Apparatus, systems and methods for mass transfer of gases into liquids

An apparatus for mass transfer of a gas into a liquid, including a tank that defines a chamber for receiving the gas, and at least one surface provided within the chamber. Each surface has an inner region, an outer region and an edge adjacent the outer region. Each surface is configured to receive the liquid at the inner region and rotate such that the liquid flows on the surface from the inner region to the outer region, and, upon reaching the edge of the surface, separates to form liquid particles that move outwardly through the gas in the chamber. The liquid particles are sized so that the gas is absorbed by the liquid particles to produce a mixed liquid saturated with the gas during a brief flight time of the liquid particles through the chamber.

GENERATION OF PEROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AT ALKALINE pH, AND THEIR USE AS TEXTILE BLEACHING AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

The present disclosure provides methods for generating percarboxylic acid compositions and/or peroxycarboxylic acid compositions formed external to a point of use in non-equilibrium reactions for use in certain bleaching and antimicrobial applications, in particular laundry applications. The compositions are generated external to a point of use, at alkaline pH levels, viz. greater than about pH 12, and optionally suitable for use with detergents and/or surfactants for synergistic bleaching efficacy. Methods of bleaching and/or disinfecting are further provided.

System for producing l-homophenylalanine and a process for producing l-homophenylalanine

The present invention relates to a system ( 10 ) for producing L-homophenylalanine and a process for producing L-homophenylalanine using the system ( 10 ). The system ( 10 ) and the process include monitoring and controlling of the reaction conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) to desired or predetermined values. The monitoring, adjusting and agitating steps provided by the method thereby result in a more complete conversion of the available substrate and produce a sufficient yield of homophenylalanine.

SYSTEM TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS INTO SUGAR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A device for converting cellulose to sugar comprises a reactor chamber with a plurality of control components, and a control assembly. The control assembly is operatively connected to the reactor chamber, a chive assembly and control components to transmit and receive interoperability signals. The device has an inlet hopper with a detector, a crusher, an outlet hopper, a sensor assembly, a steam inlet, and a carbon dioxide inlet. The inlet hopper is configured to receive and analyze proportion data of matters in a feedstock and catalyst mixture via the detector. The crusher receives and grinds the mixture from the inlet hopper to induce chemical reaction for producing sugar. The outlet hopper is configured to determine a proportion data of matter in the grinded mixture. The control assembly is configured to determine adjustments need to be performed on the components and chive assembly to optimize the sugar production. 1. A device for converting cellulose to sugar , comprising:a reactor chamber comprising a plurality of control components;a control assembly operatively connected to the reactor chamber and to each of the control components, the control components configured to transmit and receive interoperability signals; a crusher assembly configured to receive a mixture of cellulose feedstock and solid acid catalyst, wherein the crusher assembly is configured to grind the mixture under pressure to induce a solid-solid interaction between the cellulose feedstock and the solid acid catalyst inducing a chemical reaction to produce the sugar;an outlet hopper having a detector configured to determine a proportion of matter in the grinded mixture delivered by the crusher assembly, wherein the control assembly is configured to determine if reprocessing of the grinded mixture is required, and if so, tune the control components to optimize sugar production; wherein the crusher assembly comprises rollers.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor assembly ...

Process for the Continuous On-Site Production of Percarboxycilic Acid Solutions and Device for Its Implementation

Provided are various methods and systems for producing peroxycarboxylic acid compositions, and in particular, nonequilibrium compositions of peracetic acid. The methods and systems control flow rates and proportions of feedstocks/reactants, perform the required sequence of reaction steps to produce high yield peroxycarboxcylic acid solutions in a continuous manner, and provide optimal reaction time and reactant mixing for continuous and safe on-site production. 1. A method for the continuous production of non-equilibrium peroxycarboxcylic acid , comprising:a. providing at least one source of water on demand at a point of use of the peroxycarboxcylic acid;b. providing at least one source of aqueous peroxide;c. then diluting the aqueous peroxide with the water to generate a diluted aqueous peroxide having a concentration of between 0.1% and 10% and a pH greater than 8;d. next, providing at least one source of aqueous hydroxide;e. then, adjusting the pH of the diluted aqueous peroxide to a pH in a range of 10 to 13.5 by adding the aqueous hydroxide source to the diluted aqueous peroxide;f. providing at least one source of acyl donor; andh. mixing the at least one sources of acyl donor and dilute aqueous peroxide to produce a single-phase composition of non-equilibrium peroxycarboxcylic acid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aqueous peroxide source is hydrogen peroxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl donor is a liquid acetyl donor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl donor is selected from the group consisting of asacetin claim 1 , diacetin claim 1 , triacetin claim 1 , acetylsalicylic acid claim 1 , (β)-D-glucose pentaacetate claim 1 , cellulose acetate claim 1 , D-mannitol hexaacetate claim 1 , sucrose octaacetate claim 1 , acetic anhydride claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N claim 1 ,N′N′- tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) claim 1 , N-acetyl glycine claim 1 , N-acetyl-5 DL-methionine claim 1 , 6-acetamidohexanoic acid claim 1 , N-acetyl-L- ...

Device for producing and treating a gas stream through an automatically controlled volume of liquid

The device for producing and treating a gas stream (F) includes an exchange enclosure ( 2 ) having at least a first discharge opening ( 2 b ) for a gas stream, means ( 3; 4 ) for supplying the enclosure with a liquid (L), means ( 3; 5 ) for discharging the liquid (L) contained in the exchange enclosure ( 2 ) and aeraulic means ( 6 ), which make it possible, during operation, to create, by means of suction or blowing, an incoming gas stream (F) coming from outside the exchange enclosure ( 2 ), so that said incoming gas stream (F) is introduced into the volume of liquid (V) contained in the exchange enclosure ( 2 ), and an outgoing gas stream (F′), treated by direct contact with said volume of liquid, rises inside the exchange enclosure and is discharged out of the exchange enclosure ( 2 ) through the discharge opening ( 2 b ).

METHOD FOR THE EPOXIDATION OF AN OLEFIN WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Epoxidation of an olefin is carried out by continuously reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a homogeneous epoxidation catalyst in a reaction mixture comprising an aqueous liquid phase and an organic liquid phase, using a loop reactor with mixing of the liquid phases. The loop reactor comprises a measuring section in which the liquid phases are temporarily separated, at least one pH electrode is arranged in the measuring section in contact with the separated aqueous phase, a pH of the separated aqueous phase is determined with the pH electrode and the pH is maintained in a predetermined range by adding acid or base to the loop reactor. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for the epoxidation of an olefin , comprising continuously reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a homogeneous epoxidation catalyst , wherein: i) a measuring section in which the liquid phases are temporarily separated into a separated aqueous phase and a separated organic phase;', 'ii) at least one pH electrode in said measuring section in contact with the separated aqueous phase;, 'a) the reaction is carried out in a reaction mixture comprising an aqueous liquid phase and an organic liquid phase using a loop reactor with mixing of the liquid phases, wherein the loop reactor comprisesb) a pH of the separated aqueous phase is determined with said pH electrode and said pH is maintained in a predetermined range by adding acid or base to the loop reactor.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the liquid phases are temporarily separated by lowering the flow rate.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the flow rate is lowered in the measuring section by enlarging the flow cross section.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the measuring section is located in a side stream to the loop reactor.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein a valve is used for lowering the flow rate or temporarily stopping the flow in the measuring section.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein at ...

SYSTEM TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS INTO SUGAR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A system configured to convert cellulosic materials to sugar is provided. The system has a housing a plurality of sensors coupled to the housing configured to receive input from an internal section of the housing, and convert the input to data during operation, and a control system comprising a processor, the control system configured to configured to adjust a parameter of the housing based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises an amount of oxygen within the housing, and if the oxygen in the housing is outside a predetermined range, the control system outputs a signal to an outlet to release a predetermined amount of oxygen. 1. A device configured to convert cellulosic materials to sugar , the device comprising:a housing having at least a flight disposed therein, the housing having a steam inlet and a vacuum inlet;a plurality of sensors coupled to the housing configured to receive input from an internal section of the housing, and convert the input to data during operation; anda control system comprising a processor, the control system configured to configured to adjust a parameter of the housing based on the received data;wherein the received data comprises an amount of oxygen within the housing, and if the oxygen in the housing is outside a predetermined range, the control system outputs a signal to an outlet to release a predetermined amount of oxygen.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one pressure sensor.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one temperature sensor claim 1 , wherein the at least one temperature sensor is a thermocouple and is further configured to output a signal to the control system if the pH is outside of a predetermined range.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a pH meter configured to calculate the hydrogen-ion activity of the products in the housing claim 1 , and further configured to output a signal to ...

HIGH-DENSITY PRECURSOR FOR MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE METAL OXIDE CATHODES FOR LI-ION BATTERIES

The disclosed embodiments relate to the manufacture of a precursor co-precipitate material for a cathode active material composition. During manufacture of the precursor co-precipitate material, an aqueous solution containing at least one of a manganese sulfate and a cobalt sulfate is formed. Next, a NHOH solution is added to the aqueous solution to form a particulate solution comprising irregular secondary particles of the precursor co-precipitate material. A constant pH in the range of 10-12 is also maintained in the particulate solution by adding a basic solution to the particulate solution. 1. A method for manufacturing a precursor co-precipitate material for a cathode active material composition , comprising:forming an aqueous solution comprising at least one of a manganese sulfate and a cobalt sulfate;{'sub': '4', 'adding a NHOH solution to the aqueous solution to form a particulate solution comprising irregular secondary particles of the precursor co-precipitate material; and'}maintaining a constant pH in the range of 10-12 in the particulate solution by adding a basic solution to the particulate solution.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:agitating the particulate solution to form spherical co-precipitate particles from the irregular secondary particles.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:filtering the spherical co-precipitate particles from the particulate solution;washing the filtered spherical co-precipitate particles; anddrying the spherical co-precipitate particles.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the spherical co-precipitate particles have a median particle size of greater than 5 microns.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the particulate solution is agitated for 3-72 hours or continuously.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate solution is maintained at a constant temperature in the range of 30-65° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the basic solution comprises at least one of an alkali metal hydroxide claim 1 , an ...

Systems and Methods for the Continuous On-Site Production of Peroxycarboxcylic Acid Solutions

Methods and systems for on-site production of peroxycarboxcylic acid compositions, and in particular, nonequilibrium compositions of peracetic acid (PAA) enable the economical and safe production of PAA on-demand at the point of use. The methods and systems control flow rates and proportions of feedstocks/reactants, perform the required sequence of reaction steps to produce high yield peroxycarboxcylic acid solutions in a continuous manner, and provide optimal reaction time and reactant mixing for continuous and safe on-site production. 1. A method for the continuous production of non-equilibrium peracetic acid solutions containing biocidal concentrations of peroxycarboxylic acids , the method comprising:providing a source of hydrogen peroxide having an initial pH of less than 7.0;diluting the hydrogen peroxide with water to create a diluted solution having a concentration which is less than 10% weight/volume;adding an alkali metal hydroxide to the diluted solution to adjust the pH to a pH in a range of approximately 10.0 to approximately 13.5;reacting the diluted solution with an O-acetyl or N-acetyl donor;vigorously mixing the solution.2. The method of further including the step of controlling the stoichiometry of the peroxide component with respect to the acetyl donor to bias the reaction in favor of either producing peracetic acid or producing a solution having a specified remaining concentration of peroxide.3. The method of wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.4. The method of wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide.5. The method of wherein the O-acetyl donor is triacetin.6. The method of wherein the step of mixing the solution includes producing a turbulent flow having high shear within the solution and having a Reynolds number of 500 or greater.7. The method of including the step of vigorously mixing the solution following the diluting step.8. The method of further including the step of vigorously mixing the solution ...

METHOD TO OBTAIN METHYLENE MALONATE VIA BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL) MALONATE PATHWAY

Method to obtain methylene malonate and related monomers following a bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate pathway. A bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate intermediary is subsequently reacted (i.e., subjected to thermolysis) to provide a methylene malonate monomer species. A source of formaldehyde (e.g., formalin) is provided in the presence of a basic catalyst (e.g., calcium hydroxide), to which a malonate (e.g., diethyl malonate) is added under suitable reaction conditions to obtain the desired intermediary (e.g., dialkyl bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate). The intermediary is reacted (i.e., subjected to thermolysis) under suitable conditions in the presence of a suitable catalyst (e.g., a zeolite) to obtain a methylene malonate monomer. In an exemplary embodiment, the thermolysis reaction includes the addition of the bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate intermediary onto a heated catalyst. The reaction product is collected and purified. The disclosed methods may be performed in a continuous operation. Discrete steps may be performed by using modular units within a plant. 162-. (canceled)63. A plant for producing a methylene malonate monomer comprising:at least one diol production unit comprising a diol reactor apparatus capable of reacting a dialkyl malonate ester and a source of formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst,at least one diol purification unit,at least one monomer production unit comprising a plurality of catalyst columns and at least one heating apparatus for maintaining the temperature of the plurality of catalyst columns, andat least one monomer purification unit comprising a condensation apparatus, a fractional distillation apparatus, or both;wherein the at least one diol production unit is in communication with the at least one diol purification unit, and the at least one diol purification unit is in communication with the at least one monomer production unit, and the at least one monomer production unit is in communication with the at least one monomer purification unit.6473-. ...

HIGH-DENSITY PRECURSOR FOR MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE METAL OXIDE CATHODES FOR LI-ION BATTERIES

The disclosed embodiments relate to the manufacture of a precursor co-precipitate material for a cathode active material composition. During manufacture of the precursor co-precipitate material, an aqueous solution containing at least one of a manganese sulfate and a cobalt sulfate is formed. Next, a NHOH solution is added to the aqueous solution to form a particulate solution comprising irregular secondary particles of the precursor co-precipitate material. A constant pH in the range of 10-12 is also maintained in the particulate solution by adding a basic solution to the particulate solution. 1. A precursor to a cathode active material composition , the precursor comprising:{'sub': x', 'y', 'z', '2, 'particles having a composition represented by MnMCo(OH)'}wherein 0.01≤x≤0.30, 0≤y≤0.20, 0.94≤z<1.00, and x+y+z=1;wherein M comprises one or more metal cations selected from the group consisting of monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cations and Ru; andwherein the particles have a mean particulate size from 10 microns to 40 microns.2. The precursor of claim 1 , wherein 0.01≤x≤0.04.3. The precursor of claim 1 , wherein 0≤y≤0.02.4. The precursor of claim 1 , wherein 0.01≤x≤0.04 and 0≤y≤0.02.5. The precursor of claim 1 , wherein M is Ni.6. The precursor of claim 1 , wherein M is Mg.7. The precursor of claim 1 , wherein M is a combination of Ni and Mg.8. The precursor of claim 1 , wherein the particles have a tap density from 0.86-1.78 g/cm.9. The precursor of claim 8 , wherein:0.01≤x≤0.04,0≤y<≤0.02, andM is selected from Ni, Mg, and a combination thereof. The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/627,853 entitled “HIGH-DENSITY PRECURSOR FOR MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE METAL OXIDE CATHODES FOR LI-ION BATTERIES,” filed Jun. 20, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/449,987 entitled “HIGH-DENSITY PRECURSOR FOR MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE METAL OXIDE CATHODES FOR LI-ION BATTERIES,” filed Aug. 1, 2014, ...

Nylon salt solution preparation processes with trim diamine

Disclosed are nylon salt solution preparation processes including a trim diamine feed. The nylon salt solution is prepared by feeding a dicarboxylic acid monomer and a diamine monomer to a single continuous stirred tank reactor. The dicarboxylic acid is metered, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to the reactor. The nylon salt solution is formed continuously and has low variability from a target pH and/or a target salt solution concentration. The nylon salt solution is transferred directly to a storage tank, without further monomer addition, pH adjustment, or salt solution adjustment after exiting the continuous stirred tank reactor.

System and Method for Monitoring and Controlling a Polymerization System

The present disclosure relates generally to a system having a reactor system with a polymerization reactor and a feed system fluidly coupled to a feed inlet of the reactor. The feed system supplies components to the reactor via the feed inlet, and the reactor has a flow path that continuously conveys the components through the reactor and subjects the components to polymerization conditions to produce a polymer. The system also has an analysis system coupled to the reactor for online monitoring of a particle size of the polymer. Further, the system includes a control system, coupled to the analysis and feed systems, that receives a signal from the analysis system indicative of the monitored particle size of the polymer and adjusts an operating parameter of the feed system to control a flow rate of at least one of the components to the reactor based at least on the signal. 1. A polymerization system , comprising:a reactor system comprising a polymerization reactor and a feed system fluidly coupled to a feed inlet of the polymerization reactor, wherein the feed system is configured to supply polymerization components to the polymerization reactor via the feed inlet, and the polymerization reactor comprises a flow path configured to continuously convey the polymerization components through an interior of the polymerization reactor and configured to subject the polymerization components to polymerization conditions to produce a polymer slurry comprising polymer particles;an analysis system coupled to the polymerization reactor along the flow path, wherein the analysis system is configured to monitor a particle size of the polymer; anda control system coupled to the analysis system and the feed system, wherein the control system is configured to receive a signal from the analysis system indicative of the monitored particle size of the polymer particles, and is configured to adjust an operating parameter of the feed system to control a flow rate of at least one of the ...

System and Method For PH Control Of Lean MEG Product From MEG Regeneration and Reclamation Packages

A lean MEG stream having a first pH level is contacted with a CO-rich gas stream to yield a lean MEG product having a second different and lower pH level preferably in a range of 6.5 to 7.0. The system and method can be readily incorporated into a slipstream MEG recovery package, with a source of the lean MEG stream being a MEG regeneration section of the package. The CO-rich gas could be a vented COstream from the MEG reclamation section of the package. Unlike hydrochloric and acetic acid overdosing, COoverdosing of the lean MEG stream does not lead to rapid acidification of the lean MEG product to be stored or injected. 1. A system for adjusting a pH level of a MEG stream , the system comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a vessel having an inlet to receive a MEG stream and ported to receive a CO-rich gas, the MEG stream and CO-rich gas coming into contact with one another within the vessel.'}2. A system according to claim 1 , the MEG stream having a first pH level when entering the vessel and claim 1 , after coming into contact with the CO-rich gas claim 1 , having a second different pH level when exiting the vessel.3. A system according to wherein an amount of the CO-rich gas is at least equal to a stoichiometric quantity effective for achieving a desired second lower pH level.4. A system according to wherein the amount of CO-rich gas exceeds the stoichiometric quantity.5. A system according to wherein the second different pH level is at least 6.6. A system according to wherein the second different pH level is 7.7. A system according to further comprising a source of the CO-rich gas is a vented COstream from a MEG reclamation unit.8. A system according to wherein the MEG stream is mixed with a second MEG stream having a different pH level than a pH level of the MEG stream.9. A system according to further comprising a source of the second MEG stream is a MEG reclamation unit.10. A system according to wherein the second MEG stream has a pH level of 7.11. A system according ...

FORMULATIONS AND METHODS FOR CONTEMPORANEOUS STABILIZATION OF ACTIVE PROTEINS DURING SPRAY DRYING AND STORAGE

A method of treatment of plasma with a physiologically compatible spray dry stable acidic substance (SDSAS) prior to or contemporaneously with spray drying of the plasma that results in greater recovery and greater long-term stabilization of the dried plasma proteins as compared to spray dried plasma that has not be subject to the formulation method of the present invention, as well as compositions related to plasma dried by the methods of the present invention. 1) A method of producing spray dried plasma , the method comprising:a) providing i) plasma, ii) one or more physiologically compatible spray dry stable acidic substance (SDSAS), and iii) a spray drying system;b) adjusting the pH of the plasma with the SDSAS by bringing the concentration of the SDSAS to between about 0.001 and about 0.050 mmol/mL to create formulated plasma;c) drying the formulated plasma with the spray drying system to create spray dried formulated plasma, said spray dried formulated plasma having a recovery of active von Willebrand factor at least 5 percentage points greater than the recovery of active von Willebrand factor obtained from an otherwise identical spray dried plasma that has not undergone pretreatment with a SDSAS.2) The method of claim 1 , further comprising reconstituting the spray dried formulated plasma with sterile water to produce reconstituted plasma.3) The method of claim 2 , wherein said reconstituted plasma has a pH of about 6.8 to about 7.6.4) The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more SDSAS is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , gluconic acid claim 1 , glycine hydrogen chloride (glycine-HCl) claim 1 , lactic acid and monosodium citrate.5) The method of claim 4 , wherein said SDSAS is citric acid.6) The method of claim 4 , wherein said SDSAS is lactic acid.7) The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more SDSAS is added to the plasma to create the formulated plasma within 30 minutes of drying the formulated ...

Modular refining reactor and refining methods

Methods and apparatus for refining feedstocks, such as crude or synthetic oil, and like feedstocks, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a reactor for refining a feedstock includes: a chamber having an inner volume to hold a liquid feedstock, a feedstock inlet port, a process gas inlet port, and an outlet port; a gas diffuser housed within the chamber and coupled to the process gas inlet port; and a radical generator coupled in fluid communication with the inner volume via the gas diffuser. In some embodiments, a method for refining feedstock includes: providing liquid feedstock to an inner volume of a reactor; flowing a radicalized process gas from a radical generator into the inner volume and into contact with the feedstock via a gas diffuser to fractionate the feedstock and produce one or more fractions of product in a vaporous mixture; and collecting a desired product from the vaporous mixture.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CARRYING OUT A pH-INFLUENCED CHEMICAL AND/OR BIOLOGICAL REACTION

The present invention generally relates to methods and systems for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction. In some embodiments, the pH-influenced reaction involves the conversion of COto a dissolved species. 1. A system for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction , comprising:a pH-adjustment zone comprising a solution containing a complexation agent capable of associating and/or disassociating an acid and/or base to and/or from the solution upon exposure to an electrical potential, wherein the solution comprises at least one additive; anda reaction zone in fluid connection with the pH adjustment zone, wherein the reaction zone comprises components and reagents for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the additive is a salt comprising the structure [M][X] or n[M]m[X] claim 1 , wherein [M] and [M] are cations claim 1 , [X] and [X] are anions claim 1 , each p is 1 claim 1 , 2 claim 1 , 3 claim 1 , or 4 claim 1 , and m and n are different and are 1 claim 1 , 2 claim 1 , 3 claim 1 , or 4.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pH-influenced reaction involving the conversion of COto a dissolved species.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the complexation agent comprises copper and the solution further comprises a primary amine.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the additive comprises sodium bromide or ammonium bromide.6. A system for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction claim 4 , comprising:a pH-adjustment zone comprising a solution and a porous electrode, wherein the solution contains a complexation agent capable of associating and/or disassociating an acid and/or base to and/or from the solution upon exposure to an electrical potential, and wherein at least a portion of the complexation agent intercalates into and/or de-intercalates from the electrode during operation of the system; anda reaction zone in fluid connection with the pH ...

Boron recovery apparatus, boron recovery method, and boron recovery system

Disclosed is a boron recovering device including: an aeration-type water-channel reactor including a water channel; at least one aeration unit disposed in the water channel and aerating a boron-containing solution by passing it through the water channel to deposit boron in the form of borax; and a precipitation bath precipitating the deposited borax in the boron-containing solution having passed through the aeration-type water-channel reactor and separating a filtrate by overflowing, a boron recovering device, a method of recovering boron, and a boron recovering system.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SPENT CATALYST FOR PRECIOUS METALS RECOVERY

A process is provided for preparing a spent noble metal fixed-bed catalyst for precious metals recovery, comprising: a) adding the catalyst to a caustic solution to wash the spent catalyst and to make a wash slurry having an alkaline pH, wherein the spent catalyst has been in contact with chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, and wherein the spent catalyst comprises from 5 to 35 wt % chloride; and b) filtering the wash slurry and collecting: i) a filter cake having from at least 70 wt % of the chloride in the spent catalyst removed and having the noble metals retained, and ii) a wash filtrate. Also provided is a filter cake comprising a washed consolidated cake having 40 to 75 wt % solids, a cake moisture content from 25 to less than 60 wt %, 0.1 to 1.5 wt % total noble metals, and a residual chloride content of from zero to less than 4 wt %. 1. A process for preparing a spent noble metal fixed-bed catalyst for precious metals recovery , comprising:a. adding the spent noble metal fixed-bed catalyst comprising one or more noble metals to a caustic solution to wash the spent catalyst and to make a wash slurry having a pH from 7 to 12.5, wherein the spent catalyst has been in contact with a chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, and wherein the spent catalyst comprises from 5 to 35 wt % chloride; andb. filtering the wash slurry and collecting: i) a filter cake having from at least 70 wt % to 100 wt % of the chloride in the spent catalyst removed and having from 90 wt % to 100 wt % of the one or more noble metals retained, and ii) a wash filtrate.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the spent noble metal fixed-bed catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the wash slurry is from 9 to 12.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the spent noble metal fixed-bed catalyst has been used for hydro-regeneration of the chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst.5. The process of claim 1 , additionally comprising adding a filter aid ...

RECONFIGURABLE MULTI-STEP CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS SYSTEM AND RELATED COMPONENTS AND METHODS

The instant disclosure is related to fluidic distributors, fluidic systems, and associated methods and articles. Certain embodiments are related to fluidic distributors that comprise bays including fluidic connections with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other. In some embodiments, a fluidic distributor may comprise bays with electrical interfaces with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other. 1. A fluidic distributor , comprising:a first bay comprising first and second fluidic connections; anda second bay comprising first and second fluidic connections;wherein the relative positions of the first and second fluidic connections of the first bay substantially correspond to the relative positions of the first and second fluidic connections of the second bay.2. A fluidic distributor , comprising:a first bay comprising first and second fluidic connections and an electrical interface;a second bay comprising first and second fluidic connections and an electrical interface; and a processor is electronically coupled to the electrical interfaces of the first and second bays; and', 'the relative positions of the first fluidic connection of the first bay and the electrical interface of the first bay substantially correspond to the relative positions of the first fluidic connection of the second bay and the electrical interface of the second bay., 'wherein3. The fluidic distributor of claim 2 , wherein the degree of overlap of the first fluidic connector of the first bay and the first fluidic connector of the second bay is at least 50% claim 2 , and wherein the degree of overlap of the electrical interface of the first bay and the electrical interface of the second bay is at least 50%.4. The fluidic distributor of claim 2 , wherein the degree of overlap of the first fluidic connector of the first bay and the first fluidic connector of the second bay is at least 95% claim 2 , and wherein the degree of overlap of the electrical ...

METHOD FOR EXTRACTING TREMELLA POLYSACCHARIDE WITH BUFFER SOLUTION

The present invention provides a method for extracting polysaccharides by using buffer solution, which comprises the following steps: leaching powder in a buffer solution with heating to obtain the leachate; subjecting the said leachate to solid-liquid separation and obtaining the liquid component which contains polysaccharides; subjecting the said liquid component to alcohol precipitation, and the precipitate obtained is polysaccharides. According to the method of the invention, various buffer solutions can achieve the extraction rates of polysaccharides up to 33:12%, which is 3 to 4 times of that of the traditional water extraction method, and greatly improve the extraction yields of polysaccharides. 1Tremella. A method for extracting polysaccharides , comprising the following steps:{'i': 'Tremella', '1) under the condition of heating, obtaining a leachate by leaching powder with a buffer solution comprising no organic solvent, wherein the temperature is kept at 70-100° C., and the heating time is 2-6 h;'}2) subjecting the leachate to solid-liquid separation to obtain a liquid component; and{'i': 'Tremella', '3) obtaining the polysaccharides by alcohol-precipitating and centrifuging the liquid component,'}wherein the buffer solution is selected from a group consisting of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution having a concentration of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and sodium citrate, respectively, and pH of 3.0 to 6.6; acetic acid—sodium acetate buffer solution having a concentration of 0.2 mol/L citric acid and sodium citrate, respectively, and pH of 3.6 to 5.8; and sodium carbonate buffer solution having a concentration of 0.1 mol/L sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate, respectively, and pH of 8.6 to 10.6.23-. (canceled)4Tremella. The method for extracting polysaccharides according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of material vs. water in step 1) is 1:30 to 1:70 g/mL.5Tremella. The method for extracting polysaccharides according to claim 1 , wherein heating ...

Process for the Preparation of Sevelamer Carbonate

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of Sevelamer carbonate from polyallylamine hydrochloride. 1. A process for the preparation of Sevelamer carbonate , comprising:(a) contacting an aqueous alkaline solution of polyallylamine hydrochloride with epichlorohydrin at a pH of more than 12;(b) maintaining the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) under stirring until the formation of gel;(c) optionally washing the gel with at least one of water miscible solvent(s) and water;(d) suspending the obtained gel in step (b) or step (c) in water;(e) treating the suspension obtained in step (d) with carbon dioxide in water to obtain Sevelamer carbonate; and(f) optionally washing the Sevelamer carbonate with at least one of water miscible solvent(s) and water.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution of polyallylamine hydrochloride is prepared by dissolving the polyallylamine hydrochloride in water to obtain an aqueous solution of polyallylamine hydrochloride; the process further comprising treatment with a solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides is selected from the group comprising: sodium hydroxide claim 2 , potassium hydroxide claim 2 , calcium hydroxide claim 2 , and magnesium hydroxide.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pH is in the range of 12 to 14.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pH is in the range of 13 to 14.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water miscible solvent in step (c) or step (f) is selected from the group comprising: C-Calcohol claim 1 , dimethylformamide claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran claim 1 , dimethyl sulfoxide claim 1 , and acetonitrile.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the water miscible solvent in step (c) comprises isopropanol.8. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the water miscible solvent in step (f) comprises methanol.9. A ...

APPLIANCE FOR MADE-IN-HOME PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS AND HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS

An appliance for producing a personal care product. The appliance includes a reaction chamber configured to receive one or more ingredients of a personal care product. The appliance also includes a cartridge, wherein the cartridge holds at least one of the one or more ingredients of the personal care product. The appliance further includes an output port configured to allow removal of the personal care product from the reaction chamber. 1. An appliance for producing a personal care product , the appliance comprising:a reaction chamber configured to receive one or more ingredients of a personal care product;a cartridge, wherein the cartridge holds at least one of the one or more ingredients of the personal care product; andan output port configured to allow removal of the personal care product from the reaction chamber.2. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber includes a pouch.3. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber includes a mechanism for mixing ingredients.4. The appliance of claim 3 , wherein the mechanism for mixing ingredients includes a stir bar.5. The appliance of claim 4 , wherein the stir bar is mechanical.6. The appliance of claim 4 , wherein the stir bar is magnetic.7. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber includes a heater.8. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber includes an extruding mechanism.9. The appliance of claim 8 , wherein the extruding mechanism includes one or more rollers.10. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the personal care product includes at least one of:hand soap;a laundry soap;a dish soap;a shampoo;a conditioner;a body wash;an antiseptic;a detergent; ora house-hold cleaner.11. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the personal care product includes at least one of:a lotion;a shaving cream;a balm;an ointment;a rub;an aftershave;a perfume;a moisturizer; ora deodorant.12. An appliance for producing a personal care product claim 1 , the appliance comprising:a reaction ...

Precursor for Positive Electrode Active Material, Manufacturing Method Thereof, And Manufacturing Apparatus Thereof

A manufacturing apparatus of a precursor for positive electrode active material includes a reactor configured to receive a reaction solution and produce a precursor for positive electrode active material through a co-precipitation reaction of the reaction solution, a filtration unit disposed inside the reactor and configured to discharge a filtrate excluding solids in the reaction solution to the outside of the reactor when the reaction solution reaches a predetermined solution level, an extraction unit configured to extract a portion of the reaction solution when the size of a precursor particle in the reaction solution reaches a predetermined size, and a storage tank configured to receive a reaction solution extracted from the reactor through the extraction unit. A method of manufacturing and the precursor are also provided.

Mordenite Zeolite Having Excellent Particle Uniformity and Method for Preparing Same

The present invention pertains to a mordenite zeolite having excellent particle uniformity, and a method for preparing same, the method including a step for providing an aqueous solution in which a silica precursor is dissolved; a step for providing an aqueous solution in which a structure-inducing substance and an alumina precursor are dissolved; a step for providing an aqueous solution in which a surfactant is dissolved; a step for preparing a silica-alumina aqueous solution by mixing and stirring the basic silica suspension and the alumina aqueous solution; a step for preparing a zeolite synthesis composition by adding the surfactant aqueous solution to the silica-alumina aqueous solution; a step for gelling the zeolite synthesis composition; and a step for crystallizing the gelled zeolite synthesis composition. 1. A method for preparing a mordenite zeolite , comprising:dissolving a pH-adjusting material and a silica precursor in water to provide a basic silica suspension;dissolving a structure-directing agent and an alumina precursor in water to provide an alumina aqueous solution;dissolving a surfactant in water to provide an surfactant aqueous solution;mixing and stirring the basic silica suspension and the alumina aqueous solution to prepare a silica-alumina aqueous solution;adding the surfactant aqueous solution to the silica-alumina aqueous solution to prepare a zeolite synthesis composition;gelating the zeolite synthesis composition; andcrystallizing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the basic silica suspension is obtained by adding the pH-adjusting material to water to prepare a basic aqueous solution and adding the silica precursor to the basic aqueous solution.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pH-adjusting material is added in an amount such that a pH of the basic aqueous solution falls within the range of 12 to 14.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pH-adjusting material is added in an amount such that a molar ratio to SiO2 is 0.15 to 0.35.5. ...

Method for Making Bromides

Bromine containing compounds, such as calcium bromide, sodium bromide and the like, are prepared in high purity and more quickly with less waste by using a process with two bromination stages and often a third step wherein the crude product mixture can be adjusted to meet specific product requirements. In the first bromination stage, the majority, but not all, of a substrate is brominated usiung a reductive bromination reaction, the remaining unreacted substrate is converted to product in the second stage through another a reductive bromination reaction, although the specific reagents may be different, wherein the addition of bromine and a reducing agent are carefully monitored.

MATERIALS, METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR GENERATING RARE EARTH CARBONATES

Mixed rare earth carbonate may be prepared by mixing a rare earth sulfate solution with a precipitating agent comprising a first sodium carbonate (NaCO) solution, to form a first mixture, and generating a higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake from the first mixture. The higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake can be mixed with a second sodium carbonate (NaCO) solution to form a second mixture, and a lower sulfate rare earth carbonate can be generated from the second mixture. 1. A method for preparing a rare earth carbonate , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'mixing a rare earth sulfate solution with a precipitating agent comprising a first sodium carbonate (NaCO) solution, thereby continuously forming a first mixture;'}generating a higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake from the first mixture;{'sub': 2', '3, 'mixing the higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake with a second sodium carbonate (NaCO) solution to form a second mixture; and'}generating a lower sulfate rare earth carbonate from the second mixture.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein generating the higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake from the first mixture comprises:agitating the first mixture;controlling a pH of the first mixture to be about 5.5 to about 6.5; andfiltering the first mixture.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a solids content of the second mixture is 10% to about 70%; and wherein generating the lower sulfate rare earth carbonate from the second mixture comprises:agitating the second mixture for a predetermined period of time;adding an aqueous fluid to the second mixture to generate a second mixture aqueous fluid combination; andfiltering the second mixture aqueous fluid combination.4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising recovering sodium carbonate (NaCO) during filtering the second mixture aqueous fluid combination; and wherein the precipitating agent consists essentially of sodium carbonate.5. The method according to ...

LITHIUM CARBONATE PRODUCTION DEVICE

A lithium carbonate production device is provided which can efficiently produce lithium carbonate without requiring a large pressure for supplying carbon dioxide gas, by a simple structure. A lithium carbonate production device () includes: a sealed reaction tank () which stores a lithium hydroxide aqueous solution A; a supply unit () for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution; a carbon dioxide gas supply unit (); a circulation unit () for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution; and a nozzle which is provided at the head of the circulation unit () for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, and has a diameter which gradually decreases from a base end side to a head side. 1. A lithium carbonate production device comprising: a supply unit for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, which supplies the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution to the reaction tank;', 'a carbon dioxide gas supply unit that supplies carbon dioxide gas to a space above a liquid surface of the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution in the reaction tank;', 'a circulation unit for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, which circulates the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution that is stored in the reaction tank through the reaction tank, drops the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution from above the liquid surface of the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution into the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution in the reaction tank, entrains carbon dioxide gas in the reaction tank into a stream of the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, introduces the carbon dioxide gas into the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution that is stored in the reaction tank, and causes the carbon dioxide gas to react with the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution to form lithium carbonate; and', 'a nozzle that is provided at a head of the circulation unit for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, and has a diameter which decreases gradually from a base end side to a head side., 'a sealed reaction tank that stores lithium hydroxide aqueous ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR OBTAINING NOVEL CHLORINE OXIDE COMPOSITION FROM DEGRADED HYPOCHLORITE

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a new disinfectant from sodium hypochlorite that has degraded in quality during storage. A method for manufacturing a novel disinfectant from a solution containing hypochlorite ions, chlorate ions, and chloride ions, wherein the method includes: a first reaction step for adding sulfuric acid to the solution and generating chlorine gas; a step in which, in a recovery liquid A, the generated chlorine gas is caused to react with sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide and recovered as hypochlorite ions; a second reaction step for adding, to a reaction mother liquid after the first reaction step, sulfuric acid having a higher concentration than that in the first reaction step, and generating chlorine dioxide gas; a step in which, in a recovery liquid B, the generated chlorine dioxide gas is caused to react with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide and recovered as chlorite ions; and a step for mixing the recovery liquid A and the recovery liquid B and obtaining a novel disinfectant. 1. A dry solid comprising a hypochlorite and a chlorite.2. The dry solid of claim 1 , wherein the solid is in a dry granulated form.3. The dry solid of claim 1 , wherein the solid comprises calcium hypochlorite.4. The dry solid of claim 1 , wherein the solid has the following properties:(1) comprises available chlorine at 60.0% or more;(2) has a chlorine odor;(3) when 5 ml of water is added to 0.5 g of the solid and shaken and red litmus paper is immersed therein, the litmus paper changes its color to blue and then loses its color; and(4) when 2 ml of acetic acid (1→4) is added to 0.1 g of the solid, the solid dissolves while generating gas, and a solution prepared by adding 5 ml of water thereto and filtrate exhibits a reaction of calcium salt.5. The dry solid of claim 1 , wherein the solid comprises an SObased component in the range from the detection limit or higher and 8100 ppm or lower.6. The dry solid of ...

Co-precipitation reactor and method of manufacturing positive electrode active material precursor for secondary battery using the same

A co-precipitation reactor for manufacturing a positive electrode active material precursor for a secondary battery, the co-precipitation reactor including a reaction chamber having a plurality of suppliers configured to direct a reaction material and a pH adjusting material into the reaction chamber, a stirrer configured to be disposed in the reaction chamber, a drive motor configured to rotate the stirrer, a stirring shaft configured to receive power from the drive motor and rotate the stirrer, a first heater configured to heat an outside of the reaction chamber to heat the reaction material and the pH adjusting material, and a second heater configured to heat an inside of the reaction chamber to heat the reaction material and the pH adjusting material.

SYSTEM TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS INTO SUGAR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A device for converting cellulose to sugar has a reaction chamber with a plurality of control components, and a control assembly. The control assembly is operatively connected to the reaction chamber, a drive assembly and control components to transmit and receive interoperability signals. The device has an inlet hopper with a detector, a crusher, an outlet hopper, a sensor assembly, a steam inlet, and a carbon dioxide inlet. The inlet hopper is configured to receive and analyze proportion data of matters in a feedstock and catalyst mixture via the detector. The crusher receives and grinds the mixture from the inlet hopper to induce chemical reaction for producing sugar. The outlet hopper is configured to determine a proportion data of matter in the grinded mixture. The control assembly is configured to determine adjustments need to be performed on the components and drive assembly to optimize the sugar production. 1. A system for converting cellulosic feedstock to sugar comprising:a reaction chamber;a crusher assembly configured to receive a mixture of the cellulose feedstock and a solid acid catalyst, wherein the crusher assembly is configured to grind the mixture under pressure to induce a solid-solid interaction between the cellulosic feedstock and the solid acid catalyst to induce a chemical reaction to produce a grinded mixture and sugar, wherein the crusher assembly comprises rollers;a steam inlet coupled to the reaction chamber, wherein the steam inlet is configured to regulate a flow of a steam in the reaction chamber;a carbon dioxide inlet coupled to the reaction chamber, wherein the carbon dioxide inlet is configured to regulate a flow of carbon dioxide in the reaction chamber; anda vacuum pump coupled to the reaction chamber, wherein the vacuum pump is configured to release gas from the reaction chamber.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an outlet hopper configured to release an output of reaction materials.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein ...

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR PERFORMING REACTIONS

Disclosed are devices suitable for performing chemical and/or biological reactions. Also disclosed are methods of simultaneously performing at least two chemical and/or biological reactions under different conditions in a single reaction chamber. 142-. (canceled)44. The device of claim 43 , wherein at least one Venturi pump outlet is directed perpendicularly to said vertical axis of said chamber.45. The device of claim 43 , wherein at least one Venturi pump outlet is directed parallel to said vertical axis of said chamber.46. The device of claim 43 , comprising at least one liquid-driving pump functionally associated with said upper mixing assembly claim 43 , configured to drive liquid contents of said chamber into a said motive fluid inlet of a said Venturi pump of said upper mixing assembly.47. The device of claim 46 , wherein said liquid-driving pump is an immersible liquid pump located inside said chamber.48. The device of claim 43 , comprising at least one liquid-driving pump functionally associated with said lower mixing assembly claim 43 , configured to drive liquid contents of said chamber into a said motive fluid inlet of a said Venturi pump of said lower mixing assembly.49. The device of claim 48 , wherein at least one of said at least one liquid-driving pump associated with said upper mixing assembly is also at least one of said at least one liquid-driving pump associated with said lower mixing assembly.50. The device of claim 48 , further comprising a controllable valve having at least two states:an open state allowing flow of liquid from said liquid-driving pump to said motive fluid inlet of said Venturi pump of said lower mixing assembly; anda closed state preventing flow of liquid from said liquid-driving pump to said motive fluid inlet of said Venturi pump of said lower mixing assembly.51. The device of claim 46 , further comprising a controllable valve having at least two states:an open state allowing flow of liquid from said liquid-driving pump to ...

CHELATING AGENT AND PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF

Embodiments of the present invention provide a chelating agent and its preparation method and use. The chelating agent is prepared from the following raw materials in weight percent with respect to 100% of the total weight of the prepared chelating agent: 15% to 30% of an iron ion stabilizing agent, 5% to 12% of dichloroethane, 10% to 20% of ethanol solution, 10% to 20% of sodium hydroxide, 5% to 10% of carbon disulfide, 1.5% to 4.5% of an adjuster, and water as balance. The raw materials for the chelating agent according to the present invention are widely available from a variety of sources, and are less expensive. The chelating agent according to the present invention has a stable performance and a long lifetime, can be stored and use for a long time, and is highly compatible with acidizing acid liquid systems. 3. The chelating agent according to claim 1 , wherein the iron ion stabilizing agent is an aqueous solution formulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) claim 1 ,wherein the mass ratio of EDTA:NTA is (1 to 1.5):(2 to 2.5), preferably 1:2; and wherein the mass ratio of EDTA:NTA:water is preferably (1 to 1.5):(2 to 2.5):(5 to 6), more preferably 1:2:5.4. The chelating agent according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is ethanol or toluene.5. The chelating agent according to claim 1 , wherein the adjuster is a mixed solution of a 36 wt % citric acid aqueous solution and a 64 wt % acetic acid aqueous solution claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of the citric acid aqueous solution to the acetic acid aqueous solution is (2 to 3):(1 to 1.5) claim 1 , preferably 2:1.6. A method for preparing the chelating agent according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:weighing out each of the raw materials,adding dichloroethane dropwise to a mixed solution of the iron ion stabilizing agent and the solvent to carry out a reaction;after the reaction is completed, adding water and sodium hydroxide, and dropwise adding carbon disulfide to ...

Baffling tube box, continuous flow reactor, continuous flow reaction system and control system

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical pharmaceutical equipment, in particular to a baffling tube box, a continuous flow reactor, a continuous flow reaction system and a control system. The continuous flow reactor comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a shell pass inlet and a shell pass outlet which are communicated with an inner cavity of the shell, tube plates and communication devices are connected to upper and lower ends of the shell, a reaction tube bank is arranged in the shell and includes a plurality of reaction tubes, upper and lower ends of each reaction tube are fixedly connected to the tube plates in a penetrating manner, and all the reaction tubes are sequentially communicated in series through the communication devices. On one hand, compared with traditional reactors of the same size, the reaction flow is greatly extended, so that a large Reynolds number is obtained under a low flow velocity of reactants, and the turbulent flow effect is greatly improved; and continuous mixing can still be achieved during a continuous flow reaction, so that the condition in each reaction stage can be detected in real time, and installation and assembly are simplified.

Method to obtain methylene malonate via bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate pathway

Method to obtain methylene malonate and related monomers following a bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate pathway. A bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate intermediary is subsequently reacted (i.e., subjected to thermolysis) to provide a methylene malonate monomer species. A source of formaldehyde (e.g., formalin) is provided in the presence of a basic catalyst (e.g., calcium hydroxide), to which a malonate (e.g., diethyl malonate) is added under suitable reaction conditions to obtain the desired intermediary (e.g., dialkyl bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate). The intermediary is reacted (i.e., subjected to thermolysis) under suitable conditions in the presence of a suitable catalyst (e.g., a zeolite) to obtain a methylene malonate monomer. In an exemplary embodiment, the thermolysis reaction includes the addition of the bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate intermediary onto a heated catalyst. The reaction product is collected and purified. The disclosed methods may be performed in a continuous operation. Discrete steps may be performed by using modular units within a plant.

Alkylbenzene hydroperoxide production using dispersed bubbles of oxygen containing gas

An apparatus for oxidation of a C 8 -C 12 alkylbenzene reactant to a C 8 -C 12 alkylbenzene hydroperoxide product, the re-actor can comprise: a flow reactor comprising a reactant inlet, an oxidate product outlet, wherein the reactor is configured to provide a liquid flow from the reactant inlet to the product outlet, a gas inlet configured to introduce an oxygen-containing gas into the reactor and an inlet sparger configured to flow gas bubbles comprising the oxygen-containing gas within the liquid flow, and wherein: the inlet sparger is configured to flow the gas bubbles having a diameter of 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm over a gas bubble residence time from 1 to 200 seconds, and/or the inlet sparger configured to flow the gas bubbles such that greater than or equal to 80% of the gas bubbles do not coalesce into larger bubbles over a gas bubble residence time of 1 to 200 seconds.

PRODUCING C5 OLEFINS FROM STEAM CRACKER C5 FEEDS

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described. 1. A process for producing C5 olefins from a steam cracker C5 feed , the process comprising:reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, linear C5 olefins, cyclic C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons wherein cyclopentadiene is dimerized to form dicyclopentadiene;separating the reacted mixture to form a first fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising the linear and cyclic C5 olefins and C5 dienes;feeding the second fraction and hydrogen to a catalytic distillation reactor system, wherein the second fraction is introduced intermediate a first catalyst zone and a second catalyst zone; separating the linear C5 olefins from the cyclic C5 olefins and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction; and', 'selectively hydrogenating at least a portion of the C5 dienes to form additional C5 olefins; and, 'concurrently in the catalytic distillation reactor systemrecovering an overhead distillate ...

NEUTRALIZATION PLANT

The invention relates to a neutralization plant () comprising at least one reaction chamber () having a first feed () for an acid-containing product and at least one further feed () for a base-containing product, wherein at least one of the feeds () comprises at least one valve means () for controlling the inflow amount into the reaction chamber (), wherein the ion controller apparatus () comprises at least one evaluation device () set up for determining at least one actual ion concentration based on an actual pH of the mixture () present in the reaction chamber () and wherein the ion controller apparatus () comprises at least one ion controller device () comprising at least one ion controller () set up for controlling the valve means () according to the actual ion concentration and a target ion concentration. 2. Neutralization plant according to claim 1 , whereinthe evaluation device comprises a first evaluation module set up for determining a first actual ion concentration based on the actual pH andthe evaluation device comprises at least one further evaluation module set up for determining at least one further actual ion concentration based on the actual pH.3. Neutralization plant according to claim 2 , wherein{'sup': '−', 'the first actual ion concentration is an actual OHion concentration and/or'}{'sup': '+', 'the further actual ion concentration is an actual H3O ion concentration.'}4. Neutralization plant according to claim 2 , whereinthe ion controller device comprises a first ion controller and at least one further ion controller,the first ion controller is set up to control the valve means according to the first actual ion concentration and the first target ion concentration andthe further ion controller is set up to control the valve means according to the further actual ion concentration and the further target ion concentration.5. Neutralization plant according to claim 4 , wherein{'sup': '−', 'the first ion controller is an OH ion controller and/or'}{' ...

OXIDATION CHEMISTRY ON FURAN ALDEHYDES

Provided herein are methods of producing halomethylfuroic and acyloxymethylfuroic acid and ester compounds from furfural starting compounds. For example, 5-chloromethyl-2-furoic acid may be produced from 5-chloromethylfurfural, in the presence of various oxidants. Salts of the furoic acids may also be produced. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (II) claim 1 , or a salt thereof claim 1 , is produced at a yield of at least 50%.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) and the oxidant are further combined with solvent.4. The method of wherein the compound of formula (I) and the oxidant are further combined with an organosulfur compound.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) and the oxidant are further combined with an acid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) and the oxidant are combined with water to form a reaction mixture claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture has a pH claim 1 , andwherein the method comprises adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to a pH of between 0 and 5.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (II) claim 1 , or a salt thereof claim 1 , is 5-(chloromethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid claim 1 , or a salt thereof.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is 5-chloromethylfurfural.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (II) claim 1 , or a salt thereof claim 1 , is produced at a pH between 0 and 5.11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the compound of formula (II) claim 1 , or a salt thereof claim 1 , produced.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the isolating comprises liquid-liquid extraction.13. A method of producing a halomethylfuroic acid claim 11 , or a salt thereof claim 11 , comprising combining a halomethylfurfural and an oxidant to produce a halomethylfuroic acid claim 11 , or a salt thereof claim 11 , [{' ...

PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS ON-SITE PRODUCTION OF PERCARBOXYCILIC ACID SOLUTIONS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Provided are various methods and systems for producing peroxycarboxylic acid compositions, and in particular, nonequilibrium compositions of peracetic acid. The methods and systems control flow rates and proportions of feedstocks/reactants, perform the required sequence of reaction steps to produce high yield peroxycarboxcylic acid solutions in a continuous manner, and provide optimal reaction time and reactant mixing for continuous and safe on-site production. 1. A system for on-site and on-demand generation of non-equilibrium solutions of peroxycarboxcylic acids comprising:a. a source of water;b. a flow sensor structured and arranged to control a flow of water from the water source;c. a first container adapted to contain a first solution comprising an aqueous peroxide source;d. a check valve positioned intermediate the aqueous peroxide source and the system the check valve being structured and arranged to prevent flow of a liquid from the system into the first container;e. a second container containing a second solution comprising an aqueous hydroxide source;f. a check valve positioned intermediate the aqueous hydroxide source and the system, the check valve being structured and arranged to prevent flow of liquid from the system into the second container;g. a third container containing a third solution comprising an acetyl precursor;h. a pipe or tube manifold having an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end being adapted to accept flows from the water and aqueous peroxide sources;i. a first mixer having an inlet end adapted to receive a diluted aqueous peroxide flow from the outlet end of the manifold and flow from the aqueous hydroxide source, the first mixer being structured and arranged to mix the flows from the inlet, the mixer further including an outlet for discharging the flows following mixing;j. a first pH probe structured and arranged to measure the pH of the outlet flow from said mixer;k. a reactor having an inlet end adapted to receive the ...

Control System of Full-Automatic Cold Plasma Seed Processor

A control system of a full-automatic cold plasma seed processor comprises a human-machine interaction interface, a PLC controller, a transport module, a vacuum degree module, an ionization module, and an energy supply module. The human-machine interaction interface is in a communications connection with the PLC controller by using a serial port. The energy supply module supplies a power source required by another module in a system. The PLC controller controls a transport rate of seeds by using the transport module, controls, by using the vacuum degree module, the vacuum degree of the system to reach a dynamic balance, and at last, controls the ionization time and the ionization power by using the ionization module, so as to adapt to processing requirements of different seeds and achieve an optimal processing effect. The control system can automatically process seeds of various grains, and brings short processing time and low cost. 1. A control system of a full-automatic cold plasma seed processor , comprising a human-machine interaction interface , a PLC controller , an energy supply module designed to supply operating power , a transport module designed to transport seeds to be treated , anda vacuum degree module composed of a vacuum gauge tube, a vacuum solenoid valve, and mechanical pumps, andan ionization module comprising an ionization device, a RF power source, and an automatic impedance matching device, wherein:the human-machine interaction interface is in a communication connection with the PLC controller via a RS-232 interface, the human-machine interaction interface transmits the operating parameters corresponding to the seeds to be treated via the RS-232 interface to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller controls the transport module, vacuum degree module, and ionization module according to the received data; the operating parameters include Number of Gas Displacements, Target Vacuum Degree, Ionization Time, Ionization Power, and Seed Transport Rate ...

Biomass processing system and processing method

A system and a method by which the high yield of a final product produced through a pretreatment and a saccharification and fermentation step can be stably obtained, even if a property of the biomass fed to a pretreatment device or the amount of a contained acid component in the biomass may be variable. The biomass is pretreated by a pretreatment device. At least one of pH, acidity, alkalinity, and ultraviolet absorbance of the pretreated biomass is measured by a measurement unit. The amount of a generated decomposition product or a generated undecomposed substance in the pretreatment is obtained on the basis of a measurement result, and an operation condition of the pretreatment device or a property of the biomass before the pretreatment are controlled on the basis of the calculated result.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING GEL MICROSPHERES

The present invention generally relates to microfluidic droplets and, in particular, to multiple emulsion microfluidic droplets. In certain aspects, particles such as gel particles can be prepared in an aqueous carrier from aqueous droplets (or a non-aqueous carrier from non-aqueous droplets). For example, in some embodiments, double-emulsion droplets of a first fluid, surrounded by a second fluid, contained in a carrier fluid may be prepared, where the first fluid forms a gel and the second fluid is removed. For instance, the second fluid may be dissolved in the carrier fluid, or the second fluid may be hardened, then removed, for example, due to a change in pH. Other embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to kits containing such microfluidic droplets, microfluidic devices for making such microfluidic droplets, or the like. 1. A method , comprising:providing droplets of a first fluid comprising polymer, surrounded by a second fluid, contained in a carrier fluid;solidifying the second fluid;causing the polymer in the first fluid to form a gel; andremoving the solidified second fluid, thereby forming a suspension of the gel in the carrier fluid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein causing the polymer to form a gel comprises applying ultraviolet light to cross-link the polymer to form the gel.3. The method of any one of or claim 1 , wherein causing the polymer to form a gel comprises applying TEMED to the carrier fluid claim 1 , whereby the TEMED is able to diffuse into the first fluid.4. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the second fluid comprises a solvent and a second polymer claim 1 , and solidifying the second fluid comprises causing the solvent to enter the carrier fluid such that the second polymer forms a solid.5. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein solidifying the second fluid comprises solidifying the second fluid by altering the temperature of the second fluid.6. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the ...

METHOD TO OBTAIN METHYLENE MALONATE VIA BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL) MALONATE PATHWAY

Method to obtain methylene malonate and related monomers following a bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate pathway. A bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate intermediary is subsequently reacted (i.e., subjected to thermolysis) to provide a methylene malonate monomer species. A source of formaldehyde (e.g., formalin) is provided in the presence of a basic catalyst (e.g., calcium hydroxide), to which a malonate (e.g., diethyl malonate) is added under suitable reaction conditions to obtain the desired intermediary (e.g., dialkyl bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate). The intermediary is reacted (i.e., subjected to thermolysis) under suitable conditions in the presence of a suitable catalyst (e.g., a zeolite) to obtain a methylene malonate monomer. In an exemplary embodiment, the thermolysis reaction includes the addition of the bis(hydroxymethyl) malonate intermediary onto a heated catalyst. The reaction product is collected and purified. The disclosed methods may be performed in a continuous operation. Discrete steps may be performed by using modular units within a plant. 162-. (canceled)63. A plant for producing a methylene malonate monomer which comprises:at least one diol production unit which comprises a diol reactor apparatus capable of reacting a dialkyl malonate ester and a source of formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst,at least one diol purification unit which comprises an ion-exchange column and a short heat residence time apparatus capable of performing an evaporation step,at least one monomer production unit which comprises a plurality of catalyst columns and a heating apparatus for maintaining the temperature of the plurality of catalyst columns, andat least one monomer purification unit comprises a condensation apparatus, a fractional distillation apparatus, or both;wherein a first diol production unit is in communication with a diol purification unit, a first diol purification unit is in communication with a monomer production unit, and a first monomer production unit is in ...

APPLIANCE FOR MADE-IN-HOME PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS AND HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS

An appliance for producing a personal care product. The appliance includes a reaction chamber configured to receive one or more ingredients of the personal care product. The reaction chamber includes a mechanism for mixing ingredients and an extruding mechanism. The appliance also includes a sensor configured to determine one or more conditions in the reaction chamber, the one or more conditions includes at least a pH of the personal care product. The appliance further includes a cartridge, where the cartridge holds at least one of the one or more ingredients of the personal care product. The appliance additionally includes an output port configured to allow removal of the personal care product from the reaction chamber. 1. An appliance for producing a personal care product , the appliance comprising: a mechanism for mixing ingredients; and', 'an extruding mechanism;, 'a reaction chamber configured to receive one or more ingredients of the personal care product, the reaction chamber includinga sensor configured to determine one or more conditions in the reaction chamber, the one or more conditions includes at least a pH of the personal care product;a cartridge, wherein the cartridge holds at least one of the one or more ingredients of the personal care product; andan output port configured to allow removal of the personal care product from the reaction chamber.2. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber includes a pouch.3. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the mechanism for mixing ingredients includes a stir bar.4. The appliance of claim 3 , wherein the stir bar is mechanical.5. The appliance of claim 3 , wherein the stir bar is magnetic.6. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber includes a heater.7. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the extruding mechanism includes one or more rollers.8. The appliance of claim 1 , wherein the personal care product includes at least one of:a hand soap;a laundry soap;a dish soap;a shampoo;a ...

HIGH-DENSITY PRECURSOR FOR MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE METAL OXIDE CATHODES FOR LI-ION BATTERIES

The disclosed embodiments relate to the manufacture of a precursor co-precipitate material for a cathode active material composition. During manufacture of the precursor co-precipitate material, an aqueous solution containing at least one of a manganese sulfate and a cobalt sulfate is formed. Next, a NHOH solution is added to the aqueous solution to form a particulate solution comprising irregular secondary particles of the precursor co-precipitate material. A constant pH in the range of 10-12 is also maintained in the particulate solution by adding a basic solution to the particulate solution. 1. (canceled)227.-. (canceled)28. A precursor to a cathode active material composition , the precursor comprising:{'sub': x', 'y', 'z', '2, 'particles having a composition represented by MnMCo(OH)'}wherein 0.01≦x≦0.30, 0≦y≦0.20, 0.94≦z≦1.00, and x+y+z=1;wherein M comprises one or more metal cations selected from the group consisting of monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cations and Ru; andwherein the particles are characterized by a particle size distribution having a D10/D90 width from 0.45 to 0.70.29. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein 0.01≦x≦0.04.30. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein 0≦y<≦0.02.31002. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein 0.01≦x≦0.04 and 0≦y<≦..32. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein M is Ni.33. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein M is Mg.34. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein M is a combination of Ni and Mg.35. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein the particle size distribution has a mean particle size from 10 μm to 40 μm.36. The precursor of claim 28 , wherein the particles have a tap density from 0.86-1.78 g/cm. The subject matter of this application is related to the subject matter in a co-pending non-provisional application by inventors Hongli Dai, Christopher S. Johnson and Huiming Wu, entitled “High Voltage, High Volumetric Energy Density Li-Ion Battery Using Advanced Cathode Materials,” having Ser. No. 14/206,654, and filing date 12 Mar ...

BAFFLE ASSEMBLY FOR A REACTOR

A mixer reactor apparatus comprising a plurality of baffles positioned within the reactor, the baffle comprising a hollow cylindrical structure with a substantially flattened baffle section between an upper section and a lower section. The apparatus further comprises a lever formed by a portion of the upper section bent at a perpendicular angle, the lever is configured to adjust an impact of the baffle by adjusting a position of the baffle member relative to an interior wall of the reactor. 1. A mixer reactor apparatus , comprising:at least one baffle member comprising a hollow cylindrical structure with a substantially flattened baffle section between an upper section and a lower section; anda lever member comprising a portion of the upper section bent at a perpendicular angle, configured to adjust a position of the baffle member relative to an interior wall of the reactor.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the baffle member allows passing of a fluid through the hollow cylindrical structure.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , comprises a plurality of baffle members symmetrically positioned adjacent to the interior wall of the reactor.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the baffle member comprises blunt edges.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the baffle member allows passing of gas through the hollow cylindrical structure.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the baffle member further comprises a plurality of openings for distributing the gas into contents of the reactor.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the baffle member is removable and replaceable.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the position of the baffle member is adjustable based on rheological properties of contents of the reactor.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the baffle member comprises a plurality of openings.10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the baffle member allows passing of fluid at different temperatures or gas through the hollow cylindrical structure.11. The apparatus of claim ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MATERIAL OF VALUE FROM A BAUXITE RESIDUE

The invention relates to a process for obtaining material of value from a bauxite residue which is obtainable or has been obtained by the Bayer process. This process comprises the steps of a) providing an aqueous suspension of the bauxite residue, b) setting a pH of the suspension to a value between 7.2 and 12.2, c) at least partly deagglomerating suspended mineral agglomerates of the bauxite residue, and d) separating the resulting mixture into an iron-rich fraction and into at least one further, preferably silicate-rich fraction. The invention further relates to an apparatus () for carrying out the process. 1. Process for obtaining material of value from a bauxite residue , which is obtainable or obtained by the Bayer process , including the steps of:a) providing an aqueous suspension of the bauxite residue;b) adjusting a pH value of the suspension to a value between 7.2 and 12.2;c) at least partially disagglomerating suspended mineral agglomerates of the bauxite residue, wherein the mineral agglomerates are disagglomerated by generation of cavitation; andd) separating the resulting mixture into an iron-rich fraction and into at least one further fraction.2. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein in step a) a ratio of solid to liquid between 1:2 and 1:5 is adjusted in the suspension and/or that in step a) a bauxite residue with a water content between 20% and 40% is used.3. Process according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 3', '3, 'wherein a density of the suspension is adjusted to a value between 1.05 g/cmand 1.35 g/cm.'}4. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the temperature of the suspension is adjusted to a value between 30° C. and 70° C. before step c).5. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the pH value is adjusted to a value between 7.4 and 11.8 in step b).6. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the pH value adjusted in step b) is continuously and/or gradually varied in the range between 7.2 and 12.2 during step c).7. Process according to claim 1 ,wherein the pH ...

Method for Controlling the Production of a Biocide

A method and apparatus for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt are provided. The method includes monitoring a control parameter to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The control parameter may be oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, induction or oxygen saturation. 1. A method for producing a biocide comprising:mixing a solution of a hypochlorite oxidant with a solution of an ammonium salt to produce a biocide; andmonitoring a control parameter that indicates when a maximum yield of said biocide, which yield is attainable without degradation of said biocide, has been reached;wherein said control parameter is not pH.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said hypochlorite oxidant is sodium hypochlorite.39-. (canceled)10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said ammonium salt is selected from ammonium carbonate and ammonium carbamate.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said solution of an ammonium salt is prepared by diluting a commercial stock solution of about 15-50% with water or with said solution of a hypochlorite oxidant immediately prior to use.1216-. (canceled)17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said control parameter is ORP.18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said control parameter is conductivity or induction.19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said control parameter is oxygen saturation.20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said method comprises:providing a discrete amount of said solution of an ammonium salt;adding a plurality of discrete amounts of said solution of a hypochlorite oxidant to said discrete amount of said solution of an ammonium salt under mixing conditions; andmeasuring said control parameter after the addition of each discrete amount of said solution of a hypochlorite oxidant.21. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said method comprises:mixing a stream of a hypochlorite solution with a stream of ...

METHODS FOR REDUCING THE VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID

A device and method are disclosed to mix two or more liquids to reduce their viscosity, specific gravity or density. The device can also take a heavy fuel oil and following treatment, produce a lighter fuel oil. The invention also comprises a method and procedure for mixing two or more liquids as well as producing a lighter fuel oil from a heavy fuel oil. 1. A method for reducing the viscosity of an at least one liquid using a device configured for resonance excitation of said at least one liquid , the method comprising the steps of:closing a shutoff valve of the device;draining the device of air;establishing a flow through the device of the at least one liquid;recording the flow of said at least one liquid using a flow meter of the device;diluting the at least one liquid with a further liquid of relatively lower density by mixing said liquids using resonance excitation;establishing a desired ratio between said liquids using the flow meter;modulating a flow of said liquids;monitoring a viscosity of said liquids to achieve a desired blend ratio thereof; andperforming a fractioning process on said liquids.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of maintaining an even mixture of said liquids.3. The method of wherein the step of establishing a flow through the device of the at least one liquid comprises the step of establishing a flow through the device of an at least one hydrogen-bonded liquid.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of establishing a flow through the device of an at least one hydrogen-bonded liquid comprises the step of establishing a flow through the device of at least one of a heavy fuel oil claim 3 , a bitumen claim 3 , and a hydrocarbon contaminated water.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of establishing a flow through the device of heavy fuel oil comprises the step of establishing a flow through the device of a high paraffinic crude oil.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of performing a fractioning process ...

System And Method For pH Control Of Lean MEG Product From MEG Regeneration And Reclamation Packages

A MEG stream having a first pH level is contacted with a CO-rich gas stream to yield a MEG product having a second different and lower pH level. The system and method can be readily incorporated into a slipstream MEG recovery package, with a source of the MEG stream being a MEG regeneration section of the package. The CO-rich gas could be a vented COstream from the MEG reclamation section of the package. Unlike hydrochloric and acetic acid overdosing, COoverdosing of the lean MEG stream does not lead to rapid acidification of the MEG product to be stored or injected. 2. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein an amount of COin the gas stream is at least equal to a stoichiometric quantity effective for achieving a desired reduced pH level of the MEG stream.3. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein an amount of COin the gas stream is greater than a stoichiometric quantity effective for achieving a desired reduced pH level of the MEG stream.4. A MEG recovery system according to wherein the second lower pH level is at least 6.5. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein the second lower pH level is 7.6. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein the MEG stream is mixed with a second MEG stream having a different pH level than the first pH level.7. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein the different pH level is 7.8. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein the MEG stream is mixed with a second MEG stream having a different salt content than that of the MEG stream.9. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein the MEG treatment includes a MEG regeneration unit.10. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein the gas stream is from a MEG reclamation unit.11. A MEG recovery vessel according to wherein the MEG treatment lowers a non-MEG content of a mixture containing the MEG stream.13. A method for pH control of a MEG stream claim 1 , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'contacting a MEG stream with a gas stream, the MEG stream being from a MEG treatment, the gas ...

Method for Preparing Positive Electrode Active Material Precursor for Lithium Secondary Battery

The present invention provides a method of preparing a positive electrode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery, a method of preparing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery in which the positive electrode active material precursor prepared by using the above method is used, and a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery which include the positive electrode active material.

Processo para preparação de polietileno

Process for preparing polyethylene

A process for producing polyethylene compositions in the presence of a catalytic system of ethylene polymerizing catalyst and cocatalyst in a multistage continuous reaction sequence consisting of successive liquid phase and gas phase polymerizations is disclosed. In the first step of the process, ethylene and optionally hydrogen and comonomer are polymerized in a first loop reactor in a low boiling hydrocarbon medium in the presence of ethylene polymerizing catalyst and cocatalyst. The reaction mixture is then removed and then transferred to a second loop reactor where polymerization is continued by addiing ethylene, hydrogen and optionally inert hydrocarbon, comonomers and cocatalysts. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is removed from the second loop reactor along with an essential part of the reaction medium and transferred to a gas phase reactor where polymerizing is continued in the presence of added ethylene and optionally hydrogen, comonomers and cocatalysts to form an end product. The residence time and reaction temperature being such that the proportion of the ethylene polymer produced in the first loop reactor to the end product of the process is between 1-20%.

Loop reactor with varying diameter for olefin polymerization

Process for polymerizing at least one olefinic monomer in a loop reactor at from 20 to 150°C, but below the melting point of the polymer to be formed, and a pressure of from 5 to 100 bar, where the polymer formed is present in a suspension in a liquid or supercritical suspension medium and this suspension is circulated by means of an axial pump, wherein the loop reactor comprises a cyclic reactor tube whose diameter varies by at least 10%, based on the predominant reactor tube diameter, and in which there is at least one widening and narrowing in a region other than that of the axial pump.

Loop type reactor for polymerization

본 발명은 고형 미립자 올레핀 폴리머 및 희석제를 포함하는 슬러리를 생성하기 위해서 희석제의 중합 촉매의 존재 하에서, 선택적으로 올레핀 코모노머와 함께, 다중 반응기 시스템의 적어도 하나의 연속 관형 루프 반응기에서 올레핀 모노머를 중합하는 것을 포함하는 공정으로서, 상기 연속 관형 루프 반응기의 전체 길이의 적어도 50 % 의 평균 내경이 적어도 700 mm 인 공정에 관한 것이다. The present invention is directed to polymerizing olefin monomers in at least one continuous tubular loop reactor in a multiple reactor system, optionally with an olefin comonomer, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst of the diluent to produce a slurry comprising a solid particulate olefin polymer and a diluent. A process comprising the same, wherein the average inner diameter of at least 50% of the total length of the continuous tubular loop reactor is at least 700 mm.

Process for the gas-phase polymerization of olefins

두 개의 상호연결된 중합 구역에서 수행되는 α-올레핀의 기상 중합을 위한 공정으로서, 성장 폴리머 입자가 고속 유동화 조건 하에 상기 중합 구역 중 제 1구역 (상승관) 을 통해 흐른 후, 상기 상승관을 빠져나와 상기 중합 구역 중 제 2 구역 (하강관) 으로 들어가 고밀도화 형태로 하방으로 흐른 후, 상기 하강관을 빠져나와 상기 상승관으로 재도입되어서, 상승관과 하강관 사이에서 폴리머의 순환을 성립시키는 공정에 있어서, 상기 공정은: (a) 상승관에 존재하는 기체 혼합물과 상이한 조성을 갖는 액체 배리어 (L B ) 를 하강관의 상부 안으로 도입함으로써, 상승관 내에 존재하는 기체 혼합물이 하강관으로 들어가는 것이 전체적으로 또는 부분적으로 방지되고, (b) 상기 하강관과 상기 상승관 사이에서 순환되는 폴리머의 유량 (Fp) 과 상기 액체의 유량 (L B ) 의 비 (R) 가 10 ~ 50 의 범위에서 조정되는 것을 특징으로 한다. Process for the gas-phase polymerization of? -Olefins carried out in two interconnected polymerization zones, wherein the growing polymer particles flow through the first zone (riser) of the polymerization zone under high-speed fluidization conditions and then exit the riser Enters the second zone (downcomer) of the polymerization zone and flows downward in a densified form, then exits the downcomer and is reintroduced into the upcompent, thereby establishing the circulation of the polymer between the upcomer and the downcomer Wherein the process comprises: (a) introducing a liquid barrier (L B ) having a composition different from that of the gas mixture present in the riser to the top of the downcomer, the gas mixture present in the riser is prevented from entering the downcomer in whole or in part, (b) characterized in that the downcomer and the ratio (R) of the rising flow rate (Fp) and flow rate (L B) of the liquid of the polymer circulating between the tubes is adjusted in the range of 10-50.

用于烯烃气相聚合的方法

一种在两个互联聚合区中进行的α-烯烃气相聚合方法，其中增长的聚合物颗粒在快速流化条件下流过第一所述聚合区(上升管)，离开所述上升管，进入第二所述聚合区(下降管)，它们以增浓形式通过第二所述聚合区向下流动，该方法的特征在于：(a)？通过将具有不同于上升管内气态混合物的组成的液流L B 引入所述下降管上部，完全或部份防止上升管内的气体混合物进入下降管内；(b)？将聚合物在所述下降管与所述上升管之间循环的流速F P 与所述液体的流速L B 的比值R调节在10-50范围。

Process for the gas-phase polymerization of olefins

A process for the gas-phase polymerization of α-olefms carried out in two interconnected polymerization zones, wherein the growing polymer particles flow through the first of said polymerization zones (riser) under fast fluidization conditions, leave said riser and enter the second of said polymerization zones (downcomer) through which they flow downward in a densified form, the process being characterized in that: (a) the gas mixture present in the riser is totally or partially prevented from entering the downcomer by introducing into the upper part of said downcomer a liquid stream LB having a composition different from the gaseous mixture present in the riser; (b) the ratio R between the flow rate Fp of polymer circulated between said downcomer and said riser and the flow rate LB of said liquid being adjusted in a range from 10 to 50.

用于确定催化剂活性的方法和系统

本发明涉及一种用于确定聚合过程中催化剂活性的方法，所述聚合过程包括下列步骤：将催化剂和稀释剂加到存储容器内以形成浓缩的沉淀催化剂、将所述浓缩的沉淀催化剂加到装有混合设备的混合容器内并将烃稀释剂加到所述混合容器内以形成稀释的催化剂浆料、将所述稀释的催化剂浆料通过体积计量泵加到聚合反应器内、和将至少一种单体加到所述聚合反应器内以形成聚合物。该方法的特征在于在所述混合容器的出口和所述体积计量泵之间测量所述稀释的催化剂浆料的密度、基于所测得的稀释的催化剂浆料的密度确定加到所述聚合反应器内的催化剂的量、和将加到所述聚合反应器内的催化剂的量与所形成的聚合物的量进行比较以确定该催化剂的活性。本发明还涉及一种适于实施该方法的系统。

Process for the manufacture of elastomers in particulate form

A process and plant are disclosed for the manufacture of particulate or liquid elastomeric polymers suitable for the manufacture of a wide variety of commercial elastomers, substantially in the absence of water for purifying and particulating the elastomer.

Prosessi polyeteenin valmistamiseksi

Loop type reactor for polymerization

Slurry phase polymerisation process

Process for polymerising, in a loop reactor, at least one olefin monomer in a liquid diluent to produce a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and said diluent, wherein the ratio between the actual volumetric solids concentration of the slurry and the maximum possible geometric volume solids concentration of the slurry as measured by the bulk density of an unpacked settled bed of particles, SVCR, is V*0.065 or greater, and the ratio of the cumulative settling distance of an average size particle at any point in the reactor in any direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow, to the internal diameter of the loop reactor, is maintained below [0.084*(V−6.62)+(0.69−SVCR)* 1.666], where V is the circulation velocity of the slurry in m/s and cumulative settling distance is defined as the cumulative distance, expressed as a fraction of the diameter, travelled by a particle in any direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow since the previous upstream pump.

淤浆环管聚烯烃反应器

本发明披露包含一根或多根环管的淤浆环管反应器，该淤浆环管反应器通过提高循环淤浆的均匀性能够改善产物的性能。

Polymerisation process

A process comprising polymerising in a loop reactor of a continuous tubular construction an olefin monomer optionally together with an olefin comonomer in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst in a diluent to produce a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and the diluent wherein the average internal diameter of at least 50% of the total length of the reactor is at least 650 millimeters, the solids concentration in the reactor is at least 15 volume % and having a particle size distribution such that (D90-D10)/D50 is less than 2.

Nano-dispersed powders and methods for their manufacture

Dispersed powders are disclosed that comprise fine nanoscale powders dispersed on coarser carrier powders. The composition of the dispersed fine powders may be oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, chalcogenides, metals, and alloys. Fine powders discussed are of sizes less than 100 microns, preferably less than 10 micron, more preferably less than 1 micron, and most preferably less than 100 nanometers. Methods for producing such powders in high volume, low-cost, and reproducible quality are also outlined. Such powders are useful in various applications such as catalysts, sensor, electronic, electrical, photonic, thermal, biomedical, piezo, magnetic, catalytic and electrochemical products.

Precursors of engineered powders

The production and selection of precursor mixtures used to produce fine powders and methods for making fine powders using the selected precursor. The precursor mixture comprises at least one metal containing precursor, the metal containing precursor has an average molecular weight of less than 2000 grams per unit mol of the metal, the metal containing precursor has a normal boiling point greater than 350K, and the viscosity of the precursor mixture is between 0.1 to 250 cP. The precursor mixture is processed under conditions that produce a fine powder from the precursor mixture. Fine powders produced are of size less than 100 microns, preferably less than 10 micron, more preferably less than 1 micron, and most preferably less than 100 nanometers.

Post-processed nanoscale powders and method for such post-processing

Post-processing methods for nanoparticles are disclosed. Methods for real time quality control of nanoscale powder manufacture are discussed. Uses of post-processed particles and consolidation methods are disclosed. Disclosed methods can enable commercial use of nanoscale powders in wide range of nanotechnology applications.

Slurry phase polymerisation process

Process for polymerising, in a loop reactor, at least one olefin monomer in a liquid diluent to produce a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and said diluent, wherein the ratio between the actual volumetric solids concentration of the slurry and the maximum possible geometric volume solids concentration of the slurry as measured by the bulk density of an unpacked settled bed of particles, SVCR, is V*0.065 or greater, and the ratio of the cumulative settling distance of an average size particle at any point in the reactor in any direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow, to the internal diameter of the loop reactor, is maintained below [0.084*(V - 6.62) + (0.69 - SVCR)*1.666], where V is the circulation velocity of the slurry in m/s and "cumulative settling distance" is defined as the cumulative distance, expressed as a fraction of the diameter,travelled by a particle in any direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow since the previous upstream pump.

Polymerisation process

A process for controlling a slurry phase (co-) polymerisation process in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst, which comprises maintaining the density SPAN of the polymer powder particles (defined as the absolute value of the density difference in g/cm 3 between the average density of the polymer particles exiting the reactor with particle size above D90 and the average density of the material with particle size below D10) below 0.005, preferably below 0.003, more preferably below 0.0026, most preferably below 0.0023.

Slurry phase polymerisation process

Process comprising polymerising in a loop reactor of a continuous tubular construction an olefin monomer optionally together with an olefin comonomer in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst in a diluent to produce a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and the diluent, wherein the average internal diameter of at least 50% of the total length of the continuous tubular loop reactor is at least 700mm wherin the HMW polymer is produced in a reactor upstream of the LMW polymer reactor and the ratio of the average internal diameter of the HMW reactor to the average internal diameter of the LMW reactor is between 0.8 and 1.4.

Slurry phase polymerisation process

Process for polymerising, in a loop reactor, at least one olefin monomer in a liquid diluent to produce a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and said diluent, wherein the ratio between the actual volumetric solids concentration of the slurry and the maximum possible geometric volume solids concentration of the slurry as measured by the bulk density of an unpacked settled bed of particles, SVCR, is V*0.065 or greater, and the ratio of the cumulative settling distance of an average size particle at any point in the reactor in any direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow, to the internal diameter of the loop reactor, is maintained below [0.084*(V - 6.62) + (0.69 - SVCR)* 1.666], where V is the circulation velocity of the slurry in m/s and "cumulative settling distance" is defined as the cumulative distance, expressed as a fraction of the diameter,travelled by a particle in any direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow since the previous upstream pump.

System and method for monitoring and controlling a polymerization system

The present disclosure relates generally to a system having a reactor system with a polymerization reactor and a feed system fluidly coupled to a feed inlet of the reactor. The feed system supplies components to the reactor via the feed inlet, and the reactor has a flow path that continuously conveys the components through the reactor and subjects the components to polymerization conditions to produce a polymer. The system also has an analysis system coupled to the reactor for online monitoring of a particle size of the polymer. Further, the system includes a control system, coupled to the analysis and feed systems, that receives a signal from the analysis system indicative of the monitored particle size of the polymer and adjusts an operating parameter of the feed system to control a flow rate of at least one of the components to the reactor based at least on the signal.

System and method for monitoring and controlling a polymerization system

The present disclosure relates generally to a system having a reactor system with a polymerization reactor and a feed system fluidly coupled to a feed inlet of the reactor. The feed system supplies components to the reactor via the feed inlet, and the reactor has a flow path that continuously conveys the components through the reactor and subjects the components to polymerization conditions to produce a polymer. The system also has an analysis system coupled to the reactor for online monitoring of a particle size of the polymer. Further, the system includes a control system, coupled to the analysis and feed systems, that receives a signal from the analysis system indicative of the monitored particle size of the polymer and adjusts an operating parameter of the feed system to control a flow rate of at least one of the components to the reactor based at least on the signal.

Polymerisation process

Method and system for determining catalytic activity

Method and device for evaluating chemical reaction processes

Disclosed is a system for monitoring chemical reactions, especially for detecting exothermic chemical reactions, comprising a reaction device consisting of a plurality of spatially separated reaction chambers for receiving reaction mixtures, and a dosing device for feeding reaction components of the reaction mixtures into the reaction chambers. The inventive system also comprises at least one sensor device which is sensitive to thermal radiation in order to detect the thermal radiation emitted by the reaction mixtures in the reaction chambers.

Inorganic colors and related nanotechnology

A pigment with modified properties because of the powder size being below 100 nanometers. Blue, yellow and brown pigments are illustrated. Nanoscale coated, un-coated, whisker inorganic fillers are included. Stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric composition are disclosed. The pigment nanopowders taught comprise one or more elements from the group actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, chalcogenide, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, hydrogen, indium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, oxygen, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

用于烯烃气相聚合的方法

一种在两个互联聚合区中进行的α-烯烃气相聚合方法，其中增长的聚合物颗粒在快速流化条件下流过第一所述聚合区(上升管)，离开所述上升管，进入第二所述聚合区(下降管)，它们以增浓形式通过第二所述聚合区向下流动，该方法的特征在于：(a)通过将具有不同于上升管内气态混合物的组成的液流LB引入所述下降管上部，完全或部份防止上升管内的气体混合物进入下降管内；(b)将聚合物在所述下降管与所述上升管之间循环的流速FP与所述液体的流速LB的比值R调节在10-50范围。

Multistage copolymerization process

The present invention relates to a multistage, continuous process for the preparation of propylene-ethylene impact copolymers comprising the use of a plug flow pipeline reactor for homopolymerizing propylene, a gas-phase fluidized bed reactor for additional propylene homopolymerization, and a gas-phase fluidized bed reactor for propylene/ethylene copolymerization.

Methods and systems for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction

The present invention generally relates to methods and systems for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction. In some embodiments, the pH-influenced reaction involves the conversion of CO 2 to a dissolved species.

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and powders and methods for using same

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and methods for using the slurries wherein the slurry includes abrasive particles. The abrasive particles have a small particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology and the particles are substantially unagglomerated.

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and powders and methods for using same

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and methods for using the slurries wherein the slurry includes abrasive particles. The abrasive particles have a small particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology and the particles are substantially unagglomerated.

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and powders and methods for using same

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and methods for using the slurries wherein the slurry includes abrasive particles. The abrasive particles have a small particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology and the particles are substantially unagglomerated.

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and powders and methods for using same

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and methods for using the slurries wherein the slurry includes abrasive particles. The abrasive particles have a small particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology and the particles are substantially unagglomerated.

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and powders and methods for using same

Chemical-mechanical planarization slurries and methods for using the slurries wherein the slurry includes abrasive particles. The abrasive particles have a small particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology and the particles are substantially unagglomerated.

Post-processed nanoscale powders and method for such post-processing

Post-processing methods for nanoparticles are disclosed. Methods for real time quality control of nanoscale powder manufacture are discussed. Uses of post-processed particles and consolidation methods are disclosed. Disclosed methods can enable commercial use of nanoscale powders in wide range of nanotechnology applications.

Procedure for the preparation of polyethylene

Un procedimiento para la producción de composiciones de polietileno en la presencia de un sistema catalítico de catalizador y cocatalizador depolimerización de etileno en una secuencia de reacción de múltiples etapas consistentes en sucesivaspolimerizaciones de fase líquida y fase gaseosa. Elprocedimiento comprende por lo menos una secuencia de reaccion contínua, en la cual en la primera etapa se polimerizan etileno y opcionalmente hidrógeno ycomonómero en un reactor de lazo cerrado, enun medio de hidrocarburo de bajo punto de ebullición, en la presencia de catalizador y cocatalizador depolimerización de etileno, siendo el tiempo de permanencia y la temperatura de reacción tales que la proporción del polímero de etileno producido en elreactor desde el producto final del procedimiento está entre 1 y 20% en peso, siendo la mezcla de reacción removida de esta etapa transferida a una segundaetapa donde la polimerización es continuada en un reactor de lazo cerrado mediante el agregado de etileno, hidrógeno y opcionalmente hidrocarburo inerte,comonómeros y cocatalizadores, siendo el tiempo de permanencia de por lo menos 10 minutos, siendo la mezcla de reacción removida de reactor de lazo cerrado,siendo por lo menosuna parte esencial del medio de reacción removida y el polímero transferido a una tercera etapa donde se lleva a cabo lapolimerización en un reactor de fase gaseosa en la presencia del agregado etileno y opcionalmente hidrógeno, comonómeros y cocatalizadores. A process for the production of polyethylene compositions in the presence of an ethylene polymerization catalyst and cocatalyst catalyst system in a multi-stage reaction sequence consisting of successive liquid phase and gas phase polymerizations. The process comprises at least one continuous reaction sequence, in which in the first stage ethylene and optionally hydrogen and comonomer are polymerized in a closed loop reactor, in a low boiling hydrocarbon medium, in the presence of catalyst and ...

Process for preparing polyethylene

A process for producing polyethylene compositions in the presence of catalytic system of ethylene polymerizing catalyst and cocatalyst in a multistage reaction sequence consisting of successive liquid phase and gas phase polymerizations. The process comprises at least one continuous reaction sequence, in which in the first step ethylene and optionally hydrogen and comonomer are polymerized in a loop reactor in a low boiling hydrocarbon medium in the presence of ethylene polymerizing catalyst and cocatalyst, the residence time and reaction temperature being such that the proportion of the ethylene polymer produced in the reactor from the end product of the process is between 1-20 wt.%, the reaction mixture removed from the step is transferred to second step where polymerization is continued in a loop reactor by adding ethylene, hydrogen and optionally inert hydrocarbon, comonomers and cocatalysts, the residence time being at least 10 minutes, the reaction mixture is removed from the loop reactor, at least an essential part of the reaction medium is removed and the polymer transferred to a third step where polymerizing is carried out in a gas phase reactor in the presence of added ethylene and optionally hydrogen, comonomers and cocatalysts.

Process for preparing polyethylene

A process for producing polyethylene compositions in the presence of catalytic system of ethylene polymerizing catalyst and cocatalyst in a multistage reaction sequence consisting of successive liquid phase and gas phase polymerizations. The process comprises at least one continuous reaction sequence, in which in the first step ethylene and optionally hydrogen and comonomer are polymerized in a loop reactor in a low boiling hydrocarbon medium in the presence of ethylene polymerizing catalyst and cocatalyst, the residence time and reaction temperature being such that the proportion of the ethylene polymer produced in the reactor from the end product of the process is between 1-20 wt.%, the reaction mixture removed from the step is transferred to second step where polymerization is continued in a loop reactor by adding ethylene, hydrogen and optionally inert hydrocarbon, comonomers and cocatalysts, the residence time being at least 10 minutes, the reaction mixture is removed from the loop reactor, at least an essential part of the reaction medium is removed and the polymer transferred to a third step where polymerizing is carried out in a gas phase reactor in the presence of added ethylene and optionally hydrogen, comonomers and cocatalysts.

Polyethylene preparation process

How to make polyethylene

본 발명은 에틸렌 중합반응 촉매와 보조촉매로 구성되는 촉매 시스템의 존재하에서 연속적인 액체상 및 기체상 중합반응으로 구성되는 다단계 반응 순서를 이용하여 폴리에틸렌 조성물을 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 상기 방법은 제 1 단계에서 에틸렌 및 임의로 수소 및 공단량체가 루으프 반응기 내의 에틸렌 중합반응 촉매 및 보조촉매 존재하의 저융점 탄화수소 매질중에서 중합반응하고 [이때 체류 시간 및 반응 온도는 상기 방법의 최종 생성물로부터 상기 반응기 내에서 제조되는 에틸렌 중합제의 비율이 1-20 중량%가 되도록 선택하며], 상기 단계로부터 제거된 반응 혼합물을 제 2 단계로 이전하고, 여기서 에틸렌, 수소 및 임의의 불활성 탄화수소, 공단량체 및 촉매를 첨가하므로써 루으프 반응기 내에서 중합반응을 계속하고, 이때 체류 시간은 10분 이상으로 하며, 반응 혼합물을 루으프 반응기로부터 제거하고, 반응 매질의 적어도 실질적인 부분을 제거하고, 첨가된 에틸렌 및 임의의 수소, 공단량체 및 보조촉매 존재하의 기체상 반응기에서 중합반응이 수헹되는 제 3 단계로 그 중합체를 이전시키는 하나 이상의 연속적인 반응 순서를 포함한다. The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyethylene compositions using a multistage reaction sequence consisting of continuous liquid and gas phase polymerization in the presence of a catalyst system consisting of an ethylene polymerization catalyst and a cocatalyst. The process involves the ethylene and optionally hydrogen and comonomers polymerized in a first step in a low melting hydrocarbon medium in the presence of an ethylene polymerization catalyst and a cocatalyst in the Rufff reactor, wherein the residence time and reaction temperature are determined from the final product of the process. Wherein the proportion of ethylene polymer prepared in the reactor is 1-20% by weight], and the reaction mixture removed from the step is transferred to the second step, where ethylene, hydrogen and any inert hydrocarbon, comonomer And continuing the polymerization in the loop reactor by adding a catalyst, with a residence time of at least 10 minutes, removing the reaction mixture from the loop reactor, removing at least a substantial portion of the reaction medium, adding ethylene and The polymerization may be carried out in a gas phase reactor in the presence of any hydrogen, comonomer and cocatalyst. Includes one or more consecutive reactions in order to transfer the polymer to the third step.

制备聚乙烯的方法

在由依次液相和气相聚合反应组成的多阶段反应序列中在乙烯聚合催化剂和助催化剂的催化体系存在下制备聚乙烯组合物的方法。该方法包括至少一个连续反应序列，其中在第一步中乙烯和任意性的氢气和共聚单体在环式反应器中在乙烯聚合催化剂和助催化剂存在下在低沸点烃介质中进行聚合反应，停留时间和反应温度使得在这一反应器中形成的乙烯聚合物占本方法最终产物的比例是1-20wt%，从这一步骤排出的反应混合物被转移至第二步中，在第二步中通过添加乙烯，氢气和任意性的惰性烃，共聚单体和助催化剂在环式反应器中继续进行聚合，停留时间是至少10分钟，从环式反应器中排出反应混合物，至少主要部分的反应介质被脱出并将聚合物转移至第三步中，在第三步中在添加的乙烯和任意性的氢气、共聚单体和助催化剂存在下在气相反应器中进行聚合。

Process for preparing polyethylene

Process for preparing polyethylene

A process for producing polyethylene compositions in the presence of polymerizing catalytic system of ethylene catalyst and cocatalyst in a multistage reaction sequence consisting of successive liquid phase and gas phase polymerizations. The process comprises at least one continuous reaction sequence, in which in the first step ethylene and optionally hydrogen and comonomer are polymerized in a loop reactor in a low boiling hydrocarbon medium in the presence of ethylene polymerizing catalyst and cocatalyst, the residence time and reaction temperature being such that the proportion of the ethylene polymer produced in the reactor from the end product of the process is between 1- 20 wt.%, the reaction mixture removed from the step is transferred to second step where polymerization is continued in a loop reactor by adding ethylene, hydrogen and optionally inert hydrocarbon, comonomers and cocatalysts, the residence time being at least 10 minutes, the reaction mixture is removed from the loop reactor, at least an essential part of the reaction medium is removed and the polymer transferred to a third step where polymerizing is carried out in a gas phase reactor in the presence of added ethylene and optionally hydrogen, comonomers and cocatalysts.

Process for preparing polyethylene

In the present invention there is disclosed a process for producing polyethylene compositions in the presence of a catalytic system of ethylene polymerization catalyst and cocatalyst in a multistage continuous reaction sequence consisting of successive liquid phase and gas phase polymerizations. This preparation process comprises at least one continuous reaction sequence in the first step of which, ethylene and optionally hydrogen and co-monomer are polymerized in a first loop reactor in a low boiling hydrocarbon medium in the presence of ethylene polymerization catalyst and cocatalyst, whereby dwell time and reaction temperature being such that the proportion of the ethylene polymer produced in the first loop reactor is between 1 to 20 percent by weight, based on this process end product total weight. Subsequently the reaction mixture removed from this stage is transferred to a second loop reactor where polymerization is continued by adding ethylene, hydrogen and optionally inert hydrocarbon, co-monomer and cocatalyst, whereby residence time in this type of reactor being at least 10 minutes. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is removed from the second loop reactor along with an essential part of the reaction medium and transferred to a third step carried out in a gas phase reactor where polymerization is continued in the presence of added ethylene and optionally hydrogen, co-monomers and co-catalysts to form an end product.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYETHYLENE

Proceso para preparar polietileno.

UN PROCEDIMIENTO PARA PRODUCIR COMPOSICIONES DE POLIETILENO EN PRESENCIA DE UN SISTEMA CATALITICO DE CATALIZADOR Y COCATALIZADOR DE POLIMERIZACION DE ETILENO EN UNA SECUENCIA DE REACCION MULTIETAPA QUE CONSISTE EN POLIMERIZACIONES SUCESIVAS DE FASE LIQUIDA Y FASE GASEOSA. EL PROCEDIMIENTOS COMPRENDE AL MENOS UNA SECUENCIA DE REACCION CONTINUA, DONDE EN EL PRIMER PASO SE POLIMERIZAN ETILENO Y OPCIONALMENTE HIDROGENO Y COMONOMERO EN UN REACTOR DE BUCLE EN UN MEDIO DE HIDROCARBURO DE BAJO PUNTO DE EBULLICION EN PRESENCIA DE CATALIZADOR Y COCATALIZADOR DE POLIMERIZACION DE ETILENO, SIENDO EL TIEMPO DE RESIDENCIA Y LA TEMPERATURA DE REACCION TALES QUE LA PROPORCION DEL POLIMERO DE ETILENO PRODUCIDO EN EL REACTOR DEL PRODUCTO FINAL DEL PROCEDIMIENTO SEA ENTRE EL 1 Y EL 20 % EN PESO. LA MEZCLA DE REACCION RETIRADA EN EL PRIMER PASO SE TRANSFIERE AL SEGUNDO PASO DONDE SE CONTINUA LA POLIMERIZACION EN UN REACTOR EN BUCLE AÑADIENDO ETILENO, HIDROGENO Y OPCIONALMENTE HIDROCARBURO INERTE, COMONOMEROS YCOCATALIZADORES, SIENDO EL TIEMPO DE RESIDENCIA AL MENOS DE 10 MINUTOS. LA MEZCLA DE REACCION SE RETIRA DEL REACTOR EN BUCLE, AL MENOS UNA PARTE ESENCIAL DEL MEDIO DE REACCION SE RETIRA TAMBIEN Y EL POLIMERO SE TRANSFIERE AL TERCER PASO DONDE SE REALIZA LA POLIMERIZACION EN UN REACTOR DE FASE GASEOSA EN PRESENCIA DE ETILENO AÑADIDO Y OPCIONALMENTE HIDROGENO, COMONOMEROS Y COCATALIZADORES.