СПОСОБ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭКЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИИ И УСТРОЙСТВО, ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННОЕ ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к способу регулирования экзотермической реакции. Способ включает стадии: i) проведение экзотермической реакции в реакторе (1) с получением продукта, ii) измерение температуры и/или давления в реакторе, и iii) введение инертного продукта, уже полученного ранее в экзотермической реакции, в реактор (1) из контейнера для хранения (8), если температура и/или давление превышает(ют) критическую(ие) величину(ы), где инертный продукт представляет собой жидкий продукт и его теплота парообразования используется для понижения температуры реактора. Также изобретение относится к устройству. Использование предлагаемого изобретения позволяет предотвратить значительное число неконтролируемых реакций, при этом не требует остановки реактора и его чистки. 2 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 554 865 C2 (51) МПК B01J 8/00 (2006.01) C07C 2/08 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2010140901/04, 06.10.2010 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 06.10.2010 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): ВЕЛЛЕНХОФЕР Антон (DE), МЮЛЛЕР Вольфганг (DE), ВЕЛЬ Анина (DE) 07.10.2009 EP 09012680.6 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.04.2012 Бюл. № 11 R U (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЛИНДЕ АКЦИЕНГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ (DE) (45) Опубликовано: 27.06.2015 Бюл. № 18 A2, 03.10.1979. GB 680605 A, 08.10.1952. DE 4338414 C1, 16.03.1995. RU 2000112912 A, 10.06.2002 . RU 2005115066 A, 20.01.2006 2 5 5 4 8 6 5 R U (54) СПОСОБ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭКЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИИ И УСТРОЙСТВО, ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННОЕ ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к способу продукт представляет собой жидкий продукт и регулирования экзотермической реакции. Способ его теплота парообразования используется для включает стадии: i) проведение экзотермической понижения температуры реактора. Также реакции в реакторе (1) с получением продукта, ii) изобретение относится к устройству. измерение ...

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЙ ПРИ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЧАСТИЦ ПОЛИОЛЕФИНОВ

FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat transfer in a polymerisation reactor system. Described is a method which involves contacting an olefin with a catalyst in a polymerisation reactor. At least a portion of the olefin is polymerised to form an alpha-olefin reaction product, followed by detecting conditions in the polymerisation reactor, determining the average temperature of at least one olefin product particle based on the condition, determining the operating temperature of the particles using the fouling curve, comparing the average temperature of the polymer particle with the threshold of the working temperature of the particles, changing one or more operating parameters in response to the comparison and maintaining the average temperature of at least one olefin polymer particle not higher than the threshold of the working temperature of the particles in response to variation of one or more operating parameters. Alpha-olefin reaction product contains a plurality of olefin polymer particles, and the polymerisation reactor contains a reaction mixture which contains an olefin, a catalyst, a diluent and an alpha-olefin reaction product. EFFECT: systems and methods are useful for selecting operating conditions of polymerisation in a polymerisation reactor, which enables to control temperature of the polymerisation process. 26 cl, 8 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 708 889 C2 (51) МПК C08F 2/00 (2006.01) B01J 19/00 (2006.01) B01J 19/18 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C08F 2/00 (2019.08); C08F 2/14 (2019.08); B01J 19/0013 (2019.08); B01J 19/002 (2019.08); B01J 19/1837 (2019.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017127030, 25.01.2016 25.01.2016 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ШЕВРОН ФИЛЛИПС КЕМИКАЛ КОМПАНИ ЭлПи (US) Дата регистрации: 12.12.2019 28.01.2015 US 14/607,720 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 28.02.2019 Бюл. № 7 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 206/0045823 A1 ...

Patent RU2017127030A3

7 ВУ"” 2017127030” АЗ Дата публикации: 29.04.2019 Форма № 18 ИЗПМ-2011 Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение 5 «Федеральный институт промышленной собственности» (ФИПС) ОТЧЕТ О ПОИСКЕ 1. . ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАЯВКИ Регистрационный номер Дата подачи 2017127030/04(046564) 25.01.2016 РСТ/О$2016/014719 25.01.2016 Приоритет установлен по дате: [ ] подачи заявки [ ] поступления дополнительных материалов от к ранее поданной заявке № [ ] приоритета по первоначальной заявке № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи первоначальной заявки № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи ранее поданной заявки № [Х] подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) в государстве-участнике Парижской конвенции (31) Номер первой(ых) заявки(ок) (32) Дата подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) (33) Код страны 1. 14/607,720 28.01.2015 05 Название изобретения (полезной модели): [Х] - как заявлено; [ ] - уточненное (см. Примечания) УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЙ ПРИ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЧАСТИЦ ПОЛИОЛЕФИНОВ Заявитель: ШЕВРОН ФИЛЛИПС КЕМИКАЛ КОМПАНИ ЭлПИи, 05 2. ЕДИНСТВО ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ [Х] соблюдено [ ] не соблюдено. Пояснения: см. Примечания 3. ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ: [Х] приняты во внимание все пункты (см. Примечания) [ ] приняты во внимание следующие пункты: [ ] принята во внимание измененная формула изобретения (см. Примечания) 4. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ (ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ) (Указываются индексы МПК и индикатор текущей версии) СОЗЕ 2/00 (2006.01) ВО1. 19/00 (2006.01) ВО1. 19/18 (2006.01) 5. ОБЛАСТЬ ПОИСКА 5.1 Проверенный минимум документации РСТ (указывается индексами МПК) СОЗЕ 2/00 Во11 19/00 ВО11 19/18 5.2 Другая проверенная документация в той мере, в какой она включена в поисковые подборки: 5.3 Электронные базы данных, использованные при поиске (название базы, и если, возможно, поисковые термины): Езрасепе, Соозе, Раеагсв, КОРТО 6. ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ПРЕДМЕТУ ПОИСКА Кате- Наименование документа с указанием (где необходимо) частей, Относится к гория* ...

VORRICHTUNG ZUR UV-BEHANDLUNG VON STRÖMENDEN FLUIDEN

Gaseous fuel CPOX reformers and methods of CPOX reforming

A gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen- rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of a CPOX reaction zone of a CPOX reactor unit can include a hydrogen barrier. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters, and a source of gaseous reformable fuel.

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

An integrated gaseous fuel or vaporized liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell system includes a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units. Each reactor unit includes and elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces. The wall encloses an open gaseous flow passageway. At least a portion of the wall has CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow a gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The CPOX reformer to convey the gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to the inlet of each of the CPOX reactor units. A vaporizer can be positioned within the conduit to form the CPOX reaction mixture.

CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH MANIFOLD FOR MANAGEMENT OF A FLOW OF GASEOUS REACTION MEDIUM THERETO

A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ALUMINUM, WATER, AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE AS CATALYST

The process for producing hydrogen gas according to the present invention consists of reacting aluminum with water in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also described. The apparatus comprises an expandable container wherein the pressure and temperature of the reaction causes the container to expand and contract to control the degree of immersion of a fuel cartridge in water and consequently to control the intensity and duration of the reaction.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ALUMINUM, WATER, AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE AS CATALYST

The method for producing hydrogen according to the present invention consists of reacting aluminum with water in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The apparatus for carrying out the method uses the pressure and temperature of the reaction to control the degree of immersion of a fuel cartridge in water and consequently to control the vigor and duration of the reaction.

СПОСОБ УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ РЕАКЦИИ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ПУТЁМ ОТБОРА И АНАЛИЗА ПРОБЫ

Изобретение относится к устройству для отбора и анализа пробы из реактора полимеризации, включающему один или более чем один трубопровод (2) для проб для отбора пробы из указанного реактора и для проведения указанной пробы в один или более чем один испарительный резервуар (3) для проб, причем каждый указанный трубопровод соединен с указанным реактором (19) и каждый из них снабжен одним или более чем одним клапаном (4, 5) для отбора проб; один или более чем один испарительный резервуар (3) для проб для разделения указанных твердых частиц и испарившегося газа, причем указанные испарительные резервуары для проб соединены с указанными трубопроводами (2) и снабжены средствами (7) для анализа указанного испарившегося газа. Устройство также включает один или более чем один приемник (6) для проб для очистки указанных твердых частиц, причем указанные приемники соединены с указанными испарительными резервуарами (3) для проб и снабжены средствами (8) для анализа указанных твердых частиц. Изобретение ...

РЕАКТОР СИНТЕЗА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ТИПА БАРБОТАЖНОЙ КОЛОННЫ И СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ УРОВНЯ СУСПЕНЗИИ

Предлагается реактор синтеза углеводородов типа барботажной колонны, который синтезирует углеводородное соединение с помощью химической реакции синтез-газа, включающего в себя водород и моноксид углерода в качестве основных компонентов, и суспензии, содержащей частицы твердого катализатора, суспендированные в жидкости. Данный реактор синтеза углеводородов включает в себя основное тело реактора, которое вмещает суспензию, секцию подачи синтез-газа, которая подает синтез-газ в суспензию; один датчик давления, который расположен выше, чем уровень жидкости суспензии, чтобы измерять давление синтез-газа над уровнем жидкости, другой датчик давления, который расположен ниже, чем уровень жидкости суспензии, чтобы измерять давление в суспензии, и устройство определения уровня жидкости, которое определяет положение уровня жидкости суспензии на основании результатов измерений данных датчиков давления. Множество других датчиков давления обеспечено с произвольными интервалами в аксиальном направлении ...

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО И ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОЛИЭФИРНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ С ПЕРЕМЕННОЙ РЕГУЛИРУЕМОЙ ВЯЗКОСТЬЮ, ОСНАЩЕННЫЙ СИСТЕМОЙ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ГИДРОПРИВОДА(ОВ)

В заявке описано устройство для непрерывной дегазации продуктов реакции карбоновой кислоты или дикарбоновых кислот с полифункциональным спиртом, которое может использоваться для доведения характеристической вязкости продукта до 0,9 дл/г. Продукт на входе в реактор перед стеканием в его нижнюю часть распределяется щелевыми соплами по поверхности реакции во входной зоне, при этом предусмотренное устройство для захвата продукта обеспечивает дополнительное проактивное создание необходимой реакционно-активной поверхности продукта. Реактор состоит из нескольких реакционных зон, в каждой из которых предусмотрено по отдельному ротору, которые приводятся во вращение собственными гидроприводами, расположенными снаружи реактора. При этом для управления реакцией продукта с целью получения продукта с заданными свойствами и необходимого качества используются измеряемые параметры, характеризующие работу гидроприводов. Реактор имеет одно или несколько разгрузочных устройств для отбора продукта в зависимости ...

METHOD OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE POLYMERIZATION REACTION OF SELECTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TEST

СПОСОБ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕАКЦИЕЙ РИФОРМИНГА ПУТЕМ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ТРУБОК РИФОРМЕРА И МОДИФИКАЦИИ РАБОЧИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ

Изобретение относится к способу управления реакцией парового риформинга углеводородов, проводимого в камере, содержащей горелки и трубки, причем указанные трубки наполнены катализаторами и через них может пропускаться смесь углеводородов и пара, при этом горелки расположены с возможностью передачи тепла от сгорания в них смеси углеводородов и пара через стенки трубок, при этом измеряют температуру Т стенок каждой трубки в нижней части трубки, и если по меньшей мере для одной трубки измеренная температура Т оказывается равной или превышает значение МОТ (DTT - 15°С, где DTT - расчетная температура измеряемой трубки), то рабочие параметры процесса риформинга изменяют таким образом, чтобы снизить измеренную температуру Т этой трубки до значения ниже МОТ.

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО И ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОЛИЭФИРНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ С ПЕРЕМЕННОЙ РЕГУЛИРУЕМОЙ ВЯЗКОСТЬЮ, ОСНАЩЁННЫЙ СИСТЕМОЙ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ГИДРОПРИВОДА(ОВ)

В заявке описано устройство для непрерывной дегазации продуктов реакции карбоновой кислоты или дикарбоновых кислот с полифункциональным спиртом, которое может использоваться для доведения характеристической вязкости продукта до 0,9 дл/г. Продукт на входе в реактор перед стеканием в его нижнюю часть распределяется щелевыми соплами по поверхности реакции во входной зоне, при этом предусмотренное устройство для захвата продукта обеспечивает дополнительное проактивное создание необходимой реакционно-активной поверхности продукта. Реактор состоит из нескольких реакционных зон, в каждой из которых предусмотрено по отдельному ротору, которые приводятся во вращение собственными гидроприводами, расположенными снаружи реактора. При этом для управления реакцией продукта с целью получения продукта с заданными свойствами и необходимого качества используются измеряемые параметры, характеризующие работу гидроприводов. Реактор имеет одно или несколько разгрузочных устройств для отбора продукта в зависимости ...

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКИМИ РЕАКТОРАМИ

Способ управления одним или более химическими реакторами (12), в котором каждый химический реактор определяет первые потоковые каналы (15) для химического реакционного процесса, расположенные в непосредственной близости ко вторым потоковым каналам (16) для теплопередачи, и каждый химический реактор обеспечен соединениями для текучих сред для получения потоков соответствующих текучих сред через первые потоковые каналы и вторые потоковые каналы; при этом способ включает в себя этапы: выключение потоков текучих сред по меньшей мере через один из первых потоковых каналов и вторых потоковых каналов; последующее изменение соединений для текучих сред и вслед за этим повторное открытие соединений для текучих сред. В химический реакционный процесс, проводимый в реакторах, никаких изменений не вносится. Изменения в соединениях для текучих сред являются предпочтительно такими, чтобы достигнуть изменения направления потока на противоположное. Это может включать в себя поворот реактора (12) на 180° ...

METHOD FOR MANAGING A CHEMICAL PROCESS

기체 연료 촉매 부분산화 개질 장치 및 촉매 부분산화 개질 방법

... 본 발명의 기체 연료 촉매 부분 산화(CPOX) 개질장치는 복수의 또는 이격된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들의 어레이를 포함할 수 있다. 각 반응기 유닛은 내부 표면과 외부 표면이 있는 벽을 가지는 세장관을 포함하며, 상기 벽은 개구형 기체 플로우 통로를 둘러싸고, CPOX 촉매가 상기 벽의 적어도 하나의 섹션에 배치되거나 그 구조를 포함하여 구성된다. 상기 촉매-포함 벽 구조 및 이에 의해 둘러싸인 개구형 기체 플로우 통로는 기상 CPOX 반응구역을 구획하고, 상기 촉매-포함 벽 섹션은 기체 CPOX 반응 혼합물을 그 내부에서 확산하고 생성 수소-풍부 리포메이트를 그 외부로 확산하는 것을 허용하는 기체-투과성이다. CPOX 반응기 유닛의 CPOX 반응구역의 적어도 외부 표면은 수소 배리어를 포함할 수 있다. 상기 기체 연료 CPOX 개질장치는 또한 하나 이상의 점화기와, 기체 개질가능 연료 공급원을 포함할 수 있다.

method of operating a gas phase reactor at or near the maximum production rates while controls the viscosity of the [...]

MANUFACTURING APPARATUS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SOLID PARTICLE

The apparatus for manufacturing solid particles at a nano level includes a chamber for isolation from an external space, a monoaxial rotary disk disposed in the chamber, a receiving surface at one end of the rotary disk, a material supply mechanism for supplying the material to the receiving surface, a rotary mechanism for applying a centrifugal force to the rotary disk so that the raw material supplied to the receiving surface is produced into a thin film and atomized and scattered from the outer peripheral edge, and a control mechanism for the temperature in the chamber that controls the temperature at least at the outer peripheral edge of the receiving surface and on the side nearer to the center of rotation to a temperature lower than a volatilization temperature of a volatile solvent and the temperature at the outer side therefrom to the volatilization temperature of the volatile solvent or higher.

DEVICE FOR THE UV TREATMENT OF FLOWING FLUIDS

Bubbling tower hydrocarbon reactor and method of detecting slurry surface level

Chemical reactor with manifold for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto

A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.

Liquid fuel CPOX reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity

Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell systems (467) can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit (408) including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer (415), one or more igniters (435), and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the ...

Liquid fuel CPOX reformers and methods of CPOX reforming

A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408'), each reactor unit (408') including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409'), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer (415'), one or more igniters (435'), and a source of liquid reformable fuel.

TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR POLYMERIZING PARTICULATE POLYOLEFIN

A method is described that includes contacting an olefin with a catalyst in a polymerization reactor, polymerizing at least a portion of the olefin to form an alpha olefin reaction product, detecting a condition within the polymerization reactor, determining an average temperature of at least one olefin product particle based on the condition, determining an operating particle temperature threshold using a foul curve, comparing the average temperature of the polymer particle to the operating particle temperature threshold, changing one or more operating parameters in response to the comparing, and maintaining the average temperature of the olefin polymer particle at or below the operating particle temperature threshold in response to changing the one or more operating parameters. The alpha olefin reaction product includes a plurality of olefin polymer particles, and the polymerization reactor includes a reaction mixture that includes the olefin, the catalyst, a diluent, and the alpha olefin reaction product.

BUBBLE COLUMN TYPE HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS REACTOR, AND SLURRY LEVEL DETECTING METHOD

There is provided a bubble column type hydrocarbon synthesis reactor which synthesizes a hydrocarbon compound by a chemical reaction of a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components, and a slurry having solid catalyst particles suspended in liquid. The hydrocarbon synthesis reactor includes a reactor main body which accommodates the slurry, a synthesis gas supplying section which supplies the synthesis gas to the slurry; one pressure sensor which is arranged higher than the liquid level of the slurry to measure the pressure of the synthesis gas above the liquid level, another pressure sensor which is arranged lower than the liquid level of the slurry to measure the pressure of the slurry, and a liquid level detecting device which detects a liquid level position of the slurry on the basis of measurement results of the pressure sensors. A plurality of the other pressure sensors are provided at arbitrary intervals in an axial direction of the reactor main body.

GASEOUS FUEL CPOX REFORMERS AND METHODS OF CPOX REFORMING

A gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen- rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of a CPOX reaction zone of a CPOX reactor unit can include a hydrogen barrier. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters, and a source of gaseous reformable fuel.

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell systems (467) can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit (408) including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer (415), one or more igniters (435), and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the ...

СПОСОБ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕАКЦИЕЙ РИФОРМИНГА ПУТЕМ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ТРУБОК РИФОРМЕРА И МОДИФИКАЦИИ РАБОЧИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ

Изобретение относится к способу управления реакцией парового риформинга углеводородов, проводимого в камере, содержащей горелки и трубки, причем указанные трубки наполнены катализаторами, и через них может пропускаться смесь углеводородов и пара, при этом горелки расположены с возможностью передачи тепла от сгорания в них смеси углеводородов и пара через стенки трубок, при этом измеряют температуру Т стенок каждой трубки в нижней части трубки, и если по меньшей мере для одной трубки измеренная температура Т оказывается равной или превышает значение МОТ (DTT - 15°С), где DTT - расчетная температура измеряемой трубки, то рабочие параметры процесса риформинга изменяют таким образом, чтобы снизить измеренную температуру Т этой трубки до значения ниже МОТ.

РЕАКТОР СИНТЕЗА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ТИПА БАРБОТАЖНОЙ КОЛОННЫ И СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ УРОВНЯ СУСПЕНЗИИ

Предлагается реактор синтеза углеводородов типа барботажной колонны, который синтезирует углеводородное соединение с помощью химической реакции синтез-газа, включающего в себя водород и моноксид углерода в качестве основных компонентов, и суспензии, содержащей частицы твердого катализатора, суспендированные в жидкости. Данный реактор синтеза углеводородов включает в себя основное тело реактора, которое вмещает суспензию, секцию подачи синтез-газа, которая подает синтез-газ в суспензию; один датчик давления, который расположен выше, чем уровень жидкости суспензии, чтобы измерять давление синтез-газа над уровнем жидкости, другой датчик давления, который расположен ниже, чем уровень жидкости суспензии, чтобы измерять давление в суспензии, и устройство определения уровня жидкости, которое определяет положение уровня жидкости суспензии на основании результатов измерений данных датчиков давления. Множество других датчиков давления обеспечено с произвольными интервалами в аксиальном направлении ...

기체 연료 촉매 부분산화 개질 장치 및 촉매 부분산화 개질 방법

... 본 발명의 기체 연료 촉매 부분 산화(CPOX) 개질장치는 복수의 또는 이격된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들의 어레이를 포함할 수 있다. 각 반응기 유닛은 내부 표면과 외부 표면이 있는 벽을 가지는 세장관을 포함하며, 상기 벽은 개구형 기체 플로우 통로를 둘러싸고, CPOX 촉매가 상기 벽의 적어도 하나의 섹션에 배치되거나 그 구조를 포함하여 구성된다. 상기 촉매-포함 벽 구조 및 이에 의해 둘러싸인 개구형 기체 플로우 통로는 기상 CPOX 반응구역을 구획하고, 상기 촉매-포함 벽 섹션은 기체 CPOX 반응 혼합물을 그 내부에서 확산하고 생성 수소-풍부 리포메이트를 그 외부로 확산하는 것을 허용하는 기체-투과성이다. CPOX 반응기 유닛의 CPOX 반응구역의 적어도 외부 표면은 수소 배리어를 포함할 수 있다. 상기 기체 연료 CPOX 개질장치는 또한 하나 이상의 점화기와, 기체 개질가능 연료 공급원을 포함할 수 있다.

REACTOR FOR THE CONTINUOUS AND SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT POLYESTER PRODUCTS HAVING ADJUSTABLE VARIABLE VISCOSITY, THE PROGRESS OF THE PROCESS BEING REGULATED VIA THE HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEM/S

The invention relates to a device for continuously degasifying reaction products of a carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid with a multifunctional alcohol, which can be used for creating intrinsic viscosities of up to 0.9 dl/g. The product is distributed onto the reaction area located in the inlet section via slot nozzles (16) at the inlet into the reactor before running down to the bottom while required reaction surface of the product is additionally created in a proactive manner by means of a product receiving device (17). The inventive reactor is composed of several reaction zones which are driven by separately operated rotors encompassing associated hydraulic systems, respectively, said hydraulic systems being installed outside the reactor. Measurable variables from the mode of operation of the hydraulic systems are used for controlling the reaction of the product in order to influence the obtention of predefined product parameters and qualities. The reactor is provided with one or several ...

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF NONRADIOACTIVE AND STABLE ISOTOPE OF CARBON HAVING MASS NUMBER OF 13

Disclosed is a method for producing a nonradioactive and stable isotope 13C by using a widely-used hydrocarbon compound as a raw material without producing any radioactive waste. The method uses a carbon compound as a raw material, and comprises reacting the carbon compound in the presence of hydrogen, a sulfur compound and a reaction catalyst at 500 to 1000 °C, thereby producing 13C .

Method for reaction control of exothermic reaction and apparatus therefore

The present invention relates to a method for reaction control of an exothermic reaction, comprising the steps: i) carrying out an exothermic reaction in a reactor containing a reaction medium comprising educt, catalyst, and optionally solvent and/or product, ii) measuring temperature and/or pressure in and/or at the reactor by means of sensor(s), iii) introducing an oxidizing catalyst poison into the reactor, if temperature and/or pressure measured exceed(s) predetermined value(s); as well as to an apparatus for carrying out an exothermic reaction.

DEVICE FOR THE UV TREATMENT OF FLOWING FLUIDS

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes can be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements can be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements can be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit can be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ГАЗОФАЗНОГО РЕАКТОРА ПРИ МАКСИМАЛЬНЫХ ИЛИ БЛИЗКИХ К НИМ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТЯХ ПРИ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОМ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ ЛИПКОСТИ ПОЛИМЕРА

1. Способ эксплуатации газофазного реактора при максимальных или близких к ним производительностях в условиях конденсационного режима реактора, включающий: ! a) подачу мономеров и, по меньшей мере, одного катализатора в газофазный реактор для получения полимерных частиц; ! b) подачу, по меньшей мере, одного индуцирующего конденсацию агента (ИКА) в газофазный реактор; ! c) замер и обработку звуковых излучений полимерных частиц в газофазном реакторе; и ! d) управление реактором при максимальной или близкой к ней производительности по заданному полимеру путем замера звуковых излучений, так что, когда звуковые излучения отклоняются от звуковых излучений стационарного состояния реактора, производящего тот же самый заданный полимер, более чем на одно (отрицательное) стандартное отклонение, управление включает в себя корректирующие воздействия, включающие корректировку одного из концентрации ИКА, концентрации сомономера, температуры реактора или их комбинаций, ! при этом обработка сигнала включает арифметическое усреднение, использующее сигнал звукового излучения, отобранный во временном окне в интервале 0,01-1000 с, где частота выборки находится в интервале от 0,01 до 1000 выборок в с. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором, по меньшей мере, один датчик звукового излучения (ДЗИ) расположен на внешней стороне цилиндрического участка реактора, в месте на цилиндрическом участке между точкой выше распределительной тарелки реактора и/или ниже цилиндрически-конического перехода реактора. ! 3. Способ по п.2, в котором, по меньшей мере, один ДЗИ помещен на внешней стороне реактора в точке, которая исключает первые 0,25 диаметра реактора выше распре РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2008 114 399 (13) A (51) МПК C08F 10/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21), (22) Заявка: 2008114399/04, 15.08.2006 (71) Заявитель(и): ЮНИВЕЙШН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи (US) (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 14.09.2005 US 11/227,710 ( ...

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЙ ПРИ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЧАСТИЦ ПОЛИОЛЕФИНОВ

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2017 127 030 A (51) МПК C08F 2/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2017127030, 25.01.2016 (71) Заявитель(и): ШЕВРОН ФИЛЛИПС КЕМИКАЛ КОМПАНИ ЭлПи (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 28.01.2015 US 14/607,720 07 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 28.08.2017 US 2016/014719 (25.01.2016) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: A WO 2016/123018 (04.08.2016) Адрес для переписки: 119019, Москва, Гоголевский б-р, 11, этаж 3, "Гоулинг ВЛГ (Интернэшнл) Инк.", Угрюмов Владислав Михайлович R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Способ полимеризации, включающий: контактирование олефина с катализатором в реакторе полимеризации; полимеризацию по меньшей мере части олефина с образованием альфа-олефинового продукта реакции, причем альфа-олефиновый продукт реакции находится в виде множества частиц олефинового полимера, при этом реактор полимеризации содержит реакционную смесь, содержащую олефин, катализатор, разбавитель и альфа-олефиновый продукт реакции; обнаружение, с помощью датчика, условия в реакторе полимеризации; определение, с помощью процессора, средней температуры по меньшей мере одной частицы олефинового полимера из множества частиц олефинового полимера на основании условия; определение порога рабочей температуры частиц с использованием кривой обрастания; сравнение, с помощью процессора, средней температуры по меньшей мере одной частицы олефинового полимера с порогом рабочей температуры частиц; изменение одного или более рабочих параметров в ответ на сравнение; и поддержание средней температуры по меньшей мере одной частицы олефинового полимера не выше порога рабочей температуры частиц в ответ на изменение одного Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 7 1 2 7 0 3 0 (54) УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЙ ПРИ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЧАСТИЦ ПОЛИОЛЕФИНОВ 2 0 1 7 1 2 7 0 3 0 (86) Заявка PCT: R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 28.02.2019 Бюл. № (72) Автор(ы): ХОТТОВИ Джон Д. (US), ХЕНДРИКСОН ...

DEVICE FOR PRODUCTION AND INVESTIGATION OF CLATHRATHYDRAT

Method and device for controlling the capacity between two electrodes in a gas

Integrated gaseous fuel CPOX reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity

Integrated gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell (467) systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters (435), and a source of gaseous reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the gaseous fuel CPOX reformer ...

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMERS AND METHODS OF CPOX REFORMING

A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408'), each reactor unit (408') including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409'), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer (415'), one or more igniters (435'), and a source of liquid reformable fuel.

DUAL UTILIZATION LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL REFORMER AND METHOD OF REFORMING

A dual utilization liquid and gaseous fuel CPOX reformer that includes reaction zones for the CPOX reforming of liquid and gaseous reformable fuels. A reforming method is also provided. The method comprises reforming a first gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and vaporized liquid fuel and before or after this step, reforming second gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen~containing gas and gaseous fuel to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.

Electrical heating to assist exothermic oxidation and endothermic pyrolysis reactions at high temperatures in a continuous flow hydrocarbon reforming reactor

The exothermic reaction is assisted by an electrical heater, raising the temperature in one zone of the reactor to up to 1250 deg C. The high temperature zone of the reactor contains a solid body (8) which is hot enough to ensure both a quick reaction and favorable thermodynamic conditions for the reactions to be achieved in a relatively small reformer. The exothermic reaction is assisted by an electrical heater, raising the temperature in one zone of the reactor to up to 1250 deg C. The high temperature zone of the reactor contains a solid body (8) which is hot enough to ensure both a quick reaction and favorable thermodynamic conditions for the reactions to be achieved in a relatively small reformer. The solid body is made of granular and/or porous refractory material, such as mineral or synthetic grains, metal wires or rods, or a metal or ceramic honeycomb. The material acts as a contact surface for the pyrolysis and/or partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon. The reactor contains an internal heat exchanger to increase the temperature in the reaction zone and of the body. The intrinsic inefficiency of the exchanger is corrected by adding heat which can be rapidly controlled by a local supply of electrical energy using the Joule effect as the electrical current passes across a resistance placed in the zone and the body. The heat exchanger also cools the flow leaving the body in the tube (2) and the surface of the exchanger is augmented by a structure (12) which may be in the form of conducting fins. The energy exchange is also increased by the turbulence around entering and leaving fluids. Thermal insulation (13) is placed around the reactor to conserve heat so the reactor can operate in quasi adiabatic conditions. The reactor is tubular, approximately 0.25 m diameter and 3 m high, and able to resist pressures of up to 4MPa.

Controlling steam reforming reaction of hydrocarbons implementing combustion chamber, comprises filling tubes with catalysts and arranging burners to transfer heat of the hydrocarbon and steam mixture combustion through tube wall

The method for controlling steam reforming reaction of hydrocarbons implementing a combustion chamber comprising burners and tubes (1, 1', 1''), filling the tubes with catalysts, arranging the burners for transferring the heat of the hydrocarbon and steam mixture combustion through the wall of the tubes, and measuring the wall temperature of each tube in the downstream part of the tube using a pyrometer. The measured temperature is greater than or equal to DTT-15[deg] C, where the DTT is the design temperature of the measured tube. The method for controlling steam reforming reaction of hydrocarbons implementing a combustion chamber comprising burners and tubes (1, 1', 1''), filling the tubes with catalysts, arranging the burners for transferring the heat of the hydrocarbon and steam mixture combustion through the wall of the tubes, and measuring the wall temperature of each tube in the downstream part of the tube using a pyrometer. The measured temperature is greater than or equal to DTT-15[deg] C, where the DTT is the design temperature of the measured tube. The tubes are able to be passed by the hydrocarbon and the steam mixture. The wall temperature of each tube is measured at least once a month. Operating parameters of the reforming process is modified to reduce the measured temperature of the tube to a value of less than DTT-15[deg] C. The wall temperature is deducted from the value Tm indicated by the pyrometer when the pyrometer is directed towards the tube wall and from the average temperature (Tw) of the wall of the combustion chamber near the tube, which is given in the specification. Six measurements of temperature are carried out on the wall of the combustion chamber on both sides of the tube by pointing the pyrometer on the wall situated behind the tube, in which first measurements (31, 41) take place at the top of the both sides of the tube, second measurements (32, 42) take place on top and at the vertical of the first ...

CHEMICAL REACTOR OPERATION

A method of operation of one or more chemical reactors (12), wherein each chemical reactor defines first flow channels (15) for a chemical reaction process in proximity to second flow channels (16) for heat transfer, and each chemical reactor is provided with fluid connections for bringing about flows of respective fluids through the first flow channels and the second flow channels, involves the steps of shutting down the flows of fluids through at least one of the first flow channels and the second flow channels, and then changing the fluid connections, and then reopening the fluid connections. There is no change in the chemical reaction process performed by the reactors. The change to the fluid connections is preferably such as to achieve a flow reversal. This may involve turning the reactor (12) itself around, or changing the arrangement of ducts connected to the reactor. This changes the thermal stress distribution within the reactor, and can consequently increase the reactor's operational ...

CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH MANIFOLD FOR MANAGEMENT OF A FLOW OF GASEOUS REACTION MEDIUM THERETO

A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.

Methods and systems for capturing particulates

Provided herein are methods of capturing particulates. The methods may include contacting particulates in a gas stream with one or more acoustic waves. The one or more acoustic waves may include standing waves or waves of modulating frequency. The methods may include promoting agglomeration of particulates with an electrostatic force. Also provided herein are systems for capturing particulates.

СПОСОБ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭКЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИИ И УСТРОЙСТВО, ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННОЕ ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

1. Способ регулирования экзотермической реакции, включающий стадии: ! i) проведение экзотермической реакции в реакторе (1) с получением продукта, ! ii) измерение температуры и/или давления в реакторе, и ! iii) введение инертного продукта уже полученного ранее в экзотермической реакции из контейнера для хранения (8) в реактор (1), если температура и/или давление превышает(ют) критическую(ие) величину(ы). ! 2. Способ по п.1, где инертный продукт представляет собой жидкий продукт. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, где экзотермическая реакция может представлять собой олигомеризацию олефинов. ! 4. Способ по п.1, включающий дополнительную стадию остановки введения выделяемого в реакции вещества в реактор (1). ! 5. Способ по п.4, где стадия остановки проходит в значительной степени одновременно со стадией (iii). ! 6. Способ по п.1, где инертный продукт вводят в жидкую реакционную фазу в реакторе (1). ! 7. Способ по п.1, где инертный продукт впрыскивают в реактор (1). ! 8. Способ по п.1, где массовый расход инертного продукта, вводимого в реактор, является регулируемым. ! 9. Устройство для проведения экзотермической реакции, включающее: ! а) реактор (1), наполненный выделяемым в реакции веществом, необязательно растворителем и катализатором, ! b) датчик(и) температуры (12) и/или давления (13) в реакторе (1), ! с) линию загрузки (3) и выгрузки (6, 7), оснащенные клапанами для подачи выделяемого в реакции вещества и выгрузки продукта в и из реактора (1), соответственно, ! d) по крайней мере один контейнер (8) для хранения инертного продукта, который соединен с реактором (1) линией (10), оснащенной клапаном (11), и ! е) устройство управления (14), соединенное с датчиком(ами) (12, 13) и клапанами (5, РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2010 140 901 (13) A (51) МПК C07C 5/333 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010140901/04, 06.10.2010 (71) Заявитель(и): ЛИНДЕ АКЦИЕНГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный ...

Regulating electrical capacity between two electrodes in ionization and/or ozonization device involves controlling effective value of high voltage of high voltage generator

Method for regulating the electrical capacity between two electrodes (3, 4) located in a gas (5), especially air, of a gas discharge module (2) comprises controlling the effective value of the high voltage of a high voltage generator (1) in an increasing manner when the actual value of the capacity between the electrodes lies below a certain desired value, or controlling the effective value of the high voltage of a high voltage generator (1) in an decreasing manner when the actual value of the capacity between the electrodes lies above a certain desired value. Independent claims are also included for; (1) A method for regulating a starting voltage of a controllable high voltage generator; (2) A method for regulating the ionization performance of a gas discharge; (3) A method for establishing the degree of depletion of a gas filter; and (4) A device for producing a gas discharge.

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROLLING OF A HYDROGENATION

Multi-tubular chemical reactor with igniter for initiation of gas phase exothermic reactions

A multi-tubular chemical reactor (400) includes an igniter (435) for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones (409) of the tubular reactor units (408). A method of carrying out a gas phase exothermic reaction within the multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising: introducing gaseous reactants into a tubular reactor unit (408); initiating with radiant heat an exothermic reaction of the gaseous reactants within the reactor unit; and transferring heat produced by the exothermic reaction occurring within the gas phase reaction zone of the reactor unit to the gas phase reaction zone of one or more adjacent reactor units (408), thereby initiating an exothermic reaction within at least one adjacent reactor unit (408) until in such manner an exothermic reaction has been initiated in each of the plurality of spaced-apart reactor units (408).

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING 13C

Disclosed is a method for producing a nonradioactive and stable isotope 1 3C by using a widely-used hydrocarbon compound as a raw material without pro ducing any radioactive waste. The method uses a carbon compound as a raw mat erial, and comprises reacting the carbon compound in the presence of hydroge n, a sulfur compound and a reaction catalyst at 500 to 1000~C, thereby produ cing 13C.

INTEGRATED GASEOUS FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

Integrated gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell (467) systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters (435), and a source of gaseous reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the gaseous fuel CPOX reformer ...

PROCESS OF Control Of a REACTION OF REFORMING PER TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF the TUBES OF REFORMING

ELECTRIC ASSISTANCE WITH the REFORMING Of a HYDROCARBON MATTER

일체화된 기체 연료 촉매부분산화 개질장치 및 연료전지 시스템, 및 전기 생산 방법

기체 연료 촉매부분산화 (CPOX) 개질장치와 연료전지가 일체화된 시스템은, 이격된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들의 어레이의 하나 또는 복수개를 포함할 수 있으며, 각 반응기 유닛은 내부표면과 외부 표면이 있는 기체-투과성 벽을 가지는 세장관을 포함하고, 상기 벽은 개구형 기체 플로우 통로를 둘러싸고, 상기 벽의 적어도 하나의 부분은 그 내부에 배치된 및/또는 그 구조를 포함하여 구성되는 CPOX 촉매를 갖는다. 상기 촉매-포함 벽 구조와 이에 의해 둘러싸인 개구형 기체 플로우 통로는 기상 CPOX 반응 구역을 구획하고, 상기 촉매-포함 벽 섹션은 기체 CPOX 반응혼합물을 그 내부에서 확산하고 생성 수소-풍부 리포메이트를 그 외부로 확산하는 것을 허용하는 기체-투과성이다. 상기 기체 연료 CPOX 개질장치는 또한 하나 이상의 점화기, 및 기체 개질가능 연료의 공급원을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 수소-부 리포메이트는 기체 연료 CPOX 개질장치와 일체화된 연료전지 유닛 내에서 전기로 전환될 수 있다. A system in which a gaseous fuel-catalyzed partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and a fuel cell are integrated can include one or more of an array of spaced CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit having a gas-permeable Wherein the wall has a CPOX catalyst surrounding the open gas flow passageway and wherein at least one portion of the wall is disposed therein and / or comprises a structure thereof. Wherein the catalyst-containing wall structure and the apertured gas flow path enclosed thereby define a vaporous CPOX reaction zone, wherein the catalyst-containing wall section diffuses the gas CPOX reaction mixture therein and forms the resulting hydrogen-rich, Permeable < / RTI > The gaseous fuel CPOX reforming apparatus may also include one or more igniters, and a source of gas reformable fuel. The hydrogen-cocomplex can be converted to electricity in a fuel cell unit integrated with the gaseous fuel CPOX reforming device.

CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATION REDUCING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DRVINGTHE SAME

A carbon monoxide concentration reducing apparatus that raises the internal temperature of a CO-selective oxidation unit carrying a selective oxidation catalyst in as short a time period as possible after the apparatus is started, and a driving method for the apparatus are disclosed. In addition to the selective oxidation catalyst, the CO-selective oxidation unit contains an oxidation catalyst. The oxidation catalyst is capable of facilitating oxidation of an oxidizable gas component of a hydrogen-rich gas, even at temperatures substantially equal to a normal room temperature. The oxidation catalyst is, for example, a platinum (Pt) catalyst. Even when the internal temperature of the CO-selective oxidation unit is substantially equal to a normal room temperature, the oxidizable gas component of the hydrogen-rich gas can be oxidized by oxygen contained in an oxidative gas, via the function of the Pt catalyst. Using heat produced by this oxidation, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas ...

PROCESS AND METHOD FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING USING TRANSFORMATION OF ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION DATA

Integrated gaseous fuel CPOX reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity

Integrated gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell (467) systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters (435), and a source of gaseous reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the gaseous fuel CPOX reformer ...

METHOD FOR OPERATING A GAS-PHASE REACTOR AT OR NEAR MAXIMUM PRODUCTION RATES WHILE CONTROLLING POLYMER STICKINESS

Embodiments of the present invention relate to operating at least one gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates and to measuring and controlling polymer stickiness in a gas phase reactor polymerization. In particular, embodiments relate to monitoring acoustic emissions in a reactor during gas phase polymerization to determine the onset of reactor stickiness and possibly discontinuity events such as chunking and sheeting resulting from that stickiness. Embodiments also relate to monitoring acoustic emissions to determine the need for effective control of parameters that minimize reactor stickiness and thereby preventing discontinuity events. The emissions are processed by arithmetic averaging.

INTEGRATED GASEOUS FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

Integrated gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell (467) systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters (435), and a source of gaseous reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the gaseous fuel CPOX reformer ...

MULTI-TUBULAR CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH IGNITER FOR INITIATION OF GAS PHASE EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

A multi-tubular chemical reactor (400) includes an igniter (435) for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones (409) of the tubular reactor units (408). A method of carrying out a gas phase exothermic reaction within the multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising: introducing gaseous reactants into a tubular reactor unit (408); initiating with radiant heat an exothermic reaction of the gaseous reactants within the reactor unit; and transferring heat produced by the exothermic reaction occurring within the gas phase reaction zone of the reactor unit to the gas phase reaction zone of one or more adjacent reactor units (408), thereby initiating an exothermic reaction within at least one adjacent reactor unit (408) until in such manner an exothermic reaction has been initiated in each of the plurality of spaced-apart reactor units (408).

CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE WITHIN A CATALYST BED IN A REACTOR VESSEL

A quenching medium is delivered directly to selected regions or locations within a catalyst bed in a hydroprocessing reactor vessel in order to control the reactivity of a hydroprocess occurring in the selected regions or locations separately from other regions or locations, Temperature sensors for providing temperature indications and conduits for delivering the quench medium are distributed throughout the catalyst bed, One or more conduits can be selected for delivery of the quenching medium to selected regions or locations so that separate control of the level of reactivity in each of various regions or locations throughout the bed can be achieved.

DEVICE FOR THE UV TREATMENT OF FLOWING FLUIDS

The invention relates to a device for the UV treatment of fluids flowing in a flow channel, comprising a number of cylindrical low-pressure mercury UV emitters, which are arranged in groups in the flow channel, substantially with their longitudinal axes parallel to one another, in such a way that one group comprises a plurality of emitters arranged in one plane, comprising sensor means for monitoring the operating state of the emitters, and comprising at least one unit, which is connected to the sensor means, for controlling, adjusting and/or monitoring the emitters. Individual monitoring of the radiation power of each emitter is facilitated in that the sensor means comprise at least one elongate sensor arrangement, which is arranged parallel to one of the groups and at a distance from the group, the sensor arrangement extending substantially transversely to the longitudinal axes of the emitters of the adjacent group, and a separate UV sensor being provided for each emitter of the group ...

기상 발열 반응들의 점화를 위한 점화기를 갖는 다중-관형 화학 반응기

... 본 발명의 다중-관형 화학 반응기는 그 관형 반응기 유닛들의 기상 반응 구역들 내에서 기상 발열 반응의 시동을 위한 점화기를 포함한다.

Controlling temperature within a catalyst bed in a reactor vessel

A quenching medium is delivered directly to selected regions or locations within a catalyst bed in a hydroprocessing reactor vessel in order to control the reactivity of a hydroprocess occurring in the selected regions or locations separately from other regions or locations. Temperature sensors for providing temperature indications and conduits for delivering the quench medium are distributed throughout the catalyst bed. One or more conduits can be selected for delivery of the quenching medium to selected regions or locations so that separate control of the level of reactivity in each of various regions or locations throughout the bed can be achieved.

Chemical reactor operation

Liquid fuel reformer including a vaporizer and method of reforming liquid reformable fuel

A liquid fuel reformer (400) includes a fuel vaporizer (415) which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater (406), operable in the start-up mode of the reformer (400), and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone.

Chemical reactor operation

LIQUID FUEL REFORMER INCLUDING A VAPORIZER AND METHOD OF REFORMING LIQUID REFORMABLE FUEL

A liquid fuel reformer (400) includes a fuel vaporizer (415) which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater (406), operable in the start-up mode of the reformer (400), and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone.

CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE WITHIN A CATALYST BED IN A REACTOR VESSEL

A quenching medium is delivered directly to selected regions or locations within a catalyst bed in a hydroprocessing reactor vessel in order to control the reactivity of a hydroprocess occurring in the selected regions or locations separately from other regions or locations, Temperature sensors for providing temperature indications and conduits for delivering the quench medium are distributed throughout the catalyst bed, One or more conduits can be selected for delivery of the quenching medium to selected regions or locations so that separate control of the level of reactivity in each of various regions or locations throughout the bed can be achieved.

LIQUID FUEL REFORMER INCLUDING A VAPORIZER AND METHOD OF REFORMING LIQUID REFORMABLE FUEL

A liquid fuel reformer includes a fuel vaporizer which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater, operable in the start-up mode of the reformer, and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone. 118-. (canceled)19. A method of reforming a liquid reformable fuel , the method comprising:introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a conduit for routing fluids toward an inlet of a reformer;heating a stream of the oxygen-containing gas with at least one of a first source of heat comprising an electric heater disposed in the conduit and a second source of heat disposed in the conduit comprising heat of exotherm from the liquid fuel reformer and/or a hydrogen reformate-consuming device external to the liquid fuel reformer to provide a stream of heated oxygen-containing gas;introducing into the stream of heated oxygen-containing gas through or proximate to a vaporizer a liquid reformable fuel to provide a heated gaseous reforming reaction mixture; andreforming the heated gaseous reforming reaction mixture to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.20. The method of claim 19 , comprising:heating the stream of the oxygen-containing gas and/or the stream of heated oxygen-containing gas with a third source of heat comprising an electric heater disposed in the conduit downstream from the first and second sources of heat and upstream from the vaporizer.21. The method of claim 20 , comprising:discontinuing heating the stream of oxygen-containing gas with the first source of heat; andheating the stream of oxygen-containing gas with the second and third sources of heat.22. The method of comprising adjusting the heat supplied by the second source and/or third source of heat.23. The method of claim 19 , comprising heating the liquid reformable fuel using the second source of heat and/or the third source of heat claim 19 , when present claim 19 , prior to introducing the liquid ...

Chemical reactor with manifold for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto

A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.

Method for shutting down a Fischer-Tropsch reactor

A method for shutting down a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor fed with a reactant gas mixture comprising a synthesis gas and a recycle gas recovered from the FT reactor in a synthesis loop, said FT reactor containing a FT catalyst cooled indirectly by a coolant under pressure, comprises the steps of: (a) depressurising the coolant to coot the reactant gas mixture to quench FT reactions taking place in the FT reactor, (b) stopping the synthesis gas feed to the FT reactor, and (c) maintaining circulation of the recycle gas through the FT reactor during steps (a) and (b) to remove heat from the FT. The method may further comprise the steps of: (d1) reducing the pressure of the FT reactor and circulating recycle gas; (e1) adjusting the inlet gas content of the circulating recycle gas to a minimum value;(f1) re-pressurising the FT reactor with synthesis gas feed; (g1) re-pressurising the coolant to increase the reactor temperature until FT reactions begin to occur; and(h1) introducing synthesis ...

Bubbling tower hydrocarbon reactor and method of detecting slurry surface level

CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATION REDUCING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DRIVING THE SAME

A carbon monoxide concentration reducing apparatus that raises the internal temperature of a CO-selective oxidation unit carrying a selective oxidation catalyst in as short a time period as possible after the apparatus is started, and a driving method for the apparatus are disclosed. In addition to the selective oxidation catalyst, the CO-selective oxidation unit contains an oxidation catalyst. The oxidation catalyst is capable of facilitating oxidation of an oxidizable gas component of a hydrogenrich gas, even at temperatures substantially equal to a normal room temperature. The oxidation catalyst is, for example, a platinum (Pt) catalyst. Even when the internal temperature of the CO-selective oxidation unit is substantially equal to a normal room temperature, the oxidizable gas component of the hydrogen-rich gas can be oxidized by oxygen contained in an oxidative gas, via the function of the Pt catalyst. Using heat produced by this oxidation, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas can ...

CHEMICAL REACTOR OPERATION

A method of operation of one or more chemical reactors (12), wherein each chemical reactor defines first flow channels (15) for a chemical reaction process in proximity to second flow channels (16) for heat transfer, and each chemical reactor is provided with fluid connections for bringing about flows of respective fluids through the first flow channels and the second flow channels, involves the steps of shutting down the flows of fluids through at least one of the first flow channels and the second flow channels, and then changing the fluid connections, and then reopening the fluid connections. There is no change in the chemical reaction process performed by the reactors. The change to the fluid connections is preferably such as to achieve a flow reversal. This may involve turning the reactor (12) itself around, or changing the arrangement of ducts connected to the reactor. This changes the thermal stress distribution within the reactor, and can consequently increase the reactor's operational ...

DUAL UTILIZATION LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL REFORMER AND METHOD OF REFORMING

A dual utilization liquid and gaseous fuel CPOX reformer that includes reaction zones for the CPOX reforming of liquid and gaseous reformable fuels. A reforming method is also provided. The method comprises reforming a first gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and vaporized liquid fuel and before or after this step, reforming second gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen~containing gas and gaseous fuel to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell systems (467) can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit (408) including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer (415), one or more igniters (435), and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the liquid fuel CPOX reactor unit.

Chemical reactor with manifold for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto

Reactor for the continuous and simultaneous production of different polyester products having adjustable variable viscosity, the progress of the process being regulated via the hydraulic drive system

A device for degassing a flowable, viscous and pasty product includes a reactor having a product inlet and a product discharge outlet. A plurality of rotors each defining a reaction zone are located side-by-side in the reactor and a separate driving system mounted outside of the reactor for rotating each rotor with each driving system being an hydraulic system.

CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH MANIFOLD FOR MANAGEMENT OF A FLOW OF GASEOUS REACTION MEDIUM THERETO

Dual utilization liquid and gaseous fuel reformer and method of reforming

A dual utilization liquid and gaseous fuel CPOX reformer that includes reaction zones for the CPOX reforming of liquid and gaseous reformable fuels. A reforming method is also provided. The method comprises reforming a first gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and vaporized liquid fuel and before or after this step, reforming second gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen~containing gas and gaseous fuel to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.

BUBBLE COLUMN TYPE HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS REACTOR, AND SLURRY LEVEL DETECTING METHOD

A bubbling tower hydrocarbon reactor in which a hydrocarbon compound is synthesized by the chemical reaction of synthesis gas, which comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components, with a slurry obtained by suspending solid catalyst particles in a liquid. The bubbling tower hydrocarbon reactor comprises: a reactor main body which holds the slurry therein; a synthesis-gas supply unit which supplies the synthesis gas to the slurry; a pressure sensor which has been disposed above the surface of the slurry and measures the pressure of the synthesis gas above the liquid surface; other pressure sensors, which have been disposed below the surface of the slurry and measure the pressure of the slurry; and a level detector which detects the position of the surface of the slurry based on the results of measurements with the pressure sensors. The other pressure sensors have been disposed apart from each other in the axis direction for the reactor main body.

MULTI-TUBULAR CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH IGNITER FOR INITIATION OF GAS PHASE EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

A multi-tubular chemical reactor (400) includes an igniter (435) for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones (409) of the tubular reactor units (408). A method of carrying out a gas phase exothermic reaction within the multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising: introducing gaseous reactants into a tubular reactor unit (408); initiating with radiant heat an exothermic reaction of the gaseous reactants within the reactor unit; and transferring heat produced by the exothermic reaction occurring within the gas phase reaction zone of the reactor unit to the gas phase reaction zone of one or more adjacent reactor units (408), thereby initiating an exothermic reaction within at least one adjacent reactor unit (408) until in such manner an exothermic reaction has been initiated in each of the plurality of spaced-apart reactor units (408).

GASEOUS FUEL CPOX REFORMERS AND METHODS OF CPOX REFORMING

A gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen- rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of a CPOX reaction zone of a CPOX reactor unit can include a hydrogen barrier. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters, and a source of gaseous reformable fuel.

LIQUID FUEL REFORMER INCLUDING A VAPORIZER AND METHOD OF REFORMING LIQUID REFORMABLE FUEL

A liquid fuel reformer (400) includes a fuel vaporizer (415) which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater (406), operable in the start-up mode of the reformer (400), and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone.

CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATION REDUCING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DRIVING THE SAME

A carbon monoxide concentration reducing apparatus that raises the internal temperature of a CO-selective oxidation unit carrying a selective oxidation catalyst in as short a time period as possible after the apparatus is started, and a driving method for the apparatus are disclosed. In addition to the selective oxidation catalyst, the CO-selective oxidation unit contains an oxidation catalyst. The oxidation catalyst is capable of facilitating oxidation of an oxidizable gas component of a hydrogen-rich gas, even at temperatures substantially equal to a normal room temperature. The oxidation catalyst is, for example, a platinum (Pt) catalyst. Even when the internal temperature of the CO-selective oxidation unit is substantially equal to a normal room temperature, the oxidizable gas component of the hydrogen-rich gas can be oxidized by oxygen contained in an oxidative gas, via the function of the Pt catalyst. Using heat produced by this oxidation, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas can be raised, so that the internal temperature of the CO-selective oxidation unit can be raised to a desired temperature.

Hydrogenation control process

The invention relates to a method for controlling hydrogenation of an educt in a hydrogenation reactor. According to said method, the amount of hydrogen reacted during hydrogenation is determined first, whereupon the ratio between the amount of hydrogen reacted and the amount of educt delivered is calculated, said ratio is compared to a predefined setpoint value, and finally at least one process parameter is modified if the ratio between the amount of hydrogen reacted and the amount of educt delivered deviates from the predefined setpoint value by a given value.

Bubbling tower hydrocarbon reactor and method of detecting slurry surface level

A bubbling tower hydrocarbon reactor in which a hydrocarbon compound is synthesized by the chemical reaction of synthesis gas, which comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components, with a slurry obtained by suspending solid catalyst particles in a liquid. The bubbling tower hydrocarbon reactor comprises: a reactor main body which holds the slurry therein; a synthesis-gas supply unit which supplies the synthesis gas to the slurry; a pressure sensor which has been disposed above the surface of the slurry and measures the pressure of the synthesis gas above the liquid surface; other pressure sensors, which have been disposed below the surface of the slurry and measure the pressure of the slurry; and a level detector which detects the position of the surface of the slurry based on the results of measurements with the pressure sensors. The other pressure sensors have been disposed apart from each other in the axis direction for the reactor main body.

Measuring molten polymer throughput using heat transfer balance

The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses estimating casting throughput during casting process to provide polyamide pellets. In one example, a method of estimating casting throughput of an extruded polyamide polymer can comprise measuring an amount of casting water flowing in to a casting apparatus typically from two or more locations, measuring the temperature of the casting water flowing in, and measuring the temperature of the casting water flowing out. Additional steps can include calculating a heat transfer between the casting water flowing in and the casting water flowing out using the measured amount, and correlating the heat transfer to the casting throughput.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE CAPACITY BETWEEN TWO ELECTRODES IN A GAS

The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the electric capacity which exists between two electrodes (3, 4) that are situated in a gas (5), especially air, of a gas discharge module (2). The electrodes and the gas form a gas discharge module (2). A high voltage that is generated by a controllable high voltage generator (1) is applied between said electrodes (3, 4). Said voltage serves for releasing a gas discharge in the gas (5) of the gas discharge module (2) and is an alternating voltage or a pulsed direct voltage. The effective value of the high voltage pertaining to the high voltage generator (1) is controlled in a timely increasing manner when the real value of the capacity existing between the two electrodes (3, 4) is underneath a certain desired value. The effective value of the high voltage pertaining to the high voltage generator (1) is controlled in a timely decreasing manner when the real value of the capacity existing between the two electrodes (3, 4) is ...

PROCESS AND METHOD FOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING USING TRANSFORMATION OF ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION DATA

A method for providing improved estimates of properties of a chemical manufacturing process is disclosed. The method regesses process variables with scores or other gains obtained from the mathematical transformation of data obtained from an on-line analyzer. Chemical manufacturing porcesses using the method also are disclosed.

Method for improving a polymerization reaction by taking out and analysing a sample

The invention relates to a device for taking out and analysing a sample from a polymerisation reactor comprising one or more sample conduits ( 2 ), for taking a sample out of said reactor and for conducting said sample to one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), whereby said conduits each are in communication with said reactor ( 19 ) and each are provided with at least two sampling valves ( 4, 5 ); comprising one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby said sample flash tanks are connected to said conduits ( 2 ) and provided with means for analysing said evaporated gas ( 7 ), and comprising one or more sample receivers ( 6 ), for purifying said solid particles, whereby said receivers are connected to said sample flash tanks ( 3 ) and provided with means ( 8 ) for analysing said solid particles. The invention further relates to a method for improving a polymerisation reaction in a polymerisation reactor.

CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATION REDUCING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DRVINGTHE SAME

A carbon monoxide concentration reducing apparatus that raises the internal temperature of a CO-selective oxidation unit carrying a selective oxidation catalyst in as short a time period as possible after the apparatus is started, and a driving method for the apparatus are disclosed. In addition to the selective oxidation catalyst, the CO-selective oxidation unit contains an oxidation catalyst. The oxidation catalyst is capable of facilitating oxidation of an oxidizable gas component of a hydrogen-rich gas, even at temperatures substantially equal to a normal room temperature. The oxidation catalyst is, for example, a platinum (Pt) catalyst. Even when the internal temperature of the CO-selective oxidation unit is substantially equal to a normal room temperature, the oxidizable gas component of the hydrogen-rich gas can be oxidized by oxygen contained in an oxidative gas, via the function of the Pt catalyst. Using heat produced by this oxidation, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas ...

Systems and Methods for Torrefaction of Biomass

A biomass torrefaction system includes a reactor vessel for biomass particles, a burner for combusting one or more fuels to produce a heated gas, a fan for supplying a flow of the heated gas through the reactor vessel to heat the biomass particles, and a controller configured to calculate a torrefaction index according to one or more sensed parameters of the system. The sensed parameter(s) include at least one of a reactor vessel retention time, a reactor vessel temperature difference and a higher heating value (HHV) of a syngas output by the reactor vessel. The controller is also configured to automatically adjust one or more operation values of the system according to the calculated torrefaction index. The operation value(s) include at least one of the reactor vessel retention time, a heating rate of the system, and a mixture of the one or more fuels combusted by the burner. 1. A method for controlling a biomass torrefaction system , the method comprising:conveying biomass particles through a reactor vessel, the reactor vessel including an inlet and an outlet;producing a heated gas using one or more fuels combusted by a burner;supplying, by a fan, a flow of the heated gas through the reactor vessel to heat the biomass particles;calculating, by a controller, a torrefaction index according to one or more sensed parameters of the system, the one or more sensed parameters including at least one of a reactor vessel retention time, a reactor vessel temperature difference and a higher heating value (HHV) of a syngas output by the reactor vessel; andautomatically adjusting, by the controller, one or more operation values of the system according to the calculated torrefaction index, the one or more operation values including at least one of the reactor vessel retention time, a heating rate of the system, and a mixture of the one or more fuels combusted by the burner.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) ...

Slurry Loop Reactor Polymerization Rate and Quality Controller

A process and system for maintaining optimum polymerization production in a loop polymerization reactor by continuously and periodically obtaining polymerization results, such as melt index (MI), production rate and ash content of the polymer produced, determining whether each of the results is within desired ranges, storing and averaging recently obtained results in a database within a reaction rate controller program, and when one of the results is out of the desired range modifying at least one reaction parameter set-point such as monomer concentration, catalyst feed rate and reactor temperature to drive any out-of-range polymerization result(s) toward the desired range for that result. 1. A process for optimizing polymerization of a monomer in a loop polymerization reactor controlled by a reaction rate controller program , comprising:continuously and periodically obtaining polymerization results comprising at least melt index (MI), production rate and ash content on the polymerized monomer;the reaction rate controller program (RRC):determining whether each of the polymerization results is within predetermined target ranges for those results;storing recently obtained polymerization results in a computer readable database stored within the RRC, and averaging the recently obtained results with previously stored results; andwhen at least one of the polymerization results is out-of-range with respect to its predetermined target range, modifying at least one reaction parameter set-point comprising monomer concentration, catalyst feed rate and reactor temperature, and controlling associated hardware for modifying reaction parameter set-point(s) to drive any out-of-range polymerization result(s) toward the predetermined target range for that result.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the RRC assessing the reasonableness of the MI result when the MI result is out-of-range claim 1 , and if the result is unreasonable claim 1 , retaining it for comparison to ...

Liquid fuel cpox reformers and methods of cpox reforming

A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel.

Reformer with perovskite as structural component thereof

A reformer includes at least one reformer reactor unit ( 300 ) having a space-confining wall with external ( 307 ) and internal surfaces ( 306 ), at least a section of the wall and space confined thereby defining a reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), an inlet end ( 301 ) and associated inlet ( 302 ) for admission of flow of gaseous reforming reactant to the reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), an outlet end ( 303 ) and associated outlet ( 304 ) for outflow of hydrogen-rich reformate produced in the reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), at least that section of the wall ( 305 ) corresponding to the reforming reaction zone comprising perovskite as a structural component thereof such wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous reforming reactant to diffuse therein and hydrogen-rich reformate to diffuse therefrom.

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongated tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces. The wall encloses an unobstructed gaseous flow passageway. At least a portion of the wall has CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the CPOX reactor unit. 1. A reformer for the gaseous phase catalytic partial oxidation of a gaseous CPOX reaction mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a gaseous and/or vaporized liquid CPOX fuel reaction mixture to provide a hydrogen gas product , the reformer comprising:a generally U-shaped open conduit configured to convey a gaseous CPOX reaction mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a gaseous and/or vaporized liquid CPOX fuel to an inlet of at least one elongate tubular gaseous phase CPOX reactor unit, the reactor unit having a gas permeable wall with an internal surface and an external surface defining a wall thickness therebetween and having at least one CPOX catalyst disposed (i) on at least a portion of an internal surface of the CPOX reactor unit and/or (ii) within the wall thickness thereof, the CPOX-containing portion of the CPOX reactor unit defining a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the CPOX reaction zone adapted to emit a heat of exotherm during a CPOX reaction therein;the U-shaped open conduit comprising a ...

Methods and Systems for Capturing Particulates

Provided herein are methods of capturing particulates. The methods may include contacting particulates in a gas stream with one or more acoustic waves. The one or more acoustic waves may include standing waves or waves of modulating frequency. The methods may include promoting agglomeration of particulates with an electrostatic force. Also provided herein are systems for capturing particulates. 1. A method of capturing particulates , the method comprising:providing a gas stream in a channel having a longitudinal axis, the gas stream having a velocity and comprising particulates; andcontacting the particulates with one or more acoustic waves having an intensity and a modulating frequency to transport at least a portion of the particulates transversely to the longitudinal axis to a quiescent zone of the channel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the channel comprises a first section hosting the gas stream claim 1 , and a second section comprising a substantially stationary gas claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the particulates transported to the quiescent zone are deposited in the second section of the channel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulates have an average particulate size of about 1 μm to about 110 μm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulates have an average particulate size of about 5 μm to about 50 μm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has a velocity of about 0.5 feet/second to about 3 feet/second.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has a velocity of about 0.75 feet/second to about 2 feet/second.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more acoustic waves are generated by a first transducer and a spaced apart second transducer which are adjusted independently to provide the one or more acoustic waves.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more acoustic waves are further generated by a third transducer spaced apart from the first transducer and the second transducer claim 7 , the third ...

Method and System for Monitoring a Chemical Reaction

In a method for monitoring a chemical reaction in a continuously operated reactor with at least one tube section, wherein the reactor has an intake, an outlet and a main flow direction running between the intake and the outlet, substances are supplied to the reactor via the intake and a product mixture made up of these substances and the solidified products thereof is created in the reactor. The reaction is monitored and measures are taken to prevent an uncontrolled reaction process, wherein these measures comprise at least the following steps: interruption of the intake and outlet, active pressure relief of the reactor and flushing of the reactor with an inert substance. This facilitates a safe and efficient interruption of the chemical reaction. 1. A method for monitoring a chemical reaction in a continuously operated reactor with at least one tube section , wherein the reactor has an intake , an outlet and a main flow direction running between the intake and the outlet ,wherein substances are supplied to the reactor via the intake and a product mixture made up of these substances and solidified products thereof is created in the reactor,wherein the reaction is monitored and measures are taken to prevent an uncontrolled reaction process,wherein these measures comprise at least the following steps:interruption of the intake and outlet,active pressure relief of the reactor andflushing of the reactor with an inert substance.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein active pressure relief and flushing take place only after the intake and outlet have been interrupted.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein active pressure relief and flushing take place simultaneously.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein flushing takes place against the main flow direction of the reactor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the main flow direction runs in a vertical direction and flushing takes place from top to bottom.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

MULTI-TUBULAR CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH IGNITER FOR INITIATION OF GAS PHASE EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units. 19-. (canceled)10. A method of carrying out a gas phase exothermic reaction within a multi-tubular chemical reactor to produce desired product(s) , the method comprising:introducing gaseous reactants into an inlet of a gaseous flow passageway of a plurality of reactor units, each reactor unit of the plurality comprising an elongate tube having a wall with an internal surface, an external surface, and a wall interior between the internal and external surfaces, at least a portion of the wall interior adapted to function as a gas phase reaction zone, the interior surface of the wall enclosing the gaseous flow passageway having the inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposing end, the interior surface of the wall adapted to permit gas flowing through the passageway to enter the wall interior at the gas phase reaction zone;flowing at least a portion of the gaseous reactants into the as phase reaction zones of the plurality of reactor units;initiating with radiant heat an exothermic reaction of the gaseous reactants within the gas phase reaction zone of at least one of the reactor units, thereby commencing the production of desired product(s) and exothermic heat; andtransferring heat produced by the exothermic reaction occurring within the gas phase reaction zone of the at least one reactor unit to the gas phase reaction zone of one or more adjacent reactor units, thereby initiating an exothermic reaction within the at least one adjacent reactor unit until in such manner an exothermic reaction has been initiated in each of the plurality of spaced-apart reactor units.11. The method of wherein the initiating of the exothermic reaction in the at least one reactor unit comprises heating the at least one reactor unit with at least one igniter claim 10 , the igniter comprising a radiant heat-producing ...

Controlling a chemical reactor for the production of polymer compounds

Techniques regarding the synthesis of one or more polymers of a target polymer class are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can comprise a system, which can comprise a memory that can store computer executable components. The system can also comprise a processor, operably coupled to the memory, and that can execute the computer executable components stored in the memory. The computer executable components can comprise a recommendation component that can generate a recommended chemical reactor control setting for inverse synthesis of a polymer based on a target polymer characteristic and reactor training data.

Method for reaction control of exothermic reaction and apparatus therefore

Method for monitoring a polymerization reaction

In some embodiments, a method of monitoring a resin-producing polymerization reaction in a fluid bed reactor system to generate reaction parameter data in on-line fashion, wavelet transforming the reaction parameter data to generate frequency-domain data or determining kurtosis of each of at least two subsets of the reaction parameter data, and optionally also determining from the frequency-domain data or kurtosis values an indication of at least one of degree of resin stickiness, an approach to or imminence of resin stickiness, and an approach to or imminence of an unsafe or undesired reactor operating condition that can result in sheeting or chunking. Optionally also, the reaction is controlled in response to the kurtosis values or frequency-domain data, for example, in an effort to prevent the occurrence of sheeting or another discontinuity event or to maintain the reactor in a stable, non-sticking condition.

Method for operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer stickiness

Embodiments of the present invention relate to operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates and to measuring and controlling polymer stickiness in a gas phase reactor polymerization. In particular, embodiments relate to monitoring acoustic emissions in a reactor during gas phase polymerization to determine the onset of reactor stickiness and possibly discontinuity events such as chunking and sheeting resulting from that stickiness. Embodiments also relate to monitoring acoustic emissions to determine the need for effective control of parameters that minimize reactor stickiness and thereby preventing discontinuity events. The emissions are processed by arithmetic averaging.

Method for operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer stickiness

Embodiments of the present invention relate to operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates and to measuring and controlling polymer stickiness in a gas phase reactor polymerization. In particular, embodiments relate to monitoring acoustic emissions in a reactor during gas phase polymerization to determine the onset of reactor stickiness and possibly discontinuity events such as chunking and sheeting resulting from that stickiness. Embodiments also relate to monitoring acoustic emissions to determine the need for effective control of parameters that minimize reactor stickiness and thereby preventing discontinuity events. The emissions are processed by arithmetic averaging.

Temperature control for polymerizing particulate polyolefin

A method is described that includes contacting an olefin with a catalyst in a polymerization reactor, polymerizing at least a portion of the olefin to form an alpha olefin reaction product, detecting a condition within the polymerization reactor, determining an average temperature of at least one olefin product particle based on the condition, determining an operating particle temperature threshold using a foul curve, comparing the average temperature of the polymer particle to the operating particle temperature threshold, changing one or more operating parameters in response to the comparing, and maintaining the average temperature of the olefin polymer particle at or below the operating particle temperature threshold in response to changing the one or more operating parameters. The alpha olefin reaction product includes a plurality of olefin polymer particles, and the polymerization reactor includes a reaction mixture that includes the olefin, the catalyst, a diluent, and the alpha olefin reaction product.

Flow reactor and manufacturing equipment with it

本発明の課題は、内温を測定可能な新たなフロー式リアクターを提供することにある。本発明に係るフロー式リアクターは、チューブ状反応ラインと、前記チューブ状反応ラインの１箇所以上に設けられた内温測定部と、を有し、前記内温測定部では温度計の感温部が前記チューブ状反応ラインに挿入されていることを特徴とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a new flow reactor capable of measuring the internal temperature. The flow reactor according to the present invention has a tubular reaction line and an internal temperature measuring unit provided at one or more of the tubular reaction lines, and the internal temperature measuring unit is a temperature sensitive unit of a thermometer. Is inserted into the tubular reaction line.

Flow type reactor and manufacturing facility including same

Flow reactor and manufacturing facility comprising the flow reactor

An object is to provide a novel flow reactor capable of measuring the internal temperature. The flow reactor including a tubular reaction line, wherein the flow reactor further includes an internal temperature measurement unit provided at one or more location of the tubular reaction line, the internal temperature measurement unit includes a thermometer with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is inserted into the tubular reaction line.

Method for operating a gas-phase reactor while controlling polymer stickiness

Embodiments of the present invention relate to operating at least one gas-phase reactor and to measuring and controlling polymer stickiness in a gas phase reactor polymerization. In particular, embodiments relate to monitoring acoustic emissions in a reactor during gas phase polymerization to determine the onset of reactor stickiness and possibly discontinuity events such as chunking and sheeting resulting from that stickiness. Embodiments also relate to monitoring acoustic emissions to determine the need for effective control of parameters that minimize reactor stickiness and thereby preventing discontinuity events. The emissions are processed by arithmetic averaging.

Method for operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer stickiness

Embodiments of the present invention relate to operating at least one gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates and to measuring and controlling polymer stickiness in a gas phase reactor polymerization. In particular, embodiments relate to monitoring acoustic emissions in a reactor during gas phase polymerization to determine the onset of reactor stickiness and possibly discontinuity events such as chunking and sheeting resulting from that stickiness. Embodiments also relate to monitoring acoustic emissions to determine the need for effective control of parameters that minimize reactor stickiness and thereby preventing discontinuity events. The emissions are processed by arithmetic averaging.

Method for reaction control of exothermic reaction and apparatus therefore

The present invention relates to method for reaction control of an exothermic reaction, comprising the steps: i) carrying out an exothermic reaction in a reactor to produce product, ii) measuring temperature and/or pressure in the reactor, and iii) introducing inert product already produced previously in the exothermic reaction from a storage container into the reactor, if temperature and/or pressure exceed(s) critical value(s). as well as an apparatus for carrying out an exothermic reaction.

Interlock

The present invention relates to an interlock for a purged vessel for a polymerisation process, which interlock comprises: a. defining a threshold temperature based on the minimum design metal temperature for the metal from which the purged vessel is constructed, b. measuring the temperature of the purged vessel, and c. if the measured temperature is lower than the threshold temperature taking one or more actions to stop fiirther temperature decrease and/or increase the temperature.

Method for Improving a Polymerization Reaction by Taking Out and Analysing a Sample

The invention relates to a device for taking out and analysing a sample from a polymerisation reactor comprising one or more sample conduits ( 2 ), for taking a sample out of said reactor and for conducting said sample to one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), whereby said conduits each are in communication with said reactor ( 19 ) and each are provided with at least two sampling valves ( 4, 5 ); comprising one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby said sample flash tanks are connected to said conduits ( 2 ) and provided with means for analysing said evaporated gas ( 7 ), and comprising one or more sample receivers ( 6 ), for purifying said solid particles, whereby said receivers are connected to said sample flash tanks ( 3 ) and provided with means ( 8 ) for analysing said solid particles. The invention further relates to a method for improving a polymerisation reaction in a polymerisation reactor.

Method for improving a polymerization reaction by taking out and analysing a sample

The invention relates to a device for taking out and analyzing a sample from a polymerization reactor comprising one or more sample conduits ( 2 ), for taking a sample out of said reactor and for conducting said sample to one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), whereby said conduits each are in communication with said reactor ( 19 ) and each are provided with at least two sampling valves ( 4, 5 ); comprising one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby said sample flash tanks are connected to said conduits ( 2 ) and provided with means for analyzing said evaporated gas ( 7 ), and comprising one or more sample receivers ( 6 ), for purifying said solid particles, whereby said receivers are connected to said sample flash tanks ( 3 ) and provided with means ( 8 ) for analyzing said solid particles. The invention further relates to a method for improving a polymerization reaction in a polymerization reactor.

Method for improving a polymerization reaction by taking out and analysing a sample

The disclosure relates to a device for removing and analyzing a sample from a polymerization reactor including one or more sample conduits for removing a sample from the reactor and transferring the sample to a sample flash tank, whereby the conduits are in communication with the reactor and are provided with at least two sampling valves; a sample flash tank for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby the sample flash tanks are connected to the conduits and provided with a device for analyzing evaporated gas, and including a sample receiver for purifying the solid particles. The receivers are connected to the sample flash tanks and provided with an apparatus for analyzing the solid particles. The disclosure includes a method for improving a polymerization reaction.

Method for improving a polymerization reaction by taking out and analysing a sample

The invention relates to a device for taking out and analysing a sample from a polymerisation reactor comprising one or more sample conduits ( 2 ), for taking a sample out of said reactor and for conducting said sample to one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), whereby said conduits each are in communication with said reactor ( 19 ) and each are provided with at least two sampling valves ( 4, 5 ); comprising one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby said sample flash tanks are connected to said conduits ( 2 ) and provided with means for analysing said evaporated gas ( 7 ), and comprising one or more sample receivers ( 6 ), for purifying said solid particles, whereby said receivers are connected to said sample flash tanks ( 3 ) and provided with means ( 8 ) for analysing said solid particles. The invention further relates to a method for improving a polymerisation reaction in a polymerisation reactor.

Device and method for improving a polymerization reaction by taking out and analysing a sample

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes can be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements can be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements can be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit can be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Method for improving a polymerization reaction by taking out and analysing a sample

The invention relates to a device for taking out and analysing a sample from a polymerisation reactor comprising one or more sample conduits ( 2 ), for taking a sample out of said reactor and for conducting said sample to one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), whereby said conduits each are in communication with said reactor ( 19 ) and each are provided with at least two sampling valves ( 4, 5 ); comprising one or more sample flash tanks ( 3 ), for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby said sample flash tanks are connected to said conduits ( 2 ) and provided with means for analysing said evaporated gas ( 7 ), and comprising one or more sample receivers ( 6 ), for purifying said solid particles, whereby said receivers are connected to said sample flash tanks ( 3 ) and provided with means ( 8 ) for analysing said solid particles. The invention further relates to a method for improving a polymerisation reaction in a polymerisation reactor.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

通过取出和分析样品改善聚合反应的方法

本发明涉及一种用于从聚合反应器中取出和分析样品的装置，其包括一根或多根样品导管(2)，用于将样品从所述反应器中取出以及将所述样品进料至一个或多个样品闪蒸罐(3)中，其中所述每根导管与所述反应器(19)相通，并且每根导管至少配备有两个样品阀门(4，5)；包括用于分离所述固体颗粒和蒸发的气体的一个或多个样品闪蒸罐(3)，其中所述样品闪蒸罐与所述导管(2)相接，且配备有用于分析所述蒸发的气体(7)的装置，以及包括用于纯化所述固体颗粒的一个或多个样品接收器(6)，其中所述样品接收器与所述样品闪蒸罐(3)相连接，并且配备有用于分析所述固体颗粒的装置(8)。本发明还涉及了改善在聚合反应器中的聚合反应的方法。

Method for monitoring a polymerization reaction

In some embodiments, a method of monitoring a resin-producing polymerization reaction in a fluid bed reactor system to generate reaction parameter data in on-line fashion, wavelet transforming the reaction parameter data to generate frequency-domain data or determining kurtosis of each of at least two subsets of the reaction parameter data, and optionally also determining from the frequency-domain data or kurtosis values an indication of at least one of degree of resin stickiness, an approach to or imminence of resin stickiness, and an approach to or imminence of an unsafe or undesired reactor operating condition that can result in sheeting or chunking. Optionally also, the reaction is controlled in response to the kurtosis values or frequency-domain data, for example, in an effort to prevent the occurrence of sheeting or another discontinuity event or to maintain the reactor in a stable, non-sticking condition.

在等于或接近于最大生产速率下操作气相反应器同时控制聚合物粘着性的方法

本发明的实施方案涉及在等于或接近于最大生产速率下操作至少一个气相反应器以及测量和控制气相反应器聚合中聚合物粘着性。具体来说，实施方案涉及监测在气相聚合期间反应器中的声波发射以测定反应器粘着性，和可能地中断现象如由该粘着性引起的结块和成片的开始。实施方案还涉及监测声波发射以测定对参数的有效控制的需要，所述参数使反应器粘着性最小化并因此防止中断现象。通过算术平均处理该发射值。

Control of a polymerization process

A method for providing improved estimates of properties of a chemical manufacturing process is disclosed. The method regesses process variables with scores or other gains obtained from the mathematical transformation of data obtained from an on-line analyzer. Chemical manufacturing porcesses using the method also are disclosed.

Process and method for chemical manufacturing using transformation of on-line instrumentation data

A method for providing improved estimates of properties of a chemical manufacturing process is disclosed. The method regesses process variables with scores or other gains obtained from the mathematical transformation of data obtained from an on-line analyzer. Chemical manufacturing processes using the method also are disclosed.

Method for improving a polymerisation reaction by taking out and analysing a sample

The invention relates to a device for taking out and analysing a sample from a polymerisation reactor comprising one or more sample conduits (2), for taking a sample out of said reactor and for conducting said sample to one or more sample flash tanks (3), whereby said conduits each are in communication with said reactor (19) and each are provided with at least two sampling valves (4, 5); comprising one or more sample flash tanks (3), for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby said sample flash tanks are connected to said conduits (2) and provided with means for analysing said evaporated gas (7), and comprising one or more sample receivers (6), for purifying said solid particles, whereby said receivers are connected to said sample flash tanks (3) and provided with means (8) for analysing said solid particles. The invention further relates to a method for improving a polymerisation reaction in a polymerisation reactor.

method for operating a gas phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer viscosity

MéTODO PARA OPERAçãO DE UM REATOR DE FASE GáS EM OU PRóXIMO DAS TAXAS DE PRODUçãO MAXIMAS ENQUANTO CONTROLA A VISCOSIDADE DO POLìMERO A presente presente invenção refere-se à operação de pelo menos um reator de fase gás em ou próximo de taxas de produção máximas e a medição e controle das viscosidades do polímero em uma polimerização de reator de fase gás. Em particular, as concretizações refere-se ao monitoramento de emissões acústicas em um reator durante polimerização de fase gás para determinar o começo da viscosidade do reator e possivelmente descontinuidade de eventos tais como formação de pedaços e laminação resultantes desta viscosidade. Concretizações também refere-se ao monitoramento de emissões acústicas para determinar a necessidade de controle efetivo de parâmetros que minimizam a viscosidade do reator e, desse modo, impedindo eventos de descontinuidade. As emissões são processadas pela média aritmética. METHOD FOR OPERATING A GAS PHASE REACTOR AT OR NEAR MAXIMUM PRODUCTION RATES WHILE CONTROLING THE POLYMER'S VISCOSITY The present invention relates to the operation of at least one gas phase reactor at or near maximum production rates and measurement and control of polymer viscosities in a gas phase reactor polymerization. In particular, the embodiments relate to the monitoring of acoustic emissions in a reactor during gas phase polymerization to determine the start of the reactor viscosity and possibly discontinuity of events such as chip formation and lamination resulting from this viscosity. Achievements also refer to the monitoring of acoustic emissions to determine the need for effective control of parameters that minimize the viscosity of the reactor and, thus, preventing discontinuity events. Emissions are processed using the arithmetic mean.

Method for operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer stickiness

Embodiments of the present invention relate to operating at least one gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates and to measuring and controlling polymer stickiness in a gas phase reactor polymerization. In particular, embodiments relate to monitoring acoustic emissions in a reactor during gas phase polymerization to determine the onset of reactor stickiness and possibly discontinuity events such as chunking and sheeting resulting from that stickiness. Embodiments also relate to monitoring acoustic emissions to determine the need for effective control of parameters that minimize reactor stickiness and thereby preventing discontinuity events. The emissions are processed by arithmetic averaging.

在等于或接近于最大生产速率下操作气相反应器同时控制聚合物粘着性的方法

本发明的实施方案涉及在等于或接近于最大生产速率下操作至少一个气相反应器以及测量和控制气相反应器聚合中聚合物粘着性。具体来说，实施方案涉及监测在气相聚合期间反应器中的声波发射以测定反应器粘着性，和可能地中断现象如由该粘着性引起的结块和成片的开始。实施方案还涉及监测声波发射以测定对参数的有效控制的需要，所述参数使反应器粘着性最小化并因此防止中断现象。通过算术平均处理该发射值。

Method and Apparatus for Monitoring Polyolefin Production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits or other equipment of a polyolefin production system and upstream systems. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits or other equipment. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine one or more properties of interest of the contents.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes can be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements can be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements can be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit can be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Temperature control for polymerizing particulate polyolefin

A method is described that includes contacting an olefin with a catalyst in a polymerization reactor, polymerizing at least a portion of the olefin to form an alpha olefin reaction product, detecting a condition within the polymerization reactor, determining an average temperature of at least one olefin product particle based on the condition, determining an operating particle temperature threshold using a foul curve, comparing the average temperature of the polymer particle to the operating particle temperature threshold, changing one or more operating parameters in response to the comparing, and maintaining the average temperature of the olefin polymer particle at or below the operating particle temperature threshold in response to changing the one or more operating parameters. The alpha olefin reaction product includes a plurality of olefin polymer particles, and the polymerization reactor includes a reaction mixture that includes the olefin, the catalyst, a diluent, and the alpha olefin reaction product.

Temperature control for polymerizing particulate polyolefin

用于使颗粒状聚烯烃聚合的温度控制

本发明描述了一种方法，其包括使烯烃与催化剂在聚合反应器中接触，使至少一部分烯烃聚合以形成α烯烃反应产物，检测聚合反应器内的条件，基于该条件确定至少一种烯烃产物颗粒的平均温度，使用污垢曲线确定操作颗粒温度阈值，将聚合物颗粒的平均温度与操作颗粒温度阈值进行比较，响应于该比较来改变一种或多种操作参数，并且响应于改变一种或多种操作参数，将烯烃聚合物颗粒的平均温度维持在操作颗粒温度阈值下或低于操作颗粒温度阈值。α烯烃反应产物包括多种烯烃聚合物颗粒，并且聚合反应器包括包含烯烃、催化剂、稀释剂和α烯烃反应产物的反应混合物。

Control de la temperatura para la polimerizacion de particulas de poliolefina.

Se describe un método que incluye poner en contacto una olefina con un catalizador en un reactor de polimerización, polimerizar al menos una porción de la olefina para formar un producto de reacción de alfa olefina, detectar una condición dentro del reactor de polimerización, determinar una temperatura promedio de al menos una partícula de producto de olefina con base en la condición, determinar un umbral de temperatura de partícula de operación utilizando una curva de contaminación, comparar la temperatura promedio de la partícula de polímero con el umbral de temperatura de partícula de operación, cambiar uno o más parámetros de operación en respuesta a la comparación, y mantener la temperatura promedio de la partícula de polímero de olefina a o por debajo del umbral de temperatura de partícula de operación en respuesta al cambio de uno o más parámetros de operación. El producto de reacción de alfa olefina incluye una pluralidad de partículas de polímero de olefina, y el reactor de polimerización incluye una mezcla de reacción que incluye la olefina, el catalizador, un diluyente y el producto de reacción de alfa olefina.

Temperature control for polymerizing polyolefin particles

Un proceso de polimerizacion, que comprende: poner en contacto una olefina con un catalizador en un reactor de polimerizacion; polimerizar al menos una porcion de la olefina para formar un producto de reaccion de alfa olefina, en donde el producto de reaccion de alfa olefina esta en forma de una pluralidad de particulas de polimero de olefina, en donde el reactor de polimerizacion comprende una mezcla de reaccion que comprende la olefina, el catalizador, un diluyente y el producto de reaccion de alfa olefina; y tambien (A) detectar, por el sensor, una condicion dentro del reactor de polimerizacion, en donde la condicion comprende una temperatura de la masa de fluido; determinar, mediante un procesador, una temperatura media de al menos una particula de polimero de olefina de la pluralidad de particulas de polimero de olefina en base a la condicion determinar un umbral de temperatura operativa de la particula mediante el uso de una curva de incrustacion, que relaciona las propiedades de la particula de polimero y las condiciones del reactor con la temperatura de incrustacion, en donde la temperatura de incrustacion proporciona una medida del punto en donde las particulas de polimero se adhieren a la superficie interior del reactor, comparar, por el procesador, la temperatura media de la al menos una particula de polimero de olefina con el umbral de temperatura operativa de la particula, en donde la temperatura operativa de la particula es menor que la temperatura de incrustacion determinada por una curva de incrustacion, y donde la relacion de la temperatura operativa a la temperatura de incrustacion es mayor que 0,9 cuando las temperaturas se comparan en una escala de temperatura Rankine [Rankine = Kelvin * 1,8]; cambiar uno o mas parametros de operacion en respuesta a la comparacion; y mantener la temperatura media de la al menos una particula de polimero de olefina en o por debajo del umbral de temperatura operativa de la particula en respuesta al cambio de uno o ...

用于使颗粒状聚烯烃聚合的温度控制

本发明描述了一种方法，其包括使烯烃与催化剂在聚合反应器中接触，使至少一部分烯烃聚合以形成α烯烃反应产物，检测聚合反应器内的条件，基于该条件确定至少一种烯烃产物颗粒的平均温度，使用污垢曲线确定操作颗粒温度阈值，将聚合物颗粒的平均温度与操作颗粒温度阈值进行比较，响应于该比较来改变一种或多种操作参数，并且响应于改变一种或多种操作参数，将烯烃聚合物颗粒的平均温度维持在操作颗粒温度阈值下或低于操作颗粒温度阈值。α烯烃反应产物包括多种烯烃聚合物颗粒，并且聚合反应器包括包含烯烃、催化剂、稀释剂和α烯烃反应产物的反应混合物。

Temperature control for polymerizing particulate polyolefin

A method is described that includes contacting an olefin with a catalyst in a polymerization reactor, polymerizing at least a portion of the olefin to form an alpha olefin reaction product, detecting a condition within the polymerization reactor, determining an average temperature of at least one olefin product particle based on the condition, determining an operating particle temperature threshold using a foul curve, comparing the average temperature of the polymer particle to the operating particle temperature threshold, changing one or more operating parameters in response to the comparing, and maintaining the average temperature of the olefin polymer particle at or below the operating particle temperature threshold in response to changing the one or more operating parameters. The alpha olefin reaction product includes a plurality of olefin polymer particles, and the polymerization reactor includes a reaction mixture that includes the olefin, the catalyst, a diluent, and the alpha olefin reaction product.

采用在线仪器数据转换的化学制造工艺和方法

本发明涉及采用在线仪器数据转换的化学制造工艺和方法。具体地，本发明公开了一种提供对化学制造工艺中性质的矫正的估计方法。该法用在线分析仪上获得的数据，经数学转换后得到的计算值或其它增量回归工艺变量。也公开了使用该方法的化学制造工艺。

Method for reaction control of exothermic reaction and apparatus therefore

THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO METHOD FOR REACTION CONTROL OF AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION, COMPRISING THE STEPS: i. CARRYING OUT AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION IN A REACTOR (1) TO PRODUCE PRODUCT, ii. MEASURING TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE IN THE REACTOR (1), AND iii. INTRODUCING INERT PRODUCT ALREADY PRODUCED PREVIOUSLY IN THE EXOTHERMIC REACTION FROM A STORAGE CONTAINER (8) INTO THE REACTOR (1), IF TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE EXCEED(S) CRITICAL VALUE(S) AS WELL AS AN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION.

Slurry loop reactor polymerization rate and quality controller

A process and system for maintaining optimum polymerization production in a loop polymerization reactor by continuously and periodically obtaining polymerization results, such as melt index (MI), production rate and ash content of the polymer produced, determining whether each of the results is within desired ranges, storing and averaging recently obtained results in a database within a reaction rate controller program, and when one of the results is out of the desired range modifying at least one reaction parameter set-point such as monomer concentration, catalyst feed rate and reactor temperature to drive any out-of-range polymerization result(s) toward the desired range for that result.

Method for Controlling Hydrogenation

본 발명은 수소화 반응기에서, 출발 물질의 수소화를 제어하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 방법에 따라, 수소화 도중 반응한 수소의 양을 먼저 결정하고, 그 후 반응한 수소의 양과 공급된 출발 물질의 양의 비를 계산하고, 상기 비를 소정의 설정 값과 비교하고, 마지막으로 반응한 수소의 양과 공급된 출발 물질의 양의 비가 소정의 양 만큼 상기 소정의 설정 값으로부터 벗어날 경우 적어도 하나의 공정 변수를 조절한다. The present invention relates to a method for controlling the hydrogenation of starting materials in a hydrogenation reactor. According to the method of the present invention, the amount of hydrogen reacted during the hydrogenation is first determined, then the ratio of the amount of reacted hydrogen to the amount of starting material supplied is calculated, the ratio is compared with a predetermined set value, and finally At least one process variable is adjusted when the ratio of the amount of hydrogen reacted with the amount of starting material supplied is out of the predetermined set value by a predetermined amount. 수소화, 공정 변수, 수소화 반응기 Hydrogenation, process parameters, hydrogenation reactor

Flow type reactor and manufacturing facility including same

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a new flow type reactor in which an internal temperature can be measured. This flow type reactor is characterized by including a tubular reaction line, and an internal temperature measuring portion provided in at least one location on the tubular reaction line, wherein a temperature sensitive portion of a thermometer is inserted into the tubular reaction line in the internal temperature measuring portion.

Flow reactor and manufacturing facility comprising the flow reactor

An object is to provide a novel flow reactor capable of measuring the internal temperature. The flow reactor including a tubular reaction line, wherein the flow reactor further includes an internal temperature measurement unit provided at one or more location of the tubular reaction line, the internal temperature measurement unit includes a thermometer with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is inserted into the tubular reaction line.

Flow type reactor and manufacturing facility including same

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel flow reactor capable of measuring the internal temperature. The flow reactor according to the present invention including a tubular reaction line, wherein the flow reactor further includes an internal temperature measurement unit provided at one or more locations of the tubular reaction line, the internal temperature measurement unit includes a thermometer with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is inserted into the tubular reaction line.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits or other equipment of a polyolefin production system and upstream systems. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits or other equipment. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine one or more properties of interest of the contents.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

The present technique provides for the use of spectroscopic probes, such as Raman probes, within the conduits of a polyolefin production system. The Raman probe or other spectroscopic probes may be used to obtain spectroscopic measurements of the contents of the conduits. The spectroscopic measurements may be processed and analyzed to determine the composition of the conduit contents. In addition, the spectroscopic measurements may be used in conjunction with correlations or other statistical models to determine one or more properties of interest of a constituent of the conduit contents. One or more processes upstream and/or downstream of the conduit may be adjusted in response to the determined composition or composition properties.

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

Method and apparatus for monitoring polyolefin production

Process and method for chemical manufacturing using transformation of on-line instrumentation data

A method for providing improved estimates of properties of a chemical manufacturing process is disclosed. The method regesses process variables with scores or other gains obtained from the mathematical transformation of data obtained from an on-line analyzer. Chemical manufacturing processes using the method also are disclosed.

Slurry loop reactor polymerization rate and quality controller

A process and system for maintaining optimum polymerization production in a loop polymerization reactor by continuously and periodically obtaining polymerization results, such as melt index (MI), production rate and ash content of the polymer produced, determining whether each of the results is within desired ranges, storing and averaging recently obtained results in a database within a reaction rate controller program, and when one of the results is out of the desired range modifying at least one reaction parameter set-point such as monomer concentration, catalyst feed rate and reactor temperature to drive any out-of-range polymerization result(s) toward the desired range for that result.

A method of reforming a liquid reformable fuel and a method of steam reforming a liquid reformable fuel

Controlling temperature within a catalyst bed in a reactor vessel

A quenching medium is delivered directly to selected regions or locations within a catalyst bed in a hydroprocessing reactor vessel in order to control the reactivity of a hydroprocess occurring in the selected regions or locations separately from other regions or locations. Temperature sensors for providing temperature indications and conduits for delivering the quench medium are distributed throughout the catalyst bed. One or more conduits can be selected for delivery of the quenching medium to selected regions or locations so that separate control of the level of reactivity in each of various regions or locations throughout the bed can be achieved.

Liquid fuel cpox reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity

일체화된 액체 연료 촉매부분산화 (CPOX) 개질장치 및 연료 전지 시스템은 복수의 또는 하나의 어레이의 이격된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들을 포함할 수 있고, 각 반응기 유닛은 내부 표면과 외부 표면이 있는 기체-투과성 벽을 가지는 세장관을 포함하고, 상기 벽은 개구형 기체 플로우 통로를 둘러싸고 상기 벽의 적어도 하나의 부분은 내부에 배치되는, 그리고/또는 그 구조를 포함하여 구성되는 CPOX 촉매를 가지며, 상기 촉매-포함 벽 섹션은 기체 CPOX 반응혼합물을 내부에서 확산하고 생성 수소풍부 리포메이트를 외부로 확산하는 것을 것을 허용하는 기체-투과성이다. 액체 연료 CPOX 개질장치는 또한 기화기, 하나 이상의 점화기, 액체 개질가능 연료 공급원을 포함할 수 있다. 수소-풍부 리포메이트는 액체 연료 CPOX 반응기 유닛과 일체화된 연료 전지 유닛 내에서 전기로 전환될 수 있다.

Liquid fuel cpox reformers and methods of cpox reforming

본 발명의 액체 연료 촉매 부분 산화(CPOX) 개질장치는, 복수의 또는 이격된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들의 어레이를 포함할 수 있고, 각 반응기 유닛은 내부 표면과 외부 표면이 있는 벽을 가지는 세장관을 포함하며, 상기 벽은 개구형 기체 플로우 통로를 둘러싸고, CPOX 촉매가 상기 벽의 적어도 하나의 섹션에 배치되거나 그 벽 구조를 포함하여 구성된다. 상기 촉매-포함 벽 구조 및 이에 의해 둘러싸인 개구형 기체 플로우 통로는 기체-상 CPOX 반응구역을 구획하고, 상기 촉매-포함 벽 섹션은 기체 CPOX 반응 혼합물이 그 내부에서 확산하고 생성 수소-풍부 리포메이트가 그 외부로 확산하는 것을 허용하는 기체-투과성이다. CPOX 반응기 유닛의 CPOX 반응구역의 적어도 외부 표면은 수소 배리어를 포함할 수 있다. 본 액체 연료 CPOX 개질장치는 또한 하나의 기화기, 하나 이상의 점화기와, 액체 개질가능 연료 공급원을 포함할 수 있다.

Liquid fuel reformer including a vaporizer and method of reforming liquid reformable fuel

본 액체 연료 개질장치는, 상기 개질장치의 시동모드에서 작동하는, 상류의 열원, 구체적으로 전기 히터에서 나온 열, 따라서 상기 개질 장치의 개질 반응구역과 독립적인 열을 이용하여 하류의 기화구역에서 연료를 기화하는 연료기화기를 포함한다.

Multi-tubular chemical reactor with igniter for initiation of gas phase exothermic reactions

본 발명의 다중-관형 화학 반응기는 그 관형 반응기 유닛들의 기상 반응 구역들 내에서 기상 발열 반응의 시동을 위한 점화기를 포함한다.

Liquid fuel cpox reformers and methods of cpox reforming

液体燃料催化部分氧化(CPOX)重整器可包括多个隔开的CPOX反应器单元(408’)、或者隔开的CPOX反应器单元(408’)的阵列，各反应器单元(408’)包括具有拥有内表面和外表面的透气性壁的伸长管，所述壁围封开放的气流通道并且所述壁的至少一部分将CPOX催化剂设置于其中和/或包括它的结构体。所述包含催化剂的壁结构和由其围封的开放的气流通道限定气相CPOX反应区(409’)，所述包含催化剂的壁段是透气性的以容许气态CPOX反应混合物在其中扩散和富含氢气的产物重整物从其扩散。CPOX反应区的至少外表面可包括氢气阻挡物。所述液体燃料CPOX重整器可包括气化器(415’)、一个或多个点火器(435’)、以及液体可重整燃料的来源。

Duel utilization liquid and gaseous fuel reformer and method of reforming

A dual utilization liquid and gaseous fuel CPOX reformer that includes reaction zones for the CPOX reforming of liquid and gaseous reformable fuels. A reforming method is also provided. The method comprises reforming a first gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and vaporized liquid fuel and before or after this step, reforming second gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and gaseous fuel to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.

Method for controlling a reforming reaction by measurement of the temperature of the reforming tubes and functional parameter modification

Apparatus for decreasing carbon monoxide and its driving

(57)【要約】 【課題】 起動した際に、選択酸化触媒を有するＣＯ選 択酸化部の内部温度を、できる限り短い時間で、所定の 温度以上に上昇させることが可能な一酸化炭素低減装置 及びその駆動方法を提供する。 【解決手段】 ＣＯ選択酸化部１２０の内部には選択酸 化触媒１２１の他に所定量の酸化触媒１２２が充填され ている。この酸化触媒１２２は、水素リッチガス中の酸 化可能なガス成分の酸化反応を室温と同等の温度におい ても促進することが可能な触媒であり、白金（Ｐｔ）触 媒を用いる。ＣＯ選択酸化部１２０の内部温度が室温と 同等の温度であっても、この白金触媒の働きにより、水 素リッチガス中の酸化可能なガス成分を、酸化ガス中の 酸素によって酸化させることができる。従って、その酸 化反応によって発熱するため、水素リッチガスの温度を 上昇させて、ＣＯ選択酸化部１２０の内部温度を上昇さ せることができる。

Hydrogen generator

In a hydrogen generator comprising a reforming unit having a material supply unit and a water supply unit, and a burner for heating the reforming unit, having a fuel supply unit and an air supply unit, a control unit is arranged for controlling the amount of air to be supplied from the air supply unit to the burner, based on the temperature of the reforming unit and the amount of a raw material supplied to the reforming unit, in order to make the combustion state of the burner stable so as to improves the operation and convenience thereof.