СПОСОБ ПОКРЫТИЯ ВНУТРЕННИХ СТЕНОК РЕАКТОРНЫХ ТРУБ В РЕАКТОРЕ ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Способ "on-line" нанесения непрерывной пленки покрытия на внутреннюю стенку реакторной трубы в реакторе пиролиза углеводорода для предотвращения образования и осаждения кокса на внутренних стенках. Этот способ включает стадии осаждения из паровой фазы смешанного раствора алкоксида металла и соединения хрома на внутренних стенках одновременно с введением носителя при расходе 1-5000 кг/ч/змеевик при 600-900oС под давлением 0-3 кг/см2, чтобы сформировать буферный слой на внутренних стенках, осаждение из паровой фазы алкоксида металла в качестве барьера на буферный слой и осаждение из паровой фазы соединения щелочного металла/щелочноземельного металла как такового или в смеси с алкоксидом металла в качестве удаляющего кокс слоя на барьере. Удаляющий кокс слой может быть дополнительно обеспечен на диффузионном барьере. Техническим результатом изобретения является увеличение продолжительности цикла работы реактора, сокращение издержек на сжигание кокса и повышение производительности целевых продуктов ...

СТОЯК-РЕАКТОР КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА

Изобретение относится к реакторам каталитического крекинга. Описан стояк-реактор каталитического крекинга, простирающийся между входом для углеводородного сырья и частиц катализатора и выходом для отходящих крекированных продуктов и частиц отработанного катализатора, причем этот стояк-реактор снабжен внутренней огнеупорной футеровкой и как минимум одним контактным устройством, отличающийся тем, что упомянутое контактное устройство содержит композит из огнеупорного материала и металлическую конструкцию, которая укреплена на внешней стенке стояка-реактора. Технический результат - описанная металлическая конструкция обеспечивает прочное сцепление и усиление огнеупорного материала. 4 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил.

СТОЯК-РЕАКТОР КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА

... 1. Стояк-реактор каталитического крекинга, простирающийся между входом для углеводородного сырья и частиц катализатора и выходом для отходящих крекированных продуктов и частиц отработанного катализатора, причем этот стояк-реактор снабжен внутренней огнеупорной футеровкой и как минимум одним контактным устройством, отличающийся тем, что упомянутое контактное устройство содержит композит из огнеупорного материала и металлическую конструкцию, которая укреплена на внешней стенке стояка-реактора. ! 2. Реактор по п.1, в котором присутствует множество контактных устройств, расположенных по оси вдоль внутренней поверхности стояка-реактора на расстоянии друг от друга. ! 3. Реактор по п.1 или 2, в котором контактное устройство выбирают в форме сегмента дуги и кольцевого канала. ! 4. Реактор по п.1 или 2, в котором металлическая конструкция имеет форму многозубчатой вилки. ! 5. Реактор по п.1 или 2, в котором огнеупорный материал выбирают из группы, состоящей из диоксида кремния, оксида алюминия, ...

Formation of corrosion resistant coatings on reactor walls

The imperforate metal walls of a reactor suitable for effecting the oxidation of a titanium tetrahalide to TiO2 are coated by applying an aqueous slurry of white, particulate TiO2 to the said walls and drying the coating to obtain a glazed, thermoreflective coating of TiO2 firmly adherent to said walls and from 0.001 to 0.1 inch thick. The metal walls may be of Ni, Fe, steel, Al, high nickel alloy, Zr, Ti or thoriated nickel. In examples, TiCl4 is oxidized to TiO2 with oxygen in a reactor with TiO2-coated nickel or steel walls.ALSO:A reactor suitable for effecting the oxidation of a titanium tetrahalide to tianium dioxide at elevated temperatures comprises a reaction zone, the imperforate metal walls of which have been coated with an adherent, glazed, thermoreflective coating of TiO2 by applying an aqueous slurry of TiO2 to the walls and drying the coating formed. The metal is, e.g. Ni, Fe, Al, Zr, Ti, steel, a high nickel alloy or thoriated nickel. In the drawing (not shown), wall 7 of ...

Inhibition of build-up in reaction vessels

Method of manufacturing a tube sheet and heat exchanger for a pool reactor or pool condenser; corresponding tube sheet and heat exchanger assembly

Method of manufacturing a tube sheet and heat exchanger for a pool reactor or pool condenser; corresponding tube sheet and heat exchanger assembly

Method of manufacturing a tube sheet and heat exchanger for a pool reactor or pool condenser; corresponding tube sheet and heat exchanger assembly

CHEMICAL MICROWAVE REACTOR

A reactor with silicide-coated metal surfaces

In an embodiment, a reactor includes a section, wherein at least a portion of the section includes a base layer, wherein the base layer has a first composition that contains a silicide-forming metal element; and a suicide coating layer, wherein the suicide coating layer is formed by a process of exposing, at a first temperature above 600 degrees Celsius and a sufficient low pressure, the base layer having a sufficient amount of the silicide-forming metal element to a sufficient amount of a silicon source gas having a sufficient amount of silicon element, wherein the silicon source gas is capable of decomposing to produce the sufficient amount of silicon element at a second temperature below 1000 degrees Celsius; reacting the sufficient amount of the silicide-forming metal element with the sufficient amount of silicon element, and forming the suicide coating layer.

Coating method on the inner walls of the reaction tubes in a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor

Method of removing reactive metal from a metal-coated reactor system

Coated article for hot hydrocarbon fluid and method of preventing fuel thermal degradation deposits

REACTOR SEALING METHODS

Novel means for sealing reactors used in reaction processes are disclosed. A catalyst impregnated carrier material is provided in the gap between the monolith catalyst and the refractory lining of the reactor. The catalytic carriers are the same catalyst materials or have substantially similar catalytic activity as the catalytic monolith. Additionally, the catalytic material is applied as a thin catalytic film deposited on the refractory lining. These methods provide not only pressure drop to minimize reactant flow along the inner wall of refractory lining, but also additional active reaction zone. This sealing method is suitable for any types of reactions on catalytic monoliths, particularly syngas production by partial oxidation of methane to reduce methane and oxygen leakages.

Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der Durchlässigkeit und Angreifbarkeit der Wände eines eine aggressive Flüssigkeit enthaltenden Gefässes aus feuerfestem Material

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schutzüberzuges auf metallischen Bauteilen.

Verfahren zur Verhütung von Korrosionen bei der Harnstoffsynthese

Protective films of metal oxides at the surface of metals or alloys

A process is described for forming protective metal oxide films on the surface of metals or alloys, surfaces which are liable to become fouled by carbon deposition, to be corroded or to exert a catalytic activity. This process consists first of all in preoxidising the surface of the substrate and then depositing on this preoxidised surface an oxide of one of the following metals: Ca, Mg, Al, Ga, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb or Cr by means of the vapour-phase decomposition of a volatile compound of the metal in question, this compound containing at least one oxygen-metal bond. Nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, air or steam can be employed as carrier gas for the metal compound.

СПОСОБ СУЛЬФИРОВАНИЯ СЫРЬЯ В РЕАКЦИОННЫХ СОСУДАХ

... 1. Способ сульфирования, включающий обработку сульфируемого исходного сырья источником триоксида серы, отличающийся тем, что способ проводят в реакционном сосуде, поверхности которого, подвергающиеся воздействию реакционной смеси реакции сульфирования, имеют покрытие, включающее диоксид марганца. 2. Способ сульфирования по п.1, в котором покрытие, включающее диоксид марганца, формируется путем обработки поверхностей реакционного сосуда, подвергаемых воздействию реакционной смеси реакции сульфирования, жидкостью для предварительной обработки, содержащей источник марганца. 3. Способ сульфирования по п.2, в котором жидкость для предварительной обработки представляет собой водный раствор водорастворимой соли марганца. 4. Способ сульфирования по п.3, в котором водорастворимой солью марганца является перманганатная соль, предпочтительно перманганат калия. 5. Способ сульфирования по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором покрытые поверхности реакционного сосуда являются нержавеющей сталью ...

PROTECTED FROM CORROSION TUBE FOR REFORMING WITH INTERNAL HEAT

INHIBITION OF NARASTANII IN REACTION VESSELS

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONNECTION UNIT TUBE PLATE AND HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THE POOL REACTOR OR OF THE POOL CONDENSER AND CORRESPONDING CONNECTION UNIT TUBE PLATE AND HEAT EXCHANGER

A method for reducing the permeability of materials

REACTION VESSEL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

Container for holding high purity isopropyl alcohol

REFRACTORIES

... 1298158 Refractories PPG INDUSTRIES Inc 9 March 1970 [10 March 1969] 11109/70 Heading C1J [Also in Divisions B1 and F4] Refractory bricks are protected against corrosion by superficially coating them with a refractory metal oxide powder so that the pores in the bricks become filled. A dry refractory brick assembly is made by filling the joints between individual bricks with the oxide powder. Out of an extensive list of oxides and complex oxides, e.g. phosphates, silicates, zirconates, chromates, aluminates, titanates &c., the preferred examples are SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 , mullite (3Al 2 O 2 .2SiO 2 ) and zircon (ZrO 2 .SiO 2 ) or mixtures thereof.

Procedure for the reduction of the permeability and open to attackness of the walls an aggressive melt of containing container from fireproof material

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A TUBE SHEET AND HEAT EXCHANGER ASSEMBLY FOR A POOL REACTOR OR POOL CONDENSER ; CORRESPONDING TUBE SHEET AND HEAT EXCHANGER ASSEMBLY

The present application relates to a method of manufacturing a tube sheet (7) and heat exchanger assembly for a pool reactor or pool condenser for use in the production of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, wherein the method comprises manufacturing of the tube sheet (7) from a carbon steel material grade and providing said tube sheet (7) with corrosion protective layers (8, 9) of an austenitic- ferritic duplex stainless steel grade, wherein the heat exchanger comprises at least one U-shaped tube (13) of an austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel grade, the method further comprises inserting at least two sleeves (11) of an austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel grade through the tube sheet (7) such that both ends of the sleeve (11) extend in a direction away from the tube sheet (7), the method further comprises connecting the sleeves (11), at least the opposing ends thereof, to at least the protective layers (8,9) of the tube sheet (7) and finally, connecting both ends of the ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A TUBE SHEET AND HEAT EXCHANGER ASSEMBLY FOR A POOL REACTOR OR POOL CONDENSER; CORRESPONDING TUBE SHEET AND HEAT EXCHANGER ASSEMBLY

АППАРАТ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕРМОФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ЖИДКОГО АММИАКА НА ГАЗООБРАЗНЫЕ АЗОТ И ВОДОРОД

Компактный аппарат для термофизического каталитического разделения жидкого аммиака (давление 10 бар) с целью получения водорода и азота в газообразном состоянии. Аппарат состоит из трех реакторов, расположенных каскадно; в первых двух реакторах осуществляется термокаталитическое разделение, а третий реактор выполняет функцию микроволнового резонатора. После заключительного прохождения через очиститель получается водород, пригодный для питания топливных щелочных элементов. Оборудование на борту автотранспортных средств обеспечивает производство электроэнергии для привода автотранспортного средства с выходом около 12000 кДж/кг NH3.

PLASMA PROCESSING CONTAINER INTERNAL MEMBER AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

A plasma processing container internal member excellent in chemical corrosion and plasma erosion resistance under an environment containing halogen gases, and an advantageous production method therefor, the member being formed by coating the front surface of a substrate by a multi-layer composite layer consisting of a metal coating formed as an under-coat, an AlO coating formed as an intermediate layer on the under-coat, and a YO spray deposit formed as a top-coat on the intermediate layer.2323 © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Container for holding high purity isopropyl alcohol

The present invention relates to a container for holding high purity isopropyl alcohol (IPA) used in the electronic industry, which extremely dislike the inclusion of metal impurities. The container made of metal for holding high purity IPA, wherein at least the inside surface layer of the container is composed of nickel.

Window resistant to hydrofluoric acid

Reaction container, useful for preparing hydrogen sulfide by reacting sulfur and hydrogen, comprises optionally connecting device, armature, measuring- and regulating- device containing a material having aluminum

Reaction container, useful for preparing hydrogen sulfide by reacting sulfur and hydrogen, comprises optionally connecting device, armature, measuring- and regulating- device containing a material having aluminum, which is partially or completely stable against the reaction mixture.

Improvements in the manufacture and production of polymerisation products of diolefines

... 336,339. Johnson, J. Y., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). Aug. 2, 1929. Caoutchouc, synthetic. - The removal of the polymerization products of diolefines from the reaction vessel is facilitated by lining the vessel with a substance which does not adhere to the vessel or which may be readily removed therefrom. For example the vessel may be lined with paper, cardboard, textile fabrics, leather, sheet metal, films of cellulose derivatives or polymers of diolefines or rubber, and the diolefine polymers or rubber linings may be vulcanized or otherwise treated; or the vessel may be lined with waxes, readily fusible alloys or bitumen. It may be necessary to protect the lining by a special coating; thus in the case of montan wax, paraffin wax or bitumen which are soluble in butadiene, the lining must be coated with an insoluble substance such as nitrocellulose lacquer, a ureaformaldehyde condensation product or a film of gelatin or casein; and when a fusible alloy is used which might penetrate ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE PROTECTION OF INTERNAL COMPONENTS IN A PLANT FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEMICONDUCTORS.

INHIBITION OF BUILD-UP IN REACTION VESSELS

A method of inhibiting the build-up of a contaminating material in a sulph(on)ation reaction vessel in which the surfaces of the reaction vessel exposed to the sulphonation reaction mixture are pretreated with a fluid containing a source of manganese whereby a coating comprising mananese dioxide is formed on those surfaces.

HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOY, AND REACTION TUBE

The present invention provides a heat-resistant alloy and a reaction tube having exceptional oxidation resistance, mechanical properties such as tensile malleability, and welding properties. This heat-resistant alloy comprises, in mass%, 0.35-0.7% of C, more than 0% and no more than 1.5% of Si, more than 0% and no more than 2.0% of Mn, 22.0-40.0% of Cr, 25.0-48.3% of Ni, 1.5-4.5% of Al, and 0.01-0.6% of Ti, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. In addition, Pa < Ya, where Pa = -11.1 + 28.1 × C + 29.2 × Si - 0.25 × Ni - 45.6 × Ti, and Ya = -13.75 × Al + 63.75.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON HOCHMOLEKULAREN, GEGEBENENFALLS VERZWEIGTEN POLYARYLENSULFIDEN

Analysebehältnis sowie Analysesystem

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Analysebehältnis (1), aus einem Behältnismaterial (2), mit einer Kavität (3) zur zumindest zeitweisen Aufnahme einer, mit einem chemischen, physikalischen und/oder biologischen Verfahren zu analysierenden, bevorzugt fluiden, Analysesubstanz. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass eine Oberfläche der Kavität (3) zur unmittelbaren Kontaktierung der Analysesubstanz von einer ALD-Barrierebeschichtung (4) zur Vermeidung oder Reduzierung einer Diffusion von Atomen und/oder Ionen und/oder Molekülen aus dem Behältnismaterial (2) in die Analysesubstanz gebildet ist.

COMPOUND INJECTING PIPE

WITH SOLAR ENERGY OF OPERATIONS ROTARY REACTOR

PROCEDURE FOR THE SULPHONATION AS WELL AS PREVENTION OF DEPOSITS IN REACTOR VESSELS

Apparatus for liquid ammonia decomposition in gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen

HIGH TEMPERATURE HIGH PRESSURE CAPSULE FOR PROCESSING MATERIALS IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS

COMPOSITE SPARGER

CORROSION-PROTECTED REFORMER TUBE WITH INTERNAL HEAT EXCHANGE

A reformer tube for producing synthesis gas by steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing input gases is proposed where - an outer shell tube is divided by means of a separating tray into a reaction chamber and an exit chamber, - a dumped bed of a steam-reforming-active solid catalyst is arranged in the reaction chamber, - at least one heat exchanger tube is arranged inside the reaction chamber and inside the dumped catalyst bed, whose entry end is in fluid connection with the dumped catalyst bed and whose exit end is in fluid connection with the exit chamber, - the exit end of the heat exchanger tube is fed through the separating tray and opens out into a corrosion-protected inner tube which is disposed in the interior of the shell tube and is in fluid connection with a collection conduit for the synthesis gas product, - a gas-permeable thermal insulation layer is arranged between the inner wall of the shell tube and the outer wall of the inner tube.

COATED ARTICLE FOR HOT HYDROCARBON FLUID AND METHOD OF PREVENTING FUEL THERMAL DEGRADATION DEPOSITS

Articles for hot hydrocarbon fluid wherein the surface for contacting the fluid is a diffusion barrier material or a catalytic material coated on a metal substrate. The layer is either catalytically-inactive and inhibits the formation of coke in the fluid or catalytically-active and promotes the formation of a loosely adherent coke in the fluid while inhibiting the formation of gum in the fluid. Preferred catalyticallyactive and catalytically-inactive materials are metal oxides, such as zirconium oxide and amorphous tantalum oxide respectively, deposited on the surface of a metal substrate. The coating materials, i.e., the diffusion barrier coating material and the catalytic coating material, must be deposited by the effusive chemical vapor deposition of an organometallic compound on the surface without the use of carrier gas, without pre-oxidation of the surface and without thermal decomposition of the diffusion barrier material or the catalytic coating material. The article having the ...

Process of application of a protective coating and protective coating manufactured by this process

RISER REACTOR WITH FLOW DISRUPTORS

COMPOSITE SPARGER

A composite sparger for use in elevated temperature and corrosive environments. The composite sparger is formed from a thermally conductive non-combustible metal substrate. The surfaces of the conductive non-combustible metal exposed to the reactor environment are protected with a corrosion resistant layer. The corrosion resistant layer protects the substrate material from the corrosive environment of the reactor vessel and the substrate material conducts heat away from the corrosion resistant layer to prevent combustion of the corrosion resistant layer. The substrate material and corrosion resistant material may be selected so as to provide for sufficient thermal conduction to prevent combustion of the corrosion resistant material.

MICROREACTOR FOR RAPID PARALLEL TESTING OF CATALYSTS

Microreactor, in particular a test reactor with high throughput rate, with a reaction section (3) in which reactions can take place. The microreactor furthermore comprises an inlet section (2), connected to the reaction section (3), for feeding reactants to the reaction section (3) and an outlet section (4), connected to the reaction section (3), for discharging reaction products. The reaction section (3) comprises at least two reaction compartments (10) in which catalyst material to be tested can be placed. At least the reaction section (3) of the microreactor (1) is essentially made of a material that is able to withstand temperatures above 500 °C, for example above 700 °C, and that has good thermal conductivity of more than 50 W/mK, for example more than 100 W/mK. An example of such a material is molybdenum.

Rotary reactor using solar energy

According to the present invention, a reactor for direct utilization of external radiation heat for thermal or thermo-chemical material processes is disclosed, comprising: a) a containment can having a longitudinal axis, b) an external driving mechanism for controllable rotating the containment can, c) a cavity having a substantially cylindrical shape, said cavity being at least partially lined with an insulation layer and being disposed in said containment can, d) said cavity having at least one gas inlet and at least one gas outlet and an aperture for allowing to insert the external radiation heat into the cavity, e) a feeder mechanism being moveable along the longitudinal axis into and out of the cavity for supplying the material subject to the thermal or thermo-chemical material process; f) said at least one gas outlet is formed as a ring channel tube having an inner and an outer surface; whereby the feeder mechanism is at least partially hosted within a tube cavity defined by said ...

VERFAHREN ZUR SULFONIERUNG SOWIE VERHINDERUNG VON ABLAGERUNGEN IN REAKTORBEHÄLTERN

Corrosion-protected reformer tube with internal heat exchange

A reformer tube for producing synthesis gas by steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing input gases is proposed where - an outer shell tube is divided by means of a separating tray into a reaction chamber and an exit chamber, - a dumped bed of a steam-reforming-active solid catalyst is arranged in the reaction chamber, - at least one heat exchanger tube is arranged inside the reaction chamber and inside the dumped catalyst bed, whose entry end is in fluid connection with the dumped catalyst bed and whose exit end is in fluid connection with the exit chamber, - the exit end of the heat exchanger tube is fed through the separating tray and opens out into a corrosion-protected inner tube which is disposed in the interior of the shell tube and is in fluid connection with a collection conduit for the synthesis gas product, - a gas-permeable thermal insulation layer is arranged between the inner wall of the shell tube and the outer wall of the inner tube.

反应容器中积聚的抑制方法

... 抑制污染物在硫酸化(磺化)反应容器中积聚的方法，其中利用含有锰源的流体对暴露到磺化反应混合物的反应容器表面进行预处理，从而在这些表面上形成包含二氧化锰的涂层。 ...

Method to protect internal components of semiconductor processing equipment using layered superlattice materials

This invention relates to apparatus and a method to protect the internal components of semiconductor processing equipment such as a plasma reactor or a reactive species generator against physical and/or chemical damages during etching and/or cleaning processes. Layered superlattice materials having three or more metal elements such as strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) are used to form a protective barrier on the surfaces of the internal components of a reaction chamber.

Internal member for plasma-treating vessel and method of producing the same

It is to propose an internal member for a plasma treating vessel having excellent resistances to chemical corrosion and plasma erosion under an environment containing a halogen gas and an advantageous method of producing the same, which is a member formed by covering a surface of a substrate with a multilayer composite layer consisting of a metal coating formed as an undercoat, Al2O3 film formed on the undercoat as a middle layer and Y2O3 sprayed coating formed on the middle layer as a top coat.

Method to protect internal components of semiconductor processing equipment

This invention relates to apparatus and a method to protect the internal components of semiconductor processing equipment such as a plasma reactor or a reactive species generator against physical and/or chemical damages during etching and/or cleaning processes. Layered superlattice materials having three or more metal elements such as strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) are used to form a protective barrier on the surfaces of the internal components of a reaction chamber.

REACTOR SEALING METHOD

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel method for sealing a reactor used in a reaction process. SOLUTION: A catalyst impregnated carrier material is provided in the gap between a monolith catalyst and a refractory lining of the reactor. The catalytic carrier is the same catalyst material or has substantially the same catalytic activity as the catalytic monolith. Additionally, the catalyst material is applied as a thin catalytic film deposited on a refractory lining. These methods provide not only pressure drop to minimize reactant flow along the inner wall of the refractory lining, but also an additional active reaction zone. This sealing method is suitable for any type of reactions on catalytic monoliths, particularly syngas production by partial oxidation of methane to reduce methane and oxygen leakages. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT ...

СПОСОБ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ГИДРОДЕАЛКИЛИРОВАНИЯ, СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ СТОЙКОСТИ К НАУГЛЕРОЖИВАНИЮ И ОХРУПЧИВАНИЮ РЕШЕТКИ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ НЕКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО НЕКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ГИДРОДЕАЛКИЛИРОВАНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДА ПРИ НИЗКОМ СОДЕРЖАНИИ СЕРЫ

Способ термического гидродеалкилирования гидродеалкилирующегося углеводорода заключается в обработке хотя бы части реакционной системы для гидродеалкилирования стойким к науглероживанию составом и введении углеводорода в контакт с водородом в некаталитических условиях гидродеалкилирования. Повышение стойкости к науглероживанию и охрупчиванию центральной трубчатой решетки термической некаталитической реакционной системы достигается гальваническим или термохимическим покрытием решетки медью, оловом, мышьяком, сурьмой, германием, галлием, индием, селеном, теллуром, свинцом, висмутом или хромом или их сплавами. Применение способа по изобретению позволяет осуществить деалкилирование гидродеалкилирующегося углеводорода в отсутствие серы. 3 c. и 25 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил. Эбургс гс ПЧ Го (19) РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ ВИ” 2131 406. (51) МПК 13) Сл С 07 С 4/16, В 01 4 19/02, С 10 С 75/04, 35/02 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 95117926/04, 04.01.1994 (30) Приоритет: 04.01.1993 1$ 08000.017 (46) Дата публикации: 10.06.1999 (56) Ссылки: МО 92/15653 АЛ, 17.09.92. 4$ 4058452 А, 31.07.82. 5Ц 2541198 АЛ, 07.02.90. $9 982529 АЛ, 15.12.82. ЕР 0055180 А2, 30.06.82. СВ 1122017 А, 31.07.68. СВ 1054121 А, 04.01.67. ЕР 0082920 А_2, 06.07.83. ($ 4692323 А, 08.09.87. ОЕ 3201816 АЛ, 08.09.83. ОЕ 3246504 АТ, 20.06.94. 0$ 4444132 А, 24.04.84. (85) Дата перевода заявки РСТ на национальную фазу: 04.08.95 (86) Заявка РСТ: 1$ 9400106 (04.01.94) (87) Публикация РСТ: М/О 94/15896 (21.07.94) (98) Адрес для переписки: 103735, Москва, ул.Ильинка, 5/2, Союзпатент (71) Заявитель: Шеврон Кемикал Компани (Ц5) (72) Изобретатель: Джон В.Хейс (ЦЗ), Бернард Ф.Мулаский (1$), Роберт А.Иннс (0$), Дэниел П.Хейгвиш (4$), Вильям Дж.Канелла (($), Дэвид С.Крамер (1$) (73) Патентообладатель: Шеврон Кемикал Компани (1$) (54) СПОСОБ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ГИДРОДЕАЛКИЛИРОВАНИЯ, СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ СТОЙКОСТИ К НАУГЛЕРОЖИВАНИЮ И ОХРУПЧИВАНИЮ РЕШЕТКИ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ...

ЗАЩИТНОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ ДЛЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ПОВЕРХНОСТЕЙ И ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЕ

... 1. Применение композиции, содержащей наношкальный порошок, пористый керамический порошок и растворитель, для защиты металлической поверхности от химических воздействий при высоких температурах в особенности в восстанавливающей и/или науглероживающей атмосфере.2. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что в качестве дополнительного компонента композиция содержит по меньшей мере одно соединение типа шпинели в частности в порошкообразной форме.3. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что в качестве дополнительного компонента композиция содержит по меньшей мере один каталитически активный компонент, выбранный из группы, включающей оксиды переходных металлов, оксиды редкоземельных металлов и/или благородные металлы.4. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что средний размер частиц наношкального порошка составляет от 5 до 100 нм, предпочтительно от 5 до 50 нм.5. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что средний размер частиц пористого керамического порошка составляет от 1 до 200 мкм, предпочтительно ...

PRODUCING AROMATIC POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID

Container for holding high purity isopropyl alcohol

Centrifugal aluminum chloride generator

A metal chloride generator is provided. The metal chloride generator is a metal chloride centrifugal reactor that can be operated under conditions sufficient to cause metal particles and chlorine in the generator to be brought into contact with one another and react using centrifugal force to form metal chloride. A process for manufacturing titanium dioxide that utilizes the metal chloride generator is also provided.

Coating method on the inner walls of the reaction tubes in a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor

Method and apparatus for toluene and benzene methylation in aromatic complexes

PROCESSES AND APPARATUSES FOR TOLUENE AND BENZENE METHYLATION IN AN AROMATICS COMPLEX

High temperature high pressure capsule for processing materials in supercritical fluids

A capsule for containing at least one reactant and a supercritical fluid in a substantially air-free environment under high pressure, high temperature processing conditions. The capsule includes a closed end, at least one wall adjoining the closed end and extending from the closed end; and a sealed end adjoining the at least one wall opposite the closed end. The at least one wall, closed end, and sealed end define a chamber therein for containing the reactant and a solvent that becomes a supercritical fluid at high temperatures and high pressures. The capsule is formed from a deformable material and is fluid impermeable and chemically inert with respect to the reactant and the supercritical fluid under processing conditions, which are generally above 5 kbar and 550° C. and, preferably, at pressures between 5 kbar and 80 kbar and temperatures between 550° C. and about 1500° C. The invention also includes methods of filling the capsule with the solvent and sealing the capsule, as well as ...

REACTION VESSEL OF SUPERCRITICAL HYDROXYLATING DECOMPOSING TREATMENT DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING REACTION VESSEL

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reaction vessel which can be protected from acid corrosion and durability of which is greatly improved to enable to be continuously used for a long time and which is used for a supercritical hydroxylating decomposing treatment device and to provide a method for manufacturing the reaction vessel. SOLUTION: In the reaction vessel used for the supercritical hydroxylating decomposing treatment device, an oxide coating film 2 containing platinum group metallic oxide composed of fine crystalline structure having very high corrosion resistance in both oxidative and reductive atmospheres is formed on an inside surface of a vessel body 1 with a prescribed film thickness (nm) by executing pyrolysis treatment in an steam-containing atmosphere. The oxide coating film 2 is made of oxide of at least one platinum group metal selected among Ir, Ru and Rh. Otherwise, the oxide coating film 2 contains the platinum group metal and at least one kind of metal selected from ...

MIT SOLAR-ENERGIE BETRIEBENER ROTIERENDER REAKTOR

Korrosionsgeschütztes Reformerrohr mit internem Wärmetausch

Es wird ein Reformerrohr zur Herstellung von Synthesegas durch Dampfreformierung kohlenwasserstoffhaltiger Einsatzgase vorgeschlagen, bei dem – ein äußeres Mantelrohr mittels eines Trennbodens in eine Reaktionskammer und eine Austrittskammer unterteilt wird, – in der Reaktionskammer eine Schüttung eines für die Dampfreformierung aktiven, festen Katalysators angeordnet ist, – innerhalb der Reaktionskammer und innerhalb der Katalysatorschüttung mindestens ein Wärmetauscherrohr angeordnet ist, dessen Eintrittsende in Fluidverbindung mit der Katalysatorschüttung steht und dessen Austrittsende in Fluidverbindung mit der Austrittskammer steht, – das Austrittsende des Wärmetauscherrohrs durch den Trennboden durchgeführt wird und in ein im Inneren des Mantelrohrs angeordnetes, korrosionsgeschütztes Innenrohr einmündet, das in Fluidverbindung mit einer Sammelleitung für das Synthesegasprodukt steht, – zwischen der Innenwand des Mantelrohrs und der Außenwand des Innenrohrs eine gasdurchlässige thermische ...

Metal passivation of heat - exchanger exposed to synthesis gas

Improved method of protecting graphite, molybdenum or molybdenum alloy articles from oxidation, deterioration or corrosion

A substrate of molybdenum or its alloys or graphite is coated by flame spraying with a first coating of at least one of the oxides of beryllium, aluminium, zirconium, titanium and nickel and a second coating of one of these metals or an alloy thereof, the metal coating then being heated to its melting point to form an impermeable coating. A further coating of metal oxide may be applied, the metal layer being fused after the application of this final layer. Any number of alternate layers of oxide and metal may also be applied. In one example graphite is coated with alumina, aluminium and finally an alumina coating and then heated to 700 DEG C. to fuse the aluminium. In a second example molybdenum is coated with alumina, a nickel chromium alloy, alumina and finally aluminium. The material is then heated to 1400 DEG C. Specification 745,257 is referred to.ALSO:A substrate of molybdenum or its alloys or graphite is coated by flame spraying with a first coating of at least one of the oxides ...

Reactor sealing methods

Composite sparger

Metal passivation of heat - exchanger exposed to synthesis gas

A process is described for the passivation of the surfaces of heat exchange apparatus exposed to a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising the steps of: (i) adding an arsenic compound to the synthesis gas at a temperature 850 °C to generate volatile arsenic passivation species, (ii) exposing the mixture of hot synthesis gas and arsenic passivation species to surfaces on the shell-side of said heat exchange apparatus to reduce the interaction between the carbon monoxide present in said gas and metals said in said surfaces, (iii) recovering a cooled synthesis gas from the shell-side of said apparatus, and (iv) passing the cooled synthesis gas, optionally after further cooling, through a sorbent bed to remove arsenic compounds from the synthesis gas.

Centrifugal aluminum chloride generator

A metal chloride generator is provided. The metal chloride generator is a metal chloride centrifugal reactor that can be operated under conditions sufficient to cause metal particles and chlorine in the generator to be brought into contact with one another and react using centrifugal force to form metal chloride. A process for manufacturing titanium dioxide that utilizes the metal chloride generator is also provided.

Inhibition of build-up in reaction vessels

METHOD OF REMOVING REACTIVE METAL FROM A METAL-COATED REACTOR SYSTEM

A method of removing reactive metal from a metal-coated reactor system, comprising contacting at least a portion of a metal-coated reactor system containing reactive metal with a getter to produce movable metal, and fixating the movable metal, the getter, or both. The contacting is preferably done prior to catalyst loading. A preferred coating metal comprises tin and a preferred getter comprises HCl. The invention is also a method for reducing catalyst contamination from a metal which was used to coat a reactor system. The method comprises contacting a metal-coated reactor system, with a gaseous halogen- containing compound to produce movable metal; thereafter or simultaneously, at least a portion of the movable metal is removed from t he reactor system. Then a halided catalyst is loaded into the reactor system.

HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOY, AND REACTION TUBE

The present invention provides a heat-resistant alloy and a reaction tube having exceptional oxidation resistance, mechanical properties such as tensile malleability, and welding properties. This heat-resistant alloy comprises, in mass%, 0.35-0.7% of C, more than 0% and no more than 1.5% of Si, more than 0% and no more than 2.0% of Mn, 22.0-40.0% of Cr, 25.0-48.3% of Ni, 1.5-4.5% of Al, and 0.01-0.6% of Ti, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. In addition, Pa < Ya, where Pa = -11.1 + 28.1 × C + 29.2 × Si - 0.25 × Ni - 45.6 × Ti, and Ya = -13.75 × Al + 63.75.

COATING METHOD ON THE INNER WALLS OF THE REACTION TUBES IN A HYDROCARBON PYROLYSIS REACTOR

A method of on-line coating a coat film on the inner wall of a reaction tube in a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor for preventing the formation and the deposit of coke on the inner walls. This method comprises the steps of vapor depositing a mixed solution of a metal alkoxide and a chromic compound on the inner walls concurrently with introducing a carrier at a flow rate of 1-5000 kg/hr/coil at a temperature of 600-900 ~C under a pressure of 0-3 kg/cm2 to form a buffer layer on the inner walls; and vapor depositing a metal alkoxide as a barrier on the buffer layer; and vapor depositing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal compound alone or mixed with metal alkoxide as a decoking layer on the barrier. A decoking layer may further be provided on the diffusion barrier.

COMPOSITE SPARGER

A composite sparger for use in elevated temperature and corrosive environments. The composite sparger is formed from a thermally conductive non- combustible metal substrate. The surfaces of the conductive non-combustible metal exposed to the reactor environment are protected with a corrosion resistant layer. The corrosion resistant layer protects the substrate material from the corrosive environment of the reactor vessel and the substrate material conducts heat away from the corrosion resistant layer to prevent combustion of the corrosion resistant layer. The substrate material and corrosion resistant material may be selected so as to provide for sufficient thermal conduction to prevent combustion of the corrosion resistant material.

APPARATUS EXPOSABLE IN BYPRODUCT CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL FORMATION ENVIRONMENT AND ASSOCIATED METHOD

An apparatus has a surface exposable to a byproduct carbonaceous material formation environment and comprising a perovskite material having an ABO3 perovskite structure and being of formula AaBb03-d, wherein 0.9 Подробнее

processo de desenvolvimento de um reator contendo catalisador a base de nióbio e empregado para craqueamento termocatalítico de óleo vegetal

Reactor sealing methods

Novel means for sealing reactors used in reaction processes are disclosed. A catalyst impregnated carrier material is provided in the gap between the monolith catalyst and the refractory lining of the reactor. The catalytic carriers are the same catalyst materials or have substantially similar catalytic activity as the catalytic monolith. Additionally, the catalytic material is applied as a thin catalytic film deposited on the refractory lining. These methods provide not only pressure drop to minimize reactant flow along the inner wall of refractory lining, but also additional active reaction zone. This sealing method is suitable for any types of reactions on catalytic monoliths, particularly syngas production by partial oxidation of methane to reduce methane and oxygen leakages.

Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor

A method of removing reactive metal from a metal-coated reactor system, comprising contacting at least a portion of a metal-coated reactor system containing reactive metal with a getter to produce movable metal, and fixating the movable metal, the getter, or both. The contacting is preferably done prior to catalyst loading. A preferred coating metal comprises tin and a preferred getter comprises HCl. The invention is also a method for reducing catalyst contamination from a metal which was used to coat a reactor system. The method comprises contacting a metal-coated reactor system, with a gaseous halogen-containing compound to produce movable metal; thereafter or simultaneously, at least a portion of the movable metal is removed from the reactor system. Then a halided catalyst is loaded into the reactor system.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,3-Dialkyl-2-Imidazolinonderivaten

Metal passivation

Apparatus for the thermal conversion of hydrocarbons into valuable products

A non-scaling steel alloy sold under the Registered Trade Mark "Sicromal" contains 6-23 per cent of chromium, 0,8-2 per cent of aluminium, up to about 1 per cent of silicon, small quantities of molybdenum and vanadium, and less than 0,01 per cent of carbon.

METAL OXIDE COATED REFRACTORY BRICK

USE OF COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SILICON FOR IMPROVING THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF VESSELS

MICROREACTOR FOR RAPID PARALLEL TESTING OF CATALYSTS

Microreactor, in particular a test reactor with high throughput rate, with a reaction section (3) in which reactions can take place. The microreactor furthermore comprises an inlet section (2), connected to the reaction section (3), for feeding reactants to the reaction section (3) and an outlet section (4), connected to the reaction section (3), for discharging reaction products. The reaction section (3) comprises at least two reaction compartments (10) in which catalyst material to be tested can be placed. At least the reaction section (3) of the microreactor (1) is essentially made of a material that is able to withstand temperatures above 500 °C, for example above 700 °C, and that has good thermal conductivity of more than 50 W/mK, for example more than 100 W/mK. An example of such a material is molybdenum.

Coated article for hot hydrocarbon fluid and method of preventing fuel thermal degradation deposits

Articles for hot hydrocarbon fluid wherein the surface for contacting the fluid is a diffusion barrier material or a catalytic material coated on a metal substrate. The material is either catalytically-inactive tantalum oxide which inhibits the formation of coke in the fluid or catalytically-active zirconium oxide which promotes the formation of a loosely adherent coke in the fluid while inhibiting the formation of gum in the fluid. The coating materials, i.e., the diffusion barrier coating material and the catalytic coating material, are deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), e.g., by effusive chemical vapor deposition of an organometallic compound on the surface without the use of carrier gas, without pre-oxidation of the surface and without thermal decomposition of the diffusion barrier material or the catalytic coating material. The articles having the coated surfaces find utility in components subjected to high temperatures wherein the components are in contact with hydrocarbon ...

Coated article for hot hydrocarbon fluid and method of preventing fuel thermal degradation deposits

Articles for hot hydrocarbon fluid wherein the surface for contacting the fluid is a diffusion barrier material or a catalytic material coated on a metal substrate. The material is either catalytically-inactive tantalum oxide which inhibits the formation of coke in the fluid or catalytically-active zirconium oxide which promotes the formation of a loosely adherent coke in the fluid while inhibiting the formation of gum in the fluid. The coating materials, i.e., the diffusion barrier coating material and the catalytic coating material, are deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), e.g., by effusive chemical vapor deposition of an organometallic compound on the surface without the use of carrier gas, without pre-oxidation of the surface and without thermal decomposition of the diffusion barrier material or the catalytic coating material. The articles having the coated surfaces find utility in components subjected to high temperatures wherein the components are in contact with hydrocarbon ...

Verfahren zur Entfernung von reaktivem Metall aus einem metallbeschichteten Reaktorsystem

METAL OXIDE COATED REFRACTORY BRICK

Process for preparing alkyl hydroperoxide compounds

A method for making alkyl hydroperoxide compounds, specifically the preparation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide is described. The preparation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide by means of the oxidation of cyclohexane by oxygen in a multi-stage reactor or in reactors connected in series is also described. In these methods, the reactor surfaces in contact with the oxidation medium can be protected by a layer of heat-resistant PFA polymer.

Metal passivation of heat-exchanger exposed to synthesis gas

A process for passivation of surfaces of heat exchange apparatus exposed to a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide, includes the steps of: adding arsine to the synthesis gas to provide a total As concentration in the synthesis gas in range 0.001 to 10 ppmv, (ii) exposing the mixture of hot synthesis gas and arsine to the shell-side surfaces of said heat exchange apparatus to reduce the interaction between the carbon monoxide present in said gas and metals in said surfaces, (iii) recovering a cooled synthesis gas from the shell-side of said apparatus, and (iv) passing the cooled synthesis gas, optionally after further cooling, through a sorbent bed to remove arsenic compounds from the synthesis gas.

Method for cavitation-assisted refining, degumming and dewaxing of oil and fat

A method for degumming and/or refining crude oil containing impurities involving mixing the crude oil with degumming agents, i.e., water or acid, and subjecting the mixture to flow-through, hydrodynamic cavitation processing. The cavitational processing transfers impurities in the crude oil to a water phase for easier separation. The water phase may be separated from the oil phase by commonly available separation methods.

Fluidized bed reactor with pinching fittings for producing polysilicon granulate, and method and use for same

Control of the flow of granular polysilicon granules is effected by employing an elastomeric pinch sleeve valve. The flow control by this method is especially useful for controlling the flow of silicon seed particles and granular polysilicon product in the fluidized bed method for producing polysilicon. The flow may be stopped without gas leakage, and is suitable for use over long operating campaigns.

FLOW REACTOR

A flow reactor having two or more raw material feeding units, a mixing unit to mix raw materials fed from the raw material feeding units, and a reactor unit in which a mixed solution prepared in the mixing unit flows, wherein at least a part of an inner wall of the reactor unit is formed of a fluororesin containing a conductive filler. 1: A flow reactor , comprising:a plurality of raw material feeding units;a mixing unit configured to mix raw materials fed from the raw material feeding units; anda reactor unit in which a mixed solution prepared in the mixing unit flows,wherein at least a part of an inner wall of the reactor unit is formed of a fluororesin containing a conductive filler.2: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor unit has a single-layer structure comprising the fluororesin containing the conductive filler.3: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a quenching agent capable of quenching the mixed solution is in contact with an outer wall surface of the reactor unit.4: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluororesin is a homopolymer or a copolymer produced from a fluorine atom-containing monomer.5: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive filler is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based filler claim 1 , a metal-based filler claim 1 , a metal oxide-based filler claim 1 , and a metal alloy-based filler.6: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluororesin containing the conductive filler has a volume resistivity claim 1 , measured under the conditions of 50% RH and 23° C. in accordance with JIS K 6911 claim 1 , of 10Ω·m or less.7: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor unit has a flow channel having an equivalent diameter of 0.1 mm or more and 50 mm or less.8: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a temperature control unit.9: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor unit is in a tube shape. ...

Corrosion-resisant surfaces for reactors

Provided herein are corrosion-resistant reactors that can be used for gasification, and methods of making and using the same. Some embodiments include a corrosion-resistant ceramic layer. According to some embodiments, the corrosion-resistant ceramic layer has a negative charge. At temperature above water's critical point (for example, 374CC and at 22.1 MPa I 218 atm), water can behave as an adjustable solvent and can have tunable properties depending on temperature and pressure.

Heating Methods for Aluminum Hydride Production

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for heating alane etherate compositions for producing microcrystalline alpha alane. An exemplary heating method comprises introducing a preheated solvent into the alane etherate composition and rapidly stirring to effectuate rapid heating of the composition without the need to heat the reactor walls. In this way, the alane etherate composition can be heated while also reducing the risk of decomposition. In further embodiments, a two-stage reactor can be employed for producing alpha alane, wherein the heating occurs in the second stage. 1. A process for heating alane etherate slurry for conversion to alpha alane , the process comprising:providing an alane etherate slurry in a reactor at approximately room temperature;introducing a heated solvent into the alane etherate slurry in the reactor; andstirring contents of the reactor until the reactor contents are at a substantially uniform temperature above room temperature, to facilitate conversion of the reactor contents to alpha alane.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the stirring of the reactor contents occurs rapidly and facilitates heating of the reactor contents in an outward direction until the reactor contents are at the substantially uniform temperature above room temperature.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the introducing the heated solvent into the alane etherate slurry in the reactor occurs by introducing the heated solvent into a bulk of the reactor contents.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the introducing the heated solvent into the alane etherate slurry in the reactor further comprises introducing vapor bubbles of the heated solvent into the alane etherate slurry such that condensation from the heated solvent provides additional heating of the reactor contents.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alane etherate slurry comprises alane etherate claim 1 , lithium aluminum hydride claim 1 , lithium borohydride claim 1 , ether and toluene.6. The process of ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A LITHIUM BIS(FLUOROSULFONYL)IMIDE SALT

A method for producing a lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt F—(SO)—NLi—(SO)—F, comprising a step comprising a step of chlorination of sulfamic acid HO—(SO)—NHin order to obtain the bis(chlorosulfonyl)imide Cl—(SO)—NH—(SO)—Cl, said step being carried out in a reactor made of a corrosion-resistant material M3, or in a reactor containing a base layer made of a material M1 coated with a surface layer made of a corrosion-resistant material M2. 1. A process for preparing a lithium salt of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide F—(SO)—NLi—(SO)—F , comprising a step (a) comprising a step of chlorination of sulfamic acid HO—(SO)—NHto obtain bis(chlorosulfonyl)imide Cl—(SO)—NH—(SO)—Cl , said step (a) being performed in a reactor made of a corrosion-resistant material M3 , or in a reactor containing a base layer made of a material M1 coated with a surface layer made of a corrosion-resistant material M2.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the material M3 is pure nickel claim 1 , comprising:at least 99% of nickel relative to the total weight of said material M3; andiron in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/ormanganese in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/orsilicon in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/orcopper in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/orcarbon in a content of less than 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3;3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the material M1 comprises:i) at least 60% by weight of iron relative to the total weight of the material M1; andii) less than 2% by weight of carbon relative to the total weight of the material M1; and/orless than 20% by weight of chromium relative to the total weight of the material M1; and/orless than 15% by weight of nickel relative to the total weight of the material M1; ...

Reactor for producing nitrogen-containing fertilizer granules

A reactor for producing nitrogen-containing fertilizer granules comprising a reactor vessel having inside walls coated with a layer of at least one organic silica compound.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A LITHIUM BIS(FLUOROSULFONYL)IMIDE SALT

A process for producing a lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt F—(SO)—NLi—(SO)—-F involving a step (b) with a step of fluorinating bis(chlorosulfonyl)imide Cl—(SO)—NH—(SO)—Cl with anhydrous HF, optionally in at least one organic solvent OS1, said step (b) being carried out in a reactor made of a material M3 that is resistant to corrosion, or in a reactor that contains a base layer made of a material M1 coated with a surface layer made of a material M2 that is resistant to corrosion. 1. A process for preparing a lithium salt of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide F—(SO)—NLi—(SO)—F , comprising a step (b) comprising a step of fluorination of bis(chlorosulfonyl)imide Cl—(SO)—NH—(SO)—Cl with anhydrous HF , optionally in at least one organic solvent OS1 , said step (b) being performed in a reactor made of a corrosion-resistant material M3 , or in a reactor containing a base layer made of a material M1 coated with a surface layer made of a corrosion-resistant material M2.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which said material M3 is pure nickel claim 1 , comprising:at least 99%, of nickel relative to the total weight of said material M3; andiron in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/ormanganese in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/orsilicon in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/orcopper in a content of less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3; and/orcarbon in a content of less than 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight of the material M3.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the material M1 comprises:i) at least 60% by weight of iron, relative to the total weight of the material M1; andii) less than 2% by weight of carbon, relative to the total weight of the material M1; and/orless than 3% by weight of molybdenum, relative to the total weight of the material M1; and/ ...

Separation Vessels For Use In Polymerization Processes and Methods For Cleaning Same

Both a system and method for cleaning a low pressure separation vessel of a high pressure polyethylene polymerization plant are provided. The system includes a polytetrafluoroethylene lining that covers the interior surfaces of the vessel, and a cover mounting assembly including an annular clamp for detachably mounting a cover over the vessel. The mounting assembly includes a clamp actuator for quickly securing and releasing the cover with respect to a top rim of the vessel. The vessel is drained of liquid polyethylene and allowed to cool to ambient temperature, thus creating a frozen “skin” of polyethylene around the interior surfaces of the vessel. The clamp actuator releases the cover. The polyethylene skin is peeled off the interior sides the vessel and gathered up at the top to form a neck, thus peeling the polyethylene skin away from the polytetrafluoroethylene lining along with any degraded polymers or other impurities that have accumulated on the interior surfaces of the vessel. 149-. (canceled)50. A method for removing polymer from a separation vessel comprising:providing a separation vessel comprising a detachable cover, a lining that covers at least a portion of the interior surfaces of the vessel, and a polymer;removing the detachable cover from the separation vessel;emptying the vessel of at least a portion of the polymer;cooling the vessel to form a skin layer of the polymer, wherein the skin layer is disposed on the lining; andremoving the skin layer from the separation vessel.51. The method of claim 50 , wherein the separation vessel receives a stream of polymer and the method further comprises stopping the stream of polymer to the separation vessel prior to removing the detachable cover and/or emptying the vessel of at least a portion of the polymer.52. The method of claim 50 , wherein the method further comprises emptying the separation vessel of substantially all of the polymer.53. The method of claim 50 , wherein the skin layer forms a continuous ...

COATING TO INHIBIT FOULING OF REACTORS FOR CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE CLEAVAGE

The disclosure concerns methods comprising forming a phenol and acetone mixture from decomposition of a cumene hydroperoxide or a phenol, acetone, and AMS from the decomposition of a mixture containing dicumyl peroxide in a system comprising one or more reactors where at least a portion of an inner surface of the one or more reactors has a polymer coating and wherein the coating inhibits build-up of a fouling precipitate on the coated inner surface of the one or more reactors as compared to such build-up in the absence of the coating. 1. A method comprising:(a) decomposing a cumene hydroperoxide to form phenol and acetone and to react CHP with DMBA in the presence of a catalyst mixture to form a dicumyl peroxide mixture in a first stage, wherein the first stage occurs in a first system comprising a reactor;(b) forming a phenol, acetone, and AMS mixture from decomposition of the dicumyl peroxide mixture formed in the first stage in a second stage, wherein the second stage occurs in a second system comprising one or more reactors;wherein the first and the second systems are connected in series,wherein the reactor of the second system has a polymer coating on at least a portion of an inner surface of the reactor; andwherein the coating inhibits build-up of a fouling precipitate on the coated inner surface of the reactor of the second system as compared to such build-up in the absence of the coating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprise a stainless steel tubing claim 1 , a pipe claim 1 , a pre-heater claim 1 , a heat exchanger claim 1 , a calorimeter claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein substantially no fouling precipitate is present on the inner surface of the reactor in the second stage after an operation time of about 80 hours to about 16 claim 1 ,000 hours.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fouling precipitate comprises an insoluble phenol-aldehyde resin.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second stage is ...

HYDROLYSIS VESSEL USED IN A PROCESS FOR AMIDIFICATION OF ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel () used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel () is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system () on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S to S) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions. 120021421213201202203. A vessel () for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) by sulfuric acid (HSO) to produce an hydrolysis mixture comprising α-sulfatoisobistyramide (SIBAM) , said vessel comprising an agitation system () for homogenizing the mixture , wherein said vessel comprises at least one cooling system () on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages along its vertical wall , preferably three stages , each stage (S to S) comprising a ACH feeding inlet ( , , ).2204. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein said vessel comprises a bottom inlet () for feeding the vessel with sulfuric acid by the bottom.3212. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the cooling system () comprises vertical tubes bundle claim 1 , set up in the peripheral internal annular area of the vessel claim 1 , said tubes extending on the height of the vessel and being traversed by a cooling water stream.4222212223. The vessel according to claim 3 , wherein staid vessel comprises on its top surface claim 3 , at least one water feeding duct () for feeding the tubes bundle of the cooling system () and at least one collecting duct () to recover water exiting tubes bundle.5222223. The vessel according to claim 3 , ...

EXTRACTION CELL ASSEMBLY WITH QUICK-RELEASE SEAL REMOVAL

An extraction cell assembly includes a cell body, a cap assembly having a cap body and a cap insert, a bed support and a seal. The cap body is removably secured to the cell body and includes a throughbore and a peripheral wall. The cap insert includes a plunger, a peripheral flange extending outwardly from the plunger, and a recess disposed within the plunger. The flange and plunger of the cap insert are slidably received, respectively, inside the peripheral wall and throughbore of the cap body. The bed support is removably received within the recess. The seal is removably received within the throughbore. The seal forms a fluid seal between the cell body and the cap assembly when the cap assembly is secured to the cell body. A method of using the extraction cell assembly is also disclosed. 1. An extraction cell assembly comprising:a cell body defining a cell chamber;a cap assembly including: a cap body removably secured to the cell body, the cap body including a throughbore and a peripheral wall; and a cap insert including a plunger, a peripheral flange extending outwardly from the plunger, and a recess disposed within the plunger, the flange and plunger of the cap insert slidably received, respectively, inside the peripheral wall and throughbore of the cap body;a bed support removably received within the recess; anda seal removably received within the throughbore, wherein the seal forms a fluid seal between the cell body and the cap assembly when the cap assembly is secured to the cell body.2. An extraction cell assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the cap body is threadably secured to the cell body.3. An extraction cell assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising an orifice extending from the recess through the cap insert to provide external fluid communication with the cell chamber.4. An extraction cell assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising a retaining ring for locking the peripheral flange of the cap insert within the peripheral wall of ...

PROCESSES AND APPARATUSES FOR TOLUENE AND BENZENE METHYLATION IN AN AROMATICS COMPLEX

This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene and benzene methylation in an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene and benzene methylation within an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene wherein an embodiment uses a reactor having a refractory comprising a mixed oxide refractory prepared using liquid phosphate as a chemical binder. 1. An apparatus for alkylating an aromatic hydrocarbon reactant with an alkylating reagent comprising methanol to produce an alkylated aromatic product , comprising:a line comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon in upstream communication with a reactor having an inner refractory lining on an inner surface of the reactor; anda line in downstream communication with the reactor comprising the alkylate aromatic product, produced by reaction of the aromatic reactant and the alkylating reagent, from the reactor, wherein the inner refractory lining comprises passivated iron and no more than 1.0 wt % iron.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon reactant includes toluene claim 1 , the alkylating reagent includes methanol claim 1 , and the alkylated aromatic product includes xylene.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon reactant includes benzene claim 1 , the alkylating reagent includes methanol claim 1 , and the alkylated aromatic product includes xylene.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor operates at a temperature of about 500° C. to about 700° C.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor operates at a pressure of about 1 barg to about 10 barg.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein all of the inner surface of the reactor is coated with the inner refractory lining.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inner refractory lining comprises a mixed oxide refractory prepared using liquid phosphate as a chemical binder.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. The apparatus ...

Centrifugal aluminum chloride generator

A metal chloride generator is provided. The metal chloride generator is a metal chloride centrifugal reactor that can be operated under conditions sufficient to cause metal particles and chlorine in the generator to be brought into contact with one another and react using centrifugal force to form metal chloride. A process for manufacturing titanium dioxide that utilizes the metal chloride generator is also provided.

Method Of Making Acrylic Acid From Hydroxypropionic Acid

Methods for making acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof by contacting a stream containing hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with either an active catalyst containing an amorphous and partially-dehydrated phosphate salt or a precursor catalyst containing a crystalline phosphate salt in a reactor with a low corrosion rate are provided. 2. The method of ; wherein said phosphate salt is crystalline; wherein said x is 0 or 1; and wherein said cation is a monovalent cation selected from the group consisting of K claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The method of ; wherein said phosphate salt is amorphous and partially-dehydrated; wherein said x is any real number greater than 0 and less than 1; and wherein said cation is a monovalent cation selected from the group consisting of K claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The method of ; wherein said outer layer comprises two or more sublayers.5. The method of ; wherein said outer layer material is selected from the group consisting of stainless steel and carbon steel.6. The method of ; wherein said inner layer material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , copper claim 1 , silver claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. The method of ; wherein said inner layer is formed by a bonding process of said inner layer to said outer layer.8. The method of ; wherein said bonding process is selected from the group consisting of cladding claim 7 , laser cladding claim 7 , explosion cladding claim 7 , electromagnetic fusion cladding claim 7 , fusion welding claim 7 , explosion welding claim 7 , gluing claim 7 , pressing claim 7 , rolling claim 7 , coextrusion claim 7 , thermal spraying claim 7 , electroplating claim 7 , and chemical vapor deposition.9. The method of ; wherein said bonding process is followed by oxidation of said inner surface when said inner layer material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum ...

Separation Vessels for Use in Polymerization Processes and Methods for Cleaning Same

Both a system and method for cleaning a tow pressure separation vessel of a high pressure polyethylene polymerization plant are provided. The system includes a polytetrafluoroethylene lining that covers the interior surfaces of the vessel, and a cover mounting assembly including an annular clamp for detachably mounting a cover over the vessel. The mounting assembly includes a clamp actuator for quickly securing and releasing the cover with respect to a top rim of the vessel. The vessel is drained of liquid polyethylene and allowed to cool to ambient temperature, thus creating a frozen “skin” of polyethylene around the interior surfaces of the vessel. The clamp actuator releases the cover. The polyethylene skin is peeled off the interior sides the vessel and gathered up at the top to form a neck, thus peeling the polyethylene skin away from the polytetrafluoroethylene lining along with any degraded polymers or other impurities that have accumulated on the interior surfaces of the vessel. 162.-. (canceled)64. The system defined in claim 63 , wherein the vessel is a component of a high pressure polymerization plant.65. The system defined in claim 63 , wherein the detachable cover has a mounting assembly adapted to maintain the cover in a pressure-tight relationship with the vessel.66. The system defined in claim 65 , wherein the mounting assembly comprises a clamp.67. The system defined in claim 65 , wherein the mounting assembly comprises a clamp and a clamp actuator that secures and releases the clamp into and out of a clamping position that pulls together said cover and a top rim of said vessel.68. The system defined in claim 67 , wherein the mounting assembly further includes a gasket interposed between the cover and the top rim of the vessel.69. The system defined in claim 67 , wherein the mounting assembly further includes opposing flanges disposed along an outer periphery of both the cover and the top rim of the vessel claim 67 , wherein the clamp captures and ...

APPARATUS EXPOSBLE IN BYPRODUCE CARCONACEOUS MATERIAL FORMATION ENVIRONMENT AND ASSOCIATED METHOD

An apparatus has a surface exposable to a byproduct carbonaceous material formation environment and comprising a perovskite material having an ABOperovskite structure and being of formula ABO, wherein 0.9 Подробнее

Systems and Methods for Measuring Particle Accumulation on Reactor Surfaces

Systems and methods for monitoring a particle/fluid mixture are provided. The method can include flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid past a particle accumulation probe. The method can also include measuring electrical signals detected by the probe as some charged particles pass the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles contact the probe. The measured electrical signals can be manipulated to provide an output. The method can also include determining from the output if the charged particles contacting the probe have, on average, a different charge than the charged particles that pass the probe without contacting the probe. 1. A method for monitoring a particle/fluid mixture , comprising:flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid past a particle accumulation probe;measuring electrical signals detected by the probe as some charged particles pass the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles contact the probe;manipulating the measured electrical signal to provide an output wherein manipulating the measured electrical signal includes using an absolute autocorrection method that correlates mean centered data using an approaching curve indicating a charge on particles that approach the probe, a leaving curve indicating a charge on particles that pass and move away from the probe, and a zero-lag peak that indicates the charge on the particles that contact the probe to provide the output; anddetermining from the output if the charged particles contacting the probe have, on average, a different charge than the charged particles that pass the probe without contacting the probe.23-. (canceled)4. The method according of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles comprise catalyst particles and polymer particles claim 1 , and wherein the fluid comprises one or more hydrocarbons.5. The method according of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles comprise primarily polymer particles having claim 1 , ...

A SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR A PLURALITY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND MATERIAL BODIES DURING LEACHING

A support structure () for a PCD element comprises a support () into which a plurality of PCD elements are locatable, and a plurality of sealing elements () for location in the support structure. Each sealing element () is configured to protect a non-leached portion of an associated PCD element during a leaching process, said support being formed from or coated with a polyketone based plastics material. A plurality of support structures () may be stacked on top of each other and a central support rod () is locatable in a central aperture () extending though the stack of support structures (). A handle () may be attached to the central support rod () for ease of transporting the assembled support structure. 1. A support structure for a PCD element comprising:a support into which a plurality of PCD elements are locatable; and a plurality of sealing elements for location in the support structure, each sealing element being configured to protect a non-leached portion of an associated PCD element during a leaching process, said support being formed from or coated with a polyketone based plastics material.2. The support structure of claim 1 , wherein the polyketone based plastics material comprises one or more of a polyaryletherketone claim 1 , polyetheretetherketone (PEEK) claim 1 , PEK claim 1 , or PEEKK.3. The support structure of claim 1 , wherein the sealing elements comprise one or more contact bands configured to contact the PCD elements during leaching and inhibit a leaching agent from contacting the non-leached portion of the PCD elements.4. The support structure of claim 3 , wherein the contact bands comprise an o-ring seal.5. The support structure of claim 1 , wherein the sealing elements are formed of an elastomeric material.6. The support structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises one or more support elements claim 1 , each element comprising a plurality of cup portions for receiving the plurality of PCD elements to be treated claim 1 , each PCD ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON

A method for cracking hydrocarbon includes: providing hydrocarbon; and feeding the hydrocarbon into an apparatus having an inner surface accessible to hydrocarbon, the inner surface comprising a perovskite material and a tuning material; wherein a yield of coke in the apparatus is lower than that in an apparatus without the perovskite material; and a yield of carbon monoxide in the apparatus is lower than that in an apparatus without the tuning material. An associated apparatus is also described. 1. A method for cracking hydrocarbon , comprising:providing hydrocarbon; andfeeding the hydrocarbon into an apparatus having an inner surface accessible to the hydrocarbon, the inner surface comprising a perovskite material and a tuning material; whereina yield of coke in the apparatus is lower than that in an apparatus without the perovskite material; anda yield of carbon monoxide in the apparatus is lower than that in an apparatus without the tuning material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tuning material comprises zirconium oxide claim 1 , doped zirconium oxide claim 1 , or any precursor or combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material is of formula ABO claim 1 , wherein{'br': None, 'i': 'a≦', '0.9<1.2;'}{'br': None, 'b': 0', '9, 'i': 'b≦', '.<1.2;'}{'br': None, '−0.5<δ<0.5;'}A comprises a first element and optionally a second element, the first element is selected from calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) and any combination thereof, the second element is selected from yttrium (Y), bismuth (Bi), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu) and any combination thereof; andB is selected from silver (Ag), gold (Au), cadmium (Cd), cerium (Ce), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), ...

Hydrogen Generation System and Method

A system for generating hydrogen includes a vessel having a first chamber that is separated from a second chamber by a barrier. A trigger assembly integrated with the barrier allows a liquid to be combined with a reactant and a catalyst in the second chamber to form a chemical reaction to generate hydrogen gas. A pressure relief valve located on the vessel opens to allow the hydrogen gas to exit when a predetermined pressure is reached. 1. A system comprising:a vessel having a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber is separated from the second chamber by a barrier;a reactant container within the second chamber and containing a reactant;a catalyst within the second chamber;a plurality of temperature sensors within the vessel;a trigger assembly integrated with the barrier and configured to open and close to allow and prevent a liquid passing into the second chamber from the first chamber, wherein the trigger assembly opens at a desired time allowing the liquid to combine with the reactant and the catalyst in the second chamber to form a chemical reaction generating hydrogen gas; anda pressure relief valve located on the vessel and configured to open to allow the hydrogen gas to exit when a predetermined pressure is reached.2. (canceled)3. The system of claim 1 , wherein a humidity of the hydrogen gas exiting the vessel is between a range of about 10% to about 50% lower than an ambient humidity claim 1 , andwherein the pressure relief valve is disposed on a safety rupture disc on the vessel.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactant is chosen from at least one of Lithium Borohydride claim 1 , Sodium Borohydride claim 1 , and Magnesium Borohydride.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is chosen from at least one of Ruthenium Chloride claim 1 , Rhodium Chloride claim 1 , Cobalt Chloride claim 1 , and Chloroplatinic acid.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the hydrogen gas generated is at least 300 standard cubic feet.7. ...

Reaction chamber component, preparation method, and reaction chamber

A reaction chamber component includes a body made of a 5000-series aluminum alloy material and an oxide film layer disposed on a surface-to-be-covered of the body.

Equipment for handling spent-aqueous Ziegler type catalyst in the polymerization of olefins

In the polymerization under pressure of liquid olefin to polyolefin using a Ziegler type catalyst in which the reaction mass, comprising a mixture of catalyst and polyolefin dissolved in liquid monomer, is mixed in a mixer with water to kill the catalyst and reaction after which the highly corrosive aqueous solution of Ziegler catalyst is separated from the monomer and dissolved polymer in a settling tank; lining the inner wall of the mixer and/or settling tank and/or any other part of the equipment coming into contact with the aqueous Ziegler catalyst solution with an acid resistant brick lining having an intermediate membrane lining between it and such inner wall and in which the mortar of the brick lining is a carbon-filled furan polymer, in which the membrane is a fiber glass reinforced furan polymer and in which the brick lining is cemented to the membrane and the membrane is cemented to the inner wall by a carbon-filled furan polymer adhesive.

Systems and methods for measuring particle accumulation on reactor surfaces

Systems and methods for monitoring a particle/fluid mixture are provided. The method can include flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid past a particle accumulation probe. The method can also include measuring electrical signals detected by the probe as some charged particles pass the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles contact the probe. The measured electrical signals can be manipulated to provide an output. The method can also include determining from the output if the charged particles contacting the probe have, on average, a different charge than the charged particles that pass the probe without contacting the probe.

Methods for monitoring reactor passivataion for gas phase polymerization

Methods and system for in-situ measurement of polymer growth within an olefin polymerization reactor are provided. The method includes polymerizing one or more olefins within a reactor at a first temperature sufficient to deposit a polymer coating therein. A second temperature is created within the reactor, and a rate of temperature change is measured from the first temperature to the second temperature. The rate of temperature change is correlated to a thickness of the polymer coating deposited within the reactor.

Solid reactor with antistatic coating for carrying out reactions in the gas phase

A solid reactor for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase. The inside wall of the reactor is provided with an antistatic coating 0.1-800 mu m thick. Said coating mainly consists of a poly- alpha -olefin and a non-volatile antistatic agent.

Method and apparatus for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall film

Solid reactor with an antistatic coating for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase

The inner wall of a solids reactor for carrying out reactions in the gas phase is coated with an antistatic layer having a thickness of 0.1-800 mum and consisting essentially of a poly-alpha-olefin and a nonvolatile antistatic agent.

Method and apparatus for monitoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall film

Disclosed is a method for using at least one static probe during polymerization in a fluid bed polymerization reactor system to monitor a coating on a surface of the reactor system and a distal portion of each static probe, wherein the coating is exposed to flowing fluid within the reactor system during the reaction. The surface may be a reactor bed wall (exposed to the reactor's fluid bed) and the coating is exposed to flowing, bubbling fluid within the fluid bed during the reaction. The method may include steps of: during the polymerization reaction, operating the static probe to generate a sequence of data values (“high speed data”) indicative of fluid flow variation (e.g., bubbling or turbulence), and determining from the high speed data at least one electrical property of the coating (e.g., of a portion of the coating on the distal portion of the static probe).

Systems and methods for measurement of particles accumulation on reactor surfaces

FIELD: instrumentation. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a measuring method of particles accumulation on reactor surfaces. A monitoring method of a mixture of particles and fluid medium involves passage of the mixture containing charged particles and fluid medium, thus streamlining a particle accumulation detector, measurement of an electrical signal recorded by the detector while some charged particles pass by the detector without any contact to it, and other charged particles contact to the detector, processing of the measured electrical signal, thus providing output data, and determination as per the output data, whether the charged particles contacting the detector have on average a charge different from the charged particles passing by the detector without any contact to it or not. EFFECT: invention provides effective monitoring of a mixture of particles and fluid medium on reactor surfaces. 16 cl, 10 dwg, 3 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК B01J 8/24 C08F 2/34 G05B 1/00 G01N 27/00 (13) 2 564 301 C2 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013106690/05, 08.07.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 08.07.2011 (72) Автор(ы): МАРКЕЛ Эрик Дж. (US) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЮНИВЕЙШН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЛЛК (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.08.2014 Бюл. № 24 R U 16.07.2010 US 61/364,966 (45) Опубликовано: 27.09.2015 Бюл. № 27 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 18.02.2013 (86) Заявка PCT: 2 5 6 4 3 0 1 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2008/016478 A2, 07.02.2008. US 5648581 A, 15.07.1997. US 5396806 A, 14.03.1995. RU 2230753 C2, 20.06.2004 2 5 6 4 3 0 1 R U (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2012/009216 (19.01.2012) Адрес для переписки: 105082, Москва, Спартаковский пер., д. 2, стр. 1, секция 1, этаж 3, "ЕВРОМАРКПАТ" (54) СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ...

A continuous polymerization process for the manufacture of superabsorbent polymers

A continuous process for producing water-insoluble, water-swellable polymers comprises subjecting a monomer and initiator to polymerization conditions in a reactor system having at least 3 zones.

Gas phase polymerization and distributor plate passivation treatment

Apparatus and methods for gas phase polymerization are provided. The method can include polymerizing one or more olefins at gas phase conditions in a reactor comprising one or more process exposed surfaces in the presence of a catalyst system; and treating at least a portion of the one or more process exposed surfaces prior to injecting the catalyst system to reduce the number of surface hydroxyls or access of the catalyst system to the surface hydroxyls on the process exposed surfaces.

Process for producing a polyolefin coating, substrate provided with the said coating, and its use for coming into contact with moving powders

The process according to the invention consists in bringing the substrate to be coated into contact with a solution of a catalyst of olefin polymerization and in then polymerizing at least one olefin in gaseous phase in the presence of the said substrate. The invention also relates to the use of an item including a coating made of polymer for coming into contact with polyolefin particles, the polymer forming the coating including chain sequences of formula --CH 2 --CHR--.

Furan lined equipment for handling spent aqueous Ziegler type catalyst in the polymerization of olefins

In the polymerization under pressure of liquid olefin to polyolefin using a Ziegler type catalyst, the reaction mass, comprising a mixture of catalyst and polyolefin dissolved in liquid monomer, is mixed in a mixer with water to kill the catalyst and reaction after which the highly corrosive aqueous solution of Ziegler catalyst is separated from the monomer and dissolved polymer in a settling tank. The inner wall of the mixer and/or settling tank and/or any other part of the equipment coming into contact with the aqueous Zeigler catalyst solution is lined with an acid resistant brick lining having an intermediate membrane lining between it and the inner wall. A carbon filled furan resin is used as a mortar for the brick lining and the membrane is a fiber glass reinforced furan resin to which the brick lining is cemented by a carbon filled furan resin adhesive. The membrane is also cemented to the inner wall by a carbon filled furan resin adhesive.

Solid reactor with an antistatic coating for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase

A solid reactor for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase. The inside wall of the reactor is provided with an antistatic coating 0.1-800 νm thick. Said coating mainly consists of a poly-α-olefin and a non-volatile antistatic agent.

Method and apparatus for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall film

Described herein are methods for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall films. The method may comprise using a reactor wall monitor to monitor and determine an electrical property, such as the bed voltage or breakdown voltage, of the wall film. The method may further comprise adding continuity additive to the reactor and/or adjusting the feed rate of continuity additive being added to the reactor in response to the measured electrical property.

Systems and methods for measuring particle accumulation on reactor surfaces

测量反应器表面上颗粒积聚的系统与方法

提供监控颗粒/流体混合物的系统与方法。该方法可包括使含带电颗粒和流体的混合物流经颗粒积聚探针。该方法也可包括当一些带电颗粒在没有接触探针的情况下流过探针，而其他带电颗粒接触探针时，测量通过探针检测的电信号。可操作测量的电信号，提供输出值。该方法也可包括若接触探针的带电颗粒的电荷平均不同于没有接触探针，但流过探针的带电颗粒，则根据该输出值测定。

systems and methods for measuring particle accumulation on reactor surfaces

sistemas e métodos apra medir acúmulo de partícula em superfícies de reator. sistemas e métodos para monitorar uma mistura de partícula/fluido são fornecidos. o método pode incluir fluir uma mistura compreendendo partículas carregadas e um fluido sem uma sonda de acúmulo de partícula. o método pode, da mesma forma, incluir medir sinais elétricos detectados pela sonda quando algumas partículas carregadas passam para a sonda sem contatar a sonda enquanto outras partículas carregadas contam a sonda. os sinais elétricos medidos podem ser manipulados para fornecer uma produção. o método pode, da mesma forma, incluir determinação da produção se as partículas carregadas que contatam a sonda têm, em média, uma carga diferente do que as partículas carregadas que passam a sonda sem contatar a sonda. systems and methods to measure particle accumulation on reactor surfaces. systems and methods for monitoring a particle / fluid mixture are provided. The method may include flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid without a particle accumulation probe. The method may likewise include measuring electrical signals detected by the probe when some charged particles pass to the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles count the probe. Measured electrical signals can be manipulated to provide output. The method may likewise include determining production if the charged particles contacting the probe have on average a different charge than the charged particles passing the probe without contacting the probe.

Systems and methods for measuring particle accumulation on reactor surfaces

Systems and methods for monitoring a particle/fluid mixture are provided. The method can include flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid past a particle accumulation probe. The method can also include measuring electrical signals detected by the probe as some charged particles pass the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles contact the probe. The measured electrical signals can be manipulated to provide an output. The method can also include determining from the output if the charged particles contacting the probe have, on average, a different charge than the charged particles that pass the probe without contacting the probe.

Системы и способы измерения накопления частиц на поверхностях реактора

1. Способ мониторинга смеси частиц и текучей среды, в котором: пропускают смесь, содержащую заряженные частицы и текучую среду, обтекая детектор накопления частиц;измеряют электрические сигналы, зарегистрированные детектором в то время, как некоторые заряженные частицы проходят мимо детектора без контакта с ним, а другие заряженные частицы контактируют с детектором;обрабатывают измеренный электрический сигнал, обеспечивая выходные данные; иопределяют по выходным данным, имеют ли заряженные частицы, контактирующие с детектором, в среднем заряд, отличный от заряженных частиц, проходящих мимо детектора без контакта с ним.2. Способ по п.1, в котором обработка измеренного электрического сигнала включает применение метода абсолютной автокорреляции к измеренному электрическому сигналу и определение вектора абсолютной автокорреляции электрического сигнала.3. Способ по п.2, в котором абсолютная автокорреляция электрического сигнала включает кривую приближения, кривую удаления и кривую у нулевого временного лага.4. Способ по любому из п.п.1-3, в котором заряженные частицы включают частицы катализатора и частицы полимера, а текучая среда включает один или несколько углеводородов.5. Способ по любому из п.п.1-3, в котором заряженные частицы включают в большей части частицы полимера, имеющие в среднем отрицательный заряд, и в меньшей части частицы катализатора, имеющие в среднем положительный заряд, причем выходные данные показывают, что заряженные частицы, контактирующие с детектором, в среднем являются заряженными частицами полимера, и что частицы катализатора не отделяются от смеси в количестве, достаточном для форм РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (51) МПК B01J 8/24 (11) (13) 2013 106 690 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2013106690/05, 08.07.2011 (71) Заявитель(и): ЮНИВЕЙШН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЛЛК (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 16.07.2010 US 61/364,966 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT ...

测量反应器表面上颗粒积聚的系统与方法

提供监控颗粒/流体混合物的系统与方法。该方法可包括使含带电颗粒和流体的混合物流经颗粒积聚探针。该方法也可包括当一些带电颗粒在没有接触探针的情况下流过探针，而其他带电颗粒接触探针时，测量通过探针检测的电信号。可操作测量的电信号，提供输出值。该方法也可包括若接触探针的带电颗粒的电荷平均不同于没有接触探针，但流过探针的带电颗粒，则根据该输出值测定。

Systems and methods for measuring particle accumulation on reactor surfaces

Systems and methods for monitoring a particle/fluid mixture are provided. The method can include flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid past a particle accumulation probe. The method can also include measuring electrical signals detected by the probe as some charged particles pass the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles contact the probe. The measured electrical signals can be manipulated to provide an output. The method can also include determining from the output if the charged particles contacting the probe have, on average, a different charge than the charged particles that pass the probe without contacting the probe.

Method and Apparatus for Monitoring Electrical Properties of Polymerization Reactor Wall Film

Disclosed is a method for using at least one static probe during polymerization in a fluid bed polymerization reactor system to monitor a coating on a surface of the reactor system and a distal portion of each static probe, wherein the coating is exposed to flowing fluid within the reactor system during the reaction. The surface may be a reactor bed wall (exposed to the reactor's fluid bed) and the coating is exposed to flowing, bubbling fluid within the fluid bed during the reaction. The method may include steps of: during the polymerization reaction, operating the static probe to generate a sequence of data values (“high speed data”) indicative of fluid flow variation (e.g., bubbling or turbulence), and determining from the high speed data at least one electrical property of the coating (e.g., of a portion of the coating on the distal portion of the static probe).

Gas Phase Polymerization And Distributor Plate Passivation Treatment

Apparatus and methods for gas phase polymerization are provided. The method can include polymerizing one or more olefins at gas phase conditions in a reactor comprising one or more process exposed surfaces in the presence of a catalyst system; and treating at least a portion of the one or more process exposed surfaces prior to injecting the catalyst system to reduce the number of surface hydroxyls or access of the catalyst system to the surface hydroxyls on the process exposed surfaces.

Gas phase polymerization and disbributor plate passivation treatment

Apparatus and methods for gas phase polymerization are provided. The method can include polymerizing one or more olefins at gas phase conditions in a reactor comprising one or more process exposed surfaces in the presence of a catalyst system; and treating at least a portion of the one or more process exposed surfaces prior to injecting the catalyst system to reduce the number of surface hydroxyls or access of the catalyst system to the surface hydroxyls on the process exposed surfaces.

Separation vessels for use in polymerization processes and methods for cleaning same

Both a system and method for cleaning a low pressure separation vessel of a high pressure polyethylene polymerization plant are provided. The system includes a polytetrafluoroethylene lining that covers the interior surfaces of the vessel, and a cover mounting assembly including an annular clamp for detachably mounting a cover over the vessel. The mounting assembly includes a clamp actuator for quickly securing and releasing the cover with respect to a top rim of the vessel. The vessel is drained of liquid polyethylene and allowed to cool to ambient temperature, thus creating a frozen “skin” of polyethylene around the interior surfaces of the vessel. The clamp actuator releases the cover. The polyethylene skin is peeled off the interior sides the vessel and gathered up at the top to form a neck, thus peeling the polyethylene skin away from the polytetrafluoroethylene lining along with any degraded polymers or other impurities that have accumulated on the interior surfaces of the vessel.

Method and apparatus for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerisation reactor wall film

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to an olefin polymerisation method and specifically to monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerisation reactor wall films. The method includes, during a polymerisation reaction, using a static sensor in a fluidised-bed reactor system to monitor a properties of a coating comprising a polymer film on the surface of the reactor system and a protruding portion of the static sensor, wherein the coating is exposed to flowing fluid within the system, said monitoring including operating the static sensor during a first interval of time during the reaction in order to generate high-speed data indicative of bubbling in the fluidised bed, and determining from the high-speed data an electrical property of the coating, comparing the value of the electrical property determined above with a reference breakdown voltage of the coating, and if said value is less than the reference value, adding a continuity additive to the polymerisation reactor for a period of time until the determined electrical property of the coating is greater than or equal to the reference breakdown voltage of the coating. EFFECT: invention enables to estimate wear and contamination of the coating and restoration thereof without shutting down the reactor and without material costs. 14 cl, 7 dwg, 2 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 542 240 C2 (51) МПК B01J 8/24 (2006.01) C08F 2/34 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012157626/05, 20.05.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 20.05.2011 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): МАРКЕЛ Эрик Л. (US), ЛАМБЕРТИ Уилльям А. (US), ДЕКМАН Харри У. (US) 28.05.2010 US 61/349,600 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.07.2014 Бюл. № 19 R U (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЮНИВЕЙШН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЛЛК (US) (45) Опубликовано: 20.02.2015 Бюл. № 5 2348650 C2, 10.03.2009. US 5648581 A, 15.07.1997. EP 1153654 A1 ...

Metal-based coatings for inhibiting metal catalyzed coke formation in hydrocarbon conversion processes

A coating applied to at least a portion of the surfaces of reactors, reactor internals, other reactor components, and/or heater tubes is provided in order to minimize the formation of metal catalyzed coke in hydrocarbon conversion processes operating at temperatures at about 350° C. (662° F.) or greater and in reducing environments. These coatings may comprise Nickel coatings or complexes thereof, such as Ni—Al, Ni—Cr/Cr carbide, as well as aluminum painted coatings that are applied in a reduction cure process (e.g., application temperatures of about 600° C. (1112° F.)). Additionally, where H 2 S is necessary for the process, such as to minimize thermal cracking, the coatings also reduce corrosion of base metal due to sulfidation attack and eliminate the requirement of continuous replacement of reactor internals and other components.

Metal-Based Coatings for Inhibiting Metal Catalyed Coke Formation in Hydrocarbon Conversion Processes

A coating applied to at least a portion of the surfaces of reactors, reactor internals, other reactor components, and/or heater tubes is provided in order to minimize the formation of metal catalyzed coke in hydrocarbon conversion processes operating at temperatures at about 350° C. (662° F.) or greater and in reducing environments. These coatings may comprise Nickel coatings or complexes thereof, such as Ni—Al, Ni—Cr/Cr carbide, as well as aluminum painted coatings that are applied in a reduction cure process (e.g., application temperatures of about 600° C. (1112° F.)). Additionally, where H 2 S is necessary for the process, such as to minimize thermal cracking, the coatings also reduce corrosion of base metal due to sulfidation attack and eliminate the requirement of continuous replacement of reactor internals and other components.

Solid reactor with an antistatic coating for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase

A solid reactor for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase. The inside wall of the reactor is provided with an antistatic coating 0.1-800 νm thick. Said coating mainly consists of a poly-α-olefin and a non-volatile antistatic agent.

Device and method for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

A device, comprising a conduit for an aqueous stream, a mixing tube located inside the conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to the conduit and an inlet, a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of the mixing tube and a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube, and a method, where an aqueous stream is passed through the conduit of the device, 85 to 98 % by weight sulphuric acid is introduced to the sulphuric acid supply tube of the device and 50 to 80 % by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced to the hydrogen peroxide supply tube of the device, provide a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid without a risk of exposing operating personnel to concentrated peroxomonosulphuric acid.

Polymeric materials

HYDRODEALCYLATION PROCESS

Method and apparatus for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall film

Described herein are methods for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall films. The method may comprise using a reactor wall monitor to monitor and determine an electrical property, such as the bed voltage or breakdown voltage, of the wall film. The method may further comprise adding continuity additive to the reactor and/or adjusting the feed rate of continuity additive being added to the reactor in response to the measured electrical property.

Способ и устройство для отслеживания и восстановления электрических свойств пленки на стенках реактора полимеризации

1. Способ полимеризации олефинов, включающий следующие стадии:(а) применение во время реакции полимеризации по меньшей мере одного статического датчика в реакторной системе с псевдоожиженным слоем с целью отслеживания свойств покрытия, включающего пленку полимера на поверхности реакторной системы и выступающей части каждого указанного статического датчика, причем покрытие подвергается воздействию движущейся внутри системы текучей среды, указанное отслеживание включает следующие стадии:(i) работу статического датчика на протяжении первого интервала времени во время проведения реакции в реакторной системе с целью генерирования высокоскоростных данных, определяющих характеристики кипения в псевдоожиженном слое;(ii) определение на основании высокоскоростных данных по меньшей мере одного электрического свойства покрытия;(б) сравнение величины электрического свойства, определенного на стадии (а), с контрольной величиной напряжения пробоя покрытия; и(в) если величина электрического свойства меньше контрольной величины напряжения пробоя покрытия, добавление в реактор полимеризации добавки для повышения сплошности в течение определенного периода времени до тех пор, пока величина определенного электрического свойства покрытия не станет равной или выше контрольной величины напряжения пробоя покрытия.2. Способ по п.1, в котором указанная поверхность реакторной системы представляет собой стенку около слоя, и покрытие во время реакции подвергается воздействию движущейся текучей среды внутри псевдоожиженного слоя.3. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором покрытие представляет собой пленку полимера.4. Способ по п.1, в к РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (51) МПК B01J 8/24 (11) (13) 2012 157 626 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2012157626/05, 20.05.2011 (71) Заявитель(и): ЮНИВЕЙШН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЛЛК (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 28.05.2010 US 61/349,600 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на ...

Separation vessels for use in polymerization processes and methods for cleaning same

Both a system and method for cleaning a low pressure separation vessel of a high pressure polyethylene polymerization plant are provided. The system includes a polytetrafluoroethylene lining that covers the interior surfaces of the vessel, and a cover mounting assembly including an annular clamp for detachably mounting a cover over the vessel. The mounting assembly includes a clamp actuator for quickly securing and releasing the cover with respect to a top rim of the vessel. The vessel is drained of liquid polyethylene and allowed to cool to ambient temperature, thus creating a frozen "skin" of polyethylene around the interior surfaces of the vessel. The clamp actuator releases the cover. The polyethylene skin is peeled off the interior sides the vessel and gathered up at the top to form a neck, thus peeling the polyethylene skin away from the polytetrafluoroethylene lining along with any degraded polymers or other impurities that have accumulated on the interior surfaces of the vessel.

用于丙酮合氰化氢的酰胺化方法中的水解容器

本发明涉及在丙酮合氰化氢(ACH)的酰胺化步骤期间，在用于生产甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)或甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的工业方法中使用的水解容器(200)。水解容器(200)用于采用硫酸水解丙酮合氰化氢以产生包含α-硫酸根合异丁酰胺(SIBAM)的混合物。其包括在其内部环形周边区域上的至少一个冷却系统(212、244)，并且其沿其垂直壁被划分为至少两级，优选三级，每级(S1至S3)包括ACH进料入口(201、202、203)。这样的容器允许控制混合物的均匀性和温度两者，并由此在非常安全的条件下获得水解反应的高收率。

SOLID REACTOR WITH ANTISTATIC COATING FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS IN THE GAS PHASE

Solid reactor with an antistatic coating for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase

A solid reactor for carrying out reactions in a gaseous phase. The inside wall of the reactor is provided with an antistatic coating 0.1-800 νm thick. Said coating mainly consists of a poly-α-olefin and a non-volatile antistatic agent.

気相で行なわれる反応のための帯電防止被膜を持つ固体反応器

(57)【要約】 気相で反応を行なう固体反応器の内壁が、実質的にポリ−α−オレフィンと不揮発性の帯電防止剤からなる、厚さ０．１〜８００μｍの帯電防止層により被覆される。

Solid reactor with an antistatic coating for carrying out reactions in a gaseousphase

Corrosive chemical containment system

Corrosive chemicals are contained in metallic vessels, the inside portion of which is coated with a homogeneous, porous polymer containing inorganic filler. The particle size, shape and distribution provides a controlled porosity which allows entrapped permeants from the corrosive chemical to escape, yet does not significantly affect the utility of the protective coating as a chemical corrosion barrier protecting the metallic vessel.

监视和恢复聚合反应器壁膜的电气性质的方法和装置

本文公开了监视和恢复聚合反应器壁膜的电气性质的方法。本方法可以包括使用反应器壁监视器监视并确定壁膜的电气性质，比如床电压或击穿电压。本方法可以进一步包括响应所测出的电气性质，向反应器增加连续添加剂和/或调整向反应器增加的连续添加剂的进给速率。

Method and apparatus for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall film

Described herein are methods for monitoring and restoring electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall films. The method may comprise using a reactor wall monitor to monitor and determine an electrical property, such as the bed voltage or breakdown voltage, of the wall film. The method may further comprise adding continuity additive to the reactor and/or adjusting the feed rate of continuity additive being added to the reactor in response to the measured electrical property.

Method and apparatus for monitoring and recovering electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall film

método e aparelho para monitoramento e recuperação de propriedades elétricas da película de parede de reator de polimerização. a presente invenção refere-se a métodos para monitoramento e recuperação de propriedades elétricas de películas de parede de reatores de polimerização. o método pode compreender usar um monitor de parede de reator para monitorar e determinar uma propriedade. o método pode ainda compreender a adição de aditivo de coesão ao reator e/ou ajuste da taxa de alimentação do aditivo de coesão, que está sendo adicionado ao reator, em resposta à propriedade elétrica medida. Method and apparatus for monitoring and recovering the electrical properties of the polymerization reactor wall film. The present invention relates to methods for monitoring and recovering electrical properties of polymerization reactor wall films. The method may comprise using a reactor wall monitor to monitor and determine a property. The method may further comprise adding cohesion additive to the reactor and / or adjusting the feed rate of the cohesion additive being added to the reactor in response to the measured electrical property.

监视和恢复聚合反应器壁膜的电气性质的方法和装置

本文公开了监视和恢复聚合反应器壁膜的电气性质的方法。本方法可以包括使用反应器壁监视器监视并确定壁膜的电气性质，比如床电压或击穿电压。本方法可以进一步包括响应所测出的电气性质，向反应器增加连续添加剂和/或调整向反应器增加的连续添加剂的进给速率。

一种动静混合搅拌反应器

本发明公开了一种动静混合搅拌反应器，包括竖直设置的圆柱形罐体，罐体上端开口处设有罐盖，在罐盖上端设有电机减速机，电机减速机输出端连接有伸入罐体内部的搅拌轴，搅拌轴远离电机减速机的一端连接有形状为U字形的第一组搅拌器，在搅拌轴位于罐盖与第一组搅拌器之间设有第二组浆式搅拌器，在罐体内部还竖直设有用于安插检测探头的导流管，导流管上端与罐盖连接，沿导流管长度方向设有第三组浆式搅拌器，第三组浆式搅拌器与第二组浆式搅拌器交错设置，在罐体圆周方向设有夹套，本发明不仅结构简单，成本低，安全可靠，使用寿命长，充分满足固液两相物质尤其是高密度固体颗粒物的均匀混合反应，提高反应速度，提高工作效率，降低成本。

Gas phase polymerization and disbributor plate passivation treatment

Apparatus and methods for gas phase polymerization are provided. The method can include polymerizing one or more olefins at gas phase conditions in a reactor comprising one or more process exposed surfaces in the presence of a catalyst system; and treating at least a portion of the one or more process exposed surfaces prior to injecting the catalyst system to reduce the number of surface hydroxyls or access of the catalyst system to the surface hydroxyls on the process exposed surfaces.

Pressure vessel system

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel system (1), comprising: - a pressure vessel (2) having a reaction chamber (3) in the form of a pressure chamber for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressurized reactions of samples (P) received in the reaction chamber (3); and - a rail (50), which is rigidly connected to one part of the pressure vessel (2) and has a first connection point (51) for admitting fluid, a second connection point (52) for discharging fluid and a fluid line (53), which fluidically connects the first connection point (51) to the second connection point (52), the fluid line (53) being fluidically connected to the reaction chamber (3) via the second connection point (52), and the rail (50) comprising at least one third connection point (55), which is fluidically connected to the fluid line (53) and can be connected to a device (56) such that the device (56) is fluidically connected to the fluid line (53) and thus to the reaction chamber (3).

Corrosion resistant reformer tube with internal heat exchange

탄화수소-함유 투입 가스의 증기 개질에 의해 합성 가스를 제조하기 위한 개질기 튜브가 제안되며, - 외부 쉘 튜브는 분리 트레이에 의해 반응 챔버와 출구 챔버로 나누어지고, - 증기-개질-활성 고형 촉매의 덤핑된 베드는 반응 챔버 내에 배열되고, - 적어도 하나의 열 교환기 튜브는 반응 챔버 내측 및 덤핑된 촉매 베드 내측에 배열되고, 열 교환기 튜브의 입구 단부는 덤핑된 촉매 베드와 유체 연결되고, 열 교환기 튜브의 출구 단부는 출구 챔버와 유체 연결되고, - 열 교환기 튜브의 출구 단부는 분리 트레이를 관통하고, 쉘 튜브의 내부에 배치되고 합성 가스 생성물을 위한 수집 도관과 유체 연결되는 부식 방지 내부 튜브 내로 개방되며, - 가스 투과성 단열 층이 쉘 튜브의 내벽과 내부 튜브의 외벽 사이에 배열된다. A reformer tube for the production of synthesis gas by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon-containing input gas is proposed, the outer shell tube being divided into a reaction chamber and an outlet chamber by a separation tray, - dumping of the steam-reforming-active solid catalyst the exhausted bed is arranged within the reaction chamber, wherein at least one heat exchanger tube is arranged inside the reaction chamber and inside the dumped catalyst bed, the inlet end of the heat exchanger tube being in fluid communication with the dumped catalyst bed, the outlet end is in fluid communication with the outlet chamber, the outlet end of the heat exchanger tube passing through the separation tray and opening into the corrosion resistant inner tube disposed inside the shell tube and in fluid communication with a collection conduit for the synthesis gas product; - a gas permeable insulating layer is arranged between the inner wall of the shell tube and the outer wall of the inner tube;

Substantially flat enamelled metal heat exchanger

The invention concerns a heat exchanger consisting of two parallel planar or slightly curved surfaces made in two metal sheets (2) and (3). The longitudinal (8) and (9) and transverse (12) and (13) edges are made in the form of rounded rims, and its whole external surface is enamelled. Said heat exchangers can be used in groups of several mutually parallel units inside a tubular body or radially arranged inside a cylindrical vessel of a chemical reactor to constitute an complex exchanger. Said invention is of particular interest to manufacturers of industrial heat exchangers in particular those designed for chemical, pharmaceutical or agri-foodstuff sector installations.

具有經矽化物塗覆的金屬表面之反應器

Method for preventing the deposition of pyrolysis products of hydrocarbon fluids and products coated with metal surfaces

Protective metal oxide films on metal or alloy substrate surfaces susceptible to coking, corrosion or catalytic activity

This case relates to a process for forming protective metal oxide films on metal or alloy substrate surfaces susceptible to coking, corrosion or catalytic activity. The process comprises first preoxidizing the substrate surface and then depositing on the pre-oxidized surface a metal oxide of Ca, Mg, Al, Ga, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb or Cr by vapor phase decomposition of a volatile compound of the metal which has at least one metal-oxygen bond. Nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, air or steam may be used as carrier gases for the metal compound.

Coated articles for thermal hydrocarbon fluids and methods for preventing thermal degradation deposits on fuels

Hydrolysis vessel used in a process for amidification of acetone cyanohydrin

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel (200) is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system (212; 244) on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S1 to S3) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (201, 202, 203). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions.

Patent FR3012143A1

L'invention concerne une cuve d'hydrolyse (200) utilisée pendant l'étape d'amidification de cyanohydrine d'acétone (ACH), dans le procédé industriel de production de méthacrylate de méthyle (MMA) ou d'acide méthacrylique (MAA). La cuve d'hydrolyse (200) est utilisée pour hydrolyser de la cyanohydrine d'acétone avec de l'acide sulfurique pour produire un mélange comprenant de l'α-sulf atoisobutyramide (SIBAM). Elle comprend au moins un système de refroidissement (212 ; 244) sur sa zone de périphérie annulaire interne et elle est divisée en au moins deux niveaux, de préférence trois, le long de sa paroi verticale, chaque niveau (S1 à S3) comprenant une entrée d'alimentation d'ACH (201, 202, 203). Une telle cuve permet de réguler à la fois l'homogénéité et la température du mélange, et ainsi d'obtenir un rendement élevé pour la réaction d'hydrolyse dans des conditions très sûres. The invention relates to a hydrolysis tank (200) used during the acetone cyanohydrin amidating step (ACH), in the industrial process for the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). . The hydrolysis tank (200) is used to hydrolyze acetone cyanohydrin with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising α-sulfoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system (212; 244) on its inner annular periphery zone and is divided into at least two levels, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each level (S1 to S3) comprising a ACH power input (201, 202, 203). Such a tank makes it possible to regulate both the homogeneity and the temperature of the mixture, and thus to obtain a high yield for the hydrolysis reaction under very safe conditions.

Hydrolysis vessel used in a process for amidification of acetone cyanohydrin

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel (200) is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system (212; 244) on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S1 to S3) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (201, 202, 203). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions.

Hydrolysis vessel for use in a process for the amidation of acetone cyanohydrin

本发明涉及在丙酮合氰化氢(ACH)的酰胺化步骤期间，在用于生产甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)或甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的工业方法中使用的水解容器(200)。水解容器(200)用于采用硫酸水解丙酮合氰化氢以产生包含α‑硫酸根合异丁酰胺(SIBAM)的混合物。其包括在其内部环形周边区域上的至少一个冷却系统(212、244)，并且其沿其垂直壁被划分为至少两级，优选三级，每级(S1至S3)包括ACH进料入口(201、202、203)。这样的容器允许控制混合物的均匀性和温度两者，并由此在非常安全的条件下获得水解反应的高收率。

Device and method for production of diluted water solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to device and method of production of diluted water solution of peroximonosulphuric acid. Device contains channel for water flow, mixing tube, located inside channel and provided with static mixer, placed inside it, output, open into channel, and input, tube for sulphuric acid supply, connected to input of mixing tube, and tube for supply of hydrogen peroxide, located inside tube for supply of sulphuric acid and provided with output for hydrogen peroxide, located near input of mixing tube. Method consists in the following: water flow is passed through device channel, sulphuric acid in concentration from 85 to 98 wt % is introduced into tube for sulphuric acid supply, and water solution of hydrogen peroxide in concentration from 50 to 80 wt % is introduced into tube for supply of hydrogen peroxide. EFFECT: safe production of diluted water solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid and cost reduction. 2 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 564 333 C1 (51) МПК B01J 14/00 (2006.01) B01J 19/24 (2006.01) C01B 15/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2014115415/05, 19.09.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 19.09.2012 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): СТИЗЕЛ Питер (NZ), ТАУНСЕНД Даррен (NZ), БАРРАТТ Томас (NZ) 21.09.2011 EP 11182103.9 (45) Опубликовано: 27.09.2015 Бюл. № 27 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 21.04.2014 (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2012/068391 (19.09.2012) 2 5 6 4 3 3 3 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5439663 A, 08.08.1995. WO 92/07791 A1, 14.05.1992. US 2789954 A, 23.04.1957. SU 585236 A1, 25.12.1977 R U (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВОНИК ДЕГУССА ГМБХ (DE) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 5 6 4 3 3 3 R U Адрес для переписки: 105082, Москва, Спартаковский пер., д. 2, стр. 1, секция 1, этаж 3, "ЕВРОМАРКПАТ" (54) УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ...

Use of compositions containing silicon for improving the corrosion resistance of vessels

Use of a composition comprising silicon, oxygen and at least one of calcium, potassium, or titanium, as a material for coating an equipment or as a constituent material of equipment, intended to be in contact with a mixture containing a chlorohydrin, hydrogen chloride and water. The use of the composition may provide a method for reducing corrosion of the equipment, for decreasing the frequency of replacement of the equipment and/or for lowering the risks linked to equipment breakage and leak. The equipment which is intended to be in contact with the mixture may be used in a process for manufacturing a chlorohydrin, in which a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture of the two, is reacted with a chlorinating agent that contains hydrogen chloride.

Method of producing phenol and acetone and polymer coating for reactor

FIELD: manufacturing technology. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to polymer coating based on fluorocarbon polymer, polypropylene, polyethylene, fluorine-chlorocarbon polymer, fluorinated ether, or combinations thereof, for application on inner surface of reactor or its part in process of producing phenol and acetone by cumol method, forming film when applied with thickness from 1 to 10,000 mcm with surface tension of from 19 to 31 mN/m. Invention also relates to method of producing phenol and acetone, which involves decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide at temperature of 90-160 °C and pressure of up to 1,400 kPa in one or more reactors, wherein process is carried out in reactor, inner surface of which is covered with disclosed polymer coating. EFFECT: invention allows to reduce undesirable accumulation of deposits in production equipment. 2 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C09D 127/00 C09D 5/16 C07C 39/04 C07C 37/08 C07C 45/53 C07C 49/08 B01J 19/24 (13) 2 581 586 C2 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2014132768/04, 08.08.2014 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 08.08.2014 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.02.2016 Бюл. № 6 (45) Опубликовано: 20.04.2016 Бюл. № 11 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ОБЩЕСТВО С ОГРАНИЧЕННОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬЮ "НАУЧНОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЕ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЕ ЕВРОХИМ" (RU) 2 5 8 1 5 8 6 R U (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФЕНОЛА И АЦЕТОНА И ПОЛИМЕРНОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ ДЛЯ РЕАКТОРА (57) Реферат: Настоящее изобретение относится к получения фенола и ацетона, включающему полимерному покрытию на основе разложение гидропероксида кумола при фторуглеродного полимера, полипропилена, температуре 90-160°С и давлении до 1400 кПа в полиэтилена, фтор-хлоруглеродного полимера, одном или нескольких реакторах, при этом фторированного эфира, либо их комбинации, для процесс проводят в реакторе, внутреннюю нанесения на ...

Hydrolysis and hydrolysis reactor

A hydrolysis of particulate lignocellulosic material with hydrochloric acid, characterized in that the hydrolysis is carried out in a hydrolysis reactor, which hydrolysis reactor comprises - a cylindrical body with a wall structure of filament-wound composite, which reactor is provided with at least one inlet opening at one end of the cylindrical body and with at least one outlet opening at the opposite end of the cylindrical body; and - a plastic lining inside the cylindrical body. And a hydrolysis reactor for the hydrolysis of particulate lignocellulosic material with hydrochloric acid, comprises a cylindrical body with a wall structure of filament-wound composite, which reactor is provided with at least one inlet opening at one end of the cylindrical body and with at least one outlet opening at the opposite end of the cylindrical body; and a plastic lining inside the cylindrical body.

Flow type reactor

The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide a flow type reactor that can use chargeable substances, such as organic solvents with low dielectric constants, and has excellent corrosion resistance. This flow type reactor is characterized by being provided with two or more raw material liquid feed units, a mixing unit for mixing the raw materials from these raw material liquid feed units, and a reactor unit through which a mixed liquid adjusted by the mixing unit flows, and in that at least part of the inner wall of the reactor unit is constituted of a fluororesin having a conductive filler.

Tandem reactor system having an injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber, tubular-reactor, and axially movable interface

A reactor system for gas phase reacting of at least two fluid feed streams, where the reactor system has an injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber in fluid communication with a tubular-flow reactor. The injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber has a bulkhead that slides during real-time operation to either diminish or expand the internal volume of the backmixing reaction chamber. In one embodiment, the effective passageway space through the bulkhead is also variably adjustable. In another embodiment, the tubular-flow reactor shares the bulkhead so that axial bulkhead movement commensurately expands one reaction space while diminishing the other reaction space. Input gas streams enter the backmixing reaction chamber with sufficient velocity to turbulently agitate the contents of the injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber by injective intermixing of the alkane-containing gas feed stream and the oxygen-containing gas feed stream. A focal application is for direct (partial) oxidative conversion of natural gas to alkyl oxygenates.

Inhibit the coating of the incrustation of the reactor for cumene hydroperoxide cleavage

本公开涉及包括以下的方法：在包括一个或多个反应器的系统中，由氢过氧化枯烯的分解形成苯酚和丙酮混合物，或者由包含二枯基过氧化物的混合物的分解形成苯酚、丙酮和AMS，其中，一个或多个反应器的内表面的至少一部分具有聚合物涂层，并且其中，与在缺乏涂层的情况下的这种堆积相比，涂层抑制积垢沉淀在一个或多个反应器的涂覆的内表面上的堆积。

Tandem Reactor System Having an Injectively-Mixed Backmixing Reaction Chamber, Tubular-Reactor, and Axially Movable Interface

A reactor system for gas phase reacting of at least two fluid feed streams, where the reactor system has an injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber in fluid communication with a tubular-flow reactor. The injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber has a bulkhead that slides during real-time operation to either diminish or expand the internal volume of the backmixing reaction chamber. In one embodiment, the effective passageway space through the bulkhead is also variably adjustable. In another embodiment, the tubular-flow reactor shares the bulkhead so that axial bulkhead movement commensurately expands one reaction space while diminishing the other reaction space. Input gas streams enter the backmixing reaction chamber with sufficient velocity to turbulently agitate the contents of the injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber by injective intermixing of the alkane-containing gas feed stream and the oxygen-containing gas feed stream. A focal application is for direct (partial) oxidative conversion of natural gas to alkyl oxygenates.

Pipe reactor

An apparatus useful for reactions carried out under corrosive conditions is provided. In particular, a polymer-lined pipe reactor (10, 20) with an internal (17) or external circulating tube (33) useful for carrying out corrosive reactions, such as halogen exchange reactions, is provided.

Fluidized bed reactor with pinching fittings for the production of polysilicon granules, and methods and uses thereof

본 발명은 미립자 폴리실리콘의 흐름을 조절하거나 차단하기 위한, 핀칭 칼라(pinching collar)를 포함하는 하나 이상의 핀칭 피팅(pinching fitting)의 용도, 폴리실리콘 과립물 생성용 유동층 반응기 시스템, 및 이러한 핀칭 피팅을 사용한 폴리실리콘 과립물의 생성 방법에 관한 것이며, 여기서, 하나 이상의 이러한 핀칭 피팅들(1, 3, 5, 10, 14)이 상기 시스템에 사용된다. 특히, 에틸렌 프로필렌 디엔 고무 및/또는 플루오르화된 탄성중합체로 제조된 핀칭 칼라를 갖는 핀칭 피팅이 미립자 폴리실리콘의 흐름을 조절하며 및/또는 차단하는 데 사용하기에 적합하며, 특히 실리콘 과립물 생성용 유동층 반응기 시스템(7)에 사용하기에 적합하다. 핀칭 피팅은 폴리실리콘 흐름을 영구적으로 기체-밀착(tight) 방식으로, 낮은 오염도로 조절하거나 차단한다. 핀칭 칼라는 장기간의 사용 기간을 가지며, 화학적으로 및 열적으로 저항성이고, 폴리실리콘의 경도 및 마모성(abrasiveness)에 적합하다.

Tubular flow reactor and method for producing resin fine particles using the tubular flow reactor

Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits

Articles for hot hydrocarbon fluid wherein the surface for contacting the fluid is a metal oxide, amorphous glass or metal fluoride diffusion barrier material coated on a metal substrate. The metal oxide, amorphous glass or metal fluoride is deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), e.g., by effusive CVD of an organometallic compound on the surface without the use of carrier gas, without pre-oxidation of the surface and without thermal decomposition of the diffusion barrier coating material. Examples of coating materials deposited by effusive CVD are SiO 2 , TiO 2 , spinel and Al 2 O 3 . The articles having the coated surfaces find utility in components subjected to high temperatures wherein the components are in contact with hydrocarbon fluids without additives, without special attention to quality control and without the need for special processing.

Reaction chamber member and manufacturing method thereof, reaction chamber

반응 챔버 부재에 있어서, 부재 본체(1)와 상기 부재 본체(1)의 커버될 표면에 마련되는 산화 필름층(11)을 포함하고, 상기 부재 본체(1)는 5-시리즈 알루미늄 합금 소재를 이용하여 제조된다. 반응 챔버의 제조 방법 및 반응 챔버에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 내부식성을 향상시킬 수 있어 반응 챔버의 수명을 향상시키고, 반응 챔버 부재 표면의 금속 오염을 감소시킬 수 있다. A reaction chamber member comprising: a member body (1) and an oxide film layer (11) provided on a surface to be covered of the member body (1), wherein the member body (1) uses a 5-series aluminum alloy material is manufactured by It relates to a method for manufacturing a reaction chamber and a reaction chamber. The present invention can improve corrosion resistance, thereby improving the life of the reaction chamber and reducing metal contamination on the surface of the reaction chamber member.

Continuous polymerization process to prepare superabsorbent polymer

본 발명은, 단량체 및 개시제를 3개 이상의 구역을 갖는 반응기 시스템에서 중합 조건으로 처리함을 포함하는 수 불용성 수 팽윤성 중합체의 연속식 제조방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of water-insoluble water swellable polymers comprising treating monomers and initiators under polymerization conditions in a reactor system having three or more zones.

Chemical digestion device

Method of producing hydrogen sulphide

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing hydrogen sulphide from sulphur and hydrogen in a reactor. Sulphur and hydrogen react in a reactor at temperature between 400 and 550°C and pressure from over 9 to 20 bars. A reactor is used, and if needed and preferably - pipes, as well as reinforcement and elements and components of control-measurement and regulating apparatus in contact with aggressive medium, which are partly or completely made from material which is resistant to the corrosive action of the reaction medium, where the said material contains aluminium, or material which is coated with aluminium oxide or oxide on its surface which is in contact with the reaction mixture. The material contains aluminium in amount of 1-10 wt % and Cu, Co and/or Y in amount of 0-5 wt %. Synthesis is carried out in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst. EFFECT: obtaining hydrogen sulphide on a industrial scale at high reaction pressure and temperature, which means with high efficiency, while ensuring longevity of the reaction equipment owing to reduced corrosive wear. 19 cl, 6 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 424 976 (13) C2 (51) МПК C01B 17/16 C22C 35/00 (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2008146592/05, 02.04.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 02.04.2007 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВОНИК ДЕГУССА ГМБХ (DE) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 27.04.2006 DE 102006019590.6 (72) Автор(ы): РЕДЛИНГСХЁФЕР Хуберт (DE), ШЮТЦЕ Карл-Гюнтер (DE), ВЕКБЕККЕР Кристоф (DE), ХУТМАХЕР Клаус (DE) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.06.2010 Бюл. № 16 2 4 2 4 9 7 6 2 4 2 4 9 7 6 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: DE 558432 C, 07.09.1932. US 2005/0019487 A1, 27.01.2005. US 6623869 B1, 23.09.2003. EP 0339818 A1, 02.11.1989. US 2965455 A, 20.12.1960. SU 529256 A1, 25.09.1976. RU 2271402 C1, 10.03. ...

Method and apparatus for carrying out a hydrothermal carbonation reaction and use of a sensor or analyzer therefor

Ziel der hydrothermalen Karbonisierungsreaktion ist es, eine möglichst gute Ausbeute bestimmter Stoffe zu erhalten, beispielsweise eine möglichst hohe Kohlenstoffausbeute. Zugeführt wird dem Prozess jedoch Biomasse ganz unterschiedlicher Art und Qualität, so dass gegebenenfalls die Reaktion innerhalb jedes einzelnen Batches unterschiedlich abläuft. Ein Einwirken ist regelmäßig problematisch, weil der Prozess geschlossen abläuft. Daher wird vorgeschlagen, in einer Bypassleitung des Reaktionsbehälters einen Sensor oder ein Analysegerät für den gesamten organischen Kohlenstoff (TOC-Sensor oder TOC-Analyser, TOC = total organic carbon, gesamter organischer Kohlenstoff), für den gelösten organischen Kohlenstoff (DOC-Sensor oder DOC-Analyser, DOC = dissolved organic carbon) oder für Fraktionen des gesamten organischen Kohlenstoffs anzuordnen. Abhängig von dessen Messergebnissen kann dann manuell oder über eine Prozesssteuerung eine Anpassung der Prozessparameter vorgenommen werden.