РЕАКЦИОННАЯ ТРУБА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЦИАНИСТОГО ВОДОРОДА

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a process for producing hydrogen cyanide by reacting ammonia with aliphatic hydrocarbons and a reaction tube for its production. Reaction tube is a cylindrical ceramic tube with a platinum-containing catalyst supported on its inner wall and at least one insert element which is inserted into the cylindrical tube and which is made of ceramic and comprises three or four ribs pointing from the tube axis towards the tube inner wall, which ribs divide the tube interior into substantially straight channels with substantially equal cross-sections in the shape of circular segments, and the average distance between the ends of the ribs and the tube inner wall ranges from 0.1 to 3 mm.EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the total yield of hydrogen cyanide, as well as improvement in the yield per unit volume per unit time and prevention of the removal of the catalyst from the internal wall of the reaction tube.11 cl, 5 ex, 3 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 666 446 C2 (51) МПК B01J 19/24 (2006.01) C01C 3/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 19/24 (2006.01); B01J 19/2415 (2006.01); C01C 3/02 (2006.01); C01C 3/0229 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2016118024, 02.10.2014 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 07.09.2018 11.10.2013 EP 13188304.3 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 16.11.2017 Бюл. № (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2006/050781 A2, 18.05.2006. US 3156544 A, 10.11.1964. US 3970435 A, 20.07.1976. DE 4128201 A1, 04.03.1993. EP 0004079 A2, 19.09.1979. 32 (45) Опубликовано: 07.09.2018 Бюл. № 25 (86) Заявка PCT: C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 11.05.2016 EP 2014/071119 (02.10.2014) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 6 6 6 4 4 6 WO 2015/052066 (16.04.2015) R U 2 6 6 6 4 4 6 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВОНИК ДЕГУССА ГМБХ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный ...

НОВЫЙ РЕАКТОР, ПОЗВОЛЯЮЩИЙ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЯТЬ РЕАКЦИИ ПРИ СВЕРХВЫСОКОЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ И ВЫСОКОМ ДАВЛЕНИИ

FIELD: process engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reactor for chemical high-exothermic reactions at 1600°C and 100 bar. Reactor has reaction zone confined by inner wall and surrounded by inner chamber confined by inner metallic surface and inner wall made from refractory material wit porosity smaller than 50 vol. % and density exceeding 1000 kg/m. It has one inlet for part of reagents, inlet for another part of reagents, effluents discharge branch pipe to extend built-in heat exchange central branch pie. It has also central chamber confined by outer metallic shell and inner metallic surface of inner chamber and filled with isolation material. Said material features heat conductivity lower than 0.5 W/(m;K), preferably lower than 0.1 W/(m;K), and density smaller than 500 kg/m. This allows maintaining in reaction zone Z: temperature of 1000°C to 1600°C, pressure of 50-100 mar, and pressure difference between inner chamber (I) and outer chamber (II) of 0.1-3 bar, preferably, 0.3-2 bar. Invention covers also method of partial oxidation or combustion of hydrocarbon compounds.EFFECT: chemical high- exothermic reactions at 1600°C and 100 bar.7 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 471 544 (13) C2 (51) МПК B01J 3/04 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010126636/02, 24.10.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 24.10.2008 (72) Автор(ы): БЕРТОЛЭН Стефан (FR), ЖИРУДЬЕР Фабрис (FR) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ИФП (FR) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 30.11.2007 FR 07/08373 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.01.2012 Бюл. № 1 2 4 7 1 5 4 4 (45) Опубликовано: 10.01.2013 Бюл. № 1 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: EP 0689868 A1, 03.01.1996. US 6725787 B2, 27.04.2004. RU 2091352 C1, 27.07.1997. RU 2005138146 A, 20.06.2007. RU 48389 U1, 10.10.2005. SU 1788684 A, 20.09.1996. 2 4 7 1 5 4 4 R U (86) Заявка PCT: FR 2008/001503 (24.10.2008) C ...

АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

1. Аппарат (1) для получения синтез-газа, содержащий по существу цилиндрическую оболочку (2), закрытую с противоположных сторон днищами (3, 4), по меньшей мере одно впускное отверстие (8) для подачи газового потока, содержащего кислород, по меньшей мере одно впускное отверстие (7) для газового потока, содержащего углеводороды, по меньшей мере одно выпускное отверстие для потока синтез-газа, и по меньшей мере одну горелку (9), сообщающуюся с реакционной камерой (15) для частичного окисления и(или) риформинга углеводородов с получением потока синтез-газа, отличающийся тем, что он содержит трубу (12) из керамического материала, проходящую внутри оболочки (2), при этом внутреннее пространство этой трубы (12) из керамического материала образует реакционную камеру (15). ! 2. Аппарат (1) по п.1, отличающийся тем, что труба (12) из керамического материала по существу коаксиальна с оболочкой (2). ! 3. Аппарат (1) по п.1, отличающийся тем, что толщина трубы (12) из керамического материала составляет от 5 до 50 мм, предпочтительно от 20 до 50 мм. ! 4. Аппарат (1) по п.1, отличающийся тем, что труба (12) из керамического материала изготавливается технологией экструзионного прессования и спекания керамического материала, или плазменного осаждения. ! 5. Аппарат (1) по п.1, отличающийся тем, что керамический материал, используемый для изготовления трубы (12), содержит спеченные оксиды алюминия и(или) оксиды циркония, и(или) карбиды, такие как карбиды кремния и(или) оксиды редкоземельных металлов. ! 6. Аппарат (1) по п.1, отличающийся тем, что труба (12) из керамического материала выполнена из стыкуемых друг с другом отрезков трубы. ! 7. Аппарат (1) по п.1, отличающийся тем, что часть трубы

РЕАКЦИОННАЯ ТРУБА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЦИАНИСТОГО ВОДОРОДА

А 2016118024 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) (11) маза за э а 03) РЦ 2015 10 а А (50) МПК ВОЛ 1200 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016118024, 02.10.2014 (71) Заявитель(и): ЭВОНИК ДЕГУССА ГМБХ (РЕ) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): 11.10.2013 ЕР 13188304.3 ШТЕФФАН Мартин (50), (43) Дата публикации заявки: 16.11.2017 Бюл. № 32 ШТОЙРЕНТХАЛЕР Мартин (5С), МЮЛЛЕР Томас (ОЕ), (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки РСТ на КЁРФЕР Мартин (ОЕ), национальной фазе: 11.05.2016 КРИЛЛЬ Штеффен (ОЕ) (86) Заявка РСТ: ЕР 2014/071119 (02.10.2014) (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: УГО 2015/052066 (16.04.2015) Адрес для переписки: 105082, Москва, Спартаковский пер., 2, стр. 1, секция 1, этаж 3, ЕВРОМАРКПАТ (54) РЕАКЦИОННАЯ ТРУБА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЦИАНИСТОГО ВОДОРОДА (57) Формула изобретения 1. Реакционная труба для получения цианистого водорода, представляющая собой цилиндрическую трубу из керамики с нанесенным на ее внутреннюю стенку платиносодержащим катализатором, отличающаяся тем, что она снабжена по меньшей мере одним вставленным в нее встроенным элементом из керамики с тремя или четырьмя обращенными от оси трубы к ее внутренней стенке ребрами, которые подразделяют внутреннее пространство трубы на в основном прямые каналы с в основном одинаковыми имеющими форму круговых сегментов поперечными сечениями и среднее расстояние между концами которых и внутренней стенкой трубы составляет от 0,1 до 3 мм. 2. Реакционная труба по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что она выполнена из спеченного до высокой плотности оксида алюминия. 3. Реакционная труба по п. 1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что встроенный элемент выполнен из спеченного оксида алюминия. 4. Реакционная труба по п. 1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что встроенный элемент покрыт платиносодержащим катализатором. 5. Реакционная труба по п. 1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что концы ребер выполнены закругленными. 6. Реакционная труба по п. 1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что ...

НОВЫЙ РЕАКТОР, ПОЗВОЛЯЮЩИЙ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЯТЬ РЕАКЦИИ ПРИ СВЕРХВЫСОКОЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ И ВЫСОКОМ ДАВЛЕНИИ

1. Реактор для осуществления реакций при высокой температуре до 1600°С и высоком давлении до 100 бар, содержащий ! - реакционную зону (Z), ограниченную внутренней стенкой (4) и окруженную внутренней камерой (I), ! - внутреннюю камеру (I), ограниченную внутренней металлической поверхностью (2) и внутренней стенкой (4), при этом упомянутая внутренняя камера (I) выполнена из огнеупорного материала (3), содержит вход (11) для части реактивов, вход (7) для другой части реактивов и патрубок (5) для выхода эфлюентов, по существу выполненный в продолжении центрального патрубка (10) встроенного теплообменника (Е), при этом упомянутый огнеупорный материал (3) имеет пористость менее 50% по объему и плотность более 1000 кг/м3, ! - наружную камеру (II), заключенную между наружной металлической оболочкой (1) и внутренней металлической поверхностью (2) внутренней камеры (I), при этом упомянутая наружная камера (II) заполнена изолирующим материалом (13) и содержит теплообменник (Е), обеспечивающий охлаждение реакционных эфлюентов и предварительный нагрев реактивов, при этом упомянутый изолирующий материал (13) имеет теплопроводность менее 0,5 Вт/(м·К), предпочтительно менее 0,1 Вт/(м·К) и плотность менее 500 кг/м3, ! - наружную металлическую оболочку (1), закрывающую все составные элементы и содержащую, по меньшей мере, два патрубка входа реактивов, то есть патрубок (8), сообщающийся с встроенным теплообменником (Е), и патрубок (9), по существу находящийся в продолжении входа (11) и сообщающийся с реакционной зоной (Z), и, по меньшей мере, один патрубок (12) выхода эфлюентов, ! - теплообменник (Е) потока эфлюента, выполненный внутри наружной камеры (II), соединенный с патрубком (8) входа РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2010 126 636 (13) A (51) МПК B01J 3/04 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (71) Заявитель(и): ИФП (FR) (21)(22) Заявка: 2010126636/05, 24.10.2008 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 30.11.2007 FR 07/ ...

ПРОТОЧНЫЙ ТРУБЧАТЫЙ РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА КРЕМНИЯ ДО ТРИХЛОРСИЛАНА

1. Способ получения трихлорсилана путем взаимодействия тетрахлорида кремния с водородом в реакторе гидродехлорирования (3), отличающийся тем, что реактор гидродехлорирования (3) эксплуатируют под давлением, причем он включает одну или несколько реакторных труб (3а, 3б, 3в), выполненных из керамического материала.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что содержащий тетрахлорид кремния исходный газ (1) и/или содержащий водород исходный газ (2) в качестве потоков под давлением подают в эксплуатируемый под давлением реактор гидродехлорирования (3) и подвергают взаимодействию за счет подачи теплоты с получением содержащего трихлорсилан и HCl продуктового газа, выводимого из реактора гидродехлорирования (3) в качестве находящегося под давлением потока (4).3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что содержащий тетрахлорид кремния исходный газ (1) и содержащий водород исходный газ (2) подают в эксплуатируемый под давлением реактор гидродехлорирования (3) в качестве общего потока (1, 2).4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что керамический материал выбран из AlO, AlN, SiaN, SiCN или SiC.5. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что керамический материал выбран из SiC, пропитанного кремнием, изостатически прессованного SiC, горячо изостатически прессованного SiC или спеченного без давления SiC (SSiC).6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что одна или несколько реакторных труб (3а, 3б, 3в) выполнены из спеченного без давления SiC (SSiC).7. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что содержащий тетрахлорид кремния исходный газ (1) и/или содержащий водород исходный газ (2) подают в реактор гидродехлорирования (3) под давлением в диапазоне от 1 до 10 бар, предпочтительно в диапазоне от 3 до 8 бар, особенно � РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2012 135 373 A (51) МПК C01B 33/107 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2012135373/05, 15.12.2010 (71) Заявитель(и): ЭВОНИК ДЕГУССА ГМБХ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 18 ...

DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

REACTOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SILICON

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IN SITU GAS-PHASE PREPARATION AND PREDETERMINED DEFLAGRATION OF NITROCELLULOSE

An apparatus and method for in situ gas-phase formation and deflagration of nitrocellulose. A nitrating agent such as nitric acid and cellulose are delivered separately to a reaction chamber, where a brief heating pulse initiates nitration of the cellulose and deflagration of the nitrocellulose thus produced. Discharge of the high-pressure gases produced by the deflagration from the reaction chamber can then be used to drive an actuator, turbine, etc.

PYROLYSIS REACTOR MATERIALS AND METHODS

In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 20600C and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention ...

THERMAL CONVERSION OF METHANE TO HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé amélioré de conversion thermique du méthane en hydrocarbures de poids moléculaires plus élevés. Ce procédé est caractérisé par l'utilisation d'un système multicanaux réalisé en matière céramique, dans lequel les rangées de canaux sont alternativement parcourues par la charge et par les fluides caloporteurs ou réfrigérants, constituant un ensemble continu comportant une zone de pyrolyse suivie d'une zone de trempe.

PROCEDE, REACTEUR D'OXYDATION D'UNE CHARGE OXYDABLE EN PHASE GAZEUSE ET SON UTILISATION

L'invention décrit une nouvelle technique d'oxydation d'une charge oxydable en phase gazeuse. On met en contact selon le procédé, un mélange de gaz contenant au moins un gaz oxydant et une charge oxydable dans une zone de mise en contact et de mélange située entre au moins une première zone parcourue par la charge et au moins une seconde zone parcourue par les produits réactionnels d'oxydation ainsi obtenus, les première et seconde zones définissant une multiplicité d'espaces présentant des passages ayant, suivant au moins une direction, une dimension au plus égalé à la distance de coincement de la flamme pouvant résulter de l'oxydation de la charge, la zone de mise en contact comprenant une zone d'alimentation en mélange oxydant qui comporte une pluralité de conduits parallèles a parois poreuses et qui est située à une distance de la première zone et de la seconde zone au plus égale à la distance de coincement.

REACTOR AND REACTOR SYSTEM FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE REACTIONS

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АМИДОВ НИЗШИХ АЛИФАТИЧЕСКИХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к непрерывному способу получения амидов, согласно которому по меньшей мере одна карбоновая кислота формулы Iв которой Rпредставляет собой водород или необязательно замещённую алкильную группу, содержащую от 1 до 4 атомов углерода, реагирует по меньшей мере с одним амином формулы IIв которой Rи Rнезависимо являются водородом или углеводородной группой, содержащей от 1 до 100 атомов, с образованием аммониевой соли, и указанная аммониевая соль затем превращается в амид карбоновой кислоты под действием микроволнового облучения в реакционной трубке, продольная ось которой ориентирована в направлении распространения микроволн одномодовым микроволновым аппликатором. The invention relates to a continuous process for the production of amides, according to which at least one carboxylic acid of formula I in which R represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, reacts with at least one amine of formula II in which R and R are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 100 atoms, with the formation of the ammonium salt, and the specified ammonium salt is then converted to carboxylic amide by the action of a microwave eniya in the reaction tube, the longitudinal axis of which is oriented in the direction of propagation of the microwaves single mode microwave applicator.

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АМИДОВ НИЗШИХ АЛИФАТИЧЕСКИХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к непрерывному способу получения амидов, согласно которому по меньшей мере одна карбоновая кислота формулы (I) в которой R3 представляет собой водород или необязательно замещённую алкильную группу, содержащую от 1 до 4 атомов углерода, реагирует по меньшей мере с одним амином формулы (II) в которой R1 и R2 независимо являются водородом или углеводородной группой, содержащей от 1 до 100 атомов с образованием аммониевой соли, и указанная аммониевая соль затем превращается в амид карбоновой кислоты под действием микроволнового облучения в реакционной трубке, продольная ось которой ориентирована в направлении распространения микроволн одномодовым микроволновым аппликатором.

DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONVERSION OF THE METHANE WITH USE OF REACTOR WITH SUPERSONIC FLOW

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF METHANE BY MEANS OF SUPERSONIC FLOW REACTOR

METHOD, OXIDATION REACTOR OF A LOAD OXIDIZABLE GAS PHASE AND USE THEREOF

Process of aromatization and dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons

CYCLONE CERAMIC MATERIAL FOR FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT

L'invention concerne un cyclone (10) de séparation mécanique de particules en suspension dans un gaz, notamment destiné à une unité de craquage catalytique fluide, ledit cyclone comprenant les éléments suivants : - une enceinte de séparation (101), - une conduite d'entrée (102) débouchant à l'intérieur de l'enceinte (101), - une conduite de sortie (103) de gaz située en partie supérieure de l'enceinte (101) et - une conduite de sortie de particules (103) située en partie inférieure de l'enceinte (101), caractérisé en ce que chaque élément du cyclone est en un matériau céramique. L'invention concerne également une unité de craquage catalytique fluide équipée d'au moins un cyclone en matériau céramique.

Process, reactor for gas-phase oxidation of an oxidisable feedstock and its use

Reactor for high temperature and pressure reactions, e.g. partial oxidations or combustions, comprises reaction zone in refractory inner chamber within insulated outer chamber

A reactor for carrying out high temperature and pressure reactions, at up to 1600[deg] C and up to 100 bars, has a reaction zone (Z) enclosed by a inner chamber (I) of refractory material (3), within a metal-walled outer chamber (II) filled with insulating material and enclosing an integrated heat exchanger (E) for cooling reaction effluents and preheating reactants. The chambers also have various inlet, outlet and connecting tubes. A reactor for carrying out high temperature and pressure reactions, at up to 1600[deg] C and up to 100 bars, comprises: (A) a reaction zone (Z), defined by an internal wall (4) and enclosed by a inner chamber (I); (B) the inner chamber, of refractory material (3), defined by a metal internal surface (2) and the internal wall and having inlets (7, 11) for the parts of the reactants and an effluent outlet tube (5) continuing from the central tube (10) of an integrated heat exchanger (E); (C) an outer chamber (II) filled with insulating material, located between the metal internal surface and an outer metal casing (1) and enclosing the heat exchanger for cooling reaction effluents and preheating reactants; (D) the outer casing, enclosing the other components and having at least two reactant inlet tubes, i.e. a tube (8) connecting with the heat exchanger and a tube (9) continuing from the inlet (11) and connecting with the reaction zone, plus at least one effluent outlet tube (12); (E) the charge-effluent heat exchanger, contained within the outer chamber, connected to the inlet tube (8) for part of the reactants and the effluent outlet tube (12) and connecting with the reaction zone via an internal tube (7); and (F) a regulator for the pressure difference between the inner and outer chambers. Independent claims are included for partial oxidation or combustion processes using the reactors, in which: (1) (a) combustion supporter (E1) is introduced via the inlet tube (8), preheated in the heat exchanger (E), introduced into the tube (7) and ...

STRUCTURE OF GARNISHING FOR COLUMN OF ESTABLISHMENT OF CONTACT BETWEEN FLUIDS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD.

La structure de garnissage selon l'invention est destinée à équiper une colonne de mise en contact de fluides. La structure de garnissage forme un volume comportant un agencement ordonné de faisceaux de tubes de diamètre compris entre 5 et 50 mm. Les parois desdits tubes comportent des orifices disposés de manière à favoriser la circulation et le mélange des fluides dans ladite structure. Les orifices sont inscrits dans des rectangles dont les côtés mesurent entre 2 et 45 mm et chacun desdits orifices s'étend sur une aire supérieure à 2 mm<2>.

NEW PROCESS Of OXIDATION Of an OXYDABLE LOAD IN GAS PHASE AND ENGINE FOR the IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS.

New process, reactor for gas-phase oxidation of an oxidisable feedstock and its use

유동층 반응기 및 이를 이용한 고순도 입상 다결정 실리콘의 제조 방법

본 발명은 반응 튜브, 분배기 및 가열 장치를 포함하는 유동층 반응기로, 상기 반응 튜브 및 반응 튜브 바닥의 분배기는 패쇄 공간을 이루며, 상기 분배기는 가스 주입구 및 생성물 배출구를 포함하고, 상기 반응 튜브는 최상부 또는 상부에 각각 테일 가스 배출구 및 시드 배출구를 포함하며, 상기 반응 튜브는 반응 내부 튜브 및 반응 외부 튜브를 포함하고, 상기 가열 장치는 상기 반응 내부 튜브의 외부 벽과 반응 외부 튜브의 내부 벽 사이에 형성된 중공인 동공 내에 위치한 유도 가열 장치이고, 여기서 상기 중공인 동공은 보호용 수소, 질소 또는 불활성 기체로 채워지고, 약 0.01 내지 약 5MPa의 압력을 유지할 수 있음을 특징으로 하는, 유동층 반응기 및 상기 반응기를 사용한 고순도 입상 폴리실리콘의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 유동층 반응기는 반응 챔버 내 실리콘 입자를 직접 가열하는 유도 가열을 사용하여, 반응 튜브의 온도가 반응 챔버 내부보다 낮아지게 하여, 튜브 벽의 퇴적을 방지하고, 보다 균일하게 가열되도록 하여, 큰 직경을 갖는 유동층 반응기에서 단일 반응기 당 생산량을 증가시키는데 유용하다. The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction tube, a distributor and a heating device, wherein the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube form a containment space, the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet, Wherein the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube, the heating device comprising a hollow tube formed between the outer wall of the reaction inner tube and the inner wall of the reaction outer tube, Characterized in that the hollow pores are filled with a protective hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas and can maintain a pressure of about 0.01 to about 5 MPa, characterized in that the hollow pores are filled with a high purity And a method for producing the particulate polysilicon. The fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention uses induction heating to directly heat the silicon particles in the reaction chamber so that the temperature of the reaction tube is made lower than the inside of the reaction chamber to prevent deposition of the tube wall and more uniformly heating, Which is useful for increasing the yield per single reactor in a fluidized bed reactor having a large diameter.

FLOW TUBE REACTOR FOR CONVERTING SILICON TETRACHLORIDE TO TRICHLOROSILANE

DEVICE FOR SOLUTION REACTION AND METHOD OF SULUTION REACTION USING THE SAME

FLOW TUBE REACTOR FOR CONVERTING SILICON TETRACHLORIDE TO TRICHLOROSILANE

The invention relates to a method for converting silicon tetrachloride having hydrogen to trichlorosilane in a hydrodechlorination reactor, wherein the hydrodechlorination reactor is operated under pressure and comprises one or more reactor tubes which are made of a ceramic material. The invention further relates to the use of such a hydrodechlorination reactor as an integral component of a system for producing trichlorosilane from metallurgical silicon.

MEMBRANE REACTOR

A membrane reactor is disclosed, comprising ceramic membrane tubes (3) and a sleeved chamber surrounding the membrane tubes (3). The membrane reactor can be made up of several modules. A module consists of a bundle of ceramic membrane tubes (3), fixed at both ends in or on a common ceramic tube plate (4) and (5). The both parallel tube plates (4) and (5), which belong to one module, are provided with a sleeve (1) on the external circumference thereof over the whole length of the membrane tubes (3). The materials required for the reaction are supplied through the sleeved chamber and through the membrane tubes (3).

REACTION TUBE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN CYANIDE

The reaction tube for preparing hydrogen cyanide comprises a cylindrical tube composed of ceramic, a catalyst comprising platinum applied to the inner wall of the tube and also at least one insert composed of ceramic, having three or four fins pointing from the tube axis to the inner wall of the tube, which is inserted into the cylindrical tube, wherein the fins divide the tube interior space into substantially straight channels with substantially identical circle segment cross sections and wherein the mean gap between the ends of the fins and the inner wall of the tube is in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm. In the method for preparing hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are reacted in the reaction tube at 1000 to 1400° C.

Apparatus for the production of synthesis gas

An apparatus (1) for producing synthesis gas is described comprising a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed by opposite bottoms (3, 4), at least one inlet opening (8) for feeding a gaseous flow comprising oxygen, at least one inlet opening (7) for a gaseous flow comprising hydrocarbons and at least one outlet opening for a flow of synthesis gas and at least one burner (9) in fluid communication with a reaction chamber (15) for partially oxidising and/or reforming said hydrocarbons obtaining said flow of synthesis gas, the apparatus being characterised in that it comprises a pipe (12) of ceramic material substantially coaxial with said shell (2) and defining an annular interspace (13) with it, said pipe (12) of ceramic material being externally coated with a coating (14) of ceramic fibres so as to substantially fill said annular interspace (13) and internally defining said reaction chamber (15).

НАСАДОЧНАЯ СТРУКТУРА ДЛЯ КОЛОННЫ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОНТАКТА ТЕКУЧИХ СРЕД И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Насадочная структура по изобретению предназначена для размещения в колонне для контакта текучих сред. Насадочная структура образует объем, содержащий упорядоченную компоновку наборов трубок с диаметром, составляющим от 5 до 50 мм. Стенки упомянутых трубок содержат отверстия, размещенные таким образом, чтобы облегчить циркуляцию и перемешивание текучих сред в упомянутой структуре. Отверстия вписываются в прямоугольники, стороны которых составляют от 2 до 45 мм, и каждое из упомянутых отверстий занимает площадь, превышающую 2 мм2. Изобретение позволяет увеличить поверхность обмена между текучими средами при ограничении потерь давления. 4 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 12 ил., 1 табл.

Prevention of corrosion in high pressure reactors - using inner metal shell in ceramic insulation with gas purge

Reactor has inner shell of refractory insulating ceramic and is capable of operation at over 400 degrees C. Located inside the inner insulation is a metal sheet, mounted parallel to the vessel walls. It is maintained at a uniform temp. above the dew pt. of the gas vapour mixture present in the reactor. It is made in several overlapping segments through which gas can flow. The reactor vessel has additional branches for blowing a barrier gas into the inner insulation. It is used to reduce heat losses from, and corrosion of reactor vessels operating at high pressures and temp. The system avoids the reaction gases diffusing through the vessel walls and if the gases are below the dew pt., condensation occurs. This would cause corrosion, esp. where H2O is involved.

Behälter zur Reinigung von Prozeßgas

Tower Reactors

... 1,171,546. Catalytic reactor. EASTMAN KODAK CO. 27 Feb., 1967 [25 Feb., 1966], No. 9317/67. Headings B1F and B1X. A downward flow catalytic reactor Fig. 1 contains adjacent plates 1, la &c., with annular depressed sectors 18, apertures 24 and mating male and female parts 19, 23 which ensure that apertures 24 are staggered to create a spiral path in the downward flow of fluids. The upper part of the reactor may have a packing of silicon carbide chips, and coolant may be introduced from 13. The reactor may comprise steel lined internally with silica or glass, and quench chamber 11 and nozzle 13 may be made of titanium, zirconium or titanium palladium alloy to prevent corrosion from hydrogen iodide hydrate catalyst.

NICKEL ALLOY

Autoklav

The invention relates to an autoclave with a receiving container (1) for specimens, which can be sealed in a pressure-tight manner and the wall (2) of which is at least partially, preferably entirely, formed from or consists of electrically conductive material that heats up when current passes through, wherein the electrically conducting material is a preferably sintered ceramic material, a glass or glass-like material made electrically conductive by doping or a fluoropolymer with fillers that impart electrical conductivity.

HOCHTEMPERATURUND HIGH PRESSURE REACTOR

Recovery process

THERMAL CONVERSION OF METHANE TO HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS

CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR PRODUCING AMIDES OF LOW ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

The invention relates to a continuous method for producing amides, according to which at least one carboxylic acid of formula (I) R3-COOH (I), wherein R3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl group comprising between 1 and 4 carbon atoms, is reacted with at least one amine of formula (Il) HNR1R2 (II), wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group comprising between 1 and 100 C atoms, to form an ammonium salt, and said ammonium salt is then reacted to form a carboxylic acid amide, under microwave irradiation in a reaction pipe, the longitudinal axis of the pipe being oriented in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a monomode microwave applicator.

NICKEL ALLOY AND CONSTRUCTIONAL MEMBERS MADE THEREFROM

The invention relates to a nickel alloy which contains 20.5 to 25% molybdenum, 5 to 11.5% chromium, more than 5 to 8% iron as the main alloying elements and which has adequate resistance to corrosion, more particularly in relation to acid, low-oxygen media such as occur, for example, in smoke gas desulphurization plants, and constructional members produced therefrom.

DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONVERSION OF THE METHANE WITH USE OF REACTOR WITH SUPERSONIC FLOW

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF METHANE BY MEANS OF SUPERSONIC FLOW REACTOR

PYROLYSIS REACTOR

MOLDED INSULATING ARTICLE

REACTIONAL ENCLOSURE INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING AN ENVELOPE CONTAINING AT LEAST UNMODULE CONNECTS BY FLEXIBLE MEANS TO THE ENVELOPE AND CONTAINER OF THE MOYENSD' HEAT TRANSFER

METHOD FOR CARING TREATMENT OF INTERNAL FOULING OF A FUEL INJECTOR IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

GAS INJECTOR ELEMENT FOR FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT AND GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PROVIDED WITH THE SAME INJECTION.

L'invention concerne un élément d'injection de gaz (10) pour un système de distribution de gaz à l'intérieur d'une enceinte d'une unité de craquage catalytique fluide. Cet élément d'injection comprend un passage (14) le traversant de part en part et - un élément interne (20) en matériau céramique dont une surface interne (22) définit entièrement le passage traversant (14), - un fourreau métallique creux (30), à l'intérieur duquel est logée au moins une partie de l'élément interne (20), le fourreau (30) et l'élément interne (20) présentant respectivement une surface interne (32) et une surface externe (24) de formes complémentaires autorisant un déplacement de l'élément interne (20) par rapport au fourreau (30) suivant une direction parallèle à un axe (X) du passage (14), ces surfaces interne (32) et externe (24) étant pourvues d'éléments de fixation (26, 36) coopérant pour fixer de manière réversible le fourreau et l'élément interne.

REMOVABLE CERAMIC ELEMENT DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING A LIQUID WITHIN AN INJECTOR, AND RESPECTIVE INJECTOR.

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'introduction (30) d'un liquide à l'intérieur d'un injecteur conformé pour atomiser ledit liquide en gouttelettes au moyen d'un gaz, ledit dispositif d'introduction comprenant un orifice (32) le traversant de part en part, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : - une partie interne (34) en matériau céramique dont une surface interne (34i) définit ledit orifice traversant (32) sur toute sa longueur, - une partie externe (36) en matériau métallique entourant au moins en partie la partie interne (34), - les parties externe et interne présentant respectivement une surface interne (36i) et une surface externe (34e) de formes complémentaires pourvues d'éléments de fixation (40, 42) coopérant pour fixer de manière amovible lesdites parties interne et externe. L'invention concerne également un injecteur de liquide équipé dudit dispositif d'introduction.

PLASMA PROCESSING CONTAINER INTERNAL MEMBER AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

A plasma processing container internal member excellent in chemical corrosion and plasma erosion resistance under an environment containing halogen gases, and an advantageous production method therefor, the member being formed by coating the front surface of a substrate by a multi-layer composite layer consisting of a metal coating formed as an under-coat, an AlO coating formed as an intermediate layer on the under-coat, and a YO spray deposit formed as a top-coat on the intermediate layer.2323 © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

apparatus for making gas [...]

Nickel alloy and constructional members made therefrom

The invention relates to a nickel alloy which contains 20.5 to 25% molybdenum, 5 to 11.5% chromium, more than 5 to 8% iron as the main alloying elements and which has adequate resistance to corrosion, more particularly in relation to acid, low-oxygen media such as occur, for example, in smoke has desulphurization plants, and constructional members produced therefrom.

PACKING STRUCTURE FOR A FLUID CONTACTING COLUMN AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF

The invention relates to a packing structure intended for a fluid contacting column. The packing structure forms a volumn including an ordered arrangement of bundles of tubes having a diameter of between 5 and 50 mm. The walls of the tubes contain holes arranged so as to promote the circulation and mixing of the fluids in the structure. Said holes are disposed in rectangles having sides measuring between 2 and 45 mm and each of said holes occupies an area greater than 2 mm2.

PYROLYTIC REACTOR

A pyrolytic reactor comprising a fuel injection zone, a combustion zone adjacent to the fuel injections zone, an expansion zone adjacent to the combustion zone, a feedstock injection zone comprising a plurality of injection nozzles and disposed adjacent to the expansion zone, a mixing zone configured to mix a carrier stream and feed material and disposed adjacent to the feedstock injection zone, and a reaction zone adjacent to the mixing zone. The plurality of injection nozzles are radially distributed in a first assembly defining a first plane transverse to the feedstock injection zone and in a second assembly transverse to the feedstock injection zone.

PROCESS FOR THE HYDROGENATION OF CHLOROSILANES AND CONVERTER FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS

In a process for the hydrogenation of chlorosilanes, a gas mixture of a chlorosilane gas to be hydrogenated and hydrogen gas is heated in a reactor to temperatures in the range between 500° C. and 1800° C. The chlorosilane gas is thereby at least partially hydrogenated. The reactor is heated by way of at least one flame from a fire box surrounding the reactor for the purpose of heating the gas mixture.

Pyrolytic reactor

A pyrolytic reactor comprising a fuel injection zone, a combustion zone adjacent to the fuel injections zone, an expansion zone adjacent to the combustion zone, a feedstock injection zone comprising a plurality of injection nozzles and disposed adjacent to the expansion zone, a mixing zone configured to mix a carrier stream and feed material and disposed adjacent to the feedstock injection zone, and a reaction zone adjacent to the mixing zone. The plurality of injection nozzles are radially distributed in a first assembly defining a first plane transverse to the feedstock injection zone and in a second assembly transverse to the feedstock injection zone.

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF NONRADIOACTIVE AND STABLE ISOTOPE OF CARBON HAVING MASS NUMBER OF 13

Disclosed is a method for producing a nonradioactive and stable isotope 13 C by using a widely-used hydrocarbon compound as a raw material without producing any radioactive waste. The method uses a carbon compound as a raw material, and comprises reacting the carbon compound in the presence of hydrogen, a sulfur compound and a reaction catalyst at 500 to 1000 °C, thereby producing 13 C .

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR NANOSCOPICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES

Nickel alloy

Structural nickel@ alloy with improved corrosion resistance A Ni alloy displaying improved corrosion resistance, esp. in acidic and low O2 media, comprises (wt.%): 20.5-25 Mo, 5-11.5 Cr, over 5 to 8 Fe, 0.1-0.6 Mn, 0.1-0.3 V, 0.1-0.5 Al, 0-0.3 Si, 0-0.5 Cu, 0-0.1 C, 0-1 Co, 0-0.04 Mg, 0-0.01 Ca, balance Ni and impurities.

四塩化ケイ素を反応させてトリクロロシランを得るための流通管反応器

Verbundverfahren zur Umstetzung von STC-haltigen und OCS-haltigen Nebenströmen zu wasserstoffhaltigen Chlorsilanen

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Produktgasmischung enthaltend wasserstoffhaltige Chlorsilane innerhalb eines Verbundverfahrens durch Hydrierung von im Verbundverfahren als Nebenprodukt anfallendem Siliciumtetrachlorid und Organochlorsilanen, insbesondere Methyltrichlorsilan, mit Wasserstoff in einem druckbetriebenen Hydrierreaktor, der ein oder mehrere Reaktionsräume, die jeweils aus einem Reaktorrohr aus gasdichtem keramischen Material bestehen, umfasst, wobei die Produktgasmischung aufgearbeitet und zumindest ein Teil mindestens eines Produktes der Produktgasmischung als Edukt der Hydrierung oder als Edukt eines anderen Verfahrens innerhalb des Verbundverfahrens verwendet wird. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verbundsystem welches zur Durchführung des Verbundverfahrens geeignet ist.

USE OF A MEANS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CORROSION AT CERAMIC SURFACES.

Improved refractory compositions suitable for use in fluid bed chlorinators

Pressure vessel with replaceable tubes

A vessel suitable for use as a tube heat exchanger or reformer, comprising a shell (2), a first tube sheet (4) and a second tube sheet (5) which are made of metal and preferably of steel, and a plurality of tubes (3) arranged inside the vessel to form a tube bundle between the first tube sheet and the second tube sheet; each of said tubes has a first end and a second end sharing a simply supported link (12, 13) with the first tube sheet or second tube sheet, respectively, in such a way that the tubes are easily extractable from the vessel; said tubes (3) are made preferably of a ceramic material and can be coated or impregnated with a catalyst.

Diffusion resistant refractory for containment of fluorine molten salt

REACTOR AND AGITATOR USEFUL IN A PROCESS FOR MAKING 1-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE

Disclosed is a reactor and agitator useful in a high pressure process for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) from the reaction of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) and HF, wherein the agitator includes one or more of the following design improvements: (a) double mechanical seals with an inert barrier fluid or a single seal; (b) ceramics on the rotating faces of the seal; (c) ceramics on the static faces of seal; (d) wetted o-rings constructed of spring-energized Teflon and PTFE wedge or dynamic o-ring designs; and (e) wetted metal surfaces of the agitator constructed of a corrosion resistant alloy.

PYROLYSIS REACTOR MATERIALS AND METHODS

In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 20600C and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10" 15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10" 15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention ...

GAS INJECTION ELEMENT IN A REGENERATOR OF A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT

NEW PROCESS, ENGINE Of OXIDATION Of an OXYDABLE LOAD IN GAS PHASE AND ITS USE.

Catalytic process of hydrocarbon transformation and products obtained

카보네이트의 제조 방법

... 일 구현예에서, 카보네이트의 제조 방법은 반응기의 튜브에서 일산화탄소 및 염소를 포함하는 공급물(feed)을 반응시켜 포스겐을 포함하는 생성 조성물을 제조하는 단계로서, 상기 튜브는 그 내부에 포함된 미립자 촉매(particulate catalyst)를 갖고, 상기 튜브와 별개의 열전도성 물질이 상기 미립자 촉매의 적어도 일부분과 접촉하고, 사염화탄소는 상기 포스겐의 부피를 기준으로 0 내지 10 부피ppm의 양으로 상기 생성 조성물 내에 존재하는 단계; 및 모노하이드록시 화합물을 상기 포스겐과 반응시켜 카보네이트를 제조하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다.

Flow tube reactor for conversion of silicon tetrachloride to trichlorosilane

The invention relates to a process for reacting silicon tetrachloride with hydrogen to give trichlorosilane in a hydrodechlorination reactor which is operated under pressure and comprises one or more reactor tubes consisting of ceramic material. The invention further relates to the use of such a hydrodechlorination reactor as an integral part of a plant for preparing trichlorosilane from metallurgical silicon.

Apparatus for contacting gases at high temperature

A reactor may be used for hydrogenating tetrachlorosilane. The reactor has at least one part fabricated from a silicon carbide-based material of construction. The reactor may include i) a pressurizable shell, ii) a thermal insulator surrounded by the pressurizable shell, iii) a heating element surrounded by the thermal insulator, and iv) a reaction chamber surrounded by the heating element.

Process involving oxidation reactor used oxidize a gaseous phase oxidizable feed

A new technique for oxidizing a gaseous phase oxidizable feed involves a process wherein a gas mixture containing at least one oxidizing gas is placed in contact with an oxidizable feed inside a mixing contact zone situated between at least one first zone passed through by the feed and at least one second zone passed through by the oxidation reaction products. The first and second zones define a multiplicity of multidirectional spaces exhibiting passages having, along at least one direction, a dimension at most equal to the jamming distance of the flame possibly resulting from oxidations of feed. The contact zone comprises an oxidizing gas mixture supply means comprising a plurality of parallel pipes with porous walls situated at a distance from the first and second zones which is at most equal to the jamming distance.

Apparatus for production of metal chloride

Porous plate 13 is disposed between wind box 11 of dispersion board B and cylindrical vessel wall 12 . Filling layer 14 of a structure packed with ceramic particles such as those of fused silica is disposed on the porous plate 13 so as to fill the inside of the cylindrical vessel wall. The filling layer 14 is composed of ceramic particles, so that the corrosion wear by chlorine gas can be inhibited and the durability thereof enhanced. Furthermore, a chlorine resistant member is disposed in a form so as to adhere to the internal surface of the cylindrical vessel wall 12 , so that the corrosion wear by chlorine gas of the cylindrical vessel wall 12 can also be effectively inhibited. As a result, damage to the internal wall of the chlorination furnace can be minimized, and the state of allowing chlorine gas to be uniformly dispersed and supplied to fluidized bed 4 containing titanium ore and coke can be maintained for prolonged periods.

A Fuel cell pre-reformer for higher Hydrocarbons

A pre-reformer (10) comprises a non-electrically conducting gas tight duct (12) and an electrically conducting wire (14) arranged in the duct (12). The electrically conducting wire (14) is electrically isolated from the duct (12). The duct (12) has an inlet (16) for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel at a first end (18) and an outlet (20) for supplying a pre-reformed hydrocarbon fuel at a second end (22). At least the inner surface (24) of the duct (12) is chemically inert with respect to the hydrocarbon fuel. An electrical power supply (26) is electrically connected to the electrically conducting wire (14) and a control means (28) controls the supply of electrical current through the electrically conducting wire (14) to maintain the electrically conducting wire (14) at a temperature to provide selective thermal decomposition of higher hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon fuel. The performer reduces coking in associated fuel cells and other parts of a fuel cell system.

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ГОРЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ГАЗОВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ

Изобретение относится к устройству горения для производства галогеноводородных соединений. Устройство горения для производства галогеноводорода включает две концентрично расположенные жаровые трубы, причем во внутренней жаровой трубе расположен завихритель, и зазор между внутренней и наружной жаровой трубой обеспечивает подачу газообразного водорода. Изобретение позволяет улучшить перемешивание газообразных галогена и водорода и уменьшить содержание свободного галогена в продукте. 14 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

НАСАДОЧНАЯ СТРУКТУРА ДЛЯ КОЛОННЫ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОНТАКТА ТЕКУЧИХ СРЕД И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Насадочная структура колонны для контакта текучих сред, образующая объем, содержащий упорядоченную компоновку наборов трубок с диаметром, составляющим от 5 до 50 мм, при этом стенки упомянутых трубок содержат отверстия, расположенные таким образом, чтобы облегчить циркуляцию и перемешивание текучих сред в упомянутой структуре, причем упомянутые отверстия вписываются в прямоугольники, стороны которых составляют от 2 до 45 мм, и каждое из упомянутых отверстий занимает площадь, превышающую 2 мм2. ! 2. Насадочная структура по п.1, в которой соотношение между площадью отверстий и площадью сплошной части трубки составляет от 10 до 90%. ! 3. Насадочная структура по п.1, в которой зазор между двумя отверстиями не превышает диаметр трубки в два раза. ! 4. Насадочная структура по п.1, в которой упомянутые трубки содержат тканье, по меньшей мере, двух лент, закручиваемых, по меньшей мере, по двум перекрещивающимся спиралям, вытянутым по одной оси и одному диаметру, при этом упомянутые ленты отстоят ...

СОСУД ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ СО СМЕННЫМИ ТРУБАМИ

... 1. Риформер с газовым подогревом для конверсии углеводорода, включающий корпус (2), первую трубную решетку (4), вторую трубную решетку (5) и группу труб (3), размещенных внутри сосуда с формированием пучка труб между первой трубной решеткой и второй трубной решеткой, отличающийся тем, что у каждой из упомянутых труб первый конец имеет свободно опертое соединение (12, 13) с первой трубной решеткой, и второй конец имеет свободно опертое соединение (12, 13) со второй трубной решеткой, при этом сосуд представляет собой риформер с газовым подогревом для конверсии углеводорода, а свободно опертое соединение между концами труб (3) и соответствующей трубной решеткой (4, 5) формируется гнездами (13) трубных решеток и концевыми частями (12) труб (3), сопряженных по форме с гнездами трубной решетки.2. Риформер по п. 1, в котором свободно опертые соединения между концами труб (3) и трубными решетками (4, 5) позволяют каждой трубе (3) практически свободно поворачиваться вокруг ее продольной оси (А-А ...

OXIDATION PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR A GASEOUS PHASE OXIDIZABLE CHARGE

Analysegerät zur Bestimmung einer von der Konzentration eines oder mehrerer Inhaltsstoffe einer Probe abhängigen Messgröße

Ein Analysegerät zur Bestimmung einer von der Konzentration eines oder mehrerer, insbesondere oxidierbarer, Inhaltsstoffe einer Probe abhängigen Messgröße, umfasst: einen Aufschlussreaktor mit einer Sauerstoffzuführung zur Einleitung von Sauerstoff in den Aufschlussreaktor und einem den Aufschlussreaktor mit einer Messeinrichtung verbindenden Gasauslass; eine Heizvorrichtung zur Heizung des Aufschlussreaktors auf eine vorgegebene Betriebstemperatur; eine Sauerstofferzeugungseinrichtung umfassend mindestens eine sauerstoffpermeable Membran, insbesondere aus einem keramischen Material; ein Gehäuse, in welchem ein den Aufschlussreaktor, die Heizvorrichtung und die Sauerstofferzeugungseinrichtung umgebendes Isolierrohr angeordnet ist; und ein Speisegasleitungssystem zur Zuleitung eines Speisegases zu der mindestens einen Membran der Sauerstofferzeugungseinrichtung, wobei das Speisegasleitungssystem einen die mindestens eine Membran umgebenden Reaktionsraum umfasst und mit mindestens einem zur ...

Autoklav

The invention relates to an autoclave with a receiving container (1) for specimens, which can be sealed in a pressure-tight manner and the wall (2) of which is at least partially, preferably entirely, formed from or consists of electrically conductive material that heats up when current passes through, wherein the electrically conducting material is a preferably sintered ceramic material, a glass or glass-like material made electrically conductive by doping or a fluoropolymer with fillers that impart electrical conductivity.

Diffusion resistant refractory for containment of fluorine-rich molten salt

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING 13C

Disclosed is a method for producing a nonradioactive and stable isotope 13C by using a widely-used hydrocarbon compound as a raw material without producing any radioactive waste. The method uses a carbon compound as a raw material, and comprises reacting the carbon compound in the presence of hydrogen, a sulfur compound and a reaction catalyst at 500 to 1000~C, thereby producing 13C.

IMPROVED REFRACTORY COMPOSITIONS SUITABLE FOR USE IN FLUID BED CHLORINATORS

This invention provides new refractory binder compositions comprising silica and titania which can be used to make ceramic bodies, particularly bricks. The refractory binder compositions comprise about 70 to about 92 wt.% silica (SiO2) and about 8 to about 30 % titania (TiO2). The refractory binder compositions may further comprise alumina and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and sodium oxide, and mixtures thereof. The refractory ceramic bodies can be used in hot corrosive/erosive environments such as in fluid bed chlorinators in the manufacture of titanium dioxide.

IN CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTION DEVICE HEATED BY MICROWAVE REACTOR COMPRISING SILICON CARBIDE

PROCESS OF CONVERSION THERMAL OF HYDROCARBON METHANE OF MORE RAISED MOLECULAR WEIGHTS

THERMAL METHOD FOR CONVERTING METHANE INTO HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS

PROCEDE, REACTEUR D'OXYDATION D'UNE CHARGE OXYDABLE EN PHASE GAZEUSE ET SON UTILISATION

ON DECRIT UN PROCEDE, UN REACTEUR D'OXYDATION D'UNE CHARGE OXYDABLE EN PHASE GAZEUSE ET SON UTILISATION. LE REACTEUR D'OXYDATION COMPORTE DES MOYENS D'ALIMENTATION EN GAZ OXYDANT 12 ET EN CHARGE OXYDABLE 6 ET DES MOYENS D'EVACUATION DES PRODUITS REACTIONNELS 9. IL COMPREND EN OUTRE LA COMBINAISON SUIVANTE: -AU MOINS UN DISTRIBUTEUR 2 EN GAZ OXYDANT RELIE D'UNE PART AUX MOYENS D'ALIMENTATION 12 EN GAZ OXYDANT ET D'AUTRE PART A UNE PLURALITE DE CONDUITS 3, 4 PARALLELES POREUX EN MATIERE CERAMIQUE; AU MOINS UN PREMIER MONOLITHE 7 COMPORTANT UNE PLURALITE DE CANAUX 13 PARALLELES JUXTAPOSES EN MATIERE CERAMIQUE, CHACUN DES CANAUX AYANT UNE SECTION COMPRISE ENTRE 0,0025 ET 100MM, RELIE AUXDITS MOYENS D'ALIMENTATION 12 EN CHARGE OXYDABLE; -AU MOINS D'UN SECOND MONOLITHE 8 COMPORTANT UNE PLURALITE DE CANAUX 13 PARALLELES JUXTAPOSES EN MATIERE CERAMIQUE ET ADAPTE NOTAMMENT A CANALISER LES PRODUITS REACTIONNELS VERS LESDITS MOYENS D'EVACUATION 9, CHACUN DES CANAUX 13 AYANT UNE SECTION COMPRISE ENTRE ...

Reaction chamber that comprises a jacket that contains at least one module that is connected by flexible means to the jacket and that contains heat exchange means

Device that comprises a reaction chamber that comprises at least one feed means (5) and at least one evacuation means (10), comprising an outside jacket (2a) that is resistant to internal pressure and that contains at least one module (44) through which a reagent and formed products circulate. Module (44) that comprises walls (11) and (12) that are made of refractory material included in a sealed jacket (40) that is connected by flexible means to jacket (2a) and heat exchange means that are also linked to the module and the jacket by flexible means.

System, method, and apparatus for dual gas delivery through a high temperature artifact without undesirable gas mixing

A system conveys two gases separately until controlled delivery and gas mixing are desired. The device maintains separation between the two gases with sealed, high temperature materials, and a geometry that contains gas flow channels that do not allow gas mixing. The present design provides a seal at the interfaces between components. An outer ring and an inner spool are assembled together to form a single component that accommodates the input of two, initially separate gases, and then contains and conveys the two gases separately to an exit surface where outlet holes allow the two gases to mix and react in a controlled manner upon exiting the component. The inlet holes for both gases are located on one side of the spool. The exit holes are formed in a centralized, alternating, completely interspersed array or grid-like pattern on the opposite surface of the spool.

Rotary reactor using solar energy

According to the present invention, a reactor for direct utilization of external radiation heat for thermal or thermo-chemical material processes is disclosed, comprising: a) a containment can having a longitudinal axis, b) an external driving mechanism for controllable rotating the containment can, c) a cavity having a substantially cylindrical shape, said cavity being at least partially lined with an insulation layer and being disposed in said containment can, d) said cavity having at least one gas inlet and at least one gas outlet and an aperture for allowing to insert the external radiation heat into the cavity, e) a feeder mechanism being moveable along the longitudinal axis into and out of the cavity for supplying the material subject to the thermal or thermo-chemical material process; f) said at least one gas outlet is formed as a ring channel tube having an inner and an outer surface; whereby the feeder mechanism is at least partially hosted within a tube cavity defined by said ...

АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

FIELD: process engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to produce gas mixes containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and, if required, nitrogen. Proposed apparatus has cylindrical case closed on opposite sides by bottoms. It comprises also one oxygen-containing gas flow feed hole at least one hydrocarbon-containing gas flow feed hole, and at least one synthesis gas flow discharge hole. At least, one burner communicates with reaction chamber for partial hydrocarbon oxidation and/or reforming to produce synthesis gas flow. Apparatus casing houses ceramic material tube. ^ EFFECT: ease of manufacture, higher efficiency. ^ 15 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 407 585 (13) C2 (51) МПК B01J 8/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2008132805/21, 22.12.2006 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 22.12.2006 (72) Автор(ы): ЦАНИКЕЛЛИ Лука (IT), ФЕРРИНИ Кристина (CH) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.02.2010 2 4 0 7 5 8 5 (45) Опубликовано: 27.12.2010 Бюл. № 36 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5856585 A, 05.01.1999. RU 2065866 C1, 27.08.1996. RU 2114718 C1, 10.07.1998. DE 4140063 A1, 09.06.1993. EP 1419812 A1, 19.05.2004. RU 2180317 C1, 10.03.2002. EP 0124226 A2, 07.11.1984. 2 4 0 7 5 8 5 R U (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2006/012429 (22.12.2006) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата перевода заявки PCT на национальную фазу: 11.08.2008 (87) Публикация PCT: WO 2007/079954 (19.07.2007) Адрес для переписки: 101000, Москва, М.Златоустинский пер., 10, кв.15, "ЕВРОМАРКПАТ", пат.пов. И.А.Веселицкой, рег. № 11 (54) АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА (57) Реферат: Изобретение может быть использовано для получения газовых смесей, содержащих водород, моноксид углерода и, при необходимости, азот. Аппарат имеет цилиндрическую оболочку, закрытую с противоположных сторон днищами. А также по меньшей мере одно впускное отверстие для подачи газового потока, содержащего ...

ЭЛЕМЕНТ НАГНЕТАНИЯ ГАЗА ДЛЯ УСТАНОВКИ КРЕКИНГА С ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ И ГАЗОРАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА, ОБОРУДОВАННАЯ ЭТИМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОМ НАГНЕТАНИЯ

Verfahren zur Herstellung ungesaettigter organischer Verbindungen

Verfahren zur Behandlung organischer Stoffe bei hohen Temperaturen in Apparaturen aus feuerfestem keramischem Material

LARGE-SCALE COMPOSITE SYNTHESIS SYSTEM, REACTOR AND COMPOSITE SYNTHESIS METHOD USING THE SAME

Disclosed are a large-scale composite synthesis system, a reactor therefor, and a synthesis method using the same, wherein two or more different samples are vaporized in respective vaporizers, and are then fed into a reactor that has a relatively large transverse cross-sectional diameter compared to the connector for transporting the samples in a gas phase and is maintained at a temperature lower than that of the connector, thus producing a powder composite, the composite being synthesized while being electrostatically attached to an adherend surface. 1. A large-scale composite synthesis system , comprising:a first vaporizer for vaporizing a first sample for synthesis reaction;a second vaporizer for vaporizing a second sample for synthesis reaction with the first sample;a first heater for heating the first vaporizer;a second heater for heating the second vaporizer;a connector for connecting the first vaporizer and the second vaporizer to a reactor; anda reactor that receives the first sample and the second sample respectively vaporized in the first vaporizer and the second vaporizer so as to synthesize a composite,wherein the reactor has a relatively large transverse cross-sectional diameter compared to the connector, and is maintained at a temperature lower than a temperature of the connector, andthe first sample and the second sample in a gas phase are instantly dispersed due to a pressure difference and a temperature difference when being fed into the reactor from the connector, thereby producing a powder composite, and the powder composite is synthesized while being electrostatically attached to an adherend surface.2. The large-scale composite synthesis system of claim 1 , wherein a plate made of a vitreous material or a metal plate is further provided at a lower portion of the reactor claim 1 , andthe powder composite is electrostatically attached to the plate made of a vitreous material or the metal plate.3. The large-scale composite synthesis system of claim ...

FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND A PROCESS USING SAME TO PRODUCE HIGH PURITY GRANULAR POLYSILICON

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reaction tube, a distributor and a heating device, the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space, the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet, and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet at the top or upper part respectively, characterized in that the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube, and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the reaction outer tube, wherein the hollow cavity is filled with hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas for protection, and is able to maintain a pressure of about 0.01 to about 5 MPa; and also to a process of producing high purity granular polysilicon using the reactor. The fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention uses induction heating to heat directly the silicon particles inside the reaction chamber, such that the temperature of the reaction tube is lower than that inside the reaction chamber, which accordingly avoids deposition on the tube wall and results in more uniform heating, and thus is useful for large diameter fluidized bed reactors with much increased output for a single reactor. 1. A fluidized bed reactor , comprising a reaction tube , a distributor and a heating device , the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space , the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet , and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet respectively at the top or upper part , wherein the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube , and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the ...

METHOD TO RECYCLE PLASTICS, ELECTRONICS, MUNITIONS OR PROPELLANTS USING A METAL REACTANT ALLOY COMPOSITION

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. In particular, the method comprises reacting a feed stock with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process. 1. A method of recycling plastics , electronics , munitions or propellants , the method comprising:injecting a feed stock into a molten metal compound; andreacting the feed stock with a molten metal compound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten aluminum compound is aluminum.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal compound is an aluminum alloy.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the molten aluminum compound is an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of silicon claim 3 , magnesium claim 3 , zinc claim 3 , copper claim 3 , iron claim 3 , and calcium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal compound is silicon.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal compound is a silicon alloy.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein injecting a feed stock into a molten metal compound comprises injecting claim 1 , using a vortex claim 1 , a feed stock into a molten metal compound.8. An apparatus for recycling plastics claim 1 , electronics claim 1 , munitions or propellants claim 1 , the apparatus comprising:a reaction vessel designed to hold a molten metal compound;a ceramic bowl to force a feed stock stream below the surface of the molten metal compound; andat least one separator for removing particulate matter from the products.9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the reaction vessel further comprises:a reaction vessel wall;a refractory material; anda cooling plate,wherein the cooling plate forms a channel for a cooling fluid between the cooling plate and the ...

FLUID-TREATMENT COLUMN WITH PARTITION

A column for performing thermal separation processes and/or chemical reactions has a vertical outer wall that forms a chamber and a vertical partition subdividing the chamber into two compartments. The partition being formed by flat plates each being made of or covered by heat-insulating material. 1. A column for performing thermal separation processes and/or chemical reactions , the column comprising:a vertical outer wall that forms a chamber; anda vertical partition subdividing the chamber into two compartments, the partition being formed by flat plates each being made of or covered by heat-insulating material.2. The column defined in claim 1 , wherein the plates have opposite side faces at least one of which is clad with the heat-insulating material.3. The column defined in claim 1 , wherein the plates are at least partly made of plastic or ceramic.4. The column defined in claim 1 , wherein the plates are made of plasmic with carbon fibers for reinforcement.5. The column defined in claim 1 , wherein the plates are at least partly made of polytetrafluoroethylene.6. The column defined in claim 1 , further comprising:screw connectors interconnecting the plates.7. The column defined in claim 1 , further comprising:plug connectors interconnecting the plates.8. The column defined in claim 1 , wherein the plates are clad with metallic elements.9. The column defined in claim 1 , further comprising:at least one mass-transfer pack in one of the compartments. The present invention relates to a fluid-treatment column. More particularly this invention concerns a partition for such a column.A column for carrying out thermal separation processes and/or chemical reactions typically has a vertical and typically cylindrical outer wall that forms a chamber that is subdivided diametrally by at least one vertical and planar partition into at least two compartments of semicylindrical shape, the partition being formed by flat plates.Columns with a vertical partition are known inter ...

Gas Injection Element for a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit and Gas Distribution System Equipped with this Injection Element

A gas injection element () for a system for distributing a gas inside a chamber of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. This injection member comprises a passage () extending entirely therethrough, and —an inner ceramic member () having an inner surface () that entirely delimits the through-passage (); and —a hollow metal sleeve (), inside which at least a portion of the inner member () is received, the sleeve () and the inner member () respectively having an inner surface () and an outer surface () with matching shapes allowing the inner member () to move relative to the sleeve () in a direction parallel to an axis (X) of the passage (), the outer () and inner surfaces () being provided with fastening elements () that engage to reversibly fasten the sleeve and the inner member. 110.-. (canceled)12. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 11 , characterized in that the external surface of the internal element and the internal surface of the sleeve are surfaces of revolution claim 11 , notably cylinders of revolution claim 11 , having an axis of revolution coincident with or parallel to the axis (X) of the through-passage.13. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 12 , characterized in that the fixing elements comprise lugs or notches collaborating respectively with grooves or ribs of a suitable shape to allow the sleeve and the internal element to move between a fixed state and a freed state following movements in translation in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution and in rotation about the axis of revolution.14. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 11 , characterized in that the sleeve is of cylindrical shape.15. The gas injection element as claimed in claim 11 , characterized in that the internal element has claim 11 , at one of its ends claim 11 , a flange bearing claim 11 , in the fixed state claim 11 , against one end of the sleeve in the direction of the axis of the through-passage.16. The gas injection element as claimed in claim ...

CONVERSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES TO SYNTHESIS GAS BY DRY REFORMING

A method for conversion of greenhouse gases comprises: introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel; introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the reaction vessel; and irradiating catalytic material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy. The irradiated catalytic material is heated and catalyzes an endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and methane that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy. If desired, a mixture that includes carbon monoxide and hydrogen can flow out of the reaction vessel and be introduced into a second reaction vessel to undergo catalyzed reactions producing multiple-carbon reaction products. 1. A method for generating a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen , the method comprising:(a) introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel;(b) introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the reaction vessel;(c) irradiating catalytic material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy so as to heat the catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the carbon dioxide and the methane, catalyzed by the catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein at least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy irradiating the catalytic material in the reaction vessel; and(d) allowing a mixture that includes the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen to flow out of the reaction vessel.2. The method of further comprising separating at least a portion of the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen from the mixture that leaves the reaction vessel.3. The method of further comprising dehumidifying the gaseous source of carbon dioxide or the gaseous source of methane before introduction into the reaction ...

IMPROVED HEAT EXCHANGE FLOW REACTOR

A flow reactor includes a flow reactor module having a heat exchange fluid enclosure with an inner surface sealed against a surface of a process fluid module, the inner surface having two or more raised ridges crosswise to a heat exchange flow direction from an inflow port or location to an outflow port or location and having a gap of greater than 0.1 mm between the two or more raised ridges and the surface of the process module. 1. A flow reactor , comprising{'b': '100', 'a flow reactor module ();'}{'b': '100', 'claim-text': [{'b': 10', '10', '22', '10', '12', '14', '10', '10, 'a process fluid module () with a process fluid passage (P) extending therethrough, the process fluid module () comprising an extended body () having a width (W), a length (L), and a thickness (T), the thickness (T) being less than the length (L) and less than the width (W), the process fluid module () having first and second major surfaces (, ) on opposite sides of the process fluid module (), oriented perpendicularly to a direction of the thickness (T) of the process fluid module ();'}, {'b': 16', '12', '16', '17', '12, 'a first heat exchange fluid enclosure () sealed against the first major surface () of the process fluid module, the first heat exchange fluid enclosure () comprising an interior surface () for containing heat exchange fluid against the first major surface () to form a heat exchange fluid path (HP) for the heat exchange fluid, and an inflow port or location (I) for delivering heat exchange fluid to the heat exchange fluid path (HP) and an outflow port or location (O) for receiving heat exchange fluid from the heat exchange fluid path (HP), the outflow port or location (O) spaced from the inflow port or location (I) in a first direction; and'}, {'b': 18', '14', '10', '18', '19', '14, 'a second heat exchange fluid enclosure () sealed against the second major surface () of the process fluid module (), the second heat exchange fluid enclosure () comprising an interior surface () ...

Nozzle for wet gas scrubber

A nozzle and methods of gas stripping utilizing the nozzle are provided. A nozzle is provided comprising a ceramic nozzle assembly comprising an inlet at one end of a cylindrical portion, an outlet at one end of a conical portion; the cylindrical portion transitioning to the conical portion at an end of the cylindrical portion distal from the inlet; the conical portion transitioning to the cylindrical portion at an end of the conical portion distal from the outlet; and a ceramic vane assembly within the cylindrical portion; the vane assembly comprising a central vane support located substantially concentrically within the cylindrical portion, and a plurality of angled vanes extending from the central vane support to an inner wall of the cylindrical portion; wherein the ceramic nozzle assembly and the ceramic vane assembly are manufactured such that the two assemblies comprise a single piece of ceramic.

Radiant heat tube chemical reactor

A radiant heat-driven chemical reactor comprising a generally cylindrical pressure refractory lined vessel, a plurality of radiant heating tubes, and a metal tube sheet to form a seal for the pressure refractory lined vessel near a top end of the pressure refractory lined vessel. The metal tube sheet has a plurality of injection ports extending vertically through the metal tube sheet and into the refractory lined vessel such that biomass is injected at an upper end of the vessel between the radiant heating tubes, and the radiant heat is supplied to an interior of the plurality of radiant heating tubes. The radiant heat-driven chemical reactor is configured to 1) gasify particles of biomass in a presence of steam (H2O) to produce a low CO2 synthesis gas that includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas, or 2) reform natural gas in a non-catalytic reformation reaction, using thermal energy from the radiant heat.

Analytical device for constituents of a sample

An analytical device for determining a measured variable dependent on the concentration of one or more constituents of a sample includes a decomposition reactor surrounded by an insulating tube, a heating apparatus, an oxygen production system including at least one oxygen permeable membrane, a housing, and a feed gas guiding system for supplying a feed gas to the at least one membrane of the oxygen production system. The feed gas guiding system includes a reaction space surrounding the at least one membrane and is connected with an inflow duct open to the environment such that at least two partitions are arranged coaxially within the insulating tube and surrounding the decomposition reactor, where the partitions subdivide an intermediate space arranged between the decomposition reactor and the insulating tube into annular chambers forming the feed gas guiding system, where the annular chambers are connected with one another by overflow openings.

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods before gasification

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass is discussed. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

Ceramic Orifice Chamber for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

The invention relates to an orifice chamber () designed to expand a gas, in particular intended for a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said orifice chamber comprising the following elements: 113.-. (canceled)14. An orifice chamber designed to expand a gas , in particular intended for a fluid catalytic cracking unit , said orifice chamber comprising the following elements:a chamber having an axis (X),an inlet duct that opens into the chamber,an outlet duct located on the opposite side from the inlet duct following said axis (X), and{'sub': 4', '3', '4', '2', '3, 'a plurality of internal plates positioned crosswise to the axis (X) inside the chamber at a distance from one another along the axis (X), each internal plate being provided with a plurality of through-orifices, characterized in that at least the plurality of internal plates is made of a ceramic material and the ceramic material comprises a ceramic matrix selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide SiC, boron carbide BC, silicon nitride SiN, aluminium nitride AlN, boron nitride BN, alumina AlO, and mixtures thereof, in which carbon fibres or ceramic fibres are incorporated in the ceramic matrix.'}15. The orifice chamber according to claim 14 , characterized in that the chamber and/or each duct is made of metal or made of ceramic material.16. The orifice chamber according to claim 14 , characterized in that the ceramic fibres comprise crystalline alumina fibres claim 14 , mullite fibres claim 14 , crystalline or amorphous silicon carbide fibres claim 14 , zirconia fibres claim 14 , silica-alumina fibres claim 14 , or mixtures thereof.17. The orifice chamber according to claim 14 , characterized in that the ceramic material is a sintered ceramic material.18. The orifice chamber according to claim 14 , characterized in that the ceramic material is a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC).19. The orifice chamber according to claim 14 , characterized in that each internal plate is formed from one part made of ...

CONTINUOUS TUBULAR REACTOR AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

A continuous tubular reactor includes a rotary reaction tube having a reactant inlet and a product outlet, and including a ceramic; a heating device disposed outside the rotary reaction tube; and an angle adjuster adjusting an angle of a rotation axis of the rotary reaction tube. The angle of the rotation axis is 75° or less with respect to a horizontal surface. 1. A continuous tubular reactor , comprising:a rotary reaction tube having a reactant inlet and a product outlet, and including a ceramic;a heating device disposed outside the rotary reaction tube; andan angle adjuster adjusting an angle of a rotation axis of the rotary reaction tube.2. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 1 , wherein the angle of the rotation axis is 75° or less with respect to a horizontal surface.3. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 1 , wherein the rotary reaction tube comprises one or more selected from a group consisting of an oxide-based ceramic claim 1 , a nitride-based ceramic claim 1 , a carbide-based ceramic claim 1 , a fluoride-based ceramic and a boride-based ceramic.4. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 1 , wherein a blade is disposed on an inner wall of the rotary reaction tube.5. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 4 , wherein a ratio (h/r) of a height h of the blade to a radius r of an inner diameter of the rotary reaction tube is in a range of 0.01 or more and 0.5 or less.6. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 4 , wherein the blade is disposed in a direction parallel to a rotation axis of the rotary reaction tube.7. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 4 , wherein the blade is disposed in a direction perpendicular to a rotation axis of the rotary reaction tube.8. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 4 , wherein the blade is disposed in a spiral direction with respect to a rotation axis of the rotary reaction tube.9. The continuous tubular reactor of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of blades are disposed on an inner wall of the rotary reaction tube. ...

PRODUCT HAVING A HIGH ALUMINA CONTENT

A sintered refractory product having the form of a block and consisting—of a granulate formed by all the grains having a size larger than 100 μm, referred to as “coarse grains”, and—a matrix binding said coarse grains and consisting of the grains having a size smaller than or equal to 100 μm, the granulate representing between 45% and 90% by mass of the product, said product having a composition such that, in a mass percentage based on the oxides: —Al2O3>80%, —SiO2<15%, —Na2O<0.15% —Fe2O3<0.05%, —CaO<0.1%,—the other oxides forming the remainder up to 100%, the Na2O content in the matrix being greater than 0.010%, in a mass percentage based on the mass of the product. 1. A sintered refractory product having the shape of a block and consisting of:an aggregate formed by all the grains having a size of greater than 100 μm, referred to as “coarse grains”, anda matrix bonding said coarse grains and consisting of grains having a size of less than or equal to 100 μm,the aggregate representing between 45% and 90% by weight of the product,said product having a composition such that, as a weight percentage on the basis of the oxides:{'sub': 2', '3, 'AlO>80%,'}{'sub': '2', 'SiO<15%,'}{'sub': '2', 'NaO<0.15%'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'FeO<0.05%,'}CaO<0.1%,the other oxides constituting the balance to 100%,{'sub': '2', 'the content of NaO in the matrix being greater than 0.010%, as a weight percentage on the basis of the weight of the product.'}2. The product as claimed claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': 2', '2, 'NaO+KO<0.20%.'}3. The product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': 2', '3, 'AlO>85% and/or'}{'sub': '2', '3%90% and/or'}{'sub': '2', 'SiO>7% and/or'}{'sub': '2', 'NaO<0.12% and/or'}{'sub': '2', 'ZrO<1% and/or'}{'sub': '2', 'TiO<1%.'}5. The product as claimed in claim ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE INTO GRAPHENE

Methods for converting carbon dioxide (CO) into graphene are described. The methods include contacting a metal with gaseous carbon dioxide, and irradiating a surface of the metal with at least one laser beam to convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into graphene on the surface of the metal. Systems for converting carbon dioxide into graphene are also described. 1. A method for converting carbon dioxide into graphene , the method comprising:contacting a metal with gaseous carbon dioxide; andirradiating a surface of the metal with at least one laser beam to locally heat the surface of the metal to about 400° C. to about 900° C. and convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into graphene on the surface of the metal.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:providing solid carbon dioxide and the metal in a reaction vessel; andsubliming the solid carbon dioxide to form the gaseous carbon dioxide before the contacting step.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein subliming the solid carbon dioxide occurs for at least about 5 minutes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal is in powder form.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises one or more pieces of the metal.7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 6 , wherein irradiating the surface of the metal comprises irradiating a surface of at least one of the one or more pieces of the metal claim 6 , and moving the laser beam to irradiate a surface of at least another one of the one or more pieces of the metal.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam is produced by a carbon dioxide laser device or an optical fiber laser device.10. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam is reflected off a reflector onto the surface of the metal.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the laser beam that is reflected off the ...

Termination Device of a Reactor of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

The invention relates to a termination device () of a tubular reactor () comprising at least one separation element () adapted for the separation of solid particles and gaseous effluents and at least one coupling element () that is part of an end of said tubular reactor, said separation element being connected to said coupling element, characterized in that each element of the termination device is made of ceramic material. 114.-. (canceled)15. A termination device of a tubular reactor comprising:{'sub': 4', '3', '4', '2', '3, 'at least one separation element adapted for the separation of solid particles and gaseous effluents and at least one coupling element that is part of an end of the tubular reactor, the separation element being connected to the coupling element, characterized in that each element of the termination device is made of ceramic material and the ceramic material comprises a ceramic matrix selected from silicon carbide SiC, boron carbide BC, silicon nitride SiN, aluminium nitride AlN, boron nitride BN, alumina AlO, or mixtures thereof, incorporated in which ceramic matrix are carbon fibres or ceramic fibres.'}16. The termination device according to claim 15 , characterized in that the ceramic fibres are selected from the group consisting of crystalline alumina fibres claim 15 , mullite fibres claim 15 , crystalline or amorphous silicon carbide fibres claim 15 , zirconia fibres claim 15 , silica-alumina fibres claim 15 , and mixtures thereof17. The termination device according to claim 15 , characterized in that the ceramic material is a sintered ceramic material.18. The termination device according to claim 15 , characterized in that the ceramic material is a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC).19. The termination device according to claim 15 , characterized in that the elements form one and the same part made of ceramic material.20. The termination device according to claim 15 , characterized in that the elements are separate elements made of ceramic ...

Element For Ejecting Gas Into A Regenerator of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

An injection element () for a gas injection system () inside a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said injection element defining a flow passage () and being arranged so as to be able to be fastened to a support () so that said flow passage opens on one side into a cavity and on the other side into a fluidized catalyst bed, 111.-. (canceled)12. An injection element for a gas injection system inside a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit , the gas injection system comprising a support defining at least one orifice , this support comprising a wall defining at least one portion of a cavity and having a first face intended to be in contact with the gas contained in this cavity , and the support comprising a second face , opposite the first face , intended to be in contact with a fluidized catalyst bed ,wherein the injection element comprises a flow passage and is arranged so as to be able to be firmly attached to the support, at the orifice, so that gas from the cavity can circulate via the flow passage to the fluidized catalyst bed, characterized in that the injection element is made of a ceramic material comprising a ceramic matrix and carbon and/or ceramic fibres incorporated into this ceramic matrix.13. The injection element according to claim 12 , in which the ceramic material comprises silicon carbide SiC claim 12 , preferably in a majority amount.14. The injection element according to claim 12 , in which the ceramic material is a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC).15. A gas injection system for injecting gas into a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit claim 12 , the gas injection system comprising:at least one injection element, anda support defining at least one orifice, this support comprising a wall defining at least one portion of a cavity and having a first face intended to be in contact with the gas contained in this cavity, and the support comprising a second face, opposite the first face, intended to be in contact with a ...

PROCESS FOR MAKING A LITHIATED TRANSITION METAL OXIDE

Process for manufacturing a lithiated transition metal oxide, said process comprising the steps of (a) mixing at least one lithium salt and a precursor selected from transition metal oxides, transition metal oxyhydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, and transition metal carbonates, (b) pre-calcining the mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 300 to 700° C., and (c) calcining the pre-calcined mixture according to step (b) in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range of from 550° C. to 950° C., wherein the temperatures in step (b) and (c) are selected in a way that step (c) is being performed at a temperature higher than that of step (b). 1. A process for manufacturing a lithiated transition metal oxide , the process comprising:(a) mixing at least one lithium salt and a precursor selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal oxyhydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, and transition metal carbonates;(b) pre-calcining the mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 300 to 700° C.; and(c) calcining the pre-calcined mixture according to step (b) in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor at a temperature in the range of from 550° C. to 950° C.,wherein the temperatures in step (b) and (c) are selected such that step (c) is performed at a temperature higher than that of step (b).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) is performed in a rotary kiln claim 1 , rotary hearth kiln claim 1 , pendulum kiln claim 1 , roller hearth kiln claim 1 , tunnel kiln claim 1 , packed bed reactor claim 1 , fluidized bed reactor claim 1 , or in a separate stage of a fluidized bed.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) is performed in a separate stage of a fluidized bed wherein said separate stage has the same as or a larger hold-up than the other stages.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor has an average particle diameter (D50) in the ...

METHANE CONVERSION APPARATUS AND PROCESS USING A SUPERSONIC FLOW REACTOR

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. 1. An apparatus for producing acetylene from a feed stream comprising methane comprising:a supersonic reactor for receiving the methane feed stream and heating the methane feed stream to a pyrolysis temperature;a reactor shell of the supersonic reactor for defining a reactor chamber;a combustion zone of the supersonic reactor for combusting a fuel source to provide a high temperature carrier gas passing through the reactor space at supersonic speeds to heat and accelerate the methane feed stream to a pyrolysis temperature;an outer layer of the reactor shell for providing structural support thereto;an inner layer of the reactor shell having a thermal conductivity of between about 200 and about 500 W/m-K for conducting heat from the reactor chamber the inner layer comprising at least copper chrome, copper chrome zinc, copper chrome niobium, copper nickel and copper nickel tungsten and mixtures thereof; andone or more sensors positioned within the channel and electronically connected to one or more of a display, a monitoring system and a control system.2. The apparatus of wherein the one or more sensors include pressure sensors claim 1 , temperature sensors claim 1 , chemical sensors claim 1 , hydrogen sensors claim 1 , hydrocarbon sensors claim 1 , or methane sensors.3. The apparatus of wherein the channel houses one or more support structures to support the inner shell relative to the outer shell.4. The apparatus of wherein the channels are defined by a surface of the reactor shell.5. The apparatus of wherein the channels are within a wall of the reactor shell.6. The apparatus of wherein the channels axially along the reactor shell claim 1 , ...

Recombinator

A recombinator for the catalytic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen generated in energy converters, in particular accumulators, to form water, comprising a housing in which a volume space is formed, into which the gases can flow via an opening and in which a recombination device is arranged that comprises a portion for a catalyst material and a portion for an absorption material, wherein the flow path of the gases to be recombined extends through the portion comprising the absorption material into the portion comprising the catalyst material, wherein a distance space is formed between the portion comprising the absorption material and the portion comprising the catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material is configured as a catalyst bar, the catalyst bar is arranged in a first gas-permeable tube and the distance space is formed in a gap space between the inner walling of the first gas-permeable tube and the outer wall of the catalyst bar. 1. A recombinator for the catalytic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen generated in energy converters , in particular accumulators , to form water , comprising a housing in which a volume space is formed , into which the gases can flow via an opening and in which a recombination device is arranged that comprises a portion for a catalyst material and a portion for an absorption material , wherein the flow path of the gases to be recombined extends through the portion comprising the absorption material into the portion comprising the catalyst material , wherein a distance space is formed between the portion comprising the absorption material and the portion comprising the catalyst material , wherein the catalyst material is configured as a catalyst bar , that the catalyst bar is arranged in a first gas-permeable tube and that the distance space is formed in a gap space between the inner walling of the first gas-permeable tube and the outer wall of the catalyst bar.2. A recombinator according to claim 1 , wherein the module ...

NEW TYPE OF BURNING DEVICE FOR PRODUCING GAS MIXTURES

A new type of burning device for producing hydrohalogen compounds. 115-. (canceled)16. A burning device for producing hydrogen halide , comprising at least two concentrically arranged combustion tubes , wherein a swirl generator is arranged in an inner combustion tube.17. The burning device according to claim 16 , wherein the outer combustion tube claim 16 , the inner combustion tube and the swirl generator comprise corrosion-resistant material claim 16 , preferably selected from the group consisting of graphite claim 16 , synthetic graphite claim 16 , graphite impregnated with synthetic resin claim 16 , preferably graphite impregnated with phenolic resin claim 16 , silicon carbide claim 16 , graphite coated with silicon carbide claim 16 , silica glass claim 16 , aluminum oxide or any mixtures thereof.18. The burning device according to claim 16 , wherein the swirl generator is from 0.5 to 2 times the length.19. The burning device according to claim 16 , wherein the swirl generator has an outer diameter from 30 mm to 300 mm.20. The burning device according to claim 16 , wherein the ratio of a core diameter to an outer diameter of the swirl generator is from 1:2.5 to 1:1.5.21. The burning device according to claim 16 , wherein the swirl generator has at least two guide vanes.22. The burning device according to claim 21 , wherein a free cross-sectional area claim 21 , based on a total cross-sectional area of the swirl generator that is subject to flow claim 21 , is from 15 to 75%.23. The burning device according to claim 21 , wherein the guide vanes extend in a spiral shape along a longitudinal axis of the swirl generator.24. The burning device according to claim 21 , wherein the guide vanes have an average angle of incidence of from 35° to 85°.25. The burning device according to claim 16 , wherein a supplied gas is discharged axially out of the outer combustion tube.26. The burning device according to claim 16 , wherein the inner combustion tube and the outer ...

TARGET TILES FOR AN AUTOTHERMAL REFORMATION/SECONDARY REFORMATION UNIT

A corrosion resistant refractory ceramic hexagonal target tile body for use covering a catalyst, including a generally flat hexagonal portion and a plurality of generally right circular cylindrical aperture portions extending therethrough, wherein the hexagonal tile body has a thickness of about 89 mm and a width of about 42 cm and is 13 percent yttria fully stabilized YSZ. Each respective aperture has a diameter of about 19 mm. 1. A generally hexagonal ceramic tile body , comprising:a flat hexagonal top surface;an oppositely disposed flat hexagonal bottom surface oriented parallel with the flat hexagonal top surface; anda refractory inner volume disposed between the top and bottom surfaces;wherein the refractory inner volume is between about 80 mm and 95 mm thick;wherein the flat hexagonal top surface is about 42 cm across; andwherein the refractory inner volume is fully stabilized yttria stabilized zirconia;and wherein the refractory inner volume contains between 8 percent and 16 percent yttria.2. The sintered body of wherein the body has a porosity of less than 1 percent.3. The sintered body of wherein the body has a porosity of less than 10 percent.4. The sintered body of wherein the body has a porosity of less than 20 percent.5. The sintered body of wherein the refractory inner volume is 13% yttria.6. The sintered body of and further comprising a plurality of apertures extending therethrough.7. The sintered body of wherein each respective aperture is a right circular cylinder with a diameter of about 19 mm.8. The sintered body of and further comprising a lip extending from the tile body for engaging adjacent tile bodies.9. A corrosion resistant refractory ceramic hexagonal target tile body for use covering a burner media bed claim 1 , comprising a generally flat hexagonal portion and a plurality of generally right circular cylindrical aperture portions extending therethrough; wherein the ceramic hexagonal target tile body has a thickness of about 89 mm and a ...

SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL REACTOR, METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE THEREOF AND THERMOGRAVIMETER

Disclosed herein is a solar thermochemical reactor comprising an outer member, an inner member disposed within an outer member, wherein the outer member surrounds the inner member and wherein the outer member has an aperture for receiving solar radiation and wherein an inner cavity and an outer cavity are formed by the inner member and outer member and a reactive material capable of being magnetically stabilized wherein the reactive material is disposed in the outer cavity between the inner member and the outer member. 2. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where the composite particle further comprises a third non-metallic derivative that stabilizes the first non-metallic particle and the second non-metallic particle against further sintering.3. The solar reactor of claim 2 , where the composite particle has an average particle size of about 200 to about 2000 micrometers.4. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where the first non-metallic particle has an average particle size of about 20 to about 80 micrometers claim 1 , and where the second non-metallic particle has an average particle size of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers prior to a sintering.5. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where a weight ratio of the first non-metallic particle to the second non-metallic particle is about 1:4 to about 1:6.6. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where the first non-metallic particle comprises magnetite.7. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where the second non-metallic particle comprises zirconia.8. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where the composite particle has a surface area of greater than or equal to about 100 square meter per gram.9. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where the monolithic solid comprises particles that comprise iron claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , ferrites claim 1 , rare earth metals or alloys thereof.10. The solar reactor of claim 1 , where the monolithic solid comprises first particles that are magnetic particles or that are susceptible to a magnetic field and ...

Pyrolysis Reactor Materials and Methods

In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention includes a method for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock using a pyrolysis reactor system comprising the step of providing in a heated region of a pyrolysis reactor system for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, apparatus comprising the above refractory material. 119-. (canceled)21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the refractory material remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having a carbon partial pressure of 10bar claim 20 , an oxygen partial pressure of 10bar claim 20 , at a temperature of 2050° C.22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the refractory material remains in the oxide form when exposed to a gas having a carbon partial pressure of 10bar claim 20 , an oxygen partial pressure of 10bar claim 20 , and at a temperature over the full range of from 1800° C. to 2100° C.23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the refractory material exhibits a cubic crystalline structure when exposed to a temperature in the range of from 1250° C. to 2200° C.24. The method of wherein the refractory material ...

Catalysts for SPOC™ enhanced synthesis gas production

A process and system for producing synthesis gas by a SPOC® enhanced catalytic partial oxidation process is disclosed. Light hydrocarbons in a H 2 S-containing feed gas are partially oxidized to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide over a catalyst that simultaneously oxidizes the H 2 S to produce elemental sulfur. A reaction in which H 2 S is partially oxidized to elemental sulfur and water takes place instead of a secondary reaction in which a portion of the light hydrocarbon feed is combusted to form CO 2 and water. An increase in yield and selectivity for CO and H 2 products results, and readily recoverable elemental sulfur is also produced.

用于制备氰化氢的反应管和方法

用于制备氰化氢的反应管包括由陶瓷构成的圆柱形管、附着于管内壁并包含铂的催化剂、以及至少一个嵌入圆柱形管的嵌入件，该嵌入件由陶瓷构成，并包括3个或4个由管轴线指向管内壁的翅片。翅片将管内部划分为具有大致相等的圆形分段形状的横截面的实质上直的通道，并且翅片端部与管内壁之间的平均距离的范围为0.1‑3mm。在用于制备氰化氢的方法中，使氨和具有1‑4个碳原子的至少一种脂肪族烃在反应管中于1000‑1400℃下反应。

Pyrolytic reactor

A pyrolytic reactor comprising a fuel injection zone, a combustion zone adjacent to the fuel injections zone, an expansion zone adjacent to the combustion zone, a feedstock injection zone comprising a plurality of injection nozzles and disposed adjacent to the expansion zone, a mixing zone configured to mix a carrier stream and feed material and disposed adjacent to the feedstock injection zone, and a reaction zone adjacent to the mixing zone. The plurality of injection nozzles are radially distributed in a first assembly defining a first plane transverse to the feedstock injection zone and in a second assembly transverse to the feedstock injection zone.

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Apparatus for metal chloride production

Porous plate (13) is disposed between wind box (11) of dispersion board (B) and tubular vessel wall (12). Filling layer (14) of structure packed with ceramic particles such as those of fused silica is disposed on the porous plate (13) so as to fill the inside of the tubular vessel wall (12). The filling layer (14) is composed of ceramic particles, so that the corrosion wear by chlorine gas can be inhibited with the durability thereof enhanced. Further, a chlorine resisting member is disposed in adhering form on the internal surface of the tubular vessel wall (12), so that the corrosion wear by chlorine gas of the tubular vessel wall (12) can also be effectively inhibited. As a result, the damaging of the internal wall of chlorination furnace per se can be minimized, and the state of allowing chlorine gas to be uniformly dispersed and supplied to fluidized bed (4) composed of titanium ore and coke can be maintained for a prolonged period of time.

使用超音速流反应器的甲烷转化装置及方法

本发明提供用于将一进料料流中的甲烷转化成乙炔的装置及方法。将一烃料流引入至超音速反应器中并使其热解以将该甲烷的至少一部分转化成乙炔。该反应器流出物料流可经处理以将乙炔转化至另一烃方法。

Oxidization of an oxidizable charge in the gaseous phase and a reactor for implementing this method

An oxidizable charge is oxidized in a gaseous phase reaction. The oxidizable charge and an oxidizing gas flow simultaneously and separately through a distribution zone made of a ceramic material. In at least a part of the distribution zone, the oxidizable charge and the oxidizing gas flow through a multiplicity of passages of a dimension so small that any flame resulting from oxidation of the oxidizable charge will be quenched. The oxidizable charge and oxidizing gas are then mixed in a mixing zone made from a ceramic material defining a multiplicity of spaces with passages having a dimension comparable to the dimension of the passages in the distribution zone. The mixture of gases then flows through a reaction zone made from a ceramic material defining another multiplicity of passages having dimensions comparable to those in the distribution zone. The distance between each of the distribution, mixing and reaction zones is also so small that any flame resulting from oxidation of the oxidizable charge will be quenched.

Joint design for segmented silicon carbide liner in a fluidized bed reactor

폴리규소-코팅된 과립 재료 제조용 유동층 반응기에 사용하기 위한 세그먼트화된 탄화규소 라이너뿐만 아니라, 상기 세그먼트화된 탄화규소 라이너의 제조 및 사용 방법이 개시된다. 탄화규소 세그먼트를 연결하기 위한 비-오염성 결합 재료가 또한 개시된다. 탄화규소 세그먼트 중 1개 이상은 반응-결합된 탄화규소로 구성될 수 있다.

Termination device of a reactor of a fluid catalytic cracking unit

The invention relates to a termination device of a tubular reactor comprising at least one separation element adapted for the separation of solid particles and gaseous effluents and at least one coupling element that is part of an end of said tubular reactor, said separation element being connected to said coupling element, characterized in that each element of the termination device is made of ceramic material. The invention also relates to a tubular reactor, having a vertical or substantially vertical axis, of a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with a termination device according to the invention and to a corresponding fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Hydrocarbon cracking method and reactor

烃类裂解方法包括：提供蒸汽和烃类；将蒸汽和烃类输入接触烃类的表面含有化学式为A a B b C c D d O 3-δ 的钙钛矿材料的反应装置，其中0＜a＜1.2，0≤b≤1.2，0.9＜a+b≤1.2，0＜c＜1.2，0≤d≤1.2，0.9＜c+d≤1.2，-0.5＜δ＜0.5；A从钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)及其组合选取；B从锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)及其组合选取；C从铈(Ce)、锆(Zr)、锑(Sb)、镨(Pr)、钛(Ti)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、镓(Ga)、锡(Sn)、铽(Tb)及其组合选取；D从镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)、钪(Sc)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钇(Y)、锆(Zr)、铌(Nb)、钼(Mo)、锝(Tc)、钌(Ru)、铑(Rh)、钯(Pd)、银(Ag)、镉(Cd)、铪(Hf)、钽(Ta)、钨(W)、铼(Re)、锇(Os)、铱(Ir)、铂(Pt)、金(Au)、镓(Ga)、铟(In)、锡(Sn)、锑(Sb)及其组合选取。

System, method, and apparatus for dual gas delivery through a high temperature artifact without undesirable gas mixing

제어된 전달 및 가스 혼합이 필요할 때까지 두 가지 가스를 개별적으로 운반하는 시스템. 이 장치는 두 가지 가스 간의 분리를 밀폐된, 고온의 재료, 및 가스 혼합을 허용하지 않는 가스 흐름 채널을 내포하는 기하를 사용하여 유지한다. 본원 고안은 구성요소들 사이의 경계면에서 밀봉을 제공한다. 외부 링과 내부 스풀(spool)은 함께 조립되어, 초기의 분리된 가스인 두 가지 주입물을 수용하고, 이후 이 두 가지 가스가 구성요소를 빠져나갈 때 제어된 방식으로 혼합하고 반응하는 것을 허용하는 배출 구멍이 있는 배출 표면까지 개별적으로 내포하고 운반하는 단일 구성요소를 형성한다. 두 가지 가스 모두를 위한 주입 구멍은 스풀의 한쪽 면에 배치된다. 배출 구멍은 중심에 교차하는 배열 또는 격자형 패턴으로 스풀의 반대쪽 표면 위에 형성된다. A system that carries two gases separately until controlled delivery and gas mixing are required. The device maintains the separation between the two gases using a geometry that encloses a closed, hot material, and a gas flow channel that does not allow gas mixing. The present invention provides a seal at the interface between the components. The outer ring and inner spool are assembled together to accommodate the two injections, which are initially separate gases, and then allow mixing and reaction in a controlled manner as these two gases exit the component. It forms a single component that individually encloses and transports up to the discharge surface with discharge holes. Injection holes for both gases are located on one side of the spool. The exit holes are formed on the opposite surface of the spool in an intersecting arrangement or lattice pattern at the center.

Reactor and agitator useful in process for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene

本发明公开了用于制备1-氯-3，3，3-三氟丙烯(1233zd)的高压方法的反应器和搅拌器，所述1-氯-3，3，3-三氟丙烯由1，1，1，3，3-五氯丙烷(240fa)与HF的反应获得，其中所述搅拌器包括一种或多种以下设计改进：(a)带有惰性隔离液的双机械密封件或单密封件；(b)所述密封件的旋转面上的陶瓷；(c)所述密封件的静止面上的陶瓷；(d)由弹性蓄能Teflon构造的接液O型圈和PTFE楔形或动态O型圈设计；和(e)由耐腐蚀合金构造的搅拌器的接液金属表面。

System, method, and apparatus for dual gas delivery through a high temperature artifact without undesirable gas mixing

A system conveys two gases separately until controlled delivery and gas mixing are desired. The device maintains separation between the two gases with sealed, high temperature materials, and a geometry that contains gas flow channels that do not allow gas mixing. The present design provides a seal at the interfaces between components. An outer ring and an inner spool are assembled together to form a single component that accommodates the input of two, initially separate gases, and then contains and conveys the two gases separately to an exit surface where outlet holes allow the two gases to mix and react in a controlled manner upon exiting the component. The inlet holes for both gases are located on one side of the spool. The exit holes are formed in a centralized, alternating, completely interspersed array or grid-like pattern on the opposite surface of the spool.

Segmented silicon carbide liner

폴리규소-코팅된 과립 재료 제조용 유동층 반응기에 사용하기 위한 세그먼트화된 탄화규소 라이너뿐만 아니라, 상기 세그먼트화된 탄화규소 라이너의 제조 및 사용 방법이 개시된다. 탄화규소 세그먼트를 연결하기 위한 비-오염성 결합 재료가 또한 개시된다. 탄화규소 세그먼트 중 1개 이상은 반응-결합된 탄화규소로 구성될 수 있다. Segmented silicon carbide liners for use in fluidized bed reactors for making polysilicon-coated granular materials, as well as methods of making and using the segmented silicon carbide liners are disclosed. A non-staining bonding material for connecting silicon carbide segments is also disclosed. At least one of the silicon carbide segments may be composed of reaction-bonded silicon carbide.

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Combined method for the production of hydrogen-containing chlorosilanes

本发明涉及一种以复合方法制备含有含氢氯硅烷的产物气体混合物的方法，该方法通过在加压运行的氢化反应器中用氢气将复合方法的副产物四氯化硅和有机氯硅烷、特别是甲基三氯硅烷进行氢化反应，所述氢化反应器包含一个或多个反应室，所述反应室各自由气密性陶瓷材料反应器管组成，其中将该产物气体混合物后处理并将该产物气体混合物的至少一种产物的至少一部分作为原料用于复合方法中的氢化反应或一种其它过程。本发明进一步涉及适用于实施该复合方法的复合系统。

Process and apparatus for heat treatment of polymer containing liquid

A process for treating a mixture of a polymer and a chlorinated organic solvent under heating, characterized by employing an apparatus in which a portion thereof to be brought into contact with the heated mixture is made of an acid resistant inorganic material selected from a group consisting of a metallic composition containing at least 85% of copper, nickel or a mixture thereof, and a ceramic material. Deterioration in color is improved in a process for recovering a polymer dissolved in the chlorinated organic solvent.

GAS INJECTION ELEMENT IN A REGENERATOR OF A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT

Un élément d'injection (10) pour un système d'injection (1) de gaz à l'intérieur d'un régénérateur d'une unité de craquage catalytique fluide, ledit élément d'injection définissant un passage (12) et étant agencé de façon à pouvoir être fixé sur un support (11) de sorte que ledit passage débouche d'une part vers une cavité et d'autre part vers un lit catalytique fluidisé, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'injection est réalisé en matériau céramique. An injection element (10) for a gas injection system (1) inside a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said injection element defining a passage (12) and being arranged so as to be fixed on a support (11) so that said passage opens on the one hand to a cavity and on the other hand to a fluidized catalytic bed, characterized in that said injection element is made of ceramic material .

DEVICE FOR TERMINATING A REACTOR OF A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT

L'invention concerne un dispositif de terminaison (10) d'un réacteur tubulaire (1) comprenant au moins un élément de séparation (11) conformé pour la séparation de particules solides et d'effluents gazeux et au moins un élément de raccordement (12) faisant partie d'une extrémité dudit réacteur tubulaire, ledit élément de séparation étant relié audit élément de raccordement, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément du dispositif de terminaison est en matériau céramique. L'invention concerne également un réacteur tubulaire (1) d'axe vertical ou sensiblement vertical d'une unité de craquage catalytique fluide équipé d'un dispositif de terminaison selon l'invention et une unité de craquage catalytique fluide correspondante. The invention relates to a device (10) for terminating a tubular reactor (1) comprising at least one separating element (11) designed for the separation of solid particles and off-gases and at least one connecting element (12). ) forming part of an end of said tubular reactor, said separating element being connected to said connecting element, characterized in that each element of the termination device is made of ceramic material. The invention also relates to a tubular reactor (1) of vertical or substantially vertical axis of a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with a termination device according to the invention and a corresponding fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Process for the thermal conversion of methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons

Improved process for the thermal conversion of methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. The process is based on the use of a multichannel system made of ceramic material, in which the rows of channels are alternately passed through by the charge 1 and by the heat-transfer 2 or cooling 6 fluids, constituting a continuous assembly comprising a pyrolysis region A followed by a quenching region B.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION OF MATERIALS

Hydrothermal oxidation, for decontamination of materials, uses heated supercritical liquid with oxidant under pressure within inner tube of reactor, with agitation, followed by cooling for extraction

To apply a hydrothermal oxidizing process to materials, a liquid of water and an oxidant is fed into a ring zone at a pressure of \-22.1 MPa, defined by one end of a twin-wall tubular reactor. It is heated at the ring zone to \-374 deg C to be fed into the reactor inner tube with a simultaneous feed of the materials from the other end. The liquid and the materials mix together at one section of the inner tube, and are cooled in a second section of the tube. The chilled and oxidized mixture is extracted by an isobaric evacuation from the inner tube at the first end of the reactor. The fluids and materials have a continuous or quasi continuous flow. The hydrothermal oxidizing process, to treat materials, evacuates them by a counter flow of the heating for the liquid/oxidant. The liquid/oxidant and the materials to be treated, under heat and pressure, are mixed by agitation within the inner tube, to a condition which is present in the reactor to give batches to be passed into the reactor. The mixture is chilled by a strong agitation. The material to be treated is a waste product. The oxidant is a gas of ozone and a mixture of ozone and nitrogen, or a liquid of hydrogen peroxide and liquid oxygen. The oxidant is fed into the reactor with water at a rate of 1-5 times the necessary stoichiometric amount to oxidize the material. An Independent claim is included for an apparatus (1) to oxidize materials, in a supercritical environment, with a tubular body (3) with a flange (5) and seal (7) at one end. It has an entry (9) for the constituents of the supercritical environment, and an outlet (11) for the treated materials. The flange has a sealed passage (13) for a rotating shaft (15). The other end has a feed opening (17) for the materials to be treated. The apparatus is constructed of materials which are resistant to the pressure and temperature of the supercritical environment. Preferred Features: An inner tube (19) is within the body, to form a ring zone (21) along the ...

Improvements to masonry walls for industrial devices

ANCHOR STRUCTURE FORMED OF A SINGLE CUT TOOL FOR ANTI-EROSION COATING, ESPECIALLY FOR PROTECTION OF A WALL OF A CATALYTIC FLUID CRACKING UNIT.

L'invention concerne une structure d'ancrage métallique caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une tôle (110) d'une seule pièce définissant un plan et présentant au moins un orifice (112) traversant, ladite structure d'ancrage présentant au moins une alvéole de forme polygonale à n côtés, ladite alvéole étant définie par une pluralité de pattes dont: - au moins une première patte (118i) sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la tôle, d'un premier côté du plan, - au moins une deuxième patte (118i) sensiblement perpendiculaire audit plan, d'un deuxième côté opposé au premier côté, chaque patte (118i) étant reliée à la tôle (110) par une ligne de pliage (122i) parallèle et adjacente à un côté de ladite alvéole, au moins une partie des pattes (118i) s'étendant depuis ledit au moins un orifice jusqu'à sa ligne de pliage (122i), avant mise en forme de la tôle. L'invention concerne également une tôle conformée pour réaliser une structure d'ancrage. The invention relates to a metal anchoring structure characterized in that it comprises a sheet (110) of a single piece defining a plane and having at least one orifice (112) therethrough, said anchoring structure having at least one polygonal cavity with n sides, said cell being defined by a plurality of tabs including: - at least one first tab (118i) substantially perpendicular to the plane of the sheet, a first side of the plane, - at least a second leg (118i) substantially perpendicular to said plane, a second side opposite to the first side, each tab (118i) being connected to the sheet (110) by a fold line (122i) parallel and adjacent to one side of said cell, to at least a portion of the tabs (118i) extending from said at least one orifice to its fold line (122i), prior to forming the sheet. The invention also relates to a shaped sheet for producing an anchoring structure.

FLUID STRUCTURE FOR FLUID CONTACT COLUMN AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.

FUEL INJECTION ELEMENT IN A REGENERATOR OF A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT

Un élément d'injection (10) pour un système d'injection de combustible à l'intérieur d'un régénérateur d'une unité de craquage catalytique fluide, ledit élément d'injection définissant un passage (12) et étant agencé de façon à pouvoir être fixé à un orifice traversant du régénérateur de sorte qu'une extrémité du passage (12) soit reliée à un conduit d'alimentation en combustible du système d'injection et l'autre extrémité du passage débouche à l'intérieur du régénérateur, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'injection est réalisé en matériau céramique. An injection member (10) for a fuel injection system within a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said injection member defining a passage (12) and being arranged to it can be fixed to a through orifice of the regenerator so that one end of the passage (12) is connected to a fuel supply conduit of the injection system and the other end of the passage opens into the interior of the regenerator, characterized in that said injection element is made of ceramic material.

Flow tube reactor for the conversion of silicon tetrachloride to trichlorosilane

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Umsetzung von Siliciumtetrachlorid mit Wasserstoff zu Trichlorsilan in einem Hydrodechlorierungsreaktor, wobei der Hydrodechlorierungsreaktor unter Druck betrieben wird und ein oder mehrere Reaktorrohre umfasst, die aus keramischem Material bestehen. Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren die Verwendung eines solchen Hydrodechlorierungsreaktors als integraler Bestandteil einer Anlage zur Herstellung von Trichlorsilan aus metallurgischem Silicium. The invention relates to a process for converting silicon tetrachloride with hydrogen to trichlorosilane in a hydrodechlorination reactor, the hydrodechlorination reactor being operated under pressure and comprising one or more reactor tubes which are made of ceramic material. The invention further relates to the use of such a hydrodechlorination reactor as an integral part of a plant for producing trichlorosilane from metallurgical silicon.

reactor and reactor system for high temperature and high pressure reactions

<B>REATOR E SISTEMA DE REATORES PARA REAÇÕES DE ALTA TEMPERATURA E ALTA PRESSçO<D>A presente invenção refere-se a um reator e um sistema de reatores para realizar reações de alta temperatura e alta pressão. O reator tem um recipiente interno isolável para permitir a energia térmica refrigerar e aquecer de modo eficiente o reator. O reator compreende um reator externadaptado para suportar uma pressão de reação e uma temperatura de reação, o reator externo tendo uma tampa de reator vedável; um recipiente interno dentro do reator externo para conter uma solução de reação e pelo menos um recipiente de reação, o recipiente interno sendo aberto para o reator externo tal que a pressão de reação do recipiente interno e do reator externo são substancialmente igualadas e o vapor no recipiente interno passa para o recipiente externo, o recipiente interno tendo uma proteção de respingo para impedir substancialmente o derramamento da solução de reação do recipiente interno dentro do reator externo; um injetor de vapor em comunicação com o recipiente interno para injetar vapor dentro do recipiente interno para aquecer a solução de reação; uma sida no recipiente externo para esgotar o vapor do reator externo e do recipiente interno; e uma saída de reator externo para drenar um líquido contido entre no reator externo e o recipiente interno. <B> REACTOR AND REACTOR SYSTEM FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE REACTIONS <D> The present invention relates to a reactor and a reactor system to perform high temperature and high pressure reactions. The reactor has an insulated internal container to allow thermal energy to cool and efficiently heat the reactor. The reactor comprises an external reactor adapted to withstand a reaction pressure and a reaction temperature, the external reactor having a sealable reactor cover; an internal container inside the external reactor to contain a reaction solution and at least one reaction container, the internal container ...

PROCEDURE FOR OXYDATION OF AN OXIDIZABLE CHARGE IN GAS PHASE WITH A GAS MIXTURE AND REACTOR FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE

Segmented silicon carbide liner

本发明公开了分段碳化硅衬，特别是在用于生产多晶硅覆层的颗粒材料的流化床反应器中使用的分段碳化硅衬，以及制造和使用所述分段碳化硅衬的方法。还公开了用于联结碳化硅区段的无污染粘合材料。一个或多个所述碳化硅区段可以由反应粘合的碳化硅构造而成。

Method and apparatus for oxidizing materials in supercritical water

Reduction reactor separating from the oxidation reaction

개시되는 발명은 상부에 배출구가 형성되고, 벽체의 측면에는 버너장치가 설치되어 내부의 온도가 1,200℃ 이상으로 가열되는 환원반응로에 관한 것으로서, 상기 버너장치는, 헤드부의 중앙에 배치된 메인 연료공급구와, 상기 메인 연료공급구 주변에 방사상으로 배치된 복수의 산소공급구와, 상기 메인 연료공급구와 산소공급구 사이에 배치된 복수의 보조 연료공급구를 구비하고, 상기 벽체의 내측에 위치하도록 설치되는 버너몸체와, 상기 버너몸체의 헤드부 주변을 감싸도록 상기 버너몸체의 일측에 결합하고, 상기 헤드부의 전방으로 연장형성된 커버부재를 포함하고, 여기서 상기 산소공급구는 상기 헤드부의 중심을 향해 수렴하는 방향으로 개방되고, 상기 보조 연료공급구는 상기 헤드부의 중심으로부터 발산하는 방향으로 개방되며, 상기 환원반응로의 내부는 상기 커버부재 내측의 산화공간과, 상기 커버부재 외측의 환원공간으로 구분되어, 상기 산화공간에는 산소공급구를 통해 공급된 산소가 연소작용을 통해 전부 소모됨으로써 상기 환원공간에는 산소가 존재하지 않은 환원분위기가 조성되어 환원반응만 일어나고, 상기 커버부재가 형성하는 산화공간은 상기 환원반응로 내부에만 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 산화와 환원반응이 분리된 환원반응로에 관한 것이다.

Catalyst for spoc- enhanced synthesis gas production

METHOD FOR THERMALLY CONVERTING METHANE IN HYDROCARBONS WITH HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHTS.

Process for the thermal conversion of methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons

The present addition relates to an improvement to the process for the thermal conversion of methane of the main patent. The improvement consists in adding to the preheated charging gas the effluent from a plasma torch. For a lower thermal pyrolysis level, the selectivity towards ethylene and towards aromatic compounds is increased.

Process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons

In the isomerization, alkylation, disproportionation or polymerization of hydrocarbons as described in Specification 981,311, i.e. in the presence of a catalyst comprising hexafluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6) or a hydrocarbon derivative thereof (RSbF6) as catalyst, the catalyst is diluted with more than 6 volumes of diluent per volume of catalyst; hydrogen fluoride is the preferred diluent, fluorohydrocarbons may also be used. The diluent may be used in amounts up to 20 volumes per volume.ALSO:Hexafluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6) or a hydrocarbon derivative thereof (RSbF6) can be used as a catalyst, in acid-catalysed reactions, in the presence of a diluent. Specified diluents are hydrogen fluoride and fluorohydrocarbons.

Discharge reactor fuse link

A fuse for an electrical discharge reactor made up of a fuse apparatus ( 10 ) and a power supply shut down procedure. The fuse apparatus ( 10 ) has an end cap ( 12 ) that encloses a spring ( 30 ) and a rivet ( 13 ) or piercing end ( 14 ) that is electrically connected to an arcing tube ( 18 ), secured to a near end of a strain wire ( 20 ), a lower terminal ( 32 ) secured to a far end of the strain wire ( 20 ), and a contact ( 24 ) that is electrically connected to the lower terminal ( 32 ). Preferably, the arcing tube ( 18 ), strain wire ( 20 ), and lower terminal ( 32 ) are sheathed in a structure ( 16 ) that provides support and electrical insulation such as a quartz tube while ensuring protection of the fuse internal components from the corrosive environment. The power supply shut down procedure includes a synchonized power supply response that lowers the current limit ( 52 ) for a set duration to allow the fuse apparatus to clear ( 54 ), and then shuts off the current completely ( 56 ) for about one second to quench any sustained arcs prior to resuming operations ( 60 ).

Flow tube reactor for converting silicon tetrachloride to trichlorosilane

The invention relates to a method for converting silicon tetrachloride having hydrogen to trichlorosilane in a hydrodechlorination reactor, wherein the hydrodechlorination reactor is operated under pressure and comprises one or more reactor tubes which are made of a ceramic material. The invention further relates to the use of such a hydrodechlorination reactor as an integral component of a system for producing trichlorosilane from metallurgical silicon.

Improvements in the thermal treatment of organic substances

In thermal treatments of organic products, such as the cracking of oils, the conversion of methane and its homologues with steam or carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, or in the reduction of phenol, cresol, and the like with hydrogen, the deposition of carbon is avoided by providing the surfaces of ceramic apparatus which come into contact with the hot organic materials, with a complete or partial covering of oxides of chromium, tungsten, vanadium, or uranium. For example, chamotte tubes or bricks or unglazed porcelain tubes are impregnated with aqueous chromic acid or chromium salts (or chromates which form chromium oxide on heating) and then heating, for instance to 1600 DEG C.; or the metal compounds may be incorporated in the materials from which the ceramic material is made. Catalysts may also be employed, incorporated in the surfaces in a similar manner. In examples (1) an internally unglazed porcelain tube is soaked with a 50 per cent aqueous chromic acid and dried at 400 DEG C., this being repeated three times; methane is passed through this tube at 1075-1100 DEG C. to produce benzene hydrocarbons and hydrogen; (2) methane is passed through a fireclay tube impregnated with chromic acid and is converted into benzene hydrocarbons and hydrogen at 1100-1200 DEG C.; (3) vapour of paraffin oil (boiling point 330-380 DEG C.) is passed at 650-700 DEG C. through a porcelain tube impregnated with chromic acid, 41 per cent of oils and 61 per cent of gases being produced; of the oils 60 per cent are of boiling point up to 200 DEG C. and 16 per cent of boiling point 200-300 DEG C., while the gas contains 40 per cent of olefines, 48 per cent of methane and its homologues and 10 per cent of hydrogen; (4) ethylene is passed at 700-750 DEG C. through a similar tube, 15 per cent of the ethylene being converted into a liquid containing 50 per cent of benzene and 50 per cent higher aromatic hydrocarbons; the gas contains 39 per cent of ethylene, 38 per cent of ...

Segmented silicon carbide liner

本發明揭示供用於生產多晶矽塗佈粒狀材料之流體化床反應器中使用的分段式碳化矽襯裡，以及製造及使用該等分段式碳化矽襯裡之方法。本發明亦揭示用於接合碳化矽片段之非汙染連接材料。該等碳化矽片段中之一或多者可由反應連接碳化矽構造。

Element for injecting fuel into a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit

An injection element (10) for a system for injecting fuel into a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said injection element defining a flow passage (12) and being arranged so as to be able to be fastened to an orifice passing through the regenerator so that one end of the flow passage (12) is connected to a duct for supplying the injection system with fuel and the other end of the flow passage opens inside the regenerator, characterized in that, said injection element is made of ceramic material with ceramic and/or carbone fibres.

New reaction column

Apparatus for producing synthesis gas

描述了一种用于制备合成气的装置(1)，该装置包括：通过相对的端部(3，4)封闭的基本上圆筒形的壳体(2)；用于供给含有氧的气流的至少一个入口(8)；用于供给含有烃的气流的至少一个入口(7)；和用于合成气流的至少一个出口；和至少一个燃烧器(9)，其与用于部分氧化和/或转化所述烃的反应室(15)流体连通，从而得到所述的合成气流，并且该装置的特征在于，它包括在所述壳体(2)内部延伸的陶瓷材料管(12)，所述陶瓷材料管(12)将所述反应室(15)限定在内部。

Process for the thermal conversion of methane into hydrocarbons with a higher molecular weight

1. A process for the thermal conversion of methane into hydrocarbons with a higher molecular weight in a continuous multichannel zone of ceramic material, consisting of a plurality of adjacent channels, said channels forming alternate rows of two different types, the channels of the rows of the first type extending over the entire length of the zone and the channels of the rows of the second type being divided in at least one first and at least one second section, not communicating with one another, by an intermediate partition, the channels of the rows of the first type not communicating with the channels of the rows of the second type, characterized in that a gaseous mixture containing a molar percentage of methane ranging from 10 to 99% is circulated in the channels of the rows of the first type, in that a heat exchange fluid is circulated in the channels of said first section of the rows of the second type, in that a cooling fluid is circulated in the channels of said second section of the rows of the second type and in that said hydrocarbons of higher molecular weights are collected at the end of the channels of the rows of the first type.

HIGH ALUMINUM PRODUCT

Produit réfractaire fritté présentant la forme d'un bloc et constitué - d'un granulat constitué par l'ensemble des grains présentant une taille supérieure à 100 µm, dits « grains grossiers », et - d'une matrice liant lesdits grains grossiers et constituée des grains présentant une taille inférieure ou égale à 100 µm, le granulat représentant entre 45% et 90% en masse du produit, ledit produit présentant une composition telle que, en pourcentage massique sur la base des oxydes : - Al2O3 > 80%, - SiO2 < 15%, - Na2O < 0,15% - Fe2O3 < 0,05%, - CaO < 0,1%, - les autres oxydes constituant le complément à 100%. Sintered refractory product having the shape of a block and consisting of - a granulate consisting of all the grains having a size greater than 100 microns, called "coarse grains", and - a matrix bonding said coarse grains and constituted grains having a size less than or equal to 100 μm, the aggregate representing between 45% and 90% by weight of the product, said product having a composition such that, in weight percent on the basis of the oxides: Al 2 O 3> 80%, SiO 2 <15%, - Na 2 O <0.15% - Fe 2 O 3 <0.05%, - CaO <0.1%, - the other oxides constituting the 100% complement.

Reactor and reactor system for high temperature and high pressure reactions

A reactor and a reactor system for carrying out high temperature and high pressure reactions is disclosed herein. The reactor has an isolatable inner vessel for allowing for heat energy efficient cooling and heating of the reactor. The reactor comprises an outer reactor adapted for withstanding a reaction pressure and a reaction temperature, the outer reactor having a sealable reactor lid; an inner vessel within the outer reactor for containing a reaction solution and at least one reaction vessel, the inner vessel being open to the outer reactor such that the reaction pressure of the inner vessel and the outer reactor are substantially equalized and vapour in the inner vessel passes to the outer vessel, the inner vessel having a splatter shield for substantially preventing spillage of the reaction solution from the inner vessel into the outer reactor; a vapour injector in communication with the inner vessel for injecting vapour into the inner vessel for heating the reaction solution; an outlet in the outer vessel for exhausting vapour from the outer reactor and the inner vessel; and an outer reactor outlet for draining a liquid contained between the outer reactor and the inner vessel.

Apparatus for fluorination of organic compounds

A reactor for fluorinating an organic compound comprising (a) an outer vessel (11); (b) a reactor vessel (12) being disposed within said outer vessel (11) to define an annular space (19), said reactor vessel (12) at least partially comprising a fluoropolymer, said annular space (19) being adapted to receive a fluid; (c) at least one pathway (51) for introducing said heating fluid into said annular space; (d) at least one pathway (26) for inputing reaction materials into said reactor vessel; and (e) at least one pathway for outputing (27) a product stream from said reactor vessel.

Integrated process for conversion of stc-containing and ocs-containing sidestreams into hydrogen-containing chlorosilanes

The invention relates to a method for producing a product gas mixture containing hydrogen-containing chlorosilanes within a combined method by hydrogenating silicon tetrachloride and organochlorosilanes, in particular methyl trichlorosilane, which are obtained as byproducts in the combined method, with hydrogen in a pressurized hydrogenation reactor comprising one or more reaction chambers, each of which consists of a reactor tube made of gas-tight ceramic material. The product gas mixture is reprocessed, and at least a portion of at least one product of the product gas mixture is used as feedstock in the hydrogenation process or as feedstock in another process within the combined method. The invention further relates to a combined system suitable for carrying out the combined method.

Moulded insulation bodies

Moulded insulation bodies, processes for the production thereof and use thereof consisting essentially of ceramic material comprising SiO2 fibres and Al2O3 fibres which has been produced using Al2O3 sol as a binder and kilned at a temperature of above 800°C for insulation of the ends of cracking tubes of a tubular reactor for performing a steam reforming process for generating synthesis gas which project out of the reactor heating space.

Apparatus for contacting gases at high temperature

A reactor (100) may be used for hydrogenating tetrachlorosilane. The reactor (100) has at least one part fabricated from a silicon carbide-based material of construction. The reactor (100) may include i) a pressurizable shell (101), ii) a thermal insulator (102) surrounded by the pressurizable shell (101), iii) a heating element (106) surrounded by the thermal insulator (102), and iv) a reaction chamber (107) surrounded by the heating element (106).

A method of carrying out a batch-style reaction in at least two reactors

A high temperature and pressure reaction process allows a reaction to be carried out in a first reactor and heat transferred from the first reactor to a second reactor to cool the first reactor and heat the second reactor. The heat transfer is accomplished by venting pressure from the first reactor to the second reactor which generates steam in the first reactor. The high pressure steam is vented into the second reactor to heat the second reactor.

Catalyst for spoc- enhanced synthesis gas production

A process and system for producing synthesis gas by a SPOC™ enhanced catalytic partial oxidation process is disclosed. A reaction in which H2S is partially oxidized to elemental sulfur and water takes place instead of a secondary reaction in which a portion of the light hydrocarbon feed is combusted to form CO2 and water. An increase in yield and selectivity for CO and H2 products results, and readily recoverable elemental sulfur is also produced.

Reactor component placement device in a liner wall

公开了一种在用于生产涂布有多晶硅的颗粒材料的流化床反应器中使用的反应室衬里。所述衬里包括孔口和空腔，所述空腔被构造成容纳反应器部件，例如探针、传感器、喷嘴、进料管线、取样管线、加热/冷却部件等。在一些实施例中，所述衬里是由竖直堆叠的或侧向结合的多个区段构成的分段式衬里，其中至少一个区段包括孔口和被构造成容纳反应器部件的空腔。

Polycrystal silicon manufacturing apparatus and method of manufacturing polycrystal silicon using the same

A polycrystal silicon manufacturing apparatus and a method of manufacturing polycrystal silicon using the same are disclosed. The polycrystal silicon manufacturing apparatus includes a reaction pipe comprising silicon particles provided therein; a flowing-gas supply unit configured to supply flowing gas to the silicon particles provided in the reaction pipe; and a first pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of a first area in the reaction pipe; a second pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of a second area in the reaction pipe; and a particle outlet configured to exhaust polycrystal silicon formed in the reaction pipe outside, when a difference between a first pressure measured by the first pressure sensor and a second pressure measured by the second pressure sensor is a reference pressure value or more.

Plasma processing container inner member and method for manufacturing the same

Nickel alloy and constructional members made therefrom

A Ni alloy displaying improved corrosion resistance, esp. in acidic and low O2 media, comprises (wt.%): 20.5-25 Mo, 5-11.5 Cr, over 5 to 8 Fe, 0.1-0.6 Mn, 0.1-0.3 V, 0.1-0.5 Al, 0-0.3 Si, 0-0.5 Cu, 0-0.1 C, 0-1 Co, 0-0.04 Mg, 0-0.01 Ca, balance Ni and impurities.

Trichlorosilane production in apparatus comprising SiC parts