УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЛАЗМЕННОЙ ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗОВ, ОБРАЗУЮЩИХСЯ ПРИ СГОРАНИИ ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к экологии, а точнее к устройствам для уничтожения несгоревших остатков топлива и удаления токсичных продуктов неполного сгорания из выхлопных и топочных газов, и может быть использовано в любой отрасли деятельности. Настоящее изобретение направлено на повышение степени очистки, а также надежности и ресурса работы с одновременным снижением энергоемкости процесса очистки. Технический результат достигается за счет того, что ионизатор выполнен в виде одного или нескольких реакторов, установленных последовательно по движению газового потока, каждый из которых содержит по крайней мере одну газоразрядную камеру с комбинированными электродами, металлическая часть которых выполнена в виде секций, отделенных друг от друга диэлектриком. Газоразрядные камеры установлены по газовому потоку, а размещенные в них секционные электроды образуют систему конденсаторов, подключенных к источнику питания - генератору переменного напряжения через индивидуальные токоограничители, представляющие собой также конденсаторы. 12 з.п.ф-лы, 4 ил. ОбУДСКс ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК ВИ” 2 127 400 ' 13) СЛ Е 23 С 11/00, Е 01 М 3/08 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 98104037/06, 18.03.1998 (46) Дата публикации: 10.03.1999 (56) Ссылки: ЗЧ 9778424 А, 21.04.78. ЗИ 1808096 АЗ, 07.04.93. Методика определения концентраций оксидов азота фотокалориметрическим методом с использованием реактива Грисса-Илосвал. Сборник методик по определению концентраций загрязняющих веществ в промышленных выбросах. - Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1987, с. Сборник докладов советских ученых на 1 Международной конференции по термоэмиссионному преобразованию энергии. - М.: ВНИИТ, 1969, с.299, 320. (98) Адрес для переписки: 192288, Санкт-Петербург, ул.Дмитрова, д.3З1И, кв.322 Зеленову Борису Александровичу 33. (71) Заявитель: Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Карбид" (72) Изобретатель: Зеленов Б.А., Кадыков Л.В., Смирнов С.Н., Гудков ...

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON PULVER.

Production of unsaturated hydrocarbon, e.g. ethylene or propylene, involves thermal cleavage of optionally unsaturated hydrocarbon with injection of hot gas containing alkyl radicals and-or hydrogen atoms

A method for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage of saturated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbons involves injecting into the reaction space a hot gas containing alkyl radicals and/or hydrogen atoms obtained by the thermal or non-thermal cleavage of suitable precursors. A method (M1) for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons (I) by thermal cleavage of saturated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbons (II) involves: (a) passing a starting stream containing hot gaseous (II) into a reactor fitted with gas inlet(s); (b) passing in (through these inlet(s)) hot gas containing alkyl radicals and/or hydrogen atoms obtained by the thermal or non-thermal cleavage of corresponding precursors (III) (in the case of thermal cleavage, the temperature of this hot gas is at least that of the reaction mixture at the reactor inlet; for non-thermal cleavage, the temperature of the hot gas is at least the dew point temperature of the reaction mixture at the reactor inlet); and (c) adjusting ...

SELECTIVE, HYDROGEN-PERMEABLE DIAPHRAGM COMPOUND STRUCTURES AND GASEOUS FUEL PROCESSOR USING THE SAME

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF BULK MATERIAL WITH A PHYSICAL PLASMA WITH ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Production of hydrogen and carbon from natural gas or methane using barrier discharge non-thermal plasma

Plasma chemical device for conversion of hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel

A system with a non-thermal, repetitively-pulsed gliding discharge reactor for converting gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid fuels efficiently. The system optionally contains a gas separator for removing non-hydrocarbon components from the gaseous hydrocarbon feed to improve efficiency of the system. The system may optionally reclaim hydrogen gas from the product gas for storage, transportation or power generation.

GENERATOR Of HYDROGEN AND APPARATUS OF PRODUCTION Of HYDROGEN EQUIPS With SUCH a GENERATOR

Ce générateur d'hydrogène comprend une zone (10) de reformage catalytique alimentée en gaz réactifs adaptés pour réagir et produire par reformage de l'hydrogène et dans laquelle est placé un matériau catalyseur adapté pour entretenir la réaction chimique entre les gaz réactifs. Il comprend en outre une zone (12) de reformage complémentaire dans laquelle circulent les gaz réactifs, qui est associée à ladite zone (10) de reformage catalytique et qui est dotée de moyens pour produire un plasma avec les gaz réactifs. L'invention s'applique à l'alimentation en hydrogène de piles à combustible installées sur des véhicules automobiles électriques.

METHOD USING SOLAR ENERGY, MICROWAVES AND PLASMAS TO PRODUCE A LIQUID FUEL AND HYDROGEN FROM BIOMASS OR FOSSIL COAL

SUBMERGED PLASMA GENERATOR, METHOD OF GENERATING PLASMA IN LIQUID AND METHOD OF DECOMPOSING TOXIC SUBSTANCE WITH PLASMA IN LIQUID

A submerged plasma generator comprising bubble forming means for forming bubbles in a liquid and an electromagnetic wave generator for radiating electromagnetic waves in a liquid, wherein plasma is generated by, while forming bubbles in a liquid, irradiating the bubbles with electromagnetic waves so that plasma which has high energy but is macroscopically of low temperature and which is safe and is easy to handle can be realized. The submerged plasma generator can be used in, for example, the formation of a film on a substrate and the decomposition of toxic substances such as dioxin. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

NANOPARTICLES WITH GRAFTED ORGANIC MOLECULES

An apparatus for producing grafted Group IV nanoparticles is provided and includes a source of Group IV nanoparticles (102). A chamber (104) is configured to carry the nanoparticles in a gas phase and has an inlet and an exit. The inlet configured to couple to an organic molecule source (130) which is configured to provide organic molecules to the chamber (104). A plasma source (102) is arranged to generate a plasma. The plasma causes the organic molecules to break down and/or activate in the chamber and bond to the nanoparticles. A method of producing grafted Group FV nanoparticles is also provided and includes receiving Group IV nanoparticles in a gas phase, creating a plasma with the nanoparticles, and allowing the organic molecules to break down and/or become activated in the plasma and bond with the nanoparticles.

GAS PROCESSING DEVICE AND METHOD

The invention relates to a gas processing device and a gas processing method and provides a novel technique for gas processing. The gas processing device, which is formed of an electric insulator, comprises a pipe defining a gas flow channel, a first inner electrode disposed in the upstream region of the pipe, a first outer electrode disposed outside the pipe to be opposed to the first inner electrode, a second inner electrode contained in the pipe and disposed downstream of the first inner electrode, and a second outer electrode disposed outside the pipe to be opposed to the second inner electrode. Performing PACT treatment at the second stage allows efficiently decomposing a process object gas so as to synthesize a gas that can be used further effectively.

Non-thermal plasma reactor having individually retained positive and negative reactor plates

A non-thermal plasma reactor and method provides individually retained reactor plates. The method for preparing the non-thermal plasma reactor comprises stacking an alternating sequence of positive and negative reactor plates to form a reactor stack, placing temporary spacers between the positive and negative reactor plates. In a first embodiment, a ceramic insulating layer is disposed on each side of the stack, folds of the ceramic insulating layer extending between plate pairs. The temporary spacers are removed and the stack is compressed. The reactor is wrapped with a retention material, and suitable electrical connections are applied to the plates. The wrapped stack is inserted into a reactor housing, and the necessary electrical and inlet-outlet connections are made. In this embodiment, the reactor plates are secured by the retention material and the folds of the ceramic insulating layer. In a preferred embodiment, the temporary spacers have a thickness selected to provide adequate ...

SATELLITE-SHAPED FLEXIBLE PLASMA GENERATOR

A linear flexible plasma generator having a function of cooling and temperature control. More efficient power control is possible, since a temperature of an electrode itself can be controlled in a state when plasma is discharged. In addition, since a temperature of the electrode surface can be decreased, use for the purposes of sterilization, neutralization, treatment, beauty treatment, and so on is possible. 1. A satellite-shaped flexible plasma generator comprising:a central electrode having a circular cross section;a flexible dielectric material enclosing the central electrode; andat least one external electrode having a circular cross section and being circumscribed about the flexible dielectric material while being separated from each other at regular intervals.2. The satellite-shaped flexible plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the central electrode forms a two dimensional or three dimensional structure by using auxiliary support wires or auxiliary support fixtures.3. The satellite-shaped flexible plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein a cooling line is provided in auxiliary support wires or auxiliary support fixtures to be perpendicular to the central electrode.4. The satellite-shaped flexible plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein a cooling line is provided in auxiliary support wires or auxiliary support fixtures to be parallel to the central electrode.5. The satellite-shaped flexible plasma generator as set forth in claim 3 , wherein the cooling line is provided at the inside of the auxiliary support wires or the auxiliary support fixtures.6. The satellite-shaped flexible plasma generator as set forth in claim 4 , wherein the cooling line is provided at the inside of the auxiliary support wires or the auxiliary support fixtures.7. The satellite-shaped flexible plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the circular cross section of each electrode is an elliptical type or a flat type.8. The satellite-shaped ...

HYDROGEN GENERATION SYSTEM, POWER GENERATION SYSTEM, HYDROGEN GENERATION METHOD, AND POWER GENERATION METHOD

According to one embodiment, a magnesium-recycling hydrogen generation system includes: a by-product acquisition unit that separates a by-product from a post-reaction solution, which is a solution after reacting with a hydrogen generation material containing a hydrogen-containing magnesium compound that generates hydrogen via a reaction with the solution, to acquire the by-product including more than one type of oxygen-containing magnesium compound that contains oxygen produced by the reaction, a raw material production unit that reacts the by-product with a halogen-containing substance containing halogen and other atoms than the halogen to produce a raw material containing magnesium halide, a hydrogen generation material production unit that reduces the raw material with plasma containing hydrogen to produce the hydrogen generation material, and a hydrogen generator that reacts the hydrogen generation material with the solution to generate hydrogen. 1. A hydrogen generation system configured as a magnesium-recycling hydrogen generation system , the hydrogen generation system comprising:a by-product acquisition unit configured to separate a by-product from a post-reaction solution, which is a solution after reacting with a hydrogen generation material containing a hydrogen-containing magnesium compound that generates hydrogen via a reaction with the solution, to acquire the by-product including more than one type of oxygen-containing magnesium compound that contains oxygen produced by the reaction;a raw material production unit configured to react the by-product with a halogen-containing substance containing halogen and other atoms than the halogen to produce a raw material containing magnesium halide;a hydrogen generation material production unit configured to reduce the raw material with plasma containing hydrogen to produce the hydrogen generation material; anda hydrogen generator configured to react the hydrogen generation material with the solution to generate ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING BULK MATERIAL WITH A PHYSICAL PLASMA AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

POWER GENERATION SYSTEM BASED ON GASIFICATION OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL

A low-temperature gasification furnace (2) is provided to gasify combustibles such as combustible wastes or coal at a predetermined temperature, for example, 400 to 1000°C, and the produced gas is then supplied to a fuel cell (6) to generate electricity. The low-temperature gasification furnace preferably comprises a fluidized-bed gasification furnace.

РЕАКТОР, УСТАНОВКА И ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА КРЕМНИЯ ИЛИ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА ГЕРМАНИЯ

FIELD: process engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to plant, reactor and continuous production of high-purity silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride by treating silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride contaminated by, at least, one hydrogen-containing compound with the help of cold plasma and differential distillation of treated phase. Treatment if carried out in plasma reactor 4 wherein lengthwise axes of dielectric 4.4, high-voltage electrode 4.3 and earthed metal heat exchanger 4.2 are directed parallel each other and, at the same time, with gravity vector. ^ EFFECT: higher efficiency of purification. ^ 25 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 419 484 (13) C2 (51) МПК B01J 19/08 (2006.01) C01B 33/107 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2008111871/05, 06.06.2006 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 06.06.2006 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Эвоник Дегусса ГмбХ (DE) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 30.08.2005 DE 102005041137.1 (72) Автор(ы): ЛАНГ Юрген (DE), НИКОЛАИ Райнер (CH), РАУЛЕДЕР Хартвиг (DE) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.10.2009 Бюл. № 28 2 4 1 9 4 8 4 (45) Опубликовано: 27.05.2011 Бюл. № 15 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: EP 1085075 A1, 21.03.2001. RU 2142909 C1, 20.12.1999. US 4372834 A, 08.02.1983. US 4309259 A, 17.09.1985. US 2004/0148860 A1, 05.08.2004. 2 4 1 9 4 8 4 R U (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2006/062916 (06.06.2006) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 31.03.2008 (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2007/025787 (08.03.2007) Адрес для переписки: 105064, Москва, а/я 88, "Патентные поверенные Квашнин, Сапельников и партнеры", пат.пов. В.П.Квашнину, рег.№ 4 (54) РЕАКТОР, УСТАНОВКА И ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА КРЕМНИЯ ИЛИ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА ГЕРМАНИЯ (57) Реферат: Изобретение ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЛОГЕНИРОВАННЫХ НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ЭТИЛЕНОВОГО РЯДА

... 1. Способ термического расщепления галогенированных алифатических углеводородов до галогенированных ненасыщенных углеводородов этиленового ряда в реакторе, который содержит реакторные трубы, проходящие через конвекционную и радиационную зону, расположенную вниз по потоку реакционных газов, с присоединенными перед ними трубами теплового удара, причем в радиационной зоне предусмотрены горелки для подвода тепловой энергии к трубам теплового удара и реакторным трубам, и расположенное за пределами реактора нагревательное устройство для нагревания галогенированного алифатического углеводорода, которое обогревается за счет энергии реакционных газов, выходящих из радиационной зоны, отличающийся тем, что: ! a) в реакторные трубы вводят химический активатор термического расщепления и/или в пределах реактора в реакторные трубы в одном или нескольких местах осуществляют локально ограниченный подвод энергии для стимулирования термического расщепления; ! b) количество химического активатора и/или интенсивность ...

ПЛАЗМЕННАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ПОВЕРХНОСТИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ БАРЬЕРНЫХ РАЗРЯДОВ

... 1. Способ обработки поверхности частиц порошка, содержащий: ! a) подачу порошкового материала в виде частиц в горелку диэлектрического барьерного разряда в сборе; ! b) модифицирование в полете свойств поверхности частиц в горелке диэлектрического барьерного разряда с получением частиц с обработанной поверхностью и ! c) сбор частиц с обработанной поверхностью. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором (b) содержит реагирование поверхности частиц с плазменным разрядом. ! 3. Способ по п.1, в котором (b) содержит создание материала покрытия посредством инжекции предшественника материала покрытия в горелку диэлектрического барьерного разряда в сборе и осаждение упомянутого материала покрытия на поверхность частиц с получением покрытых частиц. ! 4. Способ по п.2 или 3, в котором горелка диэлектрического барьерного разряда в сборе работает при атмосферных давлениях или в условиях низкого вакуума. ! 5. Способ по п.4, в котором частицы порошка выбирают из группы, состоящей из микрочастиц, наночастиц и их смесей ...

ПЛАЗМОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ГАЗООБРАЗНЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ В ЖИДКОЕ ТОПЛИВО

1. Система, содержащая:источник питания, предназначенный для генерации импульсов высокого напряжения;плазменный реактор со скользящим разрядом, содержащийвходной канал реактора, предназначенный для введения концентрированных газообразных углеводородов в реактор,первый выходной канал реактора, предназначенный для выведения жидкого углеводородного состава из реактора,второй выходной канал реактора, предназначенный для выведения газового продукта из реактора, и множество электродов первого рода, отделенного от множества электродов второго рода областью разряда; игазосепаратор, который сообщается с входным каналом реактора и который содержит:первый входной канал газосепаратора, предназначенный для введения потока исходного газа в газосепаратор;первый выходной канал газосепаратора, предназначенный для выведения концентрированного углеводородного состава из газосепаратора во входной канал реактора;при этом поток исходного газа состоит из разбавленных газообразных углеводородов.2. Система по п. 1, в которой разбавленные газообразные углеводороды состоят из углеводородного газа и разжижающего газа.3. Система по п. 2, в которой разжижающий газ состоит из азота.4. Система по п. 2, в которой газосепаратор состоит из мембраны для отделения разжижающего газа от потока исходного газа.5. Система по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая установку регенерации газа, которая состоит из первого входного канала установки регенерации газа, сообщаемого со вторым выходным каналом реактора и первым выходным каналом установки регенерации газа.6. Система, содержащая:источник питания, предназначенный для генерации импульсов высокого напряжени РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2014 140 241 A (51) МПК G21G 5/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2014140241, 04.03.2013 (71) Заявитель(и): ЭВОЭНЕРДЖИ, Эл-Эл-Си (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): НОВОСЁЛОВ Юрий (US) 09.03.2012 US 61/608,907 (85) Дата ...

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE DISTANCE OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN THE EXHAUST GAS OF AN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE

CONNECTION SURFACE

METHOD FOR OLIGOMERIZATION OF MOLECULES, DEVICE THEREFOR AND USE THEREOF

Method for producing unsaturated halogenic hydrocarbons and device suitable for use with said method

Binding surface

Apparatus and method for production of methanethiol

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas for producing a liquid fuel and hydrogen from a biomass or fossil coal

The invention relates to a system that uses thermal (heat-generating) solar energy coupled with microwaves and plasma for producing mainly carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2) from carbonated compounds (biomass, domestic waste, sludge from waste water, fossil coal), wherein the obtained gaseous mixture yields, amongst others, hydrocarbon fuels (olefins, paraffin), esters, and alcohols via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The invention comprises in a first step the roasting and pyrolysis of the carbonated compounds in order to produce char and dry coal on the one hand, and a mixture of superheated gases mainly containing CO2, steam, tars and non-condensable volatile materials; the method comprises in a second step, and from the pyrolyis products (char or coal, gas mixture), generating a syngas substantially containing a mixture of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen, said mixture being used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis units. After the Fischer-Tropsch step, the synthesis products are separated ...

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas for producing a liquid fuel and hydrogen from a biomass or fossil coal

Vortex water flow generator, water plasma generating device, decomposition treatment device, vehicle equipped with decomposition treatment device, and decomposition treatment method

The present invention makes it possible to achieve stabilization of a water plasma spray. Provided is a vortex water flow generator (160) that forms a vortex water flow (W) for an arc discharge to pass through. The vortex water flow generator is provided with: a cylindrical part (162) wherein the vortex water flow is formed along the inner periphery; a first intermediate divider (163) and a second intermediate divider (164) protruding from the inner periphery of the cylindrical part; a rear side divider (165) formed on the back end side of the cylindrical part; and a front side divider (166) formed at the front end side of the cylindrical part. Each divider is provided with an opening part (163a - 166a) that includes the center axis position (C1) of the cylindrical part. The opening shape for each opening part is formed with a different size. The surface of the negative electrode (71) side of the intermediate dividers and the front side divider is formed into a tapered surface (163b, 164b ...

ELECTRODE DISCHARGE, NON THERMAL PLASMA DEVICE (REACTOR) FOR THE PRE-TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION AIR

A device for the pre-treatment of combustion air by exposure to non-thermal plasma at substantially atmospheric pressure and a method for operating the same. The device includes an inner electrode (110) having a longitudinal channel defined therein to receive a fuel. An outer dielectric layer (145) is separated a predetermined distance from the inner electrode (110) so as to form a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma region (130) therebetween for receiving the combustion air (100) to be treated. The outer dielectric (145) has at least one opening (e.g., capillaries or slots) defined therethrough from which the non-thermal plasma is emitted. At least one outer electrode (e.g.,in shape of a pin or ring) is disposed in fluid communication with the at least one opening. The treated combustion air and fuel are combined in a mixing region (135). The pretreatment device may be disposed in an unsealed or a sealed combustion burner.

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF MEMBRANES THAT ARE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE TO HYDROGEN AND COMBUSTIBLE GAS PROCESSORS USING SAME

Une telle structure composite comprend un crayon de filtration relativement long comportant è partir de l'extérieur, une couche ultra-mince (26), sélectivement perméable à l'hydrogène, réalisée en alliage de palladium et d'argent, déposée sur un substrat réfractaire, rigide, perméable, constitué par un corps sensiblement plein (30), revêtu d'une couche mince intermédiaire (28), à surface relativement lisse. Le corps (30) et la couche intermédiaire (28) sont respectivement réalisés par frittage de grains d'Inconel fins et ultra-fins. Une armature axiale métallique rigide (32) est noyée dans le corps (30). Des veinules (31) réalisées dans le corps (30) par destruction de fils thermo-destructibles au cours du frittage, augmentent la perméabilité du substrat. L'invention s'applique notamment aux processeurs de gaz combustibles produisant de l'hydrogène.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING NOX FROM ENGINE EXHAUST GASES

A method and apparatus for removing nitrogen oxides from internal combustion engine exhaust emissions consisting of the operations of contacting the exhaust emissions with a non-thermal plasma (1) and a silver doped alumina catalyst (2) and then an indium-doped zeolite catalyst (3).

DECOMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS OR METHANE USING COLD ARC DISCHARGE

A cold arc discharge is used to decompose natural gas or methane into its gaseous constituents and carbon in the form of solid particles. The gaseous constituents obtained are mainly hydrogen and acetylene and they are produc ed in admixture with unreacted natural gas or methane. The cold arc discharg e is generated by a pulsating high voltage discharge imparted through a capa citor to a high voltage electrode or a plurality of high voltage electrodes or through a high voltage electrode to a plurality of capacitor- connected e lectrodes placed in a reaction zone. The apparatus for performing this proce ss may have a tubular reactor with a cylindrical ground electrode in the mid dle and a cylindrical outer wall through which the high voltage electrode or electrodes extend into the reaction zone. The apparatus may also have a cyl indrical shaft in the middle made of dielectric material in which a pluralit y of electrodes are embedded, this shaft being surrounded by a high voltage tubular ...

METHOD USING SOLAR ENERGY, MICROWAVES AND PLASMAS FOR PRODUCING A LIQUID FUEL AND HYDROGEN FROM A BIOMASS OR FOSSIL COAL

Cette invention consiste en un système permettant d'utiliser l'énergie thermique (calorifique) d'origine solaire couplée à des micro-ondes et des plasmas pour produire principalement du monoxyde de carbone (CO), du dihydrogène H2 à partir de composés carbonés (biomasse, ordures ménagères, boues provenant des eaux usées, charbon fossile), le mélange gazeux obtenu permet entre autres de produire des carburants de types hydrocarbures (oléfines paraffines), esters, alcools par une synthèse Fischer-Tropsch. L'invention permet dans une première étape la torréfaction et la pyrolyse de composés carbonés, afin de produire d'une part, du char ou du charbon sec et un mélange de gaz surchauffés contenant principalement du CO2, de la vapeur eau, des goudrons et des matières volatiles incondensables; dans une deuxième étape, à partir des produits de la pyrolyse (char ou charbon, mélange de gaz), le procédé permet de produire un syngaz,composé principalement d'un mélange de monoxyde de carbone et de dihydrogène ...

ENGINE HAS PLASMA, PROCEEDED FOR SA MANUFACTURE AND CONTROLLER OF the EMISSIONS Of a VEHICLE

Method for oligomerization, useful e.g. in preparation of pharmaceuticals or vaccines, by exposing monomers or oligomers to a cold plasma, also device for the method

Procédé d'oligomérisation de molécules caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet à un plasma froid ou à un effluent de plasma froid des monomères ou des oligomères de molécules ayant des groupements amine ou carboxyles libres ou susceptibles d'être créés et/ou libérées sous l'action du plasma, et utilisation dudit procédé.

DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GAS TREATMENT

EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR METANOTIOL PRODUCTION

SUBMERGED PLASMA GENERATOR, METHOD OF GENERATING PLASMA IN LIQUID AND METHOD OF DECOMPOSING TOXIC SUBSTANCE WITH PLASMA IN LIQUID

A submerged plasma generator comprising bubble forming means for forming bubbles in a liquid and an electromagnetic wave generator for radiating electromagnetic waves in a liquid, wherein plasma is generated by, while forming bubbles in a liquid, irradiating the bubbles with electromagnetic waves so that plasma which has high energy but is macroscopically of low temperature and which is safe and is easy to handle can be realized. The submerged plasma generator can be used in, for example, the formation of a film on a substrate and the decomposition of toxic substances such as dioxin.

CATALYTICALLY ACCELERATED GASEOUS PHASE REACTIONS

In a process for carrying out a reaction in the gaseous phase catalytically accelerated by anion or cations, the catalyst is introduced into the gaseous reaction mixture as a free anion or cation without the corresponding counter-ion, and at least substantially without solvent. The catalyst is activated in a solvent and then the solvent and the counter-ion are substantially removed before the catalyst is introduced into the reaction mixture. This process is particularly suitable for the production of polyolefins.

Plasma based trace metal removal apparatus and method

A system and method for the removal of metals such as mercury from a gas stream. The method involves contacting a gas stream containing the target metals with reactive chemical species generated in a plasma device. The metal to be removed is chemically converted into forms enabling capture in either conventional particulate removal devices or in a wet scrubber for the capture of a soluble chemical species.

Reactor, Plant And Industrial Process For The Continuous Preparation Of High-Purity Silicon Tetrachloride or High- Purity Germanium Tetrachloride

A reactor, a plant, and a continuous, industrial process carried out therein for preparing high-purity silicon tetrachloride or high-purity germanium tetrachloride by treating the silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride to be purified, which is contaminated by at least one hydrogen-containing compound, by a cold plasma and isolating purified high-purity silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride from the resulting treated phase by fractional distillation. The treatment is carried out in a plasma reactor in which longitudinal axes of a dielectric, of a high-voltage electrode, and of a grounded, metallic heat exchanger are oriented parallel to one another and at the same time parallel to the force vector of gravity.

Nanoparticles with grafted organic molecules

An apparatus for producing grafted Group IV nanoparticles is provided and includes a source of Group IV nanoparticles. A chamber is configured to carry the nanoparticles in a gas phase and has an inlet and an exit. The inlet configured to couple to an organic molecule source which is configured to provide organic molecules to the chamber. A plasma source is arranged to generate a plasma. The plasma causes the organic molecules to break down and/or activate in the chamber and bond to the nanoparticles. A method of producing grafted Group IV nanoparticles is also provided and includes receiving Group IV nanoparticles in a gas phase, creating a plasma with the nanoparticles, and allowing the organic molecules to break down and/or become activated in the plasma and bond with the nanoparticles.

Methods and Systems for Microwave Assisted Production of Graphitic Materials

Systems and methods for plasma based synthesis of graphitic materials. The system includes a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation, an interface element configured to transmit the plasma from the plasma forming zone to a reaction zone, and the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma. The reaction zone is further configured to receive feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and convert the feedstock material to a product comprising the graphitic materials in presence of the plasma.

CHEMICAL TRANSISTOR

УСТРОЙСТВО, СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ГАЗА

Группа изобретений относится к области фотокаталитической очистки газов и может быть использована для уничтожения органических загрязняющих веществ, присутствующих в воздухе. Устройство (1) для обработки газа содержит диэлектрический канал (2), содержащий: вход (Е) и выход (S) газа; установленную внутри канала (2) ультрафиолетовую лампу (3); электроды (4 и 5); съемный фотокаталитический элемент (6). Электрод (4) расположен на наружной стенке (22) канала (2). Электрод (5) расположен внутри канала (2). Фотокаталитический элемент (6) расположен на внутренней стенке (21) канала (2) и содержит подложку, на которой находится фотокатализатор. Электрод (5) образован спиральной металлической нитью, содержащей витки (51, 52, 53, 54), прижимающие фотокаталитический элемент (6) к внутренней стенке (21) канала (2). Система обработки газа содержит: устройство (1); электрические генераторы (8 и 9) переменного тока; средство создания разрежения. Генератор (8) питает лампу (3). Генератор (9) питает электроды ...

РЕАКТОР, УСТАНОВКА И ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА КРЕМНИЯ ИЛИ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА ГЕРМАНИЯ

... 1. Реактор для обработки тетрахлорида кремния или тетрахлорида германия, который загрязнен по меньшей мере одним водородсодержащим соединением, причем плазменный реактор (4) основан на корпусе реактора, высоковольтном питании и по меньшей мере одном микроблоке для плазменной обработки, который состоит, по существу, из заземленного металлического теплообменника (4.2), диэлектрика (4.4), перфорированной пластины, решетки или сетки (4.1) и электрода (4.3) высокого напряжения, при этом продольные оси диэлектрика (4.4), электрода (4.3) высокого напряжения и заземленного металлического теплообменника (4.2) ориентированы параллельно друг другу и одновременно параллельно направлению вектора силы тяготения. ! 2. Установка для получения высокочистого тетрахлорида кремния или тетрахлорида германия в реакторной системе (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) при помощи холодной плазмы и последующей перегонной установки (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) для перегонки обработанной фазы, причем плазменный реактор (4) основан ...

УСТРОЙСТВО, СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ГАЗА

... 1. Устройство (1) обработки газа, содержащее диэлектрический канал (2), имеющий вход (E) и выход (S) газа, расположенную внутри канала (2) лампу (3), выполненную с возможностью генерировать, по меньшей мере, частично ультрафиолетовое излучение (УФ), первый электрод (4), расположенный на наружной стенке (22) канала (2), второй электрод (5), расположенный внутри канала (2), и съемный фотокаталитический элемент (6), установленный на внутренней стенке (21) канала (2) и содержащий подложку с расположенным на ней фотокатализатором, отличающееся тем, что второй электрод (5) образован спиральной металлической нитью, содержащей витки (51, 52, 53, 54), выполненные с возможностью прижатия фотокаталитического элемента (6) к внутренней стенке (21) канала (2).2. Устройство (1) по п.1, отличающееся тем, что фотокаталитический элемент (6) выполнен в виде гибкого листа.3. Устройство (1) по п.1, отличающееся тем, что лампа (3) находится внутри кварцевой трубки (7).4. Устройство (1) по п.2, отличающееся тем ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ОБРАБОТКИ ГАЗА И СПОСОБ ЕГО СБОРКИ, СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОКИ ГАЗА

... 1. Устройство (1) обработки газа, содержащее камеру (2), разделенную на несколько каналов (A, B, C, D, E, F), каждый из которых имеет вход () и выход () газа, при этом в каждом канале (A-F) расположена, по меньшей мере, одна лампа (4), генерирующая фотонное излучение (PH), в частности, ультрафиолетовое излучение, при этом каждый канал (A-F) ограничен двумя перегородками (7.1, 7.2), каждая из которых содержит:- диэлектрическую стенку (71.1, 71.2),- фотокаталитический элемент (72.1, 72.2), расположенный напротив диэлектрической стенки (71.1, 71.2) со стороны канала (A-F) и содержащий подложку, на которой находится фотокатализатор,- первый электрод (73.1, 73.2), расположенный напротив фотокаталитического элемента (72.1, 72.2), и- второй электрод (70), расположенный напротив диэлектрической стенки (71.1, 71.2).2. Устройство (1) по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что каждый канал (A-F) имеет удлиненное поперечное сечение, при этом вдоль каждого канала (A-F) расположены несколько ламп (4), каждая из ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЖИДКОГО ТОПЛИВА И ВОДОРОДА ИЗ БИОМАССЫ ИЛИ ИСКОПАЕМОГО УГЛЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ, МИКРОВОЛН И ПЛАЗМЫ

... 1. Процесс газификации углеродосодержащих соединений для производства синтетического газа, содержащего, главным образом, СО и Н2, отличающийся тем, что содержит ! A) первый этап пиролиза соединений с преобразованием в древесный уголь и пиролизный газ в солнечном микроволновом реакторе, вызванный нагревом соединений, содержащихся в указанном солнечном микроволновом реакторе, под действием синергетической тепловой энергии, образующейся одновременно в результате нагрева стенок реактора благодаря, концентрации солнечного излучения на поверхности указанных стенок вследствие собирания или отражения и в результате действия микроволн, подаваемых непосредственно внутрь реактора и соединений, и ! B) второй этап преобразования древесного угля и пиролизного газа, поступающего из солнечного микроволнового реактора, главным образом, в СО и Н2 посредством химических окислительно-восстановительных реакций, протекающих в циклонном реакторе, причем указанный циклонный реактор обеспечивает формирование газовой ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ ГАЛОГЕНСОДЕРЖАЩИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ, А ТАКЖЕ ПРИГОДНОЕ ДЛЯ ЭТОГО УСТРОЙСТВО

ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) 2004 135 106 (13) A C 07 C 17/25 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÇÀßÂÊÀ ÍÀ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈÅ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2004135106/04, 30.04.2003 (71) Çà âèòåëü(è): ÓÄÅ ÃÌÁÕ (DE) (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 02.05.2002 DE 10219723.7 (74) Ïàòåíòíûé ïîâåðåííûé: Åãîðîâà Ãàëèíà Áîðèñîâíà Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Ã.Á. Åãîðîâîé (54) ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈß ÍÅÍÀÑÛÙÅÍÍÛÕ ÃÀËÎÃÅÍÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÙÈÕ ÓÃËÅÂÎÄÎÐÎÄÎÂ, À R U Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Ñïîñîá ïîëó÷åíè ýòèëåííåíàñûùåííûõ ãàëîãåíñîäåðæàùèõ àëèôàòè÷åñêèõ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ ïóòåì òåðìè÷åñêîãî ðàñùåïëåíè íàñûùåííûõ ãàëîãåíñîäåðæàùèõ àëèôàòè÷åñêèõ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ, âêëþ÷àþùèé ñëåäóþùèå ñòàäèè: à) ââåäåíèå èñõîäíîãî ãàçîâîãî ïîòîêà, ñîäåðæàùåãî íàãðåòûé ãàçîîáðàçíûé ãàëîãåíñîäåðæàùèé àëèôàòè÷åñêèé óãëåâîäîðîä, â ðåàêòîð, âî âíóòðåííåå ïðîñòðàíñòâî êîòîðîãî âõîäèò, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, îäíà ïîäâîä ùà ëèíè äë ãàçà; b) ââåäåíèå íàãðåòîãî ãàçà, êîòîðûé ñîäåðæèò ðàäèêàëû, îáðàçóþùèåñ çà ñ÷åò òåðìè÷åñêîãî èëè íåòåðìè÷åñêîãî ðàçëîæåíè ðàñùåïë þùèõñ ïðîìîòîðîâ, ÷åðåç, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, îäíó ïîäâîä ùóþ ëèíèþ, âõîä ùóþ â ðåàêòîð, ïðè÷åì íàãðåòûé ãàç, â ñëó÷àå îáðàçîâàíè ðàäèêàëîâ çà ñ÷åò òåðìè÷åñêîãî ðàçëîæåíè , èìååò, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, òåìïåðàòóðó, êîòîðà ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òåìïåðàòóðå ðåàêöèîííîé ñìåñè â ðåàêòîðå, ïðåîáëàäàþùåé â ìåñòå âõîäà ïîäâîä ùåé ëèíèè, è íàãðåòûé ãàç, â ñëó÷àå îáðàçîâàíè ðàäèêàëîâ ïóòåì íåòåðìè÷åñêîãî ðàçëîæåíè , èìååò, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, òåìïåðàòóðó, êîòîðà ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òåìïåðàòóðå òî÷êè ðîñû ðåàêöèîííîé ñìåñè â ìåñòå âõîäà ïîäâîä ùåé ëèíèè â ðåàêòîð; è ñ) ïîääåðæàíèå òàêîãî äàâëåíè è òàêîé òåìïåðàòóðû âî âíóòðåííåé ÷àñòè ðåàêòîðà, ÷òîáû çà ñ÷åò òåðìè÷åñêîãî ðàñùåïëåíè ãàëîãåíñîäåðæàùåãî àëèôàòè÷åñêîãî óãëåâîäîðîäà îáðàçîâûâàëèñü ãàëîãåíâîäîðîä è ýòèëåííåíàñûùåííûé ãàëîãåíñîäåðæàùèé àëèôàòè÷åñêèé óãëåâîäîðîä, ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî â ñëó÷àå îáðàçîâàíè ðàäèêàëîâ çà ñ÷åò òåðìè÷åñêîãî ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von ethylenisch ungesättigten halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen

Verfahren zur thermischen Spaltung von halogenierten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen zu ethylenisch ungesättigten halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen in einem Reaktor, der durch eine Konvektionszone und durch eine in Strömungsrichtung des Reaktionsgases stromabwärts angeordnete Strahlungszone verlaufende Reaktionsrohre mit vorgeschalteten Schockrohren umfasst, wobei in der Strahlungszone Brenner vorgesehen sind, um den Schock- und Reaktionsrohren thermische Energie zuzuführen, und der eine außerhalb des Reaktors angeordnete Erhitzungsvorrichtung für den halogenierten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoff umfasst, welche mit dem Energieinhalt der aus der Strahlungs-zone austretenden Reaktionsgase beheizt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a) den Reaktionsrohren ein chemischer Promotor für die thermische Spaltung zugeführt wird und/oder innerhalb des Reaktors an ein oder mehreren Stellen eine lokal begrenzte Energiezufuhr zur Förderung der thermischen Spaltung in die Reaktionsrohre erfolgt b) die ...

Nicht-thermischer Plasmareaktor mit verminderten Stromverbrauch

Apparatus for treating a gas stream

PROCEDURE FOR THE CLEANING OF WASSERSTOFFVERBINDUNGEN CONTAINING SILICON TETRACHLORIDE OR GERMANIUM TETRACHLORIDE

PROCEDURE USING SOLAR POWER, MICROWAVES AND PLASMATA FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A LIQUID FUEL AND FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM A BIOMASS OR FROM FOSSIL COAL

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE AND ACRYLONITRILE WITH SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY OF HYDROGEN

Plasma activated water

A thermal and non-thermal plasma activated water reactor system is provided that includes a reaction chamber, where the reaction chamber includes a gas inlet, a water inlet, a gas and water outlet, a ground electrode and reaction electrodes, where the water inlet and the water outlet are disposed to form a water vortex in the reaction chamber when water flows there through, where the reaction electrodes include a thermal plasma electrode and a non-thermal plasma electrode, and a plasma activated water reservoir that is disposed to receive the plasma activated water from the reaction chamber and disposed to return the plasma activated water to the reaction chamber.

Plasma activated water

A thermal and non-thermal plasma activated water reactor system is provided that includes a reaction chamber, where the reaction chamber includes a gas inlet, a water inlet, a gas and water outlet, a ground electrode and reaction electrodes, where the water inlet and the water outlet are disposed to form a water vortex in the reaction chamber when water flows there through, where the reaction electrodes include a thermal plasma electrode and a non-thermal plasma electrode, and a plasma activated water reservoir that is disposed to receive the plasma activated water from the reaction chamber and disposed to return the plasma activated water to the reaction chamber.

DECOMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS OR METHANE USING COLD ARC DISCHARGE

A cold arc discharge is used to decompose natural gas or methane into its gaseous constituents and carbon in the form of solid particles. The gaseous constituents obtained are mainly hydrogen and acetylene and they are produced in admixture with unreacted natural gas or methane. The cold arc discharge is generated by a pulsating high voltage discharge imparted through a capacitor to a high voltage electrode or a plurality of high voltage electrodes or through a high voltage electrode to a plurality of capacitor- connected electrodes placed in a reaction zone. The apparatus for performing this process may have a tubular reactor with a cylindrical ground electrode in the middle and a cylindrical outer wall through which the high voltage electrode or electrodes extend into the reaction zone. The apparatus may also have a cylindrical shaft in the middle made of dielectric material in which a plurality of electrodes are embedded, this shaft being surrounded by a high voltage tubular electrode ...

CONVERSION OF METHANE AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN NON-THERMAL SILENT AND PULSED CORONA DISCHARGE REACTORS

A method for producing hydrogen (18) from raw feed gases (12). The method comprises providing a reactor (14), positioning reactor walls (16) within the reactor (14), introducing the raw feed gases (12) into the reactor (14), and reacting the raw feed gases (12) within the reactor (14) to produce hydrogen (18). An apparatus (10) for the production of hydrogen (18) using a reactor (14) is also provided.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PLASMA-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF MATERIALS

The invention relates to methods and devices for the plasma-catalytic conversion of materials in order to produce chemical base materials. Plasma-assisted methods have been used primarily for purifying exhaust gases or processing materials, but until now said methods have rarely been useful in chemical synthesizing processes. The novel methods and devices allow a plurality of chemical processes to be carried out in a plasma-catalytic manner in order to produce chemical base materials from simple raw materials (for example methane and biogas) with an improved selectivity and energy balance. A hydrocarbon-containing starting material or another starting material is reacted under the effect of a plasma in order to produce chemical base materials, whereby a chemical base material is obtained, or such a starting material is converted into an intermediate product in a first step under the effect of a plasma, said intermediate product being converted into the desired base material in a subsequent ...

PROCESS USING THERMAL ENERGY SOLAR COUPLEE HAS PLASMAS TO PRODUCE a LIQUID FUEL AND DIHYDROGENE FROM BIOMASS OR OF FOSSIL COAL (PROCESS P-SL AND P-SH)

A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves; and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with superimposed or nested cyclone units, heated directly by microwaves. A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using a synergistic combination of thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation concentrated, by convergence or reflection, onto the wall surfaces and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves directed into the reactor interior and (I); and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with at least two superimposed or nested cyclone units, in which (i) a gaseous vortex entrains and oxidizes particles of (III) utilizing combustion of (IV) or an additional gas, (ii) heated gas (or gaseous mixture) is injected into the cyclone components and (iii) gas present in the reactor is heated by microwaves directed into the reactor.

REACTOR FOR THE CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Gasifying carbon compounds, e.g. biomass, to produce synthesis gas for conversion into fuels, by pyrolysis in solar-microwave reactor followed by conversion in cyclone reactor

Cette invention consiste en un système permettant d'utiliser l'énergie calorifique d'origine solaire couplée à des plasmas pour produire du monoxyde de carbone (CO), du dihydrogène H2 ou des alcools à partir de biomasse et ou de charbon fossile, afin de produire des carburants de types hydrocarbures (oléfines paraffines), esters et du dihydrogène (H2). L'invention décrit un procédé et des réacteurs combinant des fours solaires, divers procédés de production de plasma (à initiation électrique, optique ou par micro-ondes), des unités de gazéification de char ou de charbon fossile. L'invention permet d'une part la torréfaction et la pyrolyse de matière première (biomasse ou charbon fossile), afin de produire d'une part, du char ou du charbon sec et un mélange de gaz surchauffés contenant principalement du CO2, de la vapeur eau, des goudrons et des matières volatiles incondensables ; d'autre part, à partir des produits de la pyrolyse (char ou charbon, mélange de gaz surchauffés), le procédé ...

REACTOR, PLANT AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF HIGH-PURITY SILICON TETRACHLORIDE OR HIGH-PURITY GERMANIUM TETRACHLORIDE

The invention relates to a reactor, a plant and a continuous, industrial process carried out therein for preparing high-purity silicon tetrachloride or high-purity germanium tetrachloride by treating the silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride to be purified, which is contaminated by at least one hydrogen-containing compound, by means of a cold plasma and isolating purified high-purity silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride from the resulting treated phase by fractional distillation, wherein the treatment is carried out in a plasma reactor (4) in which the longitudinal axes of the dielectric (4.4), of the high-voltage electrode (4.3) and of the earthed, metallic heat exchanger (4.2) are oriented parallel to one another and at the same time parallel to the force vector of gravity. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING SILICON NANOPOWDER AND RF HEAT PLASMA APPARATUS FOR PREPARING SILICON NANOPOWDER

The present invention relates to a method for preparing silicon nanopowder with a selected particle size under the optimized conditions of location and flow of cooling gas injection, and a RF heat plasma apparatus for preparing silicon nanopowder. The method for preparing silicon nanopowder comprises the steps of: 1) supplying a RF heat plasma-generating gas to a RF heat plasma apparatus to generate RF heat plasma; 2) injecting a cooling gas through a cooling device in the direction opposite to the direction of injecting the RF heat plasma-generating gas in step 1); and 3) supplying silicon powder to the RF heat plasma generated in step 1) to carry out vaporization and cooling. In addition, the RF heat plasma apparatus for preparing silicon nanopowder comprises: a torch for generating heat plasma; a reactor extended in the direction of flow of the heat plasma generated from the torch; a feed supplying device for injecting silicon powder to the heat plasma; and a cooling device for injecting ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NON-THERMAL PASTEURIZATION OF LIVING-MAMMAL-INSTILLABLE LIQUIDS

A non-thermal plasma reactor (1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 2200, 2300, 2600, 2700, 2800) is provided for treating a liquid (1508) with non-thermal plasma species. The reactor includes a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, a reaction volume (1522, 2222, 2612, 2712) between the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet and at least one non-thermal plasma electrode (1524, 2206, 2210, 2604, 2610, 2704, 2706) adjacent to the reaction volume (1522, 2222, 2612, 2712). The non-thermal plasma electrode (1524, 2206, 2210, 2604, 2610, 2704, 2706) is isolated physically and electrically from the flow path by a dielectric barrier (1526, 2208, 2302. 2606, 2608, 2708, 2710, 2804, 2806).

Non-thermal disinfection of biological fluids using non-thermal plasma

A method and apparatus are provided for at least partially disinfecting biological fluid of a mammal, which comprises pathogens in addition to normal cellular fractions. The method includes placing the biological fluid in a reaction volume and contacting a non-thermal plasma with the biological fluid to thereby kill at least a portion of the pathogens within the biological fluid.

Method and apparatus for non-thermal pasteurization

A method and apparatus are provided for at least partially sterilizing a liquid that has pathogens living in the liquid. The liquid comprising living pathogens is placed in a reaction volume, and a non-thermal plasma is generated within the reaction volume to thereby kill at least a portion of the pathogens within the liquid.

Reactor, plant and industrial process for the continuous preparation of high-purity silicon tetrachloride or high-purity germanium tetrachloride

A reactor, a plant, and a continuous, industrial process carried out therein for preparing high-purity silicon tetrachloride or high-purity germanium tetrachloride by treating the silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride to be purified, which is contaminated by at least one hydrogen-containing compound, by a cold plasma and isolating purified high-purity silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride from the resulting treated phase by fractional distillation. The treatment is carried out in a plasma reactor in which longitudinal axes of a dielectric, of a high-voltage electrode, and of a grounded, metallic heat exchanger are oriented parallel to one another and at the same time parallel to the force vector of gravity.

УСТРОЙСТВО ОБРАБОТКИ ГАЗА И СПОСОБ ЕГО СБОРКИ, СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОКИ ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к устройству обработки газа, содержащему камеру, разделенную на несколько каналов (A, B, C, D, E, F), каждый из которых имеет вход () и выход () газа. При этом в каждом канале (A-F) расположена по меньшей мере одна лампа, генерирующая фотонное излучение (PH), в частности ультрафиолетовое излучение, при этом каждый канал (A-F) ограничен двумя перегородками, каждая из которых содержит: диэлектрическую стенку, фотокаталитический элемент, расположенный напротив диэлектрической стенки со стороны канала (A-F) и содержащий подложку, на которой находится фотокатализатор, первый электрод, расположенный напротив фотокаталитического элемента, и второй электрод, расположенный напротив диэлектрической стенки. Также изобретение относится к способу сборки устройства, системе обработки газов и способу обработки газов. Предложенное изобретение комбинирует действие ультрафиолетового излучения на фотокатализатор и холодной поверхностной плазмы. 4 н. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

Patent RU2018137498A3

ВИ“? 2018137498” АЗ Дата публикации: 18.06.2020 Форма № 18 ИЗ,ПМ-2011 Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение ж 5 «Федеральный институт промышленной собственности» (ФИПС) ОТЧЕТ О ПОИСКЕ 1. . ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАЯВКИ Регистрационный номер Дата подачи 2018137498/14(062148) 27.03.2017 РСТЛО52017/024331 27.03.2017 Приоритет установлен по дате: [ ] подачи заявки [ ] поступления дополнительных материалов от к ранее поданной заявке № [ ] приоритета по первоначальной заявке № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи первоначальной заявки № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи ранее поданной заявки № [Х] подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) в государстве-участнике Парижской конвенции (31) Номер первой(ых) заявки(ок) (32) Дата подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) (33) Код страны 1. 62/313,529 25.03.2016 05 Название изобретения (полезной модели): [Х] - как заявлено; [ ] - уточненное (см. Примечания) СИСТЕМЫ ДОСТАВКИ И СПОСОБЫ ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАЗМЕННОГО СИНТЕЗА ОКСИДА АЗОТА Заявитель: ДЗЕ ДЖЕНЕРАЛ ХОСПИТАЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН, 10$ 2. ЕДИНСТВО ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ [Х] соблюдено [ ] не соблюдено. Пояснения: см. Примечания 3. ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ: [Х] приняты во внимание все пункты (см. Примечания) [ ] приняты во внимание следующие пункты: [ ] принята во внимание измененная формула изобретения (см. Примечания) 4. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ (ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ) (Указываются индексы МПК и индикатор текущей версии) А61М 16/10 (2006.01) А61М 16/04 (2006.01) 5. ОБЛАСТЬ ПОИСКА 5.1 Проверенный минимум документации РСТ (указывается индексами МПК) Аб1М 16/10, Аб1М 16/04 5.2 Другая проверенная документация в той мере, в какой она включена в поисковые подборки: 5.3 Электронные базы данных, использованные при поиске (название базы, и если, возможно, поисковые термины): СТРО, СМГРА, РЕРАТ пе, ОУ\УРТ, Е-Глбгагу, ЕАРАТТУ, Езрасепе, Соозе, /]-Р]а(Рав, КРВ5, РАТЕМТЗСОРЕ, Ра ЗеагсВ, РиБМеа, КОРТО, $5СОРО$, ОРТО 6. ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ПРЕДМЕТУ ПОИСКА ...

ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГАЗА В ЖИДКОЕ ТОПЛИВО

... 1. Способ, согласно которому:вводят газообразный углеводород в реактор, содержащий:первые электроды, каждый из которых индивидуально соединен с импульсным высоковольтным источником энергии;вторые электроды, которые являются заземленными; ижелоб;причем первые электроды отделены от вторых электродов разрядной областью,вводят в желоб жидкий сорбент,генерируют нетепловой повторяющийся импульсный скользящий разряд в разрядной области иполучают жидкий углеводородный состав.2. Способ по п.1, согласно которому уровень жидкого сорбента в реакторе поддерживают в непосредственной близости к разрядной области.3. Способ по п.1, согласно которому длительность одиночного импульса в реакторе на основе нетеплового повторяющегося импульсного разряда в газе составляет меньше 100 нс.4. Способ по п.1, согласно которому напряженность электрического поля в реакторе на основе нетеплового повторяющегося импульсного разряда в газе составляет меньше 8 кВ/см.5. Способ по п.1, согласно которому удельная энергия плазмы ...

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR ENTFERNUNG VON STICKOXIDEN IM ABGAS EINER BRENNKRAFTMASCHINE

Non-thermal plasma reactor with filter

A reactor for non-thermal plasma assisted treatment of a gaseous medium incorporates at least one electrically conducting mesh filter element positioned so that gaseous medium passes therethrough. At least one dielectric barrier layer provides for a dielectric barrier type discharge, when an electrical power supply is connected to the electrodes to generate the plasma.

Binding surface

A reactor for plasma assisted treatment of gaseous media

CATALYTICALLY ACCELERATED GASEOUS PHASE REACTIONS

Power generation system based on gasification of combustible material

PLASMA TREATMENT WITHIN DIELECTRIC FLUIDS

PLASMA SURFACE TREATMENT USING DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES

A process for the in-flight surface treatment of powders using a Dielectr ic Barrier Discharge Torch operating at atmospheric pressures or soft vacuum conditions is described herein. The process comprising feeding a powder mat erial into the Dielectric Barrier Discharge Torch yielding powder particles exhibiting a reduced powder agglomeration feature; in-flight modifying the s urface properties of the particles; and collecting coated powder particles. An apparatus for surface treating micro- and nanoparticles comprising a Diel ectric Barrier Discharge Torch operating at atmospheric pressure or soft vac uum conditions is also described herein.

PLASMA POLYMERISATION APPARATUS

Plasma polymerisation apparatus is disclosed including a reaction zone and at least one gas inlet for supplying at least one monomer in a gaseous form to the reaction zone, a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart and configured to generate an electric field in the reaction zone to form plasma polymer nanoparticulate material from the at least one monomer, a plurality of collectors configured to collect plasma-polymer nanoparticulate material formed in the reaction zone, the plurality of collectors being located adjacent the second electrode, and a cooling device located adjacent the second electrode and configured to cool the plurality of collectors. Also disclosed is plasma polymerisation apparatus that includes a confinement grid extending between a first electrode and a second electrode of the apparatus.

FREE RADICAL GENERATOR AND METHODS OF USE

Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NON-THERMAL PASTEURIZATION

A method and apparatus (100, 200, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) are provided for at least partially sterilizing a liquid that has pathogens living in the liquid. The liquid comprising living pathogens is placed in a reaction volume (106, 506, 1026), and a non-thermal plasma is generated within the reaction volume (106, 506, 1026) to thereby kill at least a portion of the pathogens within the liquid.

AIR PURIFICATION DEVICES

可燃物气化发电系统

本发明提供了一种在预定温度如400～1000℃下气化可燃物，如可燃性废弃物或煤的低温气化炉(2)，再将所生成的气体供给燃料电池(6)进行发电。低温气化炉优选包括流化床气化炉。

PLASMA REACTOR COLD ROTATING AND FORCING FLOW

L'invention concerne un réacteur pour la formation d'un plasma dans un fluide en circulation, comprenant : une tige centrale (21) appartenant à une première électrode ; un isolateur (23) ; un corps tubulaire (22) appartenant à une seconde électrode ; un espace cylindrique (28) pour la circulation du fluide entre le corps tubulaire (22) et l'isolateur (23) ; un disque de contrôle (4) ayant une face avant reliée à une extrémité aval (25) de la tige centrale ; un aimant permanent (3) plaqué contre une face arrière du disque de contrôle ; une ou plusieurs nervures (45) étant ménagées sur la face avant (40) du disque de contrôle selon un motif en relief définissant des pointes successives de départ d'arc électrique réparties autour de l'axe central (1) du réacteur de façon à générer des arcs électriques situés sur un cône de réaction (6) et apparaissant comme tournant autour de l'axe central (1). De préférence, le réacteur est fabriqué à partir d'une bougie d'allumage 2 traditionnelle d'un véhicule ...

FLUIDIZED BED CATALYTIC REACTOR HAVING A PLASMA GENERATION AREA

PLASMA CHEMICAL DEVICE FOR CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBON GASES TO LIQUID FUEL

A system with a non-thermal, repetitively-pulsed gliding discharge reactor for converting gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid fuels efficiently. The system optionally contains a gas separator for removing non-hydrocarbon components from the gaseous hydrocarbon feed to improve efficiency of the system. The system may optionally reclaim hydrogen gas from the product gas for storage, transportation or power generation.

PLASMA CHEMICAL DEVICE FOR CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBON GASES TO LIQUID FUEL

A system with a non-thermal, repetitively-pulsed gliding discharge reactor for converting gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid fuels efficiently. The system optionally contains a gas separator for removing non-hydrocarbon components from the gaseous hydrocarbon feed to improve efficiency of the system. The system may optionally reclaim hydrogen gas from the product gas for storage, transportation or power generation.

LAMINATED CO-FIRED SANDWICHED ELEMENT FOR NON-THERMAL PLASMA REACTOR

A method for preparing a non-thermal plasma reactor substrate (160) includes disposing electrical vias (110) on green stage first and second ceramic plates (100), (144); filling the electrical vias (11) with conductive material; and forming electrical contact via cover pads (130); disposing conductive material on the first ceramic plate (100) to form an electrode plate (126) having a main electrode portion (124) and a terminal lead (127) for electrically connecting the main electrode portion (124) to the electrical vias (110); laminating the electrode plate (126) and the second ceramic plate (144) together, embedding the electrode (124) therebetween; co-firing the plates (126), (144) to form a laminated co-fired embedded-conductor element (148); stacking a plurality of the laminated co-fired embedded-conductor elements 148 to form a multi-cell stack (160), the filled electrical vias (110) aligning in the stack (160) to provide an electrical bus for connecting alternating elements (148) ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NON-THERMAL PASTEURIZATION

A method and apparatus (100, 200, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) are provided for at least partially sterilizing a liquid that has pathogens living in the liquid. The liquid comprising living pathogens is placed in a reaction volume (106, 506, 1026), and a non-thermal plasma is generated within the reaction volume (106, 506, 1026) to thereby kill at least a portion of the pathogens within the liquid.

Substance modifying device and air conditioner

A substance modifying device for modifying a substance in order to reduce a bioinvasive reaction of the substance having a nanostructure, characterized by comprising plasma discharging means for discharging plasma, wherein a substance having a nanostructure is made to contact an active species which is generated through plasma discharge using the plasma discharging means and is diffused from between positive and negative electrodes of the plasma discharging means, and thus, the nanostructure of the substance is eliminated.

SUBMERGED PLASMA GENERATOR, METHOD OF GENERATING PLASMA IN LIQUID AND METHOD OF DECOMPOSING TOXIC SUBSTANCE WITH PLASMA IN LIQUID

A submerged plasma generator comprising bubble forming means for forming bubbles in a liquid and an electromagnetic wave generator for radiating electromagnetic waves in a liquid, wherein plasma is generated by, while forming bubbles in a liquid, irradiating the bubbles with electromagnetic waves so that plasma which has high energy but is macroscopically of low temperature and which is safe and is easy to handle can be realized. The submerged plasma generator can be used in, for example, the formation of a film on a substrate and the decomposition of toxic substances such as dioxin.

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF MEMBRANES THAT ARE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE TO HYDROGEN AND COMBUSTIBLE GAS PROCESSORS USING SAME

The invention relates to a composite structure consisting of a relatively long filtration bar comprising, from the outside, an ultra-thin layer (26) that is selectively permeable to hydrogen and made from palladium or silver alloy. Said layer is disposed on a permeable, rigid, refractory substrate consisting of a more or less solid body (30) that is covered with an intermediary thin layer (28) having a relatively smooth surface. The body (30) and the intermediary layer (28) are made respectively by sintering with fine and ultra-fine Inconel grains. A rigid metallic axial structure (32) is embedded in the body (30). Veinlets (31), which are made in the body (30) through the destruction of thermo-destructible wires during sintering, increase the permeability of the substrate. The invention is particularly applicable to hydrogen-producing combustible gas processors.

CATALYST REACTOR FOR TREATING HARMFUL GAS USING LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA AND DIELECTRIC HEAT AND TREATMENT METHOD FOR HARMFUL GAS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a harmful gas treating reactor capable of enhancing a harmful gas removing ratio and the selectivity of a reaction process by using the dielectric heat due to low temperature plasma and a catalyst at the same time, and a treatment method for harmful gas. SOLUTION: The harmful gas treating reactor consists of a body having predetermined internal volume, a large number of flat plate electrodes arranged to the body in parallel at a constant interval so that an AC power supply is connected to one flat plate electrode continuously and alternately and an earth is connected to other one adjacent flat plate electrode and a power supply apparatus for applying voltage of AC frequency to the respective flat plate electrodes. The harmful treatment method using the reactor includes a step for providing the reactor to a harmful gas treatment apparatus, a step for applying AC voltage of AC frequency to the respective flat plate electrodes of the reactor to generate low ...

ПЛАЗМЕННАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ПОВЕРХНОСТИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ БАРЬЕРНЫХ РАЗРЯДОВ

FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: method involves supply of powder material in the form of particles to burner of dielectric barrier discharge assembly and modification of properties of particle surface in flight. Device for the method's implementation includes burner of dielectric barrier discharge. Burner includes electrode structure containing shell electrode having a couple of semi-cylindrical electrodes, inlet for supply to the above burner of plasma gas, inlet for supply to the above burner of powder material in the form of particles and discharge chamber for treatment of the above powder material in the form of particles. Besides, the above discharge chamber includes the above electrode structure located on its external surface. Plasma discharge is created by passing plasma-forming gas through the above discharge chamber. EFFECT: enlarging manufacturing capabilities of the method and the device. 31 cl, 26 dwg, 7 tbl

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЖИДКОГО ТОПЛИВА И ВОДОРОДА ИЗ БИОМАССЫ ИЛИ ИСКОПАЕМОГО УГЛЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ, МИКРОВОЛН И ПЛАЗМЫ

Изобретение относится к системе, использующей тепловую энергию солнечного происхождения совместно с микроволнами и плазмами для получения, главным образом, моноксида углерода (СО) и водорода (Н2) из углеродных соединений (биомассы, бытовых отходов, осадка сточных вод, ископаемого угля). Получаемая газовая смесь позволяет получить, кроме прочего, жидкое топливо, сложные эфиры и спирты посредством синтеза Фишера-Тропша. Изобретение позволяет осуществить на первом этапе высушку и пиролиз углеродных соединений для получения сухого древесного или каменного угля и смеси перегретых газов, содержащих, главным образом, СO2, водяной пар, смолы и неконденсирующиеся летучие вещества; на втором этапе из продуктов пиролиза получают синтетический газ, содержащий, главным образом, смесь моноксида углерода и водорода, используемую в дальнейшем в установках для синтеза Фишера-Тропша. Далее продукты синтеза разделяются посредством дистилляционной колонны после нагревания в солнечных печах или смешанных солнечно-микроволновых ...

VORTEX WATER FLOW GENERATOR, WATER PLASMA GENERATOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR MOUNTED VEHICLE, AND DECOMPOSITION METHOD

A vortex water generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference; first middle partition and second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion, a rear partition formed in a rear end side of the cylindrical portion, and a front partition provided in a front end side of the cylindrical portion. Each partition has an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. Each opening has a different opening shape in size. The middle partition and the front partition have negative electrode side surfaces formed by tapered surfaces receding from the negative electrode as close to the center axis line. Arc-shaped beveled portions are formed between the tapered surfaces and inner circumferential surfaces of the openings. 1. A vortex water flow generator placed between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of a water plasma generator that injects a water plasma , the water plasma becoming a jet stream by dissociating or ionizing water to form a vortex water flow having a cavity for passing are discharge generated between the negative and positive electrodes , the vortex water flow generator comprising:a cylindrical portion configured to form the vortex water flow along an inner circumference;a middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion;a one-end-side partition disposed in one end side of the cylindrical portion to face the negative electrode; andthe-other-end-side partition disposed in the other end side of the cylindrical portion,wherein each of the partitions has an opening in a position including a center axis line of the cylindrical portion, the openings having different opening shapes in size,the middle partition and the-other-end-side partition have surfaces at the negative electrode side, the surfaces being formed by ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN MICROORGANISMS

The present invention discloses a method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism. The aforementioned method comprises steps of: (a) providing a system for administering modified plasma; (b) providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and (c) administering the generated modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said substrate hosting said at least one microorganism to provide said at least one biological effect to said at least one microorganism. The present invention further provides a system thereof. 1. A method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism , wherein said method comprises steps of: i. a non-thermal plasma (NTP) emitting source for emitting a NTP beam;', 'ii. a plasma coupling mechanism (PCM), said PCM comprises a plasma beam dish having at least one opening for the passage of said NTP beam; said plasma beam dish having a first surface and a second opposite surface; said first surface of said plasma beam dish is mounted with at least one coupling element selected from a group consisting of: 1. at least one ferroelectric element for providing a ferroelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 2. at least one ferromagnetic element for providing a ferromagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 3. at least one piezoelectric element for providing a piezoelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; and 4. at least one piezomagnetic element for providing a piezomagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; said system additionally comprises at least one reflecting element configured to focus said NTP beam thereby generating modified plasma beam;, 'a. providing a system for administering modified plasma, said system comprisesb. providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and,c. administering said modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said at least one microorganism hosted in ...

Reactor for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

The present invention concerns a reactor for the conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol comprising a support made from an electrically and thermally conductive material, forming the wall or walls of at least one longitudinal channel that passes through the support and also acting as the cathode of the reactor, at least one wire electrode forming an anode of the reactor, and extending within each longitudinal channel, and being arranged at a distance from the wall or walls of the longitudinal channel, each wire electrode optionally being covered with an electrically insulating layer along the part of the wire electrode extending within the longitudinal channel, a catalyst capable of catalysing a conversion reaction for the conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol, the catalyst being situated between the wire electrode and the wall or walls of each longitudinal channel. 11. A reactor () for conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol , comprising:{'b': 2', '2', '3', '2', '1, 'a support () made of electrically and thermally conductive material, said support () forming the wall or walls of at least one longitudinal channel () which passes through the support () and also acts as cathode of the reactor ()'}{'b': 4', '1', '4', '3', '3', '3', '4', '5', '4', '3, 'at least one wire electrode () forming an anode of the reactor (), each wire electrode () extending within each longitudinal channel (), along said longitudinal channel (), and being arranged at a distance from the wall or walls of said longitudinal channel (), each wire electrode () being optionally covered by an electrically insulating layer () along the part of the wire electrode () extending within said longitudinal channel (),'}{'b': 6', '6', '4', '3, 'a catalyst () adapted to catalyse a conversion reaction of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol, the catalyst () being ...

Gas-to-liquid reactor and method of using

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state.

GAS-TO-GAS REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas. 1. A method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon , comprising:providing a first gas phase hydrocarbon; andsubjecting the first gas phase hydrocarbon to a plasma created by an electrostatic field, whereby a second gas phase hydrocarbon is obtained, wherein the second gas phase hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, ethylene, acetylene, propene, propyne, allene, isobutene, 2-butene, 2-methyl-butane, 2,2-dimethyl-butane, 2,3-dimethyl-butane, and 3-methyl-pentane.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is an oscillating field.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the field oscillates at a frequency from 60 to 1000 Hz.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the field oscillates at a frequency from 300 to 600 Hz.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is from 1000 to 100 claim 1 ,000 volts.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is from 10 claim 1 ,000 to 50 claim 1 ,000 volts.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at ambient temperature.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at a pressure of from atmospheric pressure to 100 PSIG.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at atmospheric pressure.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas phase hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of methane claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR, PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE

The method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor according to the present disclosure includes treating a metal base material containing at least one kind of transition metal with a plasma under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature lower than a volatilization temperature of the transition metal under an atmosphere at the pressure to provide the photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from at least a part of the metal base material. Here, the plasma is generated by applying a high-frequency voltage at a frequency in a range of not less than 30 MHz and not more than 300 MHz to a gas between a first electrode and a second electrode, and the gas is any one of: (i) a nitrogen gas; (ii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas; (iii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and a rare gas; and (iv) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas, and a rare gas. 1. A method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor , the method comprising:treating a metal base material containing at least one kind of transition metal with a plasma under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature lower than a volatilization temperature of the transition metal under the pressure to provide the photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from at least a part of the metal base material,whereinthe plasma is generated by applying a high-frequency voltage at a frequency in a range of not less than 30 MHz and not more than 300 MHz to a gas between a first electrode and a second electrode; andthe gas is any one of:(i) a nitrogen gas;(ii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas;(iii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and a rare gas; and(iv) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas, and a rare gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe photosemiconductor is a visible light- ...

Continuous methods for treating liquids and manufacturing certain constituents (e.g., nanoparticles) in liquds, apparatuses and nanoparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) resulting therefrom

This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. The continuous process causes at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, zeta potential and properties present in a liquid. 1. A method for treating a patient with a bacterial infection comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising:water;silver constituents comprising silver ions and silver nanoparticles in said water, said silver constituents being present in an amount of 1 ppm to 20.6 ppm;zinc constituents comprising zinc ions in said water, said zinc constituents being present in an amount of 0.5 ppm to 20 ppm, wherein a ratio of the amount of said zinc constituents to said silver constituents varies from 8:1 to 0.5:1; andnitrogen oxides in said water.2. A method for treating a patient with a bacterial infection comprising administering to a ...

NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS APPARATUS

Nanoparticles are synthesized by suctioning a liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade, causing cavitation by stirring the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, generating plasma generated by a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid, and in that case, consuming an electrode containing elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized. 1. A nanoparticle synthesis apparatus that generates plasma by a plasma generation mechanism in a liquid , thereby synthesizing nanoparticles in the liquid , the nanoparticle synthesis apparatus comprising:a suction stirring pump that suctions the liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade and stirs the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, thereby causing cavitation; anda plasma generation mechanism that generates plasma in air bubbles generated in the liquid by the cavitation,wherein elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized are contained in an electrode of the plasma generation mechanism.2. The nanoparticle synthesis apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the suction stirring pump includes a throttle flow passage through which the liquid having a flow speed applied thereto by being stirred by the rotary blade is passed.3. The nanoparticle synthesis apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the plasma generation mechanism is provided in a discharge pipe that is connected to the suction stirring pump and allows the liquid to be discharged therefrom.4. A nanoparticle synthesis apparatus that generates plasma by a plasma generation mechanism in a liquid claim 1 , thereby synthesizing nanoparticles in the liquid claim 1 , the nanoparticle synthesis apparatus comprising:a flow speed application mechanism that applies a flow speed to the liquid;an obstacle that is installed in a flow passage for the liquid having the flow speed applied thereto by the ...

Formation of Interlayer Covalent Bonds in Bilayer, Trilayer and Multilayer Graphene

An embodiment according to the invention provides methods for making interlayer covalent bonds in bilayer, trilayer, and multilayer graphene. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize the resulting material, and the Raman peak at approximately 1330 cmcoincides with the characteristic peak of diamond and polycrystalline nanodiamond peaks published in the art. This indicates that the process induces the formation of spcarbon-carbon (C—C) bonds (similar to the ones in diamond) between the graphene layers. The graphene bilayer or multilayer converts to spbonded carbon only partially, as the Raman spectrum also indicates a strong component of graphene still remaining in the bilayer or multilayer. 1. A method of forming an interlayer bond between two or more layers of graphene , the method comprising:positioning at least two layers of graphene in a stacked arrangement; andperforming a hydrogenation treatment on the at least two layers of graphene to induce formation of carbon-carbon covalent bonds between carbon atoms on different neighboring layers of the at least two layers of graphene for at least a portion of the carbon atoms on at least a portion of the area of the at least two layers of graphene.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the performing the hydrogenation treatment comprises performing an annealing process on the at least two layers of graphene in the stacked arrangement.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the performing the annealing process comprises performing an annealing process in the presence of at least hydrogen gas at a temperature between about 400° C. and about 1000° C.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the annealing process is performed in the presence of hydrogen gas and a carrier gas.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the carrier gas comprises argon.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the performing the hydrogenation treatment comprises performing a plasma process on the at least two layers of graphene in the stacked arrangement.7. The method of ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING MODIFIED NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE

The present disclosure provides methods for functionalizing the surfaces of cellulose nanoparticles. In embodiments, nanoparticles are aerosolized, and then passed through a flow reactor where they are contacted with gaseous reactants to functionalize the surface of the nanoparticles. In other embodiments, the nanoparticles are aerosolized, and then passed through a plasma reactor where they are contacted with gaseous reactants to functionalize the surface of the nanoparticles. Once the functionalized nanoparticles are produced, they may be combined with polymers to form polymer composites having both a polymer and the functionalized nanoparticles. Systems for producing these functionalized nanoparticles, coupled with downstream polymer processing equipment for forming the polymer composites, are also provided. 1. A method comprising:aerosolizing cellulose nanoparticles;introducing the aerosolized cellulose nanoparticles into an aerosol flow reactor;introducing gaseous silanes into the aerosol flow reactor;allowing the gaseous silanes to functionalize the surface of the cellulose nanoparticles as they pass through the aerosol flow reactor to produce functionalized cellulose nanoparticles; andcollecting the functionalized cellulose nanoparticles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silane possesses functional groups selected from the group consisting of amino claim 1 , vinyl claim 1 , methacryl claim 1 , mercapto claim 1 , glycidoxy claim 1 , chloro claim 1 , azide claim 1 , alkyl claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silane is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane claim 1 , vinyltrimethoxysilane claim 1 , 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane claim 1 , γ-mercapto propyltriethoxysilane claim 1 , glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy-silane claim 1 , dichlorosilane claim 1 , vinyltrimethoxysilane grafted polypropylene claim 1 , vinyltrimethoxysilane grafted polyethylene claim 1 , azidotrimethylsilane claim 1 , ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SYNTHESIZING COMPOUNDS BY A LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA DUAL-ELECTRIC FIELD AIDED GAS PHASE REACTION

Method and apparatus for synthesizing compounds by a low temperature plasma dual-electric field aided gas phase reaction are provided. The method utilizes two different electrode corona discharge fields in a plasma aided reactor to form a plasma dual-electric field, using electric energy to convert gas into gas molecules, atoms, ions and/or free radicals, and then reforming and reducing to obtain organic compounds such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, higher carbon ethers, higher carbon alcohols, higher carbon esters, lower carbon alcohols, and the like; also inorganic compounds such as N, O, HSO, NH, and the like. The apparatus includes a reactor having a plasma region of two different corona discharge fields, wherein an alternating current corona discharge field or a positive corona discharge field is set in the first electric field, and a negative corona discharge field is set in the second electric field. 1. A method for the plasma dual-electric field aided gas phase reactions , where comprising the following steps: the reaction gas is introduced into a reactor , containing corona discharge dual-electric field , which includes a first electric field and a second electric field , wherein the first electric field is at least one of: an alternating current corona discharge field , a positive corona discharge field , and other electric field sources which can provide sufficient energy to oxidize and decompose the various gas molecules in the reaction gas into atoms , ions , and free radicals , and the second electric field is a negative corona discharge field.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the positive corona discharge field is a high voltage positive direct current corona discharge field claim 1 , the negative corona discharge field is a high voltage negative direct current corona discharge field claim 1 , or the positive corona discharge field is a high frequency and high voltage positive direct current corona discharge field claim 1 , the negative corona ...

Continuous Methods for Treating Liquids and Manufacturing Certain Constituents (e.g., Nanoparticles) in Liquids, Apparatuses and Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle/Liquid Solution(s) Resulting Therefrom

This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. The continuous process causes at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, zeta potential and properties present in a liquid.

Method and Device for Hydrogen Sulfide Dissociation in Electric Arc

Device for hydrogen sulfide plasma dissociation includes a plasma chemical reactor including an arc plasma generator that has a cathode and an anode; the anode having a working surface for contacting hydrogen sulfide plasma, wherein the working surface is made from a material that includes stainless steel, tungsten or molybdenum; the cathode having a tip for arc attachment where a cathode spot is formed, wherein the cathode tip is made from pure tungsten, pure molybdenum, a tungsten or molybdenum alloy with tungsten as a major component or a composite material in which tungsten or molybdenum is the major component; and a flow path configured to have an inlet for gaseous hydrogen sulfide for dissociation in plasma into hydrogen and sulfur, and an outlet for gaseous products of hydrogen sulfide plasma dissociation. Optionally, the alloy or composite material has up to 10% low work function elements (thorium, cerium, lanthanum, or zirconium). 1. A device for hydrogen sulfide plasma dissociation , comprising:a plasma chemical reactor including an arc plasma generator that has a cathode and an anode;the anode having a working surface for contacting hydrogen sulfide plasma, wherein the working surface is made from a material that includes stainless steel, tungsten or molybdenum;the cathode having a tip for arc attachment where a cathode spot is formed, wherein the cathode tip is made from pure tungsten, pure molybdenum, a tungsten or molybdenum alloy with tungsten or molybdenum as a major component or a composite material in which tungsten or molybdenum is the major component; anda flow path configured to have an inlet for gaseous hydrogen sulfide for dissociation in plasma into hydrogen and sulfur, and an outlet for gaseous products of hydrogen sulfide plasma dissociation.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the alloy of the cathode has up to 10% of low work function elements.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the low work function elements are any of thorium claim 2 , ...

MICROWAVE ENHANCEMENT OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Gas streams may be effectively processed using microwave energy in such a way as to significantly reduce processing cost and plant complexity. In the first instance, microwave energy is used to generate a self-catalytic, non-equilibrium plasma, resulting in essentially complete gas reaction at industrial scales of operation. In the second instance, microwave energy is used in combination with conventional catalyst materials to significantly enhance their performance by enabling operation at reduced gas temperatures. In this second instance, the microwave energy may be used either to generate a non-equilibrium plasma or to selectively and directly heat the catalyst material. 1. A system for processing gaseous materials through the use of microwave non-equilibrium plasmas , said system comprisinga) a microwave source connected to a waveguide,b) a means of coupling said microwave energy from the waveguide to a vessel acting as a gas containment reactor vessel in which the plasma is generated and maintained,c) a first means of directing reagent gas into the said reactor vessel by means of supersonic nozzle gas expansion,d) a second means of directing reagent gas tangentially into the said reactor vessel in such a way as to generate a vortex flow which first is directed counter to the supersonic flow direction, is reflected from the top of the said reactor vessel and thereafter is directed in the same direction as the supersonic flow, ande) a means of allowing the post-plasma gas products stream pressure to be adjusted suitably for further processing or discharge.2. The system according to in which the gas containment reactor vessel is constructed of a microwave-transparent material and is located within the said waveguide.3. The system according to in which the gas containment reactor vessel is a metallic cavity which is coupled to the said waveguide by means of an aperture.4. The system according to in which the gas containment reactor vessel is a metallic cavity which ...

SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT AND/OR COATING OF SUBSTRATES

A system for treating a substrate comprising a treatment module and a substrate plane. The substrate extending along a substrate plane to treat the substrate and wherein a fluid is deliverable via the module to a local region between the module and the substrate plane to treat the substrate with a predetermined treatment.

PLASMA TREATMENT APPARATUS

A plasma treatment apparatus which performs uniform plasma treatment on a liquid. A plasma treatment apparatus includes a coaxial waveguide having an inner conductor, a first outer conductor, and a second outer conductor; a microwave generation unit; an outside tube which is located on the outer side of the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor and which in cooperation with the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor forms a flow path through which a liquid flows; and a plasma generation region. A first protrusion of the first outer conductor and a second protrusion of the second outer conductor face each other in a non-contacting state. The plasma generation region is a region extending along a facing location where the first protrusion of the first outer conductor and the second protrusion of the second outer conductor face each other. 1. A plasma treatment apparatus comprising:a coaxial waveguide which includes an inner conductor, a first outer conductor located on the outer side of the inner conductor and having a first end portion, and a second outer conductor located on the outer side of the inner conductor and having a second end portion;a microwave generation unit which generates microwaves to be propagated to the coaxial waveguide;an outside tube which is located on the outer side of the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor and which in cooperation with the first outer conductor and the second outer conductor forms a flow path through which a liquid flows; anda plasma generation region in which plasma is generated, whereinthe first end portion of the first outer conductor and the second end portion of the second outer conductor face each other in a non-contacting state, andthe plasma generation region is a region extending along a facing location where the first end portion of the first outer conductor and the second end portion of the second outer conductor face each other.2. A plasma treatment apparatus ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PURE OCTACHLOROTRISILANES AND DECACHLOROTETRASILANES

The invention relates to a process for producing trimeric and/or quaternary silicon compounds or trimeric and/or quaternary germanium compounds, where a mixture of silicon compounds or a mixture of germanium compounds is exposed to a nonthermal plasma, and the resulting phase is subjected at least once to a vacuum rectification and filtration. 1. A process for the preparation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of trimeric and quaternary silicon compounds of the general formula SiX , SiX , or both{'sub': 3', '8', '4', '10, 'or of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of trimeric and/or and quaternary germanium compounds of the general formula GeX, and/or GeX, or both, the process comprising {'br': None, 'sub': n', '1', '2n+2, 'Si(R. . . R)'}, 'a) exposing a mixture of silicon compounds of the general formula'} {'br': None, 'sub': n', '1', '2n+2, 'Ge(R. . . R)'}, 'or a mixture of germanium compounds of the general formula'} [{'sub': 1', '2n+2, 'wherein n≧2, and Rto Ris at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and X'}, 'is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, and', 'wherein X'}], 'to a nonthermal plasma to form a resulting phase'} [{'sub': 3', '8', '4', '10, 'silicon compounds of the general formula SiXor SiX'}, {'sub': 3', '8', '4', '10., 'or germanium compounds of the general formula GeXor GeX'}], 'b) subjecting the resulting phase at least once to a vacuum rectification and filtration, thereby obtaining'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein with n≧3.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the resulting phase to an adsorption claim 1 , after or before the subjecting to a vacuum rectification and filtration b.4. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe process exposing to a nonthermal plasma a), the process subjecting to a vacuum rectification and filtration b), or both take place continuously.5. The ...

Reactor for liquid and gas and method of use

A system and method for performing plasma reactions creating a plasma area in a gas adjacent to a liquid. An embodiment of the plasma reactor includes a housing with an internal reaction chamber, first and second inlet paths to the reaction chamber, and electrodes for producing an electric field. The system may optionally further include a pre-ionization electrode and pre-ionization electric field for pre-ionizing a feed gas prior to entry into a reaction chamber. The reactor uses plasma to ionize gas adjacent with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent. Exemplary uses of the plasma reactor include ionic injection, gas dissociation, liquid re-formation, and liquid dissociation. An alternative embodiment provides a system and method for infusion of gaseous particles into liquid by applying an electric field at power levels lower than the voltage required to form a plasma to gas adjacent to liquid.

Ion wind generation device

Provided is an ion wind generation device which is capable of providing a wide range of ion delivery and providing ion wind having a reduced ozone concentration near a nozzle without use of a filter or the like. The ion wind generation device includes an electrode pair including a discharge electrode body having a discharge portion and a counter electrode body having a plurality of end portions, and generates ion wind by corona discharge that occurs due to a potential difference generated between the discharge portion and the end portions. The end portions are located spaced apart from one another in a single plane and disposed around an axis of the discharge electrode body in the single plane or disposed along a line in the single plane.

AIRFLOW GENERATION DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SAME

An airflow generation device having a first dielectric substrate made from a rubber elastic material, a first electrode on or near by a first surface of the first dielectric substrate, a second electrode on a second surface, and a second dielectric substrate made from a rubber elastic material covering the second electrode. It makes the airflows generated by plasma caused from partial gas near by the first surface through applied voltage into the first electrode and the second electrode, and bonding portions between the first electrode and the second electrode and the first dielectric substrate, bonding portions between the second electrode and the second dielectric substrate, and bonding portions between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are bonded by chemical bonds with chemically crosslinking. 1. An airflow generation device comprising:a dielectric substrate that is made from a rubber elastic material, andplural electrodes that are provided on the dielectric substrate, 'bonding portions between the electrodes and the dielectric substrate are bonded by chemical bonds with chemically crosslinking through unsaturated groups or vinylsilyl-containing-silyl groups.', 'which makes airflows generated by plasma caused from partial gas near by the dielectric substrate through an applied voltage into the electrodes;'}2. The airflow generation device according to claim 1 , which has a first dielectric substrate made from a rubber elastic material claim 1 , a first electrode provided on or near by a first surface of the first dielectric substrate claim 1 , a second electrode provided on a second surface as a different side surface from the first surface claim 1 , and a second dielectric substrate made from a rubber elastic material so as to cover the second electrode claim 1 , 'bonding portions between the first electrode and the second electrode and the first dielectric substrate, and bonding portions between the second electrode and the ...

TREATMENT DEVICE, STERILIZATION DEVICE, STERILIZATION WATER, AND STERILIZATION METHOD

A treatment apparatus and a sterilization apparatus each include a liquid reservoir portion configured to store a treatment subject liquid, a plasma generation portion configured to generate a plasma on or above a liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid, and a bubble supply portion configured to generate a bubble containing the generated plasma on or above the liquid surface and configured to supply the bubble into the treatment subject liquid. Thus, the plasma is generated on or above the liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid, and the bubble containing the generated plasma is generated and supplied into the treatment subject liquid. 1. A treatment apparatus comprising:a housing,a liquid reservoir portion formed in a lower portion of the housing, and configured to store a treatment subject liquid,a circulation flow path containing a liquid distribution portion formed on an upper portion of the housing, and circulating the treatment subject liquid in the liquid reservoir portion into the liquid distribution portion,at least one plasma generation portion configured to generate a plasma on or above a liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid in the liquid reservoir portion, anda plurality of bubble supply portions each including an aspirator being hung down from the liquid distribution portion toward the liquid reservoir portion and configured to return the treatment subject liquid in the liquid distribution portion to the liquid reservoir portion, each of the bubble supply portions configured to generate a bubble containing the generated plasma on or above the liquid surface of the liquid reservoir portion and to supply the bubble into the treatment subject liquid,wherein each of the bubble supply portions is configured to introduce the plasma from the plasma generation portion through a venturi portion of the aspirator to generate the bubble.2. The treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment subject liquid is controlled to be ...

NON-THERMAL PLASMA GATE DEVICE

A plasma gate device comprises a housing, a gas inlet, first and second dielectrics, and first, second, and third electrodes. The housing includes an internal reactor chamber. The gas inlet receives a source gas that flows to the reactor chamber. The first and second dielectrics are spaced apart from one another, with each dielectric including an upper surface and a lower surface. The two dielectrics are oriented such that the lower surface of the first dielectric faces the upper surface of the second dielectric. The first and second dielectrics form boundaries of the reactor chamber. The first electrode receives a first electric voltage. The second electrode receives a second electric voltage. The first and second electric voltages in combination generate an electric field in the reactor chamber through which the source gas flows creating a positive ion plasma and a cloud of electrons. The third electrode attracts the electrons. 1. A plasma gate device comprising:a housing including an internal reactor chamber;a gas inlet configured to receive a source gas that flows to the reactor chamber;a first dielectric and a second dielectric spaced apart from one another, each dielectric including an upper surface and a lower surface, the two dielectrics oriented such that the lower surface of the first dielectric faces the upper surface of the second dielectric, wherein the first dielectric forms an upper boundary of the reactor chamber and the second dielectric forms a lower boundary of the reactor chamber;a first electrode in contact with the upper surface of the first dielectric and a second electrode in contact with the lower surface of the second dielectric, the first electrode configured to receive a first electric voltage, the second electrode configured to receive a second electric voltage, the first and second electric voltages in combination generating an electric field in the reactor chamber through which the source gas flows creating a plasma; anda third ...

COMPOUND ANNULAR NON-THERMAL PLASMA REACTOR CORE

A non-thermal plasma reactor system having an outer member; a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume there between, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume; dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; and at least one electrode extending within the sleeve volume and another electrode coupled to the inner sleeve member generating the non-thermal plasma contacting the airflow as it flows between the annular volume and the central core volume. 1. A non-thermal plasma reactor system comprising:an outer member;a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve defining a central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being dimensionally smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume between the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve and the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary, the inner surface boundary being coaxial with the outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume;dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; andat least a first electrode extending within the sleeve volume and at least a second electrode coupled to the inner member sleeve, the first and second electrodes configured to exert electrical ...

APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SILANES

The invention relates to a process for preparing dimeric and/or trimeric silanes by conversion of monosilane in a plasma and to a plant for performance of the process. 115-. (canceled)17. The plant according to claim 16 , wherein the reactor has a dedicated downstream compressor to increase the pressure of the resulting phase claim 16 , the compressor more particularly being provided between the reactor and the membrane.18. The plant according to claim 16 , further comprising:a compressor downstream of the reactor, with a condenser dedicated to said compressor and a downstream crude product outlet or crude product vessel dedicated to said condenser, downstream of which is disposed the membrane for setting the partial hydrogen pressure of the resulting phase by contacting of the resulting phase with the membrane, which gives a reactant stream which is transferred by means of a line into the reactor.19. The plant according to claim 16 , having an arrangement for performance of a cycle operation of the process claim 16 , wherein the reactor has a dedicated downstream compressor claim 16 , and said compressor has a dedicated condenser claim 16 , and the plant has the hydrogen-permeable membrane downstream of the condenser claim 16 , with a line dedicated to one side of the membrane and to the reactor claim 16 , and a product outlet or product vessel is also provided downstream of the condenser; and discharged hydrogen is removed on the other side of the membrane.20. The plant according to claim 16 , wherein the pressure in process step iii) is elevated relative to the pressure in process stage ii).21. The plant according to claim 16 , wherein the resulting phase in process step iii) has a pressure of 1 barto 100 bar.22. The plant according to claim 16 , wherein the monosilane in process step ii) is subjected to the gas discharge in the presence of hydrogen at a pressure between 0.05 mbarand 15 claim 16 ,000 mbar.23. The plant according to claim 16 , wherein the gas ...

PLASMA POLYMERISATION APPARATUS

Plasma polymerisation apparatus is disclosed including a reaction zone and at least one gas inlet for supplying at least one monomer in a gaseous form to the reaction zone, a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart and configured to generate an electric field in the reaction zone to form plasma polymer nanoparticulate material from the at least one monomer, a plurality of collectors configured to collect plasma-polymer nanoparticulate material formed in the reaction zone, the plurality of collectors being located adjacent the second electrode, and a cooling device located adjacent the second electrode and configured to cool the plurality of collectors. Also disclosed is plasma polymerisation apparatus that includes a confinement grid extending between a first electrode and a second electrode of the apparatus. 1. Plasma polymerisation apparatus comprising:a reaction zone;at least one gas inlet for supplying at least one monomer in a gaseous form to the reaction zone;a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart and configured to generate an electric field in the reaction zone to form plasma polymer nanoparticulate material from the at least one monomer;a plurality of collectors configured to collect plasma-polymer nanoparticulate material formed in the reaction zone, the plurality of collectors being located adjacent the second electrode; anda cooling device located adjacent the second electrode and configured to cool the plurality of collectors.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling device is located between the plurality of collectors and the second electrode.3. The apparatus of or claim 1 , wherein the cooling device comprises one or more thermoelectric semiconductor devices.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the cooling device comprises one or more Peltier devices.5. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims claim 3 , wherein the cooling device is coupled to a rear surface of the plurality of collectors.6. The apparatus of ...

Plasma frequency trigger

An exothermic reaction assembly includes a reaction chamber and a generator operative to generate an AC electrical signal and apply the signal to the reaction chamber by superimposing the AC signal over a DC signal. A gas manifold and controller is operative to connect a vacuum pump and one or more gas chambers to the reaction chamber and to control a pressure of the reaction chamber. The signal generator is operative to create a plasma in the reaction chamber by superimposing the AC electrical signal to the reaction chamber over the DC signal. The gas manifold and controller are operative to adjust the pressure within the reaction chamber to achieve a predetermined plasma frequency.

DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE PLASMA REACTOR COMPRISING MACROPOROUS SILICA AS DIELECTRIC MATERIAL

The present invention relates to a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor for the preparation of C hydrocarbons from methane, wherein the DBD plasma reactor comprises macroporous silica, as a dielectric material, and optionally a photocatalyst that is impregnated into the pores of the macroporous silica. 1. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor for preparing C hydrocarbons from methane , comprising:a dielectric tube;macroporous silica, which is filled into the whole or a part of the dielectric tube;a ground electrode, which encompasses the whole or a part of a region of the dielectric tube into which the macroporous silica is filled; anda powered electrode, which is spaced apart from the inner wall of the dielectric tube at a predetermined interval in parallel, and is inserted so as to penetrate the whole or a part of the macroporous silica layer that is filled into the dielectric tube.2. The DBD plasma reactor of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric tube is made of alumina.3. The DBD plasma reactor of claim 1 , wherein a gas inlet for impregnating methane is connected to one side of the dielectric tube and a gas outlet is connected to the other side of the dielectric tube claim 1 , with respect to the region filled with the macroporous silica.4. The DBD plasma reactor of claim 3 , wherein the methane as a reactant is impregnated as a mixture with an inert gas at a ratio of 1:9 to 7:3.5. The DBD plasma reactor of claim 1 , wherein a non-oxidative coupling reaction of methane is performed at room temperature and ambient pressure.6. The DBD plasma reactor of claim 1 , wherein the macroporous silica has pores with an average size of 1 μm to 10 μm.7. The DBD plasma reactor of claim 1 , wherein the paraffin content in the C hydrocarbon product is increased.8. The DBD plasma reactor of claim 1 , wherein the macroporous silica is in the form of a non-pelletized particle with an average diameter of 100 μm to 1 claim 1 ,000 μm.9. The DBD plasma reactor ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PLASMA-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF MATERIALS

Methods and devices are provided for the plasma-catalytic conversion of materials to produce chemical base materials. The methods and devices allow a plurality of chemical processes to be carried out in a plasma-catalytic manner to produce chemical base materials from simple raw materials (for example methane and biogas) with an improved selectivity and energy balance. A hydrocarbon-containing or other starting material is reacted under the action of a plasma to produce chemical base materials, or such a starting material is converted into an intermediate product in a first step under the action of a plasma, and the intermediate product is converted into the desired base material in a subsequent step. The devices for carrying out plasma-catalytic reactions are characterized by a jet pump arranged downstream of the plasma reactor, a tubular recipient (reaction chamber) having a diameter of at least 4 cm, or a catalyst-containing wall of the recipient. 156.-. (canceled)57. A method for the plasma-catalytic conversion of materials , in particular for the production of key chemicals , wherein{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a hydrocarbon-containing starting material and/or at least one starting material selected from the group comprising CO, CO, HO, H, Oand Nis/are converted, under the action of a plasma, with at least one further starting material, to at least one product,'}or that{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a hydrocarbon-containing starting material and/or at least one starting material selected from the group comprising CO, CO, HO, H, Oand Nis/are converted in a first method step, under the action of a plasma, to one or more intermediate products(s) which, in at least one subsequent method step, are converted to a reaction product,'}{'b': 6', '6, 'and that the conversion is effected in a plasma reactor (a, a′, a″) under the action of a plasma, with the plasma gas present in the plasma reactor, which plasma gas contains the products or intermediate product(s) ...

Dielectric packing material for conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable materials by non-thermal plasma technology

The present invention relates to a dielectric packing material for converting carbon dioxide to a valuable material using non-thermal plasma technology, and more particularly, to a dielectric packing material for converting carbon dioxide to a valuable material using non-thermal plasma technology, wherein the dielectric packing material is packed in a non-thermal plasma reactor for conversion of carbon dioxide to a valuable material and is formed to have a hollow structure with multiple edges on the surface thereof to effectively scatter non-thermal plasma at the edges and thereby to improve CO2 conversion and energy efficiency.

GAS-TO-LIQUID REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state. 1. A method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon , comprising:providing a gas phase hydrocarbon; andsubjecting the gas phase hydrocarbon to a plasma created by an electrostatic field, whereby a first hydrocarbon is obtained, wherein the first hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of butane, 2-methyl-butane, 2-methyl-pentane, n-hexane, 2,2,3-trimethyl-butane, 2-methyl-hexane, 2,3-dimethyl-pentane, 3-methyl-hexane, 2,4-dimethyl-hexane, 3,3-dimethyl-hexane, 2,3,3-trimethyl-pentane, 2,3-dimethyl-hexane, 3-methyl-heptane, 2,3,5-trimethyl-hexane, 2,3,3-trimethyl-hexane, 2,3-dimethyl-heptane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-heptane, 2,4,6-trimethyl-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-methyl-hexane, 2,3,5-trimethyl-heptane, 2,3,6-trimethyl-heptane, 2,3,5-trimethyl-heptane, octane, 4-methyl-octane, 3-methyl-octane, 2,4,6-trimethyl-octane, 4,4-dimethyl-octane, 2,5-dimethyl-octane, 2,3,3-trimethyl-octane, 3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-octane, 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl-octane, nonane, 3-methyl-nonane, 4-methyl-nonane, 3-methyl-nonane, decane, 3,6-dimethyl-decane, 2,3,6-trimethyl-decane, 2,5,9-trimethyl-decane, undecane, 2,6-dimethyl-undecane, 5,7-dimethyl-undecane, dodecane, 2,3,3-trimethyl-pentane, 3,3-dimethyl-hexane, 2,3-dimethyl-heptane, 4-methyl-octane, 3-methyl-octane, and 3-methyl-nonane.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of butane claim 1 , 2-methyl-butane claim 1 , 2-methyl-pentane claim 1 , n-hexane ...

COLD PLASMA SETRILIZATION DEVICE

A cold plasma device for large area decontamination that can function as a scrub brush to sterilize surfaces and areas that are otherwise difficult, time consuming and/or may cause exposure hazards under convention sterilization methods. 120-. (canceled)21. A sterilization device comprising:an applicator having an input coupled to a gas source, the applicator having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the first surface configured to be placed adjacent to a surface of tissue to be sterilized;at least one output channel, the at least one output channel having an individual wire electrode with a sharp conductive point disposed therein; andat least one resistor coupled to the individual wire electrode, the at least one resistor further coupled to a power source for supplying the same electrical potential to the individual wire electrode, wherein the individual wire electrode is coupled to the at least one resistor such that the individual wire electrode extends from the at least one resistor into the at least one output channel;wherein when the individual wire electrode is are powered by the power source with the same electrical potential and gas is flowing through the at least one output channel, the sharp conductive point of the individual wire electrode creates an electric field gradient which removes electrons from molecules of the gas and ionizes the gas to form a cold plasma beam at the at least one output channel under atmospheric pressure so as to sterilize the tissue in contact with the cold plasma beam.22. The sterilization device of claim 21 , wherein the gas is inert.23. The sterilization device of claim 22 , wherein the inert gas is argon.24. The sterilization device of claim 22 , wherein the inert gas is helium.25. The sterilization device of claim 21 , wherein the applicator is disposable.26. The sterilization device of claim 21 , wherein the applicator is reusable.27. The sterilization device of claim 21 , wherein the ...

DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTRIC PLASMA SYNTHESIS OF NITRIC OXIDE

The present disclosure provides systems and method for electric plasma synthesis of nitric oxide. In particular, the present disclosure provides a nitric oxide (NO) generation system configured to produce a controllable output of therapeutic NO gas at the point of care. 1. An apparatus for generating nitric oxide comprising:a housing including a first wall having an aperture formed therein to provide access to a recess and a second wall permitting gas flow therethrough;an insulator arranged in the recess;a pair of electrodes arranged within the housing to at least partially engage the insulator;a power supply connected to the pair of electrodes to energize the pair of electrodes to induce a chemical reaction within the recess that generates nitric oxide;a particle filter arranged to filter particulate passing through the second wall;a scavenger arranged proximate to the particle filter to control an amount of undesired byproducts from the chemical reaction induced by operation of the pair of electrodes;a controller in communication with the power supply and configured to selectively energize the pair of electrodes to achieve one or more electric discharges between the electrodes to generate the nitric oxide within the housing; anda flow path configured to non-mechanically direct the nitric oxide through the second wall of the housing and into an airway of a subject.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flow path leverages transport phenomena occurring during the one or more electric discharges between the pair of electrodes to non-mechanically direct the nitric oxide through the second wall of the housing and into the airway of the subject.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the transport phenomena comprise convective transport.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a volume between the housing and the insulator defines a reaction chamber that is sufficiently small to ensure substantially instantaneous delivery of the nitric oxide along the flow path to the ...

VORTEX WATER FLOW GENERATOR, WATER PLASMA GENERATOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR MOUNTED VEHICLE, AND DECOMPOSITION METHOD

In order to stabilize injection of water plasma, a vortex water flow generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference, a first middle partition and a second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion. The first middle partition and the second middle partition respectively have an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. An opening of the second middle partition on the side of the positive electrode is larger than an opening of the first middle partition on the side of the negative electrode. 1. A vortex water flow generator , placed between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of a water plasma generator , to form a vortex water flow for allowing arc discharge generated between the negative and positive electrodes to pass through , the vortex water flow generator comprising:a cylindrical portion configured to form the vortex water flow along an inner circumference;a one-end-side partition, the-other-end-side partition and a plurality of middle partitions, which are provided in the cylindrical portion;wherein the middle partitions protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion;wherein each of the middle partitions is configured to have an opening which is formed to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion, andwherein the opening of the middle partition on the side of the positive electrode is larger than the opening of the middle partition on the side of the negative electrode.2. The vortex water flow generator according to claim 1 , wherein the one-end-side partition is disposed in one end side of the cylindrical portion-facing the negative electrode claim 1 , and the-other-end-side partition is disposed in the other end side of the cylindrical portion claim 1 , andwherein each of the one-end-side ...

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF NOX COMPOUNDS USING NON-THERMAL PLASMA

An improved device and process for the production of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) having a novel plasma reactor assembly () with a gas and water injector () that mixes gas () and water () to produce gas and micro-fine water droplets () and injects same into a plasm reactor vessel () between electric diodes () to yield a nitrous-rich plasma product () which is useful in a variety of commercial, agriculture, medical and industrial arenas. 1. A device for NOx production using non-thermal plasma to create a NOx product comprising: i. at least one electrode;', 'ii. at least one feedthrough insulator;', 'iii. at least one plasma reactor vessel;', 'iv. at least one gas and water injector mounted on top of the plasma reactor vessel; and', 'v. at least one plasma zone that includes the area surrounding the at least one electrode located above the exit area of the plasma reactor vessel;, 'a) at least one plasma reactor assembly, further comprisingb) an electrical system control, including ignition connection hardware and a plasma ignition unit electronically connected to the at least one electrode wherein said plasma ignition unit is configured to operate at a predetermined voltage and frequency;c) an air supply unit further comprising: an air pump removably attached to an air filter and in contact with an external air supply, said air pump pressurizes filtered air and releases it to an air hose, said air hose is connected at a first end to the air pump and connected at a second end to the gas and water injector which is removably connected to the plasma reactor vessel; andd) a water injection unit further comprising a water supply, an external pressurized water supply line connected to said water supply; a manual shutoff valve on said external pressurized water supply line between the solenoid valve and a water flow regulator; a water injection hose with a first end connected to the water flow regulator and a second end connected to the gas and water injector which is removably ...

PRODUCING METHOD FOR PRODUCING MAGNESIUM HYDRIDE, POWER GENERATION SYSTEM USING MAGNESIUM HYDRIDE, AND PRODUCING APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MAGNESIUM HYDRIDE

One object of the present disclosure is to provide a production method of magnesium hydride that is free of carbon dioxide and has high production efficiency, a power generation system that does not emit carbon dioxide or radiation using magnesium hydride, and an apparatus for producing magnesium hydride; therefore, the method for producing magnesium hydride of the present disclosure comprises a procedure for irradiating a magnesium compound different from magnesium hydride with hydrogen plasma, and a procedure for depositing a magnesium product containing magnesium hydride on a depositor for depositing magnesium hydride disposed within the range in which hydrogen plasma is present, wherein the surface temperature of the depositor is kept no more than a predetermined temperature at which magnesium hydride precipitates. 1. A producing method for producing magnesium hydride comprising:a procedure for irradiating a magnesium compound different from the magnesium hydride with hydrogen plasma, anda procedure for depositing the magnesium product containing magnesium hydride on a depositer for depositing the magnesium hydride disposed within a range where the hydrogen plasma is present,wherein a surface temperature of the depositer is kept no more than a predetermined temperature at which the magnesium hydride precipitates.2. The producing method according to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium compound is a magnesium compound having no oxygen atoms.3. The producing method according to or claim 1 , wherein the magnesium compound is magnesium halide.4. The producing method according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the magnesium compound is magnesium chloride.5. The producing method according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises a procedure for recovering by stripping the magnesium product from the depositer without stopping the irradiation of the hydrogen plasma to the magnesium compound.6. The producing method according to claim 5 , wherein the ...

PROCESS FOR REMOVAL OF BROMINE, IODINE, BROMINE- AND/OR IODINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS FROM CHLOROSILANES

The invention relates to a process for removal of bromine, bromine- and/or iodine-containing silicon compounds from compositions of chlorosilanes containing bromine, bromine- and/or iodine-containing silicon compounds, wherein the composition is subjected to a nonthermal plasma and subsequently the chlorosilanes may be separated from the bromine- and/or iodine-containing compounds present by distillation. 2. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein{'sub': 'abs', 'the subjecting (ii) effects the nonthermal plasma treatment at a pressure of from 1 to 1000 mbar.'}3. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein{'sub': 2', '2, 'the bromine- and/or iodine-containing silicon compounds are HSiClBr or HSiClBr.'}4. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinsubjecting (ii) and optionally distilling (iii) are effected continuously.5. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe converted bromine- and/or iodine-containing silicon compounds in the distilling (iii) accumulate in a collection vessel of an apparatus for performing the process.6. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein{'sub': 'abs', 'in (iii) the distillative workup is effected at a pressure between 1 to 1500 mbar.'}7. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinin (iii) the distillative workup of the converted composition is effected at tops temperatures in the range from 40° C. to 250° C.8. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the plasma is a nonthermal plasma.9. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe composition in (iv) comprises not more than 1 ppmw of bromine and/or iodine.10. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinnonthermal plasma is generated in a tubular reactor.11. The process according to claim 8 ,wherein{'sup': '3', 'the plasma has a power density of 1 to 20 W/cm.'}12. The process according to claim 10 ,whereinnonthermal plasma is generated in a glass tubular reactor.13. The process according to claim 10 ,whereinnonthermal plasma is generated in a fused quartz tubular reactor. This application ...

HIGH POWER NON-THERMAL PLASMA SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Methods of increasing the total power of non-thermal plasma power systems are described. Various embodiments of the present invention provide non-thermal plasma reactor assemblies and methods of operating said assemblies, each assembly comprising: (a) at least two non-thermal plasma reactors, each reactor comprising at least one inlet circumferential gas flow inlet apparatus, an electrode, and a flow restricted exit portal, said reactor configured to eject a jet of non-thermal plasma external to said reactor; (b) said at least two non-thermal plasma reactors configured to work in tandem with one another such that a first reactor electrode can be maintained at a high voltage electric potential relative to a second reactor electrode, said first and second reactor electrodes forming an electrode pair able to maintain a non-thermal plasma discharge between the first and second reactor electrodes. 1. A non-thermal plasma reactor assembly comprising:at least two non-thermal plasma reactors, each reactor comprising at least one inlet circumferential gas flow inlet apparatus, an electrode, and a flow restricted exit portal, said reactor configured to eject a jet of non-thermal plasma external to said reactor;said at least two non-thermal plasma reactors configured to work in tandem with one another such that a first reactor electrode can be maintained at a high voltage electric potential relative to a second reactor electrode, said first and second reactor electrodes forming an electrode pair capable of maintaining a non-thermal plasma discharge between the first and second reactor electrodes.2. A non-thermal plasma reactor assembly , comprising:(a) an electrically grounded central reaction chamber having at least one inlet for feedstock and at least one outlet for product; (i) an electrode;', '(ii) at least one circumferential inlet gas flow apparatus; and', '(iii) a flow restricted exit portal;', 'the at least one inlet circumferential flow apparatus and flow restricted ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FLUORINATED ALKENES

Provided is a process for producing fluorinated alkenes by providing a microwave plasma in a reactor chamber, introducing a protective gas feed into the reactor chamber, and contacting a conversion feed comprising at least one fluorinated linear or branched alkane with the plasma. Also provided are an apparatus and the use of the process and the apparatus. 1. A process for producing fluorinated alkenes , the process comprising:a) providing a microwave plasma, forming a reaction zone, in a reactor comprising a reactor chamber at least partially confined by a reactor wall, wherein the reactor chamber has a substantially circular cross-section with a diameter and a length which length is perpendicular to the cross-section and is equal or greater than the diameter, and wherein the reactor chamber has in its central part a longitudinal axis running parallel to the length;b) providing a protective gas feed in the reactor chamber, and 'wherein the protective gas feed in the reactor chamber flows such that it creates or supports to create a reaction zone that extends in its axial direction along the longitudinal axis of the reactor chamber and is confined in its radial direction, which is perpendicular to its axial direction, to the central part of the reactor chamber such that is does not contact the reactor wall.', 'c) contacting a conversion feed comprising at least one fluorinated linear or branched alkane having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms with the plasma to produce a product stream containing a fluorinated alkene;'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma is generated by a microwave source arranged outside the reactor chamber and the reactor wall comprises a zone which is transparent to microwaves.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the protective gas comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of helium claim 1 , neon claim 1 , argon claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , fluorinated alkanes claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , steam ...

COLD PLASMA SEED TREATMENT DEVICE

Disclosed is a cold plasma seed treatment device, having a vacuum apparatus, an electric discharging apparatus, and a transport apparatus. The electric discharging apparatus and the transport apparatus are disposed in the vacuum apparatus. The vacuum apparatus is provided with a tube feeding hole and a tube discharging hole. The cold plasma seed treatment device further has a feeding apparatus and a discharging apparatus. The feeding apparatus comprises a first feeding hopper and a second feeding hopper, each of which is provided with a feeding cover, a vent valve, a discharging hole, and a vacuuming butterfly valve. Each of the discharging hole of the feeding hopper and the tube feeding hole are separately connected to a three-way pipe by using a butterfly valve. Each vacuuming butterfly valve is connected to a first vacuuming pump group. The discharging apparatus comprises a first discharging hopper and a second discharging hopper.

Process for preparing high-purity semi-metal compounds

The invention relates to a process for preparing dimeric and/or trimeric silanes by reaction of monosilane in noble gas in a non-thermal plasma, and also to a plant for performance of this process.

Plasma Activated Water

A thermal and non-thermal plasma activated water reactor system is provided that includes a reaction chamber, where the reaction chamber includes a gas inlet, a water inlet, a gas and water outlet, a ground electrode and reaction electrodes, where the water inlet and the water outlet are disposed to form a water vortex in the reaction chamber when water flows there through, where the reaction electrodes include a thermal plasma electrode and a non-thermal plasma electrode, and a plasma activated water reservoir that is disposed to receive the plasma activated water from the reaction chamber and disposed to return the plasma activated water to the reaction chamber.

DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE REACTOR FOR CATALYTIC NONTHERMAL PLASMA PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM METHANE

A dielectric barrier discharge reactor for catalytic nonthermal plasma production of hydrogen from methane. The dielectric barrier discharge reactor includes two end pieces connected by a dielectric tube, two steam generators, two catalyst cages, two perforated tube center electrodes, a center electrode rod, a grounding electrode. In one aspect, the end pieces and the dielectric tube are fabricated from ceramic and fused quartz respectively. In another aspect, the dielectric barrier discharge reactor further includes catalyst cages. In yet another aspect, the catalyst cages contain catalysts in form of pellets. In an alternate aspect, the dielectric barrier discharge reactor acts to cause a reaction between incoming reactant gases. The reaction is achieved under a plasma which is generated between the perforated tubular center electrode and the ground electrode. In yet another alternate aspect, the dielectric barrier discharge reactor is used at home to generate hydrogen from methane. 1. A catalytic nonthermal plasma apparatus , comprising:a first end piece with a plurality of conduits;a first steam generator connected to the first end piece;a perforated tubular center electrode connected to the first steam generator; and 'wherein the first end piece, the first steam generator, the perforated tubular center electrode and the surrounding ground electrode, in combination, enable catalytic nonthermal plasma production of hydrogen from methane.', 'a surrounding ground electrode,'}2. The catalytic nonthermal plasma apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of catalyst cages.3. The catalytic nonthermal plasma apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of catalyst cages comprise catalysts.4. The catalytic nonthermal plasma apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a second end piece with a plurality of conduits and a second steam generator connected to the second end piece.5. The catalytic nonthermal plasma apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising a ...

COMPACT PORTABLE PLASMA REACTOR

Embodiments of the subject invention relate to a small modular self-contained surface plasma device for decontamination of air and surfaces within enclosed volumes. Embodiments of the subject invention relate to a method and apparatus using the technical process of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) surface plasma generation from ambient atmosphere for decontamination of air and surfaces within enclosed volumes. The primary application mode is for preservation of perishable commodities within industrial shipping containers through reduction of surface spoilage organisms and destruction of evolved gaseous ethylene that causes premature ripening. Additional implementations include deployment for oxidation of surfaces and/or container atmospheres in applications to diminish or eradicate pesticides, toxins, chemical residues, and other natural or introduced contaminants. Other embodiments envisioned include incorporation of device capabilities and or ancillary modules for feedback input (e.g. ozone sensor(s) to maintain steady state levels, self-tuning circuitry to adjust operating frequency), communication (e.g. among modules, RFID data loggers, Wi-Fi output), and programing (e.g. user input of container volume, transit time, ozone level, etc.). 1. A method of treating water , comprising: interconnecting a power supply unit and a load , wherein the power supply unit comprises: a power amplifier , wherein the power amplifier comprises:a transformer; an inductor; a variable capacitor in parallel with a transistor, wherein an inductance value of the inductor and a capacitance value of the variable capacitor are set based on a resonance frequency of the transformed connected to the load; receiving, at the power amplifier, a supply voltage; outputting, via the power amplifier, a supply power to the load at an operating frequency; and adjusting a capacitance value of the variable capacitor to adjust an impedance of the power amplifier when an impedance of the load changes; ...

ORGANOFUNCTIONAL SILICON PARTICLES, PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE THEREOF

Organofunctional silicon particles are covalently functionalized on their surface with at least one organic compound, for example a plurality of —O—(C-C)-alkyl compounds. The functionalization of the surface of the silicon particles makes it possible to adjust the properties of fluids in terms of their profile of properties by addition of the modified silicon particles. For instance, the alkoxy-functionalized silicon particles may preferably be added to a motor oil as additives for reducing viscosity. 1. Organofunctional silicon particles , comprising:silicon particles which are covalently functionalized on their surface with at least one organic compound.2. The silicon particles according to claim 1 , whereinthe molecular weight of the organic compound is less than 600 g/mol.3. The silicon particles according to claim 1 , which are obtainable by introducing reactive silicon particles obtainable in situ in a plasmachemical process into an organic starting compound.4. The silicon particles according to claim 3 , wherein the organic starting compound is present as a gas or liquid at 1 bar and a temperature of not more than 100° C. or may be converted undecomposed into the liquid phase or gas phase claim 3 , at a pressure of 10bar to less than 1 bar and a temperature below 100° C.5. The silicon particles according to claim 3 , whereinthe organic starting compound is liquid and is at least one compound selected from group consisting of a monomeric organic compound, oxygen-comprising organic compounds, nitrogen-comprising organic compounds, sulfur-comprising organic compounds, halogen-comprising organic compounds or at least oxygen-, nitrogen- and/or sulfur-comprising organic compounds.6. The silicon particles according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of —O—(C-C)-alkyl claim 1 , —O—(C-C)-aryl claim 1 ,{'sub': 1', '48', '6', '20', '6', '20', '1', '48', '6', '20, '—O—(C-C)-alkyl-(C-C)-aryl, —O—(C-C)-aryl-(C-C)-alkyl, —(C-C)- ...

Reactor With Cold Turning Plasma And Stream Forcing

A reactor for forming a plasma in a flowing fluid that includes a central rod belonging to a first electrode, an insulator, a tubular body belonging to a second electrode and defining a cylindrical space for the flow of the fluid between the tubular body and the insulator. The reactor further includes control disk having a front face linked to a downstream end of the central rod, and a permanent magnet juxtaposed against a back face of the control disk. One or more ribs are on a front face of the control disk according to a pattern in relief defining successive starting points for an electric arc distributed around the central axis of the reactor so as to generate electric arcs situated on a reaction cone and appearing to turn around the central axis. 1. A plasma reactor for forming a plasma in a flowing fluid , the reactor comprising:a first and a second electrode connected to a source of alternating voltage, for the creation of electric arcs between the first and second electrodes for the purposes of generating a plasma in the flowing fluid;a portion of a vessel delimiting a reaction chamber within which the plasma is generated,wherein the first electrode comprises a central rod on a central axis of the reactor, where the rod is enveloped with an insulator except for a downstream end that projects from the insulator, and a connection region,the second electrode comprises a tubular body surrounding the insulator and having a discharge end situated in the reaction chamber,the reactor comprises a conducting control disk and has a front face linked to the downstream end of the central rod of the first electrode,the reactor further comprises a permanent magnet juxtaposed against a back face of the control disk,one or more grooves or ribs are on a front face of the control disk according to a pattern in relief defining successive electric arc starting points distributed around the central axis of the reactor so as to generate electric arcs on a reaction cone and appear ...

NON-THERMAL PLASMA GATE DEVICE

A plasma gate device comprises a housing, a gas inlet, first and second dielectrics, and first, second, and third electrodes. The housing includes an internal reactor chamber. The gas inlet receives a source gas that flows to the reactor chamber. The first and second dielectrics are spaced apart from one another, with each dielectric including an upper surface and a lower surface. The two dielectrics are oriented such that the lower surface of the first dielectric faces the upper surface of the second dielectric. The first and second dielectrics form boundaries of the reactor chamber. The first electrode receives a first electric voltage. The second electrode receives a second electric voltage. The first and second electric voltages in combination generate an electric field in the reactor chamber through which the source gas flows creating a positive ion plasma and a cloud of electrons. The third electrode attracts the electrons. 1. A plasma gate device comprising:a housing including an internal reactor chamber;a gas inlet configured to receive a source gas that flows to the reactor chamber;a first dielectric and a second dielectric spaced apart from one another, each dielectric including an upper surface and a lower surface, the two dielectrics oriented such that the lower surface of the first dielectric faces the upper surface of the second dielectric, wherein the first dielectric forms an upper boundary of the reactor chamber and the second dielectric forms a lower boundary of the reactor chamber;a first electrode in contact with the upper surface of the first dielectric and a second electrode in contact with the lower surface of the second dielectric, the first electrode configured to receive a first electric voltage, the second electrode configured to receive a second electric voltage, the first and second electric voltages in combination generating an electric field in the reactor chamber through which the source gas flows creating a positive ion plasma and a ...

METHOD OF INCREASING PARTICULATE SIZE

This invention relates to a method of increasing the size of particulates in a gas comprising particulates, e.g. a gas that is formed from the combustion of fuels. The method comprises mixing an ionised gas stream with the gas comprising particulates. 1. A method of increasing the size of particulates in a gas comprising particulates , the method comprising:directing a stream of gas towards a plasma source to generate an ionised gas stream; anddirecting the ionised gas stream towards the gas comprising particulates to convert a portion of the particulates into agglomerated particulates.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises collecting the agglomerated particulates.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream of gas is a stream of air.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas comprising particulates is an exhaust gas stream.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the exhaust gas is formed in the combustion of natural gas claim 4 , petrol claim 4 , diesel claim 4 , oil claim 4 , coal claim 4 , biogas claim 4 , wood or biomass fuel.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma source is an AC glow discharge claim 1 , microwave plasma claim 1 , gliding arc plasma claim 1 , radio frequency plasma claim 1 , DC corona torch claim 1 , DC corona discharge reactor claim 1 , or a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the plasma source is a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma source is a non-thermal plasma source.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proportion of fine particulates (PM) in the gas comprising particulates is reduced by at least 10%.10. A combustion apparatus comprising:a combustion chamber with an exhaust flue; anda plasma chamber for ionising gas, said plasma chamber having an ionised gas outlet that is coupled to the exhaust flue for mixing ionised gas with exhaust gas from the combustion chamber so as to allow mixing of the ionised gas with an ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SYNTHESIZING METHANE GAS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

A methane (CH) gas is synthesized from carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H) using catalyst-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In the method and apparatus for synthesizing methane gas of the invention, methane (CH) gas, which is synthetic natural gas, can be effectively synthesized only from carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H) using DBD plasma at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and also, additional heating and pressurization devices are not used during the methane gas synthesis process, thus reducing production costs and realizing high-value-added processing due to the absence of risks during the processing. 1. A method of synthesizing methane gas , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a gas supply step of supplying carbon dioxide (CO) gas and hydrogen (H) gas to a reactor containing a catalyst;'}{'sub': '4', 'a methane gas synthesis step of synthesizing methane (CH) gas by forming plasma on the catalyst in the reactor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure; and'}a separation step of separating the synthesized methane gas,wherein in the methane gas synthesis step, ionization of the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen is promoted by the plasma, and synthesis of the methane gas from the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen is promoted by the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a Ru/γ-AlOcatalyst prepared by impregnating configured such that a gamma-alumina support is impregnated with ruthenium (Ru).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plasma is dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the gas supply step comprises supplying nitrogen (N) or argon (Ar) gas to form the DBD plasma.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the separation step comprises recovering carbon dioxide claim 4 , hydrogen claim 4 , nitrogen and argon which are not used for synthesizing the methane gas claim 4 , and re-supplying the carbon dioxide claim 4 , the hydrogen claim 4 , the ...

Continuous Methods for Treating Liquids and Manufacturing Certain Constituents (e.g., Nanoparticles) in Liquids, Apparatuses and Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle/Liquid Solution(s) Resulting Therefrom

This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. The continuous process causes at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, zeta potential and properties present in a liquid. 1. A process for creating silver and zinc constituents in water comprising:flowing chilled water through at least one first trough member, said chilled water having an upper surface and a flow direction;providing at least one plasma-forming electrode comprising metallic silver;creating at least one plasma between said at least one plasma-forming electrode and at least a portion of said upper surface of said chilled water;providing at least one set of electrodes comprising silver in contact with said chilled water and located downstream in said flow direction from said at least one plasma-forming electrode;conducting at least one electrochemical reaction at said at least one set of ...

MAGNETIC FIELD ENHANCED PLASMA FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING

A method, system and equipment () for activating biochar () includes flowing a reactive gas into a chamber (), using an electrical field to create a plasma () in the chamber, using a magnetic field () to increase density of the plasma and activating biochar with the plasma in the chamber. Use of inductive magnetic coil(s) () with an essentially closed loop magnetic field, and/or a permanent magnet(s) () are also provided in a further aspect of the present method and apparatus. Another aspect causes magnetic densification of one or multiple plasmas in a chamber () to treat a previously produced layer of thin film (). 1. A method of increasing plasma density for activating biochar , the method comprising:(a) placing biochar in a vacuum;(b) creating an electrical field within the vacuum;(c) creating plasma with reactive gas in the vacuum;(d) creating a magnetic field in the vacuum between spaced apart magnets, to increase density of the plasma;(e) causing a majority flow direction of the magnetic field to be angularly offset from a majority flow direction of the electrical field within the vacuum;(f) moving the biochar in a longitudinal direction through a vacuum chamber during the creation of the plasma;(g) causing the majority flow direction of the magnetic field to extend in a substantially parallel direction to the longitudinal direction of movement of the biochar; and(h) activating the biochar with the increased density plasma.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnets are permanent magnets between which is located at least one RF electrode claim 1 , the RF electrode assisting in the creation of the plasma.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each of the permanent magnets are:(a) annular and longer in the longitudinal direction as compared to a cross-sectional thickness on one side thereof;(b) located longitudinally external to a majority of the plasma;(c) located longitudinally external to the biochar when the biochar is centrally located within the vacuum ...

FREE RADICAL GENERATOR AND METHODS OF USE

Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed. 1. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:a first discharge device;a second discharge device; anda convergent-divergent nozzle assembly comprising a convergent nozzle that is fluidly coupled to a divergent nozzle at a throat, whereina reactor exit of the first discharge device and a reactor exit of the second discharge device are fluidly coupled to the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly, andwherein the assembly is configured such that when fluid passes from the convergent nozzle to the divergent nozzle a suction pressure is created at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly that draws fluid from the reactor exit of the first discharge device and the reactor exit of the second discharge device.2. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:a first discharge device;a second discharge device; and a motor;', 'a hollow shaft including a shaft channel;', 'a coupling including one or more suction ports and a coupling channel; and', 'a turbine including a suction chamber that is fluidly coupled with a plurality of side channels, wherein, 'a mixing system for mixing free radicals generated by the first discharge device and free radicals generated by the second discharge device, the mixing system comprisingthe motor rotates the turbine to create an area of low pressure in the suction chamber such that a fluid containing free radicals is drawn from a reactor exit of the first discharge device and a reactor exit of the second discharge ...

LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA REACTION DEVICE AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE DECOMPOSITION METHOD

Described are a low temperature plasma reaction device and a hydrogen sulfide decomposition method. The reaction device includes: a first cavity; a second cavity, the second cavity being embedded inside or outside the first cavity; an inner electrode, the inner electrode being arranged in the first cavity; an outer electrode; and a barrier dielectric arranged between the outer electrode and the inner electrode. The hydrogen sulfide decomposition method includes: implementing dielectric barrier discharge at the outer electrode and the inner electrode of the low temperature plasma reaction device, introducing a raw material gas containing hydrogen sulfide into the first cavity to implement a hydrogen sulfide decomposition method, and continuously introducing a thermally conductive medium into the second cavity in order to control the temperature of the first cavity of the low temperature plasma reaction device. 1. A low-temperature plasma reaction apparatus , the reaction apparatus comprising:a first cavity provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, respectively;a second cavity nested outside or inside the first cavity, and a second inlet and a second outlet are respectively arranged on the second cavity;an inner electrode, at least part of the inner electrode extends into the first cavity;an outer electrode forming at least part of the sidewall of the first cavity or being disposed on the sidewall of the first cavity in a surrounding manner; anda barrier dielectric disposed between the inner electrode and the outer electrode such that a discharge region between the inner electrode and the outer electrode is separated by the barrier dielectric;both the inner electrode and the outer electrode are solid electrodes, and the shapes of the inner electrode and the outer electrode are matched with each other to form an isodiametric structure;{'sub': 1', '1', '2', '1', '1', '2', '1, 'the distance between the outer sidewall of the inner electrode and the inner sidewall of ...

Electrohydraulic and shear cavitation radial counterflow liquid processor

Axially fed fluid is sheared during long residence time in a radial workspace between counter-rotating coaxial disk-shaped centrifugal impellers. Gases evolve in the fractal turbulence of a shear layer, which is forced between laminar boundary layers, and an axial suction pump axially extracts evolved noncondensibles and volatiles through cores of radial vortices in the shear layer. Cavitation due to shear between the impellers kills pathogens by shock waves, microjets, OH radicals, and nearby UV light pulses. Oppositely charged electrodes bounding the workspace cause electroporesis and electrohydraulic cavitation. The electrodes are counter-rotating ridged armatures of disk dynamos, forming a dynamic capacitor having audio frequency pulsed electric fields. Electrode erosion by arcing is prevented by shear between the electrodes. The device is also a continuous crystallizer. Inductive repulsion keeps conductive fractions, including suspended metals such as arsenic and mercury, and mineralized water and brine, from passing through the dynamic capacitor at the periphery of the reactor along with the nonconductive solvent. Solutions reach saturation while gases such as carbon dioxide are axially extracted. Metals and concentrated dissolved solids linger in the highly turbulent workspace and agglomerate into chunks, until reaching a size where momentum transfer from the impellers can impel the chunk through the inductive repulsion. Atomized water sprays from the periphery of the workspace and evaporatively cools, precipitating salt and fine crystals of pharmaceuticals. Scale forming compounds precipitate in the reactor into chunks which are easily separable from cooling water or reverse osmosis feed by conventional means. Electrolytic cracking neutralizes ammonia and VOCs.

Microwave-Induced Non-Thermal Plasma Conversion of Hydrocarbons

A non-thermal plasma is generated to selectively convert a precursor to a product. More specifically, plasma forming material and a precursor material are provided to a reaction zone of a vessel. The reaction zone is exposed to microwave radiation, including exposing the plasma forming material and the precursor material to the microwave radiation. The exposure of the plasma forming material to the microwave radiation selectively converts the plasma forming material to a non-thermal plasma including formation of one or more streamers. The precursor material is mixed with the plasma forming material and the precursor material is exposed to the non-thermal plasma including exposing the precursor material to the one or more streamers. The exposure of the precursor material to the streamers and the microwave radiation selectively converts the precursor material to a product. 1. A method comprising:providing a plasma forming material to a reaction zone;exposing the plasma forming material to microwave radiation, the exposure selectively converting the plasma forming material to a non-thermal plasma, the non-thermal plasma forming one or more streamers;providing a hydrocarbon precursor material to the reaction zone; andexposing the hydrocarbon precursor material to the one or more streamers and the microwave radiation, the exposure of the hydrocarbon precursor material selectively converting the hydrocarbon precursor material to a product including one or more carbon enriched materials and one or more hydrogen enriched materials.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon precursor material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: aromatic claim 1 , alkylated aromatic claim 1 , paraffinic claim 1 , olefinic claim 1 , cycloolefin claim 1 , napthenic claim 1 , alkane claim 1 , alkene claim 1 , alkyl cycloalkane claim 1 , alkylated cycoalkane claim 1 , alkyne claim 1 , alcohol claim 1 , and heteroatom.3. The method of claim 1 , ...

Methods and Systems for Microwave Assisted Production of Graphitic Materials

Systems and methods for plasma based synthesis of graphitic materials. The system includes a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation, an interface element configured to transmit the plasma from the plasma forming zone to a reaction zone, and the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma. The reaction zone is further configured to receive feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and convert the feedstock material to a product comprising the graphitic materials in presence of the plasma. 136-. (canceled)37. A system for plasma based synthesis of hydrocarbon products , the system comprising:a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation, the plasma forming zone configured to transmit the plasma formed within a discharge tube to a reaction zone via a first path that includes an interface element;a feedstock source in fluid communication with the reaction zone via a second path; and receive, from the feedstock source via the second path, feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and', 'convert the feedstock material to a product in presence of the plasma., 'the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma, wherein the reaction zone is further configured to38. The system of claim 37 , wherein the plasma forming zone comprises a radiation source that is coupled to the discharge tube claim 37 , wherein the discharge tube is made from a conductive material.39. The system of claim 37 , wherein the discharge tube is configured to receive a plasma forming material claim 37 , wherein the plasma forming material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: argon claim 37 , hydrogen claim 37 , helium claim 37 , neon claim 37 , krypton claim 37 , xenon claim 37 , carbon dioxide claim 37 , nitrogen claim 37 , and water.40. The system of claim 39 , wherein a dielectric strength of the plasma forming material is less than a ...

Система, вырабатывающая электрическую энергию с помощью газификации горючих веществ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, в частности к технологии преобразования химической энергии горючих веществ в электрическую энергию с высокой эффективностью, где горючие вещества газифицируются для получения газа и полученный газ используется в топливном элементе для выработки электрической энергии. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение эффективности преобразования химической энергии горючих веществ в электрическую. Предложенная низкотемпературная газификационная печь для газификации горючих веществ, таких как горючие отходы или уголь, работает при температуре, например, 400-1000°С, а полученный газ затем подается в топливный элемент для выработки электрической энергии. Низкотемпературная газификационная печь предпочтительно представляет собой газификационную печь с псевдоожиженным слоем. 3 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 25 ил. ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 270 849 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ C10J 3/00 (2006.01) H01M 8/06 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2001115091/09, 05.11.1999 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 05.11.1999 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 05.11.1998 JP 10/330161 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÈÁÀÐÀ ÊÎÐÏÎÐÅÉØÍ (JP) (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 27.02.2006 Áþë. ¹ 6 2 2 7 0 8 4 9 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: RU 2107359 C1, 20.03.1973. RU 2073064 C1, 10.02.1997. RU 2121197 C1, 27.10.1998. SU 1114342 A3, 15.09.1984. RU 2014346 C1, 15.06.1994. ÅÐ 0170277 À, 05.02.1986. US 5509264 À, 23.04.1996. (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 05.06.2001 2 2 7 0 8 4 9 R U (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 00/27951 (18.05.2000) C 2 C 2 (86) Çà âêà PCT: JP 99/06185 (05.11.1999) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Å.È.Åìåëü íîâó (54) ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ, ÂÛÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÙÀß ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÓÞ ÝÍÅÐÃÈÞ Ñ ÏÎÌÎÙÜÞ ÃÀÇÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ ÃÎÐÞ×ÈÕ ÂÅÙÅÑÒ (57) Ðåôåðàò: Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ...

Process for the preparation of unsaturated halogen-containing hydrocarbons and device suitable therefor

Verfahren zur Herstellung ethylenisch ungesättigter halogenhaltiger aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe durch thermische Spaltung von gesättigten halogenhaltigen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen umfassend die Maßnahmen: a) Einleiten eines Eduktgasstroms enthaltend erhitzten gasförmigen halogenhaltigen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoff in einen Reaktor, in dessen Innenraum mindestens eine Zuleitung für ein Gas mündet, b) Einleiten eines erhitzten Gases, das durch thermische oder nicht-thermische Zersetzung von Spaltpromotoren gebildete Radikale enthält durch die mindestens eine in den Reaktor mündende Zuleitung, wobei das erhitzte Gas mindestens die Temperatur aufweist, die der an der Stelle der Mündung der Zuleitung herrschenden Temperatur des Eduktgasstroms im Reaktor entspricht, und c) Einstellen eines solchen Drucks und einer solchen Temperatur im Innern des Reaktors, so dass durch thermische Spaltung des halogenhaltigen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffs Halogenwasserstoff und ethylenisch ungesättigter halogenhaltiger aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoff gebildet werden, mit der Massgabe, dass die Radikalerzeugung durch thermische Zersetzung durch Erhitzen eines mit Inertgas verdünnten Spaltpromotoren enthaltenden Gases erfolgt. Process for the preparation of ethylenically unsaturated halogen-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal decomposition of saturated halogen-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons comprising the measures: a) introducing a reactant gas stream containing heated gaseous halogen-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon into a reactor in whose interior at least one feed line for a gas opens, b) introducing a heated gas which contains radicals formed by thermal or non-thermal decomposition of cleavage promoters through the at least one inlet opening into the reactor, wherein the heated gas has at least the temperature that prevails at the location of the mouth of the feed line temperature corresponds to the reactant gas stream in the reactor, and c) setting such ...

Plasma reactor for conversion of gas to liquid fuel

FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the method and device for conversion of gaseous hydrocarbon to liquid hydrocarbon. The reactor based on the principle of non-thermal repeated pulse creeping discharge comprises a high-voltage source of energy designed to deliver pulse high-voltage potential; an inlet opening for gas; an inlet opening for liquid sorbent; an outlet opening for product; the first electrodes connected to the high-voltage source of energy; the second grounded electrodes; and a channel; at that the first electrodes are separated from the second ones by discharge area. EFFECT: invention allows reduction of energy costs at production of liquid products and increase in productive capacity of reactor systems. 53 cl, 3 tbl, 6 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 530 110 C2 (51) МПК B01J 19/08 (2006.01) C07C 27/10 (2006.01) C10G 15/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012131662/05, 29.01.2010 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 29.01.2010 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВОЭНЕРДЖИ, ЛЛС (US) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.03.2014 Бюл. № 7 R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 29.01.2010 (72) Автор(ы): Новосёлов Юрий Николаевич (RU), Суслов Алексей Иннокентьевич (RU), Кутенков Олег Петрович (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 10.10.2014 Бюл. № 28 20030136661 A1, 24.07.2003. RU 2227153 C1, 20.04.2004. US 20050255011 A1, 17.11.2005. RU 2184601 C1, 10.07.2002. RU 2249609 C1, 06.11.2003 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 29.08.2012 2 5 3 0 1 1 0 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2003011182 A1, 31.07.2003; . US (86) Заявка PCT: 2 5 3 0 1 1 0 R U C 2 C 2 RU 2010/000032 (29.01.2010) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2011/093736 (04.08.2011) Адрес для переписки: 190000, Санкт-Петербург, ВОХ-1125, ПАТЕНТИКА (54) ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГАЗА В ЖИДКОЕ ТОПЛИВО (57) Реферат: Изобретение ...

Method for producing unsaturated halogenic hydrocarbons and device suitable for use with said method

本发明涉及由饱和含卤脂族烃的热裂解而制备烯属不饱和含卤脂族烃的方法。根据该方法，将进料气体流引入反应器中，该反应器包括至少一个通向该反应器内部的进料管线，通过该进料管线向反应器供给从分裂促进剂形成的含有自由基的受热气体。用该方法可以实现分裂反应产率的提高。

Fuel oxygen reduction unit with plasma reactor

A fuel oxygen reduction unit for an aeronautical engine is provided. The fuel oxygen reduction unit includes a stripping gas line that provides a stripping gas flow and a plasma reactor in fluid communication with the stripping gas line. The plasma reactor includes a plasma reactor gas inlet that receives the stripping gas flow from the stripping gas line and a plasma reactor gas outlet that provides the stripping gas flow back to the stripping gas line, the plasma reactor configured to reduce a free oxygen content of the stripping gas flow such that an outlet free oxygen content of the stripping gas flow that exits the plasma reactor gas outlet is lower than an inlet free oxygen content of the stripping gas flow that enters the plasma reactor gas inlet.

Chemical processing by non-thermal discharge plasma

【課題】 非熱キャピラリー放電プラズマ（ＮＴ−ＣＤＰ）ユニットや非熱スロット放電プラズマ（ＮＴ−ＳＤＰ）ユニット（これらを合わせて「ＮＴ−ＣＤＰ／ＳＤＰ」と称する）を用いて化学反応を活性化する方法。 【解決手段】 ＮＴ−ＣＤＰ／ＳＤＰユニットは、二層の誘電体層（８、９）間に設けられた第一電極を含み、第一電極及び誘電体層は少なくとも一個の貫通孔（例えばキャピラリーやスロット）を有する。この貫通孔に誘電体スリーブ（３）が挿入されていると共に、少なくとも一個の第二電極（２）（例えば、ピンやリング、金属ワイヤ、テーパ付金属ブレード等の形状のもの）が、組み合わされた貫通孔と流体連通関係にあるように設けられる。第一電極と第二電極との間に電圧差が与えられると、貫通孔から非熱プラズマ放電が放射される。すると、処理対象の化学原料が非熱プラズマにさらされる。このプロセッシングは、次の例示的化学反応、即ち、（i）官能基が導入された有機化合物を生成するための炭化水素原料の部分酸化、（ii）ポリマー繊維（例えば、炭素繊維製造におけるＰＡＮ繊維前駆物質）の化学的安定化、（iii）改質に適した原料を生成するための長鎖石油炭化水素の予備改質、（iv）一酸化炭素と水素ガスを生成するための化学的還元雰囲気（例えば、アンモニアや尿素）中での天然ガスの改質、（v）プラズマ強化水性ガス転化に適している。

Plasma reactor

A stacked non-thermal plasma reactor which has a structure capable of absorbing thermal stress locally generated in the reactor in an environment with severe gas temperature fluctuations, can secure electrical insulating property although the reactor is exposed to a gas flow containing water, particulate matters and the like, and can be fixed onto one side face of a case simply and reliably such that the reactor is mounted on the case is provided. A stacked non-thermal plasma reactor comprises: a stacked material(104) formed by stacking a plus electrode(101), a minus electrode(102) and a spacer sequentially and repeatedly; a reactor body(105) only formed on one side of the stacked material to hold the stacked material; deformation preventing unit(107) capable of dispersing the heat stress to improve thermal shock performance by preventing local generation of thermal stress in the plus electrodes and the minus electrodes due to thermal expansion or contraction; external terminals(108,109) formed on the reactor body and connected to the plus and minus electrodes; and a projection part(110) which is formed on a surface of the reactor body perpendicular to a stacking direction of the stacked material to simply fix the reactor to a case, wherein the plus electrode and the minus electrode are arranged alternately and repeatedly to form passages(106) by the spacers so that gas can pass through the passages.

Delivery systems and methods for electric plasma synthesis of nitrogen oxide

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine, namely to devices for generating nitrogen oxide. The device contains a case, an insulator, a pair of electrodes, a power source, a particle filter, an absorber, a controller, and a flow path. The case includes the first wall with an aperture formed in it to provide an access to a recess, as well as the second wall allowing a gas stream to pass through it. The insulator is located in the recess. Electrodes are located inside the case so that to contact with the insulator. The power source is connected to the pair of electrodes to supply electricity to the pair of electrodes to cause a chemical reaction inside the recess that generates nitrogen oxide. The filter is designed to filter particles near the second wall. The absorber is located next to the particle filter to control a number of unwanted byproducts of the chemical reaction caused by operation of the pair of electrodes. The controller is connected to the power source and is made with the possibility of selective supplying electricity to the pair of electrodes to reach one or more electric discharges between electrodes to generate nitrogen oxide inside the case. Along the flow path, nitrogen oxide is directed through the second wall of the case to the respiratory tract of a subject by means of convective transfer. EFFECT: possibility of reduction in the need for generation of nitrogen oxide is achieved, which eliminates the need for production of greater amount of wasted gaseous nitrogen oxide. 57 cl, 23 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 768 488 C2 (51) МПК A61M 16/10 (2006.01) A61M 16/04 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК A61M 16/0003 (2021.08); A61M 16/022 (2021.08); A61M 16/107 (2021.08); A61M 16/04 (2021.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018137498, 27.03.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 24.03.2022 25.03.2016 US 62/313,529 (43) ...

Method for producing at least one selected from methanol, formaldehyde and hydrocarbon having C2 or more, and apparatus for conversion of methane, using plasma-catalyst

본 발명은 플라즈마-촉매를 이용한 메탄올, 포름알데하이드 및 C 2 이상의 탄화수소 중 어느 하나 이상을 생산하는 방법 및 메탄 전환 장치에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 플라즈마와 촉매를 이용한 메탄 전환 반응에서, 불활성 기체를 캐리어 가스로 사용하고 기체 분리막 모듈을 사용함으로써 메탄의 전환율을 높이고, 목적하는 생성물을 고순도로 수득할 수 있다. 나아가 불활성 기체를 분리 회수하여 재사용하거나, 반응 결과물들로부터 물을 제거하면서 발생하는 흡착열을 활용함으로써, 경제적인 공정이 가능하다.

Amine immobilized heterogeneous base catalyst and its preparing method

본 발명은 저온플라즈마 중합법을 이용하여 지지체 표면에 아민기를 함유한 유기 고분자를 균일하게 코팅함으로서, 한 단계(one-step)만으로 아민이 고정된 불균일계 염기 촉매를 제조하는 새로운 기술이다. 상세하게는, 저온플라즈마 중합법은 고체 표면 개질에 적합한 기술로, 코팅된 박막과 지지체 간의 접착력이 우수하며 건식방법으로 제조하기 때문에 용매에 의한 환경오염이 없고 경제적으로 지지체 표면을 개질할 수 있는 방법이다. 따라서 본 발명에서 제조된 아민 고정화 염기 촉매는 지지체 표면에 염기물질이 균일하고 안정적으로 부착될 수 있으며, 한 단계 만으로 촉매를 제조할 수 있어 많은 시간과 비용이 절약되는 장점이 있다. 저온플라즈마, 불균일계염기촉매, 아민

Functionalized metal powders by small particles made by non-thermal plasma glow discharge for additive manufacturing applications

The present invention discloses a non-thermal plasma treatment of metal powders in order to improve their processability by additive manufacturing (AM). The invention consists in bonding primary particles constituted of metals or metal alloys to a plurality of secondary particles constituted of metals, metal alloys, ceramics or polymers by the mean of a non-thermal plasma treatment. The primary particles have a larger mean diameter than the secondary. Both particles are injected through a non-thermal plasma glow discharge and/or in its afterglow region (region downstream the plasma discharge) where their surfaces are cleaned by removing contaminants and/or oxide layer and activated to react between each other. The functionalized metal powders are then collected and afterwards processed by AM leading to high quality parts. The functionalized metal powders produced by this plasma treatment improve the processability of metal by AM. Indeed, decreasing the reflectivity, removing contaminant and oxide layer, enhancing the isotropic solidification of melted materials and decreasing the sintering temperature enhance the efficiency of powder based AM processes

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas to produce a liquid fuel and hydrogen from biomass or fossil coal

본 발명은 탄소화 화합물(바이오매스, 가정의 쓰레기, 폐수로부터의 슬러지, 화석 석탄)로부터 주로 일산화탄소(CO) 및 이수소(H2)를 생성하는 데 마이크로파 및 플라즈마와 함께 태양열 에너지를 사용하는 시스템에 관한 것으로, 여기서 얻어지는 가스 혼합물은 특히 피셔-트롭쉬 합성에 의하여 탄화수소 연료(올레핀, 파라핀), 에스테르 및 알콜을 생성시킨다. 본 발명은 제1 단계에서 탄소화 화합물을 건조 및 열분해하여 목탄 및 건조 석탄 그리고 CO2, 증기, 타르 및 비응축성 휘발성 물질을 함유하는 과열된 가스 혼합물을 생성하는 것을 포함하고, 제2 단계에서 열분해 생성물(목탄 또는 석탄, 가스 혼합물)로부터 피셔-트롭쉬 합성 유닛에 사용되는 실질적으로 일산화탄소 및 이수소의 혼합물을 함유하는 합성 가스를 발생시키는 것을 포함한다. 피셔-트롭쉬 단계 후, 합성 생성물은 혼합로(태양/마이크로파)의 태양로에서의 가열 후 증류 칼럼에 의하여 분리된다. 플라즈마의 생성에 필요한 열에너지는 태양 전지, 풍력 터빈, 증류 후 재생될 수 없는 탄화수소 가스에 대해서 작동하는 발전기 및 전체 방법을 통해 열에너지를 회수하기 위한 시스템에 의하여 생성된다. The present invention relates to a system for using solar energy together with microwaves and plasmas to produce mainly carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) from carbonated compounds (biomass, household waste, sludge from wastewater, fossil coal) , Wherein the resulting gas mixture produces hydrocarbon fuels (olefins, paraffins), esters and alcohols, in particular by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The present invention comprises drying and pyrolyzing a carbonized compound in a first step to produce an overheated gas mixture containing charcoal and dry coal and CO2, steam, tar and non-condensable volatiles, wherein in the second step the pyrolysis product And a synthesis gas containing substantially carbon monoxide and a mixture of these hydrogels to be used in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit from carbon monoxide (charcoal or coal, gas mixture). After the Fischer-Tropsch step, the synthesis product is separated by a distillation column after heating in a mixing furnace (solar / microwave) sunroof. The thermal energy required to generate the plasma is generated by a solar cell, a wind turbine, a generator operating on hydrocarbon gas that can not be regenerated after distillation, and a system for collecting thermal energy through the entire process.

Plasma assisted conversion of carbonaceous materials into synthesis gas

A method and system for producing synthesis gas in which a carbonaceous material and at least one oxygen carrier are introduced into a non-thermal plasma reactor at a temperature in the range of about 300° C. to about 700° C. and a pressure in a range of about atmospheric to about 70 atmospheres and a non-thermal plasma discharge is generated within the non-thermal plasma reactor. The carbonaceous material and the oxygen carrier are exposed to the non-thermal plasma discharge, resulting in the formation of a synthesis gas in the non-thermal plasma reactor.

Plasma based trace metal removal apparatus and method

A system and method for the removal of metals such as mercury from a gas stream. The method involves contacting a gas stream containing the target metals with reactive chemical species generated in a plasma device. The metal to be removed is chemically converted into forms enabling capture in either conventional particulate removal devices or in a wet scrubber for the capture of a soluble chemical species.

Method and apparatus for synthesizing methane gas from carbon dioxide and hydrogen

본 발명은 상온 및 상압 조건하에서 이산화탄소와 수소를 이용한 메탄가스 합성방법 및 합성장치에 관한 것으로, 보다 구체적으로는 상온 및 상압 조건하에서 촉매-유전체장벽방전(DBD) 플라즈마를 이용하여 이산화탄소(CO 2 )와 수소(H 2 )만으로 합성천연가스인 메탄(CH 4 , Methane)가스를 합성하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 메탄가스 합성방법 및 합성장치에 의하면, 상온 및 상압 조건하에서 촉매-유전체장벽방전(DBD) 플라즈마를 이용하여 이산화탄소(CO 2 )와 수소(H 2 )만으로 합성천연가스인 메탄(CH 4 , Methane)가스를 합성할 수 있는 효과가 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 메탄가스 합성방법 및 합성장치에 의하면, 메탄가스 합성 공정을 수행하기 위한 별도의 가열 장비 및 가압장비를 사용하지 않아 제조비용이 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 공정 수행 상의 위험성이 없어 부가가치가 높은 장점이 있다.

Plasma assisted conversion of carbonaceous materials into synthesis gas

A method and system for producing synthesis gas in which a carbonaceous material and at least one oxygen carrier are introduced into a non-thermal plasma reactor at a temperature in the range of about 300° C. to about 700° C. and a pressure in a range of about atmospheric to about 70 atmospheres and a non-thermal plasma discharge is generated within the non-thermal plasma reactor. The carbonaceous material and the oxygen carrier are exposed to the non-thermal plasma discharge, resulting in the formation of a synthesis gas in the non-thermal plasma reactor.

Electrohydraulic and shear cavitation radial counterflow liquid processor

轴向供入的流体在异向旋转的同轴的圆盘形离心式叶轮之间的径向工作空间中在长停留时间期间被剪切。气体在剪切层的在层流边界层之间促成的分形湍流中逸出，并且轴向吸入泵通过剪切层中的径向旋涡的中心轴向抽出逸出的不可凝物和挥发物。叶轮之间的剪切导致的空化通过冲击波、微射流、OH自由基和附近的UV光脉冲杀死病原体。界定工作空间的以相反电荷充电的电极引起电泳和电液空化。电极是圆盘发电机的异向旋转的有脊的转子，形成具有音频脉冲电场的动态电容器。通过电极之间的剪切，防止了电弧放电导致的电极腐蚀。设备也是连续结晶器。感应性排斥使导电部分，包括悬浮金属例如砷和汞以及矿化水和盐水，不随着不导电的溶剂经过反应器的外周处的动态电容器。溶液达到饱和，而气体，例如二氧化碳，被轴向抽出。金属和浓缩的溶解固体在高度湍流的工作空间中停留并且聚结为块，直到达到来自叶轮的动量传递可以推动块通过感应性排斥的大小。雾化的水从工作空间的外周喷雾并且在蒸发下冷却，从而使盐和药物的精细晶体沉淀。形成结垢的化合物在反应器中沉淀为块，该块可通过常规的装置而容易地从冷却水或反渗透供入物分离。电解裂化中和氨和VOC。

Cold plasma seed-treating apparatus

本发明公开了一种冷等离子体种子处理设备，包括真空装置以及设置在真空装置内的放电装置和传输装置，在真空装置上设置有筒体进料口和筒体出料口，还包括一进料装置和一出料装置，进料装置包括第一进料斗和第二进料斗，第一进料斗和第二进料斗分别设置有进料盖、进料斗放气阀、进料斗出料口以及进料斗抽真空蝶阀，第一进料斗和第二进料斗的进料斗出料口以及筒体进料口分别通过一进料斗蝶阀与一三通管连接；在所述的第一进料斗和第二进料斗的进料斗抽真空蝶阀上连接有第一抽真空泵机组，出料装置包括第一出料斗和第二出料斗。本发明适用于处理各种作物的种子，处理成本低、速度快、无污染，且作物抗旱、抗病虫害等抗逆能力得到提高，增产效果显著。

Process for the preparation of pure octachlorotrisilanes and decachlorotetrasilanes

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von trimeren und/oder quartären Siliciumverbindungen oder von trimeren und/oder quartären Germaniumverbindungen, wobei ein Gemisch aus Siliciumverbindungen oder ein Gemisch aus Germaniumverbindungen einem nichtthermischen Plasma ausgesetzt wird, und die resultierende Phase zumindest einmal einer Vakuum-Rektifikation und Filtration unterzogen wird.

Process and apparatus for purifying hydrogen-containing silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von mit mindestens einer wasserstoffhaltigen Verbindung verunreinigtem Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid, indem man das zu reinigende Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid gezielt mittels kaltem Plasma behandelt und aus der so behandelten Phase Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid gewinnt. DOLLAR A Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wobei eine Bevorratungs- und Verdampfungseinheit für Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid (4.1 bzw. 5.1), die über eine Verbindungsleitung mit dem Einlass des Reaktors (4.3 bzw. 5.3) mit Steuereinheit (4.4 bzw. 5.4) zur Durchführung der dielektrischen behinderten Entladungen verbunden ist, dessen Auslass über eine Rohrleitung direkt oder indirekt über mindestens einen weiteren Reaktor (5.5) zu einer Kondensationseinheit (4.5 bzw. 5.11) mit nachgeschaltetem Auffangbehälter (4.6 bzw. 5.12) führt, wobei dieser über eine Entnahmeleitung (4.6.2 bzw. 5.12.1) mit einer Destillationseinheit (4.8 bzw. 5.13) verbunden sowie gegebenenfalls mit einer Zuführung (4.6.1) zur Einheit (4.1) ausgestattet ist. The invention relates to a process for purifying silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride contaminated with at least one hydrogen-containing compound by selectively treating the silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride to be purified by means of cold plasma and extracting silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride from the phase treated in this way. DOLLAR A Further, the present invention relates to an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention, wherein a storage and evaporation unit for silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride (4.1 or 5.1), via a connecting line to the inlet of the reactor (4.3 or 5.3) with control unit ( 4.4 or 5.4) for carrying out the dielectrically impeded discharges, the outlet of which via a pipeline leads ...

Process and apparatus for the production of silanes

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von dimeren und/oder trimeren Silanen durch Umsetzung von Monosilan in einem Plasma sowie eine Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. The invention relates to a process for the preparation of dimeric and / or trimeric silanes by reacting monosilane in a plasma and to a plant for carrying out the process.

Method of production of the non-saturated halogen-containing hydrocarbons and the device for the methods realization

FIELD: petrochemical industry; methods of production of the ethylene non-saturated halogen-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons. SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the method of production of the ethylene non-saturated halogen-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by the thermal fission of the saturated halogen-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons. The initial gas stream introduce into the reactor having, at least, one entering in its internal part feeding line, through which the heated gas formed from the fission promoters and containing the radicals comes into the reactor. The invention is also pertaining to the reactor used for realization of the method. At that generation of the radicals is exercised outside the reactor. The technical result of the invention is the increased output of the fission reaction. EFFECT: the invention ensures the increased output of the fission reaction. 36 cl, 1 ex, 9 dwg ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 316 533 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ C07C 17/25 C07C 21/06 B01J 19/26 B01J 38/10 B01J 8/02 B01J 19/12 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2004135106/04, 30.04.2003 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 30.04.2003 (30) Êîíâåíöèîííûé ïðèîðèòåò: 02.05.2002 (ïï.1-36) DE 10219723.7 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 10.06.2005 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÓÄÅ ÃÌÁÕ (DE) (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 10.02.2008 Áþë. ¹ 4 2 3 1 6 5 3 3 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: US 4590318 À, 20.05.1986. US 4584420 À, 22.04.1986. US 4417964 À, 29.11.1983. US 6030506 A, 29.02.2000. US 3051639 A, 28.08.1962. SU 1665874 A3, 23.07.1991. SU 675755 A1, 15.11.1985. 2 3 1 6 5 3 3 R U (86) Çà âêà PCT: EP 03/04519 (30.04.2003) C 2 C 2 (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 02.12.2004 (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 03/093207 (13.11.2003) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ...

Plasma reactor for cleaning silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride, comprises reactor housing, micro unit for plasma treatment, metallic heat exchanger, dielectric, perforated plate, lattice or network and high voltage electrode

The plasma reactor for cleaning silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride contaminated with hydrogen containing compounds, comprises reactor housing, high voltage supply, micro unit for plasma treatment, grounded metallic heat exchanger (4.2), dielectric (4.4), perforated plate, grid or network (4.1) and a high voltage electrode (4.3). The longitudinal axis of the dielectric, the metallic heat exchangers and the high voltage electrode are oriented parallel to one another and oriented parallel to the vector direction of the gravity force. Independent claims are included for: (1) System for production of highly pure silicon tetrachloride or highly pure germanium tetrachloride; and (2) procedure for production of highly pure silicon tetrachloride or highly pure germanium tetrachloride.

DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTRIC PLASMA SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN OXIDE

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2018 137 498 A (51) МПК A61M 16/10 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2018137498, 27.03.2017 (71) Заявитель(и): ДЗЕ ДЖЕНЕРАЛ ХОСПИТАЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 25.03.2016 US 62/313,529 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 25.10.2018 R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.04.2020 Бюл. № 12 (72) Автор(ы): ЗЕЙПОЛ, Уоррен (US), БЛЭЗИ, Арон (US), ЮЙ, Бинлань (US), ХИККОКС, Мэтт (US) (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2017/165888 (28.09.2017) A Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б.Спасская, 25, строение 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры" R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Устройство для генерирования оксида азота, содержащее: корпус, включающий в себя первую стенку со сформированной в ней апертурой для обеспечения доступа к углублению, а также вторую стенку, позволяющую потоку газа проходить через нее; изолятор, расположенный в этом углублении; пару электродов, расположенных внутри корпуса так, чтобы они по меньшей мере частично контактировали с изолятором; источник питания, соединенный с парой электродов для подачи на них электричества с тем, чтобы вызвать внутри углубления химическую реакцию, которая генерирует оксид азота; фильтр для частиц, предназначенный для фильтрации частиц, около второй стенки; поглотитель, расположенный возле фильтра для частиц, чтобы управлять количеством нежелательных побочных продуктов химической реакции, вызываемой работой пары электродов; контроллер, соединенный с источником питания и выполненный с возможностью выборочно подавать электричество на пару электродов для того, чтобы достичь одного или более электрических разрядов между электродами с тем, чтобы генерировать оксид азота внутри корпуса; и Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 8 1 3 7 4 9 8 (54) СИСТЕМЫ ДОСТАВКИ И СПОСОБЫ ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАЗМЕННОГО СИНТЕЗА ОКСИДА АЗОТА 2 0 1 8 1 3 7 4 9 8 US 2017/024331 ...

Gas processing method and gas processing apparatus utilizing oxidation catalyst and low-temperature plasma

本发明公开了一种气体的处理方法，其特征在于，在霍加拉特催化剂的存在下使发生低温等离子体；还公开了一种气体的处理装置，其特征在于，具有保持霍加拉特催化剂的低温等离子体发生部。利用上述的处理方法及处理装置，能够高效率地将被处理气体中的有害成分(例如一氧化碳或挥发性有机化合物)氧化从而无害化，将臭气无臭化，而且，从已处理的气体中除去或减少微生物。

Process and apparatus for purifying silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride containing hydrogen compounds

본 발명은 정제하고자 하는 사염화규소 또는 사염화게르마늄을 표적화된 방법으로 저온 플라즈마에 의하여 처리하고, 정제한 사염화규소 또는 사염화게르마늄을 상기 방법으로 처리한 상으로부터 분리하는 것인, 1 이상의 수소 함유 화합물로 오염된 사염화규소 또는 사염화게르마늄의 처리 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 사염화규소 또는 사염화게르마늄을 위한 스톡 및 기화 유닛(4.1 또는 5.1)을 포함하며, 상기 스톡 및 기화 유닛은 반응기(4.3 또는 5.3)의 투입부와의 연결 라인에 의하여 제어 유닛(4.4 또는 5.4)과 연결되어 있으며, 상기 제어 유닛은 유전체 힌더드 방전을 생성하기 위한 것으로서, 이의 배출부는 1 이상의 추가의 반응기 유닛(5.5)에 의하여 직접적으로 또는 간접적으로 파이프를 경유하여 응축 유닛(4.5 또는 5.11)에 도달하게 되며, 상기 응축 유닛은 하류 수집 용기(4.6 또는 5.12)에 연결되며, 상기 하류 수집 용기는 유통 라인(4.6.2 또는 5.12.1)을 통하여 증류 유닛(4.8 또는 5.13)에 연결되며, 필요할 경우 공급 라인(4.6.1)이 장착되어 유닛 (4.1)에 연결되는, 본 발명의 방법을 실시하기 위한 장치에 관한 것이다. The present invention is contaminated with one or more hydrogen-containing compounds, wherein the silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride to be purified is treated by a low temperature plasma in a targeted method, and the purified silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride is separated from the phase treated by the above method. It relates to a method for treating silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride. The present invention comprises a stock and vaporization unit (4.1 or 5.1) for silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride, which is connected to the control unit (4.4 or 5.4) by means of a connection line with the input of the reactor (4.3 or 5.3). And the control unit is for generating a dielectric hindered discharge, the discharge of which is via the pipe directly or indirectly by means of one or more additional reactor units (5.5). , The condensation unit is connected to a downstream collection vessel (4.6 or 5.12), which is connected to a distillation unit (4.8 or 5.13) via a distribution line (4.6.2 or 5.12.1), It is directed to an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention, in which a supply line (4.6.1) is fitted and connected to the unit (4.1), if necessary.

Procedure for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon and oxidant products uses electrical discharge to produce a non-thermic plasma in a spiral reagent flow

The procedure consists of creating a reaction in a cylindrical chamber (100) between hydrocarbon and oxidant products in a spiral flow, using an electrical discharge to produce a non-thermic plasma, the discharge being selected so that the plasma is moved by the products to occupy the major part of the chamber. The discharge is produced by a high-tension generator fed by a low-tension current source and comprises a single or double resonance converter. The spiral flow of the products is created by a tangential injection of at least one of the reagents through one or more injectors that are preferably spaced at even intervals round the axis of the chamber, and possibly in groups. The reagents are introduced in the form of gases, either separately or pre-mixed.

Plasma surface treatment using dielectric barrier discharges

A process for the in-flight surface treatment of powders using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Torch operating at atmospheric pressures or soft vacuum conditions is described herein. The process comprising feeding a powder material into the Dielectric Barrier Discharge Torch yielding powder particles exhibiting a reduced powder agglomeration feature; in-flight modifying the surface properties of the particles; and collecting coated powder particles. An apparatus for surface treating micro- and nanoparticles comprising a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Torch operating at atmospheric pressure or soft vacuum conditions is also described herein.

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF SELECTIVELY HYDROGEN PERMEABLE MEMBRANES AND FUEL GAS PROCESSORS USING THE SAME

The invention relates to a composite structure consisting of a relatively long filtration bar comprising, from the outside, an ultra-thin layer (26) that is selectively permeable to hydrogen and made from palladium or silver alloy. Said layer is disposed on a permeable, rigid, refractory substrate consisting of a more or less solid body (30) that is covered with an intermediary thin layer (28) having a relatively smooth surface. The body (30) and the intermediary layer (28) are made respectively by sintering with fine and ultra-fine Inconel grains. A rigid metallic axial structure (32) is embedded in the body (30). Veinlets (31), which are made in the body (30) through the destruction of thermo-destructible wires during sintering, increase the permeability of the substrate. The invention is particularly applicable to hydrogen-producing combustible gas processors.

Plasma treatment within dielectric fluids

A dielectric liquid having entrained bubbles of gas or vapor is subjected to an electric field applied between spaced electrodes (112, 116) which generat es microdischarges (and thus plasma) within the bubbles, allowing modification of the properties of the dielectric liquid. The invention is particularly usefu l for treating hydrocarbon liquids such as gasolines and other liquid hydrocarbon fuels, which have extremely low dielectric constants. Generating microdischarges within bubbles in such fuels can create compounds useful for higher combustion efficiency and/or lower emissions in internal combustion engines. The invention may be directly implemented in an engine's fuel line upstream from the combustion chamber (e.g., immediately prior to a fuel injector), thereby allowing the invention to be usefully implemented for fue l treatment prior to combustion.

METHOD USING PLASMA-COUPLED SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY TO PRODUCE LIQUID FUEL AND DIHYDROGEN FROM BIOMASS OR FOSSIL CHARCOAL (P-SL AND P-SU PROCESS)

A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves; and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with superimposed or nested cyclone units, heated directly by microwaves. A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using a synergistic combination of thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation concentrated, by convergence or reflection, onto the wall surfaces and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves directed into the reactor interior and (I); and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with at least two superimposed or nested cyclone units, in which (i) a gaseous vortex entrains and oxidizes particles of (III) utilizing combustion of (IV) or an additional gas, (ii) heated gas (or gaseous mixture) is injected into the cyclone components and (iii) gas present in the reactor is heated by microwaves directed into the reactor.

Satellite-Shaped Flexible Plasma Generator

본 발명은 냉각이 가능하고 온도 제어가 가능한 선형 유연전극 플라즈마 발생장치에 관한것으로, 플라즈마가 방전되는 상황에서 전극 자체의 온도를 제어할 수 있어 보다 효율적인 전력제어가 가능하고, 플라즈마 방전시 전극의 표면온도를 낮출수 있어, 살균/제독/치료/미용 등을 목적으로 활용이 가능하다. The present invention relates to a linear flexible electrode plasma generator capable of cooling and temperature control, and can control the temperature of the electrode itself in a plasma discharge situation, thereby enabling more efficient power control, and the surface of the electrode during plasma discharge. It can lower the temperature, so it can be used for the purpose of sterilization / detoxification / treatment / beauty.