КОМБИНАЦИЯ ЗАЩИТНОГО СЛОЯ И СЛОЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИИ С ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ

Изобретение относится к комбинации защитного слоя от соединений хлора и слоя медьсодержащего катализатора и к способу проведения каталитической реакции с ее использованием. Описана комбинация, содержащая слой частиц медьсодержащего катализатора и предваряющий его в технологической схеме защитный слой от соединения хлора, образованный из сформованных элементов, полученных из частиц карбоната свинца и/или основного карбоната свинца со среднемассовым размером частиц менее 10 мкм. Описан также способ проведения каталитической реакции с использованием описанной выше комбинации. Технический эффект - предотвращение дезактивации медьсодержащего катализатора при содержании в технологическом газе соединений хлора. 2 н. и 9 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА СИНТЕЗА БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫХ АЛИФАТИЧЕСКИХ СЛОЖНЫХ ПОЛИЭФИРОВ

Изобретение относится к получению катализатора синтеза биоразлагаемых алифатических сложных полиэфиров поликонденсацией α-замещенных оксикислот, преимущественно молочной кислоты. Полимеры обладают способностью к полному биоразложению в живом организме или естественных природных условиях и могут быть использованы для создания изделий широкого ассортимента как медицинского, так и бытового применения. Способ получения катализатора синтеза биоразлагаемых алифатических сложных полиэфиров на основе α-замещенных гидроксилсодержащих карбоновых кислот и оловосодержащих солей осуществляют взаимодействием компонентов в концентрированном водном растворе молочной кислоты в температурном интервале 100-180°C при исходной концентрации оловосодержащих солей 5,0-0,01 вес. %, реакцию формирования катализатора осуществляют в течение 1-5 часов с непрерывным удалением воды. Способ отличается тем, что оловосодержащие соли выбирают из группы, в которой анион обладает летучестью в выбранном температурном интервале ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДОВ ЦИРКОНИЯ, ЦЕРИЯ, НИОБИЯ И ОЛОВА, СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ КАТАЛИЗА

Изобретение относится к каталитической композиции для обработки выхлопных газов. Композиция представляет собой композицию на основе оксидов циркония, церия, ниобия и олова с массовым содержанием оксида церия 5-50%, оксида ниобия - 5-20%, оксида олова – 1-10% и с содержанием оксида циркония, составляющим остальное количество. Обеспечивается получение катализаторов, являющихся более эффективными для катализа SCR и обладающих улучшенными восстановительной способностью и/или кислотностью. 6 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 4 табл., 7 пр.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ СЖИЖЕННЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ГАЗОВ, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к разработке способов и катализаторов дегидрирования алифатических углеводородов с целью получения олефиновых углеводородов. Описан способ получения катализатора на основе цеолита для дегидрирования сжиженных углеводородных газов, характеризующийся тем, что нанесение активного компонента и промотора проводится на цеолитный носитель со структурой типа ВЕА с исходным соотношением SiO/AlOот 25 до 300, который модифицируют путем многократного повтора процесса деалюминирования с использованием азотной кислоты до соотношения SiO/AlOболее 600. Описан катализатор, содержащий активный дегидрирующий компонент - платину (0,2-0,8 мас. %) - и промотор - олово (0,2-0,8 мас. %), которые нанесены на деалюминированный цеолит структурного типа BEA с отношением SiO/AlOболее 600. Описан способ получения олефиновых углеводородов путем контактирования сжиженных углеводородных газов на предложенном катализаторе в непрерывном потоке сжиженных углеводородных газов в реакторе через неподвижный ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ГИДРОТЕРМАЛЬНОГО СЖИЖЕНИЯ БИОМАССЫ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализаторам для гидротермального сжижения биомассы растительного происхождения и может быть использовано при получении альтернативных жидких моторных топлив. Катализатор нахадится во фторированной и/или сульфатированной форме и содержит, мас.%: оксид стронция или оксид титана, или оксид олова, или их смесь 1-50, мелкодисперсный алюмосодержащий оксидный носитель, включающий фосфаты или арсенаты алюминия - остальное, до 100. Достигаемый технический результат заключается в повышении активности катализатора за счет его большей удельной поверхности и наличия изомеризующего компонента. При этом высокое значение удельной поверхности катализатора приводит к повышенному содержанию бензиновой составляющей, а изомеризующая функция используемого катализатора в условиях реакции гидротермального сжижения приводит к повышению октанового числа бензиновой фракции, содержащейся в полученной бионефти. Кроме того, использование описываемого катализатора приводит к улучшению низкотемпературных ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ КИСЛОТНОСТЬЮ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДОВ ЦИРКОНИЯ, КРЕМНИЯ И, ПО МЕНЬШЕЙ МЕРЕ, ОДНОГО ДРУГОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА, ВЫБРАННОГО ИЗ ТИТАНА, АЛЮМИНИЯ, ВОЛЬФРАМА, МОЛИБДЕНА, ЦЕРИЯ, ЖЕЛЕЗА, ОЛОВА, ЦИНКА И МАРГАНЦА

... 1. Композиция на основе оксида циркония, оксида кремния и, по меньшей мере, одного оксида другого элемента М, выбранного из титана, алюминия, вольфрама, молибдена, церия, железа, олова, цинка и марганца в следующих массовых пропорциях различных элементов: ! оксид кремния: 5-30%, ! оксид элемента М:1-20%, ! достаточное количество до 100% оксида циркония, ! отличающаяся тем, что она обладает, кроме того, кислотностью, определенную в результате испытания с использованием метилбутанола, равную, по меньшей мере, 90%. ! 2. Композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что элемент М представляет собой вольфрам, и после кальцинации при 900°С в течение 4 ч она обладает удельной поверхностью, равной, по меньшей мере, 65 м2/г. ! 3. Композиция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что элемент М отличен от вольфрама, и после кальцинации при 900°С в течение 4 ч она имеет удельную поверхность, равную, по меньшей мере, 95 м2/г. ! 4. Композиция по любому из предыдущих пунктов, отличающаяся тем, что она обладает кислотностью ...

НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ ВОЛОКОН ОКСИДА КРЕМНИЯ С РАЗВИТОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬЮ

... 1. Наночастица из множества волокон, в которой каждое волокно контактирует с одним другим волокном и каждое волокно имеет длину примерно 1-5000 нм и толщину примерно 1-50 нм.2. Наночастица по п.1, которая состоит из оксида кремния.3. Наночастица по п.1, в которой каждое волокно имеет длину примерно 1-250 нм.4. Наночастица по п.1, в которой каждое волокно имеет толщину примерно 1-25 нм.5. Наночастица по п.1, в которой каждое волокно имеет толщину примерно 1-10 нм.6. Наночастица по п.1, в которой каждое волокно имеет длину примерно 1-250 нм и толщину примерно 1-10 нм.7. Наночастица по п.1, в которой волокна имеют разную толщину и разную длину.8. Наночастица по п.1, в которой волокна имеют равномерную толщину и равномерную длину.9. Наночастица по п.1, которая состоит примерно из 10-10волокон.10. Наночастица по п.9, которая состоит по меньшей мере примерно из 10волокон.11. Наночастица по п.10, которая состоит по меньшей мере примерно из 10волокон.12. Наночастица по п.1, которую определяют как ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА СИНТЕЗА БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫХ АЛИФАТИЧЕСКИХ СЛОЖНЫХ ПОЛИЭФИРОВ

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoxidationskatalysatoren

KOMBINATION AUS SCHUTZBETT UND KUPFERHALTIGEM KATALYSATORBETT

PRODUCTION OF AMORPHOUS GERMANIUM DIOXIDE

... 1413268 Production of amorphous germanium dioxide METALLURGIE HOBOKEN-OVERPELT 2 April 1974 [9 April 1973] 14450/74 Heading C1A Amorphous germanium dioxide is produced by oxidation of germanium monoxide, while gaseous. The latter is preferably produced by the reduction of germanium dioxide by germanium metal, any other reducing metal, carbon, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon, and is preferably oxidized with oxygen or an oxygen containing gas. Amorphousger manium dioxide may be used as a solution in ethylene glycol, as a catalyst for organic reactions.

COATING PROCESS

Method for preparing ceramic catalysts

A ceramic catalyst of formula AA'MM'X prepared using sol-gel and ceramic methodologies comprises preparing a sol or slurry in an organic acid, alcohol or water of an alkaline earth metal component (A) preferably barium or strontium; a powdered or liquid transition metal component (M') selected from germanium, lead, silicon, tin, aluminium, gallium, antimony, bismuth or niobium; a powdered metal component (M) wherein M is selected from titanium or zirconium; and X is oxygen/s. The formula may optionally comprise A' selected from samarium or indium; The components are refluxed or mixed together, and the powder is dried and heated with a temperature program to calcination temperatures. The catalyst is for converting methane to higher hydrocarbons by oxidative condensation (or coupling) of methane (OCM). The OCM catalyst may be mixed with a second catalyst of formula NBC/S, for CO2-reforming of methane or dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, wherein N is a metal selected from Group IA or ...

METHYLATION OF PHENOLS AT THE ORTHO-POSITION

... 1347171 Catalyst composition KANEGAFUCHI KAGAKU KOGYO KK 14 May 1971 [16 May 1970 (3) 24 June 1970 (2) 11 Sept 1970 (2) 15093/71 Heading B1E [Also in Division C2] A catalyst for use in the o-methylation of phenols comprises: (a) at least one oxide selected from magnesium oxide, zinc oxide and beryllium oxide; with (b) at least one oxide selected from lanthamide oxides, scandium oxide and yttrium oxide; and (c) at least one oxide selected from uranium oxide and tin oxides. The lanthamide oxides are defined as oxides of lanthamide metals having an atomic number of from 57 to 71. The preferred atomic ratio of the metals from group (b) to those of group (a) is 0.05-0.5 and of group (c) to group (a) is 0.03-0.03.

METHANE CONVERSION

Production of aralkyl hydroperoxides

As catalysts in the manufacture of aralkyl hydroperoxides by oxidizing aralkyl compounds, having at least one secondary alkyl radical attached to the aromatic nucleus, with molecular oxygen in the liquid phase, use is made of plumbates, bismuthates, stannates or antimonates of alkali or alkaline-earth metals. The oxidation may be effected at 50-150 DEG C., preferably at 60-120 DEG C., optionally at a raised pressure. Examples are given of the oxidation of cumene, p-diisopropylbenzene and p-cymene, and reference is made also to the oxidation of isopropylbenzenes further substituted in the benzene ring by a group (CH3)2C(OH)-, isopropyldiphenyls, isopropylnaphthalenes and chloro- and fluorocumenes. Cumene hydroperoxide, prepared as described above, may be decomposed to yield (mainly) phenol, and an example is given in which the hydroperoxide is decomposed by addition of sulphur dioxide and the product is fed to a reaction vessel containing phenol, acetone and cumene to yield a product containing ...

DEHYDROCYCLODIMERISING C4 HYDROCARBONS

... 1496379 Dehydrocyclodimerizing C 4 hydrocarbons BRITISH PETROLEUM CO Ltd 13 Oct 1976 [20 Nov 1975] 47830/75 Heading C5E Aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly benzene, toluene and xylenes, are produced by dehydrocyclodimerizing a C 4 hydrocarbon feed in the presence of a catalyst comprising Ge, In or Sn, in metal or compound form, deposited on a support. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of H 2 or under an atmosphere of N 2 . The support may be Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , activated carbon or refractory Ga 2 O 3 . Surface hydroxyl groups on hydrated SiO 2 or hydrated Al 2 O 3 may be exchanged with ions of the catalytic metals and optionally also with ions of Ga, Al or Fe. Preferably the catalytic metals are present as oxides.

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A PERFLUORALKYLIODID TELOMERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNTHETIC PRODUCTION OF SODIUM ZINKSILAKT AND STANNOUS SILICATE, AS WELL AS ITS ION-EXCHANGED PRODUCTS, DETERGENTZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN, THE SODIUM ZINC SILICATE AND STANNOUS SILICATE PRODUCTS CONTAINING AND CATALYSTS OR KATALYSATORTRAEGER, THE ION-EXCHANGED PRODUCTS CONTAINING.

TRANSFORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS

CATALYST FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF POLYESTERS, ITS PRODUCTION AND USE

CARBONYLIERUNGSKATALYSATOR ON A CARRIER OUT ONE KARBUNISIERT STYRENE OF DIVINYLBENZOLCOPOLYMER PERSULFONIERT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINEN, IN PARTICULAR OF PROPYLENE, BY DEHYDROGENATION

DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKYL AROMATIC COMPOUND OVER A RARE EARTH CATALYST

TIN OXIDE THREE-WAY CATALYSTS STABLE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

Mixed metal oxide catalysts for propane and isobutane oxidation and ammoxidation, and methods of preparing same

COMBINATION OF A GUARD BED AND A COPPER-CONTAINING CATALYST BED

Titanium dioxide photocatalytic compositions and uses thereof

Provided is a photocatalytic composition comprising zinc (Zn) doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, wherein the ratio of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to zinc is from about 5 to about 150. The photocatalytic composition absorbs electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range from about 200 nm to about 500 nm, and the absorbance of light of wavelengths longer than about 450 nm is less than 50% the absorbance of light of wavelengths shorter than about 350 nm. Further provided is a method for treating or preventing microbial diseases and infestations in a plant and a method for increasing crop yield of a plant by applying the photocatalytic compositions taught herein to the surface of a plant. Also provided is a method for treating microbial diseases on a surface by applying the photocatalytic compositions taught herein to a surface illuminated by artificial light.

Development of solar driven photocatalyst and its application in degradation of organic pollutants

Development of solar driven photocatalyst and its application in degradation of organic pollutants Abstract In this project, core-shell CdS@SnO2 particles have been prepared by Successive Ion Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. CdS is a well known low band gap semiconductor (of band gap ~ 2.4eV) and can thus harvest visible light of wavelength up to 520nm of the solar radiation. In our present work, we have implemented SILAR method with slight modification to coat thin CdS layer over fine SnO 2 particles to obtain core-shell CdS@SnO 2 particles. The SILAR method, which is usually used for the deposition of binary semiconducting thin films, has some advantage over other preparative methods, for example, this is a facile, less expensive and less time consuming technique, and it provides the provision to control the thickness of the film by adjusting the number of cycle of coating. In the present synthetic approach, fine SnO 2 powder has been prepared by hydrothermal method initially ...

CATALYSTS FOR THE OXIDATIVE CONVERSION OF METHANE TO HIGHER HYDROCARBONS

CATALYST COMPOSITIONS

CATALYST FOR THE CONVERSION OF CARBON MONOXIDE

A catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide comprising a support having a predetermined pore size and a metal capable of forming a metal carbonyl species is described. In one embodiment, the catalyst of the present invention comprises a mordenite, beta, or faujasite support and ruthenium metal.

A COMBINATION OF A GUARD BED AND A CATALYST BED

A combination comprising a bed of a particulate copper-containing catalyst bed, a guard bed in the form of shaped units formed from lead carbonate and/or basic lead carbonate particles having an average (by volume) particle size below 100 .mu.m.

PRODUCTION OF PERCHLOROMETHYL MERCAPTAN

COMPOSITION BASED ON ZIRCONIUM, CERIUM AND TIN OXIDES, PREPARATION AND USE AS CATALYST

L'invention concerne une composition à base d'oxyde de zirconium et d'oxyde de cérium et, éventuellement, d'un oxyde d'une autre terre rare, qui est caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient de l'oxyde d'étain dans une proportion d'au plus 25% en masse d'oxyde. Elle est obtenue par un procédé dans lequel on forme un mélange comprenant des composés du zirconium, du cérium et de l'étain et, éventuellement, de l'autre terre rare; on met en présence ce mélange avec un composé basique ce par quoi on obtient un précipité; on chauffe en milieu aqueux ce précipité et on le calcine. La composition peut être utilisée comme catalyseur, notamment pour le traitement des gaz d'échappement d'automobiles.

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION OF ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS

The present invention relates to a catalytic composition for esterification, transesterification and polycondensation reactions of dicarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and/or hydroxy carboxylic acids and alcohols, the catalytic composition containing a tin compound of general formula (I): [(R1Sn)l(OH)m-n(OR2)n O o]p+ A q- p/q (formula I) wherein: R1 and R2 each independently is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or aryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, A q- is an anion, which is O2-, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl carboxy group, or an aryl carboxy group each having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the anion of a mineral acid or metalate, a titanate, zirconate, or zincate anion l = 12, m = 6, n = 0 to 6, o = 14, p = 2 and q = 2. The invention also relates to a process for the catalysis of said reactions employing such catalytic compositions and polyesters for resins obtainable by this process.

A COMBINATION OF A GUARD BED AND A CATALYST BED

A combination comprising a bed of a particulate copper-containing catalyst bed, a guard bed in the form of shaped units formed from lead carbonate and/or basic lead carbonate particles having an average (by volume) particle size below 100 .mu.m.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER AND METHOD OF OXIDATIVE CONVERSION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THEREWITH

A solid composition of matter consisting essentially of: (a) a component comprising: (1) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals and (2), optionally, at least one material selected from the group consisting of tin, compounds containing tin, chloride ions and compounds containing said chloride ions and (b) a component comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IIA metals and compounds containing said metals. The composition is particularly useful as a contact material for the oxidative conversion of less valuable organic compounds to more valuable organic compounds, particularly in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas. A method for converting feed organic compounds to product organic compounds, in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas, utilizing the above composition, as well as combinations of tin and a Group IIA metal and of tin, chloride ions and a Group IIA metal is disclosed ...

COMBINATION OF A GUARD BED AND A COPPER-CONTAINING CATALYST BED

A catalyst bed combination comprising a bed of a particulate copper-containing catalyst and, upstream of the catalyst bed, a guard bed in the form of shaped units formed from lead oxide particles and a particulate support material. The guard bed extends the life of the copper catalyst by absorbing halide contaminants in the process stream.

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

A method of autothermal oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) utilizes introducing a methane-containing feedstock and an oxygen-gas-containing feedstock into a reactor (10) as a flowing mixture (18) with a space time of 500 ms or less. The reactor (10) contains a catalyst bed (20) of an OCM catalyst that contacts the flowing mixture and wherein the catalyst bed (20) has a heat Peclet number (Peh) of from 5 or less, a mass Peclet number (Pem) of from 5 or more, and a transverse Peclet number (P) of from 1 or less while contacting the flowing mixture. The methane and oxygen of the feedstocks are allowed to react within the reactor (10) to form methane oxidative coupling reaction products. A reactor (10) for carrying out the OCM reaction is also disclosed.

STRUCTURED ZIRCONIUM SOLUTIONS

This invention relates to azirconium solution or sol comprising:(a) zirconium,(b) nitrate, acetate and/or chloride ions, and(c) one or more complexing agents being an organic compound comprising at least one of the following functional groups: an amine, an organosulphate, a sulphonate, a hydroxyl, an etheror a carboxylic acid group,wherein the molar ratio of components (a):(b) is 1:0.7to 1:4.0,the molar ratio of components (a):(c) is 1:0.0005 to 1:0.1, and thepH of the zirconium solution or sol is less than 5. The invention also relates to a process for preparing a zirconium solution or sol, the process comprising the steps of:(a)dissolving a zirconium salt in nitric, acetic and/or hydrochloric acid, and(b)adding one or more complexing agents to the resulting solution, the one or more complexing agents being an organic compound comprising at least one of the following functional groups: an amine, an organosulphate, a sulphonate, a hydroxyl, an etheror a carboxylic acid group, and (c)heating ...

METHANE CONVERSION

HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF SUPPORTED CATALYSTS

... ²²²A process for the production of a supported catalyst. The process comprises ²heating a slurry that comprises a catalyst support and at least one active ²catalytic ingredient precursor. Gas is introduced to the slurry at a ²sufficient pressure to reduce the at least one active catalytic ingredient ²precursor and deposit at least one active catalytic ingredient onto a surface ²of the catalyst support to form the supported catalyst. The supported catalyst ²has a large active catalytic surface area.² ...

VANADIA-BASED DENOX CATALYSTS AND CATALYST SUPPORTS

A vanadia-based catalytic composition for reduction of nitrogen oxides includes a titania-based support material; vanadia deposited on the titania-based support material; a primary promoter comprising tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or combinations thereof; and an amount of phosphate to achieve a mole ratio of phosphorus to vanadium plus molybdenum of about 0.2:1 or greater. A zirconia, tin or manganese oxide can be added to further inhibit the volatility of molybdenum. Results show low SO2 oxidation rates and excellent NOx conversion and/or molybdenum stability.

HETEROGENEOUS ORGANOTIN CATALYSTS

This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a sol id prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a proces s of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand - solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reactio n products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction comprising passing reactants for a esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or a urethane ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gemischen von Aluminiumhydroxyd und Zirkonhydroxyd.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von e-Caprolactam oder w-Laurolactam

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyestern

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aralkylhydroperoxyden

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES KATALYSATORS.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Oxyde des Vanadiums und Zinns enthaltenden Katalysators

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyestern

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METAL CATALYSTS ON CARRIERS.

ACTIVATE-CASH CATALYST.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АРОМАТИЧЕСКОГО КАРБОНАТА И ПОЛУЧЕННЫЙ АРОМАТИЧЕСКИЙ КАРБОНАТ

Предложен способ получения ароматического карбоната, включающий стадии: (I) переэтерификации исходного продукта, выбранного из группы, состоящей из диалкилкарбоната, алкиларилкарбоната и их смеси, реагентом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из ароматического моногидроксисоединения, алкиларилкарбоната и их смеси, в присутствии катализатора с получением вследствие этого реакционной смеси с высокой точкой кипения, содержащей ароматический карбонат (а) и простой ароматический карбонатный эфир (b), с одновременным удалением реакционной смеси с низкой точкой кипения; и (II) отделения простого ароматического карбонатного эфира (b) от реакционной смеси с высокой точкой кипения с получением вследствие этого высокочистого ароматического карбоната.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АРОМАТИЧЕСКОГО КАРБОНАТА

Предложен способ получения ароматического карбоната, включающий стадии: (I) переэтерификации исходного продукта, выбранного из группы, состоящей из диалкилкарбоната, алкиларилкарбоната и их смеси, реагентом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из ароматического моногидроксисоединения, алкиларилкарбоната и их смеси, в присутствии катализатора с получением, вследствие этого, реакционной смеси с высокой точкой кипения, содержащей ароматический карбонат (а) и простой ароматический карбонатный эфир (b), с одновременным удалением реакционной смеси с низкой точкой кипения; и (II) отделения простого ароматического карбонатного эфира (b) от реакционной смеси с высокой точкой кипения с получением, вследствие этого, высокочистого ароматического карбоната.

CE CONTAINING, V-FREE MOBILE DENOX CATALYST

Improved air purification system and method for removing formaldehyde

A meso-porous composite titanium - tin photocatalyst and its preparation method

Low thermal expansion aluminum titanate -zirconium tin titanate ceramics

Preparation method of carboxylic acid

PROCESS IMPROVES FOR the PRODUCTION Of ALCOHOLS OF GUERBET BY MEANS OF INSOLUBLE CATALYSTS TO LEAD

Process for the Production of Polyesters

Process of production of pyridine

Preparation of unsaturated carboxylic acids by using [...] of tin catalysts.

CATALYTIC AMMOXIDATION OF ALKANES

PROCESS AND CATALYST TO PRODUCE PERCHLOROMETHYLMERCAPTAN

ESTERIFICATION PROCESS

PROCESS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC TRANSFORMATION OF BIOMASS OR CELLULOSE BY SOLID ACIDS OF the STABLE LEWIS NOT ZEOLITHIQUE CONTAINING TIN OR Of ANTIMONY ALONE OR IN MIXTURE

L'invention concerne un procédé de transformation de biomasse lignocellulosique ou de cellulose mettant en œuvre des catalyseurs hétérogènes non zéolithiques stables à base d'étain et/ou d'antimoine, de préférence dispersé sur un support. L'utilisation de ces catalyseurs permet d'obtenir directement de l'acide lactique à haute sélectivité tout en limitant la production d'oligosaccharides et de polymères solubles.

CATALYST MIXTURES, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CHLOROFLUORES

PROCESS OF CATALYST SEPARATION TO HALIDE OF TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE-RHODIUM

METHOD FOR REMOVING NITROUS OXIDE

PREPARATION METHOD FOR HIGH PURITY LACTIDE

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of high purity lactide with high efficiency. The present invention relates to a preparation method of high purity lactide, comprising: a first heating and decompressing step of heating lactic acid to 160 to 180°C and then decompressing the same; a second heating and decompressing step of adding a reactive catalyst to a product obtained from the first heating and decompressing step, heating the mixture to 180 to 210°C at 1 to 10 °C/min, and decompressing the same to 0.001 to 1 torr at 5 to 20 torr/min; and a cleaning step of making a product obtained from second first heating and decompressing step come in contact with water in 0 to 40°C. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016 ...

COMPOSITION OF CATALYSER, E; METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A COMPOSITION OF SUPPORTED CATALYSER SOLID

Ammoxidation of alkanes to nitriles

Ammoxidation is carried out by leading the alkane and ammonia, at 350-650 degrees C, over a solid catalyst in which the active components are: (a) the oxides of Sb and a metal chosen from Sn, Fe, U, Ce and Mo, (b) the oxides of any 3 metals chosen from Sb, Sn, Ti, V and U, except for the combination Sb/Sn/V, (c) the oxides of Sn and Mo, (d) the oxides of As and Sn or U, (e) the oxides of Sn and Ti, Zr or Hf, (f) the oxides of V and Cr, Mo or Sn, (g) the oxides of Ti and W, Mo, V, Cr or U, and (h) the oxides of Mo and Bi or Cr, or, in each ase a compound which contains the 2 or 3 chosen metals and oxygen. The partial pressure of the alkane is >0.20 atm. The preparation of acrylonitrile from propane and/or methacrylonitrile from butane is claimed.

PHOTOCATALYST FILTER UNIT AND AIR PURIFYING DEVICE

Disclosed is a photocatalyst filter unit that does not crack and does not generate dust from the constituent material in the photocatalyst filter when the photocatalyst filter is subjected to shock. A cushion material (32) is attached to the periphery of the side surface (6S) of the photocatalyst filter (6), but not to the front surface (6A) or the rear surface (6B) of the plate-shaped photocatalyst filter (6). A frame member (31) houses the photocatalyst filter (6) such that the front surface (6A) and the rear surface (6B) of the photocatalyst filter (6) are exposed and the frame member (31) can be in contact with the cushion material (32) attached to the photocatalyst filter (6).

SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE POSITIONING AND GROWING METHOD

The present invention relates to a single-walled carbon nanotube positioning and growing method, capable of positioning and growing a single-walled carbon nanotube by disposing a catalyst for the growth of the single-walled carbon nanotube on a carrier having a positioning characteristic for the growth of the single-walled carbon nanotube, and fixing the carrier on a growth substrate; in particular, the metal oxides with the positioning characteristic have oxidation property, thus the present invention can also selectively position and grow the single-walled carbon nanotube.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDE

The present invention relates to a process for producing an aliphatic carboxylic acid amide, including the step of reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid or an alkyl ester thereof containing an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with a mono- or dialkylamine containing an alkyl group or groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of a solid acid catalyst containing titanium oxide as a main component and an oxide or oxides of at least one element selected from elements (except titanium) belonging to Groups 4, 5 and 14 of the long form of the periodic table, wherein the catalyst has an average particle diameter of 2 μm or more. The process for producing an aliphatic carboxylic acid amide according to the present invention has a high reaction efficiency of the reaction of the aliphatic carboxylic acid or alkyl ester thereof with the mono- or dialkylamine, and shows an excellent filtration efficiency in separation of the catalyst.

Preparative process for methane conversion agents

An improved support for a contact agent, useful for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a gas comprising methane with a contact agent at a selected temperature, is formed by sintering the surface of the support.

Production of 2,2-disubstituted propiolactones

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 2,2-disubstituted propiolactones from isoanhydrides and formaldehyde, as shown in the following equation: OO H R1 PARALLEL PARALLEL R1¦ ANGLE C-C-O-C-C ANGLE + C=O -> R ¦¦R ¦ H H H O R1R1 PARALLEL ¦O R--- PARALLEL + ANGLE C-C-O-H ¦¦R ¦ ¦O H wherein R and R1 individually may be a straight or branched chain alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst comprising a complex of tin oxide and silica gel at a temperature of from about 190 DEG C. to about 400 DEG C.

METHYLATION OF PHENOLS AT ORTHO-POSITION

Nanotechnology for inks and dopants

Novel inks and dopant materials and their applications are discussed. More specifically, the specifications teach the use of nanotechnology and nanostructured materials for developing novel ink and dopant-based products.

Method of improving the performance of hydrocarbon fuels

A method of treating hydrocarbon fuels with a base metal catalyst is provided for improving the performance of hydrocarbon fuels used in internal and external combustion engines. The catalyst is a base metal alloy catalyst including tin, antimony, lead and mercury. The catalyst operates at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The method of treating the fuel with the catalyst may be employed at any point after refining of the fuel and prior to combustion thereof.

PHOTOCATALYTIC THERMAL BARRIER COATING

A thermally insulated photocatalytic coating is provided. The photocatalytic coating includes a photocatalyst material capable of being activated by irradiation with a light source. Further, the photocatalytic coating includes a thermal barrier compound adapted to reduce temperature of the photocatalytic material for increasing efficiency of the photocatalytic layer. The present invention also relates to various articles, such as CFL lamps and bulbs, which have the coating applied thereon. These articles are very helpful in eliminating various impurities from ambient air.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING LACTIC ACID ESTERS FROM SUGARS

A continuous flow process for the preparation of one or more esters of lactic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid or α-hydroxy methionine analogues from a sugar in the presence of a solid Lewis acid catalyst and a solvent comprising an organic solvent and water. The invention provides a means for stabilizing a Lewis acid catalyst for use in a continuous reaction process wherein the water is present in an amount of up to or equal to 10 vol. % of the organic solvent.

Photocatalyst material producing method and photocatalyst material producing apparatus

This invention provides a new photocatalyst material producing apparatus and photocatalyst material producing method that can produce a large quantity of photocatalyst material of high quality by a chemical reaction in light high-field plasma in a highly oxidative high-concentration ozone medium state, instead of systems to produce a photocatalyst material by PVD and CVD, which are conventional dry deposition methods. In a photocatalyst material producing method and photocatalyst material producing apparatus according to this invention, a pair of facing electrodes are provided via a dielectric material in a discharge gap where gas mainly containing oxygen gas is supplied, and an AC voltage is applied between the electrodes to generate dielectric barrier discharge (silent discharge or creeping discharge) in the discharge gap. Thus, oxygen gas containing ozone gas is created and a metal or metal compound is modified to a photocatalyst material by the dielectric barrier discharge.

Doped carbonaceous materials for photocatalytic removal of pollutants under visible light, making methods and applications of same

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOL AND/OR KETONE

The present invention relates to a method for producing an alcohol and/or a ketone from a corresponding alkene(s) in a gas phase in the presence of water vapor by the use of an oxide catalyst. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing an alcohol and/or a ketone by bringing a starting material containing an alkene(s), as a gas phase into contact with an oxide catalyst in the presence of water vapor to carry out the reaction, wherein the oxide catalyst satisfies the following requirements: (a) it comprises an oxide(s) of molybdenum and/or tin, and (b) the amount of carbonaceous substances accumulated on the oxide catalyst is controlled to be within a range of 0.1 to 10% by mass, during the reaction.

DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST COMPOSITION

НОСИТЕЛЬ, КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к области каталитической химии. Описан способ получения композитного носителя для катализатора, содержащего элемент IV группы Периодической системы в количестве от 0,2 до 0,6 мас.%, включающий следующие стадии: получение псевдозоля, содержащего водорастворимое соединение элемента IV группы Периодической системы и гидроксид алюминия; выдерживание псевдозоля в течение от 0,5 до 12 часов; формование гранул предшественника носителя; промывку гранул предшественника носителя; сушку и прокаливание промытых гранул предшественника носителя с получением носителя. Описаны композитные носители для катализатора дегидрирования газообразных углеводородов, полученные описанным выше способом. Описан катализатор дегидрирования газообразных углеводородов содержащий: от 0,1 до 4,5 мас.% элемента VIII группы Периодической системы; от 0,1 до 6,0 мас.% элемента I и/или II группы Периодической системы; от 0,1 до 6,0 мас.% галогена; носитель, полученный описанным выше способом. Описан способ ...

ПОЛИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР, ЛЕГИРОВАННЫЙ ФОСФОРОМ И ЛАНТАНОИДОМ

Изобретение относится к катализатору, к способу получения катализатора и его применению в риформинге. Катализатор риформинга содержит подложку, по меньшей мере один благородный металл M, содержание которого составляет от 0,02 до 2 мас.% от массы катализатора, олово, фосфор и церий. Причем содержание элемента фосфор составляет от 0,4 до 1 мас.% от массы катализатора, а содержание церия составляет от 0,01 до 0,5 мас.% от массы катализатора. Способ получения катализатора риформинга включает следующие последовательные стадии: a) приготовление подложки, содержащей олово, фосфор и благородный металл, b) сушка предшественника, полученного на стадии a), в потоке нейтрального газа или в потоке газа, содержащего кислород, при температуре ниже 200°C и обжиг при температуре от 350 до 650°C, c) пропитка сухого обожженного предшественника, полученного на стадии b), пропиточным раствором, содержащим предшественник церия, d) сушка предшественника, полученного на стадии c), в потоке нейтрального газа или ...

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ, АККУМУЛИРУЮЩИЙ КИСЛОРОД

Настоящее изобретение относится к аккумулирующим кислород компонентам для каталитических нейтрализаторов выхлопных газов автомобильных выхлопных систем, особенно для выхлопных систем двигателей внутреннего сгорания, работающих на бензине. Предложен смешанный оксид, применимый в качестве материала для аккумулирования кислорода, содержащий диоксид церия в интервале от 10 до 80 мас.%, и оксид олова в количестве менее 0,5 мас.%. Смешанный оксид может также содержать диоксид циркония, а также оксид иттрия и других редкоземельных металлов. В изобретении предложен также материал для аккумулирования кислорода для каталитических нейтрализаторов выхлопных газов для автомобильных выхлопных систем, содержащий оксид, согласно настоящему изобретению. Изобретение обеспечивает возможность понижения температуры активации катализатора при холодном запуске двигателя автомобиля. 3 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 6 ил.

ВЫСОКОПОРИСТЫЕ ПЕНОКЕРАМИКИ КАК НОСИТЕЛИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ АЛКАНОВ

Изобретение относится к материалу, пригодному в качестве катализатора для дегидрировании алканов, к способу его получения и способу каталитического дегидрирования содержащих алканы газовых смесей. Описан материал для каталитического дегидрирования газовых смесей, которые содержат алканы от С2 до С6 и могут содержать водород, водяной пар, кислород или любую смесь этих газов, при котором можно получать главным образом алкены и водород, а также дополнительно водяной пар, который: а) состоит из керамических пен, которые получены из оксидных или неоксидных керамических материалов или из смеси оксидных и неоксидных керамических материалов, б) при этом в качестве оксидных керамических материалов используют вещества, представляющие собой алюминат кальция, диоксид кремния, диоксид олова или алюминат цинка или смесь этих веществ, в) для обеспечения каталитической активности материал пропитан по меньшей мере одним каталитически активным веществом и г) каталитически активный материал содержит платину ...

СМЕШАННЫЕ МЕТАЛЛОКСИДНЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ И ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО АММОНОЛИЗА ПРОПАНА И ИЗОБУТАНА И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к смешанным металлоксидным катализаторам окисления и окислительного аммонилиза пропана и изобутана, способам их получения и применения. Описана смешанная металлоксидная система, содержащая молибден, ванадий, ниобий, сурьму, германий и кислород или молибден, ванадий, тантал, сурьму, германий и кислород, в которой стехиометрические соотношения элементов включают соотношение молибдена к сурьме в интервале от примерно 1:0,1 до примерно 1:0,5 и соотношение молибдена к германию в интервале от примерно 1:>0,2 до примерно 1:1. Описан катализатор, представляющий собой смешанную металлоксидную систему, эффективную в парофазной конверсии пропана в акриловую кислоту или акрилонитрил или изобутана в метакриловую кислоту или метакрилонитрил, причем смешанная металлоксидная система имеет эмпирическую формулу ! Mo1VaNbbSbcGedOx или Mo1VaTabSbcGedOx, в которой ! а находится в интервале от примерно 0,1 до примерно 0,6, ! b находится в интервале от примерно 0,02 до примерно 0,12, ! с ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГЕРМАНАТА ВИСМУТА BiGeO

Изобретение относится к области химии и может быть использовано для катализаторов при получении необходимых в промышленности газов и для синтеза высокопрочной керамики. Способ получения германата висмута BiGeOвключает предварительное механическое смешивание исходных порошков оксида висмута BiОи оксида германия GeO, нагрев полученной смеси в платиновом тигле до температуры 1050-1160°С, выдержку в расплавленном состоянии в тигле не менее 15 мин с последующим охлаждением также в тигле. Техническим результатом является получение германата висмута с высоким количеством внутренних напряжений, позволяющим легко извлекать его из платинового тигля простым постукиванием и встряхиванием, что позволяет продлить срок службы дорогостоящего тигля, так как извлечение из него синтезируемого материала происходит без разрушения и сильной деформации. 4 ил., 1 пр.

High-potential stable oxide support for polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Disclosed is an oxide and/or nitride support for electrode catalysts, which is used for electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The support for electrode catalysts is an aggregation body of primary particles of oxide of at least one kind of metal selected from rare earths, alkaline earths, transition metals, niobium, bismuth, tin, antimony, zirconium, molybdenum, indium, tantalum, and tungsten, and the aggregation body is configured such that at least 80% of the metal oxide primary particles having a size of 5 nm to 100 nm aggregate and bind each other to form dendritic or chain structures each of which is made of 5 or more of the metal oxide primary particles.

Process for Producing SN-Comprising Catalysts

The present invention relates to a process for producing a supported tin-comprising catalyst, wherein a solution (S) comprising tin nitrate and at least one complexing agent is applied to the support, where the solution (S) does not comprise any solid or has a solids content of not more than 0.5% by weight based on the total amount of dissolved components. 120.-. (canceled)21. A process for producing a supported tin-comprising catalyst , wherein a solution (S) comprising tin nitrate and at least one complexing agent is applied to the support , where the solution (S) does not comprise any solid or comprises a solids content of not more than 0.5% by weight based on the total amount of dissolved components.22. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the solution (S) is an aqueous solution.23. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the solution (S) additionally comprises at least one further metal salt.24. The process according to claim 23 , wherein the further metal salt is nickel nitrate claim 23 , cobalt nitrate or copper nitrate.25. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the support is aluminum oxide.26. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the complexing agent is selected from among glycolic acid claim 21 , lactic acid claim 21 , hydracylic acid claim 21 , hydroxybutyric acid claim 21 , hydroxyvaleric acid claim 21 , malic acid claim 21 , mandelic acid claim 21 , citric acid claim 21 , sugar acids claim 21 , tartronic acid claim 21 , tartaric acid claim 21 , oxalic acid claim 21 , malonic acid claim 21 , maleic acid claim 21 , succinic acid claim 21 , glutaric acid claim 21 , adipic acid claim 21 , glycine claim 21 , hippuric acid claim 21 , EDTA claim 21 , alanine claim 21 , valine claim 21 , leucine and isoleucine.27. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the solution (S) comprises tin nitrate claim 21 , nickel nitrate claim 21 , cobalt nitrate claim 21 , copper nitrate and citric acid.28. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the ...

Hydrogenation Catalysts with Cobalt-Modified Supports

The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid to ethanol. The catalyst comprises a precious metal and one or more active metals on a modified support that comprises cobalt.

Transparent Photocatalyst Coating

Photocatalyst compositions and elements exhibiting desired photocatalytic activity levels and transparency. 1. A photocatalytic composition comprising a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst.2. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst improves the catalytic performance of the photocatalyst by at least about 1.2 claim 1 , as measured by the rate of photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde.3. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst has a band gap of about 1.5 eV to about 3.5 eV.4. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises tungsten or titanium.5. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , where the photocatalyst is doped with a naturally occurring element.6. The photocatalyst composition of claim 1 , where the photocatalyst is loaded with a transition metal claim 1 , a transition metal oxide claim 1 , or a transition metal hydroxide.7. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises WO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , or Ti(O claim 1 ,C claim 1 ,N):Sn.8. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is a metal oxide capable of being reduced by electron transfer from the conduction band of the photocatalyst.9. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is a metal oxide capable of reducing Oby electron transfer.10. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is capable of converting atmospheric Oto superoxide radical ion.11. The photocatalytic composition of claim 10 , wherein the co-catalyst is capable of converting atmospheric Oto superoxide radical ion under ambient conditions.12. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst comprises anatase TiO claim 1 , SrTiO claim 1 , KTaO claim 1 , or KNbO.13. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst comprises InO claim 1 , TaO claim 1 , anatase TiO claim 1 , rutile TiO claim 1 , a combination of anatase and ...

Catalyst and method for the production of chlorine by gas phase oxidation

The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparation of chlorine by catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, in which the catalyst comprises calcined tin dioxide as a support and at least one halogen-containing ruthenium compound, and to the use thereof.

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CELLULOSE OR LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS USING STABLE NON-ZEOLITE SOLID LEWIS ACIDS BASED ON TIN OR ANTIMONY ALONE OR AS A MIXTURE

The invention relates to a process for transformation of lignocellulosic biomass or cellulose using stable non-zeolitic heterogeneous catalysts that are based on tin and/or antimony, preferably dispersed on a substrate. The use of these catalysts makes it possible to obtain directly lactic acid with high selectivity while limiting the production of oligosaccharides and soluble polymers. 1. Process for transformation of cellulosic biomass or cellulose into lactic acid , comprising bringing said biomass or cellulose into contact , in the presence of water , with a non-zeolitic heterogeneous catalyst that is based on tin and/or antimony , whereby said catalyst has Lewis-type acid sites.2. Process according to claim 1 , in which said catalyst is based on tin oxide and/or antimony oxide.3. Process according to claim 1 , in which said catalyst is dispersed on a substrate that is based on at least one oxide or a carbon-containing substrate.4. Process according to claim 3 , in which said oxide-based substrate is selected from among the oxides of aluminum and/or zirconium and/or titanium and/or niobium.5. Process according to claim 3 , in which the carbon-containing substrate is selected from among activated carbons claim 3 , carbon black claim 3 , and carbon-containing microporous or mesoporous solids such as carbon nanotubes claim 3 , or carbon fibers.6. Process according to claim 1 , in which the content of Lewis-type acid sites is greater than 50% of the total content of acid sites.7. Process according to claim 1 , in which the content of tin and/or antimony is between 1 and 100% by weight claim 1 , preferably between 1 and 50% claim 1 , preferably between 1 and 30% by weight claim 1 , and even more preferably between 1 and 20% by weight relative to the total mass of the catalyst.8. Process according to claim 1 , in which the precursors of tin or antimony are selected from among hydrides claim 1 , halides claim 1 , oxides claim 1 , sulfides claim 1 , or organometallic ...

PROCESS AND CATALYST FOR LOW TEMPERATURE NON-OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF PROPANE TO PROPYLENE

A process and catalyst are provided for the non-oxidative dehydrogenation of propane for the production of propylene as petrochemical building blocks. The process provides a direct single-step gas-phase dehydration of propane mixed with nitrogen in the presence and absence of steam/hydrogen over supported bimetallic alumina-silicates zeolites. The catalyst contains no precious metal entities and may contain one metal from group VIB in combination with another metal from group IIIA or IVA supported on FAU, MFI, KFI, BEA type alumina-silicates zeolites. The process provides a propane conversion of 18% to 52% with a propylene yield of 10% to 25%. 1. A catalyst composition comprising:(a) a porous alumina-silicates zeolite Faujasite (FAU), Zeolite Mobil type Five (MFI), Zeolite Kerr Five (KFI) and Zeolite Beta polymorph A (BEA) as catalyst support;(b) a first metal selected from transition metals of group VIB, wherein the amount of the first metal is from 1 wt % to 10 wt % based on the porous zeolite catalyst support;(c) a second metal selected from a metals of group IIIA or IVA, wherein the amount of the second metal is from 1 wt % to 8 wt % based on the porous zeolite catalyst support; and(d) an alkaline metal, wherein the amount of alkaline metal from 0.5 wt % to 2 wt % based on the porous zeolite catalyst support.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , and tungsten.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the second metal is selected from the group consisting of tin claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , and indium.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline metal is selected from the group consisting of sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , and cesium.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the first metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum claim 5 , chromium claim 5 , and tungsten.7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the second metal is selected from the group ...

GOLD-BASED CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATIVE ESTERIFICATION OF ALDEHYDES TO OBTAIN CARBOXYLIC ESTERS

Catalysts for oxidative esterification can be used, for example, fro converting (meth)acrolein to methyl (meth)acrylate. The catalysts are especially notable for high mechanical and chemical stability even over very long time periods, including activity and/or selectivity relatively in continuous operation in media having even a small water content. 1. A hydrolysis-resistant catalyst , comprising:a) 0.01 to 10 mol % of gold,b) 40 to 94 mol % of silicon,c) 3 to 40 mol % of aluminium, andd) 2 to 40 mol % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanoids having atomic numbers 57 to 71, Y, Sc, Ti, Zr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Bi,wherein components b) to d) are present as oxides and the stated amounts of components a) to d) relate to 100 mol % of the composition of the catalyst without oxygen,wherein the catalyst is in the form of particles and is suitable for the oxidative esterification of aldehydes to carboxylic esters,wherein the catalyst has a shell structure comprising a core and at least one shell, where at least 80% of the total amount of component a) is part of a shell, andwherein the catalyst has a PZC value between 7 and 11.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , which claim 1 , except for the oxygen claim 1 , consists of components a) to d).3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises between 0.05 and 2 mol % of component a).4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein component a) is in the form of particles having a mean diameter between 2 and 10 nm.5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst particles have an average diameter between 10 and 200 μm and a spherical shape.6. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises between 2 and 30 mol % of Mg claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , La claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Pb and/or Bi as component d).7. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a core and two shells claim 1 , ...

STAGED SEMIREGENERATIVE CATALYST SYSTEM WITH FRONT CATALYST ZONES CONTAINING HIGHER LEVELS OF ALKALI WITH IMPROVED YIELD AND HIGH ACTIVITY AND STABILITY

The invention provides a process for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons comprising contacting the hydrocarbon feed in two or more sequential catalyst zones. The initial catalyst zone is a fixed-bed system and contains an initial catalytic composition comprising a platinum component, a germanium or rhenium component, a refractory inorganic oxide, potassium and a halogen component and then there is a terminal catalyst zone with a terminal catalyst composition that has a similar composition but with an essential lack of potassium. The addition of potassium was found to improve the yield of C5+ hydrocarbons. 1. A process for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons comprising contacting the hydrocarbon feed in two or more sequential catalyst zones , wherein:(a) an initial catalyst zone which is a fixed-bed system and contains an initial catalytic composition comprising a platinum component, a germanium or rhenium component or a combination thereof, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, a halogen component, and a refractory inorganic oxide; and(b) a terminal catalyst zone which is in a fixed-bed system and contains a terminal catalyst composition comprising a platinum component, a germanium or rhenium component or a combination thereof, a refractory inorganic oxide, and a halogen component.2. The process of wherein said catalyst composition of alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal in said initial catalyst zone comprises about 150 to 5000 ppm potassium.3. The process of wherein said terminal catalyst contains less than or equal to 150 ppm alkaline earth metal or alkali metal.4. The process of further comprising one or more middle catalyst zones with catalyst compositions comprising about 100 to 1000 ppm of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.5. The process of wherein said terminal catalyst composition comprises 0 to 50 wt % as much alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as said initial catalyst composition.6. The process of where the initial claim 1 , terminal ...

Catalyst for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, method and application thereof

The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

CATALYSTS, METHODS, AND SYSTEMS FOR PREPARING CARBAMATES

Methods, systems and kits for preparing carbamates as well as catalysts for preparing the carbamates, are disclosed. The methods for preparing carbamate can include providing a catalyst comprising cerium oxide (CeO2) and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), tin (Sn), indium (In), and any combination thereof; contacting the catalyst with at least one amine and at least one alcohol to form a mixture; and contacting the mixture with carbon dioxide under conditions sufficient to form the carbamate. 1. A catalyst comprising cerium oxide (CeO) and aluminum (Al); wherein the catalyst is a calcined catalyst.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst.34-. (canceled)5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a formula CeAlO claim 1 , wherein x and y add up to about 1 claim 1 , and x and y are each a positive number.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein x is about 0.8 to about 1 claim 5 , and y is about 0 to about 0.2.7. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein x is 0.966 and y is 0.033.829-. (canceled)30. A method of preparing a carbamate claim 5 , the method comprising:contacting a catalyst with at least one amine and at least one alcohol to form a mixture; andcontacting the mixture with carbon dioxide under conditions sufficient to form the carbamate;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the catalyst comprises cerium oxide CeOand aluminum Al and is a calcined catalyst.'}3134-. (canceled)35. The method of claim 30 , wherein the at least one alcohol comprises methanol claim 30 , ethanol claim 30 , propanol claim 30 , butanol claim 30 , n-hexanol claim 30 , or a combination of any two or more thereof.36. The method of claim 30 , wherein the at least one amine comprises at least one aliphatic amine.37. The method of claim 36 , wherein the at least one aliphatic amine comprises methylamine claim 36 , ethylamine claim 36 , n-propylamine ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LACTIDE DIRECTLY FROM LACTIC ACID AND A CATALYST USED THEREIN

The present invention provides a method for directly producing lactide by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin compound, preferably, a tin (IV) compound, wherein lactide can be produced directly or by one step from lactic acid, without going through the step of producing or separating lactic acid oligomer. The method of the present invention has advantages of causing no loss of lactic acid, having a high conversion ratio to lactic acid and a high selectivity to optically pure lactide, and maintaining a long life time of the catalyst. Further, since lactic acid oligomer is not or hardly generated and the selectivity of meso-lactide is low, the method also has an advantage that the cost for removing or purifying this can be saved.

Doped carbonaceous materials for photocatalytic removal of pollutants under visible light, making methods and applications of same

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

SURFACE COATINGS FOR SELF-DECONTAMINATION

An apparatus includes a substrate having a surface and a transparent photocatalyst coating secured on the surface of the substrate, wherein the transparent photocatalyst coating includes titanium oxide and a component selected from a fluorescent dye, ultra-fine glitter, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, silver nitrate, and combinations thereof. The substrate is preferably selected from an appliance handle, doorknob, switch, keyboard, countertop, appliance handle, equipment button, touchscreen, handrail, light emitting device, and light cover. Such substrates are frequently touched by one or more users and may become contaminated. However, the transparent photocatalyst coating may be self-decontaminating. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a substrate having a surface; anda transparent photocatalyst coating secured on the surface of the substrate, wherein the transparent photocatalyst coating includes titanium oxide and a component selected from a fluorescent dye, ultra-fine glitter, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, silver nitrate, and combinations thereof.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is selected from an appliance handle claim 1 , doorknob claim 1 , switch claim 1 , keyboard claim 1 , countertop claim 1 , appliance handle claim 1 , equipment button claim 1 , touchscreen claim 1 , handrail claim 1 , light emitting device claim 1 , and light cover.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst coating is transparent.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the photocatalyst coating is secured to the surface of the substrate by a layer of a binder disposed between the surface of the substrate and the photocatalyst coating claim 3 , wherein the binder layer is transparent.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst coating is formed from a mixture including a titanium oxide sol and an amorphous titanium peroxide sol claim 1 , wherein the mixture includes less than or equal to 30 weight percent (wt %) titanium oxide sol based ...

FUNCTIONALIZED BORON NITRIDE CATALYSTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT OLEFINS FROM ALKANE FEEDS VIA OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION

Disclosed is a catalyst comprising: a composition having a formula BNMOwherein B represents boron, N represents nitrogen, M comprises a metal or metalloid, and O represents oxygen, x ranges from 0 to 1, y ranges from 0.01 to 5.5; and z ranges from 0 to 16.5. The catalyst may be suitable for converting alkanes to olefins. 1. A catalyst comprising: {'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z, 'BNMO'}, 'a composition having a formula'} B represents boron, N represents nitrogen, M is platinum, silver, lanthanum, tin, cerium, zirconium, titanium, tin, strontium, magnesium, tungsten, copper, gallium, lithium, sodium, cesium, calcium, manganese, zinc, lead, barium, gallium, yttrium, ytterbium, silicon, cesium, germanium, niobium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, or a combination thereof, and O represents oxygen,', 'x ranges from 0 to 1,', 'y ranges from 0.01 to 5.5; and', 'z ranges from 0 to 16.5., 'wherein'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein x ranges from 0.01 to 1.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein x ranges from 0.9 to 1.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein y and z range from 0.01 to 0.06.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein y and z are 0.06.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein x is equal to 1 and boron is present as a component of boron nitride.7. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein y and z are equal.8. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein M and O is speciated as magnesium oxide.9. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein M is strontium and M and O is speciated as strontium oxide.10. The catalyst of claim 6 , wherein boron nitride is present as hexagonal boron nitride.11. The catalyst of claim 6 , wherein boron nitride is present as cubic claim 6 , wurtzitic claim 6 , or amorphous boron nitride.12. The catalyst of claim 3 , further comprising a support.13. The catalyst of claim 12 , wherein the catalyst is suitable for converting an alkane to an olefin and wherein the olefin comprises ethylene claim 12 , propylene claim 12 , butylene claim 12 , isobutene claim 12 , or a combination ...

PREPARATION METHOD OF PLATINUM/TIN/METAL/ALUMINA CATALYST FOR DIRECT DEHYDROGENATION OF n-BUTANE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING C4 OLEFINS USING SAID CATALYST

The provided is a method for preparing a platinum-tin-metal-alumina catalyst by comprising: as an active ingredient, platinum which has a high activity in a direct dehydrogenation reaction of n-butane, tin which can increase the catalyst stability by preventing carbon deposition; additionally metal for reducing the level of catalyst inactivation over the reaction time; and an alumina carrier for supporting said components. Further, provided is a method for producing a high value product, C4 olefins from low cost n-butane by using the catalyst prepared by the method according to the present invention in a direct dehydrogenation reaction.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING INDENE

The present invention provides a production method for indene, comprising a dehydrogenation step of obtaining a reaction product containing indene by contacting a raw material composition containing indene with a dehydrogenation catalyst, wherein the dehydrogenation catalyst comprises a support containing aluminum, and a group 14 metal element and platinum supported on the support, a content of the platinum in the dehydrogenation catalyst is 0.6 to 2.5% by mass based on a whole amount of the dehydrogenation catalyst, and an atomic ratio of the group 14 metal element to the platinum in the dehydrogenation catalyst is 4.0 to 20.0. 1. A production method for indene , comprising a dehydrogenation step of obtaining a reaction product containing indene by contacting a raw material composition containing indane with a dehydrogenation catalyst ,wherein the dehydrogenation catalyst comprises a support containing aluminum, and a group 14 metal element and platinum supported on the support,a content of the platinum in the dehydrogenation catalyst is 0.6 to 2.5% by mass based on a whole amount of the dehydrogenation catalyst, andan atomic ratio of the group 14 metal element to the platinum in the dehydrogenation catalyst is 4.0 to 20.0.2. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratio of the group 14 metal element to the platinum in the dehydrogenation catalyst is 7.0 to 20.0.3. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the group 14 metal element is tin.4. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the group 14 metal element and the platinum are supported on the support by using a metal source not containing a chlorine atom.5. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein a mole fraction of the indane in the raw material composition is 0.2 or more.6. The production method according to claim 1 , further comprising a raw material synthesis step of obtaining indane by dehydrogenation reaction of tetrahydroindene. The present ...

METHOD OF PREPARING ELECTROCATALYSTS FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE TO CHEMICALS

Electrocatalysts composed of single atoms or metal clusters dispersed over porous carbon support were prepared by a lithium-melt method. The new catalysts demonstrated high selectivity, high Faradic efficiency and low overpotential toward to the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to chemicals. 1. A method of synthesizing a catalyst comprising:adding a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of Sn, Bi, or In in its metallic form to molten lithium metal;atomically dispersing the catalytic metal in the molten lithium;forming a lithium catalytic metal-solid;converting a portion of lithium in the lithium catalytic metal solid to lithium hydroxide forming a catalytic metal-lithium hydroxide solid;mixing said catalytic metal-lithium hydroxide solid with a conductive support material to form a mixture, the conductive support material being carbonaceous with a porous network and having catalytic metal decorated throughout the porous network;removing lithium hydroxide from the mixture leaving a mixture of catalytic metal and the conductive support material; anddrying the mixture of catalytic metal and the conductive support material to produce the catalyst containing the catalytic metal atomically dispersed over the conductive support material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the portion of the lithium-catalytic metal solid to catalytic metal-lithium hydroxide solid comprises reacting lithium in the lithium catalytic metal solid with moist air.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising mixing the catalytic metal-lithium hydroxide solid with the conductive support material using a mechanical method.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten lithium metal is 300° C. or less.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the metal hydroxide comprises a drop-wise washing of the catalytic metal lithium metal hydroxide solid with water thereby removing lithium.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the washing comprises forming an alkaline water ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLYCOLS

A process for the production of glycols is provided, the process comprising the steps of: (i) contacting a saccharide-containing feedstock with a catalyst system in a reactor in the presence of a reaction medium, a buffer system for controlling the pH within the reactor, and hydrogen; (ii) withdrawing a reactor product stream from the reactor; (iii) separating the reactor product stream into at least a glycol product stream and a hydrocarbon heavies stream; and (iv) recycling the hydrocarbon heavies stream at least partially back to the reactor; wherein components of the buffer system withdrawn from the reactor in the reactor product stream separate with the heavies stream and are recycled therewith. 1. A process for the production of glycols comprising the steps of:(i) contacting a saccharide-containing feedstock with a catalyst system in a reactor in the presence of a reaction medium, a buffer system for controlling the pH within the reactor, and hydrogen;(ii) withdrawing a reactor product stream from the reactor;(iii) separating the reactor product stream into at least a glycol product stream and a hydrocarbon heavies stream; and(iv) recycling the hydrocarbon heavies stream at least partially back to the reactor;wherein components of the buffer system withdrawn from the reactor in the reactor product stream separate with the heavies stream and are recycled therewith.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the buffer system comprises a heavy organic acid.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the buffer system comprises an organic acid with a pKa of from 3.0 to 4.5 claim 1 , more preferably from 3.5 to 4.0.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the buffer system comprises sodium lactate/lactic acid and/or sodium glycolate/glycolic acid.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein buffer system in the reactor controls the pH within the range of 2.5 to 5 claim 1 , more preferably in the range of 2.5 to 4.5 claim 1 , most preferably in the ...

METAL-DOPED TIN OXIDE FOR ELECTROCATALYSIS APPLICATIONS

The present invention relates to a metal-doped tin oxide which has a BET surface area of at least 30 m 2/g, and comprises at least one metal dopant which is Sb, Nb, Ta, Bi, W, or In, or any mixture thereof, wherein the metal dopant is present in an amount of from 2.5 at % to 25 at %, based on the total amount of tin and metal dopant atoms, and is in a mixed valence state containing atoms of oxidation state OS1 and atoms of oxidation state OS2, wherein the oxidation state OS1 is >0 and the oxidation state OS2 is >OS1 and the atomic ratio of the atoms of OS2 to the atoms of OS1 is from 1.5 to 12.0. 116.-. (canceled)17. A metal-doped tin oxide which{'sup': '2', 'has a BET surface area of at least 30 m/g, and'}comprises at least one metal dopant which is Sb, Nb, Ta, Bi, W, or In, or any mixture thereof, is present in an amount of from 2.5 at % to 25 at %, based on the total amount of tin and metal dopant atoms, and', 'is in a mixed valence state containing atoms of oxidation state OS1 and atoms of oxidation state OS2, wherein the oxidation state OS1 is >0 and the oxidation state OS2 is >OS1 and the atomic ratio of the atoms of OS2 to the atoms of OS1 is from 1.5 to 12.0., 'wherein the metal dopant'}18. The metal-doped tin oxide according to claim 17 , wherein the amount of the metal dopant is from 2.5 at % to 10.0 at %.19. The metal-doped tin oxide according to claim 17 , wherein the BET surface area of the metal-doped tin oxide is from 30 m/g to 150 m/g and/or the electrical conductivity of the metal doped tin oxide is at least 0.02 S/cm.20. The metal-doped tin oxide according to claim 17 , wherein the atomic ratio of the atoms of OS2 to the atoms of OS1 is from 3.0 and 9.0.21. The metal-doped tin oxide according to claim 17 , wherein the metal dopant is Sb claim 17 , the atoms of oxidation state OS2 are Sb claim 17 , and the atoms of oxidation state OS1 are Sb.22. A process for preparing the metal-doped tin oxide according to claim 17 , comprisingpreparing a metal- ...

Titanium Stannate Silicate, Method of Preparation and Use Thereof

The present invention relates to an amorphous titanium stannate silicate with the general formula: MTiSiSnO, wherein M is proton, ammonium, a metal or a mixture of metals, wherein v is the valence of M being a positive integer, and wherein x, y, z and w are molar ratios: x is 1, y is from 0.01 to 99, z is from 0.01 to 99, and w is from 0.01 to 50. The described titanium stannate silicates are particularly useful in catalysis and adsorption. 2. The titanium stannate silicate according to claim 1 , wherein M is at least one of proton claim 1 , ammonium claim 1 , Na claim 1 , Li claim 1 , K claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Fe(II) claim 1 , Fe(III) claim 1 , Sn(II) claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , La claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , V claim 1 , W claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mn.3. The titanium stannate silicate according to claim 1 , wherein y is in the range of 0.1-10.4. The titanium stannate silicate according to claim 1 , wherein z is in the range of 0.03-5.5. The titanium stannate silicate according to claim 1 , wherein w is in the range 0.1-10.6. The titanium stannate silicate according to claim 1 , wherein said titanium stannate silicate has a pore volume of at least 0.3 mL/g claim 1 , determined by liquid nitrogen adsorption.7. The titanium stannate silicate according to claim 1 , wherein said titanium stannate silicate has an average pore diameter of at least 40 Å claim 1 , determined by liquid nitrogen adsorption.8. The titanium stannate silicate according to having a form of powder claim 1 , tablets claim 1 , granules or extrudate.9. A method for titanium stannate silicate preparation claim 1 , the method comprising:reacting a soluble silicate source, a soluble stannate source and a soluble titanium source in an aqueous medium to form titanium stannate silicate,percipitaing the titanium stannate silicate, andisolating the titanium stannate silicate.10. The method according to claim 9 , further ...

Stable Support For Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst

A process has been developed for preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst precursor and a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst made from the precursor. The process includes contacting a gamma alumina catalyst support material with a first solution containing a compound containing an element selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb) and mixtures thereof to obtain a modified catalyst support material. The modified catalyst support material is calcined at a temperature of at least 700° C. The calcined modified catalyst support has a pore volume of at least 0.4 cc/g. The modified catalyst support is less soluble in acid solutions than an equivalent unmodified catalyst support. The modified catalyst support is contacted with a second solution which includes a precursor compound of an active cobalt catalyst component to obtain a catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is reduced to activate the catalyst precursor to obtain the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. The catalyst has enhanced hydrothermal stability as measured by losing no more than 25% of its pore volume when exposed to water vapor. 1. A process for preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst precursor , the process comprising:a. contacting a gamma alumina catalyst support material with a first solution comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of yttrium, niobium, molybdenum, tin, antimony and mixtures thereof to form a composite support material;b. calcining the composite support material at a temperature of at least 700° C. to form a modified composite support having a pore volume of at least 0.4 cc/g; wherein the modified catalyst support loses no more than 30% of its pore volume when exposed to water vapor; andc. contacting the modified composite support with a second solution comprising a precursor compound of an active catalyst component comprising cobalt to obtain a catalyst precursor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises ...

Integrated process for the production of benzoate plasticizers

The invention relates to a process that integrates the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid with the production of benzoate plasticizers. Toluene is fed to an oxidation vessel in the presence of oxygen and an oxidation catalyst wherein benzoic acid serves as the solvent for the oxidation. The crude benzoic acid produced is not purified and is then reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an esterification catalyst to produce the crude benzoate ester. The oxidation catalyst, esterification catalyst, and other impurities can be mostly removed from the crude benzoate ester in subsequent washing and filtering steps. The benzoate esters produced through this method can be made in fewer steps with both yields and purities above 80%.

CATALYTIC HYDROCARBON DEHYDROGENATION

A catalyst for dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons includes a support including zirconium oxide and alumina. A concentration of the zirconium oxide in the catalyst is in a range of from 1 weight percent (wt. %) to 20 wt. %. The catalyst includes from 0.01 wt. % to 2 wt. % of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. The catalyst includes from 1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of tin. The catalyst includes from 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of a platinum group metal. The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, tin, and platinum group metal are disposed on the support. 1. A catalyst for dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons , the catalyst comprising:a support comprising zirconium oxide and alumina, wherein a concentration of the zirconium oxide in the catalyst is in a range of from 1 weight percent (wt. %) to 20 wt. %;from 0.01 wt. % to 2 wt. % of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal disposed on the support;from 1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of tin, the tin disposed on the support; andfrom 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of a platinum group metal, the platinum group metal disposed on the support.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , rubidium claim 1 , cesium claim 1 , beryllium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , and barium.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the alkali metal is potassium or cesium.4. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the alumina comprises gamma-alumina or theta-alumina.5. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the platinum group metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum claim 2 , ruthenium claim 2 , iridium claim 2 , rhodium claim 2 , and palladium.6. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst is configured to dehydrogenate hydrocarbons including 3 to 6 carbon atoms at an operating temperature in a range of from about 500 degrees Celsius (° C.) to about 800° C. and an operating pressure in a range of from ...

Method for preparing sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and chlorination method using sulfated metal oxide catalyst

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination.

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a metal oxide supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The metal oxide may be nickel oxide (NiO) or tin dioxide (SnO). The metal oxides form 20 wt % of the catalyst. In order to make the catalysts, a metal oxide precursor is first dissolved in deionized water to form a metal oxide precursor solution. The metal oxide precursor solution is then sonicated and the solution is impregnated in a support material composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a slurry. The slurry is then sonicated to form a homogeneous solid solution. Solids are removed from the homogeneous solid solution and dried in an oven for about 24 hours at a temperature of about 110° C. Drying is then followed by calcination in a tubular furnace under an argon atmosphere for about three hours at a temperature of 450° C. 110-. (canceled)11. A method of making a catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide , comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'dissolving tin chloride (SnCl) in deionized water to form a tin precursor solution;'}sonicating the tin precursor solution;impregnating the sonicated tin precursor solution in a support material comprising multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a slurry;sonicating the slurry to form a homogeneous solid solution;removing solids from the homogenous solid solution;drying the solids; andcalcining the dried solids to form the catalytic composition.12. The method of making a catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide as recited in claim 11 , further comprising the step of adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the sonicated tin precursor solution.13. The method of making a catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide as recited in claim 11 , wherein the step of sonicating the slurry comprises sonicating the slurry for about two hours.14. The method of making a catalytic composition for the ...

THERMOLATENT CATALYST AND ITS USE IN CURABLE COMPOSITIONS

Tin-containing catalysts are provided comprising a compound of formula I. 2. The compound of comprising a reaction product of:(i) a tin(IV) compound; and (a) a compound having two secondary amine groups and two additional active hydrogen-containing functional groups that may be the same as or different from the amine groups and from each other; and', '(b) a reactant comprising an isocyanate, an ethylenically unsaturated compound, a lactone, a dilactone, a thiolactone, a lactam, a thiolactam, a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, and/or an epoxide., '(ii) an adduct of3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the tin(IV) compound (i) comprises tin(IV) chloride claim 2 , tin(IV) isopropoxide and/or tin(IV) tertbutoxide.4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the compound (a) having two secondary amine groups and two additional active hydrogen-containing functional groups comprises N claim 2 , N′-bis(hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine.5. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the reactant (b) comprises 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and/or butyl acrylate.6. A curable composition comprising:(A) a first reactive compound comprising reactive functional groups;(B) a second reactive compound comprising functional groups reactive with the reactive functional groups in (A); and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(C) a catalyst component comprising at least one compound of .'}7. The curable composition of claim 6 , wherein the first reactive compound (A) comprises a polyisocyanate claim 6 , polyepoxide claim 6 , polyol claim 6 , and/or polyacid.8. The curable composition of claim 6 , wherein the second reactive compound (B) contains hydroxyl claim 6 , acid claim 6 , and/or thiol reactive functional groups.9. The curable composition of claim 8 , wherein the second reactive compound (B) comprises an acrylic polymer claim 8 , a polyether polymer claim 8 , polyurethane and/or a polyester polymer.10. The curable composition of claim 6 , wherein the first reactive compound (A) comprises a ...

ACTIVATED METAL LOW TEMPERATURE REACTION PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS

In a method for capturing carbon, sulfur, and/or nitrogen from a target source, a matrix including activated metal dispersed in a metal activating agent is provided. The target source may be or include a carbon, sulfur, and/or nitrogen target compound. The target source is contacted with the matrix, wherein the activated metal reacts with the target source to produce elemental carbon, elemental sulfur, elemental nitrogen, and/or one or more compounds transformed from the target compound(s). The matrix may be produced by contacting a metal with the metal activating agent, and maintaining contact between the metal and the metal activating agent for a period of time sufficient for metal atoms from the solid metal to disperse in the metal activating agent. The reaction may also produce a metal compound. The activated metal may also be utilized in alkylation and other synthesis processes. 1. A method for capturing a target element from a target source , the method comprising:providing a matrix comprising an activated metal dispersed in a metal activating agent; andcontacting the target source with the matrix, wherein:the target element is selected from the group consisting of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing;the target source comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of a target carbon compound, a target sulfur compound, a target nitrogen compound, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing; andthe activated metal reacts with the target source to produce a product selected from the group consisting of elemental carbon, elemental sulfur, elemental nitrogen, a transformed carbon compound transformed from the target carbon compound, a transformed sulfur compound transformed from the target sulfur compound, a transformed nitrogen compound transformed from the target nitrogen compound, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activated metal reacts with the target ...

Adhesive Composition

The present technology provides an adhesive composition containing a urethane prepolymer (UP), plural types of carbon blacks (CB), calcium carbonate, aliphatic isocyanate, a metal catalyst, and an amine catalyst, wherein first and second CBs have dibutyl phthalate oil absorptions of from 23 to 40 cm/100 g and from 85 to 120 cm/100 g, respectively; contents 1 and 2 of the first and second CBs are respectively not less than 25 parts by mass and not less than 9 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the UP; a content of the calcium carbonate is from 5 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the UP, and from 5 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of a sum of the contents 1 and 2. 1. A one-part moisture curing-type adhesive composition comprising a urethane prepolymer , carbon black , calcium carbonate , aliphatic isocyanate , a metal catalyst , and an amine catalyst ,wherein the carbon black comprises plural types of carbon blacks;{'sup': '3', 'a first carbon black has a dibutyl phthalate oil absorption of from 23 to 40 cm/100 g;'}{'sup': '3', 'a second carbon black has a dibutyl phthalate oil absorption of from 85 to 120 cm/100 g;'}a content 1 of the first carbon black is not less than 25 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the urethane prepolymer;a content 2 of the second carbon black is not less than 9 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the urethane prepolymer;a content of the calcium carbonate is from 5 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the urethane prepolymer; anda content of the calcium carbonate is from 5 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of a sum of the content 1 and the content 2.2. The adhesive composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content 1 is not greater than 140 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the urethane prepolymer.3. The adhesive composition according to or claim 1 , wherein the content 2 is not greater than 45 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the urethane prepolymer.4. The adhesive composition ...

Coated Hydrotalcite Catalysts and Processes for Producing Butanol

A catalyst composition for converting ethanol to higher alcohols, such as butanol, is disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises metal coated hydrotalcite and method of making same.

Catalysts and Processes for Producing Butanol

In one embodiment, the invention is to a catalyst composition for converting ethanol to higher alcohols, such as butanol. The catalyst composition comprises one or more metals and one or more supports. The one or more metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, zinc, iron, tin and copper. The one or more supports are selected from the group consisting of AlO, ZrO, MgO, TiO, zeolite, ZnO, and mixtures thereof, wherein the catalyst is substantially free of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. 1. A catalyst for converting alcohols to higher alcohols , the catalyst comprising:one or more metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, iron, zinc, tin and copper; and{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2, 'a support selected from the group consisting of AlO, ZrO, MgO, TiO, zeolite, ZnO, and mixtures thereof, wherein the catalyst is substantially free of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metals are present in an amount from 0.01 wt. % to 20 wt. %.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support is present in an amount from 80 wt. % to 99.99 wt. %.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium claim 1 , copper claim 1 , and cobalt.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , further comprises a support modifier selected from the group consisting of pyridine claim 1 , tetramethylammonium hydroxide claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium hydroxide claim 1 , ammonium hydroxide claim 1 , methyl amine claim 1 , imidazole claim 1 , and other suitable support modifiers.6. A catalyst for converting alcohols to higher alcohols claim 1 , the catalyst comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2, 'one or more support selected from the group consisting of AlO, ZrO, MgO, TiO, zeolite, ZnO, and a mixture thereof;'}one or more metal layers on the one or more support comprise one or more metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, ...

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a metal oxide supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The metal oxide may be nickel oxide (NiO) or tin dioxide (SnO). The metal oxides form 20 wt % of the catalyst. In order to make the catalysts, a metal oxide precursor is first dissolved in deionized water to form a metal oxide precursor solution. The metal oxide precursor solution is then sonicated and the solution is impregnated in a support material composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a slurry. The slurry is then sonicated to form a homogeneous solid solution. Solids are removed from the homogeneous solid solution and dried in an oven for about 24 hours at a temperature of about 110° C. Drying is then followed by calcination in a tubular furnace under an argon atmosphere for about three hours at a temperature of 450° C. 1. A catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide , comprising a metal oxide supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes , wherein the metal oxide comprises about 20 wt % of the catalytic composition.2. The catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide as recited in claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises nickel oxide (NiO).3. An electrode for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide having the composition of coated thereon.4. The catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide as recited in claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises tin dioxide (SnO).5. An electrode for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide having the composition of coated thereon.6. A method of making a catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide claim 4 , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 3', '2', '2, 'dissolving nickel nitrate hexahydrate, Ni(NO)·6HO, in deionized water to form a nickel precursor solution;'}sonicating the nickel precursor solution;impregnating the sonicated nickel precursor solution in a ...

TITANIUM OXIDE FINE PARTICLES, DISPERSION LIQUID THEREOF, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING DISPERSION LIQUID

Provided are titanium oxide fine particles capable of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of a photocatalyst when mixed with such photocatalyst. There are provided titanium oxide fine particles with at least an iron component and a silicon component solid-dissolved therein, in which the iron and silicon components are each contained in an amount of 1 to 1,000 in terms of a molar ratio to titanium (Ti/Fe or Ti/Si); and a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion liquid in which these titanium oxide fine particles are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium. 1. Titanium oxide fine particles with at least an iron component and a silicon component solid-dissolved therein.2. The titanium oxide fine particles according to claim 1 , wherein the iron and silicon components are each contained in an amount of 1 to 1 claim 1 ,000 in terms of a molar ratio to titanium (Ti/Fe or Ti/Si).3. The titanium oxide fine particles according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide fine particles further have at least one transition metal component selected from molybdenum claim 1 , tungsten and vanadium solid-dissolved therein.4. A titanium oxide fine particle dispersion liquid wherein the titanium oxide fine particles according to which are the titanium oxide fine particles with the iron and silicon components solid-dissolved therein are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.5. A method for producing a dispersion liquid of titanium oxide fine particles with an iron component and a silicon component solid-dissolved therein claim 1 , comprising:(1) a step of producing an iron component and silicon component-containing peroxotitanic acid solution from a raw material titanium compound, iron compound, silicon compound, basic substance, hydrogen peroxide and aqueous dispersion medium; and(2) a step of obtaining a dispersion liquid of titanium oxide fine particles with the iron component and silicon component solid-dissolved therein, by heating the iron component and silicon component- ...

CATALYSTS AND RELATED METHODS FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF H2O2 AND THERMOCATALYTIC REACTANT OXIDATION

Catalysts, catalytic systems and related synthetic methods for in situ production of HOand use thereof in reaction with oxidizable substrates. 134-. (canceled)36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the proton donor is an alcohol.37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the proton donor is a linear alkene.38. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal moieties comprise V claim 35 , Ti claim 35 , Cr claim 35 , Mn claim 35 , Co claim 35 , Cu claim 35 , Zn claim 35 , Mo claim 35 , Nb claim 35 , Ta claim 35 , W claim 35 , Os claim 35 , Re claim 35 , Ir claim 35 , Sn claim 35 , or a combination thereof.39. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal moieties comprise Ti.40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the alkene is propylene claim 39 , and the oxidation product is propylene oxide.41. The method of claim 36 , wherein the alcohol is isopropanol.42. The method of claim 41 , wherein the photocatalytic oxidation of the isopropanol produces acetone.43. The method of claim 42 , further comprising hydrogenating the acetone to regenerate the isopropanol.44. The method of claim 35 , wherein the oxidation reaction is an epoxidation reaction.45. The method of claim 44 , wherein the alkene is a cycloalkene.46. The method of claim 45 , wherein the cycloalkene is cyclooctene.47. The method of claim 45 , wherein the proton donor is an alcohol48. The method of claim 35 , wherein the irradiation is intermittent. The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/073,892 filed Mar. 18, 2016, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference; which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/136,073, filed on Mar. 20, 2015, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.This invention was made with government support under DE-SC0006718 awarded by the Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention.Approximately 3.5 million metric tons of hydrogen ...

METHOD FOR FORMING PHOTOCATALYST SUBSTRATE AND APPARATUS THEREOF

A method for forming a photocatalyst substrate is disclosed, comprising the following steps. A substrate is provided. The substrate is disposed on a transporting device to transport the substrate. When the substrate is under a spray coating device, the spray coating device is used to form a photocatalyst layer on a surface of the substrate. When the substrate is under a heating device, the heating device is used to solidify the photocatalyst layer on the surface of the substrate. 1. A method for forming a photocatalyst substrate , comprising:providing a substrate;disposing the substrate on a transporting device to transport the substrate;forming a photocatalyst layer on a surface of the substrate with the spray coating device when the substrate is transported under a spray coating device; andsolidifying the photocatalyst layer on the surface of the substrate with the heating device when the substrate is transported under a heating device.2. The method for forming a photocatalyst substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein the substrate is made of paper claim 1 , textile or plastic.3. The method for forming a photocatalyst substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein the step of forming a photocatalyst layer on the surface of the substrate claim 1 , further comprising:preparing a water-based photocatalyst sol; andcoating the water-based photocatalyst sol on the surface of the substrate with the spray coating device.4. The method for forming a photocatalyst substrate as recited in claim 3 , wherein the water-based photocatalyst sol is a material selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide claim 3 , zinc oxide claim 3 , tin dioxide and the combinations thereof.5. The method for forming a photocatalyst substrate as recited in claim 3 , wherein the water-based photocatalyst sol is 0.01 wt % to 50 wt % photocatalyst.6. The method for forming a photocatalyst substrate as recited in claim 3 , wherein the water-based photocatalyst sol includes water as a solvent.7. The ...

DOPED TIN OXIDE PARTICLES AND DOPED TIN OXIDE SHELLS FOR CORE-SHELL PARTICLES

The present disclosure relates to a strategy to synthesize antimony- and zinc-doped tin oxide particles with tunable band gap characteristics. The methods yield stable and monodispersed particles with great control on uniformity of shape and size. The methods produce undoped and antimony and zinc-doped tin oxide stand-alone and core-shell particles, both nanoparticles and microparticles, as well as antimony and zinc-doped tin oxide shells for coating particles, including plasmonic core particles. 1. A method for preparing doped tin oxide material , comprising:preparing a precursor solution, wherein the precursor solution consists of water, or wherein the precursor solution comprises core particles or core-shell particles;heating the precursor solution to at least 60° C.;adding a sodium stannate solution to the precursor solution to form a mixture comprising tin oxide material;preparing a doping solution, wherein the doping solution comprises an antimonate salt or a zinc salt;adding a specific amount of the doping solution to the mixture comprising tin oxide material to form a reaction mixture;heating the reaction mixture to at least 150° C. for a period of time; andcollecting doped tin oxide material from the reaction mixture, wherein the doped tin oxide material comprises stand-alone tin oxide particles, tin oxide shells surrounding core particles, or tin oxide core-shell particles, and wherein the doped tin oxide material further comprises antimony or zinc.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor solution consists of water and wherein the doped tin oxide material comprises stand-alone tin oxide particles doped with antimony or zinc.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the stand-alone tin oxide particles are tin oxide nanoparticles or tin oxide microparticles.4. The stand-alone tin oxide particles doped with antimony or zinc prepared by the method of .5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor solution comprises core particles or core-shell particles ...

METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR HYDROLYZING POLYESTERS

The present application relates to methods of hydrolyzing a polyester by contacting the polyester with a solid acid catalyst. Also disclosed are solid acid catalysts that are useful for hydrolyzing a polyester and methods of making the solid acid catalysts. Furthermore, compositions including one or both of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol, and at least one solid acid catalyst are also disclosed. 1. A method of hydrolyzing a polyester , the method comprising:providing a first mixture comprising at least one polyester, and at least one solid acid catalyst; andcontacting the first mixture with carbon dioxide under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze the at least one polyester to form a second mixture comprising at least one dicarboxylic acid and at least one diol.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:recovering the at least one dicarboxylic acid and the at least one diol from the second mixture.4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 3 , wherein recovering the dicarboxylic acid and the diol from the second mixture comprises:separating the second mixture into a first solid phase and a first liquid phase; andseparating the diol from the first liquid phase.67.-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 3 , wherein recovering the at least one dicarboxylic acid and the at least one diol from the second mixture comprises:separating the second mixture into a first solid phase and a first liquid phase;contacting the first solid phase with a solvent or an alkali to form a second solid phase and a second liquid phase;converting a salt of the at least one dicarboxylic acid to the at least one dicarboxylic acid by contacting the second liquid phase with an acid; andseparating the at least one dicarboxylic acid from the second liquid phase.910.-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 8 , wherein contacting the first solid phase with an alkali comprises contacting with sodium hydroxide claim 8 , potassium hydroxide claim 8 , or both.12. (canceled)13. The method of claim 8 , wherein contacting ...

Method and catalyst for producing alcohol

An alcohol production method in which an alcohol is produced from a carbonyl compound, the method including producing an alcohol by using a catalyst, the catalyst including a metal component including rhenium having an average valence of 4 or less and a carrier supporting the metal component, the carrier including zirconium oxide. A catalyst for producing an alcohol by hydrogenation of a carbonyl compound, the catalyst including a carrier including zirconium oxide and a metal component supported on the carrier, the metal component including rhenium having an average valence of 4 or less.

Methods for alkane dehydrogenation

Disclosed herein are methods for dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins by co-injecting the alkane feed with hydrogen. The present methods provide the improved feed conversion, desired product selectivity, total olefins in product stream, and lower catalyst deactivation rate.

SUPPORTED ALKOXYLATED ORGANOTIN REACTANT, PREPARATION AND USE FOR HETEROGENEOUS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF TETRAZOLES

A supported alkoxylated organotin reactant, to the process for preparing same, to the use of such a reactant as a catalyst for heterogeneous-phase organic synthesis, and also to a process for heterogeneous-phase synthesis of 5-substituted or 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles using such a reactant. 2. The reactant as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that Sup is insoluble in organic solvents.3. The reactant as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the polymer of the solid support is selected from styrene-based polymers claim 1 , poly(phenylene ethers) claim 1 , poly(phenylene sulfides) claim 1 , and polyamides.4. The reactant as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that the polymer support is selected from the polymer supports resulting from the copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene as crosslinking agent.5. The reactant as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it is selected from the compounds in which:Sup is a polymer solid support based on crosslinked or noncrosslinked styrene;{'sub': 2', 'n, 'Z=—(CH)with n=3 or 4; and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'claim-text': [{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'i) R=R=R=methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl;'}, {'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'ii) R=R=methyl and R=ethyl, propyl or butyl;'}, {'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'iii) R=R=ethyl and R=methyl, propyl, or butyl;'}, {'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'iv) R=R=propyl and R=methyl, ethyl or butyl; or'}, {'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'v) R=R=butyl and R=methyl, propyl or ethyl.'}], 'the radicals R, R, and Rhave the following meanings7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , characterized in that the solid support of formula (II) is selected from the supports of polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene claim 6 , and functionalized with chlorobutyl groups.8. The method as claimed in claim 6 , characterized in that the solvent used in the first step is selected from tetrahydrofuran claim 6 , 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran claim 6 , dimethoxyethane claim 6 , and dioxane.9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the first ...

Filter Element for Decomposing Contaminants, System for Decomposing Contaminants and Method Using the System

Embodiments of the present invention include a filter element for decomposing contaminants including a substrate, and a photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst. The embodiments of the present invention also includes a system for decomposing contaminants including a substrate, and a photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst; and a method using the system. 1. A filter element for decomposing contaminants comprising:a substrate; anda photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst.2. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a gas permeable support.3. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst shows visible light responsiveness.4. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said photocatalyst comprises WO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , or Ti(O claim 1 ,C claim 1 ,N):Sn.5. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic composition further comprises a co-catalyst.6. The filter element as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said co-catalyst comprises anatase TiO claim 5 , SrTiO claim 5 , KTaO claim 5 , or KNbO.7. The filter element as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said co-catalyst comprises InO claim 5 , TaO claim 5 , anatase TiO claim 5 , rutile TiO claim 5 , a combination of anatase and rutile TiO claim 5 , or CeO.8. The filter element as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the photocatalyst contains WO claim 5 , and the co-catalyst contains CeO.9. The filter element as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the photocatalyst contains TiOor SnO claim 5 , and the co-catalyst contains CuO or CuO claim 5 , and wherein the co-catalyst is supported on the photocatalyst.10. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , which further comprises a fluororesin porous layer laminated on at least one surface of the substrate claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic composition is disposed on the fluororesin porous layer.11. The filter element as claimed in claim 10 , wherein a ...

Preparation method of a visible-light-driven cc@sns2/sno2 composite catalyst, and application thereof

The present invention disclosed preparation method of a visible-light-driven CC@SnS 2 /SnO 2 composite catalyst, and application thereof, comprising the following steps: preparing CC@SnS 2 composite material in a solvent by using SnCl 4 .5H 2 O and C 2 H 5 NS as raw materials and carbon fiber cloth as a supporting material; calcining said CC@SnS 2 composite material to obtain the visible-light-driven CC@SnS 2 /SnO 2 composite catalyst. The present invention overcomes defects of the traditional methods of treating chromium-containing wastewater, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange resin and electrolysis, and the photocatalytic technology can make full use of solar light source or artificial light source without adding adsorbent or reducing agent. In this case, the use of semiconductor photocatalyst to convert hexavalent chromium in chromium wastewater into less toxic and easily precipitated trivalent chromium greatly reduces the cost and energy consumption.

Preparation method of platinum/tin/metal/alumina catalyst for direct dehydrogenation of n-butane and method for producing c4 olefins using said catalyst

The provided is a method for preparing a platinum-tin-metal-alumina catalyst by comprising: as an active ingredient, platinum which has a high activity in a direct dehydrogenation reaction of n-butane, tin which can increase the catalyst stability by preventing carbon deposition; additionally metal for reducing the level of catalyst inactivation over the reaction time; and an alumina carrier for supporting said components. Further, provided is a method for producing a high value product, C 4 olefins from low cost n-butane by using the catalyst prepared by the method according to the present invention in a direct dehydrogenation reaction.

NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS-MODIFIED GRANULAR CARBON-SUPPORTED BIMETALLIC CATALYST, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND USE THEREOF

Provided are a nitrogen-phosphorus-modified granular carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst, a preparation method thereof and the use thereof. The catalyst comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-modified carbon carrier and metal particles supported on the carbon carrier. The metal particles include first metal elementary substance particles, second metal elementary substance particles and bimetallic alloy phase particles. The percentage of the bimetallic alloy phase particles in the metal particles is ≥80%, and at least 90% of the alloy phase particles have a size of 1 nm to 20 nm. The catalyst has advantages such as a high proportion of alloy phase particles, a uniform particle size distribution, a high metal utilization rate, low costs, high stability and a high catalytic activity. 1. A nitrogen-phosphorus-modified granular carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst , wherein the catalyst comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-modified carbon carrier and metal particles supported on the carbon carrier , and the metal particles include first metal elementary substance particles , second metal elementary substance particles and bimetallic alloy phase particles , the percentage of the bimetallic alloy phase particles in the metal particles is ≥80% , and at least 90% of the alloy phase particles have a size of 1 nm to 20 nm.2. The granular carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the percentage of the bimetallic alloy phase particles in the metal particles is 85-95% claim 1 , and at least 95% of the alloy phase particles have a size of 2 nm to 10 nm.3. The granular carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen content in the carbon carrier is 0.5-10 wt % claim 1 , and the phosphorus content in the carbon carrier is 0.1-5.0 wt %.4. The granular carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon carrier is selected from coconut shell or wooden activated carbon claim 1 , the specific surface area of the ...

Processes for Upgrading Alkanes and Alkyl Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of a hydrocarbon-containing feed into a reaction zone. The feed can be contacted with a catalyst within the reaction zone to effect dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and/or dehydrocyclization of the feed to produce a coked catalyst and an effluent. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of an oxidant into the reaction zone. The oxidant can be contacted with the coked catalyst to effect combustion of the coke to produce a regenerated catalyst. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of a reducing gas into the reaction zone. The reduction gas can be contacted with the regenerated catalyst to produce a regenerated and reduced catalyst. The process can include introducing and contacting an additional quantity of the feed with the regenerated and reduced catalyst to produce a re-coked catalyst and additional first effluent.

FILTER ELEMENT FOR DECOMPOSING CONTAMINANTS, SYSTEM FOR DECOMPOSING CONTAMINANTS AND METHOD USING THE SYSTEM

Embodiments of the present invention include a filter element for decomposing contaminants including a substrate, and a photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst. The embodiments of the present invention also includes a system for decomposing contaminants including a substrate, and a photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst; and a method using the system. 1. A filter element for decomposing contaminants comprising:a substrate; anda photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst;{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '2, 'wherein the photocatalyst contains WOand the co-catalyst contains CeO, and wherein the molar ratio of WOto CeOis 1:5 to 5:1.'}2. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a gas permeable support.3. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst shows visible light responsiveness.4. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said photocatalyst further comprises TiOor Ti(O claim 1 ,C claim 1 ,N):Sn.5. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said co-catalyst further comprises anatase TiO claim 1 , SrTiO claim 1 , KTaO claim 1 , or KNbO.6. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said co-catalyst further comprises InO claim 1 , TaO claim 1 , anatase TiO claim 1 , rutile TiO claim 1 , or a combination of anatase and rutile TiO.7. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , which further comprises a fluororesin porous layer laminated on at least one surface of the substrate claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic composition is disposed on the fluororesin porous layer.8. The filter element as claimed in claim 7 , wherein a fluororesin constituting the fluororesin porous layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene.9. The filter element as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the photocatalytic composition is formed on the fluororesin porous layer through an aerosol deposition method.10. The filter ...

POLYURETHANE PHASE-CHANGE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF

A method of manufacturing a polyurethane phase-change composition comprises forming a curable composition comprising a homogeneous mixture of an organic isocyanate, a polyol having a hydroxyl functionality of 1.5 to 5, and a phase-change material; and curing the curable composition to obtain a polyurethane phase-change composition, wherein the polyurethane phase-change composition has a transition temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry according to ASTM D3418, of 5 to 70° C. 1. A method of manufacturing a polyurethane phase-change composition , the method comprising:forming a curable composition comprising a homogeneous mixture of an organic isocyanate, a polyol having a hydroxyl functionality of 1.5 to 5, and a phase-change material; andcuring the curable composition to obtain a polyurethane phase-change composition,wherein the polyurethane phase-change composition has a transition temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry according to ASTM D3418, of 5 to 70° C., 20 to 65° C., 25 to 60° C., 30 to 50° C., or 35 to 45° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a curable composition comprises: combininga first component comprising a homogeneous mixture of the organic isocyanate and the phase-change material, anda second component comprising a homogeneous mixture of the polyol and the phase-change material to form a polyurethane phase-change composition.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol comprises a polyester polyol claim 1 , a polyether polyol claim 1 , a polycaprolactone claim 1 , a hydrogenated hydroxyl-terminated polyolefin claim 1 , a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the number average molecular weight of the polyol is 500 to 10000 Da claim 1 , or 600 to 8000 Da claim 1 , or 700 to 6000 Da claim 1 , or 800 to 4000 Da.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic isocyanate comprises hexamethylene diisocyanate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,8- ...

OXYGEN GENERATING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING IONIC LIQUIDS

A composition for generating oxygen, comprising at least one oxygen source, at least one ionic liquid, and at least one metal oxide compound, wherein the oxygen source comprises a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from −10° C. to +50° C., and the metal oxide compound is an oxide of one single metal or of two or more different metals, said metal(s) being selected from the metals of groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements. 1. A composition for generating oxygen , comprising:at least one oxygen source;at least one ionic liquid, andat least one metal oxide compound, the oxygen source comprises a peroxide compound,', 'the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from −10° C. to +50° C., and', 'the metal oxide compound is an oxide of one single metal or of two or more different metals, said metal(s) being selected from the metals of groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements., 'wherein'}2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen source and the metal oxide compound claim 1 , or the oxygen source and the ionic liquid claim 1 , or the metal oxide compound and the ionic liquid claim 1 , are not in physical contact with each other.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen source is selected from alkali metal percarbonates claim 1 , alkali metal perborates claim 1 , urea hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen source is one or more of NaCO×1.5 HO claim 1 , NaBO×4HO claim 1 , NaBO×HO and urea hydrogen peroxide.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is at least one salt having a cation and an anion claim 1 , wherein the cation is selected from the group consisting of imidazolium claim 1 , pyrrolidinium claim 1 , ammonium claim 1 , choline claim 1 , pyridinium claim 1 , pyrazolium claim 1 , piperidinium claim 1 , phosphonium claim 1 , and ...

MESOPOROUS MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

A process for preparing a mesoporous material, e.g., transition metal oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride, Lanthanide metal oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride, a post-transition metal oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride and metalloid oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride. The process comprises providing an acidic mixture comprising a metal precursor, an interface modifier, a hydrotropic or lyotropic ion precursor, and a surfactant; and heating the acidic mixture at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to form the mesoporous material. A mesoporous material prepared by the above process. A method of controlling nano-sized wall crystallinity and mesoporosity in mesoporous materials. The method comprises providing an acidic mixture comprising a metal precursor, an interface modifier, a hydrotropic or lyotropic ion precursor, and a surfactant; and heating the acidic mixture at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to control nano-sized wall crystallinity and mesoporosity in the mesoporous material. Mesoporous materials and a method of tuning structural properties of mesoporous materials. 1383-. (canceled)384. A process for preparing a mesoporous material , said process comprising:preparing an acidic mixture by mixing one or more metal precursors, an interface modifier, a hydrotropic or lyotropic ion precursor, and a surfactant;aging the acidic mixture at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to form a powder, film or gel; andheating the powder, film or gel at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to form the mesoporous material.385. The process of wherein the mesoporous material comprises an oxide claim 384 , a sulfide claim 384 , a selenide or a telluride of the following:a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta; a Lanthanide selected from the group consisting of Nd, Sm, Ce and Gd; a post-transition metal comprising Sn; or a mixed metal or a solid acid selected from the group ...

MESOPOROUS MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

A process for preparing a mesoporous material, e.g., transition metal oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride, Lanthanide metal oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride, a post-transition metal oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride, and metalloid oxide, sulfide, selenide or telluride. The process comprises providing a micellar solution comprising a metal precursor, an interface modifier, a hydrotropic or lyotropic ion precursor, and a surfactant; and heating the micellar solution at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to form the mesoporous material. A mesoporous material prepared by the above process. A method of controlling nano-sized wall crystallinity and mesoporosity in mesoporous materials. The method comprises providing a micellar solution comprising a metal precursor, an interface modifier, a hydrotropic or lyotropic ion precursor, and a surfactant; and heating the micellar solution at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to control nano-sized wall crystallinity and mesoporosity in the mesoporous materials. Mesoporous materials and a method of tuning structural properties of mesoporous materials. 1556-. (canceled)557. A process for preparing a mesoporous material , said process comprising:providing a micellar solution comprising one or more metal precursors, one or more surfactants, one or more interface modifiers, one or more hydrotropic or lyotropic ion precursors, and optionally one or more organic and/or inorganic additives; wherein said micellar solution comprises a dispersion of micelles in which at least a portion of said one or more metal precursors are solubilized in the micelles; andheating the micellar solution at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to form the mesoporous material.558. The process of which is a sol-gel micelle based process.559. The process of in which micellization and inter-micellar interaction are controlled by said one or more metal precursors claim 557 , one or more surfactants claim 557 , ...

TRANSPARENT PHOTOCATALYST COATING AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Methods for making photocatalyst compositions and elements exhibiting desired photocatalytic activity levels and transparency. 1. A method of manufacturing a coated article comprising:forming a thin layer of a photocatalytic composition by sputtering at least one photocatalytic source and at least one non-photocatalytic source onto a target material in a sputtering gas atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic source comprises at least one tin source.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one tin source is selected from SnOand Sn metal.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic source comprises at least one tungsten source.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the at least one tungsten source is selected from WOand W metal.6. The method of any one of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-photocatalytic source comprises a metal.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the metal is copper.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thin layer comprises a substantially continuous first layer formed from the at least one photocatalytic source and a second layer formed from the at least one non-photocatalytic source claim 1 , wherein the at least one photocatalytic source comprises at least one tin source claim 1 , and the at least one non-photocatalytic source comprises at least one metal source claim 1 , and wherein the second layer is formed immediately on top of the first layer.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first layer has a thickness of about 20 nm to about 200 nm.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the ratio of the volume of the first layer to the volume of the second layer is about 1 to about 100.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the ratio of the volume of the first layer to the volume of the second layer is about 5 to about 10.12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the non-photocatalytic source comprises copper.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thin layer comprises a co-sputtered layer formed from the at least one ...

BASE METAL CATALYST FOR TREATMENT OF OZONE AND VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN AIR SUPPLY

Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst. 120-. (canceled)21. A catalyst composition comprising:a first base metal catalyst;a second base metal catalyst; anda support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst, the support material comprising one or more of ceria, alumina, titania, silica, zirconia, metal organic framework, clay, or zeolite.22. The catalyst composition of claim 21 , wherein the first base metal catalyst and the second base metal catalyst are each independently selected from Cu claim 21 , Fe claim 21 , Co claim 21 , Ni claim 21 , Cr claim 21 , Mn claim 21 , Nd claim 21 , Ba claim 21 , Ce claim 21 , La claim 21 , Pr claim 21 , Mg claim 21 , Ca claim 21 , Zn claim 21 , Nb claim 21 , Zr claim 21 , Mo claim 21 , Sn claim 21 , Ta claim 21 , and Sr claim 21 , with the proviso that the first base metal catalyst and the second base metal catalyst are different.23. The catalyst composition of claim 21 , wherein the first base metal catalyst comprises copper oxide claim 21 , and wherein the copper oxide is present from about 1% to about 30% by mass based on a total mass of the catalyst composition.24. The catalyst composition of claim 23 , wherein the second base metal catalyst comprises manganese oxide claim 23 , and wherein the manganese oxide is present from about 1% to about 30% by mass based on a total mass of the catalyst composition.25. The catalyst composition of claim 21 , wherein the support material is an ...

A PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NITRILES

In a process for the synthesis of a nitrile by endothermic catalyzed reaction of ammonia with a hydrocarbon using heating obtained by passing an alternating current through a metallic coil, the endothermic reaction between ammonia and the hydrocarbon takes place in a reactor with direct inductive heating in the reaction zone. The heating is extremely fast, which makes the reaction practically instantaneous. 1. A process for the synthesis of a nitrile by catalyzed reaction of ammonia with a hydrocarbon using heating obtained by passing an alternating current through a metallic coil , wherein the endothermic reaction between ammonia and the hydrocarbon takes place in a reactor with direct inductive heating in the reaction zone.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the coil is mounted within the synthesis reactor claim 1 , and the catalyst is placed inside the coil.3. Process according to claim 2 , wherein the coil is made of Kanthal-type (Fe—Cr—Al alloy) wire.4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the inductive heating is carried out using an induction heater which is a ferromagnetic metal structure provided with a suitable coating claim 1 , and wherein the heating is generated by magnetic hysteresis losses.5. Process according to claim 4 , wherein the induction heater consists of a ferromagnetic catalyst with a high electric coercivity.6. Process according to claim 5 , wherein the catalyst is diluted with a magnetic material.7. Process according to claim 4 , wherein the metal structure is a metal selected from Fe—Cr and Al—Ni—Co alloys.8. Process according to claim 7 , wherein the metal structure is coated with a porous oxide surface impregnated with a catalytic phase.9. Process according to claim 8 , wherein the catalytic phase contains a catalyst based on Co or Sn.10. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , propane claim 1 , iso-butane and olefins. The present invention relates to a process for the ...

ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE AND REFRIGERATOR

The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device comprising a substrate, an organic electroluminescent element, and a photocatalyst layer, wherein the organic electroluminescent element includes: a first conductive layer provided on the substrate; an organic electroluminescent layer provided on the first conductive layer; and a second conductive layer provided on the organic electroluminescent layer, wherein the photocatalyst layer covers all or part of a light-emitting region of the organic electroluminescent element, and contains a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst, and wherein an absolute value of the difference (|R1-R2|) between the refractive index (R1) of the photocatalyst and the refractive index (R2) of the co-catalyst at a wavelength of 589 nm is 0 to 0.35. 1. An organic electroluminescent device comprising:a substrate;an organic electroluminescent element; anda photocatalyst layer; a first conductive layer provided on the substrate,', 'an organic electroluminescent layer disposed on the first conductive layer, and', 'a second conductive layer disposed on the organic electroluminescent layer;, 'wherein the organic electroluminescent element includeswherein the photocatalyst layer covers at least part of a light-emitting region of the organic electroluminescent element and contains a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst; andwherein an absolute value of the difference (|R1-R2|) between the refractive index (R1) of the photocatalyst and the refractive index (R2) of the co-catalyst at a wavelength of 589 nm has a value in a range from 0 to 0.35.2. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst layer exhibits photocatalytic activity when exposed to visible light.3. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst contains tungsten oxide claim 1 , and the co-catalyst contains cerium oxide.4. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 3 , wherein the tungsten ...

Hydrogenation Catalysts with Cobalt-Modified Supports

The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid to ethanol. The catalyst comprises a precious metal and one or more active metals on a modified support that comprises cobalt.

PROCESS FOR THE THERMO-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS

A continuous process for the cracking of a polymeric material, includes the continuous introduction of the polymeric material in a stream or bath of molten catalyst. A plant for the cracking of a polymeric material is also related and includes a closed circuit/environment containing a molten catalyst, and an element adapted to keep the molten catalyst in continuous motion. 127-. (canceled)28. A continuous process for the cracking of a polymeric material , the process comprising the continuous introduction of said polymeric material in a stream or a bath of molten catalyst.29. The process according to claim 28 , further comprising the continuous cleaning of the molten catalyst claim 28 , eliminating from the molten catalyst solid products that result from cracking of said polymeric material claim 28 , and any non-polymeric contaminants that are present together with said polymeric material.30. The process according to claim 28 , wherein said catalyst is kept at a temperature of 300-550° C.31. The process according to claim 28 , wherein said catalyst melts at a temperature of 330° C. or less.32. The process according to claim 28 , wherein said catalyst is a metal or a mixture of metals.33. The process according to claim 28 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of lead claim 28 , tin claim 28 , zinc claim 28 , antimony claim 28 , cadmium and magnesium and mixtures thereof.34. The process according to claim 33 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of lead claim 33 , a lead-zinc mixture claim 33 , a lead-tin mixture claim 33 , a lead-zinc-tin mixture claim 33 , a zinc-antimony mixture claim 33 , a lead-copper mixture claim 33 , a lead-antimony mixture claim 33 , a lead-cadmium mixture claim 33 , and a lead-magnesium mixture.35. The process according to claim 34 , wherein said catalyst is lead.36. The process according to claim 34 , wherein said catalyst is a mixture of metals selected from the group consisting of:a lead-tin ...

Dehydrogenation of olefin-rich hydrocarbon mixtures

The object of the invention is to specify a process for dehydrogenating alkanes in which such feedstock mixtures may be used having a high proportion of olefins, i.e. approximately 1% by weight to 10% by weight. Specifically, alkenes having two to five carbon atoms should be generated from alkanes having the same chain length and therefore the number of carbon atoms should not be changed by the dehydrogenation. The process is intended to be feasible on an industrial scale. A basic concept of the invention consists of hydrogenating alkenes present in the feedstock mixture to the corresponding alkanes before they come into contact with the dehydrogenation catalyst. An undesired coke deposit is thus avoided. The hydrogenation is effected by minimal addition of hydrogen (80% to 120% of the stoichiometrically required amount). The hydrogenation is effected either over a hydrogenation catalyst specifically provided therefor, which differs from the dehydrogenation catalyst, or over the dehydrogenation catalyst itself.

N2O REMOVAL FROM AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST FOR LEAN/RICH SYSTEMS

A nitrous oxide (NO) removal catalyst composition for treating an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine is provided, containing a platinum group metal (PGM) component on a metal oxide-based support, wherein the NO removal catalyst composition is in a substantially reduced form, such that it has an oxygen deficiency of about 0.05 mmol oxygen atoms/g or greater, and wherein the NO removal catalyst composition provides effective removal of at least a portion of NO from the exhaust stream under lean conditions at a temperature of about 350° C. or lower. NO removal catalytic articles, systems, and methods are also provided for removing at least a portion of NO from an exhaust stream under lean, low temperature conditions. 1. A nitrous oxide (NO) removal catalyst composition for treating an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine , the composition comprising:a platinum group metal component supported on a metal oxide-based support;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the NO removal catalyst composition is in a substantially reduced form such that it has an oxygen deficiency of about 0.05 mmol oxygen atoms/g or greater, and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the NO removal catalyst composition provides effective NO removal under lean conditions at a temperature of about 350° C. or lower.'}2. The NO removal catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the effective NO removal is at a temperature that is from about 350° C. to about 150° C.3. The NO removal catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide-based support is a reducible metal oxide comprising ceria (CeO) or ceria in combination with one or more of zirconia claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , titania claim 1 , lanthana claim 1 , baria claim 1 , praseodymia claim 1 , yttria claim 1 , samaria claim 1 , and gadolinia.4. The NO removal catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide-based support comprises CeOin an amount of from about 56% to 100% by weight of the support on an oxide basis.5. The ...

HIGH SURFACE AREA PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

Photocatalytic materials are described herein which include thin nanostructures. For example, the catalytic material can include a nanostructure that has a thin structure of a photocatalytic composition, wherein the thin structure is defined by a first surface and a second surface on opposite sides of the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition. The photocatalytic composition may include an inorganic compound, such as a titanium and/or stannous oxide. The first surface and a second surface may be relatively large as compared to the thickness of the thin structure, or the thickness of the nanostructure.

CERIUM-AND ZIRCONIUM-BASED MIXED OXIDE

The invention relates to a mixed oxide composed of zirconium, cerium, lanthanum and at least one rare earth oxide other than cerium and lanthanum, having a specific porosity and a high specific surface area; to the method for preparing same and to the use thereof in catalysis. 1. A mixed oxide of zirconium , of cerium , of lanthanum and optionally of at least one rare earth metal other than cerium and lanthanum (REM) , the proportions by weight of these elements , expressed as oxide equivalent , with respect to the total weight of the mixed oxide being as follows:between 8% and 45% of cerium;between 1% and 10% of lanthanum;between 0% and 15% of the rare earth metal other than cerium and lanthanum;the remainder as zirconium, [{'sup': '2', 'after calcination at a temperature of 1100° C. for 4 hours, a BET specific surface of at least 30 m/g;'}, {'sup': '2', 'after calcination at a temperature of 1000° C. for 4 hours, a BET specific surface of at least 55 m/g;'}], 'characterized in that the mixed oxide exhibits{'sub': 'p,1100° C./4 h', 'and characterized in that the derivative curve (dV/dlog D) obtained by mercury porosimetry on the mixed oxide after calcination at a temperature of 1100° C. for 4 hours exhibits, in the range of the pores with a diameter of less than or equal to 200 nm, a peak for which the maximum corresponds to a pore diameter, denoted D, of between 24 and 34 nm, V and D respectively denoting the pore volume and the pore diameter.'}2. The mixed oxide as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it also comprises hafnium.3. The mixed oxide as claimed in claim 2 , characterized in that the proportion by weight of hafnium in the mixed oxide is less than or equal to 2.5% claim 2 , expressed as oxide equivalent with respect to the total weight of the mixed oxide.4. The mixed oxide as claimed in claim 2 , characterized in that the elements Ce claim 2 , La claim 2 , REM claim 2 , Zr and Hf are present in the form of oxides claim 2 , of hydroxides or of ...

ANTI-CONTAMINATION CONTACT LENS PACKAGE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

An anti-contamination contact lens package includes a substrate and a photocatalyst film layer formed on the substrate. A method for manufacturing the anti-contamination contact lens package is also disclosed. 1. An anti-contamination contact lens package , comprising:a substrate; anda photocatalyst film layer being formed on the substrate.2. The anti-contamination contact lens package of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes an inner surface claim 1 , an outer surface claim 1 , and a top surface claim 1 , the top surface connects the inner surface and the outer surface claim 1 , the inner surface is lower than the top surface; wherein the photocatalyst film layer is formed on the inner surface claim 1 , the outer surface claim 1 , and the top surface.3. The anti-contamination contact lens package of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a material selected from a group consisting of polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polycarbonate claim 1 , polystyrene claim 1 , and a combination thereof.4. The anti-contamination contact lens package of claim 1 , wherein material of the photocatalyst film layer can be selected from a group consisting of titanium dioxide claim 1 , zinc oxide claim 1 , cadmium sulfide claim 1 , tungsten trioxide claim 1 , iron trioxide claim 1 , lead sulphide claim 1 , stannic dioxide claim 1 , zinc sulfide claim 1 , strontium titanate claim 1 , silicon dioxide claim 1 , and a combination thereof.5. The anti-contamination contact lens package of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the photocatalyst film layer is in a range from 0.003 micrometers to 86 micrometers.6. A method for manufacturing an anti-contamination contact lens package claim 1 , comprising:providing a substrate; andforming a photocatalyst film layer on the substrate.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the substrate is made by injection molding.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the substrate includes an inner surface claim 6 , an outer surface claim 6 , and a top surface claim ...

LOW THERMAL EXPANSION ALUMINUM TITANATE - ZIRCONIUM TIN TITANATE CERAMICS

Disclosed herein is a ceramic body comprising at least one phase comprising a pseudobrookite-type crystal structure and at least one phase comprising zirconium tin titanate. Also disclosed are porous ceramic honeycomb structures comprising a ceramic body comprising at least one phase comprising a pseudobrookite-type crystal structure and at least one phase comprising zirconium tin titanate and methods of preparing a ceramic body comprising at least one phase comprising a pseudobrookite-type crystal structure and at least one phase comprising zirconium tin titanate. 1. A method for preparing a ceramic body , said method comprising the steps or:providing a batch composition comprising at least one zirconium source, at least one tin source, at least one titanium source, at least one aluminum source, and at least one magnesium source; andfiring the batch composition under conditions suitable to form a ceramic body comprising at least one phase comprising a pseudobrookite-type crystal structure and at least one phase comprising zirconium tin titanate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnesium source comprises MgAlO.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the batch composition further comprises at least one pore forming agent.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one pore forming agent comprises at least one of graphite claim 3 , starch claim 3 , nut shells claim 3 , and synthetic organic particles.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the starch comprises at least one of sago palm starch claim 4 , green mung bean starch claim 4 , canna starch claim 4 , corn starch claim 4 , rice starch claim 4 , pea starch claim 4 , and potato starch.6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one pore forming agent comprises a median particle diameter in a range of 1 to 60 microns.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the batch is fired at a temperature of at least about 1400° C.8. The method according to ...

Nanowire-based Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Fuels

The present development is a metal particle coated nanowire catalyst for use in the hydrodesulfurization of fuels and a process for the production of the catalyst. The catalyst comprises titanium(IV) oxide nanowires wherein the nanowires are produced by exposure of a TiO 2 —KOH paste to microwave radiation. Metal particles selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, or a combination thereof, are impregnated on the metal oxide nanowire surface. The metal impregnated nanowires are sulfided to produce catalytically-active metal particles on the surface of the nanowires The catalysts of the present invention are intended for use in the removal of thiophenic sulfur from liquid fuels through a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process in a fixed bed reactor. The presence of nanowires improves the HDS activity and reduces the sintering effect, therefore, the sulfur removal efficiency increases.

Electrochemical electrode comprising tin-based catalyst, method of making, and method of use

An electrochemical electrode comprising a tin-based catalyst, method of making, and method of use are provided. Catalyst particles are prepared which comprise tin deposits of about 0.1 nm to 10 nm deposited onto carbon support. Preparing an ink comprising the catalyst particles and a binder enable an electrode to be prepared comprising the catalyst particles bound to an electrode substrate. The electrode may then be used in an apparatus and process to reduce carbon dioxide to products such as formate and formic acid at Faradaic Efficiencies up to 95 percent.

Composite Metal Organic Framework Materials, Processes for Their Manufacture and Uses Thereof

A monolithic metal-organic framework (MOF) composite body is disclosed, comprising: MOF crystallites adhered to each other via a binder comprising MOF; and at least 0.15 vol % nanoparticles encapsulated in the MOF body. The nanoparticles have an average particle size corresponding to an average particle diameter in the range 3-200 nm. The nanoparticles may have photocatalytic activity. The MOF composite body is of use for treating water containing an organic dye, the photocatalytic reaction supported by the photocatalytic nanoparticles being a degradation reaction of the organic dye. 1. A monolithic metal-organic framework (MOF) composite body selected from the group consisting of: MOF crystallites adhered to each other via a binder comprising MOF;', 'at least 0.15 vol % nanoparticles encapsulated in the MOF body, the nanoparticles having an average particle size corresponding to an average particle diameter in the range 3-200 nm; and, '(i) a MOF composite body comprising MOF crystallites;', 'a binder formed of MOF which binds the MOF crystallites together in the body;', 'at least 0.15 vol % nanoparticles encapsulated in the MOF body, the nanoparticles having an average particle size corresponding to an average particle diameter in the range 3-200 nm;', 'optionally, residual solvent; and', 'optionally, one or more additives, wherein the additives are present in an amount of not more than 10% by mass of the composite body., '(ii) a MOF composite body consisting of2. (canceled)3. The monolithic MOF composite body according to wherein the nanoparticles are photocatalytic nanoparticles.4. The monolithic MOF composite body according to wherein the relative photonic efficiency ξof the nanoparticles is greater than 1.5. The monolithic MOF composite body according to wherein the nanoparticles are present in the composite in an amount of at most 1 vol % claim 1 , based on the volume of the composite.6. The monolithic MOF composite body according to wherein the nanoparticles ...

Nanowire-based Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Fuels

The present development is a metal particle coated nanowire catalyst for use in the hydrodesulfurization of fuels and a process for the production of the catalyst. The catalyst comprises titanium(IV) oxide nanowires wherein the nanowires are produced by exposure of a TiO2—KOH paste to microwave radiation. Metal particles selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, or a combination thereof, are impregnated on the metal oxide nanowire surface. The metal impregnated nanowires are sulfided to produce catalytically-active metal particles on the surface of the nanowires The catalysts of the present invention are intended for use in the removal of thiophenic sulfur from liquid fuels through a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process in a fixed bed reactor. The presence of nanowires improves the HDS activity and reduces the sintering effect, therefore, the sulfur removal efficiency increases.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING GRAPHENE SUPPORTED PHOTOCATALYTIC NANOMATERIALS FOR AIR PURIFICATION

The embodiments herein provide a system and a method for synthesizing graphene-supported photocatalytic nanomaterials for air purification. The method includes synthesizing a ceramic substrate from a ceramic material in particulate form; depositing carbon material on the synthesized ceramic substrate; depositing one photocatalytic nanomaterial on the carbonaceous material coated ceramic substrate; transforming the phase of the ceramic substrate coated with carbonaceous photocatalytic nanomaterial in inert atmospheric condition from one phase to another phase; and activating the transformed ceramic substrate coated with carbonaceous photocatalytic nanomaterial, when exposed to photo energy source. 1. A method of synthesizing graphene supported photocatalytic nanomaterials used in air purification , the method comprises steps of:synthesizing a ceramic substrate from a ceramic material in particulate form, and wherein the ceramic material is selected from a group consisting of silica, alumina, zirconia, and metal oxide;depositing carbonaceous material on the synthesized ceramic substrate to synthesize ceramic substrate coated with carbonaceous material, and wherein the carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of sugar, asphalt, and tar;depositing at least one photocatalytic nanomaterial on the ceramic substrate coated with carbonaceous material, and wherein the at least one photocatalytic nanomaterial is selected from a group consisting of metal oxides of Titanium (Tn), Tin (Sn), and Zinc (Zn);transforming a phase of the ceramic substrate coated with carbonaceous photocatalytic nanomaterial in inert atmospheric condition from one phase to another phase; andactivating, the transformed ceramic substrate coated with carbonaceous photocatalytic nanomaterial, when exposed to a photo energy source.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of synthesizing the ceramic substrate comprises:segregating the ceramic material based on size;washing the segregated ...

Compositions, Methods, and Apparatuses for Catalytic Combustion

There is provided a catalyst composition including a hydrogen oxidation catalyst and an oxygen reduction catalyst and a process for applying the catalyst composition to a substrate. Heat exchange reactors including the catalyst composition and methods for heating a heat exchange medium are also provided. Catalytic combustors including a catalytic surface including the catalyst composition are further provided. The catalyst is adapted for low temperature activation of a hydrogen combustion reaction. 1. A catalyst composition comprising:a hydrogen oxidation catalyst (HOC); andan oxygen reduction catalyst (ORC);wherein the catalyst is adapted for low temperature activation of a hydrogen combustion reaction; andwherein the ratio of the surface area of the HOC to surface area of the ORC is between about 9:1 and about 4:1.2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the surface area of the HOC to the surface area of the ORC is about 20:3.3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the HOC and the ORC are formed by electrodeposition.4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is adapted to activate hydrogen combustion at a temperature of below about 140° C.5. The catalyst composition of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst is adapted to activate hydrogen combustion at a temperature of below 20° C.6. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the HOC is a noble metal.7. The catalyst composition of claim 6 , wherein the HOC is platinum or palladium.8. The catalyst composition of claim 7 , wherein the HOC is palladium.9. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the ORC is iron claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , silver claim 1 , copper claim 1 , tin claim 1 , oxides thereof claim 1 , or combinations thereof.10. The catalyst composition of claim 9 , wherein the ORC is stannous oxide.11. A process for applying a catalyst composition comprising:providing a substrate;applying a catalyst composition to the substrate to form a catalytic surface, ...

HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYOXOMETALATE CATALYST AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a high-performance polyoxometalate catalyst and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, the present invention provides a high-performance polyoxometalate catalyst, the activity and selectivity of which may be improved by controlling the content of vanadium and the like and which has superior reproducibility and may unsaturated carboxylic acid from unsaturated aldehyde in a high yield for a long time, a method of preparing the same, and the like. 1. A polyoxometalate catalyst , comprising a metal oxide represented by Formula 1 below:{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g, 'MOAVBCDO,\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}wherein A is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of W and Cr; B is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of P, As, B, Sb, Ce, Pb, Mn, Nb and Te; C is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Zr, Rh, Cu, Ni, Ti, Ag, Fe, Co and Sn; D is one or more selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, Rb, Cs, Ta, Ca, Mg, Sr and Ba; and a, b, c, d, e, f, and g represent atomic ratios of the respective elements,wherein, when a=12, b is 0.01 to 15; c is 0.01 to 15, d is 0 to 20, e is 0 to 20, f is 0 to 20; and g is determined depending upon oxidation states of the respective ingredients, andwherein a mole ratio of V to A (V/A) is 0.01 to 10.2. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein each of d claim 1 , e and f is 0.01 to 20.3. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the vanadium (V) comprises 30% or more of vanadium having an oxidation number of 4+.4. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the polyoxometalate catalyst comprises an inert carrier claim 1 , as a supporter of the metal oxide.5. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein a loading amount of a metal oxide coated on the inert carrier is 30 to 80% by weight.6. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles, dispersion liquid thereof, method for producing dispersion liquid, photocatalyst thin film, and member having photocatalyst thin film on surface

Provided are the following: a mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles which can conveniently produce a photocatalyst thin film that exhibits photocatalyst activity even with only visible light (400-800 nm) and that exhibits high transparency; a dispersion liquid of the fine particles; a method for producing the dispersion liquid; a photocatalyst thin film; and a member having the photocatalyst thin film on a surface thereof. The mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles is characterized by containing two kinds of titanium dioxide fine particles: first titanium oxide fine particles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component (excluding an iron group element component) that increases visible light response properties form a solid solution, and second titanium oxide fine particles, in which an iron group element component and a chromium group element component form a solid solution.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LACTIDE DIRECTLY FROM LACTIC ACID AND A CATALYST USED THEREIN

The present invention provides a method for directly producing lactide by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin compound, preferably, a tin (IV) compound, wherein lactide can be produced directly or by one step from lactic acid, without going through the step of producing or separating lactic acid oligomer. The method of the present invention has advantages of causing no loss of lactic acid, having a high conversion ratio to lactic acid and a high selectivity to optically pure lactide, and maintaining a long life time of the catalyst. Further, since lactic acid oligomer is not or hardly generated and the selectivity of meso-lactide is low, the method also has an advantage that the cost for removing or purifying this can be saved. 1. A method for producing lactide directly from lactic acid by reacting the lactic acid in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin compound.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprising tin compound is a catalyst comprising tin (IV) compound.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said catalyst comprising tin (IV) compound is a catalyst comprising tin (IV) oxide (SnO) or its mixed oxide.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprising tin compound further comprises an oxide of metal selected from a group consisting of Si claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe and Mo claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said metal oxide is contained in an amount that the mol ratio of the tin compound to said oxide of metal is selected from 1:50˜7:1.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said tin compound is contained in a form carried on or mixed with said oxide of metal.7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said oxide of metal is a mesoporous silicon oxide selected from a group consisting of SBA-15 claim 4 , MCM-41 claim 4 , Si-BEA ...

Self-Cleaning Window Blinds with Photocatalytic Material

We disclose a self-cleaning window blind which includes a thin layer of photocatalytic material on at least one surface of the slats. The window blind includes an ultraviolet light source which directs ultraviolet light onto the photocatalytic material. Consequently, the window blind is not dependent on available sunlight. The ultraviolet light source may be located in either the headrail or the bottom rail of the window blinds. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, organic material on the slats which may include dust, grease, or microorganisms, may be converted to carbon dioxide and water. One or both of the horizontal edges of the slats may include a lip which may collect water formed by the photocatalytic reaction. In some embodiments, the slats are slightly convex. This shape may inhibit water from collecting in droplets on the slat and help direct the water towards the lip. Consequently, water spots are not created on the slats.

PEROVSKITE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed herein are perovskite materials and methods of making an use thereof. 1. A perovskite material comprising:{'br': None, 'sub': 1-x', 'x', '1-x', 'y', '3, '[ASn][BB′]O'}where:A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ag, Cd, Tl, Pb, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or a combination thereof;B and B′, if present, are independently selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Bi, or a combination thereof;x is from greater than 0 to 1; andy is from 0 to 1;with the proviso that A and B are different, A and B′ are different, and B and B′ are different.2. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material comprises [BaSn][ZrTi]O.3. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material comprises [BaSn][ZrTi]O claim 1 , where x is from 0.1 to 1 and y is 0 claim 1 , 0.25 claim 1 , 0.5 claim 1 , 0.75 claim 1 , or 1.4. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material comprises BaSnZrTiO claim 1 , BaSnZrTiO claim 1 , BaSnZrTiO claim 1 , BaSnZrTiO claim 1 , BaSnZrTiO claim 1 , Ba08Sn02ZrBaSnZrO claim 1 , BaSnTiO claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material comprises [PbSn][ZrTi]O.6. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material is metastable.7. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material substantially excludes lead claim 1 , such that the perovskite material comprises a lead-free perovskite material.8. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material is ferroelectric.9. The perovskite material of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material comprises a semiconductor with a bandgap that overlaps with at least a portion of the solar spectrum.10. The perovskite material of claim 1 , ...

Nanowire-based Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Fuels

The present development is a metal particle coated nanowire catalyst for use in the hydrodesulfurization of fuels and a process for the production of the catalyst. The catalyst comprises titanium(IV) oxide nanowires wherein the nanowires are produced by exposure of a TiO—KOH paste to microwave radiation. Metal particles selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, or a combination thereof, are impregnated on the metal oxide nanowire surface. The metal impregnated nanowires are sulfided to produce catalytically-active metal particles on the surface of the nanowires The catalysts of the present invention are intended for use in the removal of thiophenic sulfur from liquid fuels through a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process in a fixed bed reactor. The presence of nanowires improves the HDS activity and reduces the sintering effect, therefore, the sulfur removal efficiency increases. 1. A catalyst comprising metal oxide nanowires with metal particles adhered to the surface of the nanowires to form a metal decorated nanowire catalyst wherein the metal oxide nanowires comprise titanium(IV) oxide powder or anatase phase titanium dioxide powder , and wherein the metal particles decorating the metal oxide nanowires are selected from the group consisting of molybdenum oxide , nickel oxide , cobalt oxide , tungsten oxide , an alloy of molybdenum oxide and nickel oxide , an alloy of molybdenum oxide and cobalt oxide , an alloy of molybdenum oxide and tungsten oxide , an alloy of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide , an alloy of nickel oxide and tungsten oxide , an alloy of cobalt oxide and tungsten oxide , and a combination thereof.2. The catalyst of wherein the decorated metal oxide nanowire catalyst has a metal loading from 3 wt % to 20 wt %.3. The catalyst of wherein the metal oxide powder comprises a binder at a concentration of from 0 wt % to 25 wt % of the nanowire claim 1 , and wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of alumina ...

Method of Making a Nanotube Array Structure

A method of making a nanotube array structure includes forming a nanorod array template on a substrate, coating a nanotube material over the nanorod array template, forming a coated template, annealing the coated template, and drying the coated template. The method then includes heating the coated template to an elevated temperature, relative to ambient temperature, at a heating rate while flowing a gas mixture including a reducing gas over the substrate at a flow rate, the reducing gas reacting with the nanorod array template and forming a gaseous byproduct and the nanotube array structure in which nanotubes may be substantially aligned with adjacent nanotubes. The nanotube array structure can be used, for example, in sensor, catalyst, transistor, or solar cell applications. 1. A method of making a nanotube array structure comprising:forming a nanorod array template on a substrate;coating a nanotube material over the nanorod array template, forming a coated template;annealing the coated template;drying the coated template; andheating the coated template to an elevated temperature, relative to ambient temperature, at a heating rate while flowing a gas mixture including a reducing gas over the substrate at a flow rate, the reducing gas reacting with the nanorod array template and forming a gaseous byproduct and the nanotube array structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the coated template further includes maintaining the coated template at the elevated temperature for a heating time.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the heating time is less than about 5 hours.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanorod array template is a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod array template.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanotube material is ceria (CeO).6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanotube material is LaSrCoO(LSCO) (0.01≦x≦0.5).7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elevated temperature is in a range of between about 400° C. and about 1 claim 1 ,200° C.8. The ...

Enclosed-channel reactor method to manufacture catalysts or support materials

The present invention provides methods and designs of enclosed-channel reactor system for manufacturing catalysts or supports. Both of the configuration designs force the gaseous precursors and purge gas flow through the channel surface of reactor. The precursors will transform to thin film or particle catalysts or supports under adequate reaction temperature, working pressure and gas concentration. The reactor body is either sealed or enclosed for isolation from atmosphere. Another method using super ALD cycles is also proposed to grow alloy catalysts or supports with controllable concentration. The catalysts prepared by the method and system in the present invention are noble metals, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium, or transition metals such as iron, silver, cobalt, nickel and tin, while supports are silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide or magnesium oxide, or refractory metals, which can be chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum.

Metal hydroxide based ionic liquid composition

The present disclosure envisages an ionic liquid composition comprising at least one metal hydroxide; at least one metal halide; and at least one solvent. Also envisaged is a process for preparing an ionic liquid composition. The process comprises mixing in a reaction vessel, at least one metal hydroxide and at least one metal halide in the presence of at least one solvent under a nitrogen atmosphere and continuous stirring followed by cooling under continuous stirring to obtain the ionic liquid composition.

PHOTOCATALYTIC STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME

The disclosure relates to a photocatalytic structure. The photocatalytic structure includes a carbon nanotube structure, a photocatalytic active layer coated on the carbon nanotube structure, and a metal layer including a plurality of nanoparticles located on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer. The carbon nanotube structure comprises a plurality of intersected carbon nanotubes and defines a plurality of openings, and the photocatalytic active layer is coated on the surface of the plurality of carbon nanotubes. The metal layer includes a plurality of nanoparticles located on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer. 1. A photocatalytic structure comprising:a carbon nanotube structure;a photocatalytic active layer coated on the carbon nanotube structure; anda metal layer comprising a plurality of nanoparticles on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer;wherein the carbon nanotube structure comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes intersected with each other and defines a plurality of openings, and the photocatalytic active layer is coated on the surface of the plurality of carbon nanotubes.2. The photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube structure comprises a first carbon nanotube film and a second nanotube film stacked and intersected with each other.3. The photocatalytic structure of claim 2 , wherein the first carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of first carbon nanotubes aligned along a first direction claim 2 , the second carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of second carbon nanotubes aligned along a second direction claim 2 , an angle is defined between the first direction and the second direction.4. The photocatalytic structure of claim 3 , wherein the angle between the first direction and the second direction is larger than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.5. The photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube structure comprises a plurality of carbon nanotube films ...

OXYGEN EVOLUTION ELECTRODE AND DEVICE

An oxygen evolution device comprises an oxygen evolution electrode and an counter electrode. The oxygen evolution electrode includes: a photocatalyst layer that is formed of a perovskite-type oxide containing at least cobalt (Co), lanthanum (La), and oxygen (O) and that is located at an uppermost layer; a support body that includes at least a layer inside which a depletion layer is formed, and that supports the photocatalyst layer; and a perovskite-type tin compound buffer layer that is degenerately doped n-type and that is disposed between the photocatalyst layer and the support body. 1. An oxygen evolution electrode comprising:a photocatalyst layer that is formed of a perovskite-type oxide containing at least cobalt (Co), lanthanum (La), and oxygen (O) and that is located at an uppermost layer;a support body that includes at least a layer in which a depletion layer is formed, and that supports the photocatalyst layer, anda perovskite-type tin compound buffer layer that is degenerately doped n-type and that is disposed between the photocatalyst layer and the support body.2. The oxygen evolution electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe photocatalyst layer is successively laminated on the buffer layer, andthe photocatalyst layer has a thickness of 0.5 nm to 20 nm.3. The oxygen evolution electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe photocatalyst layer is successively laminated on the buffer layer, andthe photocatalyst layer has irregularities or an island structure on a surface of the photocatalyst layer.4. The oxygen evolution electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe buffer layer has a thickness of 2 to 100 nm.5. The oxygen evolution electrode according to claim 1 , further comprising:a second buffer layer disposed between the buffer layer and the photocatalyst layer, whereinthe surface of the photocatalyst layer is a flat surface.6. The oxygen evolution electrode according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 3', '3, 'the photocatalyst layer is made of LaCoOor is made ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL APPARATUS HAVING TIN-BASED CATHODIC CATALYST

An electrochemical electrode comprising a tin-based catalyst, method of making, and method of use are provided. Catalyst particles are prepared which comprise tin deposits of about 0.1 nm to about 10 nm deposited onto carbon support. Preparing an ink comprising the catalyst particles and a binder enable an electrode to be prepared comprising the catalyst particles bound to an electrode substrate. The electrode may then be used in an apparatus and process to reduce carbon dioxide to products such as formate and formic acid at Faradaic Efficiencies up to 95 percent. 1. An apparatus for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate , comprising:an anolyte compartment, the anolyte compartment at least partially defined by an anode and a membrane; a porous substrate; and', (a) mixing a catalyst powder, the catalyst powder comprising tin-carbon particles, the tin-carbon particles comprising 0.1 nm to 10 nm tin deposits on carbon support, an alcohol-based solvent, and a polymeric binder, to form a catalyst ink;', '(b) applying the ink to the substrate; and', '(c) drying the ink to the substrate; and, 'a catalytic coating at least partially covering the substrate, the catalytic coating applied to the substrate using a process comprising], 'a catholyte compartment, the catholyte compartment at least partially defined by the membrane and a cathode, the cathode comprisinga gas compartment, the gas compartment in fluid communication with the cathode.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is carbon fiber paper.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst loading is between 0.1 mg/cmand 10 mg/cm claim 2 , and the binder content is between 0.1 to 5 weight percent of the catalyst loading.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ink is sprayed onto the porous substrate.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein Step (b) and Step (c) are repeated until a desired coating weight is achieved.6. A process claim 4 , comprising:(a) feeding an appropriate anolyte ...

Pigment with Photocatalytic Activity, Method for the Production Thereof and Coating Agent

The invention relates to pigments with a non-metallic substrate, wherein the pigments have at least one barrier layer that selectively absorbs light and/or electrons and at least one photocatalytically active layer, wherein the at least one barrier layer is arranged between the non-metallic substrate and the at least one photocatalytically active layer. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing the pigments and to a coating agent. 1. A pigment comprising a non-metallic substrate ,wherein the pigment has at least one barrier layer that selectively absorbs light and/or electrons andat least one photocatalytically active layer comprising titanium oxide, titanium hydroxide and/or titanium oxide hydrate,wherein the average layer thickness of the photocatalytically active layer is ≦40 nm,wherein the at least one barrier layer is arranged between the non-metallic substrate and the at least one photocatalytically active layer,wherein the barrier layer comprises metal oxide, metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide hydrate,wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of cerium, zinc and mixtures thereof.2. The pigment according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one photocatalytically active layer is the outermost inorganic layer.3. The pigment according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytically active layer is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide claim 1 , titanium hydroxide claim 1 , titanium oxide hydrate and mixtures thereof.4. The pigment according to claim 3 , wherein the titanium oxide claim 3 , titanium hydroxide and/or titanium oxide hydrate layer is doped with carbon claim 3 , nitrogen claim 3 , cerium claim 3 , aluminum claim 3 , tin claim 3 , iron and/or zinc.5. The pigment according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytically active layer has a proportion by weight of from 2 to less than 30 wt.-% claim 1 , relative to the total weight of the pigment.6. The pigment according to claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer has a ...

Carbon doped tin disulphide and methods for synthesizing the same

Disclosed herein are carbon doped tin disulphide (C—SnS 2 ) and other SnS 2 composites as visible light photocatalyst for CO 2 reduction to solar fuels. The in situ carbon doped SnS 2 photocatalyst provide higher efficiency than the undoped pure SnS 2 . Also disclosed herein are methods for preparing the catalysts.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OF METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES THEREBY

The present invention relates to a method for preparing metal oxide nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles prepared thereby, and more particularly, to an method for preparing metal oxide nanoparticles, the method including: dipping a cathode and an anode formed of a metal for forming oxide, in an inorganic electrolyte solution containing halogen salt (step 1); and applying voltage to the anode and the cathode to form, on the anode, metal oxide forming an anode surface (step 2). According to a method for preparing metal oxide nanoparticles of the present invention, disadvantages of typical nanoparticle synthesizing methods may be solved to cheaply and rapidly manufacture nanoparticles having various structures through a simple and single process without using a surfactant. Since an anodizing method requires only a power supply device having a low voltage of 30 V or less and an electrolyte, and is performed at room temperature, the anodizing method does not require an additional device or installation. Also, from just after the power supply device is turned on, metal oxide nanoparticles may be rapidly formed, nanoparticles having excellent crystallinity may be produced, and factors of the anodizing method, such as voltage, temperature, an electrolyte, and an electrolyte concentration may be changed to simply adjust a shape of the nanoparticles. Therefore, the present technology is expected to improve economical efficiency of the metal oxide nanoparticles to also contribute to the mass production of the metal oxide nanoparticles. 1. A method for preparing metal oxide nanoparticles , the method comprising:dipping a cathode and an anode formed of a metal for forming oxide, in an inorganic electrolyte solution containing a halogen salt (step 1); andapplying voltage to the anode and the cathode to form, on the anode, a metal oxide forming an anode surface (step 2).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a surfactant is not used.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal ...

Dehydrogenation Catalysts and Methods of Making and Using the Same

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing dehydrogenation catalysts using non-halogen containing metal sources. The methods generally comprise the steps of providing a first solution comprising anions of a first metal selected from Group 14 of the Periodic Table of Elements, and impregnating an inorganic support with the first solution to obtain a first impregnated inorganic support, wherein the first solution has a pH value of less than the isoelectric point of the inorganic support. The dehydrogenation catalysts prepared in accordance with the methods of the present disclosure are typically free or substantially free of halogen species. Such catalysts may be particularly useful in the dehydrogenation of a feed comprising cyclohexane and/or methylcyclopentane. 1. A method of preparing a dehydrogenation catalyst , the method comprising the steps of:a) providing a first solution comprising anions of a first metal, wherein the first metal is selected from Group 14 of the Periodic Table of Elements; andb) impregnating an inorganic support with the first solution to obtain a first impregnated inorganic support,wherein the first solution has a pH value of less than the isoelectric point of the inorganic support.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solution has a pH value in the range from about 1.0 to about 3.5.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first metal comprises tin.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises stannate ions.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solution is free or substantially free of halogen species.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:a1) adjusting the pH value of the first solution via addition of a carboxylic acid.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid claim 6 , acetic acid claim 6 , oxalic acid claim 6 , gluconic acid claim 6 , glyoxylic acid claim 6 , glycolic acid claim 6 , lactic acid claim 6 , valeric acid claim 6 ...

CATALYSTS FOR SOFT OXIDATION COUPLING OF METHANE TO ETHYLENE AND ETHANE

Disclosed is a catalyst and methods for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using elemental sulfur as a soft oxidant. The process can provide ethylene from methane with high conversion and selectivity. 1. A method of producing an olefin from methane and elemental sulfur , the method comprising:(a) obtaining a reaction mixture comprising methane and elemental sulfur gas; and(b) contacting the reaction mixture with a catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a product stream comprising an olefin, wherein the catalyst is a metal, a mixed metal oxide, mixed metal sulfide, a metal oxysulfide, mixed metal oxysulfide, or any mixture thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefin comprises C+ hydrocarbons claim 1 , preferably ethylene.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product stream further comprises hydrogen sulfide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture comprises a methane to elemental sulfur molar ratio of 1:2 to 20:1.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions sufficient to produce a product stream in step (b) comprise a reaction temperature of at least 450° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions sufficient to produce a product stream comprise a reaction pressure of 0.05 to 10.0 MPa or 0.1 to 10.0 MPa claim 1 , a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 500 to 100 claim 1 ,000 or both.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal claim 1 , the mixed metal oxide claim 1 , the mixed metal sulfide claim 1 , the metal oxysulfide claim 1 , mixed metal oxysulfide claim 1 , or the metal sulfide comprises:an alkaline earth metal, preferably magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), or any combination thereof;a transition metal, preferably yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), rhenium (Rh), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or any combination thereof;a post-transition metal, preferably aluminum (Al), ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-FURALDEHYDE

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing the corrosion of a reactor and reducing waste in the production of 2-furaldehyde from a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component, and another object of the invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing 2-furaldehyde, which suppresses a decrease in the activity of a catalyst in a case of using an acid catalyst and provides a higher yield. The present invention relates to a method for producing 2-furaldehyde comprising heating a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a solid acid catalyst. 1: A method for producing 2-furaldehyde , comprising heating , in a reaction system , a sugar raw material comprising a hexose as a constituent component in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a solid acid catalyst ,wherein the solid acid catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, zirconium sulfate, zinc sulfate, nickel sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, chromium sulfate, cobalt sulfate, a rare earth sulfate, and alum; andthe aprotic polar solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone and phthalide.2: The method according to claim 1 , further comprising separating the produced 2-furaldehyde from the solvent or byproducts and the solid acid catalyst remaining in the reaction system claim 1 , while distilling away the produced 2-furaldehyde to the outside of the reaction system.3: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is a metal sulfate which is not uniformly dissolved in the aprotic polar solvent.4: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is in a state of a solution in which the catalyst is uniformly dissolved or in a uniform liquid claim 1 , and the catalyst is in a solid state in the reaction system ...

TRANSITION-METAL-SUPPORTED INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND, SUPPORTED METALLIC CATALYST, AND AMMONIA PRODUCING METHOD

An electride, which is more stable and can be more easily obtained, is provided or is made available, and as a result, a catalyst particularly useful for chemical synthesis, in which the electride is particularly used, is provided. 1. A transition metal-supported intermetallic compound having a transition metal supported on an intermetallic compound represented by the following formula (1):{'br': None, 'sub': 5', '3, 'AX\u2003\u2003(1),'}wherein:A represents a rare earth element; andX represents Si or Ge.2. The transition metal-supported intermetallic compound according to claim 1 , wherein the work function of the intermetallic compound is 3.0 eV or more and 4.0 eV or less.3. The transition metal-supported intermetallic compound according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metals of group 8 claim 1 , group 9 and group 10 of the periodic table.4. The transition metal-supported intermetallic compound according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the transition metal to the intermetallic compound is 0.1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.5. A supported metallic catalyst claim 1 , comprising the transition metal-supported intermetallic compound according to .6. A method for producing ammonia claim 5 , the method comprising contacting the supported metallic catalyst according to with a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen.7. The method for producing ammonia according to claim 6 , wherein the reaction temperature applied when the supported metallic catalyst is contacted with the mixed gas is 200° C. or higher and 600° C. or lower.8. The method for producing ammonia according to claim 6 , wherein the reaction pressure applied when the supported metallic catalyst is brought in contact with the mixed gas is 0.01 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less. The present invention relates to a transition metal-supported intermetallic compound having a transition metal supported on an intermetallic compound, a ...

Transparent photocatalyst coating and methods of manufacturing the same

Methods for making photocatalyst compositions and elements exhibiting desired photocatalytic activity levels and transparency.

GLYCIDOL SYNTHESIS METHOD

The invention relates to a method for obtaining glycidol in a semi-continuous or continuous manner by decarboxylating glycerol carbonate at reduced pressure, at a temperature less than or equal to 130° C. and in the presence of alkoxide catalysts of alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals, metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, metal stannates and mixed metal stannates, all of which optionally supported via SiO, γ-AlO, MgO and ZrO. 1. A method for producing glycidol by decarboxylating glycerol carbonate , which comprises the steps:{'sub': 1', 'n', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'a) Placing into contact, optionally in the presence of an organic solvent, glycerol carbonate with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (C-C) alkoxides of alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals, metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, metal stannates, mixed metal stannates and mixtures thereof, wherein the catalyst is optionally supported via a support selected from the group consisting of SiO, γ-AlO, MgO and ZrO; and'}b) Carrying out the reaction at a temperature less than or equal to 130° C. at reduced pressure to continuously separate the glycidol formed by evaporation.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalysts are (C-C) alkoxides of alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals and are selected from the group consisting of sodium methoxide claim 1 , potassium methoxide claim 1 , sodium ethoxide and potassium ethoxide.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalysts are metal oxides and are selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals and metals selected from zirconium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , scandium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , cerium and tin claim 1 , optionally supported via SiO claim 1 , γ-AlO claim 1 , MgO and ZrO.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalysts are mixed metal oxides and are selected from the group consisting of mixtures of two or more alkaline metal oxides ...

MICRO- AND NANO-PARTICLES WITH VARIABLE SURFACE MORPHOLOGIES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

According to various aspects and embodiments, multilayer particles having an irregular surface architecture and methods of making the same are disclosed.

Method for preparing carboxylic esters from aldehydes

A method can prepare a carboxylic ester. The method includes reacting an aldehyde in the presence of an aluminium alkoxide applied to a support material. 1: A method for preparing a carboxylic ester , the method comprising:reacting an aldehyde in the presence of an aluminium alkoxide applied to a support material.2: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is a compound of formula (I):{'br': None, 'sup': '1', 'R—CHO\u2003\u2003(I),'}{'sup': 1', '1, 'sub': 1', '12', '2', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '6', '12', '6', '20', '4', '20', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '2', '2, 'wherein Ris a —(C-C)-alkyl group or a —(C-C)-alkenyl group and Rmay optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —(C-C)-alkyl, —(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —(C-C)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C-C)-alkyl, —(C-C)-heteroaryl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —S—(C-C)-alkyl, —S—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —COO—(C-C)-alkyl, —COO—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —CONH—(C-C)-alkyl, —CONH—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —N—[(C-C)-alkyl], —OH, —NH, and a halogen atom.'}3: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is at least one member selected from the group consisting of acrolein and methacrolein.4: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminium alkoxide is a compound of formula (II):{'br': None, 'sup': '2', 'sub': '3', 'Al(OR)\u2003\u2003(II),'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'sub': 1', '12', '2', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '4', '12', '6', '20', '4', '20', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '2', '2, 'wherein each Rradical is independently of one another a —(C-C)-alkyl group or a —(C-C)-alkenyl group and each Rradical may independently of one another optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —(C-C)-alkyl, —(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —(C-C)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C-C)-aryl, —(C-C)-heteroaryl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-cycloalkyl ...

Inorganic nanofiber and method for manufacturing the same

An organic nanofiber includes a fiber body containing multiple inorganic oxide particles selected from polycrystalline titanium dioxide particles and polycrystalline tin(IV) oxide particles, and having a particle size ranging from 15 to 75 nm. A method for manufacturing the inorganic nanofibers, including: mixing a metal precursor, an organic polymer and a solvent to obtain a solution, the metal precursor being a titanium-containing precursor or a tin-containing precursor; electrospinning the solution at a relative humidity ranging from 50 to 60% to form multiple nanofibers; and annealing the nanofibers at a temperature ranging from 600 to 800° C. to obtain multiple inorganic nanofibers.

A Hierarchical Porous Material and the Preparation Method Thereof

This invention belongs to the field of nanomaterials. Specifically relates to a kind of hierarchical porous material and its preparation method. A kind of hierarchical porous material is disclosed, and said hierarchical porous material is composed of primary pore aggregates, the primary pore aggregates get together and formed the secondary pore aggregates, then the secondary pore aggregates connect to each other formed the hierarchical porous material; there are primary pores on said primary pore aggregates wherein the diameter of primary pore is 5-500 nm; there are secondary pores on said secondary pore aggregates wherein the diameter of secondary pore is 1-5 μm. Compared with existing technology, said hierarchical porous materials of this invention has apparent advantages of large surface area, high usage of precious metal and so on, which facilitating its mass transfer reaction when used as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts and other special applications. 1. A hierarchical porous material , which is composed of primary pore aggregates formed by gathering nanoparticle , secondary pore aggregates formed by gathering the primary pore aggregates , and the complex of the secondary pore aggregates formed by connecting secondary pore aggregates to each other; there are primary pores on said primary pore aggregates wherein the diameter of primary pore is 5-500 nm; there are secondary pores on said secondary pore aggregates wherein the diameter of secondary pore is 1-5 μm.2. The hierarchical porous material of claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticle is 20-300 nm in diameter claim 1 , said primary pore aggregates is 0.5-5 μm in size.3. The hierarchical porous material of claim 1 , wherein said hierarchical porous material is metal; said metal is selected from silver claim 1 , copper claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , iron claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , lead and the alloys thereof.4. The hierarchical porous material of claim 1 , wherein said hierarchical porous ...

Fluid mechanics system for the performance optimization of catalytic alloys and the improvement of its microbiological contaminants elimination properties in hydrocarbons

The present invention is a fluids mechanical system for optimizing the catalytic effect of catalytic alloys for the elimination of microbiological contaminants in hydrocarbon fuels, that has catalytic alloy pieces mainly formed of tin and antimony, which are contained in a container that can be a metal tube, a stainless steel mesh or another type of plastic container, characterized in that the volume of the pieces or pellets of catalytic alloy is less than 60 cubic millimeters, preferably between 10 cubic millimeters and 45 cubic millimeters, the pieces having a spherical, disc or irregular shape.

Process for Producing Mixtures of Cyclohexanone and Cyclohexanol

In a process for producing a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, a feed comprising cyclohexanone is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions effective to convert part of the cyclohexanone in the feed into cyclohexanol and thereby produce a hydrogenation product containing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. A mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol is then obtained from the hydrogenation product. 1. A process for producing a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol , the process comprising:(a) contacting a feed comprising cyclohexanone and phenol with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions effective to convert at least part of the cyclohexanone and/or phenol in the feed into cyclohexanol and thereby produce a hydrogenation product containing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:(b) obtaining a mixture comprising at least 90 wt % of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol from the hydrogenation product.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of cyclohexanone to phenol in the feed is from 0.1 to 10.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises at least one of palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , osmium claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , tin claim 1 , cobalt and compounds and mixtures thereof.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises both platinum and palladium.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises platinum and palladium at a molar ratio from 0.1 to 10.0.7. The process of claim 4 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst further comprises at least one of the following inorganic oxides: AlO claim 4 , SiO claim 4 , ZrO claim 4 , MgO claim 4 , CaO claim 4 , GdO claim 4 , GeO claim 4 , YO claim 4 , rare earth oxides claim 4 , TiO claim 4 , SnO claim 4 , and combinations ...

Precipitated and calcined composition based on zirconium oxide and cerium oxide

The present invention relates to compositions based on zirconium oxide and cerium oxide that exhibit a sufficiently high specific surface area after calcination and a low maximum reduction temperature of the oxide after calcination. Compositions of the present invention may be notably used in various catalytic systems, such as for the treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A POLYETHERAMINE

A process for producing a polyetheramine by reacting a polyether alcohol, previously synthesized in the presence of a basic potassium or sodium compound as catalyst, with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst in one reactor or a plurality of reactors, wherein the employed polyether alcohol when previously synthesized in the presence of a basic potassium compound as catalyst has a content of potassium ions of less than 50 wppm and when previously synthesized in the presence of a basic sodium compound as catalyst has a content of sodium ions of less than 50 wppm. 126.-. (canceled)27. A process for producing a polyetheramine by reacting a polyether alcohol , previously synthesized in the presence of a basic potassium compound as catalyst , with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst in one reactor or a plurality of reactors , wherein the employed polyether alcohol has a content of potassium ions of 20 wppm.28. The process according to claim 27 , wherein the employed polyether alcohol has a content of potassium ions of less than 10 wppm.29. The process according to claim 27 , wherein the reaction of the polyether alcohol to afford the polyetheramine is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range of from 50 to 220 bar.30. The process according to claim 27 , wherein the reaction of the polyether alcohol to afford the polyetheramine is carried out at a temperature in the range of from 150° C. to 240° C.31. The process according to claim 27 , wherein the reaction of the polyether alcohol to afford the polyetheramine is carried out using ammonia in a molar ratio per mole of alcoholic hydroxyl group in the polyether alcohol in the range of from 1.5 to 500.32. The process according to claim 27 , wherein in the reaction of the polyether alcohol to afford the polyetheramine the catalyst is arranged in the reactor/in the reactors as a fixed bed.33. The process according to claim 27 , which is carried out continuously.34. The ...

MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND STABLE NANO-ARCHITECTURES CONTAINING NANOCARBON AND NANO- OR MICRO STRUCTURES AND A CALCINED HYDROTALCITE SHELL

Methods for making a multilevel core-shell structure having a core/graphene-based shell structure are described. A method for making a core/graphene-based shell structure can include obtaining a composition that includes core nano- or microstructures and graphene-based structures having at least a portion of a surface coated with a curable organic material, where the core nano- or microstructures and graphene-based structures are dispersed throughout the composition and subjecting the composition to conditions that cure the organic material and allow the graphene-based structures to self-assemble around the core nano- or microstructures to produce a core/graphene-based shell structure that has a graphene-based shell encompassing a core nano- or microstructure. 1. A method for making a core/graphene-based shell structure , the method comprising:(a) obtaining a composition comprising core nano- or microstructures and graphene-based structures having at least a portion of a surface coated with a curable organic material, wherein the core nano- or microstructures and graphene-based structures are dispersed throughout the composition; and(b) curing the organic material and optionally quenching the composition to allow the graphene-based structures to self-assemble around the core nano- or microstructures to produce a core/graphene-based shell structure comprising a graphene-based shell encompassing a core nano- or microstructure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the curable organic material comprises a curable monomer or a curable polymer claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein step (b) comprises:subjecting the composition to conditions sufficient to cure the organic material and form polymer coated graphene-based structures; and(ii) quenching the composition such that the polymer coated graphene based structures self-assemble to form a graphene-based shell structure.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the conditions sufficient to cure the ...

PROCESS FOR NEAR-INFRARED-DRIVEN DECOMPOSITION OF METAL PRECURSORS FOR THE FORMATION OF AMORPHOUS METAL AND METAL OXIDE FILMS

The present invention provides a method for making materials and electrocatalytic materials comprising amorphous metals or metal oxides. This method provides a scalable preparative approach for accessing state-of-the-art electrocatalyst films, as demonstrated herein for the electrolysis of water, and extends the scope of usable substrates to include those that are non-conducting and/or three-dimensional electrodes. 1. A process for forming an amorphous metal-containing electrocatalytic film , the process comprising the steps of:a) providing a substrate;b) coating the substrate with a metal precursor solution; andc) exposing the coated substrate to near-infrared radiation to form the amorphous metal-containing film.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amorphous metal-containing film is an amorphous metal oxide claim 1 , an amorphous mixed metal oxide claim 1 , an amorphous metal claim 1 , or an amorphous mixed metal.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amorphous metal-containing film comprises a metal selected from iron claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , copper claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , indium claim 1 , tin claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is a metal salt.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the metal salt is MClor M(NO) claim 4 , where x is 2 or 3.6. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of FeCI claim 4 , Fe(N<¾) claim 4 , IrCl claim 4 , NiCl claim 4 , Ni(NO) claim 4 , FeNiCl claim 4 , CoCl claim 4 , RuCl claim 4 , CuCl claim 4 , and WCI.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is a metal coordination complex.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the metal coordination complex is a 2-ethylhexanoate derivative or an acetylacetonate derivative.9. The process according to claim 7 , ...

Nano-dispersed powders and methods for their manufacture

Dispersed powders are disclosed that comprise fine nanoscale powders dispersed on coarser carrier powders. The composition of the dispersed fine powders may be oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, chalcogenides, metals, and alloys. Fine powders discussed are of sizes less than 100 microns, preferably less than 10 micron, more preferably less than 1 micron, and most preferably less than 100 nanometers. Methods for producing such powders in high volume, low-cost, and reproducible quality are also outlined. Such powders are useful in various applications such as catalysts, sensor, electronic, electrical, photonic, thermal, biomedical, piezo, magnetic, catalytic and electrochemical products.