КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ АЗОТИРОВАННОГО СМЕШАННОГО ОКСИДА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТИЛЕН-НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ ИЛИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ

Изобретение относится к способу получения α, β этилен-ненасыщенных карбоновых кислот или сложных эфиров, содержащему этапы, где вызывают контакт формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром формулы R-CH-COOR, где Rобозначает водород или алкильную группу, a Rобозначает водород, алкильную или арильную группу, в присутствии катализатора и возможно в присутствии спирта, где данный катализатор содержит азотированный оксид металла, имеющий, по меньшей мере, два типа катионов металлов Ми М, где Мвыбирают из металлов или металлоидов группы 3, 4, 13 (также называемой IIIA) или 14 (также называемой IVA) Периодической таблицы, и Мвыбирают из металлов металлоидов или фосфора группы 5 или 15 (также называемой VA) Периодической таблицы. Изобретение также относится к каталитической системе для реакции формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром формулы R-CH-COOR, где Rобозначает водород или алкильную группу, a Rобозначает ...

СПОСОБЫ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЛЕГИРОВАННЫХ ОКСИДОВ ЦЕРИЯ(IV)

Способ селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR) включает селективное восстановление газообразной смеси, включающей оксиды азота, в присутствии восстановителя и катализатора, который содержит по меньшей мере 80 мас.% оксида церия(IV) и от 0,1 до 20 мас.% оксида тантала(V), легирующего оксид церия(IV), причем катализатор прокаливают при температуре в пределах интервала от 600°C до 1000°C. Параметр кристаллической решетки у катализатора составляет по меньшей мере на 0,02% меньше, чем у нелегированного оксида церия (IV). Способ позволяет снизить концентрацию оксидов азота в выбросах. 3 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 14 ил.

НАНЕСЕННЫЙ НА ДИОКСИД КРЕМНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОР

Изобретение относится к нанесенному на диоксид кремния катализатору, используемому для производства соответствующего ненасыщенного нитрила в реакции парофазного каталитического аммоксидирования пропана или изобутана. Данный катализатор содержит оксид металла, представленный следующей формулой (1):в которой X представляет собой, по меньшей мере, один или несколько элементов, выбранных из Sb и Те; Т представляет собой, по меньшей мере, один или несколько элементов, выбранных из Ti, W, Mn и Bi; Z представляет собой, по меньшей мере, один или несколько элементов, выбранных из La, Ce, Yb и Y; и а, b, c, d и e находятся в интервалах, составляющих 0,05≤a≤0,5, 0,01≤b≤0,5, 0,001≤c≤0,5, 0≤d≤1, и 0≤e≤1, соответственно, и n представляет собой значение, которое удовлетворяет требованиям атомной валентности. При этом у нанесенного на диоксид кремния катализатора средний размер пор составляет от 60 до 120 нм, суммарный объем пор составляет 0,15 см/г или более, удельная площадь поверхности составляет от ...

МЕЗОПОРИСТЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР НА ОСНОВЕ СМЕШАННОГО ОКСИДА, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ КРЕМНИЙ

Изобретение относится к мезопористым катализаторам для получения бутадиена из этанола. Предложен мезопористый катализатор на основе смешанного оксида, содержащего кремний и по меньшей мере один металл M, выбранный из тантала, ниобия и их смесей, в котором массовое содержание металла M составляет от 0,1 и 20% от массы смешанного оксида, и кремний и металл М связаны ковалентной связью. Предложен также способ получения указанного катализатора и его применение для получения 1,3-бутадиена из этанола. Технический результат – снижение стоимости катализатора при сохранении его эффективности. 3 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 9 пр., 1 ил.

СТАБИЛИЗИРОВАННОЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ 1,3-БУТАДИЕНА В ПРИСУТСТВИИ ОКСИДА ТАНТАЛА, ЛЕГИРОВАННОГО АЛЬДОЛИЗИРУЮЩИМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОМ

Изобретение относится к катализатору для превращения сырья, содержащего по меньшей мере этанол, в бутадиен и к его применению. Катализатор содержит по меньшей мере элемент тантал, по меньшей мере один альдолизирующий элемент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из кальция, бария и их смесей, и по меньшей мере одну мезопористую оксидную матрицу, содержащую по меньшей мере один оксид элемента X, выбранного из кремния, титана и их смесей. Массовое содержание элемента тантал составляет от 0,3% до 10% от массы мезопористой оксидной матрицы, а массовое содержание альдолизирующего элемента составляет от 0,05% до 4% от массы мезопористой оксидной матрицы. Изобретение относится также к применению указанного катализатора для превращения этанола в 1,3-бутадиен при температуре от 300°C до 400°C, давлении от 0,15 до 0,5 МПа, объемной скорости от 0,5 до 5 ч. Технический результат - повышение продолжительности цикла (поддержание селективности на экономически приемлемом уровне в течение более длительного времени ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ЭТАНА И/ИЛИ ЭТИЛЕНА ДО УКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

Изобретение относится к композиции катализатора; способу его приготовления и способу селективного окисления этана и/или этилена до уксусной кислоты. Описана композиция катализатора для окисления этана и/или этилена до уксусной кислоты на носителе, состоящая в сочетании с кислородом из элементов - молибден, ванадий, ниобий и титан в соответствии с эмпирической формулой: ! MoaTicVdNbeOx ! где а, с, d, e обозначают такие грамм-атомные соотношения элементов, при которых ! 0<а≤1; ! 0,05<с≤2; ! 0 Подробнее

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДОВ ЦИРКОНИЯ, ЦЕРИЯ, НИОБИЯ И ОЛОВА, СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ КАТАЛИЗА

Изобретение относится к каталитической композиции для обработки выхлопных газов. Композиция представляет собой композицию на основе оксидов циркония, церия, ниобия и олова с массовым содержанием оксида церия 5-50%, оксида ниобия - 5-20%, оксида олова – 1-10% и с содержанием оксида циркония, составляющим остальное количество. Обеспечивается получение катализаторов, являющихся более эффективными для катализа SCR и обладающих улучшенными восстановительной способностью и/или кислотностью. 6 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 4 табл., 7 пр.

Композитный порошковый фотокатализатор и способ его получения

Изобретение относится к материалам для катализа и технологии получения катализаторов для экологического применения, а именно для каталитической фотодеструкции органических и неорганических соединений в растворах, например для фотодеструкции сточных вод. Описан композитный порошковый фотокатализатор для каталитической фотодеструкции органических и неорганических соединений в сточных водах, содержащий частицы носителя с окислами металлов, при этом он содержит металлы-носители Zn, Ti и окислы ZnO, TiO2, Nb2O5 со следующим содержанием элементов (в ат.%): Zn - 40÷42; Ti - 3÷5; Nb - 1÷2; О - 50÷55. Для получения композитного порошкового фотокатализатора применяют обработку исходных порошков композита в прианодной области генератора плазмы с использованием плазмотрона с вихревой стабилизацией и расширяющимся каналом. При этом в качестве исходных порошков используют тщательно перемешанную смесь микропорошков металлов Zn, Ti, Nb, взятых в соотношении Zn - 82÷84 ат.%; Ti - 15÷16 ат.%; Nb - 1,5÷2,5 ...

ОЧИЩАЮЩИЙ ОТ ДИСПЕРСНЫХ ЧАСТИЦ МАТЕРИАЛ, ФИЛЬТР-КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ОТ ДИСПЕРСНЫХ ЧАСТИЦ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ОЧИЩАЮЩЕГО ОТ ДИСПЕРСНЫХ ЧАСТИЦ МАТЕРИАЛА И СПОСОБ РЕГЕНЕРИРОВАНИЯ ФИЛЬТРА-КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ОТ ДИСПЕРСНЫХ ЧАСТИЦ

Изобретение относится к очищающему от дисперсных частиц материалу и его использованию. Описан очищающий от дисперсных частиц материал, используемый для фильтра-катализатора для очистки от дисперсных частиц, причем фильтр-катализатор расположен на пути потока выхлопных газов двигателя внутреннего сгорания, улавливает дисперсные частицы в выхлопных газах, образующихся в двигателе внутреннего сгорания, и сжигает осаждаемые дисперсные частицы с тем, чтобы регенерироваться, причем очищающий от дисперсных частиц материал включает в себя: оксид, содержащий: церий (Се), обладающий способностью аккумулирования-высвобождения кислорода; и по меньшей мере один металл (Me), выбранный из группы, состоящей из циркония (Zr), иттрия (Y), лантана (La), празеодима (Рr), стронция (Sr), ниобия (Nb) и неодима (Nd), при этом отношение содержаний (Се:Ме) церия к металлу составляет от 6:4 до 9:1 в единицах атомного отношения, и степень кристалличности (CR), представленная следующей формулой (1), составляет в пределах ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ АЛКАНОВ В НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫЕ КАРБОНОВЫЕ КИСЛОТЫ, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИИ И СПОСОБ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

... 1. Каталитическая композиция для получения ненасыщенной карбоновой кислоты из алкана, содержащая соединение формулы Mo1VaSbbNbcMdOx, в которой Мо представляет собой молибден, V означает ванадий, Sb означает сурьму, Nb означает ниобий, М представляет собой галлий, висмут, серебро или золото, а составляет от 0,01 до 1, b составляет от 0,01 до 1, с составляет от 0,01 до 1, d составляет от 0,01 до 1 и х определяется требованиями валентности других присутствующих элементов. 2. Каталитическая композиция по п.1, которая имеет формулу Mo1VaSbbNbc MdM'eOx, в которой М' представляет собой тантал, титан, алюминий, цирконий, хром, марганец, железо, рутений, кобальт, родий, никель, платину, бор, мышьяк, литий, натрий, калий, рубидий, кальций, бериллий, магний, церий, стронций, гафний, фосфор, европий, гадолиний, диспрозий, гольмий, эрбий, тулий, тербий, иттербий, лютеций, лантан, скандий, палладий, празеодим, неодим, иттрий, торий, вольфрам, цезий, цинк, олово, германий, кремний, свинец, барий и таллий ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ КИСЛОТНОСТЬЮ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ, ОКСИДА ТИТАНА И ОКСИДА ВОЛЬФРАМА, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Композиция на основе оксида циркония, оксида титана и оксида вольфрама в следующих массовых пропорциях этих различных компонентов: !оксид титана: 20-50% ! оксид вольфрама: 1-20% ! достаточное количество до 100% оксида циркония, ! отличающаяся тем, что она имеет кислотность, определяемую в результате испытания с использованием метилбутанола, равную, по меньшей мере, 90%. ! 2. Композиция на основе оксида циркония, оксида титана, оксида вольфрама и, по меньшей мере, одного оксида другого элемента М, выбранного из кремния, алюминия, железа, молибдена, марганца, цинка, олова и редкоземельных металлов в следующих массовых пропорциях этих различных элементов: ! оксид титана: 20-50% ! оксид вольфрама: 1-20% ! оксид элемента М: 1-20% ! достаточное количество до 100% оксида циркония, ! отличающаяся тем, что она также имеет кислотность, определяемую в результате испытания с использованием метилбутанола, равную, по меньшей мере, 90%. ! 3. Композиция по любому из предыдущих пунктов, отличающаяся ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ГИДРОТЕРМАЛЬНОГО СЖИЖЕНИЯ БИОМАССЫ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализаторам для гидротермального сжижения биомассы растительного происхождения и может быть использовано при получении альтернативных жидких моторных топлив. Катализатор для гидротермального сжижения биомассы растительного происхождения содержит оксид циркония, оксид ванадия, фосфат алюминия, мелкодисперсный оксид алюминия при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: оксид циркония 1,0-50,0; оксид ванадия 0,1-10,0; фосфат алюминия 1,0-5,0; мелкодисперсный оксид алюминия - остальное, до 100 в сульфатированной форме. Технический результат - обеспечение повышения активности катализатора по отношению к сероорганическим соединениям исходного сырья за счет перевода указанных соединений в водорастворимую форму. 3 пр.

Катализатор для окислительной конверсии этана в этилен и способ его получения

Изобретение относится к катализаторам для окислительных превращений углеводородов, а также к способу получения данных катализаторов. Более конкретно изобретение относится к оксидным промотированным MoVTeNb катализаторам для окислительной конверсии этана в этилен, наиболее многотоннажный продукт современной нефтехимии. Описан оксидный катализатор для процесса окислительной конверсии этана в этилен, содержащий молибден, ванадий, теллур, ниобий, кремний и один элемент М из группы, включающей Р и Se. Катализатор имеет общую формулу: MoVTeNb(Si+M)O, где: М - элемент из группы, включающей Р и Se, а=0,20-0,40, b=0,15-0,35, с=0,05-0,25, d=0,0001-0,5, х - количество атомов кислорода, требуемых для соблюдения электронейтральности. Способ получения катализатора включает стадии получения влажного прекурсора, содержащего все элементы с заданным атомным соотношением, удаления растворителя с использованием распылительной сушилки и последующей ступенчатой термообработки сухого прекурсора. Стадия приготовления ...

ВАНАДИЕВЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ С ВЫСОКИМИ УРОВНЯМИ ВЫБРОСОВ NO2

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ВЫХЛОПНОГО ГАЗА, ВЫХЛОПНАЯ СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ АЗОТИРОВАННОГО СМЕШАННОГО ОКСИДА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТИЛЕН-НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ ИЛИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ

... 1. Способ получения этилен-ненасыщенных карбоновых кислот или сложных эфиров, предпочтительно α, β этилен-ненасыщенных карбоновых кислот или сложных эфиров, содержащий этапы, где вызывают контакт формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром в присутствии катализатора и возможно в присутствии спирта, где данный катализатор содержит азотированный оксид металла, имеющий, по меньшей мере, два типа катионов металлов Ми М, где Мвыбирают из металлов группы 2, 3, 4, 13 (также называемой IIIA) или 14 (также называемой IVA) периодической таблицы, и Мвыбирают из металлов группы 5 или 15 (также называемой VA) периодической таблицы.2. Способ по п.1, где азотированный оксид металла состоит из от двух до четырех катионов металла и анионов кислорода и азота.3. Способ по любому из пп.1 или 2, где металл типа Мвыбирают из одного или нескольких металлов в списке, состоящем из: - Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sc, Y, La, Ac, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Hf и Rf ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР НА ОСНОВЕ СМЕШАННЫХ ОКСИДОВ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ ИЛИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ С ЭТИЛЕНОВОЙ НЕНАСЫЩЕННОСТЬЮ

... 1. Катализатор для взаимодействия формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром для получения карбоновой кислоты или сложного эфира с этиленовой ненасыщенностью, предпочтительно карбоновых кислот или сложного эфира с этиленовой ненасыщенностью в α, β-положении, где катализатор включает оксид металла, имеющий, по меньшей мере, два типа катионов металла, Ми М, где Мпредставляет собой, по меньшей мере, один металл, выбранный из группы 3 или 4 в 4-6 периодах Периодической таблицы, группы 13 в 3-5 периодах Периодической таблицы, или остающихся элементов в лантаноидной группе (а именно, скандия, иттрия, лантаноидных элементов, титана, циркония, гафния, алюминия, галлия, индия), и Мпредставляет собой, по меньшей мере, один металл, выбранный из группы 5 в 5 или 6 периодах Периодической таблицы или группы 15 в 4 или 5 периодах Периодической таблицы (а именно, ниобия, тантала, мышьяка и сурьмы),в котором отношение М:Mнаходится в диапазоне от 10:1 до 1:10,и в ...

ОКСИДНЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР, СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НЕНАСЫЩЕННОГО НИТРИЛА

Vanadiumkatalysatoren für einen hohen NO₂-Gehalt am Motorausgang aufweisende Systeme

Beschrieben wird ein Abgasreinigungssystem zum Verringern des Gehalts an Verunreinigungen in einem mageren Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors, wobei das Abgasreinigungssystem eine Einspeisungsvorrichtung, die Ammoniak oder eine zu Ammoniak abbaubare Verbindung in einen Stickstoffoxide enthaltenden Abgasstrom einspeist, einen Vanadium umfassenden, selektiven katalytischen Reduktions-Katalysator (V-SCR-Katalysator), der (die Reaktion) der Stickstoffoxide mit Ammoniak in einem Temperaturbereich von etwa 150 ºC bis etwa 400 ºC und bei einem NO2/NOx-Verhältnis von etwa 0,3 bis etwa 0,9 katalysiert, und ein stromabseitiges System, das einen Dieseloxidationskatalysator umfasst, umfasst.

Oxide catalysts, for gas phase catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane or isobutane, are useful for production of (meth)acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylic acid

Novel oxide catalysts for the gas phase catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane or isobutane. An oxide catalyst for the gas phase catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane or isobutane is of formula Mo1VaSbbNbcZdOm. Z = tungsten, chromium, titanium, aluminum, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, zinc, boron, indium, germanium, tin, lead, bismuth, yttrium, gallium, rare earth elements and alkaline earth elements; a = 0.1-0.4; b = 0.1-0.4; c = 0.01-0.3; and d = 0-1 whereby a <= b. Independent claims are also included for: (1) A process for the production of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by reaction of propane or isobutane with ammonia and oxygen in the gas phase in the presence of the oxide catalyst; and (2) A process for the production of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by reaction of propane or isobutane with oxygen in the gas phase in the presence of the oxide catalyst.

Process for preparing electron deficient olefins

This invention relates to a process for producing electron deficient olefins, such as 2-cyanoacrylates, using an acid catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The acid catalyst comprises a lanthanide (preferably yttrium) or a transition metal (preferably niobium) and one or more ligands. The precursors are preferably an ester with an additional electron withdrawing group and an aldehyde. Possible electron withdrawing groups include cyano (nitrile), alkoxy or aryloxy, carbonyls, halogens, nitro, isocyanate, sulfoxide, phosphine oxide and sulphonic acids. In an embodiment of the invention, ethylcyanoacetate is the electron deficient olefin precursor, paraformaldehyde is used as the aldehyde source and yttrium triflate (Y(CF3SO3)3) is used as the catalyst. The product is ethyl-2-cyanoacetate. The formation of bifunctional cyanoacrylates is also disclosed.

Process for preparing electron deficient olefins

Non-PGM ammonia slip catalyst

Exhaust system without a DOC having an ASC acting as a DOC in a sysyem with an SCR catalyst before the ASC

Method of preparing oxidation catalyists

Acrylonitrile is prepared from ammonia, propylene and oxygen in a fixed bed reactor containing a Mo, Bi and Si catalyst, the latter having been prepared by forming a homogeneous solution of ammonium molybdate, a bismuth salt, silicic acid sel and a mineral acid, preferably nitric acid, in the absence of phosphonic acid and/or phosphates, and if desired in the presence of one or more compounds of Be, Ca, Sn, Ba, Zn, Cd, Li, Na and/or Ag and drying and calcining the homogeneous acid solution by spraying it on to a hot solid medium of aluminium alicate, corundum, quartz, magnesium aluminate, feldspar and granite. Examples are given. Specification 967,877 is referred to.ALSO:An oxidation catalyst containing Mo, Bi and Si is prepared by forming a homogeneous acid solution of ammonium molybdate, a bismuth salt, silicic acid sol and a mineral acid, preferably HNO3, in the absence of phosphoric acid and/or phosphates but in the presence of, if desired, one or more compounds of Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn ...

Pentenenitrile Isomerization

Selective catalytic reduction processes using doped cerias

Vanadium-free titania-based SCR catalyst article

A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst article comprising vanadium-free extruded titania substrate comprising a titania-based portion, a filler portion, optionally a zeolitic portion, wherein [a] titania-based portion comprises (i) 1-10wt% Nb, (ii) 5-15wt% Ce, (iii) optionally up to 10wt% W, wherein the balance is at least 60wt% Ti; [b] 1-20wt% filler portion based on the weight of the substrate; [c] optionally up to 20wt% zeolitic portion based on the weight of the substrate. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst article.

Catalysts

Catalysts

Catalysts

PROCEDURE AND CATALYST FOR THE SELECTIVE PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID BY CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ETHAN AND/OR ETHYLS

REACTOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SILICON

PROCEDURE FOR DECOMPOSING HYDRAULIC PEROXIDES

MIXED BASIC METAL SULFIDE CATALYST

Mixed metal oxide catalysts for propane and isobutane oxidation and ammoxidation, and methods of preparing same

CATALYSTS FOR PHOTO-ASSISTED OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS

OXYDEHYDROGENATION OF ETHANE USING OXIDE CATALYST

ODH CATALYST FORMULATIONS

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane comprises contacting a mixture of ethane and oxygen in an ODH reactor with an ODH catalyst under conditions that promote oxidation of ethane into ethylene. Conditions within the reactor are controlled by the operator and include, but are not limited to, parameters such as 5 temperature, pressure, and flow rate. Conditions will vary and can be optimized for a specific catalyst, or whether an inert diluent is used in the mixing of the reactants. Disclosed herein is a catalyst consisting of: Mo0-1W0.3-1V0.2-0.4Te0.06-0.10Fe0.0-0.10Nb0.08-0.18Ox where X is determined by the valance of the metals.

STRUCTURED ZIRCONIUM SOLUTIONS

This invention relates to azirconium solution or sol comprising:(a) zirconium,(b) nitrate, acetate and/or chloride ions, and(c) one or more complexing agents being an organic compound comprising at least one of the following functional groups: an amine, an organosulphate, a sulphonate, a hydroxyl, an etheror a carboxylic acid group,wherein the molar ratio of components (a):(b) is 1:0.7to 1:4.0,the molar ratio of components (a):(c) is 1:0.0005 to 1:0.1, and thepH of the zirconium solution or sol is less than 5. The invention also relates to a process for preparing a zirconium solution or sol, the process comprising the steps of:(a)dissolving a zirconium salt in nitric, acetic and/or hydrochloric acid, and(b)adding one or more complexing agents to the resulting solution, the one or more complexing agents being an organic compound comprising at least one of the following functional groups: an amine, an organosulphate, a sulphonate, a hydroxyl, an etheror a carboxylic acid group, and (c)heating ...

REFORMING CATALYST AND A METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF

The present disclosure relates to a reforming catalyst composition comprising a spherical gamma AI2O3 support; at least one Group VB metal oxide sheet coated on to the AI2O3 support; and at least one active metal and at least one promoter metal impregnated on the AI2O3 coated support. The reforming catalyst composition of the present disclosure has improved activity, better selectivity for total aromatics during naphtha reforming and results in less coke formation. The reforming catalyst composition has improved catalyst performance with simultaneous modification of acidic sites as well as metallic sites through metal support interaction. The acid site cracking activity of the catalyst is inhibited because of the use of chloride free alumina support modified with solid acid such as Group VB metal oxide and impregnated with active metals. The present disclosure provides a process for naphtha reforming in the presence of the reforming catalyst composition of the present disclosure to obtain ...

CATALYSTS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

AGGLOMERATED ODH CATALYST

Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts for converting lower paraffins to alkenes such as ethane to ethylene when prepared as an agglomeration, preferably extruded with supports consisting of slurries of Nb2O5.

CATALYST LAYER, MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND FUEL CELL

Disclosed is a catalyst layer using an electrode catalyst having high oxygen reducing ability, which is useful as a substitute for a platinum catalyst. Also disclosed is a use of such a catalyst layer. Specifically disclosed is a catalyst layer comprising an electrode base and an electrode catalyst formed on the surface of the electrode base and composed of a metal compound which is obtained by hydrolyzing a metal salt or a metal complex.

A MIXED OXIDE CATALYST AND A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR ESTERS

The invention relates to a catalyst for the reaction of formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester. The catalyst comprises a metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, M1 and M2. M1 is at least one metal selected from group 3 or 4 in the 4th to 6th periods of the periodic table, group 13 in the 3rd to 5th periods of the periodic table, or the remaining elements in the lanthanide series and M2 is at least one metal selected from group 5 in the 5th or 6th periods of the periodic table or group 15 in the 4th or 5th periods of the periodic table. The invention extends to a process to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester.

METHOD FOR TREATING A GAS CONTAINING NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX), IN WHICH A COMPOSITION COMPRISING CERIUM OXIDE AND NIOBIUM OXIDE IS USED AS A CATALYST

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement d'un gaz contenant des oxydes d'azote (NOx) dans lequel on réalise une réaction de réduction des NOx par un agent réducteur azoté et il est caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme catalyseur de cette réaction de réduction un système catalytique contenant une composition à base d'oxyde de cérium et qui comprend de l'oxyde de niobium dans une proportion en masse comprise entre 2 et 20%.

A MIXED OXIDE CATALYST AND A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR ESTERS

The invention relates to a catalyst for the reaction of formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester. The catalyst comprises a metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, M1 and M2. M1 is at least one metal selected from group 3 or 4 in the 4th to 6th periods of the periodic table, group 13 in the 3rd to 5th periods of the periodic table, or the remaining elements in the lanthanide series and M2 is at least one metal selected from group 5 in the 5th or 6th periods of the periodic table or group 15 in the 4th or 5th periods of the periodic table. The invention extends to a process to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING PYROMELLITIC DIANHYDRIDE

The invention relates to a process for preparing pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) by heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation in the gas phase by means of a gas containing molecular oxygen. The process involves oxidizing benzaldehydes which are 2,4,5-trialkylated by Cl- to C3-alkyl groups or mixtures of benzaldehydes which are 2,4,5trialkylated by Cl- to C3-alkyl groups and benzenes which are 1,2,4,5-tetraalkylated by Cl- to C3-alkyl groups in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst contains as active components 5% to 95% by weight of one or more transition-metal oxides of sub-group IV of the Periodic Table of the Elements, from 1% to 50% by weight of one or more transition-metal oxides of sub-group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The catalyst also contains from 0% to 10% by weight of one or more oxides of elements of main group I of the Periodic Table of the Elements and/or from 0% to 50% by weight of one or more oxides of elements of main groups III, IV and V of the Periodic Table ...

ARTICLE HAVING PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY

A surface of a glass plate is coated with a first n-type semiconductor film which is a 50 nm-thick niobium oxide film as a primer layer. The primer layer is coated with a 250 nm-thick photocatalyst film comprising titanium oxide. Thus, an article having a photocatalytically active surface is obtained. The two coating films can be formed by sputtering. The first n-type semiconductor film as the primer layer is selected so as to have a larger energy band gap than the titanium oxide. Due to this constitution, more holes are generated near the film surface. This article can be free from the problem of conventional titanium oxide films having photocatalytic activity that it is difficult to generate many surface holes contributing to photocatalytic activity, because electrons and holes generated by charges separation recombine within the film, making it impossible to effectively heighten catalytic activity.

Procédé de préparation de composés carbonyles éthyléniques

Procédé pour isoler un oxirane d'un mélange d'époxydation

Procédé de préparation d'oxiranes

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydationskatalysatoren

Procédé de préparation d'oxiranes

CATALYST FOR LOW TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF FISCHER - TROPSCH WITH SUSPENSION POLYMERISATION LAYER

Способ регулируемого получения содержащего гематит катализатора Фишера-Тропша путем объединения раствора нитрата железа с раствором осаждающего агента при температуре осаждения и в течение времени осаждения для образования осадка, содержащего фазы железа; выдерживание осадка при температуре выдерживания в течение времени выдерживания для обеспечения содержащего гематит осадка и промывки содержащего гематит осадка посредством контакта с промывочным раствором и фильтрации для получения промытого содержащего гематит катализатора. Способ может дополнительно включать промотирование промытого содержащего гематит катализатора химическим промотором, сушку распылением промотированного содержащего гематит катализатора и обжиг высушенного распылением содержащего гематит катализатора для получения обожженного содержащего гематит катализатора Фишера-Тропша. A method for the controlled preparation of a Fischer-Tropsch containing hematite catalyst by combining a solution of iron nitrate with a solution of a precipitating agent at a precipitation temperature and during a precipitation time to form a precipitate containing iron phases; maintaining the precipitate at the incubation temperature during the incubation time to provide a hematite containing precipitate and washing the hematite containing precipitate by contact with a washing solution and filtering to obtain a washed hematite containing catalyst. The method may further include promoting a washed hematite-containing catalyst with a chemical promoter, spray-drying a promoted hematite-containing catalyst, and burning a spray-dried hematite-containing catalyst to obtain a calcined, hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ КАРБОНАТОВ

Способ получения различных органических карбонатов выполнением реакций переэтерификации и диспропорционирования в двухфазном пар/жидкость режиме, предпочтительно в присутствии композиции твердого катализатора, выбранного из группы, состоящей из оксидов, гидроксидов, оксигидроксидов или алкоксидов от двух до четырех элементов из групп IV, V и VI Периодической таблицы, нанесенного на пористый материал, который имеет поверхностные гидроксильные группы, и способ регенерации катализатора, дезактивированного осаждением полимера, контактированием дезактивированного катализатора с раствором гидроксисодержащего соединения в растворителе, таком как бензол или ТГФ.

СПОСОБ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ ТВЕРДОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Изобретение относится к способу получения различных органических карбонатов по реакции переэтерификации и диспропорционирования в двухфазном пар/жидкость режиме, предпочтительно в присутствии композиции твердого катализатора, выбранного из группы, состоящей из оксидов, гидроксидов, оксигидроксидов или алкоксидов от двух до четырех элементов из групп IV, V и VI Периодической таблицы, нанесенных на пористый материал, который имеет поверхностные гидроксильные группы, и способ регенерации катализатора, дезактивированного осаждением полимера, контактированием дезактивированного катализатора с раствором гидроксисодержащего соединения в растворителе, таком как бензол или ТГФ.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ ВРЕДНЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ, ПРИСУТСТВУЮЩИХ В ОТХОДЯЩИХ ИЛИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ГАЗАХ

Изобретение относится к катализатору для удаления вредных галогенированных и негалогенированных углеводородов в различных отходящих или технологических газах. Изобретение также относится к способу изготовления и использованию такого катализатора. Катализатор согласно изобретению включает в себя пористый носитель, на поверхности которого находятся один или несколько благородных металлов, V и одна или несколько добавок первого типа, выбранных из группы, состоящей из Cr, Mn, Fe, Co и Ni.

Preparation and application of powdered catalytic material and sodium montmorillonite-containing composite porous nano catalytic material

TANTALUM-BASED CATALYST DEPOSITED ON SILICA FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ETHANOL IN BUTADIENE LATEXES

CATALYST MIXTURES, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CHLOROFLUORES

Supported-sulfurized catalyst, useful in hydrorefining/hydroconversion hydrocarbon charge e.g. diesel oil, comprises organic-inorganic hybrid porous support and group VIB metal e.g. tungsten and/or VIII metal e.g. cobalt and nickel

On décrit un catalyseur supporté et sulfuré comprenant : - un support poreux constitué d'un matériau hybride organique-inorganique pour lequel la liaison covalente entre les phases organique et inorganique répond à la formule M-O-Z-R où M représente au moins un métal constitutif de la phase inorganique, Z au moins un hétéroélément parmi le phosphore et le silicium et R un groupement organique, - au moins un métal du groupe VIB et/ou du groupe VB et/ou du groupe VIII. L'invention porte également sur l'utilisation de ce catalyseur pour l'hydroraffinage et l'hydroconversion de charges hydrocarbonées telles que les coupes pétrolières, les coupes issues du charbon ou de la biomasse ou les hydrocarbures produits à partir du gaz naturel.

OXIDATION OF PROPANE IN ACRYLIC ACID BY USE OF CATALYSTS IN MIXTURE OF CRYSTALLINE PHASES

Procédé de préparation de l'acide acrylique à partir de propane, dans lequel on fait passer un mélange gazeux comprenant du propane, de la vapeur d'eau, ainsi qu'éventuellement un gaz inerte et/ou de l'oxygène moléculaire, sur un catalyseur constitué d'une phase cristalline de catalyseur de formule (I) ou (I') : TeaMo1VbNbcOx (I) Sba,Mo1VbOy (I') associée à une phase cristalline de catalyseur capable d'activer le propane.

특정 공극률을 가지며 지르코늄 산화물, 및 세륨 이외의 1종 이상 희토류의 산화물을 기재로 한 조성물, 상기 조성물의 제조 방법 및 촉매 작용에서의 그 용도

... 본 발명의 조성물은 50 중량% 이상 중량비의 지르코늄 산화물, 및 세륨 이외의 2종 이상 희토류의 산화물을 기재로 하고, 900℃의 온도에서 4시간 동안 하소된 후 두 공극 집단을 나타내며, 이때 상기 두 공극 집단의 각 직경은 제1 집단의 경우 약 20nm 내지 40nm의 값, 제2 집단의 경우는 약 80nm 내지 200nm의 값을 중심으로 하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 본 조성물은 내연기관으로부터의 배기 가스의 처리에 사용될 수 있다.

Hydrated Niobium Oxide Nanoparticle Containing Catalysts For Olefin Hydration into Alcohols

A nitrided mixed oxide catalyst system and a process for the production of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters

Catalytic composition for the reduction of the emissions of the oxides of nitrogen in the treatment of a gas with oxygen content [...] catalytic system process gasses with a higher content of oxygen for reducing the emissions of the oxides of nitrogen and use of the composition or catalytic system

EPOXIDAÇÃO PROCESS USING AN OXIDE CATALYSER OF NIÓBIO IN SUPPORT

catalyst composition, catalyst article, methods for reducing a level of NOx in an exhaust gas, for the reduction of a level of Hc, CO and/or an exhaust gas NOx, for preparing the catalyst and catalyst to prepare the article and quad filter

PROCESSES FOR NIOBIUM OXIDE EXTRUSION CASTING OR CONFORMATION AND PREPARATION OF A HYDROLIZED AND AMORPHOUS NIOBIUM OXIDE AND USE OF A NIOBIUM OXIDE IN THE EXTRUDED FORM

The invention relates to a process for extrusion casting or conformation of a niobium oxide, in which the extruded profile is obtained by means of drying and calcination, in appropriate conditions, of a green extruded profile, which is obtained by extrusion casting of a niobium oxide viscous gel. The invention also relates to a process for preparation of a hydrolyzed and amorphous niobium oxide, in which the hydrolyzed and amorphous niobium oxide is synthesized from organic or inorganic niobium precursors. At last, the invention relates to uses of a niobium oxide in the extruded form.

SURFACE-TREATED METAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

This surface-treated metal comprises a metal and a coating material that is formed on the surface of the metal. The outermost layer of the coating material is a photocatalyst coating film that contains particles having photocatalytic activity and an inorganic-organic composite resin. The volume ratio of the particles having photocatalytic activity relative to the photocatalyst coating film is within the range of 0.5-50 vol%. The inorganic-organic composite resin contains a siloxane bond and at least one group that is selected from among an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group and an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms. The coating material has a recessed portion in the outermost surface-side surface. The area of the outermost layer is 50-98% of the area of the surface of the metal when the coating material is viewed in plan, and the surface area of the outermost layer is 101-5,000% of the area of the surface of the metal.

NIOBIUM NITRIDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, NIOBIUM NITRIDE-CONTAINING FILM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, SEMICONDUCTOR, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, PHOTOCATALYST, HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE, AND ENERGY SYSTEM

The present invention is a niobium nitride having a composition represented by the composition formula Nb3N5, wherein the valence state of the structural element Nb is substantially +5. This method for producing the niobium nitride comprises a nitriding step whereby an organic niobium compound and a nitrogen compound gas are reacted and the organic niobium compound is converted to a nitride.

REGENERABLE COMPOSITE CATALYSTS FOR HYDROCARBON AROMATIZATION

A composite catalyst for aromatization of hydrocarbons includes a molecular sieve catalyst and metal dehydrogenation catalyst present as discrete catalysts in a physical admixture. The molecular sieve catalyst can be a zeolite and the metal dehydrogenation catalyst can be in the form of a nanostructure, such as zinc oxide nanopowder. The catalyst can convert hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as alkanes and alkenes, to aromatics and can be regenerated in-situ.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDE

The present invention relates to a process for producing an aliphatic carboxylic acid amide, including the step of reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid or an alkyl ester thereof containing an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with a mono- or dialkylamine containing an alkyl group or groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of a solid acid catalyst containing titanium oxide as a main component and an oxide or oxides of at least one element selected from elements (except titanium) belonging to Groups 4, 5 and 14 of the long form of the periodic table, wherein the catalyst has an average particle diameter of 2 μm or more. The process for producing an aliphatic carboxylic acid amide according to the present invention has a high reaction efficiency of the reaction of the aliphatic carboxylic acid or alkyl ester thereof with the mono- or dialkylamine, and shows an excellent filtration efficiency in separation of the catalyst.

LOW TEMPERATURE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION CATALYST AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

According to one embodiment, described herein is an exhaust gas after-treatment system (120) that is coupleable in exhaust gas stream receiving communication with an internal combustion engine (110). The exhaust gas after-treatment system includes a low temperature SCR catalyst (165) configured to reduce NOx in exhaust gas having a temperature below a temperature threshold. The system also includes a normal-to-high temperature SCR catalyst (170) configured to reduce NOx in exhaust gas having a temperature above the temperature threshold.

METHOD FOR THE DEPOSITION OF METALS ON SUPPORT OXIDES

The present invention is directed to a process for the production of supported transition metals with high dispersion. The latter are deposited onto refractory oxides without using a further liquid solvent. Hence, according to this dry procedure no solvent is involved which obviates certain drawbacks connected with wet ion exchange, impregnation or other metal addition processes known in the art.

Recalcined catalyst

A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by: contacting with a liquid contacting member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide to form a contact mixture; recovering insoluble material from the contact mixture; and calcining the recovered insoluble material in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Intermetallic catalysts

A catalyst comprising a substrate having deposited thereon a first coating containing a refractory metal oxide and having deposited upon the said oxide one or more intermetallic compounds of the general formula AxBy where A is selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, and B is selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, Y, the lanthanides, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, and Ta, and where x and y are integral and may have values of 1 or more.

CATALYTIC METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS AND AROMATIC COMPOUNDS FROM OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS CONTAINED IN AQUEOUS MIXTURES

The present invention relates to a method for producing mixtures of hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds, for use as fuel components (preferably in the range C5-C16), by means of catalytic conversion of the oxygenated organic compounds contained in aqueous fractions derived from biomass treatments, wherein said method can comprise at least the following steps: (i) bringing the aqueous mixture containing the oxygenated organic compounds derived from biomass in contact with a catalyst comprising at least Sn and Nb, Sn and Ti, and combinations of Sn, Ti and Nb; (ii) reacting the mixture with the catalyst in a catalytic reactor at temperatures between 100 and 350° C. and under pressures from 1 to 80 bar in the absence of hydrogen; and (iii) recovering the products obtained by means of the liquid/liquid separation of the aqueous and organic phases.

Oxide catalyst for oxidation or ammoxidation

Disclosed is an oxide catalyst for use in catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane or isobutane in the gaseous phase, which comprises a composition represented by the Mo1VaSbbNbcZdOn (wherein: Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, chromium, titanium, aluminum, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, platinum, zinc, boron, indium, germanium, tin, lead, bismuth, yttrium, gallium, rare earth elements and alkaline earth metals: and a, b, c, d, and n are, respectively, the atomic ratios of V, Sb, Nb, Z and O, relative to Mo), wherein 0.1<=a<0.4, 0.1 Подробнее

NOx treated mixed metal oxide catalyst

A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

EPOXIDATION PROCESS USING A SUPPORTED NIOBIUM OXIDE CATALYST

MESO-POROUS TRANSITION METAL OXIDE HAVING CRYSTALLIZED PORE WALL AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

Process for the preparation of pyromellitic dianhydride

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) by heterogeneously catalysed oxidation in the gas phase by means of a gas containing molecular oxygen, characterised in that the substances which are oxidised are benzaldehydes which are 2,4,5-trialkylated with C1- to C3-alkyl groups or mixtures of benzaldehydes which are 2,4,5-trialkylated with C1- to C3-alkyl groups and benzenes which are 1,2,4,5-tetralkylated with C1- to C3-alkyl groups, in the presence of a catalyst which contains, as active components, 5 to 95 % by weight of one or more transition metal oxides of sub-group IV of the Periodic Table, 1 to 50 % by weight of one or more transition metal oxides of sub-group V of the Periodic Table, 0 to 10 % by weight of one or more oxides of elements of main group I of the Periodic Table and/or 0 to 50 % by weight of one or more oxides of elements of main groups III, IV and V of the Periodic Table and of elements of sub-groups VI and VII of the Periodic ...

Combustion decomposition accelerators

The invention relates to non-toxic combustion decomposition accelerators and processes for their production for elemental analysis. The non-toxic accelerators may be either single component or multicomponent. The single component non-toxic accelerators are glass frit, niobium pentoxide, and inorganic phosphate compounds. The multicomponent accelerators are formed from a combination of the foregoing, and most preferably from (a) one or more of niobium pentoxide, tungsten oxide and mixtures thereof, and (b) one or more of glass frit, inorganic phosphate compounds, and mixtures thereof.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ КИСЛОТНОСТЬЮ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ, ОКСИДА ТИТАНА И ОКСИДА ВОЛЬФРАМА, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ

Изобретение относится к области очистки выхлопных газов каталитическими методами. Предложена композиция на основе оксида циркония, оксида титана и вольфрама и, возможно, одного элемента М, выбранного из кремния, алюминия, железа, молибдена, марганца, цинка, олова и редкоземельных металлов, в массовых пропорциях этих различных элементов: оксид титана 20%-50%; оксид вольфрама 1%-20%, оксид элемента М 1%-20%, достаточное количество до 100% оксида циркония. Композицию получают, помещая в жидкую среду соединения циркония, титана, возможно, элемента М и соединение основного характера; добавляя соединение вольфрама к суспензии полученного таким образом осадка, причем значение рН доводят до 1-7; осуществляя созревание суспензии, полученной на предыдущей стадии; отделяя, в случае необходимости, осадок и кальцинируя его. Композиция обладает кислотной активностью и эффективна для очистки газов от оксидов углерода и оксидов азота. 9 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 9 табл.

СПОСОБ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИМ ОКИСЛЕНИЕМ ЭТАНА И/ИЛИ ЭТИЛЕНА И КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ СПОСОБА

Изобретение относится к получению уксусной кислоты газофазным окислением этана и/или этилена кислородом с использованием катализатора, содержащего молибден и палладий. Для осуществления способа газообразное питание, содержащее этан, этилен или их смесь, а также кислород, при повышенной температуре вводят в контакт с катализатором, который содержит элементы Мо, Pd, X и Y в комбинации с кислородом, формулы (I): MoaPdbXcYd, где Х и Y имеют следующие значения: Х означает V и необязательно один или несколько элементов, выбранных из группы: Та, Те и W; Y означает Nb, Ca и Sb и необязательно один или несколько элементов, выбранных из группы: Bi, Cu,Ag,Au, Li, K,Rb, Cs,Mg,Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf; индексы a, b, с и d означают грамм-атомные соотношения соответствующих элементов, при этом а=1, b=0,0001-0,01, с=0,4-1 и d=0,005-1. В структуру катализатора ниобий вводят с применением аммониевой соли ниобия. Предпочтительно в качестве источника ниобия используют ниобийаммонийную соль. Продолжительность контакта ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЕРЫ ПО ПРОЦЕССУ КЛАУСА И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализаторам для получения серы по процессу Клауса и способам его приготовления. Описывается катализатор для получения серы по процессу Клауса, содержащий оксидный компонент и соединения щелочноземельного элемента, который дополнительно содержит соединения алюминия, в качестве соединений щелочноземельного элемента он содержит соединения кальция, а в качестве оксидного компонента - твердый раствор диоксида титана и пентаоксида ниобия при следующем содержании компонентов, мас.%: соединения кальция 1,0-5,0, соединения алюминия 20,0-55,0, твердый раствор диоксида титана и пентаоксида ниобия остальное. Описывается также способ приготовления катализатора для получения серы по процессу Клауса, включающий обработку тетрахлорида титана водным раствором или суспензией щелочного агента, формование, сушку и прокаливание с получением катализатора, отличающийся тем, что совместно с тетрахлоридом титана ведут обработку пентахлорида ниобия водным раствором или суспензией щелочного ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ДИОКСИД ТИТАНА, В ЧАСТНОСТИ, ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФТАЛЕВОГО АНГИДРИДА, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА, СПОСОБ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Изобретение касается катализатора, содержащего диоксид титана, в частности, для получения фталевого ангидрида путем газофазного окисления о-ксилола и/или нафталина. Описаны применение диоксида титана с содержанием серы, в расчете на элементарную серу, менее приблизительно 1000 ч./млн и БЕТ-поверхностью, по меньшей мере, 5 м2/г для получения катализатора для газофазного окисления ароматических углеводородов, в составе активной массы, включающей Nb, фосфор, пентаоксид ванадия и щелочной металл, в которой присутствует клей, представляющий собой органический полимер или сополимер, в частности, сополимер винилацетата; способ получения катализатора для газофазного окисления ароматических углеводородов, в частности, для получения фталевого ангидрида путем газофазного окисления о-ксилола, нафталина или их смеси, включающего следующие стадии: а) приготовление активной массы, содержащей TiO2, как определено в одном из вышеприведенных пунктов; b) приготовление инертного носителя, в частности инертного ...

СМЕШАННЫЕ МЕТАЛЛОКСИДНЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ И ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО АММОНОЛИЗА ПРОПАНА И ИЗОБУТАНА И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к смешанным металлоксидным катализаторам окисления и окислительного аммонилиза пропана и изобутана, способам их получения и применения. Описана смешанная металлоксидная система, содержащая молибден, ванадий, ниобий, сурьму, германий и кислород или молибден, ванадий, тантал, сурьму, германий и кислород, в которой стехиометрические соотношения элементов включают соотношение молибдена к сурьме в интервале от примерно 1:0,1 до примерно 1:0,5 и соотношение молибдена к германию в интервале от примерно 1:>0,2 до примерно 1:1. Описан катализатор, представляющий собой смешанную металлоксидную систему, эффективную в парофазной конверсии пропана в акриловую кислоту или акрилонитрил или изобутана в метакриловую кислоту или метакрилонитрил, причем смешанная металлоксидная система имеет эмпирическую формулу ! Mo1VaNbbSbcGedOx или Mo1VaTabSbcGedOx, в которой ! а находится в интервале от примерно 0,1 до примерно 0,6, ! b находится в интервале от примерно 0,02 до примерно 0,12, ! с ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКСИДНОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НЕНАСЫЩЕННОГО НИТРИЛА

Изобретение относится к способу получения оксидного катализатора и способу получения ненасыщенного нитрила. Способ получения оксидного катализатора, предназначенного для газофазного каталитического аммоксидирования пропана или изобутана и содержащего Mo, V, Sb, Nb и кремнезем, включает стадию приготовления исходного материала, содержащую субстадию (I) получения водной жидкой смеси (A), содержащей Mo, V и Sb; субстадию (II) добавления пероксида водорода к водной жидкой смеси (A), способствуя тем самым окислению водной жидкой смеси (A) и получению водной жидкой смеси (A'); и субстадию (III) смешивания водной жидкой смеси (A'), Nb-содержащего исходного жидкого материала (B) и исходного материала носителя, содержащего кремнезем, и получения тем самым водной жидкой смеси (C); стадию сушки водной жидкой смеси (C) и получения тем самым сухого порошка и стадию обжига сухого порошка в атмосфере инертного газа, где время, прошедшее от добавления пероксида водорода к водной жидкой смеси (A) до смешивания ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ГИДРОТЕРМАЛЬНОГО СЖИЖЕНИЯ БИОМАССЫ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализаторам для гидротермального сжижения биомассы растительного происхождения и может быть использовано при получении альтернативных жидких моторных топлив. Катализатор содержит оксид циркония, оксид церия, оксид ванадия, фосфат алюминия, мелкодисперсный оксид алюминия при следующем соотношении компонентов, % мас.: оксид циркония 1,0-50,0; оксид церия 0,5-2,0; оксид ванадия 0,1-10,0; фосфат алюминия 1,0-5,0; мелкодисперсный оксид алюминия - остальное, до 100 в сульфатированной форме. Технический результат - обеспечение повышения активности катализатора по отношению к сероорганическим соединениям исходного сырья за счет перевода указанных соединений в водорастворимую форму. 3 пр.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ И ПО МЕНЬШЕЙ МЕРЕ ОДНОГО ОКСИДА РЕДКОЗЕМЕЛЬНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА, ОТЛИЧНОГО ОТ ЦЕРИЯ, С КОНКРЕТНОЙ ПОРИСТОСТЬЮ, СПОСОБЫ ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ЕЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В КАТАЛИЗАТОРАХ

... 1. Композиция на основе оксида циркония и по меньшей мере одного оксида редкоземельного элемента, отличного от церия, при массовой доле оксида циркония по меньшей мере 50%, отличающаяся тем, что в ней, после прокаливания при температуре 900°С в течение 4 ч, наблюдаются две совокупности пор, соответствующие диаметры которых сгруппированы для первой совокупности около значения от 20 нм до 40 нм и для второй совокупности около значения от 80 нм до 200 нм.2. Композиция по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что диаметр первой совокупности пор сгруппирован около значения от 20 нм до 35 нм и более конкретно от 20 нм до 30 нм, а диаметр второй совокупности пор сгруппирован около значения от 80 нм до 150 нм и более конкретно от 90 нм до 110 нм.3. Композиция по п. 1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что, после прокаливания при температуре 900°С в течение 4 ч, она имеет общий объем пор по меньшей мере 1,3 мл Hg/г, более конкретно по меньшей мере 1,5 мл Hg/г.4. Композиция по п. 1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что, после прокаливания ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР НА ОСНОВЕ ТАНТАЛА, ОСАЖДЕННОГО НА ОКСИД КРЕМНИЯ, ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ЭТАНОЛА В БУТАДИЕН

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ГИДРОТЕРМАЛЬНОГО СЖИЖЕНИЯ БИОМАССЫ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализаторам для гидротермального сжижения биомассы растительного происхождения и может быть использовано при получении альтернативных жидких моторных топлив. Катализатор для гидротермального сжижения биомассы растительного происхождения содержит оксид циркония, оксид титана, оксид олова, оксид ванадия, фосфат алюминия, мелкодисперсный оксид алюминия при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: оксид циркония 1,0-40,0; оксид титана 0,5-5,0; оксид олова 0,5-5,0; оксид ванадия 0,1-10,0; фосфат алюминия 1,0-5,0; мелкодисперсный оксид алюминия - остальное, до 100 в сульфатированной форме. Технический результат - обеспечение повышения активности катализатора по отношению к сероорганическим соединениям исходного сырья за счет перевода указанных соединений в водорастворимую форму. 4 пр.

СИСТЕМА ВЫПУСКА ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ БЕЗ ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ОКИСЛЕНИЯ (DOC), ИМЕЮЩАЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ПРОСКОКА АММИАКА (ASC), ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИЙ, КАК DOC, В СИСТЕМЕ С КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ (SCR) ПЕРЕД ASC

EDELMETALLKATALYSATOR FÜR DIE WASSERELEKTROLYSE

Process for producing fuel cell catalyst, fuel cell catalyst obtained by production process, and uses thereof

It is an object of the present invention to provide a production process which can produce a fuel cell catalyst having excellent durability and high oxygen reducing activity. The process for producing a fuel cell catalyst including a metal-containing oxycarbonitride of the present invention includes a grinding step for grinding the oxycarbonitride using a ball mill, wherein the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is represented by a specific compositional formula; balls in the ball mill have a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 mm; the grinding time using the ball mill is 1 to 45 minutes; the rotating centrifugal acceleration in grinding using the ball mill is 2 to 20 G; the grinding using the ball mill is carried out in such a state that the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is mixed with a solvent containing no oxygen atom in the molecule; and when the ball mill is a planetary ball mill, the orbital centrifugal acceleration mill is 5 to 50 G.

Hydrated Niobium Oxide Nanoparticle Containing Catalysts for Olefin Hydration

An olefin hydration catalyst and method for producing same is provided. The olefin hydration catalyst can be prepared by contacting a niobium containing compound with a strong Bronsted acid, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, to produce niobium oxo sulfate or niobium oxo phosphate nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be separated, dried and utilized in a reactor for the hydration of olefins to their corresponding alcohols.

NOVEL MIXED OXIDE MATERIALS FOR THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN EXHAUST GASES

The invention relates to the use of mixed oxides made of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide as catalytically active materials for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia or a compound that can decompose to form ammonia in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines in motor vehicles that are predominantly leanly operated, and to compositions or catalysts which contain said mixed oxides in combination with zeolite compounds and/or zeolite-like compounds and are suitable for the denitrogenation of lean motor vehicle exhaust gases in all essential operating states. 1. A process for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides , comprising reducing nitrogen oxides with a catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide , niobium oxide , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed oxide is present in a catalytically active coating applied to a catalytically inert support body which together with the coating forms a catalyst.4. A catalytically active composition comprising (i) a mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide and (ii) a zeolite compound and/or a zeolite-like compound containing exchangeable cations selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , NH claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag and mixtures thereof.5. A catalyst comprising (i) a mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide and (ii) a zeolite compound and/or a zeolite-like compound containing exchangeable cations selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , NH claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag and mixtures thereof.6. The catalyst as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the zeolite compound and/or the zeolite-like compound is selected from the group ...

PHOTOCATALYST POWDER AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF

Disclosed herein are photocatalyst powder and a production method thereof, and by having photocatalyst particles corn binded without reduction of a specific surface area, the reduction of the specific surface area is nearly none while the pores are developed, as well as the absorption rate with respect to light is superior, the method of producing photocatalyst powder includes forming initial photocatalyst powder by molding nanoparticles of photocatalyst substance into a certain shape through extrusion, and splitting the initial photocatalyst powder into a plurality of photocatalyst powder by injecting the initial photocatalyst powder into a predetermined splitting solution, the initial photocatalyst powder being split into the plurality of photocatalyst powder by the predetermined spliting solution. 1. A method of producing photocatalyst powder , comprising:forming an initial photocatalyst powder by molding nanoparticles of photocatalyst substance into a certain shape through extrusion; andsplitting the initial photocatalyst powder into a plurality of photocatalyst powder by injecting the initial photocatalyst powder into a predetermined splitting solution, the initial photocatalyst powder being split into the plurality of photocatalyst powder by the predetermined splitting solution.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:calcining the split photocatalyst powder at a predetermined temperature and at a predetermined pressure; andsintering the calcinated photocatalyst powder at a predetermined temperature and at a predetermined pressure.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the predetermined splitting solution is at least one selected from the group comprising amorphous solution, colloidal solution, distilled water and solution having visible ray inducing substance being at least one selected from the group comprising K, Mn and Na.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the predetermined splitting solution comprises amorphous solution having same substance as the ...

Mixed Oxide Catalyst and a Process for the Production of Ethylenically Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids or Esters

The invention relates to a catalyst for the reaction of formaldehyde with a carboxylic acid or ester to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester, preferably α, β ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or ester. The catalyst includes a metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, Mand M, wherein Mis at least one metal selected from group 3 or 4 in the 4to 6periods of the periodic table, group 13 in the 3to 5periods of the periodic table, or the remaining elements in the lanthanide series and Mis at least one metal selected from group 5 in the 5or 6periods of the periodic table or group 15 in the 4or 5periods of the periodic table. The production includes reacting formaldehyde with a carboxylic acid or esterin the presence of the catalyst effective to catalyse the reaction. 1. A catalyst for the reaction of formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester to produce an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester , preferably α , β ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or ester , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations , Mand M , wherein Mis at least one metal selected from group 3 or 4 in the 4to 6periods of the periodic table , group 13 in the 3to 5periods of the periodic table , or the remaining elements in the lanthanide series (namely , scandium , yttrium , the lanthanide elements , titanium , zirconium , hafnium; aluminium , gallium , indium) and Mis at least one metal selected from group 5 in the 5or 6periods of the periodic table or group 15 in the 4or 5periods of the periodic table (namely , niobium , tantalum , arsenic and antimony) , wherein the ratio M: Mis in the range 10:1 to 1:10 , and wherein the metal oxide catalyst compound of the invention does not include other metal types above a level 0.1 mol % other than the types M , M , M , or M.2. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Mis selected from the 4-6periods of the periodic ...

Hydrogenation Catalysts with Cobalt-Modified Supports

The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid to ethanol. The catalyst comprises a precious metal and one or more active metals on a modified support that comprises cobalt.

CATALYST FOR REMOVING NITROGEN OXIDES FROM THE EXHAUST GAS OF DIESEL ENGINES

The invention relates to a catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines, and to a process for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of diesel engines. The catalyst consists of a support body of length L and of a catalytically active coating which in turn may be formed from one or more material zones. The material zones comprise selectively catalytically reductive (SCR-active) mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide. In addition, the material zones comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, mixed magnesium/aluminum oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof. Noble metal may optionally also be present in the catalyst. 1. A catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines , consisting of a support body of length L and a catalytically active coating composed of one or more material zones comprisinga) a catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide; andb) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, mixed magnesium/aluminum oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalytically active mixed oxide claim 1 , based on the total amount thereof claim 1 , has the following composition:{'sub': '2', 'CeO: 15-50% by wt.'}{'sub': 2', '5, 'NbO: 3-25% by wt.'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'REO: 3-10% by wt.'}{'sub ...

METHOD FOR TREATING A GAS CONTAINING NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX), IN WHICH A COMPOSITION COMPRISING CERIUM OXIDE AND NIOBIUM OXIDE IS USED AS A CATALYST

A method is described for treating a gas including nitrogen oxides (NO). The method can include conducting a reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxides with a nitrogen reducing agent. Further described, is a catalyst used for the reduction reaction which is a catalytic system including a composition based on cerium oxide and including niobium oxide in a proportion by a mass of from 2% to 20%. 1. A process for treating a gas comprising nitrogen oxides (NOx) , the method comprising conducting a reaction for reduction of the NOx with a nitrogenous reducing agent , wherein a catalytic system containing a composition comprised of cerium oxide and which further comprises niobium oxide , with the following mass proportions:niobium oxide from 2% to 20%;the remainder being cerium oxide, andwherein the composition is used as catalyst for the reduction reaction.2. The process as defined by claim 1 , wherein the composition comprised of cerium oxide of the abovementioned catalytic system also comprises zirconium oxide claim 1 , with the following mass proportions:cerium oxide at least 50%;niobium oxide from 2% to 20%; andzirconium oxide up to 48%.3. The process as defined by claim 2 , wherein the composition comprised of cerium oxide of the abovementioned catalytic system also comprises at least one oxide of an element M selected from the group consisting of tungsten claim 2 , molybdenum claim 2 , iron claim 2 , copper claim 2 , silicon claim 2 , aluminium claim 2 , manganese claim 2 , titanium claim 2 , vanadium and a rare-earth metal other than cerium claim 2 , with the following mass proportions:cerium oxide: at least 50%;niobium oxide: from 2% to 20%;oxide of the element M: up to 20%; andthe remainder being zirconium oxide.4. The process as defined by claim 1 , wherein the composition comprised of cerium oxide of the abovementioned catalytic system also comprises niobium oxide in a mass proportion of is between 3% and 15%.5. The process as defined by claim 2 , wherein the ...

COMPOSITION BASED ON OXIDES OF CERIUM, OF NIOBIUM AND, OPTIONALLY, OF ZIRCONIUM AND USE THEREOF IN CATALYSIS

A composition based on cerium and niobium oxide in a proportion of niobium oxide of 2% to 20% is described. This composition can include zirconium oxide, optionally 50% of cerium oxide, 2% to 20% of niobium oxide, and at most 48% of zirconium oxide. Also described, is the use of the composition for treating exhaust gases. 1. A composition comprising niobium oxide with the following proportions by weight:niobium oxide: from 2% to 20%; andthe remainder as cerium oxide.2. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises zirconium oxide with the following proportions by weight:cerium oxide: at least 50%;niobium oxide: from 2 to 20%; andzirconium oxide: up to 48%.3. The composition as defined by claim 2 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one oxide of an element M selected from the group consisting of tungsten claim 2 , molybdenum claim 2 , iron claim 2 , copper claim 2 , silicon claim 2 , aluminum claim 2 , manganese claim 2 , titanium claim 2 , vanadium and a rare earth metal other than cerium claim 2 , with the following proportions by weight:cerium oxide: at least 50%;niobium oxide: from 2 to 20%;oxide of the element M: up to 20%; andthe remainder as zirconium oxide.4. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein after calcination at 800° C. for 4 hours claim 1 , the composition exhibits an acidity of at least 6×10 claim 1 , this acidity being expressed in ml of ammonia per mof composition.5. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises niobium oxide in a proportion by weight of 3% to 15%.6. The composition as defined by claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises cerium oxide in a proportion by weight of at least 65% and niobium oxide in a proportion by weight of 2% to 12%.7. The composition as defined by claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises cerium oxide in a proportion by weight of at least 70%.8. The composition as defined by claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises niobium ...

Catalyst And Method For The Direct Synthesis Of Dimethyl Ether From Synthesis Gas

Catalysts and methods for their manufacture and use for the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas are disclosed. The catalysts comprise ZnO, CuO, ZrO 2 , alumina and one or more of boron oxide, tantalum oxide, phosphorus oxide and niobium oxide. The catalysts may also comprise ceria. The catalysts described herein are able to synthesize dimethyl ether directly from synthesis gas, including synthesis gas that is rich in carbon monoxide.

Novel Glycerol Dehydration Catalyst and Production Method Therefor

Provided is a novel catalyst that can produce acrolein and acrylic acid in high yields using glycerol as starting material. The disclosed glycerol dehydration catalyst has niobic oxide synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis as the main component. 1. A catalyst used in a production of acrolein and acrylic acid by dehydration reaction of glycerin , characterized by said catalyst comprises niobium oxide (NbO , in which Nb is niobium and x is any number) prepared by hydrothermal synthesis technique.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said niobium oxide (NbO) has each one diffraction peak at 2θ=22.6±0.3° and 2θ=46.1±0.3° respectively in the X-ray diffraction pattern (Cu—Kα claim 1 , λ=1.5418 nm).3. The catalyst of or claim 1 , wherein the said niobium oxide contains further tungsten and has following formula: WNbOx in which Nb is niobium claim 1 , b>0 claim 1 , x is a value determined by the oxidation numbers of Nb and W.4. The catalyst of any one of to claim 1 , represented by the following general formula (1):{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'x', '2, 'A(WNbO).nHO \u2003\u2003(1)'}in which A is at least one member selected from elements belonging to Group 1 to Group 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements and ammonium, W is tungsten, Nb is niobium, a≦0, b≦0, x is a number determined by oxidation numbers of the elements, and n is a any positive number.5. The catalyst of any one of to claim 1 , wherein said niobium oxide is added with at least one salt of elements belonging to Group 1 to Group 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements and ammonium.6. A method for preparing a catalyst used in a production of acrolein and acrylic acid by dehydration reaction of glycerin claim 1 , characterized in that said catalyst is prepared by oxidizing a niobium compound which is changed to an oxide under heat by hydrothermal synthesis technique.7. Use of the catalyst according to any one of to in a process for preparing acrolein and acrylic acid by catalytic dehydration of glycerin. This invention ...

COMPOSITION BASED ON ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND ON AT LEAST ONE OXIDE OF A RARE EARTH OTHER THAN CERIUM, HAVING A SPECIFIC POROSITY, PROCESSES FOR PREPARING SAME AND USE THEREOF IN CATALYSIS

A composition of zirconium oxide and at least one oxide of a rare earth other than cerium is described. The zirconium oxide has a weight proportion of at least 50% and, after calcination at a temperature of 900° C. for 4 hours, the composition exhibits two populations of pores of which their respective diameters are centered. The diameter of the first pore has a value of from 20 nm to 40 nm and in the second pore has a value of from 80 nm to 200 nm. Further described is how the composition can be used for treating the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. 1. A composition comprising zirconium oxide and at least one oxide of a rare earth other than cerium , in a weight proportion of zirconium oxide of at least 50% , wherein after calcination at a temperature of 900° C. for 4 hours , the composition exhibits , two populations of pores of which respective diameters are centered , for a first population , about a value of between 20 nm and 40 nm and , for a second population , about a value of between 80 nm and 200 nm.2. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the first population of pores is centered about a value of between 20 nm and 35 nm and the diameter of the second population of pores is centered about a value of between 80 nm and 150 nm.3. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein after calcination at a temperature of 900° C. for 4 hours claim 1 , it has a total pore volume of at least 1.3 ml Hg/g.4. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein after calcination at 1100° C. for 4 hours claim 1 , it exhibits a population of pores of which the diameter is centered about a value of between 30 nm and 70 nm.5. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein after calcination at 1100° C. for 4 hours claim 1 , it has a total pore volume of at least 0.9 ml Hg/g.6. The composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the composition based on oxides of at least two rare earths other than cerium.7. The composition as defined by claim 1 , ...

SYNTHESIS OF OXYGEN-MOBILITY ENHANCED CEO2 AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed are catalysts capable of catalyzing the dry reforming of methane. The catalysts have a core-shell structure with the shell surrounding the core. The shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase. An active metal(s) is deposited on the surface of the shell. 1. A catalyst capable of catalyzing a dry reformation of methane reaction , the catalyst comprising a core-shell structure having:a metal oxide core, a clay core, or a zeolite core;a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase; andan active metal deposited on the surface of the shell.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the redox-metal oxide phase is cerium oxide (CeO) and the metal dopant is niobium (Nb) claim 1 , indium (In) claim 1 , or lanthanum (La) claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is an alkaline earth metal aluminate core selected from aluminate claim 2 , magnesium aluminate claim 2 , calcium aluminate claim 2 , strontium aluminate claim 2 , barium aluminate claim 2 , or any combination thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the alkaline earth metal aluminate core is magnesium aluminate.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , comprising:65 wt. % to 85 wt. % magnesium aluminate;10 wt. % to 20 wt. % cerium oxide; and5 wt. % to 10 wt. % nickel.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of niobium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.7. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of indium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.8. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of lanthanum incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.9. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is AlO.10. The ...

Carbon supported catalyst comprising a modifier and process for preparing the carbon supported catalyst

The invention is related to a carbon supported catalyst comprising a carbon-comprising support with a BET surface area in a range from 400 m 2 /g to 2000 m 2 /g, a modifier comprising at least one mixed metal oxide, comprising niobium and titanium, and/or a mixture, comprising niobium oxide and titanium oxide, a catalytically active metal compound, wherein the catalytically active metal compound is platinum or an alloy comprising platinum and a second metal or an intermetallic compound comprising platinum and a second metal, the second metal being selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper, palladium, gold, ruthenium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, niobium, iron, vanadium and titanium. The invention is further related to a process for preparing the carbon supported catalyst.

Catalyst for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, method and application thereof

The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

COMPOSITION BASED ON OXIDES OF CERIUM, OF NIOBIUM AND, OPTIONALLY, OF ZIRCONIUM AND USE THEREOF IN CATALYSIS

A composition based on cerium and niobium oxide in a proportion of niobium oxide of 2% to 20% is described. This composition can include zirconium oxide, optionally 50% of cerium oxide, 2% to 20% of niobium oxide, and at most 48% of zirconium oxide. Also described, is the use of the composition for treating exhaust gases. 1. A composition comprising niobium oxide with the following proportions by weight:niobium oxide: from 2% to 20%; andthe remainder as cerium oxide.2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises zirconium oxide with the following proportions by weight:cerium oxide: at least 50%;niobium oxide: from 2% to 20%; andzirconium oxide: up to 48%.3. The composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one oxide of an element M selected from the group consisting of tungsten claim 2 , molybdenum claim 2 , iron claim 2 , copper claim 2 , silicon claim 2 , aluminum claim 2 , manganese claim 2 , titanium claim 2 , vanadium and a rare earth metal other than cerium claim 2 , with the following proportions by weight:cerium oxide: at least 50%;niobium oxide: from 2% to 20%;oxide of the element M: up to 20%; andthe remainder as zirconium oxide.4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein after calcination at 800° C. for 4 hours claim 1 , the composition exhibits an acidity of at least 6×10this acidity being expressed in ml of ammonia per mof composition.5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises niobium oxide in a proportion by weight of between 3% and 15%.6. The composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises cerium oxide in a proportion by weight of at least 65% and niobium oxide in a proportion by weight between 2% and 12%.7. The composition as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises cerium oxide in a proportion by weight of at least 70%.8. The composition as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises ...

CATALYSTS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING RECYCLED POLYESTER

The present invention describes the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts of mixed oxides based upon niobium and mixed oxides of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and/or aluminum, originating from hydrotalcites (HTs) as precursor phase of heterogeneous catalysts, and application thereof in the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for the production of metal free bis(hydroxy)ethylene (BHET) monomers and oligomers having a processing performance similar to that of the homogeneous catalysis system. 2. A catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising the following general formulas:{'sub': 0.2', '4', '0.5', '4', '0.2', '0.5', '0.2', '4', '0.2', '4, 'NiAlNH, NiAlNH, NiAlNa, NiAlNa, NiMn(1:2)AlNHand NiMn(2:1)AlNH, wherein the proportion in brackets refers to the molar ratio between the metals.'}3. A catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising the following general formulas:{'sub': 0.8', '0.2', '2', '3', '0.1', '2, 'sup': '2−', 'CoAl(OH)(CO).mHO, for the CoAl catalysts,'}{'sub': 0.54', '0.26', '0.2', '2', '3', '0.1', '2, 'sup': '2−', 'CoMnAl(OH)(CO).mHO, for the CoMnAl catalysts,'}{'sub': 0.8', '0.2', '2', '3', '0.1', '2, 'sup': '2−', 'CoFe(OH)(CO).mHO, for the CoFe catalysts,'}wherein x=0.20 and m=1−(3/2)x+0.125.4. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the variable pH or the fixed pH is controlled by the rate of addition of the solutions of metals and of (NH)COand NHOH claim 1 , wherein the pH lies in the range between 5 and 11.5. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein NH and Na are combined with the anion of compensation (CO)in the form (NH)(CO) and Na(CO) claim 1 , respectively.6. A catalyst for the obtainment of recycled polyester claim 1 , comprising the following general formula:{'br': None, 'sub': x', '(x-y)', 'x, 'NbNaZnO\u2003\u2003(IX),'}wherein x, y and z=x=3 to 5.7. A catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the quantity of ZnO in the formulation varies between 10 and 70% claim 6 , preferentially between 20 and 60% of ZnO.8. A process of ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FORMING CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES, AND RELATED CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES

A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprises forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material. At least one mounted nanocatalyst is formed on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure. A catalytic assembly and system for producing a catalytic assembly are also described. 1. A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprising:forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material; andforming at least one mounted nanocatalyst on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a support structure comprises forming nested structures each comprising at least one catalyst-containing surface comprising the at least one catalyst material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming greater than or equal to two structures in a nested relationship.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to comprise a hollow and elongated structure.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to be substantially concentrically aligned relative to each other of the nested structures.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming at least one of the nested structures to exhibit at least one of a longitudinal axis offset from that of the support structure and a lateral axis offset from that of the support structure.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming the support structure to comprise chambers substantially isolated from one another by the nested structures.8. The method of claim 2 ...

Method for producing butadiene from ethanol with optimised in situ regeneration of the catalyst of the second reaction step

The present invention relates to a process for producing butadiene from ethanol, in two reaction steps, comprising a step a) of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde and a step b) of conversion into butadiene, said step b) simultaneously implementing a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being equal to 4 or a multiple thereof, comprising a catalyst, said regeneration step comprising four successive regeneration phases, said step b) also implementing three regeneration loops.

Surface-treated metal and method for producing same

This surface-treated metal includes a metal, and a coated material that is formed on a surface of the metal, in which an outermost layer of the coated material is a photocatalytic film that contains particles showing photocatalytic activity and an organic-inorganic composite resin, a volume ratio of the particles showing photocatalytic activity to the photocatalytic film is in a range from 0.5 vol % to 50 vol %, the organic-inorganic composite resin contains a siloxane bond and at least one group selected from the group consisting of an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the coated material has concaves on a surface thereof on the outermost layer side, an area of the outermost layer is 50% to 98% of an area of a surface of the metal when the coated material is seen in a plan view, and a surface area of the outermost layer is 101% to 5000% of the area of the surface of the metal.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BUTADIENE FROM ETHANOL WITH IN SITU REGENERATION OF THE CATALYST OF THE SECOND REACTION STEP

The present invention relates to a process for producing butadiene from ethanol, in two reaction steps, comprising a step a) of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde and a step b) of conversion into butadiene, said step b) simultaneously implementing a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being equal to 2 or a multiple thereof, comprising a catalyst, said regeneration step comprising four successive regeneration phases, said step b) also implementing a regeneration loop for the inert gas and at least one regeneration loop for the gas streams comprising oxygen. 1. A process for producing butadiene from ethanol , comprising at least the following steps:a) a step of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde, to produce an ethanol/acetaldehyde effluent, comprising at least one reaction section (A) fed with a stream comprising ethanol and operated in the presence of a catalyst (Ca);b) a butadiene conversion step comprising at least one reaction-regenerative section in which are simultaneously performed a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being an integer equal to 2 or a multiple thereof, said (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors each comprising at least one fixed bed of a catalyst (Cb), said (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors functioning in parallel and in sequence so that said reaction step starts in each of said reactors with a time shift equal to half of the catalytic cycle time of said catalyst (Cb), said reaction-regenerative section comprising a regeneration loop for inert gas and at least one regeneration loop for a gas stream comprising oxygen, and so that, at each instant:b1) said reaction step is operated in n of said fixed-bed reactors, n being an integer equal to 2 or a multiple thereof, fed at least with a fraction of said ethanol/acetaldehyde effluent obtained from step a), at a temperature of between 300 and 400° C., at a pressure of between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa, for a time equal to the catalytic cycle time of said ...

AGGLOMERATED ODH CATALYST

Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts for converting lower paraffins to alkenes such as ethane to ethylene when prepared as an agglomeration, for example extruded with supports comprising slurries of NbO. 2. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 1 , having a cumulative surface area less than 10 m/g as measured by BET and comprising less than 35 wt % of an non-antagonistic binder.3. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 2 , having a cumulative pore volume from 0.020 to 0.20 cm3/g.4. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 2 , having a pore size distribution less than 40% having pore width size less than 200 Angstroms.5. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 2 , having a percent pore area distribution less than 30% and corresponding percentage of pore volume less than 10%.6. The agglomerated catalyst according to in the shape of a sphere claim 2 , rod claim 2 , ring claim 2 , or a saddle having a size from about 1.3 mm to 5 mm.7. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the NbOhydrate is acidified.8. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the NbOhydrate is treated with a base.9. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 8 , in the shape of rods having an aspect ratio from 1 to 5/1.3 having a crush strength up to 110 N/mm.10. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 8 , in the shape of spheres having a crush strength up to 110 N/mm.11. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the NbOhydrate is present in an amount less than 15 wt %.12. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the NbOhydrate is present in an amount greater than 15 wt %.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein in step v) the particles are calcined at a temperature of less than 350° C.20. The process according 19 claim 18 , further comprising spheroidizing rod shaped agglomerated particles at a temperature up to 300° C. and then further calcining the resulting spheres at temperatures up to 600° C.21. ...

Oxygen storage material without rare earth metals

The present disclosure relates to an enhanced oxygen storage material (OSM) that may be converted into powder form and used as a raw material for a vast number of applications, and more particularly in catalyst systems. The disclosed OSM, substantially free from PGM and rare earth (RE) metals, has significantly higher oxygen storage capacity (OSC) than conventional OSM including PGM and RE metals. The disclosed OSM may be converted into powder, including a formulation of Cu—Mn spinel structure deposited on Nb—Zr oxide support. The disclosed OSM may also be coated onto a ceramic substrate as washcoat layer for characterization under OSC isothermal oscillating condition. The disclosed OSM may have an optimal OSC property that increases with the temperature, showing acceptable level of Ostorage even at low temperatures. 1. A catalyst system , comprising:a substrate; andat least one oxygen storage material that is substantially free of platinum group metals;{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '5', '2, 'wherein the at least one oxygen storage material comprises at least one of CuMnO, NbO—ZrO, and combinations thereof.'}2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the CuMnOis in a spinel phase.3. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the NbO—ZrOcomprises about 15% to about 30% by weight of NbO.4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the NbO—ZrOcomprises about 25% by weight of NbO.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the NbO—ZrOcomprises about 70% to about 85% by weight of ZrO.6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the NbO—ZrOcomprises about 75% by weight of ZrO.7. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oxygen storage material is deposited on the substrate at about 120 g/L.8. The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel structure comprises about 10 g/L to about 15 g/L of Cu.9. The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel structure comprises about 20 g/L to about 25 g/L of Mn.10. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Stable Support For Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst

A process has been developed for preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst precursor and a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst made from the precursor. The process includes contacting a gamma alumina catalyst support material with a first solution containing a compound containing an element selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb) and mixtures thereof to obtain a modified catalyst support material. The modified catalyst support material is calcined at a temperature of at least 700° C. The calcined modified catalyst support has a pore volume of at least 0.4 cc/g. The modified catalyst support is less soluble in acid solutions than an equivalent unmodified catalyst support. The modified catalyst support is contacted with a second solution which includes a precursor compound of an active cobalt catalyst component to obtain a catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is reduced to activate the catalyst precursor to obtain the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. The catalyst has enhanced hydrothermal stability as measured by losing no more than 25% of its pore volume when exposed to water vapor. 1. A process for preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst precursor , the process comprising:a. contacting a gamma alumina catalyst support material with a first solution comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of yttrium, niobium, molybdenum, tin, antimony and mixtures thereof to form a composite support material;b. calcining the composite support material at a temperature of at least 700° C. to form a modified composite support having a pore volume of at least 0.4 cc/g; wherein the modified catalyst support loses no more than 30% of its pore volume when exposed to water vapor; andc. contacting the modified composite support with a second solution comprising a precursor compound of an active catalyst component comprising cobalt to obtain a catalyst precursor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 1. A dehydration catalyst consisting essentially of one or more amorphous phosphate salts; wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts consist essentially of one or more monovalent cations , and one or more phosphate anions selected from the group represented by empirical formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': 2(1-x)', '(4-x), 'sup': '−', '[HPO]\u2003\u2003(I);'}wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts of said dehydration catalyst are neutrally charged.2. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The dehydration catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts is KHPO; and wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1.4. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts are selected from the group represented by empirical formula (Ib):{'br': None, 'sub': w', '(1-w)', '2(1-x)', '(4-x), 'sup': I', 'I, 'MNHPO\u2003\u2003(Ib);'}{'sup': I', 'I, 'wherein Mand Nare two different monovalent cations; wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein w is any real number greater than 0 and less than 1.'}5. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.6. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group ...

Thermally Stable Compositions of OSM Free of Rare Earth Metals

The effect of aging temperature on oxygen storage materials (OSM) substantially free from platinum group (PGM) and rare earth (RE) metals is disclosed. Samples of ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM, hydrothermally aged at a plurality of high temperatures are found to have significantly high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and phase stability than conventional PGM catalysts with Ce-based OSM. ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM includes a formulation of Cu—Mn stoichiometric spinel structure deposited on Nb—Zr oxide support and may be converted into powder to be used as OSM application or coated onto catalyst substrate. ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM, after aging condition, presents enhanced level of thermal stability and OSC property which shows improved catalytic activity than conventional PGM catalysts including Ce-based OSM. ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM may be suitable for a vast number of applications, and more particularly in underfloor catalyst systems. 1. A catalytic composition , comprising:an oxygen storage material, comprising Cu—Mn spinel.2. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage material is substantially free of platinum group metals.3. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage material is substantially free of rare earth metals metals.4. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel has a structure has the formula CuMnO.5. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel comprises about 10 g/L to about 15 g/L of Cu.6. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the Cu—Mn structure comprises about 20 g/L to about 25 g/L of Mn.7. A catalytic composition claim 1 , comprising:an oxygen storage material, comprising Cu—Mn spinel with Niobium-Zirconia support oxide.8. The catalytic composition of claim 7 , wherein the oxygen storage material is substantially free of platinum group metals.9. The catalytic composition of claim 7 , wherein the oxygen storage material is substantially free of rare earth metals metals.10. The ...

Methods and Processes of Coating Zero-PGM Catalysts including with Cu, Mn, Fe for TWC Applications

Variations of coating processes of Cu—Mn—Fe ZPGM catalyst materials for TWC applications are disclosed. The disclosed coating processes for Cu—Mn—Fe spinel materials are enabled in the preparation ZPGM catalyst samples according to a plurality of catalyst configurations, which may include an alumina only washcoat layer coated on a suitable ceramic substrate, and an overcoat layer with or without an impregnation layer, including Cu—Mn—Fe spinel and doped Zirconia support oxide, prepared according to variations of disclosed coating processes. Activity measurements are considered under variety of lean condition to rich condition to analyze the influence of disclosed coating processes on TWC performance of ZPGM catalysts for a plurality of TWC applications. Different coating processes may substantially increase thermal stability and TWC activity, providing improved levels of NOconversion that may lead to cost effective manufacturing solutions for ZPGM-TWC systems. 1. A process for making a catalytic system , comprising:providing a substrate;applying a washcoat to said substrate, wherein the substrate comprises alumina;{'sub': '2', 'applying an overcoat to said washcoat, said overcoat comprising at least one support oxide comprising doped ZrO;'}applying to said overcoat at least one layer of Cu—Mn spinel; andwherein the at least one catalyst is substantially free of platinum group metals; and{'sub': 2', '2', '5', '2, 'wherein the doped ZrOcomprises NbO-ZrO.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel has a general formula of CuMnFeO claim 1 , where x less than 0.9 and greater than 0.1.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein x is 0.5.4. The process of ; wherein the conversion of NOis greater than 49%.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel is impregnated.6. The process of ; wherein the conversion of NOis greater than 89%.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the stability of the catalytic system has increased stability.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein ...

CATALYSTS AND RELATED METHODS FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF H2O2 AND THERMOCATALYTIC REACTANT OXIDATION

Catalysts, catalytic systems and related synthetic methods for in situ production of HOand use thereof in reaction with oxidizable substrates. 134-. (canceled)36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the proton donor is an alcohol.37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the proton donor is a linear alkene.38. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal moieties comprise V claim 35 , Ti claim 35 , Cr claim 35 , Mn claim 35 , Co claim 35 , Cu claim 35 , Zn claim 35 , Mo claim 35 , Nb claim 35 , Ta claim 35 , W claim 35 , Os claim 35 , Re claim 35 , Ir claim 35 , Sn claim 35 , or a combination thereof.39. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal moieties comprise Ti.40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the alkene is propylene claim 39 , and the oxidation product is propylene oxide.41. The method of claim 36 , wherein the alcohol is isopropanol.42. The method of claim 41 , wherein the photocatalytic oxidation of the isopropanol produces acetone.43. The method of claim 42 , further comprising hydrogenating the acetone to regenerate the isopropanol.44. The method of claim 35 , wherein the oxidation reaction is an epoxidation reaction.45. The method of claim 44 , wherein the alkene is a cycloalkene.46. The method of claim 45 , wherein the cycloalkene is cyclooctene.47. The method of claim 45 , wherein the proton donor is an alcohol48. The method of claim 35 , wherein the irradiation is intermittent. The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/073,892 filed Mar. 18, 2016, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference; which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/136,073, filed on Mar. 20, 2015, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.This invention was made with government support under DE-SC0006718 awarded by the Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention.Approximately 3.5 million metric tons of hydrogen ...

CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE WITH LOW FEED TEMPERATURES

A catalytic material for oxidative coupling of methane includes: a catalyst with the formula ABCO, wherein: A is selected from alkaline earth metals; B and C are selected from rare earth metals, and wherein B and C are different rare earth metals; and the oxide of at least A, B, and C has basic, redox, or both basic and redox properties, and wherein the elements A, B, and C are selected to create a synergistic effect whereby the catalytic material provides an oxygen conversion of greater than or equal to 50% and a C selectivity of greater than or equal to 70%, and wherein the catalyst provides the oxygen conversion and selectivity at a temperature of 797° F. (425° C.) or greater. The catalyst can be used in an oxidative coupling of methane reactor at lower feed temperatures compared to other catalysts. 1. A catalytic material for oxidative coupling of methane comprising:{'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'x, 'claim-text': A is selected from alkaline earth metals;', 'B and C are selected from rare earth metals, and wherein', 'B and C are different rare earth metals; and', {'sub': '2', 'sup': '+', 'the oxide of at least A, B, and C has basic, redox, or both basic and redox properties, and wherein the elements A, B, and C are selected to create a synergistic effect whereby the catalytic material provides an oxygen conversion of greater than or equal to 50% and a C selectivity of greater than or equal to 70%, and wherein the catalyst provides the oxygen conversion and selectivity at a temperature of 797° F. (425° C.) or greater.'}], 'a catalyst with the formula ABCO, wherein2. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is thermally stable at a temperature of 797° F. (425° C.) or greater.3. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is thermally stable at a temperature in the range of about 797° F. (425° C.) to about 2 claim 1 ,372° F. (1 claim 1 ,300° C.).4. The catalytic material according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst provides ...

METAL OXIDE CATALYST SYSTEMS FOR CONVERSION OF ETHANOL TO BUTADIENE

A process includes reacting a feed stream containing ethanol and optionally acetaldehyde in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system having a Group 4 or Group 5 metal oxide and a support. The process includes obtaining a product stream containing butadiene from the dehydration reactor. Another process includes reacting a feed stream containing ethanol and optionally acetaldehyde in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system containing a tungsten oxide supported on a zeolite or a tantalum oxide supported on a zeolite. The process includes obtaining a product stream containing butadiene from the dehydration reactor. 1. A process comprising:reacting a feed stream comprising ethanol in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system comprising a Group 5 metal oxide and a zeolite support; andobtaining a product stream comprising butadiene from the dehydration reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream further comprises acetaldehyde.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system contains a Group 5 metal oxide that comprises a niobium metal oxide or a tantalum metal oxide.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises a bimetallic catalyst system containing only two metal oxides claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the two metal oxides comprises a Group 4 metal oxide or a Group 5 metal oxide.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises a trimetallic catalyst system containing only three metal oxides claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the three metal oxides comprises a Group 4 metal oxide or a Group 5 metal oxide.8. The process of claim 1 , the dehydration catalyst system comprises a niobium-rhenium oxide (NbO—ReO) or a tantalum oxide (TaO) claim 1 ,9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises NbO—ReO or TaO.10. The process of claim ...

Oxidation catalyst preparation

A method for producing a catalyst by contacting a starting mixed metal oxide catalyst with an aqueous solution comprising oxalic acid and a metal oxide precursor to form a post-treated mixed metal oxide catalyst.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL OXIDE PARTICLES

Disclosed is a method for producing metal oxide particles having high crystallinity and a small primary particle diameter. The method for producing the metal oxide particles according to the present invention comprises: a step of providing an aqueous dispersion comprising a water-soluble transition metal complex and water-dispersible organic polymer particles, wherein the water-soluble transition metal complex comprises one transition metal ion selected from a titanium ion, a tantalum ion, and a niobium ion; as well as a hydrophobic complexing agent and a hydrophilic complexing agent both being coordinated with the transition metal ion; drying the aqueous dispersion to produce a dried body; and firing the dried body. 1. A method for producing metal oxide particles , comprising steps of:providing an aqueous dispersion comprising a water-soluble transition metal complex and water-dispersible organic polymer particles, wherein the water-soluble transition metal complex comprises one transition metal ion selected from the group consisting of a titanium ion, a tantalum ion, and a niobium ion; as well as a hydrophobic complexing agent and a hydrophilic complexing agent both being coordinated with the transition metal ion;drying the aqueous dispersion to produce a dried body; andfiring the dried body.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic complexing agent is a diketone compound.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the diketone compound is a diketone compound represented by the following general formula (1):{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2', '2, 'Z—CO—CH—CO—Z\u2003\u2003(1)'}{'sub': 1', '2, 'wherein Zand Zeach represents independently an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.'}4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the diketone compound represented by the general formula (1) is acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic compound is a carboxylic acid.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the ...

Shaped catalyst particle

The invention concerns particles which may include a catalytically active component, in the form of a three-dimensional ellipsoidal shape having three major axes at least two of which axes are of different lengths. Beds of such particles are useful for forming particle beds through which a fluid may flow.

AGGLOMERATED ODH CATALYST

Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts for converting lower paraffins to alkenes such as ethane to ethylene when prepared as an agglomeration, for example extruded with supports comprising slurries of NbO. 127-. (canceled)28. An agglomerated catalyst , wherein the agglomerated catalyst is prepared from at least: [{'br': None, 'sub': 1.0', '0.12-0.49', '0.6-0.16', '0.15-0.20', 'd, 'MoVTeNbO'}, 'wherein d is a number to satisfy the valence of the oxide; and, '10 wt. % to 95 wt. % of a catalyst active phase of the formula{'sub': 2', '5, '5 wt. % to 90 wt. % of NbOhydrate.'}29. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 28 , further comprising up to 80 wt. % of a non-antagonistic binder.30. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 29 , wherein the non-antagonistic binder is chosen from oxides of aluminum claim 29 , titanium claim 29 , and zirconium.31. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 30 , wherein the non-antagonistic binder is present in the amount of 35 wt. % to 65 wt. % based on the weight of the agglomerated catalyst and the agglomerated catalyst has a surface area up to 250 m/g.32. The agglomerated catalyst according to 30 claim 30 , wherein the oxide of aluminum is Boehmite (Al(O)OH).33. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 30 , wherein the non-antagonistic binder is an oxide of titanium.34. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 30 , wherein the non-antagonistic binder is an oxide of zirconium.35. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 28 , having a cumulative surface area less than 10 m/g as measured by BET and comprising less than 35 wt % of a non-antagonistic binder.36. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 35 , having a cumulative pore volume from 0.020 to 0.20 cm/g.37. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 35 , having a pore size distribution less than 40% and having a pore width size less than 200 Angstroms.38. The agglomerated catalyst according to claim 35 , having a percent pore area distribution less than ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 1. A method of making acrylic acid , acrylic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof comprising contacting the following compositions:a) hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof;b) water vapor; and '(a) wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts consist essentially of:', 'c) a dehydration catalyst consisting essentially of one or more amorphous phosphate salts, one or more crystalline phosphate salts, and one or more non-phosphate salts; wherein said one or more crystalline phosphate salts and said one or more non-phosphate salts are substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts;'}i) one or more monovalent cations, and {'br': None, 'sub': 2(1−x)', '(4−x), 'sup': '−', '[HPO]\u2003\u2003(I);'}, 'ii) one or more phosphate anions selected from the group represented by empirical formula (I)wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts are neutrally charged; '(b) wherein said one or more crystalline phosphate salts consist essentially of:', 'or any hydrated form of said one or more amorphous phosphate salts, and mixtures thereof;'}i) one or more polyvalent cations, and {'br': None, 'i': 'c', 'sub': (f−2g−h)', 'f', '(4f−g), 'sup': '(2f+h)−', '() [HPO]\u2003\u2003(II);'}, 'ii) one or more phosphate anions selected from the group represented by molecular formula (II) (d) or any hydrated form of said one or more crystalline phosphate salts, and mixtures thereof;', '(e) wherein said one or more non-phosphate salts consist essentially of:, 'wherein f is a positive integer; wherein g is a positive integer or zero; wherein h is an integer; wherein (f−2g−h) is ...

DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYST WITH MINIMAL PLATINUM GROUP METAL CONTENT

The present disclosure describes a diesel oxidation catalyst, including a metal oxide including a metal on a metal oxide surface, and less than 10 g/ftby weight of Pt or Pd, wherein the diesel oxidation catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons of a diesel exhaust to carbon dioxide and water. 1. A diesel oxidation catalyst , comprising:{'sup': '3', 'a metal oxide comprising a metal element on a metal oxide surface, and less than 10 g/ftby weight of Pt or Pd, wherein the diesel oxidation catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons of a diesel exhaust to carbon dioxide and water.'}2. The diesel oxidation catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal element is selected from Nb claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , W claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , and Re.3. The diesel oxidation catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal element is present in the diesel oxidation catalyst in an amount of from 0.001 to 40% by weight.4. The diesel oxidation catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises less than 5 g/ftby weight of Pt or Pd.5. The diesel oxidation catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises less than 0.001 g/ftby weight of Pt or Pd.6. The diesel oxidation catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from cerium oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , zirconium oxide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , silicon oxide claim 1 , hafnium oxide claim 1 , vanadium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , tantalum oxide claim 1 , chromium oxide claim 1 , molybdenum oxide claim 1 , tungsten oxide claim 1 , ruthenium oxide claim 1 , rhodium oxide claim 1 , iridium oxide claim 1 , nickel oxide claim 1 , lanthanum oxide claim 1 , ...

SURFACE-MODIFIED CATALYST PRECURSORS FOR DIESEL ENGINE AFTERTREATMENT APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure features a method of making an engine aftertreatment catalyst, where the engine aftertreatment catalyst includes a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or vanadium oxide when the metal oxide is different from vanadium oxide, each of which can be independently surface-modified with a surface modifier. The method includes providing a solution including an organic solvent and an organometallic compound; mixing the solution with a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or a vanadium oxide to provide a mixture; drying the mixture; and calcining the mixture to provide a surface-modified metal oxide catalyst, a surface-modified metal zeolite catalyst, and/or a surface-modified vanadium oxide catalyst. The organometallic compound can be, for example, a metal alkoxide, a metal carboxylate, a metal acetylacetonate, and/or a metal organic acid ester. 1. A method of making an engine aftertreatment catalyst , comprising:providing a solution comprising an organic solvent and an organometallic compound selected from a metal alkoxide, a metal carboxylate, a metal acetylacetonate, a metal organic acid ester, and a combination thereof;mixing the solution with a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, or both a metal oxide and a metal zeolite to provide a mixture, immediately followed by drying the mixture to remove the organic solvent;calcining the mixture to provide a surface-modified metal oxide catalyst; andincorporating the surface-modified metal oxide catalyst into an engine aftertreatment system.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organometallic compound is sparingly soluble in water claim 1 , insoluble in water claim 1 , or decomposes in water.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organometallic compound comprises an element selected from Nb claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , ...

Bimetallic Synergized PGM Catalyst Systems for TWC Application

Bimetallic Synergized Platinum Group Metals (SPGM) catalyst systems for TWC application are disclosed. Disclosed bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems may include a washcoat with a Cu—Mn spinel structure and an overcoat that includes PGMs, such as Pd/Rh or Pt/Rh supported on carrier material oxides, such as alumina. Bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems show significant improvement in nitrogen oxide reduction performance under lean operating conditions, which allows a reduced consumption of fuel. Additionally, disclosed bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems exhibit enhanced catalytic activity for carbon monoxide conversion. Furthermore, bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems are found to have enhanced catalytic activity for fresh, hydrothermally aged and fuel cut aged conditions compared to PGM catalyst system, showing that there is a synergistic effect between PGM catalyst and Cu—Mn spinel within the disclosed SPGM catalyst system which help in performance and thermal stability of disclosed SPGM catalyst systems. 1. A bimetallic synergized platinum group metals (SPGM) catalyst system comprising:a) an overcoat comprising a bimetallic PGM catalyst;{'sub': '2', 'b) a washcoat comprising a CU—Mn spinel supported on doped ZrOsupport oxide; and'}c) a substrate.2. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a ceramic material.3. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the bimetallic PGM catalyst is supported on a carrier material oxide.4. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 3 , wherein the carrier material oxide is AlO.5. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the bimetallic PGM catalyst is palladium/rhodium or platinum/rhodium.6. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the bimetallic PGM catalyst comprises about 0.5 g/ftof each metal.7. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the doped ZrOsupport oxide is NbO—ZrO.8. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the Cu ...

BIOTEMPLATED PEROVSKITE NANOMATERIALS

A biotemplated nanomaterial can include a crystalline perovskite. 129-. (canceled)30. A method of making a perovskite nanomaterial comprising:combining an aqueous solution of a biotemplate having affinity for a metal ion and an inorganic precursor of a perovskite material to form an aqueous mixture, andreacting the inorganic precursor and the biotemplate to form the perovskite nanomaterial,wherein the perovskite comprises strontium titanate, bismuth ferrite, sodium tantalate, zirconium oxide/tantalum oxynitride, zirconium tantalum oxynitride, tantalum oxynitride, or zirconium tantalum nitride.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the biotemplate includes a virus particle.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the virus particle is an M13 bacteriophage.33. The method of claim 30 , wherein the inorganic precursor comprises a first inorganic ion and a second inorganic ion.34. The method of claim 33 , further comprising forming an ion source including the first inorganic ion and the second inorganic ion before forming the aqueous mixture.35. The method of claim 33 , further comprising adjusting the pH of the aqueous mixture and incubating the aqueous mixture for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature.36. The method of claim 33 , further comprising incubating the aqueous mixture and then calcining the reaction products.37. A method of making a perovskite nanomaterial comprising:combining an aqueous solution of a biotemplate having affinity for a metal ion and an inorganic precursor of a perovskite material to form an aqueous mixture, andreacting the inorganic precursor and the biotemplate to form the perovskite nanomaterial, {'br': None, 'sub': x', '1-x', 'y', '1-y', '3±δ, 'AA′BB′O\u2003\u2003(I)'}, 'wherein the perovskite has the formula (I)whereineach of A and A′, independently, are selected from the group consisting of Mg, Pb, and Bi;each of B and B′, independently, are selected from the group consisting of Zr, V, Nb, Mn, Fe, Ru, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Al, and Mg;x ...

Catalyst and use of same

A catalyst comprising: a titanium oxide having an anatase-type crystal structure, and having the vertices and the ridge lines, wherein in a single titanium oxide particle, a vertex density per unit surface area is 8.0×10−4 nm−2 or more, and a ridge line density per unit surface area is 5.0×10−2 nm or more, or a ridge line density per unit volume is 8.0×10−3 nm−2 or more. A complex comprising: a material having a porous structure; and said catalyst. A membrane electrode assembly comprising: an anode; cathode; and an electrolyte membrane, wherein the cathode carries said catalyst on at least a surface of the cathode.

Hydrothermal performance of catalyst supports

A high surface area catalyst with a mesoporous support structure and a thin conformal coating over the surface of the support structure. The high surface area catalyst support is adapted for carrying out a reaction in a reaction environment where the thin conformal coating protects the support structure within the reaction environment. In various embodiments, the support structure is a mesoporous silica catalytic support and the thin conformal coating comprises a layer of metal oxide resistant to the reaction environment which may be a hydrothermal environment.

Hydrogenation Catalysts with Cobalt-Modified Supports

The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid to ethanol. The catalyst comprises a precious metal and one or more active metals on a modified support that comprises cobalt.

Methods and catalysts for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oil

Embodiments of methods and catalysts for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The method comprises the step of contacting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first predetermined hydroprocessing conditions to form a first low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent. The first deoxygenating catalyst comprises a neutral catalyst support, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum. The first deoxygenating catalyst comprises nickel in an amount calculated as an oxide of from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt. %.

Synergized PGM Catalyst Systems Including Rhodium for TWC Application

Synergized Platinum Group Metals (SPGM) catalyst system for TWC application is disclosed. Disclosed SPGM catalyst system may include a washcoat that includes Cu—Mn spinel structure, supported on doped ZrO, and an overcoat that includes PGM, such as Rhodium (Rh) supported on carrier material oxides, such as alumina. SPGM catalyst system shows significant improvement in nitrogen oxide reduction performance under lean and also rich operating conditions. Furthermore, disclosed SPGM catalyst systems are found to have enhanced fresh and aged catalytic activity compared to PGM catalyst system, showing that there is a synergistic effect between PGM catalyst, such as Rh, and Cu—Mn spinel within disclosed SPGM catalyst system, which help in activity and thermal stability of disclosed SPGM catalyst. 1. A synergized platinum group metals (SPGM) catalyst system comprising:a) an overcoat comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) catalyst comprising rhodium supported on a carrier material oxide;b) a washcoat comprising a Cu—Mn spinel supported on a support oxide; andc) a substrate.2. The SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is ceramic.3. The SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the carrier oxide material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 1 , doped aluminum oxide claim 1 , zirconium oxide claim 1 , doped zirconia claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , tin oxide claim 1 , silicon dioxide claim 1 , zeolite claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the carrier material oxide is aluminum oxide.5. The SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel is according to the formula CuMnO.6. The SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel is CuMnO.7. The SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the support oxide is a doped ZrOsupport oxide.8. The SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the doped ZrOsupport oxide is a Niobium-zirconia support oxide.9. The SPGM catalyst system of ...

HIGHLY DISPERSED METAL SUPPORTED OXIDE AS NH3-SCR CATALYST AND SYNTHESIS PROCESSES

A process for preparing a catalyst material, includes: (a) providing a support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups, the support material is ceria (CeO), zirconia (ZrO) or a combination, and the support material contains between 0.3 and 2.0 mmol OH groups/g of the support material; (b) reacting the support material with at least one of: (b1) a compound containing at least one alkoxy or phenoxy group bound though its oxygen atom to a metal element from Group 5 (V, Nb, Ta) or Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W); (b2) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element from Group 5 or 6; (b3) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element which is copper (Cu); and (c) calcining the product obtained in step (b). 1. A process for preparing a catalyst material , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2, '(a) providing a support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups, wherein the support material is ceria (CeO), zirconia (ZrO) or a combination thereof, and wherein the support material contains at least 0.3 mmol and at most 2.0 mmol OH groups/g of the support material;'} (b1) a compound containing at least one alkoxy or phenoxy group bound though its oxygen atom to a metal element from Group 5 (V, Nb, Ta) or Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W);', '(b2) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element from Group 5 (V, Nb, Ta) or Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W);', '(b3) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element which is copper (Cu); and, '(b) reacting the support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups of step (a) with at least one of the following(c) calcining the product obtained in step (b) in order to provide a catalyst material in which a metal element from Group 5 or Group 6, or Cu, is present as an oxide on the support material.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the support material ...

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION PROCESSES USING DOPED CERIAS

Niobia- and tantala-doped ceria catalysts, their use in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) processes, and a compact after-treatment system for exhaust gases are disclosed. In some aspects, the catalyst comprises at least 91 wt. % of ceria and 0.1 to 9 wt. % of niobia or tantala doped on the ceria. While conventional SCR catalysts can deactivate at higher temperatures, the doped cerias, particularly ones having as little as 1 or 2 wt. % of NbOor TaO, are activated toward NOx conversion by calcination. The doped cerias are also valuable for SCRF® catalyzed filter applications, including an after-treatment system that comprises a diesel particulate filter having inlets and outlets, and a dual-function catalyst coated on the inlets, outlets, or both. Compared with conventional SCR catalysts, the niobia or tantala-doped cerias enable a higher level of NOto be present. 1. A process which comprises selectively reducing a gaseous mixture comprising nitrogen oxides in the presence of a reductant and a catalyst which comprises at least 91 wt. % of ceria and 0.1 to 9 wt. % of niobia or tantala doped on the ceria , wherein the catalyst is calcined at a temperature within the range of 600° C. to 1000° C.2. The process of wherein the reductant is a nitrogen compound.3. The process of wherein the reductant is ammonia.4. The process of performed at a temperature within the range of 100° C. to 650° C.5. The process of wherein the catalyst comprises at least 95 wt. % of ceria.6. The process of wherein the ceria has a surface area greater than 100 m/g.7. The process of wherein the catalyst comprises 1 to 5 wt. % of niobia or tantala.8. The process of wherein the catalyst has a lattice parameter at least 0.02% less than that of undoped ceria.9. The process of wherein the catalyst has a lattice parameter at least 0.04% less than that of undoped ceria.10. The process of wherein the catalyst has claim 1 , at its surface as measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy claim 1 , a molar ...

Phase Stability of Copper-Manganese Spinel Oxide within a Mixture of Metal Oxides

The present disclosure describes ZPGM material compositions including a CuMnOspinel structure mixed with a plurality of support oxide powders to develop suitable ZPGM catalyst materials. Bulk powder ZPGM catalyst compositions are produced by physically mixing bulk powder CuMnOspinel with different support oxide powders calcined at about 1000° C. XRD analyses are performed for bulk powder ZPGM catalyst compositions to determine Cu—Mn spinel phase formation and phase stability for a plurality of temperatures to about 1000° C. ZPGM catalyst material compositions including CuMnOspinel mixed with LaO, cordierite, and ceria-zirconia support oxides exhibit phase stability, which can be employed in ZPGM catalysts for a plurality of TWC applications, thereby leading to a more effective utilization of ZPGM catalyst materials with high thermal and chemical stability in TWC products. 1. A composition comprising a catalyst comprising CuMnOspinel and an oxide powder selected from the group consisting of NbO , SrO , BaO , LaO , CeO—ZrO , cordierite , and mixtures thereof.21. The composition of clam , wherein the catalyst is calcined at about 1000° C.3. A composition comprising a catalyst comprising CuMnOspinel and an oxide powder comprising CeZrO.43. The composition of clam , wherein the catalyst is calcined at about 1000° C.5. A method for determining the phase stability of bulk CuMnOspinel in selected support oxides , comprising:{'sub': 2', '4, 'providing a mixture comprising CuMnOspinel and a plurality of metals; and'}analyzing the mixture using x-ray diffraction to produce a graph having at least one defined peak;{'sub': 2', '4, 'wherein at least one defined peak is representative of a stable CuMnOspinel and metal combination.'}6. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the at least one defined peak represents a composition comprising CuMnOspinel and an oxide powder selected from the group consisting of NbO claim 3 , SrO claim 3 , BaO claim 3 , LaO claim 3 , CeO—ZrO ...

Phase Stability of Lanthanum-Manganese Perovskite in the Mixture of Metal Oxides

The present disclosure describes ZPGM material compositions including LaMnOperovskite structure mixed with a plurality of support oxide powders to develop suitable ZPGM catalyst materials. Bulk powder ZPGM catalyst compositions are produced by physically mixing bulk powder LaMnOperovskite with different support oxide powders calcined at about 1000° C. XRD analyses are performed for bulk powder ZPGM catalyst compositions to determine La—Mn perovskite phase formation and phase stability for a plurality of temperatures to about 1000° C. ZPGM catalyst material compositions including La—Mn perovskite structure mixed with doped zirconia, LaO, cordierite, and ceria-zirconia support oxides present phase stability, which can be employed in ZPGM catalysts for a plurality of DOC applications, thereby leading to a more effective utilization of ZPGM catalyst materials with high thermal and chemical stability in DOC products. 1. A composition comprising a catalyst comprising LaMnOperovskite in weight ratio of about 1:1 to an oxide powder selected from the group consisting of ZrO—PrO , NbO , BaO , LaO , CeO—ZrO , cordierite , or mixtures thereof.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ceria-zirconia comprises 75% CeO.31. The composition of clam claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is calcined at about 1000° C.4. A heat stable catalyst composition comprising LaMn perovskite on a support oxide of LaO.54. The composition of clam claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is calcined at about 1000° C.6. A catalyst comprising a mixture of LaMnO claim 1 , NbO claim 1 , and LaNbO claim 1 , wherein the mixture results from the calcination of LaMn perovskite on a support oxide of NbO.76. The composition of clam claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is calcined at about 1000° C.8. A method for determining the phase stability of bulk La—Mn perovskite in selected support oxides claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': '3', 'providing a mixture comprising LaMnOperovskite and a plurality of metals; and'}analyzing the mixture ...

POLYMER PRODUCT AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY METALLIZING POLYMER SUBSTRATE

A polymer product with a metal layer coated on the surface thereof is provided. The polymer product includes a polymer substrate and a metal layer formed on at least a part of a surface of the polymer substrate. The surface of the polymer substrate covered by the metal layer is formed by a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a doped tin oxide. A doping element of the doped tin oxide comprises niobium. The doped tin oxide has a coordinate L* value of about 70 to about 100, a coordinate a value of about −5 to about 5, and a coordinate b value of about −5 to about 5 in a CIELab color space. 1. A polymer product comprising:a polymer substrate; anda metal layer formed on at least a part of a surface of the polymer substrate,wherein the surface of the polymer substrate covered by the metal layer is formed by a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a doped tin oxide, andwherein a doping element of the doped tin oxide comprises niobium, and the doped tin oxide has a coordinate L* value of about 70 to about 100, a coordinate a value of about −5 to about 5, and a coordinate b value of about −5 to about 5 in a CIELab color space.2. The polymer product of claim 1 , wherein the doped tin oxide has a light reflectivity of no more than 60% to a light with a wavelength of about 1064 nm.3. The polymer product of claim 1 , wherein based on the total weight of the doped tin oxide claim 1 , the content of the tin oxide is about 70 wt % to about 99.9 wt % claim 1 , and the content of the niobium is about 0.1 wt % to about 30 wt % calculated as NbO.4. The polymer product of claim 1 , wherein the doped tin oxide has an average particle size of about 10 nm to about 10 μm.5. The polymer product of claim 1 , wherein the doped tin oxide is prepared by steps of:providing a powder mixture comprising a tin oxide and at least one compound containing the doping element, andsintering the powder mixture under an oxidizing atmosphere,wherein the compound comprises at least one of an ...

BI-PHASIC CONTINUOUS-FLOW TUBULAR REACTOR AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS PREPARATION METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYL FURFURAL

Disclosed is a cost-effective process for catalytic conversion of simple C-based sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and industrial-grade sugar syrups derived from starch (such as different grades of High Fructose Corn Syrup) and cellulosic biomass to 5-HydroxyMethylFurfural (5-HMF) in a continuous-flow tubular reactor in bi-phasic media using inexpensive heterogeneous solid catalysts. Commercial and synthesized heterogeneous solid catalysts were used and their activities in terms of sugar conversion and HMF selectivity and yield were compared. Continuous dehydration of fructose, glucose and industrial-grade sugar syrups derived from corn and wood to HMF was achieved and the stability of selected catalysts and feasibility of catalyst recycling and regeneration were demonstrated. The performance of the catalysts and reactor system were examined under different operating conditions including reaction temperature, feeding flow rate, initial feedstock concentration, catalyst loading, presence of extracting organic solvent and phase transfer catalyst and aqueous to organic phase ratio. At the best operating conditions, HMF yield attained 60%, 45% and 53%, from dehydration of fructose, glucose and HFCS-, respectively. 1. A method for production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) from feedstock containing any one or combination of simple C-based sugars , industrial-grade sugar syrups and sugars derived from starch and/or cellulosic biomass , comprising:continuously flowing a bi-phasic reaction medium including water, an organic solvent and the feedstock through an elongate tubular reactor having located therein a packed-bed column of heterogeneous solid catalyst containing any one or combination of Brønsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites, the packed-bed column extending along a preselected length of the said elongate tubular reactor, the packed-bed column of heterogeneous solid catalyst having first and second opposed ends located within the tubular reactor;heating the ...

Steam reforming catalyst and fuel cell system using the same

A steam reforming catalyst that promotes production of hydrogen from a gas containing a hydrocarbon in the presence of steam includes a carrier and two or more catalyst metals supported on the carrier and including a first metal and a second metal. The first metal includes Ni, the second metal includes at least one of Co and Ru, and the carrier is represented by LaNbO4 or La1-xSrxNbO4 where x is in a range of 0<x≤0.12.

MULTILAYER COATED PARTICLE FILTER

A porous ceramic substrate for use as a particle filter, with a porosity of at least 50%, which includes a non-uniform coating layer of an oxide component in contact with a surface of the ceramic substrate, which oxide component is distributed on the surface and in dead-end pores of the ceramic substrate and creates the non-uniform coating layer on the substrate support, wherein the coating layer has a substantially smooth surface. Such substrate is typically a particle filter or part of a particle filter, e.g. a DPF. 133-. (canceled)34. A porous ceramic substrate comprising:a porous substrate support with a porosity of at least 50% v/v, wherein the porosity is measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry according to DIN 66133, which support further comprises a) a first non-uniform coating layer of an oxide component in contact with a surface of the substrate support, wherein the oxide component is selected from alumina, titania, silica, ceria, zirconia, niobium oxide, praseodymium oxide or mixtures thereof, which oxide component is distributed on the surface of the substrate support and in dead-end pores of the substrate support and creates the non-uniform coating layer on the substrate support, wherein the first coating layer has a smooth surface and b) a second coating layer of a SCR catalytic active material in direct contact with the smooth surface of the first coating layer.35. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 34 , wherein the oxide component includes nano particles having a mean diameter in the range from 1 nm to 900 nm.36. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 34 , wherein the oxide component is present in the amount per volume of 20-100 grams of oxide component/liter of substrate.37. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 34 , wherein the oxide component is distributed on at least 80% of the whole surface of the substrate support and in dead-end pores of the substrate support.38. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 37 , wherein the oxide component is ...

A REFORMING CATALYST AND A PROCESS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

The present disclosure relates to a reforming catalyst and a process for preparing the same. The acidic functionality of the catalyst is suppressed by using a chloride free alumina and coating the chloride free alumina with Group V B metal oxide in the catalyst, which helps in minimizing the cracking reactions and achieving higher selectivity for liquid hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. 1. A reforming catalyst comprising:(i) a chloride free alumina support; and(ii) a coating on said support,wherein said coating comprising at least one Group V B metal oxide in an amount in the range of 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %, at least one Group VII B metal in an amount in the range of 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt % and at least one Group VIII B metal in an amount in the range of 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one Group V B metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of niobium (V) oxide claim 1 , and tantalum (V) oxide.3. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one Group VII B metal is rhenium (Re).4. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one Group VIII B metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt) claim 1 , and palladium (Pd).5. A process for preparing a reforming catalyst claim 1 , said process comprising the following steps:(a) charging a vessel with a predetermined amount of a Group V B metal salt and an aqueous base while stirring to obtain a Group V B metal oxide gel;(b) introducing a predetermined amount of chloride free alumina in said metal oxide gel to obtain a first mixture;(c) heating said first mixture at a temperature in the range of 100 to 300° C. for a time period in the range of 20 to 100 hours to obtain a heated first mixture comprising a coated alumina support;(d) separating said coated alumina support from said heated first mixture followed by drying and calcining to obtain a calcined coated alumina support; and(e) impregnating the coating of said ...

MESOPOROUS MIXED OXIDE CATALYST COMPRISING SILICON

A mesoporous mixed oxide catalyst that comprises silicon and at least one metal M that is selected from the group that consists of the elements of groups 4 and 5 of the periodic table and mixtures thereof, with the mass of metal M being between 0.1 and 20% of the mixed oxide mass. 1. Mesoporous mixed oxide catalyst that comprises silicon and at least one metal M that is selected from the group that consists of the elements of groups 4 and 5 of the periodic table and mixtures thereof , with the mass of metal M being between 0.1 and 20% of the mixed oxide mass , with said mixed oxide resulting from the combination of oxygen atoms with at least the silicon element and the element M.2. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which said metal M is selected from the group that consists of tantalum claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. Catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising a metal M′ claim 1 , with said metal M′ being a metal that is selected from the group that consists of the elements of groups 11 and 12 of the periodic table and mixtures thereof claim 1 , with the mass of metal M′ being between 0.1 and 20% of the mixed oxide mass.4. Catalyst according to claim 3 , in which said metal M′ is selected from the group that consists of silver claim 3 , copper claim 3 , zinc and mixtures thereof.5. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which said mixed oxide is mesostructured.6. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which the mixed oxide has a specific surface area of at least 250 m/g claim 1 , a pore volume of at least 1 ml/g and a mean pore diameter of at least 4 nm.7. Catalyst according to that is shaped in the form of balls claim 1 , pellets claim 1 , granules claim 1 , or extrudates claim 1 , or rings.8. Catalyst according to claim 7 , comprising at least one porous oxide material that has the role of binder claim 7 , with said porous oxide material being selected from the group that is formed by silica claim 7 , magnesia claim 7 , clays claim ...

CATALYST Ta-Nb FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 1,3-BUTADIENE

The invention relates to a catalyst that comprises a mesoporous oxide matrix, with said matrix comprising at least one oxide of an element X that is selected from among silicon and titanium, taken by itself or in a mixture, with said catalyst comprising at least the tantalum element and the niobium element, with the tantalum mass representing between 0.1 to 30% by weight of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix, the niobium mass representing between 0.02 to 6% by weight of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix, the content by mass of the tantalum element being greater than or equal to the content by mass of the niobium element. The invention also relates to the use of this catalyst in a method for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a feedstock that comprises at least ethanol. 1. Catalyst that comprises a mesoporous oxide matrix , with said matrix comprising at least one oxide of an element X that is selected from among silicon and titanium , taken by itself or in a mixture , with said catalyst comprising tantalum and niobium , the tantalum mass representing from 0.1 to 30% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix , the niobium mass representing from 0.02 to 6% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix , the content by mass of the tantalum element in said catalyst being greater than or equal to the content by mass of the niobium element in said catalyst , with said catalyst being prepared by consecutive introduction of the niobium element and then the tantalum element.2. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which said oxide matrix is mesostructured.3. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which said oxide matrix is a silicon oxide that has a specific surface area of 100 to 1 claim 1 ,200 m/g claim 1 , a mesopore volume of between 0.2 and 1.8 ml/g and a mesopore diameter of between 4 and 50 nm.4. Catalyst according to claim 3 , in which said oxide matrix contains an alkaline metal content that is expressed in terms of % by weight of metal in relation to the mass ...

STABILIZED PRODUCTION OF 1,3-BUTADIENE IN THE PRESENCE OF A TANTALUM OXIDE DOPED BY AN ALDOLIZING ELEMENT

The invention relates to a catalyst that comprises at least the tantalum element, at least an aldolizing element and at least a mesoporous oxide matrix, with the tantalum mass being between 0.1 and 30% of the mesoporous oxide matrix mass, the mass of the at least one aldolizing element being between 0.02 and 4% of the mesoporous oxide matrix mass, and use thereof. 1. Catalyst that comprises at least the tantalum element , at least an aldolizing element that is selected from the group that consists of magnesium , calcium , barium , cerium and tin and mixtures thereof , and at least one mesoporous oxide matrix that comprises at least one oxide of an element X that is selected from among silicon , titanium and mixtures thereof , with the tantalum element mass being between 0.1 and 30% of the mesoporous oxide matrix mass , and the aldolizing element mass being between 0.02 and 4% of the mesoporous oxide matrix mass.2. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which said aldolizing element is selected from the group that consists of calcium and barium and mixtures thereof.3. Catalyst according to claim 1 , also comprising at least one element that is selected from the group that consists of the elements of groups 1 claim 1 , 4 and 5 of the periodic table claim 1 , with the mass of said element representing between 0.01 and 5% of the mesoporous oxide matrix mass.4. Catalyst according to claim 3 , also comprising at least one element that is selected from the group that consists of the element Cs and the element Nb and mixtures thereof claim 3 , with the mass of said element representing between 0.01 and 5% of the mesoporous oxide matrix mass.5. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which said oxide matrix is mesostructured.6. Catalyst according to claim 1 , in which said mesoporous oxide matrix comprises a silicon oxide that has a specific surface area of 100 to 1 claim 1 ,200 m/g claim 1 , a mesopore volume of between 0.2 and 1.8 ml/g claim 1 , and a mesopore diameter of between 4 ...

SUPPORTED CATALYST PARTICLES FOR OXIDIZING CARBON MONOXIDE

A method for oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide is provided which utilizes specific supported catalyst particles. The supported catalyst comprises catalyst particles that are supported on particles of an electrically conductive support selected from the group consisting of graphitic carbon and a partially reduced oxide of a transition metal of the Magnéli phase selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, and mixtures thereof. 1. Supported catalyst particles adapted to oxidize a carbon monoxide component of a gas to carbon dioxide by contacting said gas to the supported catalyst particles , the supported catalyst particles comprising catalyst particles supported in and/or on electrically conductive support particles of a partially reduced oxide of a transition metal comprising a Magnéli phase selected from the group consisting of titanium , vanadium , zirconium , niobium , molybdenum , and mixtures thereof , wherein the supported catalyst particles effect catalytic combustion of carbon monoxide.2. The supported catalyst particles of wherein the catalyst particles comprise nanoscale particles and/or the support particles comprise nanoscale particles.3. The supported catalyst particles of claim 1 , wherein the partially reduced oxide of a transition metal comprising a Magnéli phase further comprises a dopant that is different than the transition metal.4. The supported catalyst particles of claim 3 , wherein the dopant is selected from the group consisting of titanium claim 3 , vanadium claim 3 , zirconium claim 3 , niobium claim 3 , molybdenum claim 3 , and mixtures thereof.5. The supported catalyst particles of claim 1 , wherein the support particles further comprise a graphitic nanostructure.6. The supported catalyst particles of claim 1 , wherein the support particles further comprise carbon nanotubes and at least some of the catalyst particles are enveloped by the carbon nanotubes.7. The supported catalyst ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 1. A dehydration catalyst consisting essentially of one or more amorphous phosphate salts; {'br': None, 'sub': 2(1−x)', '(4−x), 'sup': '−', '[HPO]\u2003\u2003(I);'}, 'wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts consist essentially of one or more monovalent cations, and one or more phosphate anions selected from the group represented by empirical formula (I)wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts of said dehydration catalyst are neutrally charged.2. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The dehydration catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts is KHPO; and wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1.4. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts are selected from the group represented by empirical formula (Ib):{'br': None, 'sub': w', '(1−w)', '2(x−x)', '(4−x), 'sup': I', 'I, 'MNHPO\u2003\u2003(Ib);'}{'sup': I', 'I, 'wherein Mand Nare two different monovalent cations; wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein w is any real number greater than 0 and less than 1.'}5. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.6. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group ...

TANTALUM-BASED CATALYST DEPOSITED ON SILICA FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ETHANOL INTO BUTADIENE

The invention concerns a catalyst comprising at least the element tantalum, and at least one mesoporous oxide matrix that has undergone an acid wash comprising at least 90% by weight of silica before washing, the mass of the element tantalum being in the range 0.1% to 30% of the mass of said mesoporous oxide matrix. 1. A catalyst comprising at least the element tantalum , and at least one mesoporous oxide matrix based on silica that has undergone an acid wash , wherein said matrix comprises at least 90% by weight of silica before washing , wherein the mass of tantalum is in the range 0.1% to 30% of the mass of said mesoporous oxide matrix , wherein said wash is carried out by contacting with an inorganic acid at a concentration in the range 0.05 M to 3 M , at a temperature in the range 0° C. to 120° C. and with a contact time in the range 10 min to 10 h.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said mesoporous oxide matrix is an amorphous mesoporous silica with an unorganized porosity without micropores.3. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein before washing claim 1 , said mesoporous oxide matrix has a specific surface area in the range 250 m/g to 700 m/g.4. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said oxide matrix is mesostructured.5. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of the elements from groups 2 claim 1 , 3 claim 1 , 4 or 5 of the periodic table and mixtures thereof claim 1 , the mass of said element being in the range 0.01% to 5% of the mass of said mesoporous oxide matrix.6. The catalyst as claimed in claim 5 , comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of the elements from groups 2 and 5 of the periodic table and mixtures thereof claim 5 , the mass of said element being in the range 0.01% to 5% of the mass of said mesoporous oxide matrix.7. The catalyst as claimed in claim 6 , comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting ...

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CARBOHYDRATES INTO 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL

The present invention relates to catalysts and methods for efficient conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which shows good activity and high selectivity for HMF preparation from saccharides. The catalyst is stable in aqueous system which makes it as an ideal catalyst for HMF production. High HMF yield was obtained even in mild condition. The catalysts of the invention are advantageous in that they are environment-friendly, easy separation and recovery, can be re-used in subsequent reactions, do not corrode reaction reactors. These features make the catalyst as a suitable catalyst for HMF preparation and have strong industrial application significance. 1. A tantalum-containing catalyst , comprising:a tantalum-containing compound selected from a group consisting of hydrated tantalum oxide, tantalum hydroxide, tantalate, and composite oxides or salts of tantalum and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, tungsten, titanium, zirconium, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, molybdenum, vanadium, tin, niobium, and combinations thereof.2. The tantalum-containing catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the one or more metals to tantalum is from 1:1 to 1:100.3. The tantalum-containing catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said tantalum-containing catalyst is obtained by treating hydrated tantalum oxide or tantalum hydroxide with an inorganic acid claim 1 , wherein the inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , or nitric acid.4. The tantanlum-containing catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the inorganic acid has a concentration ranging from 0.1 mol/L to 10 mol/L.5. The tantanlum-containing catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said tantalum-containing catalyst is supported on a catalyst support selected from the group consisting of molecular sieve claim 1 , silica claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , titanium dioxide claim 1 , zirconium oxide claim 1 , and niobium oxide ...

System and Method for Two and Three Way NB-ZR Catalyst

Disclosed here are material formulations of use in the conversion of exhaust gases, where the formulations may include Niobium (Nb), Zirconium (Zr) and combinations thereof. 1. A method for reducing emissions from an engine having associated therewith an exhaust system , the method providing a catalyst system for a catalytic reaction , the method further comprising the steps of:providing a substrate; anddepositing on said substrate a washcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate and comprising at least one carrier material oxide, at least one catalyst, or mixtures thereof;wherein the at least one catalyst comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of niobium, zirconium, tin, and mixtures thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one carrier material oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , lanthanum doped alumina claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , and ceria/zirconia.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tin is deposited by impregnation.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a T50 conversion temperature for hydrocarbons is less than about 500 degrees Celsius.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst is prepared by co-precipitation utilizing at least one material selected from the group consisting of niobium pentoxide claim 1 , niobium oxalate claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the preparation further comprises sulfuric acid acting as a solvent.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the washcoat further comprises at least one oxygen storage material.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the oxygen storage material is selected from the group consisting of at least one of cerium claim 7 , zirconium claim 7 , neodymium claim 7 , praseodymium claim 7 , samarium claim 7 , lanthanum claim 7 , and yttrium.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one catalyst is precipitated on said at least at least one oxygen storage ...

ENHANCED DISPERSION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL METAL OXIDE SURFACE SPECIES ON SILICA USING AN ALKALI PROMOTER

Improved catalysts including two-dimensional metal oxide species highly dispersed on a silica support are disclosed, as well methods of making and using such catalysts. The catalysts are substantially free of metal oxide nanoparticles. The higher than expected maximum dispersion densities are obtained in the catalysts by introducing dispersion-promoting sodium ions, and optionally, aluminum ions, onto the silica support. The improved catalysts may be used in a variety of chemical processes, including, without limitation, in dehydrogenation, oxidation, and metathesis reactions. 1. A heterogeneous catalyst comprising one or more two-dimensional metal oxide species highly dispersed on the surface of a silica support that further comprises ions of one or more alkali metals , wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of a group 3 , group 4 , group 5 , group 6 or group 7 metal , and wherein the catalyst is substantially free of metal oxide nanoparticles.2. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of the alkali metal ions present to the metal atoms of the metal oxide present is less than 0.25/1.3. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more two-dimensional metal oxide species are monomeric species.4. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more two-dimensional metal oxide species exhibit tetrahedral geometry around the metal atoms.5. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of a group 5 claim 1 , group 6 or group 7 metal.6. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of a group 5 or group 6 metal.7. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 6 , wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of a group 5 metal.8. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 1 , vanadium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , tantalum oxide claim 1 , chromium oxide claim 1 , molybdenum oxide claim 1 , ...

HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYOXOMETALATE CATALYST AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a high-performance polyoxometalate catalyst and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, the present invention provides a high-performance polyoxometalate catalyst, the activity and selectivity of which may be improved by controlling the content of vanadium and the like and which has superior reproducibility and may unsaturated carboxylic acid from unsaturated aldehyde in a high yield for a long time, a method of preparing the same, and the like. 1. A polyoxometalate catalyst , comprising a metal oxide represented by Formula 1 below:{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g, 'MOAVBCDO,\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}wherein A is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of W and Cr; B is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of P, As, B, Sb, Ce, Pb, Mn, Nb and Te; C is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Zr, Rh, Cu, Ni, Ti, Ag, Fe, Co and Sn; D is one or more selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, Rb, Cs, Ta, Ca, Mg, Sr and Ba; and a, b, c, d, e, f, and g represent atomic ratios of the respective elements,wherein, when a=12, b is 0.01 to 15; c is 0.01 to 15, d is 0 to 20, e is 0 to 20, f is 0 to 20; and g is determined depending upon oxidation states of the respective ingredients, andwherein a mole ratio of V to A (V/A) is 0.01 to 10.2. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein each of d claim 1 , e and f is 0.01 to 20.3. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the vanadium (V) comprises 30% or more of vanadium having an oxidation number of 4+.4. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the polyoxometalate catalyst comprises an inert carrier claim 1 , as a supporter of the metal oxide.5. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein a loading amount of a metal oxide coated on the inert carrier is 30 to 80% by weight.6. The polyoxometalate catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING NITRILES

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes a first reacting a molecule from at least one of a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, and/or an anhydride with ammonia to form a nitrile, where the first reacting is catalyzed using an acid catalyst. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the molecule may include at least one of acetic acid, lactic acid, and/or 3-hydroxyproprionic acid (3-HPA). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the molecule may include at least one of methyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and/or ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate (ethyl 3-HP). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the anhydride may be acetic anhydride. 1. A method comprising:a first reacting a molecule comprising at least one of a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, or an anhydride with ammonia to form a nitrile, wherein:{'sub': '2', 'the first reacting is catalyzed using a metal oxide catalyst excluding TiO.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molecule comprises at least one of acetic acid claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , or 3-hydroxyproprionic acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molecule comprises at least one of methyl acetate claim 1 , ethyl lactate claim 1 , or ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anhydride is acetic anhydride.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein Ris a vinyl group and the nitrile is acrylonitrile.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein Ris a methyl group and the nitrile is acetonitrile.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the molecule is the ester of a carboxylic acid,prior to the first reacting, a second reacting of the carboxylic acid with an alcohol to produce the molecule and water, andthe second reacting regenerates the alcohol.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide catalyst comprises at least one of AlPO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , NbO claim 1 , or NbO.10. A method comprising:esterifying a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to produce an ester and water; ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING EPSILON-CAPROLACTAM

A method of producing ε-caprolactam from 3-oxoadipic acid includes: step 1 of mixing at least one selected from the group consisting of 3-oxoadipic acid and salts thereof with a catalyst and a solvent in the presence of hydrogen to produce 3-hydroxyadipic acid; and step 2 of reacting the 3-hydroxyadipic acid which is a product of step 1, a salt or carboxylic acid derivative thereof, or a mixture of these with hydrogen and ammonia. 111.-. (canceled)12. A method of producing ε-caprolactam , comprising: step 1 of mixing at least one selected from the group consisting of 3-oxoadipic acid and salts thereof with a catalyst and a solvent in the presence of hydrogen to produce 3-hydroxyadipic acid; and step 2 of reacting the 3-hydroxyadipic acid which is a product of step 1 , a salt or carboxylic acid derivative thereof , or a mixture thereof with hydrogen and ammonia.13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the solvent is an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent having a polarity value of 0 to 0.3.14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the solvent is an organic solvent mainly containing at least one selected from the group consisting of ether solvents and ester solvents.15. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the solvent is an organic solvent mainly containing at least one selected from tetrahydrofuran claim 12 , dioxane claim 12 , 1 claim 12 ,2-dimethoxyethane claim 12 , diglyme claim 12 , and ethyl acetate.16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein step 1 is carried out under conditions of (i) or (ii):(i) in an aqueous solvent at a reaction temperature of 0° C. to 50° C.;(ii) in an organic solvent having a polarity value of 0 to 0.3 at a reaction temperature of not lower than 0° C. and lower than 75° C.17. The method according to claim 12 , wherein step 2 is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.18. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the catalyst used in step 1 and/or step 2 comprises one or more metals selected from the group ...

REFORMING CATALYST AND A METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF

The present disclosure relates to a reforming catalyst composition comprising a spherical gamma AIOsupport; at least one Group VB metal oxide sheet coated on to the AIOsupport; and at least one active metal and at least one promoter metal impregnated on the AIOcoated support. The reforming catalyst composition of the present disclosure has improved activity, better selectivity for total aromatics during naphtha reforming and results in less coke formation. The reforming catalyst composition has improved catalyst performance with simultaneous modification of acidic sites as well as metallic sites through metal support interaction. The acid site cracking activity of the catalyst is inhibited because of the use of chloride free alumina support modified with solid acid such as Group VB metal oxide and impregnated with active metals. The present disclosure provides a process for naphtha reforming in the presence of the reforming catalyst composition of the present disclosure to obtain reformates of naphtha. 1. A reforming catalyst composition comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'a. a spherical gamma AlOsupport;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'b. at least one Group VB metal oxide sheet coated on to said AlOsupport; and'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'c. at least one active metal and at least one promoter metal impregnated on said AlOcoated support.'}2. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said Group VB metal is at least one selected from a group comprising niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) having a concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 wt % of the catalyst composition.3. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said metal oxide sheet coating has a thickness in the range of 100 to 250μ.4. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said active metal is at least one Group VIII metal selected from the group comprising Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) having a concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 wt % of the catalyst composition.5. The catalyst composition ...

Hybrid PGM-ZPGM TWC Exhaust Treatment Systems

Hybrid PGM-ZPGM three-way catalyst (TWC) exhaust treatment systems are disclosed. The hybrid PGM-ZPGM TWC systems include a PGM close-coupled catalytic converter followed by an underfloor catalytic converter. The underfloor catalytic converter includes a ZPGM-based catalyst. Additionally, the underfloor catalytic converter can also be a PGM/ZPGM zone coated catalytic converter. The disclosed hybrid TWC systems comprising PGM-based and ZPGM-based catalysts can replace pure PGM-based exhaust treatment systems. 1. A system for treating the exhaust of a combustion engine , comprising:at least one exhaust manifold suitable for accepting at least one stream of exhaust;a closed-couple converter having a first catalyst body comprising at least one platinum group metal catalyst; andan underfloor converter having a second catalyst body consisting of a zero platinum group metal;wherein the at least one exhaust manifold is communicatively coupled to the closed-couple converter and underfloor converter.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one platinum group metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) claim 1 , rhodium (Rd) claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst body includes at least one platinum group metal.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst body comprises a substrate claim 1 , a washcoat layer claim 1 , and an overcoat layer.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one platinum group metal catalyst is supported on a support oxide.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the support oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgAlO claim 5 , AlO—BaO claim 5 , AlO—LaO claim 5 , ZrO—CeO—NdO—YO claim 5 , CeO—ZrO claim 5 , CeO claim 5 , SiO claim 5 , Alumina silicate claim 5 , ZrO—YO—SiO claim 5 , AlO—CeO claim 5 , AlO—SrO claim 5 , TiO-10% ZrO claim 5 , TiO-10% NbO claim 5 , SnO—TiO claim 5 , ZrO—SnO ...

Bi-Component Catalyst And Method For Dehydrating Lactic Acid To Acrylic Acid

Bicomponent catalysts and methods for making bio-based acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof from lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are provided. 1. A method of making acrylic acid , acrylic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof comprising contacting a stream comprising lactic acid , lactic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof with a bicomponent catalyst comprising an HO-Re(VII)=O moiety and a compound having an oxophilic metal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said HO-Re(VII)=O moiety comprises perrhenic acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said oxophilic metal is selected from the group consisting of Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , V claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , and W.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compound having an oxophilic metal is selected from the group consisting of oxophilic metal phosphate claim 1 , oxophilic metal sulfate claim 1 , oxophilic metal oxide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said oxophilic metal phosphate is selected from the group consisting of MPO claim 4 , M(PO)MHPO claim 4 , M(HPO) claim 4 , and mixtures thereof; and wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be claim 4 , Mg claim 4 , Ca claim 4 , Sr claim 4 , Ba claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein said oxophilic metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of NbO claim 4 , LiONbO claim 4 , TaO claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting is carried out at a temperature between about 180° C. and about 250° C.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said temperature is about 200° C.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said stream is gaseous.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said stream is liquid.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of said lactic acid claim 1 , lactic acid derivatives claim 1 , or mixtures ...

Catalysts and Related Methods for Photocatalytic Production of H2O2 and Thermocatalytic Reactant Oxidation

Catalysts, catalytic systems and related synthetic methods for in situ production of HOand use thereof in reaction with oxidizable substrates. 1. A catalytic system comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a photocatalyst for production of HOfrom Oand a proton donor component, said photocatalyst comprising a particulate TiOcore component and a SiOshell component coupled to said core component, said photocatalyst comprising TiOsurface areas;'}{'sub': '2', 'a thermocatalyst for reactant oxidation, said thermocatalyst adjacent to said photocatalyst and comprising a SiOcomponent and a transition metal moiety coupled thereto;'}{'sub': '2', 'a reaction medium comprising O, a proton donor component and an oxidizable reactant component; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'ultra-violet radiation introduced to said reaction medium for a time and at a wavelength sufficient to produce HOand oxidize said reactant component therewith.'}2. The system of wherein said proton donor component is selected from alcohols.3. The system of wherein said oxidizable reactant component is selected from alkenes.4. The system of wherein said transition metal moiety is selected from V claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , W claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Re claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , and Sn moieties.5. The system of wherein said transition metal moiety is Ti.6. The system of wherein said alkene is propylene.7. The system of wherein said photocatalyst and said thermocatalyst are provided on said TiOcore component claim 1 , said transition metal moiety coupled to said SiOshell component.8. The system of wherein said transition metal is Ti and said oxidizable reactant is propylene.9. The system of wherein said alcohol is isopropanol.10. The system of wherein acetone is a by-product of said HOproduction.11. The system of comprising a hydrogenation catalyst to reduce said acetone and regenerate said isopropanol.12. A composition ...

Systems and Methods for Using Pd1+ in a TWC

Stabilized palladium (+1) compounds to mimic rhodium's electronic configuration and catalytic properties are disclosed. Palladium (+1) compounds may be stabilized in perovskite or delafossite structures and may be employed in Three-Way Catalysts (TWC) for at least the conversion of HC, CO and NOx, in exhaust gases. The TWC may include a substrate, a wash-coat and, a first impregnation layer, a second impregnation layer and an over-coat. The second impregnation layer and the over-coat may include palladium (+1) based compounds as catalyst. 1. A catalyst system , comprising:a substrate; anda washcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, comprising at least one oxide solid selected from the group consisting of at least one carrier metal oxide, and at least one catalyst; and{'sub': '3', 'sup': 1+', '1+, 'wherein the at least one catalyst comprises at least one perovskite structured compound having the formula ABOwherein A is selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pd/Ca, La and combinations thereof, and B is selected from the group consisting of Ti/Nb, Nb, Zr, Mn, Ta, V, Ti, W and combinations thereof.'}2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the washcoat further comprises at least one oxygen storage material.3. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein A is La.4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein B comprises at least one stable (+5) cation.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one perovskite structured compound has the formula PdCaTiNbO.6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one perovskite structured compound has the formula PdCaDEO claim 1 , wherein u+v=1 claim 1 , w+x=1 claim 1 , y>3 claim 1 , and each of D and E are elements having a stable formal charge of (IV) and (V).7. The catalyst system of claim 6 , wherein u*1+v*2+w*4+x*5=6 when y=3.8. The catalyst system of claim 6 , wherein y>2.7.9. The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen storage material may be about 0% to about 80% by weight of the washcoat ...

Composition based on oxides of zirconium, cerium, niobium and tin, preparation processes and use in catalysis

The composition of the invention is based on oxides of zirconium, cerium, niobium and tin in proportions by weight of oxide of between 5% and 50% for cerium oxide, 5% and 20% for niobium oxide, 1% and 10% for tin oxide and the remainder being zirconium oxide. The composition may be used in a catalytic system for an SCR-type process for treating a gas that contains nitrogen oxides (NOx). 1. A composition based on oxides of zirconium , cerium , niobium and tin in the following proportions by weight of oxide:cerium oxide: between 5% and 50%;niobium oxide: between 5% and 20%;tin oxide: between 1% and 10%;the remainder being zirconium oxide.2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cerium oxide is present in a proportion by weight of between 5% and 40%.3. The composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the cerium oxide is present in a proportion by weight of between 10% and 30%.4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the niobium oxide is present in a proportion by weight of between 5% and 15%.5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the tin oxide is present in a proportion by weight of between 2% and 8%.6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the zirconium oxide is present in a proportion by weight of between 50% and 85%.7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising at least one oxide of an element M selected from the group consisting of tungsten claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , iron claim 1 , copper claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , and rare earth elements other than cerium claim 1 , in a proportion by weight of oxide of the element M of at most 20%.8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition is in the form of a solid solution of the oxides of cerium claim 1 , niobium and tin in zirconium oxide.9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits two reducibility peaks during the measurement of ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 2. The dehydration catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts is KHPO; and wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1.4. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.6. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.7. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more polyvalent cations are selected from the group consisting of the cations of the metals Be claim 5 , Mg claim 5 , Ca claim 5 , Sr claim 5 , Ba claim 5 , Sc claim 5 , Y claim 5 , Ti claim 5 , Zr claim 5 , Hf claim 5 , V claim 5 , Nb claim 5 , Ta claim 5 , Cr claim 5 , Mo claim 5 , W claim 5 , Mn claim 5 , Re claim 5 , Al claim 5 , Ga claim 5 , In claim 5 , Tl claim 5 , Si claim 5 , Ge claim 5 , Sn claim 5 , Pb claim 5 , Sb claim 5 , Bi claim 5 , La claim 5 , Ce claim 5 , Pr claim 5 , Nd claim 5 , Sm claim 5 , Eu claim 5 , Gd claim 5 , Tb claim 5 , Dy claim 5 , Ho claim 5 , Er claim 5 , Tm claim 5 , Yb claim 5 , Lu claim 5 , and mixtures thereof.8. The dehydration catalyst of claim 7 , wherein said one or more polyvalent cations are selected from the group consisting of the cations of the metals Mg claim 7 , Ca claim 7 , Sr claim 7 , Ba claim 7 , Y claim 7 , Mn claim 7 , Al claim 7 , Er claim 7 , and mixtures thereof.9. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more oxyanions are selected from the group represented by molecular formulae ( ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 1. A method of preparing a dehydration catalyst , comprising: [{'br': None, 'sub': j', '(2+i−j)', 'i', '(3i+1), 'sup': 'I', 'M(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIa)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 4', 'l', '(2+k−l)', 'k', '(3k+1), '(NH)(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIb)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': u', '(m−p)', '3', 'm, 'sup': 'I', 'M(H(PO))\u2003\u2003(VIc)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 4', 'r', '(q−r)', '3', 'q, '(NH)(H(PO))\u2003\u2003(VId)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': u', '(t−u)', '(2s+t)', '(5s+3t), 'sup': 'I', 'M(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIe)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 4', 'α', '(w−α)', '(2v+w)', '(5v+3w), '(NH)(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIf)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'sup': 'I', 'MO\u2003\u2003(VIg)'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 'I', 'MOH\u2003\u2003(VIh)'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 'I', 'sub': '3', 'MNO\u2003\u2003(VIi)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3, 'sup': 'I', 'MCO\u2003\u2003(VIj)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'β, 'sup': 'I', '(H(CH)COO)M\u2003\u2003(VIk);'}], 'mixing two or more different phosphate precursor compounds selected from the group comprising{'sup': I', '+', '+', '+', '+', '+', '+', '+, 'claim-text': {'sup': 'I', 'to produce a dehydration catalyst precursor mixture; wherein the molar ratio between the total amount of P and the total amount of Min said dehydration catalyst precursor mixture is about 1; and'}, 'wherein Mis a monovalent cation; wherein said monovalent cation is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, Tl, and mixtures thereof; wherein i, k, m, q, s, and v are integers greater than zero; wherein j, l, p, r, u, and α are real numbers equal to or greater than zero; wherein t, w, and β are integers equal to or greater than zero; wherein (2+i−j), (2+k−l), (m−p), (q−r), (t−u), and (w−α) are equal to or greater than zero;'}contacting said ...

PENTENENITRILE ISOMERIZATION

Disclosed is a process for isomerizing cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitrile in the presence of a non-aluminium metal oxide catalyst, wherein: (a) the metal in the catalyst has an oxidation state in the range from +1 to +4; (b) the metal has a cation radius in the range from 0.35 to 1.0 Å; (c) the metal of the catalyst has a polarising power, C/r, is in the range from 2 to >8, wherein C is the charge of the metal and r is the ionic radius in Å; (d) the bond network of the catalyst has a % ionicity of >20; (e) the metal oxide has an acidity strength in the range from strong to very weak; and (f) the metal oxide has a basicity (nucleophilicity) strength of weak to strong. 1. A process for isomerizing cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitrile in the presence of a non-aluminium metal oxide catalyst , wherein:(a) the metal in the catalyst has an oxidation state in the range from +1 to +4;(b) the metal has a cation radius in the range from 0.35 to 1.0 Å;(c) the metal of the catalyst has a polarising power, C/r, is in the range from 2 to >8, wherein C is the charge of the metal and r is the ionic radius in Å;(d) the bond network of the catalyst has a % ionicity of >20;(e) the metal oxide has an acidity strength in the range from strong to very weak; and(f) the metal oxide has a basicity (nucleophilicity) strength of weak to strong.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of γ-AlO claim 1 , β-GaO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , CrO claim 1 , LaO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , CeO claim 1 , ThO claim 1 , MgO claim 1 , CoO claim 1 , NiO claim 1 , CuO claim 1 , ZnO and mixtures thereof.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of Cr2O3 claim 2 , La2O3 claim 2 , ZrO2 and ZnO.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the isomerization is carried out in the liquid phase.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the isomerization is carried out in the gas phase.6. ...

CATALYST AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING DIENE COMPOUND USING SAID CATALYST

The present invention relates to a catalyst which is a composite oxide including at least one element X selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table, and at least one element Z selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Group 14 of the periodic table, wherein the catalyst has mesopores. 1. A catalyst which is a composite oxide comprising at least one element X selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table , and at least one element Z selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Group 14 of the periodic table ,wherein the catalyst has mesopores.3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , which further comprises a zinc element (Zn).5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , which is a catalyst for synthesizing a diene compound from a raw material gas containing an alcohol.6. The catalyst according to claim 5 , wherein the raw material gas comprises ethanol claim 5 , acetaldehyde or a mixture of ethanol and acetaldehyde.7. A method for producing a catalyst claim 5 , comprising:a step of obtaining a solid colloid by preparing a mixture containing a compound containing at least one element X selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table, a compound containing at least one element Z selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Group 14 of the periodic table, a surfactant, and a solvent containing water, and distilling off at least part of the solvent; anda step of calcining the solid colloid.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the mixture further comprises a compound containing zinc.9. A method for producing a diene compound claim 1 , comprising contacting the catalyst of with a raw material gas containing an alcohol to produce a diene compound. The present invention relates to a catalyst, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a diene compound using the ...

Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alkanes or Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Improved methods of oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of short chain alkanes or ethylbenzene to the corresponding olefins, and improved methods of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethylene and/or ethane, are disclosed. The disclosed methods use boron- or nitride-containing catalysts, and result in improved selectivity and/or byproduct profiles than methods using conventional ODH or OCM catalysts. 1. A method of making one or more desired chemical products comprising contacting a solid heterogeneous oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) catalyst comprising a boron-containing compound with oxygen and one or more liquid or gaseous reactants to catalyze the ODH of the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants to form the one or more desired chemical products , wherein the boron-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of a B-nitride consisting of boron and nitride , a B-nitride that is functionalized with one or more oxygen atoms bound directly to the B-nitride surface , a B-carbide consisting of boron and carbide , a B-carbide that is functionalized with one or more oxygen atoms bound directly to the B-carbide surface , Ti-boride , Ni-boride , and Nb-boride.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants include a C alkane or ethylbenzene.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the C alkane is a C-Cn-alkane or a C-Ciso-alkane.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants include an alkane or a hydrocarbon comprising an alkyl group claim 1 , and wherein the one or more desired chemical products include one or more olefins or one or more hydrocarbons comprising an alkenyl group.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alkane is a C-Cn-alkane or a C-Ciso-alkane.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the C-Cn-alkane or C-Ciso-alkane is selected from the group consisting of propane claim 5 , n-butane claim 5 , and isobutane claim 5 , and wherein the one or more desired chemical products are selected from the ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTRON DEFICIENT OLEFINS

This invention relates to a process for preparing electron deficient olefins, such as 2-cyanoacrylates, using an acid catalyzed two-step process including a transesterification reaction followed by a Knoevenagel condensation reaction. 1. A process for the preparation of a cyanoacrylate , steps of which comprise:(a) reacting the ester of cyanoacetic acid and an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield a cyanoacetate different from the ester of cyanoacetic acid;(b) reacting the so-formed cyanoacetate from step (a) with a source of aldehyde, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield a cyanoacrylate; and(c) optionally, separating from the mixture the so-formed cyanoacrylate substantially free from the ester of the cyanoacetic acid, the alcohol, the catalyst(s) and/or the cyanoacetate, and by-products.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element has one or more ligands bound to the element(s).4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a lanthanide element.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a transition element.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises ytterbium.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises niobium.8. The process of claim 3 , wherein the one or more ligands is selected from halogens claim 3 , triflates claim 3 , nitrates claim 3 , mesylates or tosylates.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional hydroxyl compound.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional Calkanol claim 1 , Calkenol claim 1 , Calkynol.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is an aromatic alcohol.12. The process of claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTRON DEFICIENT OLEFIN PRECURSORS

This invention relates to a process for producing electron deficient olefin precursors, such as 2-cyanoacetates, using an acid catalyzed transesterification reaction. 1. A process for the preparation of a cyanoacetate , steps of which comprise:(a) reacting an ester of cyanoacetic acid and an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition metal halide, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield a cyanoacetate;(b) optionally, separating the so formed cyanoacetate substantially free from the ester of cyanoacetic acid, the alcohol and/or the catalyst, and by-products.3. The process of any claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition metal halide has one or more ligands bound to the element(s).4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a lanthanide element.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a transition metal halide.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises ytterbium.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises niobium claim 1 , zirconium or scandium.8. The process of claim 3 , wherein the one or more ligands is selected from halogens claim 3 , triflates claim 3 , mesylates claim 3 , nitrates or tosylates.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional hydroxyl compound.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional Calkanol claim 1 , Calkenol claim 1 , or Calkynol.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is an aromatic alcohol.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is phenol claim 1 , benzyl alcohol or derivatives thereof.13. The process of claim 2 , wherein the so-formed electron deficient olefin precursor is a cyanoacetate.14. The process of claim 1 , wherein EWG represents an electron withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of cyano or nitrile claim 1 , alkoxy or aryloxy claim 1 ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTRON DEFICIENT OLEFINS

This invention relates to a process for producing electron deficient olefins, such as 2-cyanoacrylates, using an acid catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction. 1. A process for the preparation of a reactive electron deficient olefin , steps of which comprise:(a) reacting a cyanoacetate and a source of aldehyde, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield a cyanoacrylate;(b) optionally, separating from the mixture the so formed cyanoacrylate substantially free from the cyanoacetate, the source of aldehyde and/or the catalyst, and by-products.2. A process for the preparation of a reactive electron deficient olefin , steps of which comprise:(a) reacting an electron deficient olefin precursor and a source of aldehyde, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield an electron deficient olefin;(b) optionally, separating from the mixture the so formed electron deficient olefin substantially free from the cyanoacetate, the source of aldehyde and/or the catalyst, and by-products.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the electron deficient olefin precursor is an ester of cyanoacetic acid.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde compound is a member selected from the group consisting of paraformaldehyde claim 1 , formalin claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-trioxan claim 1 , methylene diacetate claim 1 , dimethoxymethane and acrolein.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the electron deficient olefin is a biscyanoacrylate claim 2 , biscyanopentadienoate claim 2 , biscyanohexadienoate claim 2 , or a bis-alkylene derived from dimalonates or malononitrile and combinations thereof.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the electron deficient olefin is a compound having one end terminating with a cyanoacrylate claim 1 , cyanopentadienoate claim 1 , cyanohexadienoate claim ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTRON DEFICIENT OLEFINS

This invention relates to a process for preparing electron deficient olefins, such as 2-cyanoacrylates, using an acid catalyzed two-step process including an esterification reaction followed by a Knoevenagel condensation reaction. 1. A process for the preparation of a cyanoacrylate , steps of which comprise:(a) reacting cyanoacetic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield a cyanoacetate;(b) reacting the so formed cyanoacetate from step (a) with a source of aldehyde, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield a cyanoacrylate; and(c) optionally, separating from the mixture the so formed cyanoacrylate substantially free from the cyanoacetic acid, the alcohol and/or the catalyst and by-products.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element has one or more ligands bound to the element(s).4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a lanthanide element.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a transition element.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises ytterbium.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises niobium.8. The process of claim 3 , wherein the one or more ligands is selected from halogens claim 3 , triflates claim 3 , nitrates claim 3 , mesylates or tosylates.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional hydroxyl compound.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional Calkanol claim 1 , Calkenol claim 1 , Calkynol.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is an aromatic alcohol.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is phenol claim 1 , benzyl alcohol and derivatives thereof.13. The process of ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTRON DEFICIENT OLEFIN PRECURSORS

This invention relates to a process for producing electron deficient olefin precursors, such as 2-cyanoacetates, using an acid catalyzed esterification reaction. 1. A process for the preparation of a cyanoacetate , steps of which comprise:(a) reacting cyanoacetic acid and an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element, under appropriate conditions and for a time sufficient to yield a cyanoacetate;(b) optionally, separating from the mixture the so formed cyanoacetate substantially free from the cyanoacetic acid, the alcohol, and/or catalyst, and by-products.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprising a lanthanide element or a transition element has one or more ligands bound to the element(s).4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a lanthanide element.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a transition element.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises ytterbium.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises niobium claim 1 , zirconium or scandium.8. The process of claim 3 , wherein the one or more ligands is selected from halogens claim 3 , triflates claim 3 , mesylates claim 3 , nitrates or tosylates.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional hydroxyl compound.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is any mono- claim 1 , di- or multi-functional Calkanol claim 1 , Calkenol claim 1 , or Calkynol.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is an aromatic alcohol.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is phenol claim 1 , benzyl alcohol or derivatives thereof.13. The process of claim 2 , wherein the so-formed electron deficient olefin precursor is a cyanoacetate.14. The process of claim 1 , wherein EWG represents an electron withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of cyano or nitrile claim 1 , alkoxy or aryloxy claim 1 , carboxyl claim 1 , sulphonic ...

CATALYTIC COMPOSITES COMPRISING Nb2O5/CeO2 SCR COMPONENT

The present disclosure provides SCR catalyst compositions, catalyst articles, and catalyst systems, as well as methods of reducing the amount of NOx present in an engine exhaust gas, particularly exhaust from a gasoline engine. The catalyst compositions particularly can comprise a doped ceria substrate, particularly a ceria support doped with at least a niobia component, and optionally further doped with a further material, particularly a base metal oxide (BMO).

UPGRADING FUSEL OIL MIXTURES OVER HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS TO HIGHER VALUE RENEWABLE CHEMICALS

This present disclosure relates to catalytic processes for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable chemicals, via mixed metal oxide or zeolite catalysts. Disclosed herein are processes passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over various mixed metal oxide catalysts, metal doped zeolites, or non-metal doped zeolites and/or metal oxides providing options to valorize fusel oil mixtures to higher value products. Renewable chemicals formed, via these upgrading catalyst platforms, are comprised of, but not limited to, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), di-isobutyl ketone (DIBK), isoamylene, and isoprene. 1. A process for preparing a renewable chemical , comprising:{'sub': 3', '6, '(a) feeding to a reactor a reactor feed comprising a mixture of C-Calcohols at a concentration of at least about 75 wt. %; and'}{'sub': 3', '6', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z, '(b) contacting the mixture of C-Calcohols with a mixed oxide catalyst in the reactor, the mixed oxide catalyst having a formula Zn/Mg/Cu/Mn/Zr, whereby the mixture is converted to at least one renewable chemical at a yield of at least about 25 wt. %,'} (i) V is 1 to 10, W is 1 to 50, X is 0 to 20, Y is 1 to 50, Z is 1 to 180, wherein atomic ratios of each of V and W, relative to Y or Z, are each 1 to 10, and wherein atomic ratios for Y and Z relative to each other is 1 to 16; or', '(ii) V is 0 to 10, W is 0 to 50, X is 0 to 20, Y is 1 to 50, Z is 1 to 180, wherein atomic ratios of each of V and W, relative to Y or Z, are each 0 to 10, and wherein atomic ratios for Y and Z relative to each other is 3 to 6., 'wherein either'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratios for Y and Z relative to each other is 1 to 6.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratios for Y and Z relative to each other is 2 to 16.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one renewable chemical is methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK).5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the yield of the ...

Butadiene production system and butadiene production method

A butadiene production system and a butadiene production method are provided in which butadiene can be produced with a high yield. The butadiene production system ( 1 ) includes: a gas preparation device ( 10 ) that heats raw materials to prepare a mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide; an ethanol production device ( 12 ) that is provided downstream of the gas preparation device ( 10 ) and brings the mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a first catalyst to obtain ethanol; a butadiene production device ( 16 ) that is provided downstream of the ethanol production device ( 12 ) and brings the ethanol into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene; and return means ( 18 ) for returning hydrogen, which is produced as a by-product in the butadiene production device ( 16 ), to the ethanol production device ( 12 ). In addition, in the butadiene production method, the butadiene production system ( 1 ) is used.

Three-way Catalyst Systems Including Fe-activated Rh and Ba-Pd Material Compositions

Three way catalysts (TWCs) for catalyst systems are disclosed. The disclosed TWC systems include Iron (Fe)-activated Rhodium (Rh) and Barium (Ba)-Palladium (Pd) layers capable of interacting with conventional and/or non-conventional catalyst supports and additives. Variations of TWC system samples are produced including Fe-activated Rh layers deposited onto a washcoat (WC) layer having one or more of an oxygen storage material (OSM). Other TWC system samples are produced including an impregnation (IMPG) layer having loading variations of Ba within a Pd, Ce, and Nd applied onto an OSM WC layer, and a further overcoat layer including Fe-activated Rh is applied onto the IMPG layer. The catalytic performance of disclosed TWC catalysts is evaluated by performing a series of light-off tests, wide pulse perturbation tests, and standard isothermal oxygen storage capacity oscillating tests. Disclosed TWC catalysts exhibit high catalytic performance and significant oxygen storage capacity. 1. A catalyst system , comprising:a substrate;a washcoat deposited on the substrate;at least one impregnation layer; andan overcoat;wherein the washcoat comprises at least one of the group consisting of about 10 (w/w) to about 75 (w/w) cerium oxide, about 25 (w/w) to about 90 (w/w) zirconium-hafnium oxide, about 0 (w/w) to about 15 (w/w) lanthanum oxide, about 0 (w/w) to about 15 (w/w) neodymium oxide, about 0 (w/w) to about 15 (w/w) yttrium oxide, and about 0 (w/w) to about 15 (w/w) praseodymium oxide;wherein the at least one impregnation layer comprises rhodium at about 1 g/ft3 to about 20 g/ft3 and iron at about 60 g/ft3 to about 630 g/ft3; andwherein the overcoat comprises at least one of the group consisting of a second oxygen storage material, support oxides, barium carbonate, doped Alumina, strontium carbonate, and combinations thereof.2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat is platinum group metal free.3. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the washcoat ...

Nb-Zr-Al-Mixed Oxide Supports for Rh Layer use in TWC Converters

The present disclosure describes support oxides, including include Niobium Oxide, which are employed in three-way catalytic (TWC) systems. Disclosed herein are TWC sample systems that are configured to include a substrate and one or more of a washcoat layer, an impregnation layer, and/or an overcoat layer. The disclosed one or more of washcoat layer and/or overcoat layer are formed using a slurry that includes an oxide mixture and an Oxygen Storage Material. The disclosed oxide mixtures include niobium oxide (Nb2O5), zirconia, and alumina. Further, other disclosed oxide mixtures additionally include NiO. 1. A catalyst system , comprising:a substrate;a washcoat deposited on the substrate; andan overcoat;wherein at least one of the group consisting of the washcoat and the overcoat comprises about 20 (w/w) to about 80 (w/w) of an oxide mixture and 0 (w/w) to about 80 wt % of an oxygen storage material; andwherein the oxide mixture comprises about 1 (w/w) to about 25 (w/w) niobium oxide, about 1 (w/w) to about 60 (w/w) zirconia, and about 30 (w/w) to about 98 (w/w) alumina.2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the oxide mixture further comprises about 0 (w/w) to about 2 (w/w) NiO.3. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the oxide mixture consists of niobium oxide claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , and alumina.4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the oxide mixture consists of niobium oxide claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , NiO claim 1 , and alumina.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the oxide mixture comprises about 1 (w/w) to about 50 (w/w) zirconia.6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the group consisting of the washcoat and the overcoat comprises about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % of an oxide mixture and 0 (w/w) to about 40 (w/w) of an oxygen storage material.7. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the group consisting of the washcoat and the overcoat is loaded with about 7.4 g/ftto about 25.7 g/ftrhodium ...

METAL OXIDE CATALYST SYSTEMS FOR CONVERSION OF ETHANOL TO BUTADIENE

A process includes reacting a feed stream containing ethanol and optionally acetaldehyde in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system having a Group 4 or Group 5 metal oxide and a support. The process includes obtaining a product stream containing butadiene from the dehydration reactor. Another process includes reacting a feed stream containing ethanol and optionally acetaldehyde in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system containing a tungsten oxide supported on a zeolite or a tantalum oxide supported on a zeolite. The process includes obtaining a product stream containing butadiene from the dehydration reactor. 1. A process comprising:reacting a feed stream comprising ethanol in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system comprising a Group 4 metal oxide and a support; andobtaining a product stream comprising butadiene from the dehydration reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream further comprises acetaldehyde.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system contains only a single metal oxide claim 1 , wherein the single metal oxide comprises a Group 4 metal oxide.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system contains a Group 4 metal oxide that comprises a zirconium metal oxide.5. (canceled)6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises a bimetallic catalyst system containing only two metal oxides claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the two metal oxides comprises a Group 4 metal oxide or a Group 5 metal oxide.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises a trimetallic catalyst system containing only three metal oxides claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the three metal oxides comprises a Group 4 metal oxide or a Group 5 metal oxide.8. The process of claim 1 , the dehydration catalyst system comprises a cobalt-zirconium oxide claim 1 , a cerium-zirconium ...

Nb Oxide Embedded In Carbon And Its Use For Making Active And Durable Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts

The present particles, compositions and methods are Nb-oxide embedded carbon based electrocatalysts. In one embodiment, a carbon based support particle is provided having NbO(0 ≤x≤2 is average value of amorphous low-oxidation-state niobium oxides) and a catalytically active metal deposited thereupon. In one embodiment, a method is provided of embedding niobium oxides into pores of carbon black, which involves filling about 4 nm pores on Ketjenblack EC 600JD (KB) with Nb(V) ethoxide by sonication, and decomposing/reducing dried Nb(V) precursor in carbon to ≤5 nm particles of NbO. The embedded, small metal or metal oxide particles over porous carbon surface may find applications in fuel cell and battery technologies. The present compositions can be used for fabricating active and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). 1. A particle comprising:a carbon support particle having a surface with a plurality of pores; anda first metal or first metal compound within or capping the plurality of pores.2. The particle according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal compound is NbO claim 1 , and NbOis embedded in at least one of the plurality of pores claim 1 , wherein x is a number greater than 0 and equal to or less than 2; and{'sub': 'x', 'a second metal or second metal compound is catalytically active and is deposited on the NbO.'}3. The particle according to claim 2 , wherein x is 1 or 2.4. The particle according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytically active metal comprises a noble metal.5. The particle according to claim 4 , wherein the noble metal comprises at least one metal selected from ruthenium (Ru) claim 4 , rhodium (Rh) claim 4 , palladium (Pd) claim 4 , silver (Ag) claim 4 , rhenium (Re) claim 4 , osmium (Os) claim 4 , iridium (Ir) claim 4 , platinum (Pt) claim 4 , and gold (Au).6. The particle according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon support particle has an average diameter of between about 10 nm to about 100 nm.7. The particle according to claim 1 ...

POROUS MEMBER AND CATALYST MEMBER

A porous member includes a base member and carbon nanostructures. The base member includes a porous body having a porosity of more than or equal to 80%. The carbon nanostructures are formed on a surface of the base member, and have a width of less than or equal to 100 nm. A catalyst member includes a catalyst arranged on surfaces of the carbon nano structures. 1. A porous member , comprising:a base member including a porous body having a porosity of more than or equal to 80%; andcarbon nanostructures formed on a surface of said base member and having a width of less than or equal to 100 nm.2. The porous member according to claim 1 , whereina plurality of fine pores are formed in the surface of said base member, andin said base member, said carbon nanostructures are formed from said surface to side walls of said fine pores located inside said surface.3. The porous member according to claim 1 , wherein a material constituting said base member includes metal.4. The porous member according to claim 1 , wherein a material constituting said base member includes ceramics.5. The porous member according to claim 1 , wherein pressure loss when the porous member has a thickness of 10 mm and a measured wind velocity is 2 m/s is less than or equal to 1000 Pa.6. A catalyst member claim 1 , comprising a catalyst arranged on a surface of each of said carbon nanostructures of the porous member according to .7. The catalyst member according to claim 6 , wherein said catalyst is a particulate substance dispersedly arranged on the surface of each of said carbon nanostructures.8. The catalyst member according to claim 6 , wherein said catalyst is a film-like substance covering at least a portion of a side wall of each of said carbon nanostructures.9. The catalyst member according to claim 6 , wherein said catalyst includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of platinum claim 6 , gold claim 6 , vanadium claim 6 , chromium claim 6 , manganese claim 6 , iron claim 6 , ...

Photocatalyst complex

Provided are a titanium dioxide-coated upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) and a photocatalyst complex containing a gold nanorod (GNR) combined with the titanium dioxide-coated UCNP.

METHOD FOR RECOVERING THE OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS CONTAINED IN AQUEOUS FRACTIONS DERIVED FROM BIOMASS

The present invention relates to a method for producing mixtures of hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds for subsequent use as fuel components (preferably in the C5-C16 range) by catalytic conversion of the oxygenated compounds contained in aqueous fractions derived from primary biomass treatments, which can comprise at least the following steps: (i) bringing the aqueous mixture containing the oxygenated compounds derived from biomass in contact with a catalyst comprising at least W and/or Nb, and combinations of Nb and W with other elements, (ii) reacting the mixture with the catalyst in a catalytic reactor at temperatures between 50° C. and 450° C. and under pressures of 1 to 120 bar; and (iii) recovering the products obtained by a liquid/liquid separation process of the aqueous and organic phases. 1. A method for producing mixtures of hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds , characterised in that it comprises , at least , the following stages:(a) bringing an aqueous mixture containing oxygenated compounds derived from primary biomass treatments in contact with a catalyst, comprising at least W and/or Nb and that, in its calcined form, has at least one material ordered along one of the crystallographic axes and an X-ray diffractogram wherein at least diffraction lines corresponding to angles 2θ to 22.7±0.4 and 46.6±0.4 are observed;(b) reacting the mixture with the catalyst in a catalytic reactor at temperatures between 50° C. and 450° C. and pressures of 1 to 120 bar; and(c) recovering the products obtained in stage (b) by means of a liquid/liquid separation process of the aqueous and organic phases.2. The method claim 1 , according to claim 1 , characterised in that the catalyst has the empirical formula:{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e, 'WNbAHO'} A is a metal of the group of alkaline and alkaline earth metals,', 'B is a chemical element of the group of transition metals, rare earth or elements of groups III,', 'a and b are comprised between 0 and 12.0, ...

Enhancing photocatalytic water splitting efficiency of weyl semimetals by a magnetic field

The present disclosure refers to increasing the catalytic efficiency of Weyl semimetals by subjecting Weyl semimetals to an external magnetic field of greater than 0 T, for example greater than 0.1 T. In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure the Weyl semimetal is selected from the group consisting of NbP, TaP, NbAs and TaAs.

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR THE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANES OR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

Improved methods of oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of short chain alkanes or ethylbenzene to the corresponding olefins, and improved methods of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethylene and/or ethane, are disclosed. The disclosed methods use boron- or nitride-containing catalysts, and result in improved selectivity and/or byproduct profiles than methods using conventional ODH or OCM catalysts. 1. A method of making one or more desired chemical products , comprising contacting a heterogeneous catalyst comprising boron , a nitride , or both , with oxygen and one or more liquid or gaseous reactants , whereby the heterogeneous catalyst catalyzes the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants or oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to form the one or more desired chemical products.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heterogeneous catalyst comprises a boron nitride that is functionalized with an Omoiety (—O—O—).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Omoiety is covalently bonded to a boron atom and a nitrogen atom of the boron nitride claim 2 , forming a >B—O—O—N< moiety.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the >B—O—O—N< moiety is at the surface of the boron nitride.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the >B—O—O—N< moiety occurs at an armchair edge of the boron nitride.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the >B—O—O—N< moiety acts as the catalytic active site.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the heterogeneous catalyst catalyzes ODH.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:(a) the heterogeneous catalyst catalyzes the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants;(b) the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants include an alkane or a hydrocarbon comprising an alkyl group; and(c) the one or more desired chemical products include one or more olefins or one or more hydrocarbons comprising an alkenyl group.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants include methane claim 1 , ...

Methods and compositions for desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels

Sulfur is removed from a hydrocarbon fuel via contact with a desulfurization agent; the desulfurization agent is then regenerated (wherein sulfur is released) by exposing it to oxygen. The sulfur removal and regeneration processes each can be carried out at relatively moderate temperatures, e.g., from 300 to 600° C., and pressure, e.g., about 0.79 to about 3.5 MPa; and the desulfurization agent can include a transition metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide. The process can also include the additional steps of cracking the hydrocarbon, separating high-boiling and low-boiling fractions from the reaction product and contacting the lower-boiling fraction with a secondary desulfurization agent.

Catalyst for low temperature slurry bed fischer-tropsch synthesis

A method for controllably producing a hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by combining an iron nitrate solution with a precipitating agent solution at a precipitating temperature and over a precipitation time to form a precipitate comprising iron phases; holding the precipitate from at a hold temperature for a hold time to provide a hematite containing precipitate; and washing the hematite containing precipitate via contact with a wash solution and filtering, to provide a washed hematite containing catalyst. The method may further comprise promoting the washed hematite containing catalyst with a chemical promoter; spray drying the promoted hematite containing catalyst; and calcining the spray dried hematite containing catalyst to provide a calcined hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Catalyst for low temperature slurry bed fischer-tropsch synthesis

A method for controllably producing a hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by combining an iron nitrate solution with a precipitating agent solution at a precipitating temperature and over a precipitation time to form a precipitate comprising iron phases; holding the precipitate from at a hold temperature for a hold time to provide a hematite containing precipitate; and washing the hematite containing precipitate via contact with a wash solution and filtering, to provide a washed hematite containing catalyst. The method may further comprise promoting the washed hematite containing catalyst with a chemical promoter; spray drying the promoted hematite containing catalyst; and calcining the spray dried hematite containing catalyst to provide a calcined hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Catalyst and method for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas

Catalysts and methods for their manufacture and use for the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas are disclosed. The catalysts comprise ZnO, CuO, ZrO 2 , alumina and one or more of boron oxide, tantalum oxide, phosphorus oxide and niobium oxide. The catalysts may also comprise ceria. The catalysts described herein are able to synthesize dimethyl ether directly from synthesis gas, including synthesis gas that is rich in carbon monoxide.

Catalyst and method for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas

Catalysts and methods for their manufacture and use for the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas are disclosed. The catalysts comprise ZnO, CuO, ZrO2, alumina and one or more of boron oxide, tantalum oxide, phosphorus oxide and niobium oxide. The catalysts may also comprise ceria. The catalysts described herein are able to synthesize dimethyl ether directly from synthesis gas, including synthesis gas that is rich in carbon monoxide.

Scr catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides

The present invention provides for catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. The catalysts comprise metal oxide supporters, vanadium, an active material, and antimony, a promoter that acts as a catalyst for reduction of nitrogen oxides, and at the same time, can promote higher sulfur poisoning resistance and low temperature catalytic activity. The amount of antimony of the catalysts is preferably 0.5-7 wt %.