КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ АЗОТИРОВАННОГО СМЕШАННОГО ОКСИДА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТИЛЕН-НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ ИЛИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ

Изобретение относится к способу получения α, β этилен-ненасыщенных карбоновых кислот или сложных эфиров, содержащему этапы, где вызывают контакт формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром формулы R-CH-COOR, где Rобозначает водород или алкильную группу, a Rобозначает водород, алкильную или арильную группу, в присутствии катализатора и возможно в присутствии спирта, где данный катализатор содержит азотированный оксид металла, имеющий, по меньшей мере, два типа катионов металлов Ми М, где Мвыбирают из металлов или металлоидов группы 3, 4, 13 (также называемой IIIA) или 14 (также называемой IVA) Периодической таблицы, и Мвыбирают из металлов металлоидов или фосфора группы 5 или 15 (также называемой VA) Периодической таблицы. Изобретение также относится к каталитической системе для реакции формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром формулы R-CH-COOR, где Rобозначает водород или алкильную группу, a Rобозначает ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНВЕРСИЯ МОЛОЧНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ В АКРИЛОВУЮ КИСЛОТУ

В данной заявке описана каталитическая дегидратация молочной кислоты в акриловую кислоту, отличающаяся высокой конверсией молочной кислоты, высокой селективностью получения акриловой кислоты, высоким выходом акриловой кислоты и соответственно низкой селективностью получения и мольными выходами нежелательных побочных продуктов. Смешанный фосфатный катализатор для конверсии молочной кислоты в акриловую кислоту содержит, по меньшей мере, две различные фосфатные соли, выбранные из группы, состоящей из формул (I), (II), (III) и (IV):где Z представляет собой металл I группы, и где в каждой из формул (II)-(IV) каждый X независимо представляет собой металл I группы или II группы, при следующих условиях:в формуле (II), если X представляет собой металл I группы, то а означает 0, и если X представляет собой металл II группы, то а означает 1;в формуле (III), если X представляет собой металл I группы, то b означает 1, и если X представляет собой металл II группы, то b означает 0; и,в формуле (IV), если ...

ФОСФОРСОДЕРЖАЩИЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ОКСИГЕНАТОВ В ОЛЕФИНЫ

Изобретение относится к способу приготовления фосфорсодержащего катализатора, включающему следующие стадии: (a) экструдирование смеси, которая содержит цеолит и оксид алюминия или гидрат оксида алюминия, в качестве связующего, (b) кальцинирование полученного на стадии (а) экструдата, (c) обработка полученного на стадии (b) кальцинированного экструдата водяным паром, (d) нанесение фосфорсодержащего соединения на обработанный водяным паром экструдат со стадии (с) и (e) кальцинирование модифицированного фосфором экструдата со стадии (d), причем массовая доля фосфора в полученном после стадии (е) катализаторе составляет от 0,8 до 2,5 мас. %. Также изобретение относится к катализатору превращения оксигенатов в олефины, способу получения олефинов из оксигенатов и применению катализатора для превращения оксигенатов в олефины. Получаемый катализатор обладает увеличенным сроком службы при остающейся неизменно селективности и увеличенной степени превращения. 4 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил., 2 табл., 7 ...

ОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ РАСТВОРЫ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НЕРАСТВОРИМЫХЧАСТИЦ ФОСФАТОВ ИЛИ ПИРОФОСФАТОВ ЧЕТЫРЕХВАЛЕНТНОГО МЕТАЛЛА, ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ МОДИФИКАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ И ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННОЙ МЕМБРАНЫ ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, РАБОТАЮЩИХ ПРИ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ БОЛЕЕ 90°C И/ИЛИ ПРИ НИЗКОЙ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ ВЛАЖНОСТИ

... 1. Органический раствор, содержащий соли четырехвалентных металлов и фосфорную кислоту, из которого после выпаривания растворителя может быть непосредственно получено по меньшей мере одно из нерастворимых соединений, имеющих структуру М(IV)(О3Р-ОН)2, М(IV)[О2Р(ОН)2]2[О2РО(ОН)] и М(IV)Р2O7, где M(IV) представляет собой четырехвалентный металл. 2. Органический раствор по п.1, где анион для четырехвалентного металла предпочтительно выбран из карбоксилатов, хлоридов, алкоголятов. 3. Органический раствор по п.1 или 2, где четырехвалентные металлы выбраны из Zr, Hf, Ti или их смесей. 4. Органический раствор по п.3, где соли циркония и гафния выбраны из оксид-пропионата и/или хлорида цирконила или гафния, или тетрахлорида гафния, а соль представляет собой алкоголят титана. 5. Органический раствор по п.1, где органический растворитель выбран из основных растворителей, таких как N-метил-2-пирролидон, N, N-диметилацетамид, N,N-диметилформамид, диметилсульфоксид, диоксан, тетрагидрофуран, ацетонитрил ...

Каталическая конверсия гидроксипропионовой кислоты или ее ее производных в акриловую кислоту и ее производные

... 1. Способ получения акриловой кислоты, производных акриловой кислоты или их смесей, включающий стадию, на которой вводят в контакт поток, содержащий гидроксипропионовую кислоту, производные гидроксипропионовой кислоты или их смеси, с катализатором, содержащим:(a) по меньшей мере, один анион конденсированного фосфата, который выбирают из группы, состоящей из формул (I), (II) и (III)где n составляет, по меньшей мере, 2 и m составляет, по меньшей мере, 1; и(b) по меньшей мере, два различных катиона,при этом катализатор, по существу, нейтрально заряжен; и дополнительно при этом мольное соотношение фосфора и указанных, по меньшей мере, двух различных катионов составляет от приблизительно 0,7 до приблизительно 1,7, с получением таким образом акриловой кислоты, производных акриловой кислоты или их смесей в результате приведения в контакт указанного потока с указанным катализатором.2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что указанный поток дополнительно содержит:(a) разбавитель; и(b) инертный газ ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ГИДРОТЕРМАЛЬНОГО СЖИЖЕНИЯ БИОМАССЫ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализаторам для гидротермального сжижения биомассы растительного происхождения и может быть использовано при получении альтернативных жидких моторных топлив. Катализатор нахадится во фторированной и/или сульфатированной форме и содержит, мас.%: оксид стронция или оксид титана, или оксид олова, или их смесь 1-50, мелкодисперсный алюмосодержащий оксидный носитель, включающий фосфаты или арсенаты алюминия - остальное, до 100. Достигаемый технический результат заключается в повышении активности катализатора за счет его большей удельной поверхности и наличия изомеризующего компонента. При этом высокое значение удельной поверхности катализатора приводит к повышенному содержанию бензиновой составляющей, а изомеризующая функция используемого катализатора в условиях реакции гидротермального сжижения приводит к повышению октанового числа бензиновой фракции, содержащейся в полученной бионефти. Кроме того, использование описываемого катализатора приводит к улучшению низкотемпературных ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АКРИЛОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ИЗ МОЛОЧНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ИЛИ ЕЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ В ЖИДКОЙ ФАЗЕ

Изобретение относится к расплавленному солевому катализатору для получения акриловой кислоты, производных акриловой кислоты или их смесей, содержащему ионную жидкость (ИЖ) и кислоту; причем указанная ИЖ имеет катион фосфония и бромидный анион (Br); при этом указанная кислота растворима в указанной ИЖ и выбрана из группы, состоящей из кислоты Льюиса, кислоты Бренстеда и их смесей; причем указанная кислота Льюиса выбрана из группы, состоящей из CaBr, MgBr, AlBr, CuBrи их смесей; и при этом указанная кислота Бренстеда имеет pKменее 5 в воде при 25 °C. Технический результат заключается в увеличении выхода акриловой кислоты, производных акриловой кислоты или их смесей. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл., 140 пр.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ИЗОМЕРИЗАЦИИ АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

... 1. Ионообменный катализатор изомеризации ксилола, содержащий: ! 1) от 1 до 99 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного цеолита, выбранного из MFI, MEL, EUO, FER, MFS, МТТ, MTW, TON, MOR, и FAU; ! 2) от 1 до 99 мас.%, связующего вещества, содержащего фосфат алюминия; и ! 3) не больше чем 350 мас. ppm, благородного металла в расчете на массу катализатора, в котором катализатор имеет отношение (площадь CO)/(мас.% благородного металла) не больше чем 0,10. ! 2. Ионообменный катализатор изомеризации ксилола по п.1, в котором катализатор содержит от 150 до 350 мас. ppm благородного металла. ! 3. Ионообменный катализатор изомеризации ксилола по п.1, в котором благородный металл содержит платину. ! 4. Ионообменный катализатор изомеризации ксилола по п.1, в котором катализатор содержит: ! от 10 до 90 мас.%, связующего вещества; и ! от 10 до 90 мас.%, цеолита ! 5. Ионообменный катализатор изомеризации ксилола по п.1, в котором катализатор имеет отношение (площадь CO)/(мас.% благородного металла) от 0,05 до ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ АЗОТИРОВАННОГО СМЕШАННОГО ОКСИДА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТИЛЕН-НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ ИЛИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ

... 1. Способ получения этилен-ненасыщенных карбоновых кислот или сложных эфиров, предпочтительно α, β этилен-ненасыщенных карбоновых кислот или сложных эфиров, содержащий этапы, где вызывают контакт формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром в присутствии катализатора и возможно в присутствии спирта, где данный катализатор содержит азотированный оксид металла, имеющий, по меньшей мере, два типа катионов металлов Ми М, где Мвыбирают из металлов группы 2, 3, 4, 13 (также называемой IIIA) или 14 (также называемой IVA) периодической таблицы, и Мвыбирают из металлов группы 5 или 15 (также называемой VA) периодической таблицы.2. Способ по п.1, где азотированный оксид металла состоит из от двух до четырех катионов металла и анионов кислорода и азота.3. Способ по любому из пп.1 или 2, где металл типа Мвыбирают из одного или нескольких металлов в списке, состоящем из: - Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sc, Y, La, Ac, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Hf и Rf ...

KATALYSIERTE GASPHASENISOMERISIERUNG VON NICHT KONJUGIERTEN 2-ALKYL-3-MONOALKENNITRILEN

Fester kristalliner Phosphorsäure-Katalysator für die Umwandlung von Kohlenwasserstoffen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkoholen

Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Esterverbindung und Verwendung eines Katalysators

Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Esterverbindung, umfassend die Umesterung eines Alkohols, einer Carbonsäure oder einer Esterverbindung mit einem Ausgangsester in der Gegenwart eines Katalysators, umfassend ein Phosphat aus zumindest einem Metall, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Aluminium, Gallium und Eisen, und ein Element ausgewählt aus Barsäure und einem Erdalkalielement.

FOUNDRY CASTING FORMS

... 1387628 Curing catalyst WHITE SEA & BALTIC CO Ltd 5 May 1972 [5 May 1971] 13316/71 Heading B1E [Also in Division C3] A homogeneous liquid composition for use as catalyst in a method of forming a foundry mould from a mixture of foundry sand, an aqueous resin composition and a catalyst for the resin comprises orthophosphoric acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid and contains less than 15% by weight water. The Examples refer to catalyst compositions containing orthophosphoric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and water in % by weight as follows:- (1) 66.9 (orthophosphoric acid), 33 (p-toluene sulphonic acid), 0.1 (water); (2) 58.0, 40.0, 2.0; (3) 52.5, 40.0, 7.5; (4) 58, 33.5, 8.5; (6) 71.9, 20, 8.1; and (7) 43.3, 49.9, 6.8.

CATALYTIC OXYDEHYDROGENATION OF ISOBUTYRIC ACID TO METHACRYLIC ACID

Catalyst and method for preparing a catalyst

PHOSPHATE COMPOSITIONS

... 1379561 Aluminium phosphate coating for saw blade IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 18 Oct 1972 [19 Oct 1971] 48577/71 Heading B5L [Also in Divisions C1 and B2] A saw blade coating composition comprises aluminium ions, phosphate ions and anionic groups (e.g. anions of carboxylic acid or strong mineral acid including mineral oxyacid other than a hydrogen halide or oxyphosphorus acid) dissolved in a solvent medium which is at least partially organic, the proportion of aluminium ions to phosphate ions being in the range 1 : 0À8 to 1 : 1À3 and the proportion of anionic groups to aluminium ions being in the range 1 : 2 to 3 : 1. The composition may additionally comprise boron nitride or molybdenum disulphide or carbon monofluoride and may be sprayed on to a steel saw blade and the coating dried and cured for 2 hours at 200‹ C. to produce a hard film enabling improved cutting.

PHOSPHA-ALUMINA GEL AND METHOD OF PREPARATION

Catalytic process of condensation of organic compounds unsaturated and catalyst for its implementation.

PROCESS FOR THE DEHYDROGENATION OF GLYCEROL TOO ACROLEIN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON TERPINEOL

CATALYSIS THE DIKETOPIPERAZINSYNTHESE

PROCEDURE FOR THE CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION FROM ISO BUTTER ACID TO METHACRYLSAEURE

PROCEDURE FOR THE CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF ISOBUTTERSAEURE TOO METHACRYLSAEURE

COMPOSITION ON THE BASIS OF ALUMINOPHOSPHATE WITH A LARGE PORENVOLUMEN AND A LARGE PORE DIAMETER, PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND USE OF IT

CATALYZED GASEOUS PHASE ISOMERIZATION OF NOT CONJUGATED ONE 2-ALKYL-3-MONOALKENNITRILEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A KATALYSATORTRÄGERS, A CATALYST AND A PROCEDURE FOR OLEFINPOLYMERISATION

PROCEDURE FOR HYDRATION OF OLEFINEN

HYDROCARBON STEAMCRACKING CATALYST FOR THE OLEFINHERSTELLUNG, MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR IT AND OLEFINHERSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN USING THE CATALYST

CATALYST FOR THE HYDRATISIEREN OF OLEFINEN

ENTALUMINIERTER KATALYSATORTRÄGER, PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION of the KATALYSATORTRÄGERS AND PROCEDURE FOR HYDRATISIERUNG OF C2 OR C3-OLEFINEN WITH WATER IN PRESENCE of a CATALYST, WHICH EXISTS FROM THIS WITH ACID SOAKED KATALYSATORTRÄGER

Procedure for the production of Melamin from cyanic acid

Procedure for the mono alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons

HIGH PORE VOLUME ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE

Method of synthesizing zirconium phosphate particles

Zirconium phosphate particles are synthesized by providing a solution of zirconium oxychloride in an aqueous solvent, reducing hydration and agglomeration of the zirconium, combining this solution with phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid salt to obtain zirconium phosphate particles by sol gel precipitation.

Process for the preparation of a catalyst support, catalyst for olefin polymerization and process for the polymerization of olefins with said catalyst

Zeolite catalyst activity enhancement by aluminum phosphate and phosphorus

TETRAVALENT METAL ACID TRIPHOSPHATES

This invention is based on the preparation of new solid acid triphosphates with compositions of the general formula M(IV)(HPO4)(H2PO4)2, where M(IV) is a tetravalent metal or a mixture of tetravalent metals. These compounds are insoluble in water the greater part of most organic solvents. They show a high non-water assisted protonic conductivity (about 0.01 - 0.04 S/cm at 100 ~C and a relative humidity lower than 1 %). These compounds can be used as proton conduction separators in electrochemical devices, to operate at low relative humidity values, as for example in different fuel cells, protonic pumps for electrochemical hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of organic compounds, or for hydrogen production from hydrogenated organic compounds by electro-reforming, or also for removing hydrogen from equilibrium reactions. These compounds can also be used in electrochemical sensors, in super capacitors and as acid catalysts in non-aqueous or anhydrous gaseous phases.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NARROW-PORE CATALYST SUPPORTS

K 2465 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NARROW-PORE CATALYST SUPPORTS A process for the preparation of narrow-pore alumina supports having surface areas above 300 m2/g, at least 80% of the pore diameters less than 5 nm, a crush strength greater than 88 N and containing an amount of phosphorus in the range from 0.1% to 4.5% by weight, which process comprises: a) precipitating an acid aluminium salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a phosphorus-containing compound by contact with a basic aluminium compound, b) aging the precipitate at a temperature in the range between 20 .degree.C and 90 .degree.C for at least 15 minutes at a pH in the range between 9.0 to 11.0, c) washing the precipitate, d) drying the precipitate, and e) calcining the precipitate at a temperature ranging from 300 .degree.C to 900 .degree.C. DDR4H04 ...

PRODUCTION OF CONJUGATED DIOLEFINES BY CATALYTIC DEVOMPOSITION OF 1,3-DIOXANES

METHACRYLIC ACID FROM ISOBUTYRIC ACID USING A MODIFIED IRON PHOSPHATE CATALYST

OXYDEHYDROGENATION CATALYST Isobutyric acid is oxidatively dehydrogenated to methacrylic acid by contact with a heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of molecular oxygen. The catalyst is composed of calcined phosphates of iron containing aluminum or gallium as a modifier or dopant component.

PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING A MULTICOMPONENT ACIDIC CATALYST COMPOSITION CONTAINING ZIRCONIUM BY AN ORGANIC SOLUTION METHOD

A process for preparing a catalyst composition wherein a Metal Hydrocarboxide I, such as aluminum secbutoxide, a Metal Hydrocarboxide II, such as zirconium butoxide, an acidic phosphorus-oxygen composition, such as phosphoric acid, and water, are reacted in the presence of a liquid organic medium, such as acetone, to form a catalyst precursor composition, which is then calcined to form the catalyst, is disclosed. The catalyst is useful for condensing carboxylic acids or their ester with aldehydes or acetals to synthesize .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acids or esters, such as methylmethacrylate.

HYDROTREATING CATALYST AND PROCESS

LOW-METAL CONTENT OLEFIN HYDRATION CATALYST AND RELATED PROCESS

SOLID PHOSPHORIC ACID CATALYSTS

The present disclosure relates to solid phosphoric acid (SPA) catalyst compositions useful in the formation of hydrocarbons, such as the oligomerization of olefins, prepared from formable mixtures that comprise a phosphate source and a siliceous support material source in amounts, for example, such that the ratio of the phosphate source and the siliceous support material source is within the range of about 2.9:1 to about 3.4:1 calculated on a weight basis as H3PO4:SiO2, and a dry particulate material.

IN-SITU HYDROGENATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS FOR HEAVY OIL UPGRADING

A method for upgrading a heavy oil includes: disposing a catalyst comprising rhodium and a support in a heavy oil environment, the heavy oil environment including a heavy oil comprising an aromatic compound; introducing hydrogen; and hydrogenating the aromatic compound with the catalyst and hydrogen to upgrade the heavy oil to upgraded oil. A method for converting an asphaltene includes: disposing a supported catalyst in a composition comprising an asphaltene, the supported catalyst being a low temperature catalyst; introducing hydrogen; and hydrogenating the asphaltene to convert the asphaltene into a hydrogenated asphaltene.

CATALYST FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCARBON OIL AND METHOD FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCARBON OIL

A catalyst for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil is provided with which it is possible to produce a gasoline fraction with a high octane number in high yield while inhibiting the yield of heavy fractions from increasing, in particular, it is possible to produce LPG with a high propylene content in high yield. The catalyst for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil is characterized by comprising a given amount of catalyst granules (A) which comprise a zeolite having a sodalite cage structure, silicon derived from a silica sol, phosphorus and aluminum that are derived from aluminum primary phosphate, a clay mineral, and a rare-earth metal and a given amount of catalyst granules (B) which contain a pentasil type zeolite, the ratio represented by (mass of the phosphorus and aluminum derived from aluminum primary phosphate that constitute the catalyst granules (A))/(mass of the pentasil type zeolite constituting the catalyst granules (B)) being 0.015-3,000.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CATALYST FOR THE HYDRATION OF OLEFINS TO GIVE ALCOHOLS

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst from clay minerals and silica gel for the hydration of olefins having 2 to 3 C atoms to give the corresponding alcohols by means of phosphoric acid applied to the carrier, by two-stage acid treatment of this essentially montmorillonite-containing clay, which is contaminated with not more than 3% of accompanying materials, such as quartz, feldspar and mica, and may contain up to 0.5% of K2O, and optionally shaping and calcination between both acid treatments, in which 20 to 40 parts, based on the total dry substance, of fine- particled silica gel are added in a first stage to the clay which is acid-treated to 10-20% by weight, preferably 13-18% by weight, of Al2O3 and has a specific surface area of 200 to 400 m2/g, preferably 240 to 300 m2/g, the mixture is then shaped at a total water content of 40 to 60% by compression and is calcined at 500 to 900.degree.C, and the shaped carrier is then treated in a second stage with ...

CATALYST AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising an acid supported on carrier characterised in that said composition comprises in addition an amino compound.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phosphatdehydratationskatalysatoren

Procédé de préparation d'un catalyseur et catalyseur obtenu selon ce procédé.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acryl- und Methacrylnitril

Katalysator zur Herstellung von Melamin

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Malonsäuredinitril aus Cyanacetamid

Alkylation of benzene with propylene to - give cumene

Cumene is produced by (1) passing benzene or propylene in 4:1-16:1 molar ratio in upflow manner through a substantially liquid fixed bed reaction zone containing solid phosphoric acid catalyst in the presence of an unreactive vapour dispersant in molar ratio propylene to dispersant not greater than 2:1, (2) reacting the benzene and propylene at 300 degrees F-600 degrees F and 300-1000 p.s.i.g., keeping the benzene liquid, (3) withdrawing effluent stream containing benzene, cumene and unreactive vapour dispersant and recovering cumene. Cumene is useful in preparing phenol, acetone, alpha-methylstyrene, acetophenone which are used in synthesis of resins for plastics and nylon. Contamination of cumene by olefin is avoided.

Katalysator zur Herstellung von Melamin

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON SUBSTITUIERTEN IMIDAZOLEN.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Enolacetaten

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Melamin aus Cyansäure

Verfahren zur Herstellung von cyclischen äthylenisch ungesättigten Imiden durch Cyclisierung eines mono-N-substituierten a,B-äthylenisch ungesättigten cis-a,B-Säureamids

Verfahren zur Herstellung von äthylenisch ungesättigten Imiden durch Cyclisierung eines a,B-äthylenisch ungesättigten cis-a,B-Säureamids

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbonsäuren

PROCEDURE FOR THE OXIDE HYDROGENATION OF ISO BUTTER ACID OR PROPIONSAEURE OR METHYLISOBUTYRAT.

TWO-COMPONENT CATALYST SYSTEM AS WELL AS PROCEDURE FOR THE OXIDE HYDROGENATION FROM ISO BUTTER ACID TO METHACRYLSAEURE.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ СИТ

Изобретение относится к способу получения модифицированного щелочно-земельным или редкоземельным металлом и фосфором молекулярного сита (М-Р-модифицированного молекулярного сита), включающему следующие стадии: а) выбор по меньшей мере одного молекулярного сита, выбираемого из Р-модифицированного молекулярного сита, которое содержит по меньшей мере 0,3 мас.% Р, полученного деалюминированием молекулярного сита на стадии обработки паром, за которой следует стадия выщелачивания с использованием раствора кислоты, содержащего источник Р; молекулярного модифицированного сита Р в течение стадии (б) путем деалюминирования молекулярного сита на стадии обработки паром, за которой следует стадия выщелачивания с использованием раствора кислоты, содержащего источник Р, посредством чего вводят по меньшей мере 0,3 мас.% Р; б) приведение указанного молекулярного сита в контакт с соединением, содержащим щелочно-земельный или редкоземельный металл (М-содержащее соединение), для введения по меньшей мере 0,05 ...

CATALYSTS FOR PETROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS

НОВЫЕ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ДЛЯ КРЕКИНГА

Рассматриваются новые каталитические композиции для крекинга фракций сырой нефти. Каталитические композиции содержат основный материал. При использовании в способе крекинга, предпочтительно способе ККВК (FCC), получаемые фракции ЛЦНП (LCO) и ТЦНП (НСО) имеют желательно низкие уровни содержания ароматических соединений. Кроме того, рассматривается одностадийный способ ККВК, использующий каталитическую композицию настоящего изобретения. Также рассматривается двухстадийный способ ККВК для максимизации выхода ЛЦНП.

НОСИТЕЛЬ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА, ОЧИЩЕННЫЙ ОТ АЛЮМИНИЯ, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТОГО НОСИТЕЛЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБ ГИДРАТАЦИИ C2- ИЛИ C3-ОЛЕФИНОВ ВОДОЙ В ПРИСУТСТВИИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА, ПРЕДСТАВЛЯЮЩЕГО СОБОЙ ЭТОТ НОСИТЕЛЬ, ПРОПИТАННЫЙ КИСЛОТОЙ

Изобретение относится к носителю катализатора, очищенному от алюминия, к способу получения носителя катализатора с пониженным содержанием алюминия на основе слоистых силикатных материалов, встречающихся в природе, например монтмориллонита, а также к способу гидратации С2- или С3-олефинов водой, при котором используют носитель катализатора с пониженным содержанием алюминия. Для реакции гидратации, катализируемой кислотой, носитель пропитывают фосфорной кислотой. Улучшение согласно изобретению по сравнению с обычными способами гидратации состоит в том, что не происходит выщелачивание алюминия из носителя в присутствии фосфорной кислоты. И, таким образом, при реакции не будет происходить блокирование фосфатом алюминия последовательно подсоединенных аппаратов.

METHOD FOR CREATING CATALYST, INCLUDING MODIFIED PHOSPHORUS ZEOLITE, SUBJECT TO USE IN THE PROCESS OF DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOL

BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST

SOLID PHOSPHATES CATALYSTS

Hydrolysis method of saccharide compound

Method for producing aromatic diphosphates

Disclosed is a method for producing aromatic diphosphates that comprises a first process: a process of reacting specific aromatic monohydroxy compounds having sterically hindered groups at the ortho-position with phosphorus oxyhalides in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst and then removing unreacted phosphorus oxyhalide under reduced pressure to obtain specific diaryl phosphorohalidates, and a second process: a process of reacting the reaction product obtained in the aforementioned process with 0.5 moles of specific aromatic dihydroxy compounds with respect to 1 mole of halogen contained in said reaction product in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst to obtain specific aromatic diphosphates.

Catalyst in granules and its manufactoring process

Manufactoring process of catalysts

Hydrocarbon catalyst on inorganic oxide boron phosphate carrier - from mixt. of hydrogel and predried hydrogel, esp. carrying nickel and molybdenum for hydrorefining residual oils

Method of preparation of catalysts of polymerization

Method of preparation of alkylated benzene hydrocarbons

CATALYSEUR D'OXYDESHYDROGENATION

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN PERFECTIONNEMENT AU PROCEDE POUR LA CONVERSION CATALYTIQUE DE L'ACIDE ISOBUTYRIQUE EN ACIDE METHACRYLIQUE PAR LA REACTION D'OXYDESHYDROGENATION DANS LAQUELLE ON MET EN CONTACT UN CATALYSEUR AU PHOSPHATE DE FER AVEC UN COURANT D'ALIMENTATION GAZEUX CONTENANT LEDIT SUBSTRAT D'ACIDE ET DE L'OXYGENE A UNE TEMPERATURE ENTRE ENVIRON 300 ET 550C. LE PERFECTIONNEMENT SELON L'INVENTION CONSISTE A EFFECTUER LADITE REACTION D'OXYDESHYDROGENATION EN PRESENCE D'UN CATALYSEUR AU PHOSPHATE DE FER MODIFIE AYANT LA FORMULE EMPIRIQUE SUIVANTE, EN ATOMES-GRAMMES: FEMPO DANS LAQUELLE M REPRESENTE UN METAL CHOISI PARMI LE BORE, L'ALUMINIUM, LE GALLIUM ET L'INDIUM ET DANS LAQUELLE X REPRESENTE LE NOMBRE D'ATOMES D'OXYGENE LIES AUX AUTRES ELEMENTS DANS LEURS ETATS D'OXYDATION RESPECTIFS DANS LE CATALYSEUR.

METHOD OF HYDROTREATING DISTILLATES CUTS USING A CATALYST BASED ON A RUBBER HAVING A HIGH AMORPHOUS CONNECTIVITY

Catalyst for the alkylation of paraffinic hydrocarbons

Catalyseur à base d'un support poreux minéral ou organique et du mélange constitué par l'acide sulfurique, l'acide phosphorique et l'eau, son mode de préparation et son utilisation en alkylation catalytique d'isobutane et/ou d'isopentane en présence d'au moins une oléfine comportant de 3 à 6 atomes de carbone par molécule.

MANUFACTORING PROCESS ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLIC ESTERS FROM TRIGLYCERIDES TO the HETEROGENEOUS MEANS OF CATALYSTS CONTAINING PHOSPHATE OR OF ORGANOPHOSPHORE COMPOSES Of a METAL OF GROUP 4.

Un procédé de fabrication d'une composition d'esters alcooliques d'acides monocarboxyliques linéaires de 6 à 26 atomes de carbone à partir d'une huile végétale ou animale, neutre ou acide, vierge ou recyclée, avec des monoalcools de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone, en présence d'un catalyseur de type phosphate ou d'un composé organophosphoré d'un métal choisi dans le groupe formé par le zirconium, l'hafnium et le titane, permet de fabriquer directement, en une ou plusieurs étapes, un ester utilisable comme carburant ou combustible et une glycérine pure.

Alcohol synthesis per olefin hydration

PRODUCTION OF CONJUGATED DIOLEFINES BY CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF 1,3-DIOXANES

Heterogeneous catalyst being appropriate for the hydration of olefins

POLYMORPHIC OF SILICA

Resin Containing Photocatalytic Apatite

DEHYDRATION OF A SUGAR ALCOHOL WITH MIXED COMBINATION OF ACID CATALYSTS

CONTINUOUS REGENERABLE ADSORBENT AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

The present invention relates to an adsorbent for removing malodors and volatile organic compounds, and a method of producing the same, and more specifically, to a continuous regenerable adsorbent capable of maintaining adsorption capacity over continuous regeneration; and to a method of producing the same. According to the present invention, when adsorbing malodors and volatile organic compounds, an activated carbon support containing multiple pores induces diffusion of the corresponding gas molecules. Further, a boehmite catalyst coated on the surface of the activated carbon support forms an ionic (or covalent) bond with the corresponding gas molecules, wherein the ionic (or covalent) bond formed by the boehmite catalyst has an adsorption strength which is stronger than physical adsorption, yet weaker than chemical adsorption, such that the adsorbed gas molecules are easily detached during the adsorbent regeneration process. Furthermore, the surface of the adsorbent after the regeneration ...

A nitrided mixed oxide catalyst system and a process for the production of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters

TITANIUM OXIDE SOL, THIN FILM, AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THESE

A titanium oxide sol containing chlorine ions and at least one Bronsted base other than chlorine ions, preferably selected among nitrate ions and phosphate ions. The titanium oxide contained in the sol preferably consists mainly of brucite type titanium oxide. This sol is produced by hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride in the presence of at least one Bronsted acid. A thin titanium oxide film formed from this titanium oxide sol is excellent in photocatalytic activity, transparency, adhesion to substrates, etc. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

método para decomposição de biomassa da planta, e método para produção de glicose

Method for producing aromatic diphosphates

Disclosed is a method for producing aromatic diphosphates that comprises a first process: a process of reacting specific aromatic monohydroxy compounds having sterically hindered groups at the ortho-position with phosphorus oxyhalides in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst and then removing unreacted phosphorus oxyhalide under reduced pressure to obtain specific diaryl phosphorohalidates, and a second process: a process of reacting the reaction product obtained in the aforementioned process with 0.5 moles of specific aromatic dihydroxy compounds with respect to 1 mole of halogen contained in said reaction product in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst to obtain specific aromatic diphosphates.

Hydrorefining catalyst, preparation method therefor and use thereof

Disclosed is a hydrorefining catalyst, comprising: an inorganic refractory component comprising a first hydrodesulfurization catalytically active component and an oxide mixed therewith which is selected from at least one of alumina, silica, magnesia, calcium oxide, zirconia and titania; a second hydrodesulfurization catalytically active component; and an organic component comprising a carboxylic acid and an optional alcohol. The hydrorefining catalyst shows improved performance in hydrorefining of a distillate oil. Also disclosed are a hydrorefining catalyst system containing the hydrorefining catalyst, a method for preparing the catalyst and the catalyst system, and a method for hydrorefining a distillate oil by using the catalyst or the catalyst system.

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID OR ITS DERIVATIVES TO ACRYLIC ACID OR ITS DERIVATIVES

Catalyst for glycerin dehydration, and process for producing acrolein, process for producing acrylic acid, and process for producing hydrophilic resin each using the catalyst

A catalyst for glycerin dehydration of the present invention comprises boron phosphate or a rare-earth metal phosphate, wherein a molar ratio P/B of phosphorus (P) to boron (B) or a molar ratio P/R of phosphorus (P) to a rare-earth metal (R) is more than 1.0 and 2.0 or less. An another catalyst for glycerin dehydration of the present invention comprises a combination of boron phosphate and a metal element or a combination of a rare-earth metal phosphate and a metal element other than a rare-earth metal, wherein a molar ratio M/(P+B) of a metal element (M) to phosphorus (P) and boron (B) or a molar ratio M/(P+R) of a metal element (M) to phosphorus (P) and a rare-earth metal (R) is more than 0.00005 and 0.5 or less.

Method for producing aromatic diphosphates

A method for producing an aromatic diphosphate comprising: Step 1 which is a step where a specific aromatic monohydroxy compound having a steric hindrance group at ortho-positions is made to react with phosphorus oxyhalide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and then the unreacted phosphorus oxyhalide is removed under a reduced pressure to give a specific; and Step 2 which is a step where the reaction product obtained in the above step is made to react with a specific aromatic dihydroxy compound in an amount of 0.5 mol to 1 mol of halogen contained in the reaction product in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give a specific aromatic diphosphate.

DOPED-CARBON COMPOSITES, SYNTHESIZING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite includes preparing a solution having a carbon source material and a heteroatom containing additive, evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders, and subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite. 1. A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a solution having a material containing tannin and an additive containing a doping chemical element;(b) evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders; and(c) subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material containing the tannin is tannin sulfonate claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , lignosulfonate claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element is one containing oxygen (O) claim 1 , nitrogen (N) claim 1 , phosphorus (P) claim 1 , boron (B) claim 1 , sulfur (S) claim 1 , iodine (I) claim 1 , fluorine (F) claim 1 , silicon (Si) claim 1 , selenium (Se) claim 1 , germanium (Ge) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed at a temperature in a range of about 700° C. to about 1800° C.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the duration of time effective is in a range of about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by subjecting the plurality of powders to a microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.45 GHz.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by a heat source other than a microwave radiation source.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to the subjecting step.9. An article of manufacture by the method of .10. A composite synthesized by ...

Catalysts For The Conversion Of Hydroxypropionic Acid Or Its Derivatives To Acrylic Acid Or Its Derivatives

Catalysts for dehydrating hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with high yield and selectivity, short residence time, and without significant conversion to undesired side products, such as, for example, acetaldehyde, propionic acid, and acetic acid, are provided. The catalysts are mixed condensed phosphates. Methods of preparing the catalysts are also provided.

Catalytic Conversion Of Lactic Acid To Acrylic Acid

Disclosed herein is the catalytic dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid, which is characterized by a high conversion of lactic acid, a high selectivity for acrylic acid, a high yield of acrylic acid, and correspondingly low selectivity and molar yields for undesired by-products. This is achieved with a particular class of catalysts defined by a mixture of metal-containing phosphate salts that together provide the catalyst with a very high basicity density and low acidity density. Further, the catalyst is believed to be stable and active for lengthy periods heretofore unseen in the art for such dehydration processes.

DUAL PHASE CATALYSTS SYSTEM FOR MIXED OLEFIN HYDRATIONS

The catalyst systems include a dual phase catalyst system that includes a water soluble acid catalyst and a solid acid catalyst. 2. The system of where the water soluble acid comprises an organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetal acid claim 1 , tosylate acid claim 1 , perflurated acetic acid claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , benzoic acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The system of where the water soluble acid comprises an inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of HCl claim 1 , HPO claim 1 , HSO claim 1 , hydrofluric acid claim 1 , heteropoly acids claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The system of where the solid acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of an ionic exchange resin claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , a supported acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The system of where the mixed olefins are selected from the group consisting of propylene claim 1 , n-butene claim 1 , 2-butene claim 1 , isobutene claim 1 , pentenes claim 1 , hexenes claim 1 , olefins having more than 6 carbons claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The system of where the conversion rate for the dual phase catalyst system is equal to or greater than about 10%.7. The system of where the dual phase catalyst system is capable of converting the mixed olefins into the mixed alcohols having a ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol that is greater than either the ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol of the water soluble acid catalyst or the ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol of the solid acid catalyst claim 1 , and where the mixed olefins comprise butenes.8. The system of where the ratio of 2-butanol to t-butanol for the dual phase catalyst system is equal to or greater than about 2.0. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/946,014, filed Nov. 15, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,558,036, and a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/025,318, filed Sep. 12, 2013. For ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION CATALYST

The present disclosure provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst having improved performance for purifying an exhaust gas, in particular, an exhaust gas containing NOx. The exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present disclosure includes Rh-supporting composite oxide support particles containing Al, Zr, and Ti and Rh-supporting aluminum phosphate-based support particles. Furthermore, in the exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present disclosure, the ratio of the moles of metals constituting the aluminum phosphate-based support particles, relative to the total moles of metals constituting the composite oxide support particles and the aluminum phosphate-based support particles is 7.5% or more and 15.0% or less. 1. An exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising Rh-supporting composite oxide support particles containing Al , Zr , and Ti and Rh-supporting aluminum phosphate-based support particles ,wherein the aluminum phosphate-based support particles are support particles composed of aluminum phosphate or aluminum phosphate in which a part of Al is substituted by Zr, andwherein the percentage ratio of the moles of metals constituting the aluminum phosphate-based support particles relative to the total moles of metals constituting the composite oxide support particles and the aluminum phosphate-based support particles is 7.5% or more and 15.0% or less.2. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminum phosphate-based support particles are support particles composed of aluminum phosphate in which a part of Al is substituted by Zr.3. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the support particles composed of aluminum phosphate in which a part of Al is substituted by Zr claim 2 , are represented by the formula: AlZrPO claim 2 , and a is 0.80 or more and less than 1.00.4. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising Pt-supporting support particles.5. The exhaust gas ...

Catalyst, Process For The Preparation Of Said Catalyst And Use Of Said Catalyst In A Process And In A Device For The Preparation Of Olefins

The present invention relates to a catalyst characterized in that it comprises a) at least one metal compound selected from a group consisting of metal carbide, -nitride, -silicide, -phosphide and -sulfide or mixtures thereof, wherein the metal is selected from a group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, niobium, lanthanum and chromium, and b) at least one non-Brønsted-acidic binder selected from a group consisting of AlPO, Bentonite, AlN and NSi. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process or a device for the preparation of olefins from C2-, C3- or C4-alkanes using the catalyst. 1. A catalyst , characterized in that it comprises:a) at least one metal compound selected from a group consisting of metal carbide, -nitride, -silicide, -phosphide and -sulfide or mixtures thereof, wherein the metal is selected from a group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, niobium, lanthanum and chromium, and{'sub': 4', '4', '3, 'b) 5-40% (w/w) of a non-Brønsted-acidic binder selected from a group consisting of AlPO, Bentonite, AlN and NSi.'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , characterized in that the component a) is at least one metal compound of the group consisting of MoC claim 1 , MoN claim 1 , MoP claim 1 , MoSi claim 1 , MoS claim 1 , WC claim 1 , WN claim 1 , WP claim 1 , WSi claim 1 , WS claim 1 , TiC claim 1 , TiN claim 1 , TiP claim 1 , TiSi claim 1 , TiS claim 1 , TaC claim 1 , TaN claim 1 , TaP claim 1 , TaSi claim 1 , TaSi claim 1 , TaS claim 1 , VC claim 1 , VN claim 1 , VP claim 1 , VSi claim 1 , VS claim 1 , LaC claim 1 , LaN claim 1 , LaP claim 1 , LaSi claim 1 , LaS claim 1 , NbC claim 1 , NbN claim 1 , NbP claim 1 , NbSi and NbS claim 1 , wherein 0.1 Подробнее

Olefin aromatization catalyst, preparation method and use thereof, and low-carbon olefin aromatization process

The present discloses an aromatization catalyst, preparation process and application thereof and a low-carbon olefin aromatization process. The aromatization catalyst comprises a microporous material, a binder and a modifier; the microporous material is a zeolite molecular sieve, the binder is alumina, the modifier is phosphorus, and the molar ratio of the aluminum element in the binder to the phosphorus element is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5; the ratio of the acidity of the strongly acidic sites to the acidity of the weakly acidic sites of the olefin aromatization catalyst is less than 1.

SOLID CATALYST FOR HYDRIDE ISOMERIZATION REACTION IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

A novel catalyst capable of selectively catalyzing conversion from glucose to fructose in water or in an aqueous solution is provided. The catalyst is a solid catalyst for a hydride isomerization reaction from glucose to fructose performed in water or in an aqueous solution, comprising a group 13 element oxide whose surface has been subjected to a phosphoric acid treatment. 1: A solid catalyst , comprising a group 13 element oxide whose surface has been subjected to a phosphoric acid treatment.2: The solid catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the group 13 element oxide is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 1 , gallium oxide claim 1 , indium oxide and thallium oxide.3: The solid catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphoric acid treatment is performed by treating the group 13 element oxide in a phosphoric acid aqueous solution at 50° C. or lower.4: The solid catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a Lewis acid amount in the group 13 element oxide whose surface has been subjected to a phosphoric acid treatment is kept claim 1 , in a state where the surface is hydrated claim 1 , at 80% or more of a Lewis acid amount in a dehydrated surface portion of the group 13 element oxide not subjected to the phosphoric acid treatment.5: A method for producing fructose claim 1 , comprising causing the solid catalyst according to to work on glucose in water or in an aqueous solution.6: The method according to claim 5 , wherein a product comprises fructose and mannose claim 5 , and wherein a fructose content is high. The present invention relates to a solid catalyst working in an aqueous medium to catalyze a hydride isomerization reaction of glucose, and a use thereof.In recent years, a chemical reaction performed in water or in an aqueous solution attracts attention because it is superior, in an environmental load, safety and the like, to a reaction performed in an organic solvent, which has been widely performed. Meanwhile, a Lewis acid catalyst ...

METHOD FOR REGENERATING A CATALYST WHICH IS SPENT AND REGENERATED BY A HYDRODESULFURIZATION PROCESS OF GASOLINES

A process for rejuvenating an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a hydrodesulfurization process of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut, where the at least partially spent catalyst result is from a fresh catalyst a metal from group VIII, a metal from group VIb, and an oxide support, where the process includes 1. A process for the rejuvenation of an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a process for the hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut , said at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a fresh catalyst comprising at least one metal from group VIII , at least one metal from group VIb , an oxide support , and optionally phosphorus , said process comprising the following stages:a) the at least partially spent catalyst is regenerated in an oxygen-containing gas stream at a temperature of between 350° C. and 550° C. so as to obtain a regenerated catalyst,b) the regenerated catalyst is brought into contact with at least one impregnation solution containing at least one compound comprising a metal from group VIb, the molar ratio of the metal from group VIb added per metal from group VIb already present in the regenerated catalyst being between 0.15 and 2.5 mol/mol,c) a drying stage is carried out at a temperature of less than 200° C. so as to obtain a rejuvenated catalyst.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which claim 1 , in stage b) claim 1 , the impregnation solution additionally contains a compound comprising a metal from group VIII; the molar ratio of the metal from group VIII added per metal from group VIII already present in the regenerated catalyst is between 0.1 and 2.5 mol/mol.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which claim 1 , in stage b) claim 1 , the impregnation solution additionally contains phosphorus; the molar ratio of the phosphorus added per metal from group VIb already present in the regenerated catalyst is between 0.1 and 2.5 mol/mol.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , ...

Catalysts For Making Acrylic Acid From Lactic Acid Or Its Derivatives In Liquid Phase

Catalysts for the dehydration of lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof in liquid phase comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid are provided. 1. A molten salt catalyst comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid; wherein said IL has a bromide anion (Br); wherein said acid is soluble in said IL and selected from the group consisting of Lewis acid , Brønsted acid , and mixtures thereof; wherein said Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of CaBr , MgBr , AlBr , CuBr , and mixtures thereof; and wherein said Brønsted acid has a pKless than about 5 in water at 25° C.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said IL has a phosphonium cation.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said phosphonium cation is selected from the group consisting of alkyl substituted phosphonium claim 2 , aryl substituted phosphonium claim 2 , mixed alkyl aryl substituted phosphonium claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein said IL is tetrabutylphosphonium bromide ([PBu]Br).5. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein said IL is ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide ([EtPPh]Br).6. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein said Brønsted acid is pyrophosphoric acid (HPO).7. The catalyst of claim 6 , wherein the molar ratio of said [PBu]Br to said HPOis between about 1 and about 30.8. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the molar ratio of said [PBu]Br to said HPOis about 4.75.9. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein said Brønsted acid is hydrobromic acid (HBr).10. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of said [PBu]Br to said HBr is between about 1 and about 20.11. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein the molar ratio of said [PBu]Br to said HBr is between about 2 and about 5.12. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the molar ratio of said [PBu]Br to said HBr is about 4.75.13. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said Brønsted acid is hydrobromic acid (HBr).14. The catalyst of claim 13 , wherein the molar ...

Phosphonic acid catalyst in dehydrative cyclization of 5 and 6 carbon polyols with improved color and product accountability

A process for preparing cyclic dehydration products from sugar alcohols is described. The process involve using a mixed-acid catalyst reaction mixture containing a reducing acid, having a pKa of about 1.0-1.5, and at least a strong Brønsted acid or a Lewis acid, having a pKa≦0, or both acids in a solution to dehydrate and ring close said sugar alcohol. Synergistically, the mixed-acid catalysis can produce greater amounts of the desired product at similar levels of compositional accountability than either of the component acid catalysts acting alone.

Process For Production Of Acrylic Acid Or Its Derivatives From Hydroxypropionic Acid Or Its Derivatives

Processes for the catalytic dehydration of hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with high yield and selectivity and without significant conversion to undesired side products, such as, acetaldehyde, propanoic acid, and acetic acid, are provided.

Methods Of Making Acrylic Acid From Lactic Acid Or Its Derivatives In Liquid Phase

Methods for making acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid in liquid phase are provided. 1. A method of making acrylic acid , acrylic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof comprising contacting a feed stream comprising lactic acid , lactic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst in a reactor at a temperature; wherein said molten salt catalyst comprises an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid; and whereby acrylic acid , acrylic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof are produced as a result of said contacting in said reactor.2. The method of wherein said IL has an organic cation selected from the group consisting of imidazolium claim 1 , pyridinium claim 1 , pyrrolidinium claim 1 , ammonium claim 1 , phosphonium claim 1 , their derivatives claim 1 , and mixtures thereof; and wherein said acid is an acid that is soluble in said IL and selected from the group consisting of Lewis acids claim 1 , Brønsted acids claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The method of wherein said IL has a bromide (Br) anion and a phosphonium cation.4. The method of wherein said IL is tetrabutylphosphonium bromide ([PBu]Br); and wherein said acid is pyrophosphoric acid (HPO).5. The method of wherein said IL is ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide ([EtPPh]Br); and wherein said acid is hydrobromic acid (HBr).6. The method of wherein said lactic acid derivatives are selected from the group consisting of lactic acid with its carboxylic acid group protected claim 1 , lactic acid with its hydroxyl group replaced by a better leaving group claim 1 , lactic acid with both its carboxylic acid group protected and hydroxyl group replaced by a better leaving group claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. The method of wherein said lactic acid derivatives are selected from the group consisting of lactide claim 6 , ...

CATALYSIS OF DIKETOPIPERAZINE SYNTHESIS

Provided is a method for the synthesis of N-protected bis-3,6-[4-aminobutyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine including the step of heating a solution of ε-amino protected lysine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus pentoxide. 1. A method for the synthesis of an N-protected 3 ,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2 ,5-diketopiperazine comprising heating a solution comprising:a. an amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group, andb. means for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of said amino acid.2. The method of wherein said the solution is heated to a target temperature and the target temperature is achieved in about 4-6 hours.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution is heated to a target temperature and the target temperature is maintained for up to 6 hours.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution is heated to a target temperature and wherein said synthesis is substantially complete within about 8 hours of reaching said target temperature.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is heated to a target temperature of between 160° C. and 170° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said means for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of said amino acid comprises addition of a catalyst to the solution claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises at least one of sulfuric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , or phosphorus pentoxide.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution further comprises m-cresol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , or xylene.8. A method for the synthesis of N-protected 3 claim 1 ,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2 claim 1 ,5-diketopiperazine comprising:a. adding an amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group to a solvent, andb. a step for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of the amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said ...

Process for Obtaining a Catalyst Composite

A process for obtaining a catalyst composite comprising the following steps: 135-. (canceled)36. A process for the catalytic cracking of an olefin-rich feedstock which is selective towards light olefins in the effluent , the process comprising: at least 10 wt % of a molecular sieve having pores of 10-or more-membered rings;', 'at least one metal silicate different from said molecular sieve comprising at least one alkaline earth metal, such that the catalyst composite comprises at least 0.1 wt % of silicate to produce an effluent with an olefin content of lower molecular weight than that of the hydrocarbon feedstock., 'contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing one or more olefins with a catalyst composite comprising37. The process according to claim 36 , wherein the molecular sieve is a P-modified zeolite claim 36 , and wherein the metal silicate comprises one or more of Ga claim 36 , Al claim 36 , Ce claim 36 , In claim 36 , Cs claim 36 , Sc claim 36 , Sn claim 36 , Li claim 36 , Zn claim 36 , Co claim 36 , Mo claim 36 , Mn claim 36 , Ni claim 36 , Fe claim 36 , Cu claim 36 , Cr claim 36 , Ti claim 36 , and V.38. The process according to claim 36 , wherein the molecular sieve is a zeolite claim 36 , wherein the metal silicate is xonotlite (CaSiO(OH)).39. The process according to claim 36 , wherein the catalyst composite comprises metal phosphate.40. The process according to claim 36 , wherein the catalyst composite comprises matrix material.41. The process according to claim 36 , wherein the catalyst composite comprises binder.42. The process of comprising: at least 10 wt % of a molecular sieve having pores of 10-or more-membered rings;', 'at least one metal silicate, different from said molecular sieve, comprising at least one alkaline earth metal, such that the XTO catalyst composite comprises at least 0.1 wt % of silicate,, 'contacting an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in an XTO reactor with an XTO catalyst ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 2. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The dehydration catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts is KHPO; and wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1.5. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.6. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Na claim 5 , K claim 5 , Rb claim 5 , Cs claim 5 , and mixtures thereof.8. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the weight ratio between the total amount of said one or more amorphous phosphate salts and the total amount of said amorphous silicon oxide is between about 1:10 and about 4:1.10. The dehydration catalyst of claim 9 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.11. The dehydration catalyst of claim 9 , wherein said one or more polyvalent cations are selected from the group consisting of the cations of the metals Be claim 9 , Mg claim 9 , Ca claim 9 , Sr claim 9 , Ba claim 9 , Sc claim 9 , Y claim 9 , Ti claim 9 , Zr claim 9 , Hf claim 9 , V claim 9 , Nb claim 9 , Ta claim 9 , Cr claim 9 , Mo claim 9 , W claim 9 , Mn claim 9 , Re claim 9 , Al claim 9 , Ga claim 9 , In claim 9 , Tl claim 9 , Si claim 9 , Ge claim 9 , Sn claim 9 , Pb claim 9 , Sb claim 9 , Bi ...

ETCHING COMPOSITIONS

The present disclosure is directed to etching compositions that are useful for, e.g., selectively removing silicon germanium (SiGe) from a semiconductor substrate as an intermediate step in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process. 1. An etching composition , comprising:at least one fluorine-containing acid, the at least one fluorine-containing acid comprising hydrofluoric acid or hexafluorosilicic acid;at least one oxidizing agent;at least one catalyst comprising sulfuric acid, a sulfonic acid, or a phosphonic acid;at least one organic acid or an anhydride thereof, the at least one organic acid comprising formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or butyric acid;at least one polymerized naphthalene sulfonic acid or a salt thereof; and{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '1', '1', '8', '2', '2', '1', '8', '3', '1', '8, 'at least one amine, the at least one amine comprising an amine of formula (I): N—RRR, wherein Ris C-Calkyl optionally substituted by OH or NH, Ris H or C-Calkyl optionally substituted by OH, and Ris C-Calkyl optionally substituted by OH.'}2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluorine-containing acid is in an amount of from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % of the composition.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oxidizing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is in an amount of from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the composition.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst comprises sulfuric acid claim 1 , methanesulfonic acid claim 1 , phosphonic acid claim 1 , or phenylphosphonic acid.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst is in an amount of from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the composition.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic acid or an anhydride thereof comprises acetic acid or acetic anhydride.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ...

Formation of N-Protected bis-3,6-(4-aminoalkyl)-2,5,diketopiperazine

The disclosed embodiments detail improved methods for the synthesis of diketopiperazines from amino acids. In particular improved methods for the cyclocondensation and purification of N-protected 3,6-(aminoalkyl)-2,5-diketopiperazines from N-protected amino acids. Disclosed embodiments describe methods for the synthesis of 3,6-bis-[N-protected aminoalkyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine comprising heating a mixture of an amino acid in the presence of a catalyst in an organic solvent. The catalyst is selected from the group comprising sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1-propylphosphonic acid cyclic anhydride, tributyl phosphate, phenyl phosphonic acid and phosphorous pentoxide among others. The solvent is selected from the group comprising: dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, diglyme, ethyl glyme, proglyme, ethyldiglyme, m-cresol, p-cresol, o-cresol, xylenes, ethylene glycol and phenol among others.

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 1. A dehydration catalyst consisting essentially of one or more amorphous phosphate salts; wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts consist essentially of one or more monovalent cations , and one or more phosphate anions selected from the group represented by empirical formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': 2(1-x)', '(4-x), 'sup': '−', '[HPO]\u2003\u2003(I);'}wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts of said dehydration catalyst are neutrally charged.2. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The dehydration catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts is KHPO; and wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1.4. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts are selected from the group represented by empirical formula (Ib):{'br': None, 'sub': w', '(1-w)', '2(1-x)', '(4-x), 'sup': I', 'I, 'MNHPO\u2003\u2003(Ib);'}{'sup': I', 'I, 'wherein Mand Nare two different monovalent cations; wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein w is any real number greater than 0 and less than 1.'}5. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.6. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group ...

BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST COMPRISING EVENLY DISTRIBUTED PHOSPHOROUS

A bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates, said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein P is evenly distributed across the catalyst. 1. A bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite , alumina binder , Zn and P , wherein the P is present throughout the catalyst , the P concentration at the catalyst center is above 0.1 wt % , and the Zn concentration at the catalyst center is above 3 wt %.2. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates.3. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the P concentration at the catalyst edge is between 0.1 wt %-10 wt %.4. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of P concentration at the catalyst center to the P concentration at the catalyst edge (wt % P catalyst center: wt % P catalyst edge) is 1:20.5. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAlO.6. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an extruded or pelletized catalyst.7. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is ZSM-5 or ZSM-11.8. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising 30-80 wt % zeolite claim 1 , 1-40 wt % ZnAlO4 claim 1 , 0-40% AlPO4 claim 1 , 0-40 wt % AlO claim 1 , 0-10 wt % ZnO.9. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present in both zeolite and alumina binder.10. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of P/Zn is 0.02-5.11. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of P/Zn is at least substantially the same at the catalyst edge and the catalyst center.12. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the alumina binder further comprises silica.13. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst claim 1 , by X-ray diffraction claim 1 , does not contain free ZnO in the binder.14. Bifunctional catalyst according ...

CATALYSTS FOR PETROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 140-. (canceled)41. A catalyst comprising a mixed oxide of a lanthanide and tungsten , wherein the catalyst further comprises a sodium dopant and at least one doping element from groups 2 , 4-15 , lanthanides or combinations thereof , wherein the catalyst comprises a Cselectivity of greater than 50% and a methane conversion of greater than 20% when the catalyst is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidative coupling of methane at a temperature of 750° C. or less.42. The catalyst of claim 41 , wherein the lanthanide is Ce claim 41 , Pr claim 41 , Nd claim 41 , La claim 41 , Eu claim 41 , Sm or Yb.43. The catalyst of claim 41 , wherein the at least one doping element is Fe claim 41 , Co claim 41 , Mn claim 41 , Cu claim 41 , Ni claim 41 , Sr claim 41 , Ga claim 41 , Zr claim 41 , Pb claim 41 , Zn claim 41 , Cr claim 41 , Pt claim 41 , Al claim 41 , Nb claim 41 , La claim 41 , Ba claim 41 , Bi claim 41 , Sn claim 41 , In claim 41 , Ru claim 41 , P or combinations thereof.44. A catalyst comprising a rare earth oxide and two or more dopants claim 41 , wherein the catalyst comprises a Cselectivity of greater than 50% and a methane conversion of greater than 20% when the catalyst is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidative coupling of methane at a temperature of 750° C. or less claim 41 , and wherein the dopant comprises Eu/Na claim 41 , Sr/Na claim 41 , Na/Zr/Eu/Ca claim 41 , Mg/Na claim 41 , Sr/Sm/Ho/Tm claim 41 , Sr/W claim 41 , Mg/La/K claim 41 , Na/K/Mg/Tm claim 41 , Na/Dy/K claim 41 , Na/La/Dy claim 41 , Na/La/Eu claim 41 , Na/La/Eu/In claim 41 , Na/La/K claim 41 , Na/La/Li/Cs claim 41 , K/La claim 41 , K/La/S claim 41 , K/Na claim ...

Solid phosphoric acid catalyst, and method for producing trioxane

A solid phosphoric acid catalyst which, when gas-phase synthesizing trioxane from formaldehyde, results in production of trioxane at a high yield and at a high selection rate by markedly suppressing side reactions, reduces the adhesion of organic matter to the catalyst surface, and achieves a stable and long-term catalyst reaction. This solid phosphoric acid catalyst contains silicon phosphate oxide (SPO) obtained by sintering at a temperature of at least 200° C. a carrier material to which a phosphoric acid component has been added, and the total quantity of acid does not exceed 5 mmol per 1 g of solid phosphoric acid catalyst when calculated as acid quantity determined by NH 3 -TPD measurement.

CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR ENHANCING YIELD OF OLEFINS IN FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS (FCC)

The present invention provides a catalyst composition comprising rare earth exchanged USY zeolite (REUSY); pentasil zeolite; phosphorous compound; clay, silica, alumina, and spinel to enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity for light olefins in FCC operation conditions. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of Light olefin enhancing catalyst composition with high propylene yield and coke selectivity. 1. A composite catalyst composition , comprising:about 10-25 wt % rare earth exchanged USY zeolite (REUSY);about 5-20 wt % stabilized pentasil zeolite;about 2-8 wt % phosphorous compound;about 20-45 wt % clay;about 5-25 wt % silica;about 10-35 wt % alumina; andabout 0.5 to 3 wt % mixed metal oxide selected from a group consisting of at least one of Group XI and XIII metals, and the wt % being based on total weight of the catalyst composition.2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide is a spinel.3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide comprises of oxides of metals selected from at least one of copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , aluminium claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pentasil zeolite is selected from a group consisting of ZSM-5 claim 1 , ZSM-11 claim 1 , mordenite claim 1 , and beta.5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the REUSY comprises of 0.1 to 5 wt % of rare earth oxide.6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the phosphorous compound is sourced from a group consisting of at least one of mono-ammonium phosphate claim 1 , di-ammonium phosphate claim 1 , and phosphoric acid.7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the clay is selected from a group consisting of at least one of bentonite claim 1 , attapulgite claim 1 , and kaolinite.8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the silica is selected from at least one of sodium and ammonium stabilized colloidal ...

HYDROREFINING CATALYST, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed is a hydrofining catalyst comprising: an inorganic refractory component comprising a first hydrodesulfurization catalytically active component in a mixture with at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, magnesia, calcium oxide, zirconia and titania; a second hydrodesulfurization catalytically active component; and an organic component comprising a carboxylic acid and optionally an alcohol. The hydrofining catalyst of the present application shows improved performance in the hydrofining of distillate oils. Also disclosed are a hydrofining catalyst system comprising the hydrofining catalyst, a method for preparing the catalyst and catalyst system, and a process for the hydrofining of distillate oils using the catalyst or catalyst system. 1. A hydrofining catalyst comprising:an inorganic refractory component comprising a first hydrodesulfurization catalytically active component in a mixture with at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, magnesia, calcium oxide, zirconia and titania;a second hydrodesulfurization catalytically active component supported on the inorganic refractory component; andan organic component supported on the inorganic refractory component and comprising a carboxylic acid and optionally an alcohol,preferably, the hydrofining catalyst has pores with pore sizes in the ranges of 2-40 nm and 100-300 nm, respectively, wherein the volume of pores having a pore size in the range of 2-40 nm is about 60-95%, preferably about 75-90%, of the total pore volume, and the volume of pores having a pore size in the range of 100-300 nm is about 0.5-30%, preferably about 5-15%, of the total pore volume, as determined after being calcined at 400° C. for 3 h.2. The hydrofining catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said first hydrodesulfurization catalytically active component comprises at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Group VIII metal elements and Group VIB metal ...

COMPOSITE CATALYST FOR POLYOLEFIN DEPOLYMERIZATION

Catalytic compositions for depolymerizing polyolefin-based waste material into useful petrochemical products and methods of use are described. The compositions are a composite of at least one zeolite catalyst with one or more co-catalyst(s) that is a solid inorganic material. These composite catalysts, along with heat, are used to both increase the depolymerization reaction rate of the feed streams and suppress poisoning effects of non-polyolefin polymers that may be present. This results in a shorter residence time in the depolymerization unit and more efficient process. 1. A composite catalyst for depolymerizing polymers , comprisinga) at least one zeolite; and,b) at least one solid inorganic co-catalyst.2. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said at least one zeolite is chosen from a group consisting of Beta zeolite claim 1 , Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) claim 1 , zeolite Y or ultra stable Y or combinations thereof.3. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said at least one solid inorganic co-catalyst is a metal oxide claim 1 , metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal silicate claim 1 , aluminosilicate claim 1 , or tetravalent metal phosphates.4. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said at least one solid inorganic co-catalyst is selected from a group consisting of Ca(OH) claim 1 , Mg(OH) claim 1 , Ba(OH) claim 1 , Sr(OH) claim 1 , CaO claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , and Zr(HPO).5. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the composite catalyst comprises Ca(OH)and Beta zeolite claim 1 , Zeolite Y claim 1 , or ZSM-5.6. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the composite catalyst comprises Zr(HPO)and Beta zeolite claim 1 , Zeolite Y claim 1 , or ZSM-5.7. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the total amount of solid inorganic co-catalyst is about 20 to about 90 wt. % of the composite catalyst.8. A method of depolymerizing polymers comprising:a) adding a polyolefin-based feed stream and a composite catalyst to a ...

Catalytic conversion process and system with increased propylene production

A catalytic conversion process for producing propylene includes the steps of: 1) providing a starting material comprising olefin(s) having 4 or more carbon atoms; 2) pretreating the starting material to obtain a propylene precursor comprising olefin(s) having 3×2carbon atoms, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and 3) subjecting the propylene precursor to a catalytic cracking reaction to obtain a reaction product comprising propylene. 1. A process for producing propylene , comprising the steps of:1) providing a starting material comprising olefin(s) having 4 or more carbon atoms;{'sup': 'n', '2) pretreating the starting material to obtain a propylene precursor comprising olefin(s) having 3×2carbon atoms, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably 1-3, more preferably 1-2; and'}3) subjecting the propylene precursor to a catalytic cracking reaction to obtain a reaction product comprising propylene,wherein the pretreating of step 2) comprises one or both of:{'sup': 'n', 'sub': 4', '5', '7', '8, '2a) separating the starting material to obtain a first propylene precursor comprising olefin(s) having 3×2carbon atoms, and/or one or more of the following fractions: a fraction comprising Colefin, a fraction comprising Colefin, a fraction comprising Colefin, and a fraction comprising Colefin; and'}{'sup': 'm', '2b) subjecting the starting material or a fraction thereof to an olefin oligomerization reaction, and optionally separating the resulting oligomerization product, to obtain a second propylene precursor comprising olefin(s) having 3×2carbon atoms, wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably 2 to 3.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization step 2b) comprises one or more of:{'sub': 4', '12, 'b1) subjecting the fraction comprising Colefin of the starting material to an olefin oligomerization reaction, and optionally separating the resulting oligomerization product, to obtain the second ...

DEHYDRATION CATALYST FOR PREPARING N-SUBSTITUTED MALEIMIDE, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND METHOD OF PREPARING N-SUBSTITUTED MALEIMIDE

A dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide, which may minimize formation of by-products, is reusable because its activity is not reduced significantly even after being reused several times, and may maintain its reaction activity for a long time, a preparation method thereof, and a method of preparing N-substituted maleimide, are provided. 1. A dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide represented by the following Formula 1:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'Zr(HPO)\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}wherein, in Formula 1, x is 0.5 to 1.5, a and b are each independently 0 to 8, and c is 1 to 4.2. The dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide of claim 1 , wherein c/x is 1.5 to 2.67.3. A method of preparing a dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide claim 1 , comprising the step of precipitating a catalyst represented by the following Formula 1 by mixing a zirconium precursor and a phosphate compound:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'Zr(HPO)\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}wherein, in Formula 1, x is 0.5 to 1.5, a and b are each independently 0 to 8, and c is 1 to 4.4. The method of preparing the dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide of claim 3 , wherein the step of precipitating the catalyst includes stirring the mixture containing the zirconium precursor and the phosphate compound at a temperature of 30° C. to 98° C.5. The method of preparing the dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide of claim 4 , wherein the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes to 18 hours.6. The method of preparing the dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide of claim 3 , further comprising the step of washing the precipitated catalyst with alcohol or water or a mixture thereof claim 3 , after the step of precipitating the catalyst.7. The method of preparing the dehydration catalyst for preparing N-substituted maleimide of claim 6 , further comprising the step of calcining the ...

Thermal cracking additive compositions for reduction of coke yield in delayed coking process

The present invention is directed to novel thermal cracking additive compositions for reduction of coke yield in Delayed Coking process and method for preparing the same. The present invention also provides that the thermal cracking additive compositions of the present invention are in micron-size and nano-size. Further, the present invention provides a process of thermal cracking of heavy petroleum residue used in petroleum refineries using Delayed Coking process to produce petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products with decreased coke yield and increased yield of liquid and/or gaseous products.

Fluidized cracking process for increasing olefin yield and catalyst composition for same

An improved process and catalyst composition for cracking hydrocarbons in a fluidized cracking process are disclosed. The process employs circulating inventory of a regenerated cracking having a minimal carbon content. The regenerated catalyst comprises a catalyst/additive composition which contains a pentasil zeolite, iron oxide, and a phosphorous compound. In accordance with the present disclosure, the catalyst/additive contains controlled amounts of iron oxide which is maintained in an oxidized state by maintaining low amounts of carbon on the regenerated catalyst inventory. In this manner it was discovered that the catalyst composition greatly enhances the production and selectivity of light hydrocarbons, such as propylene.

HYDROTREATING CATALYST CONTAINING METAL ORGANIC SULFIDES ON DOPED SUPPORTS

A catalyst comprising: a catalyst support; at least one Group VIB metal component; at least one Group VIII metal component; at least one mercapto-carboxylic acid; wherein the catalyst support contains at least one dopant comprising either boron, and/or silicon, and/or phosphorusin the range of about 1 to about 13 wt %, expressed as an oxide and based on the total weight of the catalyst for each dopant added; and wherein the amount of the at least one mercapto-carboxylic acid is in the amount from about 0.4 to about 3 equivalents to the sulfur amount necessary for forming sulfides of the Group VI and VIII components. 2. The catalyst according to wherein the Group VIB metal component comprises molybdenum and/or tungsten.3. The catalyst according to or wherein the Group VIII metal component comprises nickel and/or cobalt.4. The catalyst according to any one of - wherein the mercapto-carboxylic acid is thioglycolic acid claim 1 , thiolactic acid claim 1 , mercapto succinic acid claim 1 , cysteine or thio propionic acid.5. The catalyst according to further comprising an additional carboxylic acid.6. The catalyst according to any one of - claim 4 , wherein the dopant is boron in the range of about 2 wt % to about 8 wt % claim 4 , expressed as an oxide (BO) and based on the total weight of the catalyst.7. The catalyst according to any one of - claim 4 , wherein the dopant is phosphorus in the range of about 2 wt % to about 10 wt % claim 4 , expressed as an oxide (PO) and based on the total weight of the catalyst.8. The catalyst according to claims any one of 1-5 claim 4 , wherein the dopant is silicon in the range of about 1 wt % to about 9 wt % claim 4 , expressed as an oxide (SiO) and based on the total weight of the catalyst.9. The catalyst according to claim 4 , claim 4 , or wherein the catalyst support is impregnated with the Group VIB metal component claim 4 , the Group VIII metal component claim 4 , and the mercapto-carboxylic acid.10. The catalyst according to ...

Purification Of Bio Based Acrylic Acid To Crude And Glacial Acrylic Acid

Processes for the purification of bio-based acrylic acid to crude and glacial acrylic acid are provided. The bio-based acrylic acid is produced from hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. The purification includes some or all of the following processes: extraction, drying, distillation, and melt crystallization. The produced glacial or crude acrylic acid contains hydroxypropionic, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof as an impurity. 1. A glacial acrylic acid composition wherein a portion of the remaining impurities in said glacial acrylic acid composition is lactic acid; wherein said glacial acrylic acid composition has a bio-based content greater than about 3%; and wherein said glacial acrylic acid composition is produced by the steps comprising:j. Providing an aqueous solution of acrylic acid comprising: 1) acrylic acid; and 2) lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof, and wherein said aqueous solution of acrylic acid is essentially free of maleic anhydride, furfural, and formic acid;k. Extracting said aqueous solution of acrylic acid, with a solvent to produce an extract;l. Drying said extract to produce a dried extract;m. Distilling said dried extract to produce distilled acrylic acid composition;n. Cooling said distilled acrylic acid composition to a temperature from about −21° C. to about 14° C. to produce crystals of acrylic acid;o. Partially melting said crystals of acrylic acid to produce a liquid/solid mixture;p. Decanting said liquid/solid mixture to produce a purified acrylic acid solid composition;q. Fully melting said purified acrylic acid solid composition to produce a purified acrylic acid liquid composition; andr. Determining the acrylic acid purity of said purified acrylic acid liquid composition, and if the purity is less than about 98 wt % acrylic acid, repeating said cooling, partially melting, decanting, and fully melting steps on the purified acrylic acid liquid ...

Catalyst for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon, which is used in production of light olefin and production method therof

Disclosed are a molecular sieve catalyst and a preparation method thereof to produce light olefins from cracking naphtha catalytically in severe environments of high temperature and high moisture. In detail, the catalyst is prepared by spray-drying and calcining the mixed slurry, in which 0.01˜5.0 wt % of MnO 2 and 1˜15 wt % of P 2 O 5 are simultaneously imbedded in catalyst which consists of zeolite, clay and inorganic complex. According to the present invention, the method that manganese and phosphate are imbedded simultaneously in zeolite and inorganic complex is used to increases thermal-stability of obtained spherical catalyst, and increase olefin yield of cracking hydrocarbon such as naphtha by protecting acid-site of zeolite. To synthesize the required catalyst, the important procedures are mixing ratio and mixing sequence of Mn, P, zeolite, and inorganic complex.

Catalyst for preparing light olefin, preparation method therefor, and method for preparing light olefin by using same

The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a light olefin, a preparation method therefor, and a method for preparing a light olefin by using same, and can provide a catalyst for preparing a light olefin, a preparation method therefor, and a method for preparing a light olefin by using same, the catalyst comprising a porous zeolite, a clay, an inorganic oxide binder, and Ag2O and P2O5 which are supported in the pores and/or on the surface of the porous zeolite.

ENHANCED CONVERSION OF TAURINE TO ALKYL TAURATE AMIDE USING PHOSPHORIC ACID CATALYSTS

The invention relates to method of enhancing yield of alkyl taurate amides using enhancing specifically phosphoric acid catalysts. It further relates to the use of phosphoric acid to enhance yield while avoiding and/or reducing undesirable browning. 1. A process for making alkyl taurate amide comprising reacting Cto Cfatty acid with taurine salt , wherein:a) the molar ratio of fatty acid to taurate or taurine salt is 1.5:1 to 10:1;b) reaction temperature is from 180° C. to 250° C.;c) catalyst is used in an amount of 0.1 to 0.7 wt %;d) reaction time is 1 to 10 hours; ande) catalyst is phosphoric acid.2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising enhancing yield of taurate amide and reducing browning.3. (canceled)4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein reduced browning is relative to other catalysts used in the same process.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of fatty acid to taurate or taurine salt is 1.6:1 to 7:1.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature is 190 to 245° C.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is used in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 wt %.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction time is 1 to 6 hours.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein there is no observable browning. The present invention relates to a method or process for enhancing yield of alkyl taurate amides (“ATA”), which are typically made from an amidation reaction of taurine or salts of taurine with fatty acid (e.g., Cto Cchain length fatty acid), using phosphoric acid catalysts.References disclosing production of alkyl taurate amides from the reaction of taurine and fatty acids are known.U.S. Pat. No. 2,880,219 to Burnette, for example, teaches production of N-acyl taurates from fatty acids and taurines. From the table at column 7, it can be seen generally that conversion rates are pretty good although temperatures are all relatively high. There appears to be no catalyst used, ...

Catalysts For Making Acrylic Acid From Lactic Acid Or Its Derivatives In Liquid Phase

Catalysts for the dehydration of lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof in liquid phase comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid are provided.

Hydration of alpha-Pinene to obtain alpha-terpineol, using an ionic liquid as solvent, which is synthesized from a tertiary amine and an inorganic acid

An ionic liquid as a solvent in the hydration reaction of α-pinene to α-terpineol. The ionic liquid is obtained from the reaction of an amine and an inorganic acid. The use of the ionic liquid as solvent favors the selectivity towards the formation of α-terpineol and once the reaction product has been brought to room temperature, the organic phase can be physically separated from the inorganic one by decantation. The inorganic phase contains the ionic liquid, water and reaction catalyst and can be directly reused for a new reaction batch. 110- (canceled)11. An ionic liquid comprising:an amine; andan acidic;wherein the amine and the acid are reacted at equimolar proportions,wherein the amine is a tertiaryamines selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, tripropylamine, triisopropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, and mixtures thereof;wherein the ionic liquid is a solvent for hydration reaction of α-pinene to α-terpineol.12. The ionic liquid according to claim 11 , wherein the acid is an inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid claim 11 , phosphoric acid claim 11 , and mixtures thereof.13. The ionic liquid according to claim 11 , wherein for the hydration reaction of the α-pinene to α-terpineol claim 11 , 0.5 to 2.5 moles of ionic liquid are used for each mole of pinene.14. The ionic according to claim 11 , wherein the hydration reaction of the α-pinene to α-terpineol further includes the use of 2-12 moles of water for each mole of pinene.15. The ionic liquid according to claim 11 , wherein the hydration reaction of the α-pinene to α-terpineol includes 0.10 to 0.40 moles of the acid used as catalyst for each mole of pinene.16. The ionic liquid according to claim 11 , wherein the ionic acid further includes an inorganic acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.17. A method for producing α-terpineol from α-pinene claim 11 , the method comprising the steps of:forming an ionic acid by reacting while stirring an amine ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING KETENE DERIVATIVE

An object is to provide a method for producing a ketene derivative that decreases the consumption quantity of phosphorus compounds, and the discharge quantity of the phosphorus compounds into the environment. 1. A method for producing a ketene derivative , comprising:a step (i) of conducting thermal decomposition reaction of acetic acid in a presence of a phosphorus-containing catalyst in a reactor to produce a thermal decomposition gas containing ketene,a step (ii) of cooling the thermal decomposition gas to be separated into a gaseous component containing ketene, and a condensed liquid containing a phosphorus compound (a), anda step (iii) of causing the ketene to react with a different organic compound to produce a ketene derivative,wherein the step (i) includes: conducting the thermal decomposition reaction while supplying, into the reactor, the condensed liquid containing the phosphorus compound (a) or a concentrated liquid of the condensed liquid.2. The method for producing a ketene derivative according to claim 1 , wherein in the step (i) claim 1 , by concentrating the phosphorus compound (a) contained in the condensed liquid claim 1 , the condensed liquid is turned to the concentrated liquid claim 1 , and subsequently the concentrated liquid is supplied into the reactor.3. The method for producing a ketene derivative according to claim 2 , wherein a concentration of the phosphorus compound (a) contained in the concentrated liquid is from 5 to 20 times a concentration of the phosphorus compound (a) contained in the condensed liquid.4. The method for producing a ketene derivative according to claim 2 , wherein a method for concentrating the phosphorus compound (a) contained in the condensed liquid is a method selected from the group consisting of heating evaporation claim 2 , membrane separation claim 2 , and electrochemical treatment.5. The method for producing a ketene derivative according to claim 2 , wherein in the step (i) claim 2 , a liquid obtained by ...

NON-NOBLE METAL-SUPPORTED ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE CATALYST FOR GENERATING CYCLIC HYDROCARBON, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING CYCLIC HYDROCARBON BY USING SAME

This invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, which is a non-noble-metal supported on zirconium phosphate, and to a method of preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, including preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon from a lignin derivative through hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation using the catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon. 1. A catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon , which is a non-noble-metal supported on zirconium phosphate.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the zirconium phosphate has a P:Zr molar ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:3.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the non-noble metal is nickel claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , iron claim 1 , molybdenum or an alloy thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the non-noble metal is supported in an amount of 10 to 40 wt % based on a weight of the zirconium phosphate.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a lignin derivative is used as a reactant.6. A method of preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon claim 1 , comprising preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon from a lignin derivative through hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation using the catalyst of .7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation are carried out under conditions of a reaction temperature of 200 to 400° C. claim 6 , a total pressure of 40 to 70 bar claim 6 , and a reaction time of 1 to 3 hr.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the lignin derivative is guaiacol claim 6 , anisole claim 6 , catechol claim 6 , phenol or veratrol. This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/KR2015/009846, filed Sep. 18, 2015, which claims priority to Korean Application No. 10-2015-0103615, filed Jul. 22, 2015. The entire contents of the aforementioned patent applications are incorporated herein by this reference.The present invention relates to a non-noble-metal supported on zirconium phosphate catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon and a method of preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon through ...

PROCESS FOR GENERATING A MIXED MULTICOMPONENT VAPOR FOR PREPARATION OF MONOALKYL ETHERS OF DIPHENOLS

A process and a system thereof include apparatuses for developing multi-component vapor mixture by heating of solution of reactants comprising one or more of diphenols, or diphenol derivatives, and an organic compound. Upon reacting in a vapor state in presence of a catalyst with diphenols, or diphenol derivatives, the organic compound produces a monoalkyl ether of a dihydric phenolic compound. The entire solution of reactants completely transforms into a super-heated multi-component vapor using heaters without the use of thin film evaporator. The complete transformation of the entire solution of the reactants in to super-heated multicomponent vapor is achieved by heating the entire solution firstly by a pre-heater followed by further heating by a super-heater. The unevaporated or condensed high boilers and tar are removed to drain. The superheated vapor is subjected to vapor phase reaction mediated by catalyst to get monoalkyl ether of a dihydric phenolic compound. 1. A system for developing multi-component vapor mixture by heating of solution of reactants comprising one or more of diphenols , or diphenol derivatives , and an organic compound , wherein the organic compound is one which upon reacting in a vapor state in presence of a catalyst with diphenols , or diphenol derivatives , produces a monoalkyl ether of a dihydric phenolic compound; whereinthe entire solution of reactants completely transforms into a super-heated multi-component vapor using heaters without the use of thin film evaporator.2. The system of comprising:a. a stainless steel reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere for making a solution of a diphenol or a diphenol derivative in the organic compound at room temperature and heating the same to about 50-50-70° C.,b. a pre-heater to heat the solution to get vapors and a super-heater to heat the vapors to get super-heated vapors multicomponent mixture from the said solution,c. a jacketed section/vessel for receiving superheated steam at its top and ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING SHAPED POROUS INORGANIC MATERIALS, BY REACTIVE EXTRUSION

A method for preparing a porous inorganic material by at least: 1. Method for preparing a porous inorganic material having at least the following steps:a) Nucleation, growth, agglomeration and aggregation reactions of precursors of a mixture comprising at least one precursor of the oxide of a metal X in solution in a solvent and a precursor of the oxide of a metal Y at a temperature of between 30 and 70° C., X and Y being, independently, selected from the group consisting of aluminum, cobalt, indium, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, zirconium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, gallium, germanium, phosphorus, boron, vanadium, tin, lead, hafnium, niobium, yttrium, cerium, gadolinium, tantalum, tungsten, antimony, europium and neodymium;b) mixing of the mixture obtained at the end of step a) at a temperature of between 80 and 150° C., the mixing period being adjusted so as to obtain a paste that exhibits a fire loss of between 20% by weight and 90% by weight at the end of this step;c) shaping of the porous inorganic material;steps a) to c) being performed within an extruder.2. Method according to claim 1 , in which said solvent is water claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propan-1-ol claim 1 , propan-2-ol claim 1 , 2-methylpropan-1-ol claim 1 , 2-methyl-propan-2-ol claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylpropanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , 2-butanol claim 1 , 2-methylbutan-2-ol claim 1 , 3-methylbutan-2-ol claim 1 , pentanol claim 1 , 2-methylbutan-1-ol claim 1 , 3-methylbutan-1-ol claim 1 , pentan-2-ol claim 1 , pentan-3-ol claim 1 , by itself or in a mixture.3. Method according to one of claim 1 , in which the mixture reacting in step a) comprises at least one basic precursor selected from among sodium aluminate claim 1 , potassium aluminate claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide claim 1 , and at least one acid precursor selected from among aluminum sulfate claim 1 , aluminum chloride claim 1 , aluminum nitrate claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , ...

SYNTHESIS METHOD OF N-SUBSTITUTED MALEIMIDE USING SOLID ACID CATALYSTS

The present invention relates to a synthesis method of N-substituted maleimides using a non-homogeneous solid acid catalyst, and particularly, a synthesis method of N-substituted maleimides with high synthesis yield by using a zirconium(IV) hydrogen phosphate as a catalyst, by which, the loss of the catalyst is minimized, the separation and recovering processes of the catalyst are simplified, in case when the activity of the separated and recovered catalyst is decreased, the complete regeneration of the catalyst is possible via washing or firing, and solvents that could be used during a washing process of the catalyst are not limited. 1. A method of synthesizing N-substituted maleimides , the method comprising:1) a step of injecting maleic anhydride and a primary amine in the presence of an organic solvent and a catalyst to synthesize N-substituted maleimides; and2) a step of separating the catalyst from a solution comprising the N-substituted maleimides,wherein the catalyst is a zirconium(IV) hydrogen phosphate solid acid catalyst.2. The method of synthesizing N-substituted maleimides of claim 1 , wherein the zirconium hydrogen phosphate is non-crystalline.3. The method of synthesizing N-substituted maleimides of claim 1 , wherein the zirconium hydrogen phosphate is represented by the following Formula 1:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'Zr(HPO)\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}in which 0.5≤x≤1.5, 0≤a≤8, 0≤b≤8, and 1≤c≤4.4. The method of synthesizing N-substituted maleimides of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is added in a weight ratio of 0.01 to 1.0 with respect to a reaction solvent injected.5. The method of synthesizing N-substituted maleimides of claim 1 , wherein separating the catalyst comprises filtering the solution at a temperature of 70 to 160° C.6. The method of synthesizing N-substituted maleimides of claim 1 , further comprising a step of regenerating the catalyst via washing or firing the separated catalyst.7. The method of synthesizing N-substituted ...

PROCESS FOR GENERATING A MIXED MULTICOMPONENT VAPOR FOR PREPARATION OF MONOALKYL ETHERS OF DIPHENOLS

This invention comprises a process and a system thereof comprising apparatuses for developing multi-component vapor mixture by heating of solution of reactants comprising one or more of diphenols, or diphenol derivatives, and an organic compound, wherein the organic compound is one which upon reacting in a vapor state in presence of a catalyst with diphenols, or diphenol derivatives, produces a monoalkyl ether of a dihydric phenolic compound; and wherein the entire solution of reactants completely transforms into a super-heated multi-component vapor using heaters without the use of thin film evaporator. The complete transformation of the entire solution of said reactants in to super-heated multicomponent vapor is achieved by heating the entire solution firstly by a pre-heater followed by further heating by a super-heater, further comprising removal of the unevaporated or condensed high boilers and tar to drain, and subjecting the superheated vapor to vapor phase reaction mediated by catalyst to get monoalkyl ether of a dihydric phenolic compound. 1. A process for developing multi-component vapor mixture by heating of solution of reactants comprising one or more of diphenols , or diphenol derivatives , and an organic compound ,wherein the organic compound is one which upon reacting in a vapor state in presence of a catalyst with diphenols, or diphenol derivatives, produces a monoalkyl ether of a dihydric phenolic compound;wherein the entire solution of reactants completely transforms into a super-heated multi-component vapor using heaters without the use of thin film evaporator.2. The process of wherein the complete transformation of the entire solution of reactants in to super-heated multicomponent vapor is achieved by heating the entire solution firstly by a pre-heater followed by further heating by a super-heater.3. The process of further comprising steps of:a. removal of the unevaporated or condensed high boilers and tar to drain, andb. subjecting the superheated ...

VANADIUM-BASED CATALYST AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

A vanadium-based catalyst comprises an active phase carried on a carrier. The active phase comprises vanadium oxide, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and assistants. The carrier comprises ultra-large-pore silicon dioxide and diatomite, the average pore size of the ultra-large-pore silicon dioxide ranges from 100 nm to 500 nm, and the diatomite is a refined diatomite having a silicon dioxide content of higher than 85% after refinement. The preparation method for the vanadium-based catalyst comprises: 1) mixing potassium vanadium and potassium hydroxide, and allowing a prepared mixed solution and sulfuric acid to carry out a neutralization reaction; and 2) mixing a neutralization reaction product in step 1) with the carrier and sodium sulfate, and carrying out rolling, band extrusion, drying and roasting to prepare the vanadium-based catalyst, assistant compounds being added in step 1) and/or step 2). 1. A vanadium-based catalyst , comprising: an active phase loaded on a carrier , wherein the active phase comprises vanadium oxide , potassium sulfate , sodium sulfate , and an auxiliary agent , and the carrier comprises an ultra-large-pore silica and a diatomite , wherein the ultra-large-pore silica has an average pore diameter ranging from 100 to 500 nm , and the diatomite is a purified diatomite having a silica content of more than 85%.2. The vanadium-based catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the ultra-large-pore silica has an average pore diameter ranging from 150 to 400 nm.3. The vanadium-based catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the active phase is present in an amount ranging from 30% to 40% by weight claim 1 , and the carrier is present in an amount ranging from 60% to 70% by weight.4. The vanadium-based catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein based on a total weight of the vanadium-based catalyst claim 1 , vanadium oxide is present in an amount ranging from 6.5% to 8.5% by weight; a molar ratio of potassium element to vanadium element is (2.5-4.0):1; ...

DEHYDRATION CATALYST AND METHOD OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

A silanized surface, stable selective dehydration catalyst for dienes production, a method for producing a silanized surface, stable, selective dehydration catalyst, and a method for dehydrating at least one of an alkenol and a diol to a diene. The present invention also relates to the fermentation of sugars to afford bio-alkenols that are then separated and converted to a diene using a dehydration catalyst and a method for converting alkenols or diols to dienes with high selectivity and conversion. The dienes are useful in preparing synthetic rubber, plastics copolymers, and fuels. 1. A silanized surface , stable , selective dehydration catalyst for dienes production , comprising (i) an inorganic support , (ii) at least one Bronsted acid of pKa less than 2.5 , and (iii) at least one silicon compound.2. A catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one promoter.3. A catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one conjugate base.4. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said inorganic support is gamma-alumina extrudate claim 1 ,5. A catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein said promoter is selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals claim 2 , Group 2 metals and combinations thereof.6. A catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein said conjugate base is selected from the group consisting of HPO claim 3 , HPO claim 3 , and combinations thereof.7. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein silicon concentration is in the range between about 0.01 wt % and about 2 wt % of said catalyst.8. A catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein promoter concentration is in the range between about 0.2 wt % and about 5 wt % of said catalyst.9. A method for producing a silanized surface claim 2 , stable claim 2 , selective dehydration catalyst claim 2 , comprisinga. providing an inorganic support;b. mixing said inorganic support with a reagent solution comprising a solvent, a Bronstad acid, and an organosilane compound whereby a support-solution ...

Catalysts For The Production Of Acrylic Acid Or Its Derivatives

Catalysts for dehydrating hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with high yield and selectivity, short residence time, and without significant conversion to undesired side products, such as, for example, acetaldehyde, propionic acid, and acetic acid, are provided. The catalysts are mixed protonated monophosphates. Methods of preparing the catalysts are also provided.

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION CATALYST

An exhaust gas purification catalyst includes: a substrate; a first catalyst layer that is arranged on an upper surface of the substrate and contains a first support and platinum supported on the first support, in which the first support contains a composite oxide which is formed of oxygen and at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, phosphorus and boron and has an oxygen 1s binding energy in a range of 530 eV to 535 eV; and a second catalyst layer that is arranged on an upper surface of the first catalyst layer and contains a second support and rhodium supported on the second support, in which the second support contains a less-thermally-deteriorative ceria-zirconia composite oxide or a porous alumina. 1. An exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising:a substrate;a first catalyst layer that is arranged on an upper surface of the substrate and contains a first support and platinum supported on the first support, the first support containing a composite oxide which is formed of oxygen and at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, phosphorus and boron and has an oxygen 1s binding energy in a range of 530 eV to 535 eV; anda second catalyst layer that is arranged on an upper surface of the first catalyst layer and contains a second support and rhodium supported on the second support, the second support containing a less-thermally-deteriorative ceria-zirconia composite oxide or a porous alumina.2. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , whereinthe first support of the first catalyst layer contains aluminum phosphate or aluminum borate.3. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , whereina coating weight of the first catalyst layer is within a range of 40 g/L substrate to 150 g/L substrate, anda coating weight of the second catalyst layer is within a range of 30 g/L substrate to 180 g/L substrate.4. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , whereina thickness ...

CATALYST FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCARBON OIL AND METHOD FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCARBON OIL

A catalyst for catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil can produce a gasoline fraction having a high octane number in high yield while suppressing an increase in yield of a heavy distillate, and produce LPG having a high propylene content in high yield. The catalyst includes a specific amount of a granulated catalyst A that includes a zeolite having a sodalite cage structure, silicon derived from a silica sol, phosphorus and aluminum derived from mono aluminum phosphate, a clay mineral, and a rare-earth metal, and a specific amount of a granulated catalyst B that includes a pentasil-type zeolite, the ratio of the mass of phosphorus and aluminum derived from mono aluminum phosphate included in the granulated catalyst A to the mass of the pentasil-type zeolite included in the granulated catalyst B being 0.015 to 3000. 1. A catalyst for catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil , the catalyst comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '5, 'a granulated catalyst A that comprises 20 to 50 mass % of a zeolite having a sodalite cage structure, 10 to 30 mass % (on a SiObasis) of silicon derived from a silica sol, 0.1 to 21 mass % (on an AlO.3PObasis) of phosphorus and aluminum derived from mono aluminum phosphate, 5 to 65 mass % of a clay mineral, and 0 to 10 mass % (on an oxide basis) of a rare-earth metal; and'}a granulated catalyst B that comprises 1 to 70 mass % of a pentasil-type zeolite,the content of the granulated catalyst A and the content of the granulated catalyst B in the catalyst being 90 to 99.9 mass % and 0.1 to 10 mass %, respectively, and{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '5', '2', '3', '2', '5, 'the mass ratio (mass (on an AlO.3PObasis) of phosphorus and aluminum derived from mono aluminum phosphate included in granulated catalyst A/mass of pentasil-type zeolite included in granulated catalyst B) of the mass (on an AlO.3PObasis) of phosphorus and aluminum derived from mono aluminum phosphate included in the granulated catalyst A to the mass of the pentasil-type zeolite ...

Catalysis of Diketopiperazine Synthesis

Provided is a method for the synthesis of N-protected 3,6-bis-[4-aminobutyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine including the step of heating a solution of ε-amino protected lysine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus pentoxide. 1. A method for the synthesis of N-protected 3 ,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2 ,5-diketopiperazine comprising:a. adding an amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group to a solvent, andb. a step for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of the amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step for catalyzing comprises heating said solvent containing said amino acid to a target temperature and the target temperature is achieved in about 4-6 hours.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step for catalyzing comprises heating said solvent containing said amino acid to a target temperature and the target temperature is maintained for up to 6 hours.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step for catalyzing comprises heating said solvent containing said amino acid to a target temperature and wherein said synthesis is substantially complete within about 8 hours of reaching said target temperature.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group to a temperature range of between 160° C. and 170° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of said amino acid comprises addition of a catalyst to the solution claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises at least one of sulfuric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , or phosphorus pentoxide. The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/151,797, filed Oct. 4, 2018, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/698,431, filed on Sep. 7, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,112,910, which is a continuation of U ...

Method of Producing Epoxy Compound and Catalyst Composition for Epoxidation Reaction

A method of producing an epoxy compound, which comprises reacting hydrogen peroxide with a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond, in the presence of at least one of a tungsten compound and a molybdenum compound; and an onium salt comprising 20 or more carbon atoms and one or more of substituents convertible to a functional group containing an active hydrogen or a salt thereof. 125-. (canceled)27: The onium salt according to claim 26 , which is represented by formula (8) claim 26 , formula (9) claim 26 , or formula (10).28: A catalyst composition claim 26 , comprising:a tungsten compound, a molybdenum compound, or both; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00026', 'claim 26'}, 'the onium salt according to .'}29: The catalyst composition according to claim 28 , further comprising a phosphoric acid claim 28 , a phosphonic acid claim 28 , or both claim 28 , which is different from the onium salt.31: The composition according to claim 30 , wherein said epoxy compound α is a compound represented by any one of the following formulae (13) claim 30 , (14) or (15):{'br': None, 'sup': '1', 'sub': 'm1', '(A)-(OG)\u2003\u2003(13)'}{'sup': '1', 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sub': m2', 'n2', 'm2, 'sup': 21', '2', '22', '2', '21, '(GO)-(A)-[X-(A)]-X-(A)-(OG)\u2003\u2003(14)'}, 'wherein in formula (13), G represents a glycidyl group which is a 2,3-epoxypropanyl group, and said glycidyl group may be substituted with an alkyl group, a phenyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group; Arepresents an m1-valent aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent; and m1 represents an integer of 1 or more; provided that a plurality of G contained in one molecule may be same or different;'}{'sup': 21', '22', '21', '22', '2', '22', '2', '21', '22', '2, 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sup': 3', '3, 'sub': m3', 'n3, 'H-[(A(OG))-X]—H\u2003\u2003(15)'}, 'wherein in formula (14), G represents a glycidyl group, and said glycidyl group may be substituted with an alkyl group, a phenyl group or ...

CATALYST FOR EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

To provide an exhaust gas catalyst using a fired aluminum phosphate body with more excellent performance, and a method for producing it. (1) An exhaust gas purification catalyst including at least one platinum-group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh and Pd having a mean particle diameter of between 0.50 nm and 2.0 nm, supported on a tridymite-type fired aluminum phosphate body. (2) A method for producing an exhaust gas purification catalyst, including the steps of: firing aluminum phosphate obtained from an aqueous solution prepared to a pH of 3.5 to 4.5, at a temperature of between 1000° C. and 1200° C. for 2 hours or longer, to obtain a fired aluminum phosphate body, and supporting at least one type of platinum-group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh and Pd on the fired aluminum phosphate body. 1. An exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising at least one platinum-group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt , Rh and Pd having a mean particle diameter of between 0.50 nm and 2.0 nm , supported on a tridymite-type fired aluminum phosphate body.2. An exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the platinum-group metal is Pd.3. An exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the loading weight of the platinum-group metal with respect to the fired body is 0.0001 wt % to 2.0 wt %.4. A method for producing an exhaust gas purification catalyst claim 1 , comprising the steps of:firing aluminum phosphate obtained from an aqueous solution prepared to a pH of 3.5 to 4.5, at a temperature of between 1000° C. and 1200° C. for 2 hours or longer, to obtain a fired aluminum phosphate body, andsupporting at least one type of platinum-group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh and Pd having a mean particle diameter of between 0.50 nm and 2.0 nm on the fired aluminum phosphate body.5. The method for producing an exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein the ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 1. A dehydration catalyst consisting essentially of one or more amorphous phosphate salts; {'br': None, 'sub': 2(1−x)', '(4−x), 'sup': '−', '[HPO]\u2003\u2003(I);'}, 'wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts consist essentially of one or more monovalent cations, and one or more phosphate anions selected from the group represented by empirical formula (I)wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts of said dehydration catalyst are neutrally charged.2. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The dehydration catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts is KHPO; and wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1.4. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts are selected from the group represented by empirical formula (Ib):{'br': None, 'sub': w', '(1−w)', '2(x−x)', '(4−x), 'sup': I', 'I, 'MNHPO\u2003\u2003(Ib);'}{'sup': I', 'I, 'wherein Mand Nare two different monovalent cations; wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1; and wherein w is any real number greater than 0 and less than 1.'}5. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.6. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more monovalent cations are selected from the group ...

CATALYSTS FOR PETROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 185.-. (canceled)86. A catalyst comprising an oxide of a rare earth element , the catalyst comprising:{'sub': 4-x', 'x', '6, 'the formula Ln1Ln2O, wherein Ln1 and Ln2 are each independently a different lanthanide element, and x is a number ranging from greater than 0 to less than 4; and'}at least one doping element from one of groups 1-16, lanthanides, actinides or combinations thereof,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the catalyst further comprises a Cselectivity of greater than 50% and a methane conversion of greater than 10% when the catalyst is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidative coupling of methane at a temperature of 700° C. or less.'}87. The catalyst of claim 86 , wherein the at least one doping element is selected from groups 1-4 claim 86 , 8 claim 86 , 13 claim 86 , 14 claim 86 , lanthanides claim 86 , actinides and combinations thereof.88. The catalyst of claim 86 , wherein the at least one doping element is selected from groups 1-6 claim 86 , 8 claim 86 , 11 claim 86 , 13-15 claim 86 , lanthanides claim 86 , actinides and combinations thereof.89. The catalyst of claim 86 , wherein the at least one doping element is a rare earth element.90. The catalyst of claim 86 , wherein the at least one doping element is Na claim 86 , Mg claim 86 , Ca claim 86 , Sr claim 86 , Ga claim 86 , Sc claim 86 , Y claim 86 , Zr claim 86 , In claim 86 , Nd claim 86 , Eu claim 86 , Sm claim 86 , Ce claim 86 , Gd claim 86 , Hf claim 86 , Ho claim 86 , Tm claim 86 , W claim 86 , La claim 86 , K claim 86 , Dy claim 86 , In claim 86 , Cs claim 86 , S claim 86 , Zn claim 86 , Rb claim 86 , Ba claim 86 , Yb claim 86 , Ni claim 86 , Lu claim 86 , Ta claim 86 , P claim ...

Catalysis of Diketopiperazine Synthesis

Provided is a method for the synthesis of N-protected bis-3,6-[4-aminobutyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine including the step of heating a solution of ε-amino protected lysine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus pentoxide. 1. A method for the synthesis of an N-protected 3 ,6-bis[4-aminoalkyI]-2 ,5-diketopiperazine comprising heating a solution comprising:a. an amino acid having a free a-amine group and a protected amine group, andb. means for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of said amino acid.2. The method of wherein said the solution is heated to a target temperature and the target temperature is achieved in about 4-6 hours.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution is heated to a target temperature and the target temperature is maintained for up to 6 hours.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution is heated to a target temperature and wherein said synthesis is substantially complete within about 8 hours of reaching said target temperature.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is heated to a target temperature of between 160° C. and 170° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said means for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of said amino acid comprises addition of a catalyst to the solution claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises at least one of sulfuric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , or phosphorus pentoxide.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution further comprises m-cresol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , or xylene.8. A method for the synthesis of N-protected 3 claim 1 ,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2 claim 1 ,5-diketopiperazine comprising:a. a step for catalyzing a dehydrative cyclocondensation reaction of an amino acid having a free a-amine group and a protected amine group, andb. collecting the N-protected 3,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine on a filter.9. The method of wherein said ...

NEUTRAL, STABLE AND TRANSPARENT PHOTOCATALYTIC TITANIUM DIOXIDE SOLS

A method for preparing a neutral, stable and transparent photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol is provided. The method comprises (1) contacting an alkaline titanium dioxide sol with an alkaline peptizing agent to provide a peptized alkaline titanium dioxide sol; (2) neutralizing the peptized alkaline titanium dioxide sol; and (3) obtaining or collecting the neutral, stable and transparent photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol. The titanium dioxide sol is stable and transparent over a range of pH of about 7.0 to about 9.5. The titanium dioxide sol may include crystallites of titanium dioxide having an average particle size of less than about 10 nm with at least 90% of the crystallites being in the anatase form. 164-. (canceled)65. A method for preparing a photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol , the method comprising:peptizing a titanium dioxide material by reacting with an alkaline peptizing agent to provide a titanium dioxide sol; andneutralizing the titanium dioxide sol with a concentrated acid;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the titanium dioxide sol has a TiOconcentration of at least 18% by weight; and'}wherein the titanium dioxide sol has been washed to have a calcium ion concentration of less than about 71 ppm.66. The method according to claim 65 , wherein the alkaline peptizing agent is selected from the group consisting of an alkylamine claim 65 , a quaternary ammonium hydroxide claim 65 , and combinations thereof.67. The method according to claim 66 , wherein the alkaline peptizing agent is a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide.68. The method according to claim 66 , wherein the alkaline peptizing agent is selected from the group consisting of diethylamine (DEA) claim 66 , tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) claim 66 , and combinations thereof.69. The method according to claim 65 , wherein the titanium dioxide sol has been washed to a filtrate conductivity of equal to or less than 500 μs.70. The method according to claim 65 , wherein the concentrated acid comprises phosphoric acid ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MONOSILANE AND TETRAALKOXYSILANE

The present invention relates to a method for producing monosilane and tetraalkoxysilane comprising subjecting alkoxysilane represented by formula (1) 2. The method for producing monosilane and tetraalkoxysilane as claimed in claim 1 , characterized by use of a catalyst compound represented by formula (II) wherein M is Zr or Ti.3. The method for producing monosilane and tetraalkoxysilane as claimed in claim 1 , characterized by use of a catalyst compound represented by formula (III) wherein M is Zr or Ti.5. The method for producing monosilane and tetraalkoxysilane as claimed in claim 4 , wherein y is 1.3 or 3.7. The method for producing monosilane and tetraalkoxysilane as claimed in claim 6 , using a compound represented by a formula in which Mis K and M is Ti in formula (IIIa):{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '0.5', '2', '2', '5', '0.5, '(KO)(TiO)(PO).'} This is a Divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/509,118 filed May 10, 2012 which is a 371 of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2010/070883 filed Nov. 24, 2010, which claims benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-267094 filed Nov. 25, 2009. The above-noted applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present invention relates to a method for producing monosilane and tetraalkoxysilane by disproportionation reaction of alkoxysilane.Monosilane is useful as a volatile silicone material having high purity, and has been widely used for producing solar cells, semiconductors, amorphous photosensitive silicone materials and various ceramic materials.Various methods for producing monosilane have been known to date. A method using reaction between magnesium silicide and acid or ammonium bromide, a method by reducing silicon chloride using LiAlH, a method by reducing silicon tetrafluoride using CaHand a method by disproportionation reaction of alkoxysilane have been known.Trialkoxysilane is generally used as a starting material in the disproportionation reaction of alkoxysilane, ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING NITRILES

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes a first reacting a molecule from at least one of a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, and/or an anhydride with ammonia to form a nitrile, where the first reacting is catalyzed using an acid catalyst. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the molecule may include at least one of acetic acid, lactic acid, and/or 3-hydroxyproprionic acid (3-HPA). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the molecule may include at least one of methyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and/or ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate (ethyl 3-HP). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the anhydride may be acetic anhydride. 1. A method comprising:a first reacting a molecule comprising at least one of a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, or an anhydride with ammonia to form a nitrile, wherein:{'sub': '2', 'the first reacting is catalyzed using a metal oxide catalyst excluding TiO.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molecule comprises at least one of acetic acid claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , or 3-hydroxyproprionic acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molecule comprises at least one of methyl acetate claim 1 , ethyl lactate claim 1 , or ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anhydride is acetic anhydride.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein Ris a vinyl group and the nitrile is acrylonitrile.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein Ris a methyl group and the nitrile is acetonitrile.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the molecule is the ester of a carboxylic acid,prior to the first reacting, a second reacting of the carboxylic acid with an alcohol to produce the molecule and water, andthe second reacting regenerates the alcohol.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide catalyst comprises at least one of AlPO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , NbO claim 1 , or NbO.10. A method comprising:esterifying a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to produce an ester and water; ...

SYNTHESIS PROCESS FOR DIACETYL EPOXY GLYCERYL OLEATE

The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of diacetyl epoxy glyceryl oleate, comprising the steps of: a). esterification of glycerol and oleic acid at 115-190° C. for 1.5-4.5 hours in the presence of an esterification catalyst to obtain glyceryl monooleate; b). acetylation of glyceryl monooleate and an acetylating reagent at 90-160° C. for 2-10 hours in the presence of an acetylation catalyst to obtain diacetyl glyceryl oleate; c). epoxidation of diacetyl glyceryl oleate and hydrogen peroxide at 60-80° C. for 2-4 hours in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst and a weak acid to obtain diacetyl epoxy glyceryl oleate. The prepared diacetyl epoxy glyceryl oleate can be used as plasticizer in plastics, with the advantages of improved stability, good flowability, and high compatibility with plastics. 2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that in step a) claim 1 , the weight ratio of glycerol to oleic acid is 1:3.06-3.07.3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that in step a) claim 1 , the esterification catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid claim 1 , concentrated phosphoric acid claim 1 , potassium bisulfate claim 1 , p-toluenesulfonic acid or [emin]BF4 ion liquid claim 1 , and the amount of the esterification catalyst is 0.01-0.04% by weight of the esterification starting material.4. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that in step b) claim 1 , the acetylating reagent is any one of acetyl chloride claim 1 , glacial acetic acid claim 1 , and acetic anhydride claim 1 , and the amount of said acetylation reagent is 40-50% by weight of the amount of glyceryl monooleate.5. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that in step b) claim 1 , the acetylation catalyst is at least one of concentrated sulfuric acid claim 1 , concentrated phosphoric acid and NaHSO.HO claim 1 , and the amount of said acetylation catalyst is 0.3-0.6% by weight of the amount of glyceryl monooleate.6. The process according ...

Method for Making a Catalyst Comprising a Phosphorus Modified Zeolite to be Used in an Alcohols Dehydration Process

A method of forming a phosphorus modified zeolite includes introducing phosphorus into a zeolite having at least one ten member ring in a structure thereof in an amount of from 0.5 to 30 weight percent, followed by a separation of solid from liquid if any. The method includes mixing the phosphorus modified zeolite with a component selected among binders, salts of alkali-earth metals, salts of rare-earth metals, and clays. The method includes making a catalyst body from the mixture by extruding the mixture into a desired shape. The method optionally includes a drying step, optionally followed by a washing step. The method includes a calcination step, optionally followed by a washing step and drying. An alcohol having at least 2 carbon atoms may be converted into a corresponding olefin in a dehydration process in the presence of the phosphorus modified zeolite.

Catalysts For Making Acrylic Acid From Lactic Acid Or Its Derivatives In Liquid Phase

Catalysts for the dehydration of lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof in liquid phase comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid are provided.

BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST COMPRISING PHOSPHOROUS

A bifunctional catalyst for example for conversion of oxygenates, said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAlO. 1. A bifunctional catalyst , said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite , alumina binder , Zn and P , wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAlO.2. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst is a catalyst for conversion of oxygenates.3. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is ZSM-5 or ZSM-11.4. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an extruded or pelletized catalyst.5. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising 30-80 wt % zeolite claim 1 , 1-40 wt % ZnAlO claim 1 , 0-40% AlPO claim 1 , 0-40 wt % AlO claim 1 , 0-10 wt % ZnO.6. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present in both zeolite and alumina binder.7. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of P/Zn is 0.02-5.8. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the alumina binder further comprises silica.9. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst claim 1 , by X-ray diffraction claim 1 , does not contain free ZnO in the binder.10. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the Zn concentration is 3-25 wt % in the catalyst.11. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present in the binder as mainly ZnAlO.12. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar amount of Zn present in the binder phase as ZnAlOconstitutes at least 50% claim 1 , at least 60% of the total amount of Zn in the binder phase.13. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar amount of Zn present in the binder phase as ZnAlOconstitutes at least 96% of the total amount of Zn present in the binder phase.14. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar amount of Zn present in the binder phase as ZnO ...

Catalysts for fenton system containing metal oxide containing functional group on surface and fenton system using the same

Provided is a catalyst for a Fenton system, and a method of preparing the same. The catalyst includes one or more species of d 0 -orbital-based or non-d 0 -orbital-based catalyst including NO 3 − /SO 4 2− /H 2 PO 4 − /HPO 4 2− /PO 4 3− functional groups on the surface thereof. The method includes preparing a d 0 -orbital-based or non-d 0 -orbital-based transition metal oxide; and preparing a transition metal oxide catalyst comprising a NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , H 2 PO 4 − , HPO 4 2− , or PO 4 3− functional group on the surface of the catalyst via nitrification, sulfation, or phosphorylation of the transition metal oxide.

Synthesis of r-glucosides, sugar alcohols, reduced sugar alcohols, and furan derivatives of reduced sugar alcohols

Disclosed herein are methods for synthesizing 1,2,5,6-hexanetetrol (HTO), 1,6 hexanediol (HDO) and other reduced polyols from C5 and C6 sugar alcohols or R glycosides. The methods include contacting the sugar alcohol or R-glycoside with a copper catalyst, most desirably a Raney copper catalyst with hydrogen for a time, temperature and pressure sufficient to form reduced polyols having 2 to 3 fewer hydoxy groups than the starting material. When the starting compound is a C6 sugar alcohol such as sorbitol or R-glycoside of a C6 sugar such as methyl glucoside, the predominant product is HTO. The same catalyst can be used to further reduce the HTO to HDO.

AN ADDITIVE AND A CATALYST COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE ADDITIVE FOR FCC PROCESS

The present disclosure relates to an additive and a catalyst composition for a catalytic cracking process of vacuum gas oil for preparing cracked run naphtha having reduced liquid olefin content, and increased propylene and butylene yields in the LPG fraction. The process makes use of a catalyst composition which is a mixture of an FCC equilibrated catalyst and an additive comprising a zeolite, phosphorus and a combination of metal promoters. The process is successful in achieving high propylene and butylene yields in the LPG fraction along with a lower liquid olefin content and increased aromatic content with increase in RON unit in the resultant cracked run naphtha, as compared to that achieved using an FCC equilibrated catalyst alone. 1. An additive for a catalyst composition for a fluid catalytic cracking process comprising a zeolite impregnated with phosphorus in the range of 10 wt % to 15wt % with respect to the weight of said zeolite and a mixture of metal promoters comprising zirconium , molybdenum , nickel , cobalt , zinc and gallium , independently in the range of 0.1 wt % to 1.0 wt % with respect to the weight of said zeolite.2. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said phosphorous in said zeolite is 12 wt % with respect to the weight of said zeolite.3. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the precursor of phosphorus is at least one phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid claim 1 , phosphates claim 1 , phosphorous acid claim 1 , phosphites claim 1 , pyrophosphoric acid claim 1 , pyrophosphates claim 1 , polymeric phosphoric acid claim 1 , polyphosphates claim 1 , metaphosphoric acid and metaphosphates.4. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amount of said metal promoters with respect to the weight of said zeolite are:a. 0.5 wt % zirconium;b. 0.5 wt % molybdenum;c. 0.5 wt % nickel;d. 0.5 wt % cobalt;e. 1 wt % zinc; andf. 1 wt % gallium.5. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ...

MFI STRUCTURE MOLECULAR SIEVE RICH IN MESOPORE, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND CATALYST CONTAINING SAME AND APPLICATION THEREOF

A molecular sieve of MFI structure has a ratio of n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3) of more than 15 and less than 70. It has a content of phosphorus of 1-15 wt %, calculated as POand based on the dry weight of the molecular sieve and a content of the supported metal in the molecular sieve 1-10 wt % based on the oxide of the supported metal and the dry weight of the molecular sieve. The supported metal is one or two selected from lanthanum and cerium. The volume of mesopores in the molecular sieve represents 40-70% by volume of the total pore volume of the molecular sieve by volume, measured by a nitrogen adsorption BET specific surface area method, and the volume of mesopores means the pore volume of the pores having a diameter of more than 2 nm and less than 100 nm. 1. A molecular sieve of MFI structure rich in mesopores , comprising a silicon component , an aluminum component , a phosphorus component and a supported metal component , wherein the molecular sieve has a ratio of n(SiO)/n(AlO) of more than 15 and less than 70; the molecular sieve has a content of phosphorus , calculated as PO , of 1-15 wt % based on the dry weight of the molecular sieve; the molecular sieve has a supported metal content , calculated as the oxide of the supported metal , of 1-10 wt % based on the dry weight of the molecular sieve , wherein the supported metal is one or more selected from rare earth elements , preferably one or two selected from lanthanum and cerium; the volume of mesopores in the molecular sieve represents 40-70% by volume of the total pore volume of the molecular sieve , the volume of mesopores and the total pore volume of the molecular sieve are measured by a nitrogen adsorption BET specific surface area method , and the volume of mesopores means the pore volume of the pores having a diameter of more than 2 nm and less than 100 nm.2. The molecular sieve of MFI structure rich in mesopores according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has a RE distribution parameter claim 1 , D ...

Use of heterogeneous acid catalysts based on mixed metal salts to produce biodiesel

The present invention relates to the production of biodiesel and alkyl esters by the transesterification of triglyceride esters, with alcohols in heterogeneous phase in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, with yields higher than 80%, at a temperature from 0 to 300° C., residence time from 20 minutes to 20 h, space velocity of 0.1 to 10 h −1 , pressure of 25-100 kg/cm 2 (24.5-98.07 bar), methanol/oil molar ratio of 10 to 40 and catalyst concentration of 0.001 to 20 weight % based on tri-, di- or monoglyceride. The method produces biodiesel and alkyl esters by transesterification of tri-, di- or mono-glycerides, from palm, jatropha, castor, soybean and sunflower oils, wherein the alcohoxyls R 1 O, R 2 O and R 3 O of the glycerides are C 1 to C 24 and a C 1 -C 4 alcohol, such as methanol, in an alcohol:oil ratio from 3:1 to 50:1. The transesterification reaction produces biodiesel while avoiding loss of catalyst, contaminating liquid effluents and eliminating undesirable hydrolysis of triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides into free fatty acids and saponification that generate soaps.

AIR CLEANING APPARATUS

An air cleaning apparatus includes: a collection filter for collecting dust; a first ultraviolet light emitter for irradiating the collection filter with ultraviolet light having a first wavelength; and a photocatalyst supporting filter which supports a photocatalyst exhibiting photocatalytic activity by the ultraviolet light having the first wavelength and collects the dust. The collection filter transmits the ultraviolet light having the first wavelength, and the ultraviolet light having the first wavelength passing through the collection filter is irradiated to the photocatalyst supporting filter. 1. An air cleaning apparatus comprising:a collection filter that collects dust;a first ultraviolet light emitter that irradiates the collection filter with ultraviolet light having a first wavelength; anda photocatalyst supporting filter that supports a photocatalyst exhibiting photocatalytic activity by the ultraviolet light having the first wavelength and collects the dust,wherein the collection filter transmits the ultraviolet light having the first wavelength, andthe ultraviolet light having the first wavelength passing through the collection filter is irradiated to the photocatalyst supporting filter.2. The air cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the collection filter is made of a light transmitting material.3. The air cleaning apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein the collection filter is made of a nonwoven fabric.4. The air cleaning apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein the collection filter and the photocatalyst supporting filter are stacked in contact with each other.5. The air cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the collection filter is positively charged.6. The air cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprisinga second ultraviolet light emitter that irradiates ultraviolet light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength to a side opposite to a side of the photocatalyst supporting filter ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 2. The dehydration catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said one or more amorphous phosphate salts is KHPO; and wherein x is any real number equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1.4. The dehydration catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.6. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , further comprising amorphous silicon oxide (SiO); wherein said amorphous silicon oxide is substantially chemically inert to said one or more amorphous phosphate salts.7. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more polyvalent cations are selected from the group consisting of the cations of the metals Be claim 5 , Mg claim 5 , Ca claim 5 , Sr claim 5 , Ba claim 5 , Sc claim 5 , Y claim 5 , Ti claim 5 , Zr claim 5 , Hf claim 5 , V claim 5 , Nb claim 5 , Ta claim 5 , Cr claim 5 , Mo claim 5 , W claim 5 , Mn claim 5 , Re claim 5 , Al claim 5 , Ga claim 5 , In claim 5 , Tl claim 5 , Si claim 5 , Ge claim 5 , Sn claim 5 , Pb claim 5 , Sb claim 5 , Bi claim 5 , La claim 5 , Ce claim 5 , Pr claim 5 , Nd claim 5 , Sm claim 5 , Eu claim 5 , Gd claim 5 , Tb claim 5 , Dy claim 5 , Ho claim 5 , Er claim 5 , Tm claim 5 , Yb claim 5 , Lu claim 5 , and mixtures thereof.8. The dehydration catalyst of claim 7 , wherein said one or more polyvalent cations are selected from the group consisting of the cations of the metals Mg claim 7 , Ca claim 7 , Sr claim 7 , Ba claim 7 , Y claim 7 , Mn claim 7 , Al claim 7 , Er claim 7 , and mixtures thereof.9. The dehydration catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said one or more oxyanions are selected from the group represented by molecular formulae ( ...

Catalysts For The Dehydration Of Hydroxypropionic Acid And Its Derivatives

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided. 1. A method of preparing a dehydration catalyst , comprising: [{'br': None, 'sub': j', '(2+i−j)', 'i', '(3i+1), 'sup': 'I', 'M(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIa)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 4', 'l', '(2+k−l)', 'k', '(3k+1), '(NH)(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIb)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': u', '(m−p)', '3', 'm, 'sup': 'I', 'M(H(PO))\u2003\u2003(VIc)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 4', 'r', '(q−r)', '3', 'q, '(NH)(H(PO))\u2003\u2003(VId)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': u', '(t−u)', '(2s+t)', '(5s+3t), 'sup': 'I', 'M(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIe)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 4', 'α', '(w−α)', '(2v+w)', '(5v+3w), '(NH)(HPO)\u2003\u2003(VIf)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'sup': 'I', 'MO\u2003\u2003(VIg)'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 'I', 'MOH\u2003\u2003(VIh)'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 'I', 'sub': '3', 'MNO\u2003\u2003(VIi)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3, 'sup': 'I', 'MCO\u2003\u2003(VIj)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'β, 'sup': 'I', '(H(CH)COO)M\u2003\u2003(VIk);'}], 'mixing two or more different phosphate precursor compounds selected from the group comprising{'sup': I', '+', '+', '+', '+', '+', '+', '+, 'claim-text': {'sup': 'I', 'to produce a dehydration catalyst precursor mixture; wherein the molar ratio between the total amount of P and the total amount of Min said dehydration catalyst precursor mixture is about 1; and'}, 'wherein Mis a monovalent cation; wherein said monovalent cation is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, Tl, and mixtures thereof; wherein i, k, m, q, s, and v are integers greater than zero; wherein j, l, p, r, u, and α are real numbers equal to or greater than zero; wherein t, w, and β are integers equal to or greater than zero; wherein (2+i−j), (2+k−l), (m−p), (q−r), (t−u), and (w−α) are equal to or greater than zero;'}contacting said ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-FURALDEHYDE

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing the corrosion of a reactor and reducing waste in the production of 2-furaldehyde from a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component, and another object of the invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing 2-furaldehyde, which suppresses a decrease in the activity of a catalyst in a case of using an acid catalyst and provides a higher yield. The present invention relates to a method for producing 2-furaldehyde comprising heating a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a solid acid catalyst. 1: A method for producing 2-furaldehyde , comprising heating , in a reaction system , a sugar raw material comprising a hexose as a constituent component in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a solid acid catalyst ,wherein the solid acid catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, zirconium sulfate, zinc sulfate, nickel sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, chromium sulfate, cobalt sulfate, a rare earth sulfate, and alum; andthe aprotic polar solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone and phthalide.2: The method according to claim 1 , further comprising separating the produced 2-furaldehyde from the solvent or byproducts and the solid acid catalyst remaining in the reaction system claim 1 , while distilling away the produced 2-furaldehyde to the outside of the reaction system.3: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is a metal sulfate which is not uniformly dissolved in the aprotic polar solvent.4: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is in a state of a solution in which the catalyst is uniformly dissolved or in a uniform liquid claim 1 , and the catalyst is in a solid state in the reaction system ...

METHOD OF CONVERTING LACTOSE-CONTAINING DAIRY BY-PRODUCTS INTO MONOSACCHARIDES

A method of making a solution containing glucose and galactose. The method includes the steps of reducing the concentration of non-protein nitrogen-containing (NPN) compounds in a dairy by-product stream comprising lactose to yield a reduced-NPN dairy by-product stream; and contacting the reduced-NPN dairy by-product stream of step (a) with an acid catalyst at a temperature of from about 120° C. to about 200° C., and for a time of from about 1 minute to about 180 minutes, wherein at least a portion of the lactose contained in the reduced-NPN dairy by-product stream is hydrolyzed to monosaccharides comprising glucose and galactose. The dairy by-product stream may be ultrafiltered prior to reducing its NPN concentration. 1. A method of making a solution containing glucose and galactose , the method comprising:(a) reducing the concentration of non-protein nitrogen-containing (NPN) compounds in a dairy by-product stream comprising lactose to yield a reduced-NPN dairy by-product stream;(b) contacting the reduced-NPN dairy by-product stream of step (a) with an acid catalyst at a temperature of from about 120° C. to about 200° C., and for a time of from about 1 minute to about 180 minutes, wherein at least a portion of the lactose contained in the reduced-NPN dairy by-product stream is hydrolyzed to monosaccharides comprising glucose and galactose.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises reducing the concentration of non-protein nitrogen-containing (NPN) compounds in the dairy by-product stream by contacting the dairy by-product stream with an effective amount of an adsorbent dimensioned and configured to adsorb NPN compounds.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the adsorbent of step (a) comprises activated carbon.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the adsorbent of step (a) comprises an adsorbent dimensioned and configured to adsorb urea.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , the acid is a solid acid or a mineral acid.6. The method of claim 5 , ...

CATALYST FOR GLYCERIN DEHYDRATION, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND ACROLEIN PREPARATION METHOD USING CATALYST

The present invention relates to: a catalyst for glycerin dehydration; a preparation method therefor; and an acrolein preparation method using the catalyst. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst is used in glycerin dehydration so as to exhibit high catalytic activity, a high yield and high acrolein selectivity, and has a characteristic in which carbon is not readily deposited, thereby having a long lifetime compared with that of a conventional catalyst. 1. A catalyst for dehydration of glycerin represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'n', 'y', 'm', 'z, 'ZrA(HPO)\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 1]'}in Chemical Formula 1, A is one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of B, W, V, Ca, K, Mg, Sr, Ag, Ni, Zn, Fe, Sn, and Nb; andx, n, m, y, and z represent ratios of atoms or atom groups, wherein x is 0.1 to 6, n is 0.01 to 8, y is 0.1 to 10, m is 1 to 5, and z is 1 to 12.2. The catalyst for dehydration of glycerin according to claim 1 , wherein n is 0.01 to 0.3 claim 1 , m is 4 claim 1 , x is 0.5 to 1 claim 1 , y is 1 to 3 claim 1 , and z is 1 to 5.3. The catalyst for dehydration of glycerin according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst represented by Chemical Formula 1 is a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'n1', 'y', '4', 'z, 'sup': '1', 'ZrA(HPO)\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 2]'}{'sup': '1', 'in Chemical Formula 2, x is 0.5 to 1, Ais W or Zn, n1 is 0.01 to 0.3, y is 1 to 3, and z is 1 to 5.'}4. The catalyst for dehydration of glycerin according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst represented by Chemical Formula 1 is a compound represented by Chemical Formula 3:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'n2', 'n3', 'y', '4', 'z, 'sup': '2', 'ZrAW(HPO)\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 3]'}{'sup': '2', 'in Chemical Formula 3, x is 0.5 to 1, Ais B, V, Ca, K, Mg, Ag, Zn, Fe, or Nb, y is 1 to 3, z is 1 to 5, and n2 and n3 are independently a rational number between 0.001 to 0.2 and the sum of n2 and ...

Bifunctional catalyst

A bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates, said catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder and Zn, wherein the Zn is present at least partly as ZnAl2O4.

Methods Of Making Acrylic Acid From Lactic Acid Or Its Derivatives In Liquid Phase

Methods for making acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid in liquid phase are provided. 1. A method of making acrylic acid , acrylic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof comprising contacting a feed stream comprising lactic acid , lactic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst in a reactor at a temperature; wherein said molten salt catalyst comprises an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid; whereby acrylic acid , acrylic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof are produced as a result of said contacting in said reactor; wherein said IL has a bromide (Br) anion and a phosphonium cation; and wherein said products of acrylic acid , acrylic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof are removed in-situ via a reactive distillation at a vacuum.2. The method of wherein said lactic acid derivatives are selected from the group consisting of lactic acid with its carboxylic acid group protected claim 1 , lactic acid with its hydroxyl group replaced by a better leaving group claim 1 , lactic acid with both its carboxylic acid group protected and hydroxyl group replaced by a better leaving group claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The method of wherein said lactic acid derivatives are selected from the group consisting of lactide claim 2 , 2-acetoxypropionic acid (2-APA) claim 2 , ethyl 2-trifluoroacetoxypropionate (ETFP) claim 2 , and 2-bromopropionic acid (2-BrPA).4. The method of wherein said IL is [PBu]Br; and wherein said acid is selected from the group consisting of CaBr claim 1 , MgBr claim 1 , AlBr claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The method of wherein said IL is [PBu]Br; and wherein said acid is 2-bromopropionic acid (2-BrPA).6. The method of wherein said acrylic acid claim 1 , acrylic acid derivatives claim 1 , or mixtures thereof are produced with a yield of at ...

Phosphorus tolerant catalyst washcoat structure

Phosphorus tolerant or resistant three-way catalysts (TWC) are disclosed. The TWC may include a substrate defining a plurality of channels. It may include front and rear washcoat portions overlying the substrate and having respective first and second washcoat loadings, the first washcoat loading being at most 2.0 g/in 3 and less than the second washcoat loading. The front washcoat portion may include a catalyst material supported on a support material comprising a cerium oxide, such as ceria or CZO, or a pre-phosphated material, such as AlPO 4 , or CePO 4 . In one embodiment, the support material may comprise at least 85 wt. % of a cerium oxide or at least 85 wt. % of a phosphate-containing material. The front portion and the underlying substrate may comprise from 3 to 25 vol. % of the three-way catalyst or the front portion may overly up to an initial 15% of an axial length of the substrate.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHOSPHOROUS CONTAINING MESOPOROUS ALUMINA CATALYST FOR SELECTIVE DEHYDRATION OF METHANOL TO DIMETHYL ETHER

The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of phosphorous containing mesoporous alumina catalyst for selective dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. The process provides a single step selective vapour phase dehydration of methanol to produce dimethyl ether over phosphorous containing mesoporous alumina (P/Al2O3) catalyst at a temperature in the range of 150-350° C. The process provides methanol conversion of 45-100% with a selectivity of the DME up to 100%. 1. An improved process for the preparation of phosphorus containing mesoporous AlOcatalyst , wherein said process comprising the steps of:a) preparing a solution by mixing Aluminum isopropoxide in ethanol and adding phosphoric acid, nitric acid and ethanol into it to and stirring the solution for a period in the range of 9-11 hrs at 25° C. to 35° C.;b) preparing a second solution by mixing Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P123) in ethanol;{'sub': 2', '3, 'c) mixing two solutions as obtained in steps (a) and (b) and stirring for a period in the range of 3-5 hrs at 25° C. to 35° C., followed by drying at a temperature in the range of 60°-150° C., for a period in the range of 3-48 hrs, subsequently calcining the catalyst at a temperature in the range of 700° C. for 2-8 hrs, to obtain phosphorus containing mesoporous AlOcatalyst.'}2. The improved process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein mol % ratio of Aluminium to Phosphorus of the catalyst is in the range of 0.5 to 5%.3. A process for the vapour phase selective dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) over phosphorus containing mesoporous AlOcatalyst as obtained by the process as claimed in claim 1 ,{'sup': −1', '−1', '−1', '−1, 'wherein the process comprises placing said catalyst in between two quartz wool plugged in the center of the reactor and preheating the catalyst using helium at a temperature in the range of 450° C.-600° C. for 2 hours, subsequently contacting methanol over ...

CATALYST WITH HIGH C4 OLEFIN SELECTIVITY FOR PREPARING OLEFIN FROM METHANOL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

A method of preparing a catalyst, comprising: (1) mixing a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, a phosphorus source, a matrix material, a bonding agent and water to formulate an aqueous slurry, wherein the total content of the components except for water is 20-50 wt % based on the total weight of the aqueous slurry; (2) spray drying the slurry obtained in step (1) to obtain a granular intermediate product; and (3) calcining the granular intermediate product obtained in step (2) to obtain the catalyst used for preparing olefin from methanol in a fluid bed. The invention also provides a catalyst prepared according to said method, and a process of preparing olefin from methanol using said catalyst. In the methanol-to-olefin process, the conversion of methanol is >99%; the propylene selectivity is high; and the C4 selectivity is up to 32%. 1. A method of preparing a catalyst used for preparing olefin from methanol in a fluid bed , comprising:(1) mixing a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, a phosphorus source, a matrix material, a bonding agent and water to formulate an aqueous slurry, wherein the total content of the components except for water is 20-50 wt % based on the total weight of the aqueous slurry;(2) spray drying the slurry obtained in step (1) to obtain a granular intermediate product; and(3) calcining the granular intermediate product obtained in step (2) to obtain the catalyst that can be used for preparing olefin from methanol in a fluid bed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica to alumina ratio of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve is 20-400; and the content of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve is 20-55 wt % based on the total weight of the components except for water in the aqueous slurry.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material is selected from one or more of kaolin clay claim 1 , calcined kaolin clay claim 1 , diatomaceous earth claim 1 , pseudo boehmite and montmorillonite; and the matrix material has a particle diameter of less than 2 μm claim 1 , and a content of 20-59 ...

Purification Of Bio Based Acrylic Acid To Crude And Glacial Acrylic Acid

Processes for the purification of bio-based acrylic acid to crude and glacial acrylic acid are provided. The bio-based acrylic acid is produced from hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. The purification includes some or all of the following processes: extraction, drying, distillation, and melt crystallization. The produced glacial or crude acrylic acid contains hydroxypropionic, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof as an impurity. 1. A composition of crude acrylic acid comprising between about 94 wt % and about 98 wt % acrylic acid , and wherein a portion of the remaining impurities in said composition of crude acrylic acid is hydroxypropionic acid , hydroxypropionic acid derivatives , or mixtures thereof.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydroxypropionic acid claim 1 , hydroxypropionic acid derivatives claim 1 , or mixtures thereof is lactic acid claim 1 , lactic acid derivatives claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.3. A crude acrylic acid composition produced by the steps comprising:a. Providing an aqueous solution of acrylic acid comprising: 1) acrylic acid; and 2) lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof, and wherein said aqueous solution of acrylic acid is essentially free of maleic anhydride, furfural, and formic acid;b. Extracting said aqueous solution of acrylic acid with a solvent to produce an extract;c. Drying said extract to produce a dried extract;d. Distilling said dried extract to produce a distilled acrylic acid composition; ande. Determining the acrylic acid purity of said distilled acrylic acid composition, and if the purity is less than about 94 wt % acrylic acid, repeating said distilling step on the purified acrylic acid composition until a purity of about 94 wt % acrylic acid is achieved and said crude acrylic acid composition is produced.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the aqueous solution of acrylic acid comprises from about 4 wt % to about 80 wt % acrylic ...

Catalysis of Diketopiperazine Synthesis

Provided is a method for the synthesis of N-protected bis-3,6-[4-aminobutyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine including the step of heating a solution of ε-amino protected lysine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus pentoxide. 1. A method for the synthesis of an N-protected 3 ,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2 ,5-diketopiperazine comprising heating a solution comprising:a. an amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group, andb. means for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of said amino acid.2. The method of wherein said the solution is heated to a target temperature and the target temperature is achieved in about 4-6 hours.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution is heated to a target temperature and the target temperature is maintained for up to 6 hours.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution is heated to a target temperature and wherein said synthesis is substantially complete within about 8 hours of reaching said target temperature.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is heated to a target temperature of between 160° C. and 170° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said means for catalyzing dehydrative cyclocondensation of said amino acid comprises addition of a catalyst to the solution claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises at least one of sulfuric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , or phosphorus pentoxide.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution further comprises m-cresol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , or xylene.8. A method for the synthesis of N-protected 3 claim 1 ,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2 claim 1 ,5-diketopiperazine comprising:a. a step for catalyzing a dehydrative cyclocondensation reaction of an amino acid having a free α-amine group and a protected amine group, andb. collecting the N-protected 3,6-bis[4-aminoalkyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine on a filter.9. The method of wherein said ...

CATALYSTS FOR PETROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 1. A catalyst blend comprising at least one first catalyst and at least one second catalyst , wherein the at least one first catalyst has a first oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) activity at a first temperature , and the at least one second catalyst has a second OCM activity which is lower than the first OCM activity at the first temperature , and wherein the second OCM activity is increased at a second temperature which is higher than the first temperature.2. The catalyst blend of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst has a C2 yield of greater than 5% at temperatures less than 700° C. in the OCM reaction.3. The catalyst blend of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst has a C2 yield of less than 5% at temperatures less than 700° C. in the OCM reaction.4. The catalyst blend of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst has a C2 yield of greater than 5% at temperatures less than 600° C. in the OCM reaction.5. The catalyst blend of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst has a C2 yield of less than 5% at temperatures less than 600° C. in the OCM reaction.6. The catalyst blend of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst has a C2 yield of greater than 10% at temperatures less than 700° C. in the OCM reaction.7. The catalyst blend of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst has a C2 yield of less than 1% at temperatures less than 700° C. in the OCM reaction.8. The catalyst blend of claim 1 , further comprising a support material.9. The catalyst blend of claim 8 , wherein the support material comprises AlPO claim 8 , AlO claim 8 , SiO—AlO claim 8 , CaO claim 8 , TiO claim 8 , ZrO claim 8 , MgO claim 8 , SiO claim 8 , ZrO claim 8 , HfO claim 8 , InO claim 8 , SiC or ...

Solid phosphoric acid catalysts

The present disclosure relates to solid phosphoric acid (SPA) catalyst compositions useful in the formation of hydrocarbons, such as the oligomerization of olefins, prepared from formable mixtures that comprise a phosphate source and a siliceous support material source in amounts, for example, such that the ratio of the phosphate source and the siliceous support material source is within the range of about 2.9:1 to about 3.4:1 calculated on a weight basis as H 3 PO 4 :SiO 2 , and a dry particulate material.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Catalyst composition comprising a metallocene and a silica-coated alumina activator-support

Menetelmä katalyyttikantajan valmistamiseksi, katalyytti olefiinipolymerisointia varten ja menetelmä olefiinien polymerisoimiseksi mainitulla katalyytillä

Support for catalysts, process for the manufacture of a precursor gel of a support for catalysts, catalyst for the polymerization of olefins and process for the polymerization of olefins by means of this catalyst

Support for catalysts, containing at least two constituents chosen from silica, alumina and aluminium phosphate, having a specific surface of 100 to 800 m 2 /g, a crystallization temperature greater than or equal to 700° C. and a pore volume of 1.5 to 4 cm 3 /g, the specific surface (SS) and the pore volume (PV) corresponding to the relationship: SS<(PV×564-358). Process for the manufacture of such a support, according to which an alcohol, water, a silicon alkoxide and an acid are mixed under conditions such that gelling or precipitation of silica is prevented, an acidic solution of an aluminium compound and/or a solution of a source of phosphate ions are added thereto, a gelling agent is added thereto, a gel is recovered which is washed with water and then by means of an organic liquid, the gel is then dried until a powder is obtained, and the powder is calcined. Polymerization of olefins in the presence of a catalyst containing chromium on a support as described above.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Catalyst compositions containing silica-coated alumina activator-supports are disclosed. Methods for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins and the obtained polyolefins are disclosed.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

Support for catalyst, method for producing gel precursor media for catalyst, method for preparing a catalyst support, catalyst for olefin polymerization and method for olefin polymerization using the catalyst .

Support pour catalyseurs, contenant au moins deux constituants choisis parmi la silice, l'alumine et le phosphate d'aluminium, présentant une surface spéicifique de 100 à 800 m2/g, une température de cristallisation supérieure ou égale à 700 degrés C, un volume poreux de 1,5 à 4 cm3/g, la surface spéicifique (SS) et le volume poreux (VP) répondant à la relation : SS<(VP x 564 - 358). Procédé pour la fabrication d'un tel support, selon lequel on mélange un alcool, de l'eau, un alcoolate de silicium et un acide dans des conditions telles qu'on évite une gélification ou précipitation de silice, on y ajoute une solution acide d'un composé d'aluminium et/ou une solution d'une source d'ions phosphates, on y ajoute un agent gélifiant, on recueille un gel que l'on soumet à un lavage à l'eau et ensuite au moyen d'un liquide organique, puis on sèche le gel jusqu'à l'obtention d'une poudre, et on calcine la poudre. Polymérisation d'oléfines en présence d'un catalyseur contenant du chrome sur un support tel que décrit ci-dessus. Support for catalysts, containing at least two constituents chosen from silica, alumina and aluminum phosphate, having a specific surface of 100 to 800 m2 / g, a crystallization temperature greater than or equal to 700 degrees C, a volume porous 1.5 to 4 cm3 / g, the specific surface (SS) and the pore volume (VP) corresponding to the relationship: SS <(VP x 564 - 358). Process for the manufacture of such a support, according to which an alcohol, water, a silicon alcoholate and an acid are mixed under conditions such as to avoid gelation or precipitation of silica, an acid solution is added thereto of an aluminum compound and / or a solution of a source of phosphate ions, a gelling agent is added thereto, a gel is collected which is subjected to washing with water and then using an organic liquid, then the gel is dried until a powder is obtained, and the powder is calcined. ...