КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ

Изобретение относится к предшественникам катализаторов Фишера-Тропша, содержащим носитель и кобальт на данном носителе, к катализаторам Фишера-Тропша, способу получения предшественников катализаторов и к применению карбоновой кислоты в указанном способе. Предшественник катализатора содержит (i) носитель катализатора, содержащий оксид кремния и 11-18% масс. TiO; и (ii) кобальт на данном носителе катализатора. Другой предшественник содержит (i) носитель катализатора, включающий оксид кремния и TiO; и (ii) 35-60% масс. Co, представленного как CoOна данном носителе катализатора, где среднечисловой диаметр частиц CoOсоставляет меньше чем 12 нм, определенный с помощью XRD, и С-величина логарифмически нормального распределения размера частиц CoOсоставляет от 0,19 до 0,31; или (b) D-величина логарифмически нормального распределения размера частиц составляет от 19 до 23,5. Способ получения предшественника катализатора включает следующие стадии: осаждают раствор или суспензию, содержащую, по меньшей ...

ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЕ ЭТИЛБЕНЗОЛА С ПОЛУЧЕНИЕМ СТИРОЛА

Изобретение относится к каталитической смеси для катализа, реакторной системе и способу дегидрирования этилбензола с получением стирола. Реакторная система включает реакторную установку, в которой размещается каталитическая смесь, и индукционную катушку с возможностью генерирования переменного магнитного поля внутри реакторной установки при подключении к источнику питания. Каталитическая смесь включает частицы катализатора, находящиеся в тесном контакте с ферромагнитным материалом, причем смесь содержит либо частицы катализатора и ферромагнитные частицы, смешанные и обработанные для предоставления тел каталитической смеси, либо тела каталитических частиц, смешанных с телами ферромагнитного материала, причем наименьший внешний размер тел находится в порядке около 1-2 мм или более, или ферромагнитный материал включает одну или несколько ферромагнитных макроскопических подложек, чувствительных к индукционному нагреву, которые являются ферромагнетиками при температурах вплоть до верхнего предела ...

Способ получения композитных каркасных материалов (варианты)

Изобретение относится к области приготовления широкого круга композитных материалов и может найти широкое применение в производстве катализаторов, носителей, сорбентов и др. Изобретение касается способа получения композитных каркасных материалов, таких как носители, катализаторы и сорбенты, с помощью 3D печати, характеризующегося получением 3D печатного каркаса, состоящего из металлического, металлоподобного материала, включая сплавы, карбиды, бориды различных соединений, любого строения, в диапазоне размеров от 10 мкм до 500 см по одной из основных осей с последующим внесением внутрь полученного каркаса пористого материала с высокой удельной поверхностью, такого как носитель, катализатор или сорбент и закреплением его к материалу каркаса. Изобретение также касается варианта способа получения композитных каркасных материалов, таких как носители, катализаторы и сорбенты, с помощью 3D печати. Технический результат - получение новых материалов известного химического состава, решение промышленных ...

НОСИТЕЛЬ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к носителю катализатора для гидрокрекинга, к способу его получения, а также к каталитической композиции для гидрокрекинга, способу ее получения и применению этой композиции в способе гидрокрекинга. Описан формованный носитель катализатора для гидрокрекинга, который содержит, по меньшей мере, цеолит Y и неорганический тугоплавкий оксид, имеющий мономодальное распределение объема пор (по ртути), в котором, по меньшей мере, 50% от общего объема пор представляют поры, имеющие диаметр в диапазоне от 4 до 50 нм, и в котором объем пор в указанных порах составляет, по меньшей мере, 0,4 мл/г. Описан способ получения носителя и носитель, полученный этим способом, включающим формование смеси, содержащей, по меньшей мере, цеолит Y и тугоплавкий оксид, в котором смесь имеет потери при прокаливании (ППП) в диапазоне от 55 до 75%. Описана каталитическая композиция для гидрокрекинга, которая включает в себя указанный носитель, по меньшей мере, один компонент гидрирующего металла, ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФТАЛЕВОГО АНГИДРИДА

Изобретение относится к применению многослойного катализатора, т.е. катализатора с тремя или более слоями для получения фталевого ангидрида путем парофазного окисления ортоксилола и/или нафталина. Описано применение катализатора для получения фталевого ангидрида путем парофазного окисления ортоксилола и/или нафталина, содержащего по меньшей мере один слой, расположенный со стороны поступления газа, второй слой, расположенный ближе к выходу газа, и третий слой, расположенный еще ближе к выходу или у выхода газа, причем слои катализатора, предпочтительно, все включают активную массу с содержанием TiO2, причем активность первого слоя катализатора выше активности его второго слоя. Также описан способ получения фталевого ангидрида, по которому газообразный поток, содержащий ортоксилол и/или нафталин, а также молекулярный кислород, при повышенной температуре пропускают через вышеописанный трехслойный или многослойный катализатор. Технический эффект - обеспечение повышенной активности при одновременной ...

СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ УСТРОЙСТВА, ИМЕЮЩЕГО ПО МЕНЬШЕЙ МЕРЕ ОДИН ЭЛЕКТРОНАГРЕВАЕМЫЙ СОТОВЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

Изобретение относится к способу эксплуатации устройства, имеющего по меньшей мере один электронагревательный элемент, используемый для обработки отработавших газов (ОГ). Сущность изобретения: способ эксплуатации устройства, имеющего по меньшей мере один электронагреваемый и проточный для отработавших газов первый сотовый элемент с по меньшей мере одной токораспределительной структурой, на которую при включении перед подачей на нее постоянного греющего напряжения (22) для нагрева сотового элемента (2) сначала подают несколько коротких последовательных импульсов (21) напряжения. Также пригодное для осуществления подобного способа устройство. Техническим результатом изобретения является обеспечение эффективной защиты опорных элементов. 2 н. и 5 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

КАТАЛИЗАТОРНАЯ ЗАСЫПКА С ЗАКРУГЛЕННЫМИ НА ВНЕШНИХПОВЕРХНОСТЯХ ТРЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИ НЕАКТИВНЫМИ ФОРМОВАННЫМИ ИЗДЕЛИЯМИ

Изобретение относится к новым катализаторным засыпкам, содержащим физическую смесь каталитически активных и каталитически неактивных формованных изделий, причем каталитически неактивные формованные изделия имеют на внешней поверхности трения закругленные кромки. Технический результат - уменьшение механического износа внутри каталитической загрузки, сохранение низкой потери давления вдоль катализаторной засыпки. 1 з.п. ф-лы.

МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОЕ ФОСФОРОМ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЕ СИТО СО СТРУКТУРОЙ MFI, ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ДЛЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА И КАТАЛИЗАТОР КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЕ ФОСФОРОМ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ СИТА СО СТРУКТУРОЙ MFI, А ТАКЖЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ ДЛЯ ИХ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к модифицированному фосфором молекулярному ситу со структурой MFI. Описаны модифицированное фосфором молекулярное сито со структурой MFI, имеющее значение K, удовлетворяющее условию 70%≤K≤90%, где K=P1/P2×100%, P1 представляет собой измеренное способом XPS массовое содержание фосфора в области с площадью 100 кв.нм и вертикальной глубиной от 0 до 2 нм на любой поверхности кристаллического зерна молекулярного сита, P2 представляет собой измеренное способом EPMA массовое содержание фосфора в области с площадью 100 кв.нм и вертикальной глубиной от 5 до 10 нм на любой поверхности кристаллического зерна молекулярного сита, и способ его получения. Также описаны вспомогательное средство для каталитического крекинга, которое, в расчете на сухую массу вспомогательного средства для каталитического крекинга, содержит 5-75 мас.% указанного модифицированного фосфором молекулярного сита со структурой MFI, 1-40 мас.% связующего вещества и 0-65 мас.% второй глины, способ ...

СПОСОБ РИФОРМИНГА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ВЫСОКОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ

... 1. Катализатор конверсии углеводородов, включающий металл платиновой группы, олово и подложку, имеющий среднюю объемную плотность больше 0,6 г/см и предпочтительно больше 0,65 г/см, в которой объемно-массовое отношение металла платиновой группы к олову менее 0,9 и предпочтительно менее 0,85, где металлом платиновой группы является платина в количестве от 0,01 до 2,0 мас.% в расчете на элемент и где вышеупомянутый катализатор содержит ассоциированное олово в специфических кластерах из олова и металлов платиновой группы в количестве, по меньшей мере, 33 мас.% и эффективное молярное отношение ассоциированного олова к платине в вышеупомянутых кластерах составляет, по меньшей мере, 0,65 по анализу мессбауэровской спектроскопией.2. Катализатор по п.1, где компонентом подложки является связующее, представляющее собой неорганический оксид, выбранный из группы, состоящей из оксида алюминия, оксида магния, диоксида циркония, оксида хрома, оксида титана, оксида бора, оксида тория, фосфата, оксида ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР РЕФОРМИНГА

... 1. Способ реформинга с водяным паром углеводородов, содержащий контакт подаваемого газа в реакторе каталитического частичного окисления (КЧО) или установке для автотермического реформинга, работающих при температурах в интервале 800-1600°C и давлениях 20-100 бар, с катализатором типа яичной скорлупы, состоящим из активного соединения в форме сплава никеля и одного металла из иридия, родия и рутения, на носителе, содержащем оксид алюминия, диоксид циркония, оксид магния, диоксид титана или их сочетания.2. Способ по п.1, в котором катализатор имеет цилиндрическую форму и имеет одно или несколько сквозных отверстий, где расстояние от центра до внешней поверхности катализатора составляет от 10 до 40 мм, высота катализатора составляет от 10 до 40 мм, а диаметр одного или нескольких сквозных отверстий составляет от 3 до 30 мм.3. Способ по п.1, в котором катализатор находится в виде одно или более слоев катализатора с отношением пустота/(внешняя или геометрическая площадь поверхности) равным 1,0 ...

УЛУЧШЕННЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ СЕРОВОДОРОДА

Данное изобретение относится к области селективного окисления серосодержащих соединений, в частности сероводорода. Изобретение касается неподвижного слоя катализатора для селективного окисления сероводорода кислородом, причем данный составной слой катализатора содержит слой первого катализатора и слой второго катализатора, где слой первого катализатора включает частицы первого катализатора, которые содержат первый материал носителя, содержащий кремнезем, и первый оксид металла, содержащий FeO, и слой второго катализатора включает частицы второго катализатора, которые содержат второй материал носителя, содержащий кремнезем, и второй оксид металла, содержащий FeO, где указанные частицы первого катализатора имеют более высокую загрузку FeOв расчете на общую массу частиц первого катализатора, чем загрузка FeOдля указанных частиц второго катализатора в расчете на общую массу частиц второго катализатора, при этом указанная загрузка FeOдля частиц второго катализатора составляет менее чем 3% в ...

РЕГЕНЕРАЦИЯ ТИТАНСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ЦЕОЛИТА

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФТАЛЕВОГО АНГИДРИДА

... 1. Применение катализатора для получения фталевого ангидрида путем парофазного окисления ортоксилола и/или нафталина, содержащего по меньшей мере один слой, расположенный со стороны поступления газа, второй слой, расположенный ближе к выходу газа, и третий слой, расположенный еще ближе к выходу или у выхода газа, причем слои катализатора, предпочтительно, все включают активную массу с содержанием TiO2, причем активность первого слоя катализатора выше активности его второго слоя. 2. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что активность катализатора от второго слоя катализатора к его третьему слою возрастает. 3. Применение по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что активность катализатора от третьего слоя к четвертому, а в случае необходимости и далее к его пятому слою возрастает. 4. Применение по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что всего имеется четыре или пять слоев катализатора, в частности четыре. 5. Применение по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что протяженность первого слоя катализатора составляет ...

СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ УСТРОЙСТВА, ИМЕЮЩЕГО ПО МЕНЬШЕЙ МЕРЕ ОДИН ЭЛЕКТРОНАГРЕВАЕМЫЙ СОТОВЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

... 1. Способ эксплуатации устройства, имеющего по меньшей мере один электронагреваемый и проточный для отработавших газов первый сотовый элемент (2) с по меньшей мере одной токораспределительной структурой (4), на которую при включении перед подачей на нее постоянного греющего напряжения (22) для нагрева сотового элемента (2) сначала подают несколько коротких последовательных импульсов (21) напряжения. ! 2. Способ по п.1, при осуществлении которого на токораспределительную структуру перед подачей на нее греющего напряжения (22) подают от трех до десяти импульсов (21) напряжения. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, при осуществлении которого длительность импульсов (21) напряжения составляет от 10 до 100 мс. ! 4. Способ по п.1 или 2, при осуществлении которого уровень импульсов (21) напряжения ниже уровня постоянного греющего напряжения (22). ! 5. Устройство для каталитического превращения содержащихся в отработавших газах (ОГ) вредных веществ в системе выпуска ОГ, имеющее по меньшей мере один первый ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОКИСЛЕНИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ СОЕДИНЕНИЕ СЕРЫ

ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР И СИСТЕМА ВЫПУСКА ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ ДЛЯ ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНОЙ МАССЫ В ВИДЕ СМЕСИ СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО МОЛИБДЕН И ВАНАДИЙ МНОГОЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО ОКСИДА ПО МЕНЬШЕЙ МЕРЕ С ОДНИМ ОКСИДОМ МОЛИБДЕНА

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОБРАБОТКИ ПРОСКОЧИВШЕГО АММИАКА

КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ЖИДКОСТНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ВЫХОДОВ БУТИЛЕНА

НОСИТЕЛЬ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

... 1. Формованный носитель катализатора, который содержит, по меньшей мере, один неорганический тугоплавкий оксид, причем носитель имеет мономодальное распределение размера пор, в котором, по меньшей мере, 50% от общего объема пор представляют поры, имеющие диаметр в диапазоне от 4 до 50 нм, и в котором объем пор в указанных порах составляет, по меньшей мере, 0,4 мл/г, где все измерения выполнены методом ртутной порозиметрии.2. Носитель катализатора по п.1, в котором объем пор в порах с диаметром от 4 до 50 нм, составляет, по меньшей мере, 0,5 мл/г, предпочтительно в диапазоне от 0,5 до 0,8 мл/г.3. Носитель катализатора по п.1 или 2, в котором, по меньшей мере 60%, предпочтительно в диапазоне от 60 до 90% от общего объема пор представляют поры, имеющие диаметр в диапазоне от 4 до 50 нм.4. Носитель катализатора по любому из пп.1 и 2, который содержит аморфный материал из алюмосиликатов или кристаллический алюмосиликатный фожазитный материал.5. Носитель катализатора по любому из пп.1 и 2, который ...

СОТОВЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ, СОСТОЯЩИЙ ИЗ СЛОЕВ С ВЫВЕРНУТЫМИПРОФИЛЬНЫМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ И СЛОЕВ С СОПРЯЖЕННЫМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ

... 1. Сотовый элемент (13), прежде всего носитель каталитического нейтрализатора и/или фильтр, предпочтительно для применения в автомобильной системе выпуска отработавших газов, образованный из попеременно чередующихся преимущественно гладких (10) и по меньшей мере частично профилированных (1) слоев, образующих проточные для текучей среды в основном в осевом направлении (19) потока полости (12), при этом профилированные слои (1) имеют экстремумы (4, 5) своих профильных структур, контактирующие с соседними преимущественно гладкими слоями (10), и расположенные в зоне этих экстремумов (4, 5) профильных структур вывернутые профильные элементы (2), которые выступают в указанные полости (12) и которые имеют в поперечном сечении сотового элемента (13) плоскостью, перпендикулярной направлению (19) потока, примерно инверсную по отношению к экстремумам (4, 5) профильных структур профилированных слоев форму с образованием в результате в зоне расположения вывернутых профильных элементов (2) разрывов ( ...

Verfahren zur Behandlung von Kontakten der Kohlenwasserstoff-synthese aus Kohlenoxydund Wasserstoff nach Fischer-Tropsch

Wabenkörper aus Lagen mit Umstülpungen und Lagen mit Gegenstrukturen

Die Erfindung betrifft einen aus abwechselnden im wesentlichen glatten (10) und zumindest teilweise strukturierten (1) Lagen gebildeten Wabenkörper (13), insbesondere Katalysator-Trägerkörper und/oder Filter, vorzugsweise für das Abgassystem eines Automobils, wobei die Lagen (1, 10) für ein Fluid im Wesentlichen in einer axialen Strömungsrichtung (19) durchlässige Hohlräume (12) bilden, wobei die strukturierten Lagen (1) Strukturextrema (4, 5) aufweisen, die mit benachbarten im Wesentlichen glatten Lagen (10) in Kontakt sind, und wobei die strukturierten Lagen (1) im Bereich ihrer Strukturextrema (4, 5) Umstülpungen (2) aufweisen, die in die Hohlräume (12) hineinragen und in einem zur Strömungsrichtung (19) senkrechten Querschnitt durch den Wabenkörper (13) eine zu den Strukturextrema (4, 5) etwa inverse Form aufweisen, so dass im Bereich der Umstülpungen (2) Unterbrechungen (22) in den Strukturextrema (4, 5) entstehen. Erfindungsgemäß sind im Bereich der Umstülpungen (2) und/oder der Strukturextrema ...

In Zonen aufgeteilter katalysierter Substratmonolith

Beschrieben wird ein in Zonen aufgeteilter katalysierter Substratmonolith, der eine erste Zone und eine zweite Zone umfasst, wobei die erste Zone und die zweite Zone axial in Reihe angeordnet sind, wobei die erste Zone ein auf einen Träger geladenes Platingruppenmetall und ein erstes Oxid eines unedlen Metalls, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Eisenoxid, Manganoxid, Kupferoxid, Zinkoxid, Nickeloxid und Gemischen hiervon besteht, oder ein erstes unedles Metall, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Eisen, Mangan, Kupfer, Zink, Nickel und Gemischen hiervon besteht, das auf ein anorganisches Oxid geladen ist, umfasst und die zweite Zone auf einen Zeolith geladenes Kupfer oder Eisen und ein zweites Oxid eines unedlen Metalls, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Eisenoxid, Manganoxid, Kupferoxid, Zinkoxid, Nickeloxid und Gemischen hiervon besteht, oder ein zweites unedles Metall, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Eisen, Mangan, Kupfer, Zink, Nickel und Gemischen ...

WABENKÖRPER AUS LAGEN MIT UMSTÜLPUNGEN UND LAGEN MIT GEGENSTRUKTUREN

HOCHAKTIVER PHOTOKATALYSATOR

vERFAHREN ZUR ENTSTICKUNG UND ENTSCHWEFELUNG VON ABGAS

Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system

Gasoline particulate filter

Ammonia oxidation catalyst

Improvements in Porous Catalytic Coatings

... 1,197,068. Porous catalytic coatings. E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. 28 Aug., 1968 [28 Aug., 1967], No. 41176/68. Heading B1E. A support has a coating adherent thereto of a porous film having a porosity greater than 15% by volume and containing at least 10% by weight of a finely divided oxidation catalyst having a specific surface area of at least 0.1m2g which is stable to a temperature of at least 600‹F and at least 5% by weight of an alkaline silicate selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, lithium silicate, potassium silicate and the silicates of organic bases having basic dissociation constants greater than 10-3, and mixtures thereof. The oxidation catalyst preferably has a specific surface area of at least 10.0m2g. The oxidation catalysts are selected from the oxygen containing compounds of Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, W, Mo, Cu, Zn and the rare earths; elemental Pd, Rh, Ru, Os, Ir and Pt, and mixtures thereof. The porous film may optionally contain ...

Exhaust system for a lean-burn internal combustion engine including SCR catalyst

Treating of catalyst carrier, fischer - trpsch catalysts and method of preparation thereof

Method of preparing oxidation catalyists

Acrylonitrile is prepared from ammonia, propylene and oxygen in a fixed bed reactor containing a Mo, Bi and Si catalyst, the latter having been prepared by forming a homogeneous solution of ammonium molybdate, a bismuth salt, silicic acid sel and a mineral acid, preferably nitric acid, in the absence of phosphonic acid and/or phosphates, and if desired in the presence of one or more compounds of Be, Ca, Sn, Ba, Zn, Cd, Li, Na and/or Ag and drying and calcining the homogeneous acid solution by spraying it on to a hot solid medium of aluminium alicate, corundum, quartz, magnesium aluminate, feldspar and granite. Examples are given. Specification 967,877 is referred to.ALSO:An oxidation catalyst containing Mo, Bi and Si is prepared by forming a homogeneous acid solution of ammonium molybdate, a bismuth salt, silicic acid sol and a mineral acid, preferably HNO3, in the absence of phosphoric acid and/or phosphates but in the presence of, if desired, one or more compounds of Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn ...

Treating of catalyst carrier, fischer - tropsch catalysts and method of preparation thereof

A method for the preparation of a modified catalyst support comprising: (a) treating a bare catalyst support material with an aqueous solution or dispersion of one or more titanium metal sources and one or more carboxylic acids; and (b) drying the treated support, and (c) optionally calcining the treated support. Also provided are catalyst support materials obtainable by the methods, and catalysts prepared from such supports. The method of preparation improves the stability of the modified catalyst support. The catalyst prepared with the treated support are also more active compare with catalyst having a support, which is not prepared according to the method of the application.

Zoned catalysed substrate monolith

Ammonia slip catalyst

Zeolite promoted v/ti/w catalysts

Provided is a catalyst composition for treating exhaust gas comprising a blend of a first component and second component, wherein the first component is an aluminosilicate or ferrosilicate molecular sieve component wherein the molecular sieve is either in H+ form or is ion exchanged with one or more transition metals, and the second component is a vanadium oxide supported on a metal oxide support selected from alumina, titania, zirconia, ceria, silica, and combinations thereof. Also provided are methods, systems, and catalytic articles incorporating or utilizing such catalyst blends.

Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system

An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas from a diesel engine comprising: a first washcoat region comprising platinum, manganese and a first support material; a second washcoat region comprising a platinum group metal and a second support material; and a substrate having an inlet end and an outlet end; wherein the second washcoat region is arranged to contact the exhaust gases at the outlet end of the substrate and after contact of the exhaust gases with first washcoat region. The first washcoat region may be a first washcoat layer and the second washcoat region may be deposited on the first washcoat layer. The support materials may comprise a refractory metal oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, ceria and a mixed or composite oxide of two or more thereof. The refractory metal oxide may be optionally doped with a dopant. An exhaust system, vehicle or apparatus, and method of use comprising the catalyst are also disclosed.

Ammonia slip catalyst

A catalyst article for treating an exhaust gas comprising: a substrate; a first oxidation catalyst layer disposed on and/or within the substrate; a second catalyst layer, which selectively reduces NOx and/or stores NH3, coated or disposed over the first catalyst layer; and a third catalyst layer, which comprises a second oxidation catalyst consisting of supported palladium, coated or disposed upstream of the first and second catalyst layers, and wherein the first and second oxidation catalysts are different formulations. The third layer can be essentially free of ruthenium, rhenium, rhodium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, alkali and alkaline earth metals, and transition metals, except transition metals in the form of a metal oxide particle support for the Pd and the second layer can be essentially free of Ag, Au, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir and Os. The first oxidation catalyst is preferably a supported noble metal and can be Pt or a Pt and Pd mixture supported on metal oxide particles. The ...

Exhaust system for a compression ignition engine having a capture region for volatilised platinum

Improvements in or relating to combustion catalysis

The internal walls, valves and head surfaces of pistons in internal combustion engines are coated with a ceramic catalytic crystalline coating formed by flame spraying a particulate mixture of 30 to substantially 100% (by weight) cerium oxide, 0,01-20% each of neodymium and praesodymium oxides and as optional ingredients one or more of aluminium, lanthanum, scandium, yttrium, thorium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium oxides. Aluminium may be added to the mixture to increase thermal conductivity of the coating; chromium or tungsten carbides may be added to resist abrasion. In practice the compositions may contain also phosphate, sulphate, lime, magnesia, silica and iron oxide as minor ingredients.

Molecular sieve catalyst for treating exhaust gas

Hydrogenation catalyst and method for producing same

Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system

Fischer-tropsch process in a microchannel reactor

Fischer-tropsch process in a microchannel reactor

SELF CLEANING LIGHTING DEVICE

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR STEUERUNG VON HETEROGENEN UMSETZUNGEN

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR THE ENTERPRISE OF A DEVICE EXHIBITING AT LEAST AN ELECTRICALLY HEATABLE ONE HONEYCOMB BODY

ARTICLE FOR REMOVING FROM CARBON MONOXIDE

PROCEDURE FOR THE NITROGEN REMOVAL AND DESULPHURISATION OF EXHAUST GAS

Bulk hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a group VIII metal and molybdenum, preparation and use thereof

Catalyst compositions comprising molecular sieves, their preparation and use in conversion processes

Photocatalytic compositions comprising titanium dioxide and anti-photogreying additives

The present disclosure relates to a photocatalytic composition comprising photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles being dispersed in a continuous phase, and at least one anti- photogreying additive, wherein said at least one anti-photogreying additive is adapted to limit photogreying of said titanium dioxide particles while the photocatalytic activity of said titanium dioxide particles is maintained, and wherein the photo greying index (∆L) of said composition is less than 6.

Methods for producing coating powders catalysts and drier water-borne coatings by spraying compositions with compressed fluids

ELECTRONIC CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS DOPED BY HETEROPOLYANIONS, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR USE IN CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS

DESCRIPTIVE The invention relates to an electronic conductive polymer doped by the anions of a heteropolyacid of formula: Hn(XMyVy,Oz) in which n, y, y' and z are such that 2?n?6, 6?y?18, 0?y'?12, 24?z?70 and 6?y+y'?18, X being an element such as P or Si and M is Mo or W. These polymers can be prepared by chemical or electrochemical oxidation from a solution containing the heteropolyacid and the monomer able to form an electronic conductive polymer by oxidation, e.g. pyrrole, thiophene, aniline, paraphenylene diamine, acetylene, benzene and their substituted derivatives. The doped electronic conductive polymer makes it possible to reduce the protons of a solution as is shown by curve (1) of the attached Fig. 2. (Fig. 2) ...

PROTECTIVE COATING FOR BETA-SPODUMENE REGENERATORS

SIDE STREAM MONITORING

COBALT-CONTAINING FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYSTS, METHODS OF MAKING, AND METHODS OF CONDUCTING FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

Catalyst compositions, methods of making catalysts, and methods of conducting Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactions are described. It has been discovered that a combination of large crystallite size and high porosity results in catalysts and FT catalyst systems with high stability and low methane selectivity.

CATALYSTS

The invention relates to improvements in the design of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts comprising a support and cobalt on the support.

ATTRITION RESISTANT CATALYST SUPPORT

Alpha-alumina particles having a combination of low attrition, thermal stability and fluidizability are disclosed. The alpha-alumina particles are characterized by being devoid of crystalline grain boundaries. The particles are useful as support or carriers for a wide variety of catalysts, especially as catalyst carriers in high temperature catalytic processes.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung von Gasreaktionen.

Tabakrauchfilter

Keramisches Überzugsmaterial und seine Verwendung zur Herstellung keramischer, katalytisch wirkender, kristalliner Überzüge

Verfahren zur Herstellung von katalytisch wirksamen Überzügen an Reaktionsräumen

Dispositif pour éliminer l'oxygène résiduel par réaction catalytique avec de l'hydrogène dans un récipient et procédé pour sa fabrication

Produit destiné à être introduit dans les emballages de denrées alimentaires

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydationskatalysatoren

PROCEDE DE CATALYSE D'UNE REACTION CHIMIQUE ET DISPOSITIF POUR SA MISE EN OEUVRE.

Coating for mild steel panels used in ovens

The coating has a porosity >15% by volume and contains 40-80% by wt of oxidation catalyst; at least 10% by wt of alkaline (Na or K) silicate and a filler such as silica, zinc silicate or zinc aluminate. The oxidation catalyst is selected from the oxo- cmpds. of Zr, T1, V, Cr, Mn, Fe or Ni. The oxidation catalyst has a specific surface area of at least 10.0 m2/g.

Flat, flexible laminated body for treating a liquid or gaseous medium

In a flat, flexible laminated body, fine-grained or fibrous active substance particles (1) are enclosed between a plastic film (2) and a fibre-containing cover layer (4) which are held together by means of holding fibres (6) which are densely distributed over the entire surface and are anchored simultaneously in the cover layer (4) and in the plastic film (2), so that the active substance particles (1) are at the same time also immobilised. The holding fibres (6) are removed by means of fibre-orienting needles of the cover layer (4) and are held elastically, for example, in the penetrations produced in the plastic film (2) by the needling. The active substances serve for treating a liquid or gaseous medium circulating between the laminated body and the surroundings. The treatment comprises, for example, a sorption of substances, for example with subsequent desorption for the purpose of regenerating the active substances, an emission of substances, an ion exchange or a catalysis of chemical ...

Sheet-like, flexible sandwich structure for treating gases or liquids, and use thereof

Finely granular or fibrous solid active-compound particles (1) are immobilised in the form of a sheet-like, flexible sandwich structure. The active compounds are used for treating a liquid or gaseous medium which circulates between the sandwich structure and its environment. The treatment comprises, inter alia, the sorption of substances, followed, if required, by desorption for the purpose of regenerating the active compounds, the emission of substances, ion exchange and catalysis of chemical reactions. The active-compound particles (1) are enclosed between a substrate layer (2, 3) and a fibre-containing covering layer (4), and the two layers are held together by means of retaining fibres (6) which are densely distributed over the whole area and are anchored simultaneously in both layers, the active-compound particles (1) thus being immobilised at the same time. ...

Diesel motor catalyst filter - has channels with electric heating to give reaction temp. for catalyst action

The filter to clean gases, by afterburning, has channels passing through with electrically conductive walls to give at least a partial catalyst action at reaction temps. on the gas flowing through. At least a number of the channels are connected so that there is a flow through from front to back, and the channels are coated with a catalyst material. The filter is a ceramic foam or honeycomb structure which is generally electrically conductive, or the channel walls are conductive. The pref. filter materials are of ceramics, especially SiC and/or metal oxides e.g. Al2O3 or ZrO2, or the filter is generally a ceramic or glass structure. ADVANTAGE - Designed partic. for diesel motor assemblies, the filter unit is easily heated to the required temp. without harmful emissions.

NEW METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF IVABRADINE AND ITS PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE ACID - ADDITIVE SALTS

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF IVABRADINE AND ADDITION SALTS THEREOF WITH A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE ACID

Improvements brought to the preparation of catalysts

PROCEEDED OF CHARACTERIZATION BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION OF CATALYSTS FUNCTIONING UNDER REACTIONAL ATMOSPHERES UNDER PRESSURE AND HAS HIGH TEMPERATURE AND ADEQUATE APPARATUS.

CATALYSTS Of HYDROCARBON HYDRO-TREATING AND APPLICATIONS OF THESE CATALYSTS

PROCEDE POUR APPLIQUER UNE MATIERE HYDROFUGE SUR DES PARTICULES DE CARBONE, ET PRODUIT AINSI OBTENU

Procédé pour appliquer une matière hydrofuge sur des particules de carbone, et produit ainsi obtenu. On prépare des particules de carbone tamisées entre les mailles normalisées (<< mesh >>) numéro 2 et numéro 30, et une émulsion de polytétrafluoréthylène correspondant à un dosage pondéral de 0,6 % à 20 % de PIFE par rapport au poids des particules. On mélange l'émulsion avec les particules, à raison d'environ 100cm**3 de liquide au maximum, pour 100 grammes de carbone. On chauffe le mélange, pour éliminer l'eau et faire déposer le FTFE sur les particules. La proportion de liquide étant inférieure au taux de saturation des particules, on obtient un dépôt irrégulier et diversifié. Application à la production de particules irrégulièrement hydrofugées, pour améliorer le rendement des réactions catalytiques utilisant de telles particules.

PROTECTIVE COATING ON CERTAIN CERAMIC ARTICLES

Catalyst chamber for gas treatment - catalyst deposition process gives economical use and large specific surface

FIXED BED REFORMING PROCESS USING A CATALYST OF PARTICULAR SHAPE

BODY LAMINATES FLEXIBLE AND FLEXIBLE DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GAS OR LIQUIDS AND PROCESS FOR SA MANUFACTURE AND ITS USE

NICKEL CONTAINING MIXED METAL-OXIDE/CARBON BULK HYDROPROCESSING CATALYSTS AND THEIR APPLICATION

Self-cleaning lighting device

The invention relates to a self-cleaning lighting device comprising a light source and a wall, which permits a portion of at least the radiation emitted by said source to pass therethrough and which is covered, over a portion of at least one of its two faces, by a photocatalytically active layer. The invention is characterized in that under the weakest illumination conditions, the photocatalytic activity of said layer is high enough for degrading and reducing organic soilings into easily eliminable particles that do not adhere to said layer, and/or for conferring a hydrophilic character to this layer. The invention also relates to a method for producing the aforementioned device, a translucent wall provided for this device, and to the use of the device for lighting tunnels, public lighting, airport runway lighting, indoor lighting or for headlamps or indicator lights of transportation vehicles.

Рrосеss fоr mаking phоtосаtаlуtiс mаtеriаls

А mеthоd оf mаking аmоrphоus mеtаl pеrохidе sоlutiоn inсludеs miхing hуdrоgеn pеrохidе аnd аn аmоrphоus mеtаl hуdrохidе miхturе tо fоrm а hуdrоgеn pеrохidе аnd аmоrphоus mеtаl hуdrохidе miхturе, аnd simultаnеоuslу hеаting аnd аpplуing prеssurе аbоvе аtmоsphеriс prеssurе tо thе hуdrоgеn pеrохidе аnd аmоrphоus mеtаl hуdrохidе miхturе fоr а pеriоd оf timе tо fоrm thе аmоrphоus mеtаl pеrохidе sоlutiоn.

Catalyst and process for abatement of NOx in exhaust gases

Device for removing hydrogen and harmful substances from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen

Molded catalyst and method of catalyst gas reaction

SPHERE-LIKE SUPER-MACROPOROUS MESOPOROUS MATERIAL AND POLYOLEFIN CATALYST CONTAINING SAME

Disclosed are a sphere-like super-macroporous mesoporous material, a polyolefin catalyst, and a preparation method therefor and an olefin polymerization process. A sphere-like super-macroporous material has a two-dimensional hexagonal ordered pore channel structure; a mesoporous material has an average pore size of 10 nm to 15 nm, a specific surface area of 300 m2/g to 400 m2/g, and an average particle size of 1 µm to 3 µm; based on the total mass of the mesoporous material, the mass content of water in the mesoporous material is < 1 ppm; and the mass content of oxygen in the mesoporous material is < 1 ppm. When a polyolefin catalyst prepared with the mesoporous material as a carrier is used for an olefin polymerization reaction, the catalyst has a high catalytic efficiency and a polyolefin product with a narrow molecular weight distribution and a good melt index can be obtained.

БЕНЗИНОВЫЙ ФИЛЬТР ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ

Настоящее изобретение относится к каталитическому монолиту с прочными стенками для использования в системе очистки выхлопов (варианты), системе очистки выхлопов для очистки потока выхлопных газов сгорания, двигателю с принудительным зажиганием, содержащему систему очистки выхлопов, автомобилю, содержащему двигатель, способу изготовления каталитического монолита с проточными стенками и к способу очистки выхлопных газов сгорания двигателя внутреннего сгорания с принудительным зажиганием, содержащих оксиды азота (NO), монооксид углерода (СО), несгоревшее углеводородное топливо (НС) и твердые частицы (РМ). Каталитический монолит с прочными стенками для использования в системе очистки выхлопов (варианты) содержит пористый носитель и тройной катализатор (TWC), при этом TWC распределен по существу по всему пористому носителю, и при этом TWC содержит: (i) оксид алюминия; (ii) один или более металлов платиновой группы; и (iii) аккумулирующий кислород компонент (OSC), при этом OSC содержит оксид ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР СО СТАБИЛЬНЫМ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕМ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ОКСИДА АЗОТА (NO)

Изобретение относится к способу изготовления катализатора окисления для обработки выхлопного газа из двигателя с компрессионным воспламенением, включающему: (А) приготовление пористого покрытия, содержащего композицию катализатора для получения стабильного отношения NОк NО в выхлопной системе двигателя с компрессионным воспламенением, причем данную композицию катализатора получают способом, в котором: (i) готовят первую композицию, содержащую соединение платины (Рt), размещенное на носителе или нанесенное на него, где данное соединение платины представляет собой соль платины и/или оксид платины, а носитель представляет собой тугоплавкий оксид металла; (ii) из данной первой композиции готовят вторую композицию путем восстановления данного соединения платины (Рt) до платины (Рt) восстановителем, причем восстановителем является гидразин; и (iii) нагревают вторую композицию до по меньшей мере 650°С с получением композиции катализатора; и (В) нанесение данного пористого покрытия на подложку.

РЕГЕНЕРАЦИЯ ТИТАНСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ЦЕОЛИТА

Изобретение описывает способ регенерации катализатора, содержащего титансодержащий цеолит в качестве каталитически активного материала, причем указанный катализатор использовался в способе получения оксида олефина, который включает: (i) обеспечение смеси, содержащей органический растворитель, олефин, эпоксидирующий агент и, по меньшей мере, частично растворенную калийсодержащую соль; (ii) воздействие на смесь, обеспеченную на стадии (i), в реакторе посредством условий эпоксидирования в присутствии катализатора с получением смеси, содержащей органический растворитель и оксид олефина, и с получением катализатора, содержащего осажденную на нем калиевую соль; причем указанный способ регенерации включает: (a) отделение смеси, полученной на стадии (ii), от катализатора; (b) промывку катализатора, полученного на стадии (а), с помощью жидкой водной системы, которая содержит менее чем 0,1 вес. % соединений со значением pKa 8 или менее; (c) необязательно сушку катализатора, полученного на стадии ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФОТОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Способ получения раствора аморфного пероксида титана включает смешивание пероксида водорода и смеси аморфного гидроксида титана для получения смеси пероксида водорода и аморфного гидроксида титана, и одновременное нагревание и воздействие давлением, превышающим атмосферное давление, на смесь пероксида водорода и аморфного гидроксида титана в течение периода времени, достаточного для формирования раствора аморфного пероксида титана. При втором варианте выполнения способа получения раствора аморфного пероксида титана в операцию смешивания добавляют увлажняющий агент и полученную смесь обрабатывают при одновременном нагревании и воздействии давлением в течение периода времени, достаточного для формирования раствора аморфного пероксида титана. Технический результат, достигаемый при использовании способа по изобретению, заключается в том, что раствор аморфного пероксида титана получается более гомогенным, и, следовательно, обеспечивается получение лучшего шаблона для пленки или покрытия. 4 н ...

СИСТЕМА СНИЖЕНИЯ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к системе (способ и устройство) снижения токсичности содержащих оксиды азота и углеводороды отработавших газов (ОГ) дизельных двигателей путем добавления аммиака или разлагающегося до него соединения в поток ОГ с последующим его пропусканием над двумя последовательно расположенными катализаторами селективного каталитического восстановления (СКВ-катализаторами). Первый СКВ-катализатор, расположенный с входной стороны, эффективно катализирует компропорционирование оксидов азота аммиаком в интервале температур от 300 до 500°C и содержит оксид вольфрама WOи гомогенный смешанный оксид церия и циркония (Ce, Zr)O, при этом по меньшей мере частично окисляет содержащиеся в ОГ углеводороды. Второй, расположенный с выходной стороны, СКВ-катализатор содержит медьзамещенное цеолитное соединение и эффективно катализирует компропорционирование оксидов азота аммиаком в интервале температур от 150 до 400°C и одновременно накапливает избыточный аммиак. Предлагаемая в изобретении система ...

Каталитический картридж

Каталитический картридж для осуществления гетерогенных каталитических реакций с катализатором на основе стекловолокнистого носителя, состоящий из каталитических элементов, отличающийся тем, что содержит центральный металлический стержень, на котором равномерно по высоте закреплены каталитические элементы, выполненные в виде металлических цилиндрических пружин, на поверхность которых сплошным слоем нанесен катализатор. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 167 220 U1 (51) МПК B01J 8/00 (2006.01) B01J 35/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ТИТУЛЬНЫЙ (21)(22) Заявка: ЛИСТ ОПИСАНИЯ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2016121077/05, 27.05.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 27.05.2016 (45) Опубликовано: 27.12.2016 Бюл. № 36 R U 1 6 7 2 2 0 (57) Формула полезной модели Каталитический картридж для осуществления гетерогенных каталитических реакций с катализатором на основе стекловолокнистого носителя, состоящий из каталитических элементов, отличающийся тем, что содержит центральный металлический стержень, на котором равномерно по высоте закреплены каталитические элементы, выполненные в виде металлических цилиндрических пружин, на поверхность которых сплошным слоем нанесен катализатор. Стр.: 1 U 1 U 1 (54) КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ КАРТРИДЖ 1 6 7 2 2 0 Адрес для переписки: 400005, г. Волгоград, пр. Ленина, 28, отдел интеллектуальной собственности ВолгГТУ (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) (RU) R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 27.05.2016 (72) Автор(ы): Голованчиков Александр Борисович (RU), Зотов Юрий Львович (RU), Шолдан Ирина Александровна (RU), Панов Вячеслав Андреевич (RU), Канубриков Николай Николаевич (RU)

Antistaining sheet

Disclosed is an antistaining sheet including a base material sheet and an antistaining layer formed on the base material sheet. The antistaining layer includes a photocatalyst and a thermoplastic resin to be decomposed by the photocatalyst, and thus has a self-collapsing property. The antistaining layer is stronger in self-collapsing property in the surface portion thereof than in the interior portion.

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

The present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as a design for carbon dioxide capture from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen and the capture of at least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. Through the use of a combination of hydrogen selective membranes and carbon dioxide selective membranes together with a carbon dioxide separation unit it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and improved process efficiency of the hydrogen generation plant.

Air purification system for vehicles

An air purification device for a vehicle comprises an air inlet, an air outlet, and an air conduction volume between the air inlet and the air outlet. At least one reaction surface element is provided in the air conduction volume. At least one light source for ultraviolet light is arranged in the air conduction volume. A surface of the reaction surface element comprises a catalytic material, and the reaction surface element is arranged substantially in the entire air conduction volume or occupies at least 50% of the inner surface of the air purification device.

Metal oxide particle production method and production device

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing metal oxide particles, in which metal oxide particles with high photocatalytic activity is produced, and a production apparatus therefor. The above object can be achieved by using a method for producing metal oxide particles, which includes subjecting a reaction gas containing metal chloride and an oxidizing gas containing no metal chloride in a reaction tube ( 11 ) to preheating, and then subjecting a combined gas composed of the reaction gas and the oxidizing gas to main heating in a main heating region (A) apart from the downstream side of the junction ( 5 b ), wherein the time until the combined gas from the junction ( 5 b ) arrives at the upstream end (A 1 ) of the main heating region (A) is adjusted to be less than 25 milliseconds.

Catalyst Layer Supported On Substrate Hairs Of Metal Oxides

In one embodiment, a catalyst assembly includes a substrate including a substrate base and a number of substrate hairs extending longitudinally from the substrate base, the substrate base including a metal M, the number of substrate hairs including an oxide of the metal M; and a catalyst film contacting at least a portion of the substrate.

Polymeric complex supporter with zero-valent metals and manufacturing method thereof

A zero-valent metal polymeric complex supporter (ZVM-PCS) is disclosed. The PCS possesses porous surface and internal coralloid-like channel structure that can accommodate high amount of iron-containing materials and derivatives thereof. The surface pore size, porosity, hydrophilicitv, and internal coralloid-like channel structure of PCS can be tailored through the manufacturing process, with which PCS can be functioned as a regulator for the releasing of produced hydrogen, and also control the adsorption and reactions toward heavy metals and chlorinated volatile organic compounds in water. The hydrogen released from the ZVM-PCS can be applied to anaerobic bioremediation. Moreover, the ZVM-PCS can be filter materials that can be installed in a column or any storage for water and wastewater treatment, or even in a groundwater cut-off barrier for the cleanup of contamination. While the ZVM-PCS is synthesized as a film without surface openings, it can be used as the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material.

PHOTOCATALYST COMPOSITION OF MATTER

There is described a photocatalyst composition of matter comprising a support material. A surface of the support material configured to comprise: (i) a first catalytic material for catalyzing the conversion of HO to Hand O, and (ii) a second catalytic material catalyzing reaction of hydrogen with a target compound. The photocatalyst composition of matter can be used to treat an aqueous fluid containing a target chemical compound, for example, by a process comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the aqueous fluid with the above-mentioned photocatalyst composition of matter; (ii) contacting the aqueous fluid with radiation during Step (i); (iii) catalyzing the conversion of water in the aqueous fluid to Hand Owith the first catalytic material; and (iv) catalyzing reaction of the target chemical compound in the aqueous fluid with hydrogen from Step (iii) in the presence of the second catalytic material to produce a modified chemical compound. 1. A photocatalyst composition of matter comprising a support material , a surface of the support material configured to comprise: (i) a first catalytic material for catalyzing the conversion of HO to Hand O , and (ii) a second catalytic material catalyzing reaction of hydrogen with a target compound.2. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the second catalytic material catalyzes reaction of hydrogen with a target organic compound.37-. (canceled)8. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a particulate support material.9. (canceled)10. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a transition metal oxide having a band gap in the range of from about 1.23 to about 6.7 eV.1112-. (canceled)13. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a non-photocatalytically active material.1418-. (canceled)19. The photocatalyst composition of matter ...

Device for making carbon nanotube film

A device for making a carbon nanotube film includes a substrate having a surface, and two substantially parallel slits defined on the surface of the substrate. The two substantially parallel slits extend into the substrate from the surface of the substrate. A growing surface is defined by the two substantially parallel slits and located between the two substantially parallel slits.

Method for producing catalyst composition, catalyst composition, diesel particulate filter using the same, and exhaust gas purification system

Provided is a catalyst having the ability to combust PM at relatively low temperatures and having high HC and CO removal (conversion) efficiency even at the above operating temperature. In the catalyst composition, at least one kind of platinum group element selected from Pt, Rh, and Pd is dispersed in and supported by a platinum group-supporting carrier containing at least one kind of element selected from Zr, Al, Y, Si, Bi, Pr, and Tb, and the platinum group-supporting carrier is supported on the surface of a Ce oxide containing Ce as an essential component. The catalyst composition has both PM combustion activity and gas purification activity.

TUNGSTEN OXIDE PHOTOCATALYST AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a method for producing a tungsten oxide photocatalyst having titanium oxide and copper ion supported thereon, comprising dissolving urea in a solution in which copper-ion supporting tungsten oxide particles are uniformly dispersed in a titanium oxide sol, thermally decomposing the urea to thereby allow the titanium oxide to precipitate on the surface of copper ion-supporting tungsten oxide and to be supported thereon; and a tungsten oxide photocatalyst modified by both titanium oxide and copper ion obtained by the method, wherein the rate of change of diffuse reflectivity (at wavelength of 700 nm) is less than 3% before and after the irradiation of ultraviolet and the titanium oxide is supported on the tungsten oxide in an island shape of 1 to 100 nm in size. 1. A method for producing a tungsten oxide photocatalyst having titanium oxide and copper ion supported thereon , comprising dissolving urea in a solution in which copper-ion supporting tungsten oxide particles are uniformly dispersed in a titanium oxide sol , thermally decomposing the urea to thereby allow the titanium oxide to precipitate on the surface of copper ion-supporting tungsten oxide and to be supported thereon.2. The method for producing a tungsten oxide photocatalyst having titanium oxide and copper ion supported thereon as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the thermal decomposition of urea is performed at 60 to 95° C.3. The method for producing a tungsten oxide photocatalyst having titanium oxide and copper ion supported thereon as claimed in claim 1 , wherein urea is added in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of the copper ion-supporting tungsten oxide particles.4. The method for producing a tungsten oxide photocatalyst having titanium oxide and copper ion supported thereon as described in claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide sol is a water dispersed titanium oxide sol produced by mixing an aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride and hot water ...

Nano Mixed Metal Oxide Thin Film Photocatalyst Consisting Of Titanium, Indium and Tin

The present invention relates to a novel photocatalyst comprising Nano mixed metal oxides of titanium, Indium and tin as a thin film with nano sized grains, method of its preparation and applications. The photocatalyst disclosed herein can be used in oxygenation of human/mammalian blood along with all other applications of photocatalysts. A photocatalytic oxygenator for the oxygenation derives oxygen from the water content of mammalian blood. The photocatalyst disclosed herein can also be used for effluent treatments along with all other applications associated with photocatalysts. 1. A photocatalyst comprising mixed metal oxides of titanium , Indium and tin as a thin film with nano sized grains.214-. (canceled)15. The photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the atomic percentage of constituents are about 3.58-4.80 Indium claim 1 , about 0.29-0.32 Tin claim 1 , and about 0.62-0.72 Titanium claim 1 , as measured by EDX measurements on the thin films claim 1 , along with oxygen.16. The photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst consists of tin doped indium oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO)17. The photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the photo energy required is any single or a range of wavelengths in the spectrum of 255 nm-1100 nm.18. A method making a photocatalyst consisting of a Titanium claim 1 , Indium and Tin mixed metal oxide thin film with nano sized grains comprising depositing the metal oxides by DC magnetron sputtering on a substrate followed by annealing.19. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the substrate is quartz claim 18 , synthetic silicon dioxide claim 18 , soda lime glass claim 18 , poly-carbonates claim 18 , poly imides or a polymer.20. The method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the substrate is quartz or synthetic silicon dioxide.21. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the depositing of the metal oxides is performed at a temperature in the range of 300K to 400 K.22. The method as claimed ...

SOLAR-ACTIVATED PHOTOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF FLUIDS

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a solar-activated photochemical fluid treatment system, some of which comprise a fluid vessel, a porous enclosure positioned inside of the fluid vessel, a porous enclosure positioned inside of the fluid vessel, a fiber substrate contained within the enclosure, and a semiconductor photocatalyst coupled to the fiber substrate. The fluid vessel can be configured to contain a fluid in contact with the photocatalyst such that the fluid treatment system, responsive to solar radiation applied to the photocatalyst and to the fluid in the vessel, induces photochemical modification of contaminants and living organisms in the fluid. Related methods are also disclosed. 1. A solar-activated photochemical fluid treatment system comprising:a fluid vessel having at least one opening and comprising an at least partially sunlight transmissive portion;at least one enclosure positioned inside of the fluid vessel, the enclosure comprising material that allows fluid and sunlight to pass into the enclosure;an at least partially sunlight-transmissive fiber substrate contained within the at least one enclosure; anda semiconductor photocatalyst coupled to the fiber substrate;wherein the fluid vessel is configured to contain a fluid such that, responsive to solar radiation passing through the at least partially sunlight transmissive portion of the fluid vessel and into the at least one enclosure and to the semiconductor photocatalyst, photochemical modification of contaminants and living organisms in the fluid occurs.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one enclosure comprises a porous bag that contains the fiber substrate and the photocatalyst and allows the fluid and solar radiation to pass into the porous bag.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one enclosure is not ...

NOVEL MIXED OXIDE MATERIALS FOR THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN EXHAUST GASES

The invention relates to the use of mixed oxides made of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide as catalytically active materials for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia or a compound that can decompose to form ammonia in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines in motor vehicles that are predominantly leanly operated, and to compositions or catalysts which contain said mixed oxides in combination with zeolite compounds and/or zeolite-like compounds and are suitable for the denitrogenation of lean motor vehicle exhaust gases in all essential operating states. 1. A process for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides , comprising reducing nitrogen oxides with a catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide , niobium oxide , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed oxide is present in a catalytically active coating applied to a catalytically inert support body which together with the coating forms a catalyst.4. A catalytically active composition comprising (i) a mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide and (ii) a zeolite compound and/or a zeolite-like compound containing exchangeable cations selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , NH claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag and mixtures thereof.5. A catalyst comprising (i) a mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide and (ii) a zeolite compound and/or a zeolite-like compound containing exchangeable cations selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , NH claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag and mixtures thereof.6. The catalyst as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the zeolite compound and/or the zeolite-like compound is selected from the group ...

ADDITIVE FOR HYDROCONVERSION PROCESS AND METHOD FOR MAKING AND USING SAME

An additive for hydroconversion processes includes a solid organic material having a particle size of between about 0.1 and about 2,000 μm, a bulk density of between about 500 and about 2,000 kg/m3, a skeletal density of between about 1,000 and about 2,000 kg/m3 and a humidity of between 0 and about 5 wt %. Methods for preparation and use of the additive are also provided. By the use of the additive of the present invention, the hydroconversion process can be performed at high conversion level. 130-. (canceled)31. An additive for hydroconversion processes , comprising a solid organic material having a particle size of between about 0.1 and about 2 ,000 μm , a bulk density of between about 500 and about 2 ,000 kg/m , a skeletal density of between about 1 ,000 and about 2 ,000 kg/mand a humidity of between 0 and about 5 wt %.321. The additive of claim , wherein the particle size is between about 20 and about 1 ,000 μm. The invention relates to an additive used in catalytic processes for hydroconversion.Hydroconversion processes in general are known, and one example of such a process is that disclosed in co-pending and commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/113,305, filed May 1, 2008. In the process disclosed therein, catalysts are provided in aqueous or other solutions, one or more emulsions of the catalyst (aqueous solution) in oil are prepared in advance and the emulsions are then mixed with the feedstock, with the mixture being exposed to hydroconversion conditions.The disclosed process is generally effective at the desired conversion. It is noted, however, that the catalysts used are potentially expensive. It would be beneficial to find a way to recover this catalyst for re-use.In addition, foaming and the like in hydroconversion reactors can create numerous undesirable consequences, and it would be desirable to provide a solution to such problems.Hydroconversion processes in general for heavy residues, with high metal, sulfur and asphaltene contents, ...

CATALYST FOR REMOVING NITROGEN OXIDES FROM THE EXHAUST GAS OF DIESEL ENGINES

The invention relates to a catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines, and to a process for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of diesel engines. The catalyst consists of a support body of length L and of a catalytically active coating which in turn may be formed from one or more material zones. The material zones comprise a copper-containing zeolite or a zeolite-like compound. The materials used include chabazite, SAPO-34, ALPO-34 and zeolite β. In addition, the material zones comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium/aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof. Noble metal may optionally also be present in the catalyst. 1. A catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines , comprised of a support body of length L and of a catalytically active coating composed of one or more material zones comprising:a zeolite or a zeolite-like compound containing 1-10% by weight of copper, based on the total weight of the zeolite or of the zeolite-like compound, the zeolite or the zeolite-like compound being selected from the group consisting of chabazite, SAPO-34, ALPO-34 and zeolite β; andat least one compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium/aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 ,whereinthe zeolite or the zeolite-like compound has an average mean pore size less than 4 Angstrom and is selected from the group consisting of chabazite, SAPO-34 and ...

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF IVABRADINE AND ADDITION SALTS THEREOF WITH A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE ACID

Process for the synthesis of ivabradine of formula (I): 9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of catalyst used in the reductive amination reaction is from 1 mol % to 10 mol % relative to the aldehyde.10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of trimethylamine N-oxide used in the reductive amination reaction is from 0 to 3 equivalents relative to the catalyst.11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the amount of trimethylamine N-oxide used in the reductive amination reaction is from 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents relative to the catalyst.12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dihydrogen pressure in the reductive amination reaction is from 1 to 10 bars.13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent in the reductive amination reaction is an alcohol.14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the solvent in the reductive amination reaction is ethanol.15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the reductive amination reaction is from 50 to 100° C. The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of ivabradine of formula (I):or 3-{3-[{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]-propyl}-7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-3-benzazepin-2-one, addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, and hydrates thereof.Ivabradine, and its addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, and more especially its hydrochloride, have very valuable pharmacological and therapeutic properties, especially bradycardic properties, making those compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of various clinical situations of myocardial ischaemia such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarct and associated rhythm disturbances, and also in various pathologies involving rhythm disturbances, especially supraventricular rhythm disturbances, and in heart failure.The preparation and therapeutic use of ivabradine and its addition salts with a ...

Photoactive Material Comprising Nanoparticles of at Least Two Photoactive Constituents

A photoactive material including nanoparticles of photoactive first and second constituents. The first and second constituents have respective conduction band energies, valence band energies and electronic band gap energies to enable photon-driven generation and separation of charge carriers in each of the first and second constituents by absorption of light in the solar spectrum. The first and second constituents are provided in an alternating layered arrangement of respective first and second layers or are mixed together in a single layer. The nanoparticles have diameters smaller than wavelengths of light in the solar spectrum, to provide optical transparency for absorption of light. The charge carriers, upon photoactivation, are able to participate in redox reactions occurring in the photoactive material. The photoactive material may enable redox reactions of carbon dioxide with at least one of hydrogen and water to produce a fuel. 1. A photoactive material comprising:nanoparticles of at least one first photoactive constituent; andnanoparticles of at least one second photoactive constituent;the at least one first and second constituents each being selected to have respective conduction band energies, valence band energies and electronic band gap energies, to enable photon-driven generation and separation of charge carriers in each of the at least one first and second constituents by absorption of light in the solar spectrum;the nanoparticles of each of the at least one first and second constituents being mixed together to form a layer;the nanoparticles of each of the at least one first and second constituents having diameters smaller than wavelengths of light in the solar spectrum, to provide optical transparency for absorption of light; andwherein the charge carriers, upon photoactivation, are able to participate in redox reactions occurring in the photoactive material.2. A photoactive material comprising:nanoparticles of at least one first photoactive ...

PHOTOCATALYST WITH ENHANCED STABILITY FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND OXIDATIVE REACTIONS

A Ti0-based photocatalyst is fabricated as a composite of titania with adhered nanostructures which contain a non-noble metal in galvanic contact with a noble metal. The catalyst effectively overcome aging and/or deactivation effects observed in a system free of the non-noble metal. The composite material showed a corrosion protective effect on the photoactivity of fresh catalyst for over 180-240 days, and it enhanced the rate of the water reduction reaction relative to bare Ti0. Variations in porosity and non-noble metal content of the alloy portion of the nanostructures influenced the performance of the catalyst composite. The protective effect of the non-noble metal is through a cathodic corrosion protection mechanism. 1. A photocatalyst comprising a TiOmaterial in surface contact with a plurality of nanostructures , the nanostructures comprising a noble metal in galvanic contact with a non-noble metal , wherein the noble metal is in galvanic contact with said TiOmaterial and acts as an electron trap during a photocatalytic redox reaction , and wherein the non-noble metal maintains the noble metal in a reduced state.2. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is selected from the group consisting of Au claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the non-noble metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is Au and the non-noble metal is Fe.5. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures are in the form of nanowires claim 1 , nanoparticles claim 1 , nanoclusters claim 1 , or nanocrystals.6. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the TiOmaterial comprises TiOin the crystalline anatase or rutile form.7. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the TiOmaterial comprises TiOparticles deposited onto a substrate claim 1 , the substrate comprising indium tin oxide or stainless steel.8. ...

PROCESS TO PREPARE METAL NANOPARTICLES OR METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

The invention is directed to a process to prepare metal nanoparticles or metal oxide nanoparticles by applying a cathodic potential as an alternating current (ac) voltage to a solid starting metal object which solid metal object is in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprising a stabilising cation. The invention is also directed to the use of the nanoparticles as a catalyst. 1. Process to prepare metal nanoparticles or metal oxide nanoparticles by applying a cathodic potential as an alternating current (ac) voltage to a solid starting metal object which solid metal object is in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprising a stabilising cation.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises water.32. Process according to any one of - claims 1 , wherein the metal or metals are chosen from the groups of the Periodic Table of Elements according to IUPAC starting at 3 to and including group 15.4. Process according to claim 3 , wherein the metal is chosen from the group consisting of Y claim 3 , Ti claim 3 , V claim 3 , Mn claim 3 , Fe claim 3 , Co claim 3 , Ni claim 3 , Cu claim 3 , Zn claim 3 , Zr claim 3 , Nb claim 3 , Mo claim 3 , Ru claim 3 , Ag claim 3 , Ta claim 3 , W claim 3 , Re claim 3 , Os claim 3 , Ir claim 3 , Pt claim 3 , Au claim 3 , Al claim 3 , Si claim 3 , Ga claim 3 , Ge claim 3 , As claim 3 , In claim 3 , Sn claim 3 , Sb claim 3 , Te claim 3 , Tl claim 3 , Pb and Bi.54. Process according to any one of - claims 1 , wherein the solid starting metal is an alloy of two or more metals.6. Process according to claim 5 , wherein the alloy is chosen from the group consisting of PtNi claim 5 , PtIr claim 5 , PtRh claim 5 , PtRu claim 5 , PtCo claim 5 , PtMo claim 5 , PtAu claim 5 , PtAg claim 5 , PtRuMo claim 5 , PtFe claim 5 , AuCu claim 5 , PtCu claim 5 , PtOs claim 5 , PtSn claim 5 , PtBi claim 5 , CuNi claim 5 , CoNi claim 5 , AgCu claim 5 , AgAu claim 5 , NiSn and SnAg claim 5 , SnAgCu.7. Process according to claim 6 , wherein ...

Ultraviolet oxidation device, ultrapure water production device using same, ultraviolet oxidation method, and ultrapure water production method

Disclosed is an ultraviolet oxidation device for decompositing organic materials present in water in low energy consumption and low cost, an ultrapure water production device using the same, an ultraviolet oxidation method, and an ultrapure water production method. An ultraviolet oxidation device including: a flow tank 10; photocatalyst fibers 12; an ultraviolet radiating unit 14; and an ultraviolet radiating unit housing unit 16 which is arranged to occupy an entire cross-section of the flow tank intersecting with flowing direction of the water to be processed in the flow tank 10; wherein the ultraviolet radiating unit housing unit 16 is constructed such that the water to he processed flows toward the ultraviolet radiating unit 14 from an upstream side, and after flowing in the housing unit 16, the water to be processed flows out to a downstream side, and is formed of a material that allows the ultraviolet rays from the ultraviolet radiating unit 14 to radiate the photocatalyst fibers 12.

THREE-WAY CATALYST HAVING AN UPSTREAM SINGLE-LAYER CATALYST

Disclosed herein is a layered three-way catalytic system being separated in a front and a rear portion having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Provided is a catalyst composite comprising a single front catalytic layer and two rear catalytic layers in conjunction with a substrate, where the single font layer and the rear bottom layer comprise a Pd component, the rear top layer comprises a Rh component, and the rear bottom layer is substantially free of an oxygen storage component (OSC). 1. A catalyst composite for the purification of exhaust gases of a combustion engine substantially running under stoichiometric conditions comprising in sequence and in order:a front single catalytic layer on a substrate; and{'sup': st', 'nd, 'a rear double layer on a substrate having a 1(lower) catalytic layer and a 2(upper) catalytic layer;'}{'sup': 'nd', 'wherein the 2catalytic layer comprises rhodium as a platinum group metal; and'}{'sup': 'st', 'wherein the front single catalytic layer and the 1catalytic layer comprise palladium as a platinum group metal compound;'}{'sup': 'st', 'wherein the 1catalytic layer is substantially free of an oxygen storage component (OSC); and'}wherein the front single catalytic layer forms a front zone and the rear double layer forms a rear zone where the catalyst composite is a single-brick system or the front single catalytic layer is located in a front brick and the rear double layer is located in a rear brick where the catalyst composite is a multi-brick system.2. The catalyst composite according to claim 1 , wherein the 1catalytic layer comprises less than 1% of an oxygen storage component (OSC) by weight of the layer.3. The catalyst composite according to claim 1 , wherein the PGM content of the layers are as follows:front single catalytic layer—0.01-12.0% by weight of the layer;{'sup': 'st', '1catalytic layer—0.05-6.0% by weight of the layer; and ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MICRO-NANO COMBINED ACTIVE SYSTEMS

The invention relates to a method for producing micro-nano combined active systems in which nanoparticles of a first component are bonded to microparticles of a second component, comprising the following steps: (a) producing a low-ligand colloidal suspension containing nanoparticles of the first component, (b) adding microparticles to the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles or adding the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles to a dispersion containing the microparticles and intensively mixing so that the nanoparticles adsorb onto the microparticles, (c) separating the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto from the liquid and drying the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto. 1. Method for producing micro-nano combined active systems in which nanoparticles of a first component are bonded to microparticles of a second component , comprising the following steps:a. Producing a low-ligand colloidal suspension containing nanoparticles of the first componentb. Adding microparticles to the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles or adding the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles to a dispersion containing the microparticles and intensively mixing, so that the nanoparticles adsorb onto the microparticlesc. Separating the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto from the liquid and drying the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein for production of the colloidal suspension claim 1 , containing low-ligand nanoparticles claim 1 , a substrate claim 1 , containing the first component claim 1 , is ablated by absorption of a laser beam claim 1 , whereby the substrate claim 1 , containing the first component claim 1 , is positioned in a liquid in a way claim 1 , that the vaporized substrate immediately solidifies in the liquid claim 1 , forming a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles.3. Method according to claim 2 , wherein the laser is an ...

Glass having a photocatalytic function

Provided is an inexpensive material having a photocatalytic action. A photocatalyst is obtained by halogenation-treating glass fibers containing silicon dioxide in its components. Fused quartz, soda-lime glass, non-alkali glass, and borosilicate glass may be used for the glass. Hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid may be used for the halogen acid, and hydrofluoric acid is most desirable. The glass can be particulate, fibrous or sheet form material. The glass exhibits a photocatalytic action even with visible light other than ultraviolet light, and also water repellent effect. The glass according to the invention is capable of decomposing organic substances, and therefore, it is used for window glass in buildings or in transportation such as automobiles, when formed in a plate shape, and for a filter in an air intake/exhaust apparatus, when formed in fibrous shape.

Nanonet-Based Hematite Hetero-Nanostructures for Solar Energy Conversions and Methods of Fabricating Same

Nanonet-based hematite hetero-nanostructures () for solar energy conversions and methods of fabricating same are disclosed. In an embodiment, a hetero-nanostructure () includes a plurality of connected and spaced-apart nanobeams () linked together at an about 90° angle, the plurality of nanobeams () including a conductive silicide core having an n-type photo-active hematite shell. In an embodiment, a device () for splitting water to generate hydrogen and oxygen includes a first compartment () having a two-dimensional hetero-nanostructure (), the hetero-nanostructure having a plurality of connected and spaced-apart nanobeams, each nanobeam substantially perpendicular to another nanobeam, the plurality of nanobeams including an n-type photoactive hematite shell having a conductive core; and a second compartment () having a p-type material (), wherein the first compartment () and the second compartment () are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. 1. A hetero-nanostructure comprising a plurality of connected and spaced-apart nanobeams linked together at an about 90° angle , the plurality of nanobeams including a conductive silicide core having an n-type photoactive hematite shell.2. The hetero-nanostructure of wherein the conductive silicide core is a titanium silicide core.3. The hetero-nanostructure of wherein the n-type photoactive hematite shell includes a dopant to absorb visible light.4. The hetero-nanostructure of wherein the plurality of nanobeams are two-dimensional.5. The hetero-nanostructure of wherein the hetero-nanostructure is used as a photoelectrochemical cell.6. The hetero-nanostructure of wherein the hetero-nanostructure is used as a solar cell.7. The hetero-nanostructure of for use in producing hydrogen.8. The hetero-nanostructure of wherein a thickness of the n-type photoactive hematite shell ranges from about 7 nm to about 40 nm.9. The hetero-nanostructure of wherein a thickness of the n-type photoactive hematite shell ranges from about 25 nm to ...

Enhanced photo-catalytic cells

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for ionizing air includes a first reflector and a first target. The first reflector receives direct UV energy (from a UV emitter) and reflects it to form reflected UV energy. The first target has an inner face that also receives direct UV energy (from the UV emitter). The first target also has an outer face that receives the reflected UV energy from the first reflector. The faces of the first target are coated with a photo-catalytic coating. The first target may also have passages between the faces.

AMMONIA OXIDATION CATALYST, EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE USING SAME, AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION METHOD

Ammonia oxidation catalyst being superior in heat resistance and capable of suppressing by-production of NO and leakage of ammonia. The ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX) removes surplus ammonia, in selectively reducing nitrogen oxides by adding urea or ammonia and using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, into exhaust gas, wherein the ammonia oxidation catalyst is made by coating at least two catalyst layers having a catalyst layer (lower layer) including a catalyst supported a noble metal element on a composite oxide (A) having titania and silica as main components, and a catalyst layer (upper layer) including a composite oxide (C) consisting of tungsten oxide, ceria, and zirconia, at the surface of an integral structure-type substrate, wherein a composition of the composite oxide (C) is tungsten oxide: 1 to 50% by weight, ceria: 1 to 60% by weight, and zirconia: 30 to 90% by weight. 1. An ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX) for oxidizing and removing surplus ammonia , in selectively reducing nitrogen oxides by adding urea or ammonia as a reducing agent of the nitrogen oxides and using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst , into exhaust gas discharged from a lean-burn engine ,comprising by coating at least two catalyst layers having a catalyst layer (lower layer) comprising a catalyst supported a noble metal element on an inorganic base material of a composite oxide (A) having titania and silica as main components, and a catalyst layer (upper layer) comprising a composite oxide (C) consisting of tungsten oxide, ceria, and zirconia, at the surface of an integral structure-type substrate, characterized in that a composition of the composite oxide (C) is tungsten oxide: 1 to 50% by weight, ceria: 1 to 60% by weight, and zirconia: 30 to 90% by weight.2. The ammonia oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the composition of the composite oxide (A) is titania: 60 to 99% by weight and silica: 1 to 40% by weight.3. The ammonia ...

PHOTOCATALYST MEMBER

Disclosed is a photocatalyst member including a glaze layer and a photoctalyst layer provided on the glaze layer, the photocatalyst layer is good in layer strength, water resistance, or abrasion resistance. More specifically, the photocatalyst member includes a base having a glaze layer and a photocatalyst layer that is provided on the glaze layer and contains titanium oxide and zirconium titanate, wherein the content of zirconium titanate in the photocatalyst layer is 15 to 75% by mass based on the total content of titanium oxide and zirconium titanate, and the content of zirconium titanate in an area from around an interface between the photocatalyst layer and the base to an median line in the thickness of the photocatalyst layer is larger than the content of zirconium titanate in an area near the external surface of the photocatalyst layer. 1. A photocatalyst member comprising a base , a glaze layer provided on the base , and a photocatalyst layer which is provided on the glaze layer and contains titanium oxide and zirconium titanate , whereinthe content of zirconium titanate in the photocatalyst layer is 15 to 75% by mass based on the total content of titanium oxide and zirconium titanate; andthe content of zirconium titanate in an area from around an interface between the photocatalyst layer and the base to an median line in the thickness of the photocatalyst layer is larger than the content of zirconium titanate in an area near the external surface of the photocatalyst layer.2. The photocatalyst member according to claim 1 , wherein zirconium titanate is not observed on the external surface of the photocatalyst layer.3. The photocatalyst member according to claim 1 , wherein the content of zirconium titanate in the photocatalyst layer is 35 to 65% by mass.4. The photocatalyst member according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the photocatalyst layer is 50 nm to 200 nm.5. The photocatalyst member according to claims 1 , which is a sanitary ware.6. A process ...

OLIGOSACCHARIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THEREOF

Described herein are methods of producing prebiotic compositions that are made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of using such prebiotic compositions in nutritional compositions and methods of producing such oligosaccharide and nutritional compositions. 1. A method of producing a prebiotic composition , comprising: wherein the catalyst comprises acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone, or', 'wherein the catalyst comprises a solid support, acidic moieties attached to the solid support, and ionic moieties attached to the solid support; and, 'combining feed sugar with a catalyst to form a reaction mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises acidic moieties and ionic moieties,'}producing a prebiotic composition from at least a portion of the reaction mixture2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each acidic monomer independently comprises at least one Bronsted-Lowry acid.4. The method of or claim 2 , wherein each ionic monomer independently comprises at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group claim 2 , at least one phosphorous-containing cationic group claim 2 , or a combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a solid support claim 1 , acidic moieties attached to the solid support claim 1 , and ionic moieties attached to the solid support.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the solid support comprises a material claim 5 , wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of carbon claim 5 , silica claim 5 , silica gel claim 5 , alumina claim 5 , magnesia claim 5 , titania claim 5 , zirconia claim 5 , clays claim 5 , magnesium silicate claim 5 , silicon carbide claim 5 , zeolites claim 5 , ceramics claim 5 , and any combinations thereof.7. The method of or claim 5 , wherein each acidic moiety independently has at least one Bronsted-Lowry acid.8. The ...

Catalyst for hydrogenation reaction and method for producing same

The present invention can facilitate the reduction of nickel by using copper as an accelerator when a hydrogenation catalyst including nickel is produced by using a deposition-precipitation (DP) method. According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a catalyst for a hydrogenation reaction that includes 40-80 parts by weight of nickel as a catalyst active component, 0.01-5 parts by weight of copper as an accelerator, and 10-30 parts by weight of a silica support based on 100 parts by weight of the entire catalyst. Therefore, although a high content of nickel is supported, the catalyst has a small crystal size of an activated metal and a high degree of dispersion and provides excellent hydrogenation activity. In addition, silica with a controlled particle size distribution is used as a support, so that the produced catalyst also has a uniform particle size distribution and is suppressed from being smashed at a high-speed rotation in the hydrogenation reaction, thereby providing a high filtration rate.

AMMOXIDATION CATALYST FOR PROPYLENE, MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME CATALYST, AMMOXIDATION METHOD USING THE SAME CATALYST

There are provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene, a manufacturing method of the same, and an ammoxidation method of propylene using the same. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene that not only exhibits high activity to ammoxidation of propylene, but also has high amorphous phase content. 1. An ammoxidation catalyst for propylene comprising metal oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 ,wherein a first peak having intensity of A appears in the 2θrange of 26.3±0.5°, and a second peak having intensity of B appears in the 2θrange of 28.3±0.5° in X ray diffraction analysis by CuKα, and {'br': None, 'sub': x', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'y, 'MoBiFeABCDO\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 1]'}, 'a intensity ratio(AB) of the first peak to the second peak is 1.5 or morein the Chemical Formula 1,A and B are different from each other, and each independently, are one or more elements of Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Mg, Ca, and Ba,C is one or more elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs,D is one or more elements of Cr, W, B, Al, Ca, and V,a to f, x, and y are respectively mole fractions of each atom or atomic group,a is 0.1 to 7, b is 0.1 to 7, provided that the sum of a and b is 0.1 to 7,c is 0.1 to 10, d is 0.01 to 5, e is 0.1 to 10, f is 0 to 10,x is 11 to 14, y is a value determined by each oxidation number of Mo, Bi, Fe, A, B, C, and D.2. The ammoxidation catalyst for propylene according to claim 1 , wherein the intensity ratio(AB) is 3.0 or more.3. The ammoxidation catalyst for propylene according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has BET specific surface area of 50 to 300 m/g.4. The ammoxidation catalyst for propylene according to claim 1 , wherein a pore volume in the catalyst is 0.3 to 1.3 cm/g.5. The ammoxidation catalyst for propylene according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is represented by Chemical Formula 1-1:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'y, 'MoBiFeNiCoKO\ ...

DECARBOXYLATIVE CONJUGATE ADDITIONS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Synthetic methods are described herein operable to efficiently produce a wide variety of molecular species through conjugate additions via decarboxylative mechanisms. For example, methods of functionalization of peptide residues are described, including selective functionalization of peptide C-terminal residues. In one aspect, a method of peptide functionalization comprises providing a reaction mixture including a Michael acceptor and a peptide and coupling the Michael acceptor with the peptide via a mechanism including decarboxylation of a peptide reside. 1. A method of peptide functionalization comprising:providing a reaction mixture including a Michael acceptor and a peptide; andcoupling the Michael acceptor with the peptide via a mechanism including decarboxylation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein coupling of the peptide and the Michael acceptor provides a 1 claim 1 ,4-addition adduct.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises at least three amino acids.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises at least five amino acids.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide is a protein.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein decarboxylation occurs subsequent to formation of a carboxyl radical at a peptide residue.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein carboxyl radical formation is initiated by a single electron transfer (SET) process.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the SET process is oxidative.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the SET process is reductive.11. The method of claim 7 , wherein an α-amino radical is formed by the decarboxylation at the peptide residue.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the α-amino radical undergoes conjugate addition with the Michael acceptor.13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the reaction mixture further comprises catalyst for initiating the SET process.14. The method of wherein the catalyst is transition metal catalyst.15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the catalyst is photoredox catalyst.16. The method of ...

AIR PURIFICATION DEVICE

An air purification unit has a housing which has at least one inlet opening for delivering an air stream and at least one outlet opening for discharging the air stream delivered via the inlet opening. At least one air purification unit and at least one lighting unit are arranged in the housing, wherein the at least one air purification unit and the at least one lighting unit are arranged opposite one another in the housing. The at least one air purification unit has at least one photocatalytically active surface region. The air stream is guided in the housing at least partially along the at least one photocatalytically active surface region of the at least one air purification unit, wherein the surface region is at least partially coated with titanium dioxide or doped with titanium dioxide ions ions. 115-. (canceled)16: Air purification device , comprising a housing having at least one inlet opening for supply of an air flow and at least one outlet opening for discharge of the air flow supplied by way of the inlet opening , wherein at least one air purifying unit and at least one lighting unit are arranged in the housing , wherein the at least one air purifying unit and the at least one lighting unit are arranged opposite one another in the housing , the at least one air purifying unit has at least one photocatalytically active surface region and the air flow is guided in the housing at least partially along the at least one photocatalytically active surface region of the at least one air purifying unit , wherein the at least one photocatalytically active surface region of the at least one air purifying unit can be irradiated with light by the at least one lighting unit and the at least one photocatalytically active surface region is coated at least partly with titanium dioxide or doped with titanium dioxide ions , wherein the at least one air purifying unit comprises two air purifying units arranged opposite one another at the inner walls of the housing , wherein ...

PEROVSKITE WITH AN OVLERLAYER SCR COMPONENT AS AN AMMONIA OXIDATION CATALYST AND A SYSTEM FOR EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL ON DIESEL ENGINES

An ammonia slip control catalyst having a layer containing perovskite and a separate layer containing an SCR catalyst is described. The ammonia slip catalyst can have two stacked layers, with the top overlayer containing an SCR catalyst, and the bottom layer containing a perovskite. The ammonia slip catalyst can alternatively be arranged in sequential layers, with the SCR catalyst being upstream in the flow of exhaust gas relative to the perovskite. A system comprising the ammonia slip catalyst upstream of a PGM-containing ammonia oxidation catalyst and methods of using the system are described. The system allows for high ammonia oxidation with good nitrogen selectivity. Methods of making and using the ammonia slip catalyst to reduce ammonia slip and selectively convert ammonia to Nare described. 1. An ammonia slip catalyst comprising a first layer comprising an SCR catalyst and a second layer comprising a perovskite , wherein the first layer is arranged to contact an exhaust gas before the second layer.2. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is an overlayer located over the second layer.3. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is supported on a first support material and the second layer is supported on a second support material.4. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the SCR catalyst comprises an oxide of a base metal claim 1 , a molecular sieve claim 1 , a metal exchanged molecular sieve or a mixture thereof.5. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the base metal is selected from the group consisting of cerium (Ce) claim 4 , chromium (Cr) claim 4 , cobalt (Co) claim 4 , copper (Cu) claim 4 , iron (Fe) claim 4 , manganese (Mn) claim 4 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 4 , nickel (Ni) claim 4 , tungsten (W) and vanadium (V) claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a metal exchanged molecular sieve and the metal is selected from the group ...

Catalyst for Ethylbenzene Conversion in a Xylene Isomerization Process

The present invention relates to a method for converting a feed mixture comprising an aromatic C8 mixture of xylenes and ethylbenzene in which the para-xylene content of the xylene portion of the feed is less than equilibrium to produce a product mixture of reduced ethylbenzene content and a greater amount of para-xylene, which method comprises contacting the feed mixture at conversion conditions with a first catalyst having activity for the conversion of ethylbenzene, and with a second catalyst having activity for the isomerization of a xylene.

METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF NANO-SIZED BETA ZEOLITES CONTAINING MESOPORES AND USES THEREOF

A method for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feedstock, the method comprising: contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst containing a nano-sized mesoporous zeolite composition under reaction conditions to produce a product stream containing at least 20 weight percent of hydrocarbons with 1-4 carbon atoms, wherein the nano-sized mesoporous zeolite composition is produced by a method that includes: mixing silica, a source of aluminum, and tetraethylammonium hydroxide to form an aluminosilicate fluid gel; drying the aluminosilicate fluid gel to form a dried gel mixture; subjecting the dried gel mixture to hydrothermal treatment to produce a zeolite precursor; adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to the zeolite precursor to form a templated mixture; subjecting the templated mixture to hydrothermal treatment to prepare a CTAB-templated zeolite; washing the CTAB-templated zeolite with distilled water; separating the CTAB-templated zeolite by centrifugation; and drying and calcining the CTAB-templated zeolites to produce a nano-sized mesoporous zeolite composition. 1. A method for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feedstock , the method comprising: mixing silica, a source of aluminum, and tetraethylammonium hydroxide to form an aluminosilicate fluid gel;', 'drying the aluminosilicate fluid gel to form a dried gel mixture;', 'subjecting the dried gel mixture to hydrothermal treatment to produce a zeolite precursor;', 'adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to the zeolite precursor to form a templated mixture;', 'subjecting the templated mixture to hydrothermal treatment to prepare a CTAB-templated zeolite;', 'washing the CTAB-templated zeolite with distilled water;', 'separating the CTAB-templated zeolite by centrifugation; and', 'drying and calcining the CTAB-templated zeolites to produce a nano-sized mesoporous zeolite composition., 'contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst containing a nano-sized mesoporous zeolite composition under reaction ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE

A substrate () includes an inflow-side cell (), an outflow-side cell (), and a porous, gas-permeable partition wall () that separates the inflow-side cell () and the outflow-side cell () from each other, and also includes a first catalyst portion () that is provided on a side of the partition wall () that faces the inflow-side cell () at least at a portion in upstream side in an exhaust gas flow direction, and a second catalyst portion () that is provided on a side of the partition wall that faces the outflow-side cell at least at a portion in downstream side. With respect to a pore volume of pores with a pore size of 10 to 18 μm, when a measured value of the pore volume in the first catalyst portion () and the partition wall () within a region where the first catalyst portion () is provided is defined as a first pore volume, and a measured value of the pore volume in the second catalyst portion () and the partition wall () within a region where the second catalyst portion () is provided is defined as a second pore volume, the first pore volume is greater than the second pore volume. A catalytically active component contained in the first catalyst portion () and a catalytically active component contained in the second catalyst portion () are of different types. 1. An exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising:a substrate; anda catalyst portion provided in the substrate, an inflow-side cell including a space whose inflow-side in an exhaust gas flow direction is open and whose outflow-side is closed;', 'an outflow-side cell including a space whose inflow-side in the exhaust gas flow direction is closed and whose outflow-side is open; and', 'a porous partition wall that separates the inflow-side cell and the outflow-side cell from each other, and, 'the substrate including a first catalyst portion that is provided at least on a portion of a side of the partition wall that faces the inflow-side cell, the portion being located on an upstream side in the flow direction; ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING MESOPOROUS ZEOLITE MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support. 112-. (canceled)13. A multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil produced by a method comprising: the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support has an average pore size of from 2 nanometers to 40 nanometers as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis;', 'the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprises a heteropolyacid; and', 'the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;, 'contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, whereremoving excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; andcalcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support. 110-. (canceled)11. A multifunctional catalyst produced by a method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil , the method comprising:contacting a zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprising a heteropolyacid, where the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; andcalcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.12. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 11 , in which the first metal catalyst comprises molybdenum and the second metal catalyst comprises cobalt.13. The ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support. 110-. (canceled)11. A multifunctional catalyst produced by a method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil , the method comprising:contacting a zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprising a heteropolyacid, where the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; andcalcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.12. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 11 , in which the first metal catalyst comprises molybdenum and the second metal catalyst comprises cobalt.13. The ...

TITANIUM OXIDE DISPERSION LIQUID, TITANIUM OXIDE COATING LIQUID, AND PHOTOCATALYST COATING FILM

Provided is a titanium oxide dispersion liquid that has dispersibility and dispersion stability both at superior levels and, when applied and dried, can form a photocatalyst coating film capable of rapidly developing excellent photocatalytic activity. The titanium oxide dispersion liquid according to the present invention includes titanium oxide particles (A), a dispersing agent (B), and a solvent (C). The titanium oxide particles (A) support a transition metal compound. The dispersing agent (B) includes a poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof. The poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof in the dispersing agent (B) preferably includes a poly(acrylic acid) alkali metal salt. The poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof in the dispersing agent (B) preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of from 1000 to 100000. 1. A titanium oxide dispersion liquid comprising:titanium oxide particles (A) supporting a transition metal compound;a dispersing agent (B) comprising a poly(acrylic acid) or a salt of the poly(acrylic acid); anda solvent (C).2. The titanium oxide dispersion liquid according to claim 1 ,wherein the dispersing agent (B) comprises a poly(acrylic acid) alkali metal salt as the poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof.3. The titanium oxide dispersion liquid according to one of and claim 1 ,wherein the poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof in the dispersing agent (B) has a weight-average molecular weight of from 1000 to 100000.4. The titanium oxide dispersion liquid according to claim 1 ,wherein the titanium oxide particles (A) supporting a transition metal compound comprise titanium oxide particles supporting an iron compound.5. The titanium oxide dispersion liquid according to claim 1 ,wherein the titanium oxide particles (A) supporting a transition metal compound comprise titanium oxide particles supporting the transition metal compound on a plane acting as an oxidation site.6. The titanium oxide dispersion liquid according to claim 1 ,wherein the titanium oxide ...

Metal Oxide Mesocrystal, and Method for Producing Same

Various metal oxide mesocrystals can be synthesized in a simple manner by a method for producing a metal oxide mesocrystal, the method comprising the step of annealing an aqueous precursor solution comprising one or more metal oxide precursors, an ammonium salt, a surfactant, and water at 300 to 600° C. Composite mesocrystals consisting of a plurality of metal oxides or an alloy oxide can also be provided. 1. A method for producing a metal oxide mesocrystal , the method comprising the step of maintaining an aqueous precursor solution comprising one or more metal oxide precursors , an ammonium salt , a surfactant , and water at 300 to 600° C.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal oxide precursors are a metal nitrate and/or a metal fluoride salt.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ammonium salt is NHNO.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants claim 1 , cationic surfactants claim 1 , amphoteric surfactants claim 1 , and nonionic surfactants.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the aqueous precursor solution claim 1 , the ratio of metal oxide precursor to surfactant is 1 to 1000:1 (molar ratio) claim 1 , and the ratio of ammonium salt to surfactant is 1 to 1000:1 (molar ratio).6. (canceled)7. A mesocrystal consisting of at least one member selected from the group consisting of claim 1 , nickel oxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , cobalt oxide claim 1 , zirconium oxide claim 1 , and cerium oxide claim 1 , the mesocrystal having a specific surface area of 0.5 m/g or more and an average width of 0.01 to 1000 μm.8. (canceled)9. A mesocrystal consisting of nanoparticles of two or more metal oxides.10. The mesocrystal according to claim 9 , which has a specific surface area of 0.5 m/g or more.11. (canceled)12. The mesocrystal according to claim 9 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles consist of two or more ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF Ni-CeMgAl2O4 CATALYST FOR DRY REFORMING OF METHANE WITH CARBON DIOXIDE

The present invention provides a process and catalyst system for the production of synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H) from greenhouse gases like methane and carbon di oxide. The process provide a single step selective reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas over Ce—Ni—MgAlOcatalyst prepared by using combination of two methods evaporation induced self-assembly and organic matrix combustion method. These suitably combined methods generate a unique catalyst system with very fine Ni nano clusters evenly dispersed in high surface area support. The process provides both Methane and carbon di oxide conversion more than 90% without any noticeable deactivation till 100 hours between temperature range of 500-800° C. at atmospheric pressure. 1. A process for the preparation of Ni—CeMgAlOcatalyst wherein the said process comprising the steps of;i. dissolving Aluminium isopropoxide in a mixture of ethanol and concentrated nitric acid;ii. preparing a second solution by dissolving Poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (propylene glycol)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) (P123) in mole ration ranging between 0.003-0.004 in ethanol;iii. adding salt of Magnesium and Cerium into the second solution;{'sub': 2', '4, 'iv. mixing solution as prepared in step (i) and step (iii) and stirring for 8-10 hrs at room temp 25° C. for homogenation and kept for drying at 60-80° C. for 48-72 h and calcing at a range 700-900° C. for 6-8 hr and subsequently depositing nickel particles onto it to and further calcining at temperature 400-600° C. 6-8 h to obtain Ni—CeMgAlOcatalyst.'}2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of Ni to Ce—MgAl2O4 of the catalyst is varied in the range 1-10% (Ni:Ce—MgAl2O4).3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of MgO to Al2O3 of the catalyst is varied in the range of 1-5% (MgO:Al2O3).4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of Ce to Al2O3 is in the range of 0.1-5% Ce:Al2O3).5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , ...

Exhaust gas purifying catalyst and exhaust gas purification method using same

A catalyst that is not only capable of efficiently treating CO even at a low exhaust gas temperature, but also capable of exerting favorable CO purification efficiency in a low-temperature exhaust gas even in a case of being exposed for a long time to an engine exhaust gas that is a high temperature and contains HC, CO, NOx, water vapor and the like; and an exhaust gas treatment technique are described. The catalyst for purifying exhaust gas contains: a noble metal; an oxide containing as a base material A at least two kinds of elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zirconium and titanium; and an oxide containing as a base material B at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of silicon, cerium, praseodymium and lanthanum; in which the base material A and the base material B satisfy a specific formula.

Process for Making Alkylated Aromatic Compound

A process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound comprises contacting an aromatic starting material and hydrogen with a plurality of catalyst particles under hydroalkylation conditions to produce an effluent comprising the alkylated aromatic compound, the catalyst comprising a composite of a solid acid, an inorganic oxide different from the solid acid and a hydrogenation metal, wherein the distribution of the hydrogenation metal in at least 60 wt % of the catalyst particles is such that the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the rim portion of a given catalyst particle is Crim, the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the center portion of the given catalyst particle is Ccenter, where 0.2≦Crim/Ccenter<2.0. Also disclosed are hydroalkylation catalyst and process for making phenol and/or cyclohexanone using the catalyst.

Process for Limiting Self Heating of Activated Catalysts

The invention provides a process for limiting self heating of activated particle catalysts wherein the catalyst particles are placed in motion inside a hot gas flow that passes through them and a liquid composition containing one or several film forming polymer(s) is pulverized onto the particles in motion until a protective layer is obtained on the surface of said particles containing said film forming polymer and having an average thickness of less than or equal to 20 μm. The invention also provides the use of this process to reduce the quantities of toxic gases that may be emitted by the activated catalysts, as well as an activated catalyst for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbons covered with a continuous protective layer that are obtained by this process. 1. A process for limiting self heating of activated particle catalysts , in which the catalyst particles are placed in motion within a hot gas flow passing through them , and a liquid composition containing one or more film forming polymer(s) is pulverized onto the moving particles until on the surface of said particles a protective layer containing said film forming polymer is obtained , that has an average thickness lower than or equal to 20 μm.2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the liquid composition is a solution or a dispersion of the film forming polymer(s) in a solvent claim 1 , and contains preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight of film forming polymer claim 1 , more preferably from 0.5 to 25% by weight claim 1 , and even more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight of film forming polymer claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the composition.3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that it is implemented in a perforated drum in which the catalyst particles are put in motion claim 1 , with a hot gas flow passing continuously through said perforated drum.4. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that it is implemented by placing catalyst particles in a ...

Article of Manufacture for Securing a Catalyst Substrate

An aftertreatment component for use in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment component comprises an aftertreatment substrate and a compressible material. The compressible material may be formed from a plastic thermoset, a rubberized material, or a metal foil which permits for the selective expansion of the substrate within the compressible material, while also reducing cost and manufacturing complexity. In various embodiments, the aftertreatment substrate and the compressible materials may be formed separately and coupled to each other, or they may be formed concurrently via coextrusion. 113.-. (canceled)14. A method comprising:passing a heated exhaust stream into a aftertreatment substrate;thermally expanding the aftertreatment substrate into a compressible material defining the aftertreatment substrate; andas a result of thermally expanding the aftertreatment substrate into the compressible material defining the aftertreatment substrate, at least partially compressing corrugations of the compressible material.15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising confining the compressible material within an outer skin defining the compressible material.16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising positioning the aftertreatment substrate within the compressible material claim 14 , and applying a catalyst washcoat to the aftertreatment substrate after the positioning.17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising applying at least a portion of the catalyst washcoat to a substrate side of the compressible material.18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the compressible material is defined in part by an outer skin claim 14 , and wherein the compressible material is at least partially compressed between the outer skin and the aftertreatment substrate.19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the compressible material comprises a polymer-based thermoset.20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the compressible material comprises a thermoplastic material.21. The method ...

Catalytic oxidation method and method for producing conjugated diene

An object of the present invention is to suppress performance deterioration of a molybdenum composite oxide-based catalyst at the time of performing gas-phase catalytic partial oxidation with molecular oxygen by using a tubular reactor. The present invention relates to a catalytic oxidation method using a tubular reactor in which a Mo compound layer containing a Mo compound and a composite oxide catalyst layer containing a Mo composite oxide catalyst are arranged in this order from a reaction raw material supply port side and under a flow of a mixed gas containing 75 vol % of air and 25 vol % of water vapor at 440° C., a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo compound is larger than a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo composite oxide catalyst under the same conditions.

Egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticle-metal oxide support, preparation method thereof, and use thereof

The present invention relates to an egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticles-metal oxide support, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to an egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticles-metal oxide support, providing an excellent platform in a size of nanometers or micrometers which can support nanoparticles selectively in the porous shell portion by employing a metal oxide support with an average diameter of nanometers or micrometers including a core of nonporous metal oxide and a shell of porous metal oxides, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof.

INORGANIC OXIDE MATERIAL

The present teachings are directed to inorganic oxide materials that include AlO, CeO, and at least one of MgO and PrO. The present teachings are also directed to catalysts having at least one noble metal supported on these inorganic oxide materials, as well as methods for treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines using such catalysts. 1. An inorganic oxide material , comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, '(a) from about 25 to about 90 pbw AlO;'}{'sub': '2', '(b) from about 5 to about 35 pbw CeO;'}(c)(i) from about 5 to about 35 pbw MgO, or{'sub': 6', '11, '(c)(ii) from about 2 to about 20 pbw PrO, or'}{'sub': 6', '11, '(c)(iii) from about 5 to about 35 pbw MgO, and from about 2 to about 20 pbw PrO; and'}(d) optionally up to about 10 pbw of a combined amount of oxides of one or more dopants selected from transition metals, rare earths, and mixtures thereof.2. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 40 to about 80 pbw AlOand from about 10 to about 30 pbw CeO.3. (canceled)4. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 10 to about 30 pbw MgO.5. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 5 to about 15 pbw PrO.6. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 10 to about 30 pbw MgO and from about 5 to about 15 pbw PrO.7. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 1 to about 10 pbw of an oxide or a mixture of oxides selected from YO claim 1 , LaO claim 1 , NdOand GdO.8. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 1 to about 4 pbw LaO.9. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises (a) crystallites comprising AlOand at least one oxide selected from MgO and PrO claim 1 , and (b) crystallites comprising CeO.11. The inorganic oxide material of claim 10 , wherein the material comprises from about 40 to about ...

SYNTHESIS OF OXYGEN-MOBILITY ENHANCED CEO2 AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed are catalysts capable of catalyzing the dry reforming of methane. The catalysts have a core-shell structure with the shell surrounding the core. The shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase. An active metal(s) is deposited on the surface of the shell. 1. A catalyst capable of catalyzing a dry reformation of methane reaction , the catalyst comprising a core-shell structure having:a metal oxide core, a clay core, or a zeolite core;a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase; andan active metal deposited on the surface of the shell.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the redox-metal oxide phase is cerium oxide (CeO) and the metal dopant is niobium (Nb) claim 1 , indium (In) claim 1 , or lanthanum (La) claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is an alkaline earth metal aluminate core selected from aluminate claim 2 , magnesium aluminate claim 2 , calcium aluminate claim 2 , strontium aluminate claim 2 , barium aluminate claim 2 , or any combination thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the alkaline earth metal aluminate core is magnesium aluminate.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , comprising:65 wt. % to 85 wt. % magnesium aluminate;10 wt. % to 20 wt. % cerium oxide; and5 wt. % to 10 wt. % nickel.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of niobium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.7. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of indium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.8. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of lanthanum incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.9. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is AlO.10. The ...

Catalyst for ammonia oxidation

The present invention relates to a bimetallic catalyst for ammonia oxidation, a method for producing a bimetallic catalyst for ammonia oxidation and a method for tuning the catalytic activity of a transition metal. By depositing an overlayer of less catalytic active metal onto a more catalytic active metal, the total catalytic activity is enhanced.

Composition for Mineralizing Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide Gases and Uses of Same

The invention relates to a composition for mineralising carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases, which comprises a mixture of magnesium (between 1 and 25%), iron (between 1 and 23%), calcium monoxide (between 1 and 25%), titanium dioxide (between 0.1 and 11%) and silicon dioxide (between 16 and 75%), with a particle diameter between 100 nm and 4000 μm. The composition causes the mineralisation of carbon dioxide (CO) and of the gaseous chemical compounds known as “nitrogen oxides” (NO) in the atmosphere. This composition can be added or mixed as an additive in paints, dyes, resins and elastic polymers (gum and natural rubber) in parts with wear, and for any type of covering. 1. A composition for mineralising gases of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides comprising a mixture of igneous rocks which comprises magnesium (between 1 and 25%) , iron (between 1 and 23%) , calcium monoxide (between 1 and 25%) , titanium dioxide (between 0.1 and 11%) and silicon dioxide (between 16 and 75%) , with a particle diameter between 100 nm and 4000 μm.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising between 0.1 and 2% of titanium dioxide.7. A coating comprising the composition defined in .8. A coating comprising the composition defined in .9. A paint claim 1 , lacquer claim 1 , dye claim 1 , resin claim 1 , natural rubber claim 1 , gum and/or varnish claim 1 , comprising the composition defined in .10. A paint claim 6 , lacquer claim 6 , dye claim 6 , resin claim 6 , natural rubber claim 6 , gum and/or varnish claim 6 , comprising the composition defined in .11. The natural rubber and/or gum according to claim 9 , wherein it is an element subject to wear.12. The natural rubber and/or gum according to claim 11 , wherein said element subject to wear is a tire.13. The paint claim 9 , lacquer claim 9 , dye claim 9 , resin claim 9 , natural rubber claim 9 , gum and/or varnish according to claim 9 , wherein it comprises a percentage by ...

Palladium Catalysts Supported on Carbon for Hydrogenation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Provided is a process for preparing partially or fully hydrogenated hydrocarbons through hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst comprises palladium deposited on carbon with optional acid wash and calcination treatments and with optional additions of silver and/or alkali metals. 1. A chemical catalyst , comprising an acid-washed carbon base and palladium deposited on said carbon base.2. The chemical catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said carbon base is an activated carbon base.3. The chemical catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said carbon base is calcinated before said palladium is deposited thereon.4. The chemical catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percentage of palladium.5. The chemical catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising a metal additive deposited on said carbon base with said palladium.6. The chemical catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the molar ratio of said palladium to said metal additive is in a range of from 1:1 to 12:1.7. The chemical catalyst of claim 5 , wherein said metal additive comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and silver.8. A method of making a chemical catalyst claim 5 , comprising the steps of:(i) dissolving a first precursor in deionized water to form a solution;(ii) depositing said solution onto an acid-washed carbon base; and(iii) drying said carbon base in the presence of static air.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein step (ii) is conducted according to the incipient wetness method.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein said carbon base is an activated carbon base.11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising the step of calcining said carbon base prior to the performance of step (ii).12. The method of claim 11 , wherein no calcination treatment is applied to said carbon base following the performance of step (ii).13. The method of claim 11 , wherein said calcining step involves subjecting said ...

VISIBLE LIGHT-ACTIVATED PHOTOCATALYTIC COATING COMPOSITION AND AIR PURIFICATION FILTER

Disclosed is a visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition comprising a visible light active photocatalytic material and an aqueous solvent. 1. An air purification filter comprising:a porous substrate comprising activated carbon; anda photocatalytic coating layer formed from a visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition on the porous substrate comprising activated carbon,wherein an amount of the activated carbon ranges from 20% to 80% by weight based on an amount of the porous substrate comprising activated carbon, and the visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition comprises a visible light active photocatalytic material,wherein the visible light active photocatalytic material comprises a porous first metal oxide; and a second metal particle supported on the porous first metal oxide, a second metal oxide particle, or both,{'sub': '3', 'wherein the first metal oxide is a tungsten oxide (WO) and a second metal of the second metal particle and the second metal oxide particle is platinum (Pt),'}the visible light active photocatalytic material is formed into particles,the visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition does not comprise an alcohol and a binder material, andthe porous substrate comprising activated carbon is formed by attaching the activated carbon to or impregnating the activated carbon into a material comprising a woven or nonwoven fabric made of an organic fiber or inorganic fiber.2. The air purification filter of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic coating layer is coated on the porous substrate and the activated carbon by immersing the porous substrate and the activated carbon in the visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition.3. The air purification filter of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the visible light active photocatalytic material ranges from 4% to 10% by weight based on an amount of the visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition.4. The air purification ...

TABLETED CATALYST FOR METHANOL SYNTHESIS HAVING INCREASED MECHANICAL STABILITY

The invention relates to an improved catalyst based on a tableted molded catalyst body, containing a metal-containing mixture, containing copper, zinc, and aluminum, with calcium aluminate as a binder material with a weight fraction of calcium aluminate in the range of 1.0% to 30.0%, for synthesizing methanol from synthesis gas. The invention further relates to the production of the catalyst and to the use of the catalyst in the synthesis of methanol from synthesis gas. 1. A shaped catalyst body containing copper , zinc and aluminum , characterized in that the shaped catalyst body is present in tablet form and contains calcium aluminate as binder material with a proportion by weight of calcium aluminate in the range from 1.0% to 30.0% , based on the shaped catalyst body.2. The shaped catalyst body as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the proportion by weight is in the range from 5.0% to 20.0%.3. The shaped catalyst body as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fracture strength is from 2 to 10%.4. The shaped catalyst body as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lateral compressive strength after reduction and dry stabilization is from 40 to 200 N claim 1 , preferably from 40 to 100 N claim 1 , more preferably from 50 to 100 N.5. The shaped catalyst body as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the BET surface area is in the range from 70 to 150 m/ claim 1 , preferably from 75 to 140 m/g and particularly preferably from 80 to 120 m/g.6. The shaped catalyst body as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pore volume claim 1 , measured by means of mercury porosimetry claim 1 , is between 150 mm/g and 400 mm/g claim 1 , preferably between 250 mm/g and 350 mm/g claim 1 , particularly preferably between 300 mm/g and 350 mm/g.7. The shaped catalyst body as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the copper surface area after reduction is between 20 m/g and 50 m/g claim 1 , preferably between 20 m/g and 40 m/g claim 1 , particularly preferably between 25 m/g and 36 m/g.8. The shaped catalyst body as claimed in ...

CATALYST COMBINING PLATINUM GROUP METAL WITH COPPER-ALUMINA SPINEL

An oxidation catalyst composition is provided, the composition including at least one platinum group metal impregnated onto a porous alumina material, wherein the porous alumina material comprises a copper-alumina spinel phase. At least a portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase can be proximal to, or in direct contact with, at least one platinum group metal crystallite, such as a crystallite having a size of about 1 nm or greater. The close proximity of the copper-alumina spinel phase to the platinum group metal crystallite is believed to provide synergistic enhancement of carbon monoxide oxidation. Methods of making and using the catalyst composition are also provided, as well as emission treatment systems comprising a catalyst article coated with the catalyst composition. 1. An oxidation catalyst composition , the composition comprising at least one platinum group metal impregnated onto a porous alumina material , wherein the porous alumina material comprises a copper-alumina spinel phase.2. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is proximal to claim 1 , or in direct contact with claim 1 , at least one platinum group metal crystallite.3. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is proximal to claim 2 , or in direct contact with claim 2 , at least one platinum group metal crystallite having a crystallite size of about 1 nm or greater.4. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 3 , wherein at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is proximal to claim 3 , or in direct contact with claim 3 , at least one platinum group metal crystallite having a crystallite size of about 50 nm or greater.5. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein the at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is within about 50 nm of the at least one platinum group metal crystallite.6. The oxidation catalyst ...

CATALYST FOR PURIFYING COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS

To provide a catalyst for purifying a combustion exhaust gas and a method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas. The denitration catalyst used in a method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas of removing a nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas by making the catalyst into contact with the combustion exhaust gas having an alcohol as a reducing agent added thereto, contains zeolite as a support having supported thereon a catalyst metal, in a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement of the denitration catalyst a ratio (relative peak intensity ratio) r=I/J of a height I of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 7.8 to 10.0° and a height J of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 28.0 to 31.0° being in a range of from 3.0 to 5.0. 1. A denitration catalyst used in a method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas of removing a nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas by making the catalyst into contact with the combustion exhaust gas having an alcohol as a reducing agent added thereto , the denitration catalyst comprising zeolite as a support having supported thereon cobalt (Co) as a catalyst metal , in a powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the denitration catalyst a ratio r=I/J of a height I of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 7.8 to 10.0° and a height J of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 28.0 to 31.0° being in a range of from 3.0 to 5.0.2. The catalyst for purifying a combustion exhaust gas according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite as a support contains zeolite that has been baked in an inert gas atmosphere in advance.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The catalyst for purifying a combustion exhaust gas according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol as a reducing agent is methanol or ethanol.6. A method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas claim 1 , comprising making a combustion exhaust gas having an alcohol as a reducing agent added thereto claim 1 , into contact with a denitration catalyst containing a ...

Visible-Light-Activated Multilayered Photocatalyst And The Method Of Its Preparation

Visible-light-active and photostable, multilayered materials and their preparation method based on surface-modified titanium(IV) oxide have been invented. 1. Preparation method of a visible-light-activated multilayered photocatalyst characterized in that:a) modifies the surface of titanium(IV) oxide in the form of powder or coating by impregnation with a modifier solution, where the modifier is an aromatic organic compound with at least two —OH or —COOH groups or a hexachloroplatinate(IV) ion,b) the protective layer of titanium(IV) oxide is applied on the modified material, where the known ALD or “spin-coating” techniques are used.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it uses crystalline titanium(IV) oxide with a structure of anatase or being a mixture of anatase and rutile structure.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that stage a) is carried out in water or alcohol solution of the modifier of the 10mol/dmminimal concentration and the product of the modification is dried.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the organic is a compound selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid claim 1 , 4-sulfophthalic acid claim 1 , 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid claim 1 , salicylic acid claim 1 , 6-hydroxysalicylic acid claim 1 , 5-hydroxysalicylic acid claim 1 , 5-sulfosalicylic acid claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,5-dinitrosalicylic acid claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid claim 1 , aurintricarboxylic acid claim 1 , disodium salt of 1 claim 1 ,4-dihydroxy-1 claim 1 ,3-benzenodisulfonic acid claim 1 , gallic acid claim 1 , pyrogallol claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,3-naphthalenediol claim 1 , 4-methylcatechol claim 1 ,3-5-di-tert-butyl-catechol claim 1 , p-nitrocatechol claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,4-dihydroxy-1-phenylalanine (DOPA) claim 1 , catechol (Table 2) claim 1 , rutin and ascorbic acid.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that stage b) uses alcoholates claim 1 , preferably titanium( ...

ZINC-BASED NANOHYBRIDS, DEVICES AND METHODS THEREOF

A zinc-based nanohybrid was prepared using a facile wet chemistry process. This nanohybrid has zinc oxide nanostructures connected to zinc phthalocyanine molecules via biologically important ligands. In addition, this nanohybrid has photocatalytic properties and photodegrades water pollutants, such as methyl orange. 1: A zinc-based nanohybrid , comprising:a zinc oxide nanostructure;a zinc phthalocyanine molecule; anda bridging ligand connecting the zinc oxide nanostructure and the zinc phthalocyanine molecule.2: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide nanostructure has at least one morphology selected from the group consisting of a nanoparticle claim 1 , and a nontubular nanorod.3: The zinc oxide nanostructure of claim 2 , wherein the zinc oxide nanostructure is a nontubular nanorod with an average largest diameter of 50-100 nm and a length of 0.3-5 μm.4: The zinc oxide nanostructure of claim 2 , wherein the zinc oxide nanostructure is a nanoparticle with an average diameter of 10-50 nm.6: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the zinc phthalocyanine molecule is of Formula (I) claim 1 , wherein R-Rare each hydrogen.7: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the bridging ligand has two terminal carboxylate groups claim 1 , and through the two carboxylate end groups claim 1 , the bridging ligand forms a first Zn—O linkage with zinc in the zinc oxide nanostructure and a second Zn—O linkage with zinc in the zinc phthalocyanine molecule.9: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the bridging ligand is selected from the group consisting of citrate claim 1 , tartrate claim 1 , an amino acid claim 1 , which is serine claim 1 , cysteine claim 1 , aspartate claim 1 , glutamate or tyrosine claim 1 , and enantiomers thereof.10: A substrate comprising:at least one plate; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the zinc-based nanohybrid of , wherein the zinc-based nanohybrid is coated on a surface of the plate to form a ...

GOLD-BASED CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATIVE ESTERIFICATION OF ALDEHYDES TO OBTAIN CARBOXYLIC ESTERS

Catalysts for oxidative esterification can be used, for example, fro converting (meth)acrolein to methyl (meth)acrylate. The catalysts are especially notable for high mechanical and chemical stability even over very long time periods, including activity and/or selectivity relatively in continuous operation in media having even a small water content. 1. A hydrolysis-resistant catalyst , comprising:a) 0.01 to 10 mol % of gold,b) 40 to 94 mol % of silicon,c) 3 to 40 mol % of aluminium, andd) 2 to 40 mol % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanoids having atomic numbers 57 to 71, Y, Sc, Ti, Zr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Bi,wherein components b) to d) are present as oxides and the stated amounts of components a) to d) relate to 100 mol % of the composition of the catalyst without oxygen,wherein the catalyst is in the form of particles and is suitable for the oxidative esterification of aldehydes to carboxylic esters,wherein the catalyst has a shell structure comprising a core and at least one shell, where at least 80% of the total amount of component a) is part of a shell, andwherein the catalyst has a PZC value between 7 and 11.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , which claim 1 , except for the oxygen claim 1 , consists of components a) to d).3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises between 0.05 and 2 mol % of component a).4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein component a) is in the form of particles having a mean diameter between 2 and 10 nm.5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst particles have an average diameter between 10 and 200 μm and a spherical shape.6. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises between 2 and 30 mol % of Mg claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , La claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Pb and/or Bi as component d).7. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a core and two shells claim 1 , ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION APPARATUS

A exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided with: a substrate having a wall-flow structure and including entry-side cells, exit-side cells, and a porous partition; a first catalyst region formed in small diameter pores having relatively small pore diameters among internal pores in the partition; and a second catalyst region formed in large diameter pores having relatively large pore diameters among the internal pores in the partition. The first catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support, while the second catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support and other than at least the precious metal present in the first catalyst region. 1. An exhaust gas purification apparatus that is disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and that purifies an exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine , the exhaust gas purification apparatus comprising:a substrate having a wall-flow structure and including an entry-side cell in which only an exhaust gas inflow-side end part is open, an exit-side cell residing adjacent to an entry-side cell and in which only an exhaust gas outflow-side end part is open, and a porous partition that divides the entry-side cell from the exit-side cell;a first catalyst region formed in small pores having relatively small pore diameters among internal pores in the partition; anda second catalyst region formed in large pores having relatively large pore diameters among the internal pores in the partition, whereinthe first catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support, andthe second catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support and other than at least the precious metal present in ...

STEAM REFORMING CATALYST AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF

The invention provides a method for the production of a supported nickel catalyst, in which an aqueous mixture comprising an alkali metal salt plus other metal salts is sintered to form a support material. A supported nickel catalyst comprising potassium β-alumina is also provided. 1. A supported nickel catalyst precursor obtained via a method comprising the steps of: i. magnesium mineral or magnesium salt,', 'ii. optionally, a calcium mineral or calcium salt,', 'iii. an aluminium mineral or aluminium salt,', 'iv. an alkali metal salt comprising at least one of Na and K, and', 'v. optionally water;, 'a. providing a mixture comprisingb. extruding said mixture to form an extrudate, said extrudate containing integrated reservoirs of said alkali metal salt, and calcining the extrudate at a temperature from 300-600° C.;c. sintering said calcined extrudate at a temperature in a range of 1100-1400° C. to form a support material;d. impregnating said support material with an aqueous solution comprising a nickel salt to provide the supported nickel catalyst precursor; ande. optionally repeating step d.2. A supported nickel catalyst obtainable via the method recited in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , after each impregnation step d claim 1 , the supported nickel catalyst precursor is decomposed to form a supported nickel catalyst claim 1 , suitably at temperatures between 350-500° C.3. A supported nickel catalyst comprising nickel supported on a support material claim 1 , characterised in that said support material comprises potassium β-alumina or sodium β-alumina claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.4. The supported nickel catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein said support material comprises 8 wt % or more potassium β-alumina claim 3 , as measured by XRD.5. The supported nickel catalyst according to claim 3 , comprising 0.2-2 wt % potassium.6. Use of a supported nickel catalyst according to as a catalyst in a steam reforming process.7. A steam reforming process comprising the steps of: ...

Rh-C3N4 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST FOR PREPARING ACETIC ACID BY CARBONYLATION REACTION

This invention relates to a catalyst for use in the preparation of acetic acid through a methanol carbonylation reaction using carbon monoxide, and particularly to a heterogeneous catalyst represented by Rh/C 3 N 4 configured such that a complex of a rhodium compound and 3-benzoylpyridine is immobilized on a carbon nitride support.

PHOTOCATALYST FILTER, PHOTOCATALYST FILTER LAMINATE, EXHAUST UNIT, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

The present disclosure provides a photocatalyst filter that can efficiently decompose and eliminate ozone gas or VOC and has a low ventilation resistance. The photocatalyst filter includes a sheet-like filter substrate and a photocatalyst layer supported by the filter substrate. The photocatalyst layer exhibits a photocatalytic action by receiving light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more. The photocatalyst filter has an aperture ratio of 35% or more and 80% or less. 1. A photocatalyst filter comprising:a sheet-like filter substrate; anda photocatalyst layer supported by the filter substrate, whereinthe photocatalyst layer exhibits a photocatalytic action by receiving light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more; andthe photocatalyst filter has an aperture ratio of 35% or more and 80% or less.2. The photocatalyst filter according to claim 1 , wherein the filter substrate has a curved shape.3. A photocatalyst filter laminate comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a plurality of photocatalyst filters according to , wherein'}the photocatalyst filters are stacked; andthe photocatalyst filter laminate has a thickness of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less.4. An exhaust unit comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'a photocatalyst filter laminate according to ;'}a first light source section for irradiating the photocatalyst filter laminate with light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more; andan exhaust fan for discharging gas from an exhaust port, whereinthe photocatalyst filter laminate is disposed in the exhaust port.5. The exhaust unit according to claim 4 , whereinthe photocatalyst filter laminate has a curved shape; andthe first light source section irradiates light to a concave surface of the photocatalyst filter laminate.6. The exhaust unit according to claim 5 , whereinthe photocatalyst filter laminate includes a first photocatalyst filter disposed at the surface receiving light from the first light source section and a ...

SMALL PARTICLE COMPOSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS

Milling methods that use grinding media particles formed of a ceramic material having an interlamellar spacing of less than 1250 nm. 1. Grinding media comprising:grinding media particles formed of a ceramic material, the ceramic material having an interlamellar spacing of less than 1250 nm.2. Grinding media comprising:grinding media particles comprising a core material and a coating formed on the core material, the coating including a plurality of layers, at least one of the layers having a thickness of less than 100 nanometers.3. The grinding media of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the layers has a thickness of less than 10 nanometers.4. The grinding media of claim 2 , wherein multiple layers have a thickness of less than 10 nanometers.5. The grinding media of claim 2 , wherein the coating includes at least 10 layers.6. The grinding media of claim 2 , wherein a first layer comprises zirconium and a second layer claim 2 , formed on the first layer claim 2 , comprises aluminum.7. The grinding media of claim 2 , wherein the particles have an average size of less than 150 micron.8. The grinding media of claim 2 , wherein the core material has a density of greater than 5 grams/cubic centimeter.9. Grinding media comprising:grinding media particles formed of a nanocrystalline composite comprising a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed in a matrix material.10. The grinding media of claim 9 , wherein the nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than 10 nanometers.11. The grinding media of claim 12 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise a transition metal nitride.12. The grinding media of claim 12 , wherein the matrix material comprises a nitride.13. A method comprising:milling inorganic feed particles using grinding media to produce an inorganic milled particle composition having an average particle size of less than 100 nm and a contamination level of less than 500 ppm, the feed particles having an average particle size of greater than 10 times the average ...

METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CATALYSED MONOLITH

Method for the preparation of a catalysed monolithic body or a catalysed particulate filter by capillary suction of sol-solution containing catalytically active material and metal oxide catalyst carriers or precursors thereof into pores of monolithic substrate. 1. A method for the preparation of a catalysed monolith , comprising the steps ofa) providing a porous monolith substrate with a plurality of longitudinal flow channels separated by gas permeable partition walls, the monolith substrate having a first end face and at a distance to the first end face a second end face;b) in a container providing a sol solution at least in an amount corresponding to pore volume of the gas permeable partition walls, the sol solution containing a water soluble or colloidal precursor of one or more catalytically active compounds and a water soluble or colloidal precursor of one or more metal oxides catalyst carrier compounds, at least one of the one or more precursors is colloid and at least one of the one or more precursors is water soluble;c) placing the monolith substrate substantially vertically in the container with the first or second end face dipped into the sol solution;d) sucking up the sol solely by capillary forces into pores of the permeable partition walls from the end face dipped into the sol solution without applying vacuum or pressure to a predetermined distance in the permeable partition walls from the end face dipped into the sol solution;e) subsequently inverting the monolith substrate and placing the monolith substrate substantially vertically in the container with the opposite end face dipped into the sol solution;f) sucking up the sol solely by capillary forces into pores of the permeable partition walls from the opposite end face dipped into the sol solution without applying vacuum or pressure; andg) drying and calcining the thus coated monolith substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined distance is about half of the whole distance between ...

NOVEL COMPOSITE OF IRON COMPOUND AND GRAPHENE OXIDE

Provided is a novel composite of an iron compound and a graphene oxide which is extremely useful as a photocatalyst or an active ingredient of an electrode. In this composite of an iron compound and graphene oxide, iron compound particles are supported on the graphene oxide. 1. A particulate composite comprising an iron compound and a graphene oxide , wherein(1) the particle size of primary particles in the particulate composite is in the range of 0.1 to 100 μm,(2) the particle size of the iron compound is in the range of 0.1 to 10 nm,(3) the content of iron to the composite is in the range of 0.1 to 50% by mass,{'sup': '−1', '(4) an absorption originating from an O—H group, an absorption originating from a C═O group, and an absorption around 701 cmoriginating from a Fe—O group are substantially absent, and an absorption originating from a C—O group is present, in an infrared absorption spectrum, and'}(5) the iron compound is supported on the graphene oxide.2. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the iron compound is FeO claim 1 , FeOor a mixture thereof.3. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size of the iron compound is in the range of 0.5 to 5 nm.4. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the content of iron to the composite is in the range of 0.5 to 40% by mass.5. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein there is substantially no signal above 2θ=30° in a powder X-Ray diffraction measurement.6. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide keeps supporting the iron compound after irradiation with white light in an aqueous solution at pH 2 claim 1 , and the graphene keeps supporting the iron compound after irradiation with white light in an aqueous solution at pH 14.7. A method for producing a composite comprising an iron compound and a graphene oxide claim 1 , the method comprising the step of suspending an iron compound and a graphene oxide as raw materials in an inert solvent claim 1 , and irradiating the ...

Method for the production of new nanomaterials

A method for producing new nanomaterials, 80 to 100 mol % of which are composed of TiO2 and 0 to 20 mol % are composed of another metal or semi-metal oxide that has a specific surface of 100 to 300 m2.g−1and 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups per nm2.

CATALYST FOR FLUIDIZED BED AMMOXIDATION REACTION, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACRYLONITRILE

A catalyst for a fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction containing silica and a metal oxide, wherein a composite of the silica and the metal oxide is represented by the following formula (1). 1. A catalyst for a fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction comprising:silica anda metal oxide, wherein {'br': None, 'sub': 12', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', '2', 'A, 'MoBiFeNiCoCeCrXO/(SiO)\u2003\u2003(1);'}, 'a composite of the silica and the metal oxide is represented by the following formula (1){'sub': '2', 'claim-text': [{'br': None, 'i': a', 'b+f', 'c+d, 'α=1.5/(1.5()+) \u2003\u2003(2);'}, {'br': None, 'i': b+f', 'c+d, 'β=1.5()/() \u2003\u2003(3); and'}, {'br': None, 'i': 'd/c', 'γ=\u2003\u2003(4).'}], 'wherein Mo represents molybdenum, Bi represents bismuth, Fe represents iron, Ni represents nickel, Co represents cobalt, Ce represents cerium, Cr represents chromium, X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, and cesium, SiOrepresents silica, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h each represent an atomic ratio of each element and satisfy 0.1≤a≤1, 1≤b≤3, 1≤c≤6.5, 1≤d≤6.5, 0.2≤e≤1.2, f≤0.05, and 0.05≤g≤1, provided that h is an atomic ratio of an oxygen atom, the atomic ratio satisfying valences of constituent elements excluding silica, A represents a content of silica (% by mass) in the composite and satisfies 35≤A≤48, and values of α, β, and γ calculated from the atomic ratios of respective elements by the following expressions (2), (3), and (4) satisfy 0.03≤α≤0.08, 0.2≤β≤0.4, and 0.5≤γ≤22. The catalyst for the fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction according to claim 1 , wherein the X represents rubidium.3. The catalyst for the fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction according to claim 1 , wherein δ calculated from the atomic ratio of each element by the following expression (5) satisfies 1.1≤δ≤3.0:{'br': None, 'i': 'e/a', 'δ=\u2003\u2003(5).'}4. A method for producing the catalyst for the fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction according ...

MOLECULAR SIEVE SSZ-95, METHOD OF MAKING, AND USE

A new crystalline molecular sieve designated SSZ-95 is disclosed. In general, SSZ-95 is synthesized from a reaction mixture suitable for synthesizing MTT-type molecular sieves and maintaining the mixture under crystallization conditions sufficient to form product. The product molecular sieve is subjected to a pre-calcination step, and ion-exchange to remove extra-framework cations, and a post-calcination step. The molecular sieve has a MTT-type framework and a H-D exchangeable acid site density of 0 to 50% relative to molecular sieve SSZ-32. 1. A molecular sieve having a MTT-type framework , a mole ratio of 20 to 70 of silicon oxide to aluminum oxide , a total micropore volume of between 0.005 and 0.02 cc/g; and a H-D exchangeable acid site density of up to 50% relative to SSZ-32.2. The molecular sieve of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has a mole ratio of 20 to 50 of silicon oxide to aluminum oxide.3. The molecular sieve of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has a total micropore volume of between 0.008 and 0.018 cc/g.4. The molecular sieve of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has an external surface area of between 200 and 250 m/g; and a BET surface area of between 240 and 280 m/g.5. The molecular sieve of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has a H-D exchangeable acid site density of 0.5 to 30% relative to molecular sieve SSZ-32.6. The molecular sieve of claim 5 , wherein the molecular sieve has a total micropore volume of between 0.008 and 0.018 cc/g.7. The molecular sieve of claim 5 , wherein the molecular sieve has an external surface area of between 200 and 250 m/g; and a BET surface area of between 240 and 280 m/g.8. The molecular sieve of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has a H-D exchangeable acid site density of 2 to 25% relative to molecular sieve SSZ-32.9. The molecular sieve of claim 8 , wherein the molecular sieve has a total micropore volume of between 0.008 and 0.018 cc/g.10. The molecular sieve of claim 8 , wherein the molecular ...

BI-METAL MOLECULAR SIEVE CATALYSTS

Provided is a catalyst composition comprising a small pore molecular sieve, about 0.5-5 weight percent of a transition metal (T) selected from copper and/or iron, based on the total weight of the zeolite, and about 0.5-5 weight percent nickel, based on the total weight of the molecular sieve, wherein the transition metal and nickel are present in a T:Ni ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:2. Also provided is a synthesis method for preparing a small pore molecular sieve having both Cu and Ni incorporated in situ. Also provided is a method for using such a catalyst for selectively reducing NOx in an exhaust gas. 1. A catalyst composition comprising a small pore molecular sieve , about 0.5-5 weight percent of a transition metal (T) selected from copper and/or iron , based on the total weight of the molecular sieve , and about 0.5-5 weight percent nickel , based on the total weight of the molecular sieve , wherein the transition metal and nickel are present in a T:Ni ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:2.2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal and the nickel are incorporated into the molecular sieve during synthesis.3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein a majority of the transition metal and the nickel are present as extra-framework metals.4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve is composed of crystals claim 1 , and the transition metal and the nickel are present in a weight percentage as measured by XPS that is within 10% of their weight percentage as measured by XRF5. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has a CHA framework.6. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve has an AEI framework.7. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve is a zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of about 10 to about 50.8. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the molecular sieve is essentially free of non-aluminum framework metals.9. The ...

HYDROCARBON PROCESSES USING HALOMETALLATE IONIC LIQUID MICRO-EMULSIONS

A process utilizing a micro-emulsion is described. The micro-emulsion formed by contacting an ionic liquid, a co-solvent, a hydrocarbon, an optional surfactant, and an optional catalyst promoter to form the micro-emulsion. The micro-emulsion comprises a hydrocarbon component comprising the hydrocarbon and an ionic liquid component comprising the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid comprises a halometallate anion and a cation. The co-solvent has a polarity greater than a polarity of the hydrocarbon. The ionic liquid is present in an amount of 0.05 wt % to 40 wt % of the micro-emulsion. A product mixture comprising a product is produced in a process zone containing the micro-emulsion. 1. A process utilizing a micro-emulsion comprising: 'contacting an ionic liquid, a co-solvent, a hydrocarbon, an optional surfactant, and an optional catalyst promoter to form the micro-emulsion, the micro-emulsion comprising a hydrocarbon component comprising the hydrocarbon and an ionic liquid component comprising the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid comprising a halometallate anion and a cation, the co-solvent having a polarity greater than a polarity of the hydrocarbon, the ionic liquid being present in an amount of 0.05 wt % to 40 wt % of the micro-emulsion; and', 'forming the micro-emulsion comprisingproducing a product mixture in a process zone containing the micro-emulsion, the product mixture comprising a product.2. The process of wherein the hydrocarbon comprises an isoparaffin having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms; and wherein producing the product mixture in the process zone comprises passing an olefin having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms to the process zone containing the micro-emulsion claim 1 , the process zone being operated at alkylation reaction conditions to react the olefin and the isoparaffin to generate the product mixture and wherein the product comprises an alkylate.3. The process of further comprising:altering a composition of the product mixture to destroy the micro-emulsion; ...

METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A ZONE COATED CATALYSED MONOLITH

Method for zone coating of monolithic substrates by using different sol-solution containing different catalyst carrier precursors and metal catalyst precursors and suction of one of the sol-solution up into pores in the walls of the zone to be coated, solely by capillary forces and another different sol-solution into the walls of another zone to be coated by capillary forces. 1. A method for the preparation of a catalysed monolith zone coated with different catalysts , comprising the steps ofa) providing a porous monolith substrate with a plurality of longitudinal flow channels separated by gas permeable partition walls, the monolith substrate having a first end face and at a distance to the first end face a second end face;b) providing a first sol solution in an amount corresponding to at least the pore volume in a first catalyst zone of the gas permeable partition walls to be coated with the first sol solution, the first sol solution containing water soluble or suspended precursors of one or more catalytically active compounds and water soluble or suspended precursors or oxides of one or metal oxides catalyst carrier compounds, at least one of the one or more precursors or oxides is suspended and at least one of the one or more precursors is dissolved in the sol solution;c) providing a second sol solution in an amount corresponding to at least the pore volume in a second catalyst zone of the gas permeable partition walls to be coated with the second sol solution, the second sol solution containing water soluble or suspended precursors of one or more catalytically active compounds different to the catalytically active compounds in the first sol solution and water soluble or suspended precursors or oxides of one or more metal oxides catalyst carrier compounds, at least one of the one or more precursors or oxides is suspended and at least one of the one or more precursors is dissolved in the second sol solution;d) placing the porous monolith substrate substantially ...

NANOLOG AND NANOPARTICLES AND METHOD OF FORMATION

A nanostructure is provided that in one embodiment includes a cluster of cylindrical bodies. Each of the cylindrical bodies in the cluster are substantially aligned with one another so that their lengths are substantially parallel. The composition of the cylindrical bodies include tungsten (W) and sulfur (S), and each of the cylindrical bodies has a geometry with at least one dimension that is in the nanoscale. Each cluster of cylindrical bodies may have a width dimension ranging from 0.2 microns to 5.0 microns, and a length greater than 5.0 microns. In some embodiments, the cylindrical bodies are composed of tungsten disulfide (WS). In another embodiment the nanolog is a particle comprised of external concentric disulfide layers which encloses internal disulfide folds and regions of oxide. Proportions between disulfide and oxide can be tailored by thermal treatment and/or extent of initial synthesis reaction. 1. A nanostructure comprising:a cluster of substantially cylindrical bodies, the substantially cylindrical bodies in said cluster are directly in contact with one another along their lengths and are substantially aligned with one another so that their lengths are substantially parallel, the composition of the cylindrical bodies comprising tungsten (W) and sulfur (S), and each of the cylindrical bodies has a geometry with at least one dimension that is in the nanoscale.2. The nanostructure of claim 1 , wherein each cluster of cylindrical bodies has a width dimension ranging from 0.2 microns to 5.0 microns claim 1 , and a length greater than 5.0 microns.3. The nanostructure of claim 1 , wherein each cylindrical body has a hollow core across its entire length.4. The nanostructure of claim 3 , wherein an oxide layer between the tungsten and sulfur containing body and the hollow core.5. The nanostructure of claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical body has a solid core in at least one portion of the cylindrical body along its length.6. A method of forming a nanostructure ...

Carbon Nanotube Foams with Controllable Architecture and Methods

CNT foams and methods are provided. The methods may include forming, in a non-solvent liquid, a suspension of CNTs and particles of a pyrolytic polymer; removing the non-solvent liquid; and removing the particles of the pyrolytic polymer to produce a CNT foam having cells that at least substantially correspond to the dimensions of the particles of the pyrolytic polymer. CNT foams having porous structures also are provided. 1. A method for making a carbon nanotube (CNT) foam , the method comprising:forming a suspension comprising a non-solvent liquid in which CNTs and particles of a pyrolytic polymer are dispersed;removing the non-solvent liquid; andremoving the particles of the pyrolytic polymer to produce a CNT foam having cells that at least substantially correspond to the dimensions of the particles of the pyrolytic polymer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the suspension comprises (i) dispersing CNTs in the non-solvent liquid to form a CNT suspension claim 1 , and (ii) adding the particles of the pyrolytic polymer to the CNT suspension.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolytic polymer comprises a thermoplastic polymer.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises poly(methylmethacrylate) claim 3 , nylon claim 3 , polyesters claim 3 , or a combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the pyrolytic polymer have an average diameter of from about 0.1 micrometers to about 1 claim 1 ,000 micrometers.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average length of the CNTs is at least two times the average diameter of the particles of the pyrolytic polymer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average length of the CNTs is at least fifteen times the average diameter of the particles of the pyrolytic polymer.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the average length of the CNTs is about 500 micrometers and the average diameter of the particles of the pyrolytic polymer is about 30 micrometers.9. The method of claim ...

ZERO VALENT IRON CATALYST FOR REDUCTION PROCESSES

A method of reducing a substrate and a system for reducing a substrate are described herein. The method comprises contacting the substrate with a catalytic amount of zero valent iron particles and with a reducing agent, wherein the zero valent iron particles mediate transfer of an electron, hydrogen atom and/or hydride ion from the reducing agent to the substrate. The system comprises zero valent iron particles embedded in a porous matrix, wherein the system is configured for contacting the substrate and a reducing agent with a catalytic amount of the zero valent iron particles in the porous matrix. 1. A method of reducing a substrate , the method comprising contacting the substrate with a catalytic amount of zero valent iron particles and with a reducing agent , wherein said zero valent iron particles mediate transfer of an electron , hydrogen atom and/or hydride ion from said reducing agent to said substrate , thereby reducing the substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of an amount of said substrate which is reduced to said catalytic amount is at least 10:1 (substrate: iron).3. The method of claim 1 , being effected by transfer of electrons claim 1 , hydrogen atoms and/or hydride ions from said reducing agent to said zero valent iron particles so as to form zero valent iron particles with a negative charge and at least one hydrogen atom bound thereto.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reducing agent is characterized by a standard redox potential which is −0.5 Vor more negative claim 1 , in aqueous solution at pH 8.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said standard redox potential is −0.7 Vor more negative claim 4 , in aqueous solution at pH 8.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said zero valent iron particles comprise zero valent iron nanoparticles.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said zero valent iron particles are embedded in a porous matrix.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reducing agent is selected from the group ...

METHANE STEAM REFORMING, USING NICKEL/ALUMINA NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST OR NICKEL/SILICA-ALUMINA HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST

The present invention relates to a method of methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of carrying out methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst wherein nickel metal nanoparticles are uniformly loaded in a high amount on a support via a melt infiltration method with an excellent methane conversion even under a relatively severe reaction condition of a high gas hourly space velocity or low steam supply, and to a catalyst for this method. In addition, the present invention prepares a nickel/silica-alumina hybrid nanocatalyst by mixing the catalyst prepared by the melt infiltration method as the first catalyst and the nickel silica yolk-shell catalyst as the second catalyst, and applies it to the steam reforming of methane to provide a still more excellent catalytic activity even under the higher temperature of ° C. or more with the excellent methane conversion. 150. A method of methane steam reforming with a methane conversion of % or more , which comprisesi) a step of providing a first catalyst for methane steam reforming which is prepared by a first step of grinding and mixing a porous alumina support and a nickel-containing compound having a melting point lower than the porous alumina support, and melt-infiltrating the nickel-containing compound into pores of the surface, inside, or both of the porous alumina support in a closed system at a temperature ranging from the melting point of the nickel-containing compound to ±5° C. higher than the melting point; and a second step of thermally treating the melt-infiltrated composite powder at 400 to 600° C. under reducing gas atmosphere to load nickel particles having the average particle size of 10 nm or less in the porous alumina support; ora nickel silica-alumina hybrid catalyst comprising the first catalyst; and a yolk-shell shaped second catalyst for methane steam reforming which has a nano- or micro- ...

IMAGING APPARATUS AND VEHICLE

An imaging apparatus includes an optical member, a housing, and a light source. The optical member contains a photocatalyst film on an object-side surface. The housing contains an accommodation section in which the optical member is accommodated. The light source is located in an internal space of the housing and emits light to activate the photocatalyst film. The light from the light source passes through the optical member and irradiates the photocatalyst film. 1. An imaging apparatus comprising:an optical member containing a photocatalyst film on an object-side surface;a housing containing an accommodation section in which the optical member is accommodated; anda light source that is located in an internal space of the housing and emits light to activate the photocatalyst film,wherein light from the light source passes through the optical member and irradiates the photocatalyst film.2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the housing includes one or more through holes extending from the internal space of the housing to the accommodation section, andlight from the light source passes through the one or more through holes and is incident upon the optical member.3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein the light from the light source passes through the one or more through holes and is incident upon the optical member from at least one of an outer side surface or an object-side surface of the optical member.4. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein at least a part of the light which passes through the one or more through holes and is incident upon the optical member is reflected internally in the optical member.5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein the one or more through holes include a plurality of through holes formed located around the optical member.6. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the housing includes, on at least a part of an inner wall defining the internal space, a reflecting ...

DUAL CATALYST SYSTEM FOR PROPYLENE PRODUCTION

Embodiments of processes for producing propylene utilize a dual catalyst system comprising a mesoporous silica catalyst impregnated with metal oxide and a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst downstream of the mesoporous silica catalyst, where the mesoporous silica catalyst includes a pore size distribution of at least 2.5 nm to 40 nm and a total pore volume of at least 0.600 cm/g, and the MFI structured silica catalyst has a total acidity of 0.001 mmol/g to 0.1 mmol/g. The propylene is produced from the butene stream via metathesis by contacting the mesoporous silica catalyst and subsequent cracking by contacting the MFI structured silica catalyst. 1. A process for production of propylene comprising: [{'sup': '3', 'a mesoporous silica catalyst impregnated with metal oxide, where the mesoporous silica catalyst includes a pore size distribution of about 2.5 nm to about 40 nm and a total pore volume of at least about 0.600 cm/g, and'}, 'a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst downstream of the mesoporous silica catalyst, where the MFI structured silica catalyst includes a total acidity of 0.001 mmol/g to 0.1 mmol/g,, 'providing a dual catalyst system comprisingproducing propylene from a stream comprising butene via metathesis and cracking by contacting the stream comprising butene with the dual catalyst system, where the stream comprising butene contacts the mesoporous silica catalyst before contacting the MFI structured silica catalyst.2. The process of where the MFI structured silica catalyst has a pore size distribution of at least 1.5 nm to 3 nm.3. The process of where the MFI structured silica catalyst is free of acidity modifiers selected from the group consisting of rare earth modifiers claim 1 , phosphorus modifiers claim 1 , potassium modifiers claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The process of where the mesoporous silica catalyst catalyzes isomerization of 2-butene to 1-butene followed by cross-metathesis of ...

METHOD FOR SYNTHESISING DIMETHYL CARBONATE

A method for synthesising dimethyl carbonate from methanol and urea, in which a saline ureic medium is used that includes at least one inorganic salt selected from the group made up of zinc (Zn) (II) chloride, tin (Sn) chlorides and iron (Fe) (III) chloride, characterised in that: methanol, in the presence of a catalytic composition, is placed in contact with the saline ureic medium that is at least partially liquid at a temperature referred to as synthesis temperature, which is higher than 140° C., such that reaction vapours are produced; the reaction vapours are condensed, and a condensate of the reaction vapours is collected, including dimethyl carbonate; the method is carried out at atmospheric pressure. A method for enriching and purifying dimethyl carbonate is also described. 118-. (canceled)19. Method for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate starting from methanol and urea , in which a saline ureic medium comprising at least one inorganic salt selected from the group consisting essentially of zinc chloride (Zn) II , tin chlorides (Sn) , and iron chloride (Fe) III is used: methanol, in the presence of a catalytic composition, is brought into contact with said saline ureic medium that is at least partially liquid at a temperature, so-called synthesis temperature, that is higher than 140° C., such that reaction vapors are produced;', 'the reaction vapors are condensed, and a condensate of said reaction vapors and that comprises dimethyl carbonate is recovered;', 'the method is implemented at atmospheric pressure., 'wherein20. Method according to claim 19 , wherein during a first operating step claim 19 , a reaction medium that comprises the saline ureic medium claim 19 , the catalytic composition claim 19 , and a first quantity of methanol is formed claim 19 , and the reaction medium is kept at the synthesis temperature claim 19 , with the formed condensate being reintroduced into the reaction medium claim 19 , and then during a second subsequent operating step claim ...

COBALT OXIDE NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION

A method of making stable aqueous dispersions and concentrates of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is described, wherein a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant and water is formed, and in which cobalt oxide nanoparticles are formed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles ranging in average crystallite size from about 4 nm to 15 nm are described. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles may be isolated and redispersed to form stable, homogeneous, aqueous dispersions of cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing from about 1 to about 20 weight percent cobalt oxide. 1. A method of making nanoparticles , comprising:a. forming a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant, and water; andb. forming cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the reaction mixture.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating or cooling said reaction mixture to a temperature in the range of about 0° C. to about 100°.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said carboxylic acid is a water soluble carboxylic acid comprising a C-Calkyl carboxylic acid.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said water soluble carboxylic acid is acetic acid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said carboxylic acid is a monoether carboxylic acid or a polyether carboxylic acid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said monoether carboxylic acid is methoxyacetic acid claim 5 , ethoxyacetic acid or 3-methoxypropionic acid.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said peroxide is hydrogen peroxide.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a second portion of an oxidant.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein adding said second portion of an oxidant is provided by a plurality of additions of said oxidant.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reaction mixture is formed by the sequential steps of:1) adding cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, and water;2) adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to alkaline conditions by addition of a base;3) adding an oxidant.11. The method of claim 1 , ...

Method of manufacturing micronized sandstone obtained from ceramics or industrial wastes of ceramic manufacturing containing TiO2 bio-additive, and product thereof

The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing micronized sandstone obtained from ceramics or industrial wastes of ceramic manufacturing, such as white paste, natural stones or clinker, including TiOas bio-additive, and product obtained by the micronized sandstone thereof. The ceramics and industrial wastes of ceramic are grinded in several steps and the resultant powders are collected by means of individual filters and further combined in a nanopowder micronizer for posterior treatment, where TiOhydrolyzed can be optionally added. This micronized sandstone comprising the bio-additive TiOis used in the production of plasters, mortars, grouts and/or as additive for paints and/or epoxy enriched with TiO. The micronized sandstone bio-additive with TiOcan be additionally subjected to two optional embodiments of the invention: treatment with or without the use of a pigment. In order to obtain the final product that can be used in the production of blocks, floors and other products of various sizes, an agglomerating agent combined with TiOis added to the micronized sandstone comprising the bio-additive TiO, either in an aqueous solution or as a dry product, optionally including colored oxides. 1. Method of manufacturing micronized sandstone obtained from ceramics or industrial waste of ceramics manufacturing containing TiObio-additive , characterized by comprising the steps of:{'b': 1', '2', '3, 'a. grinding the ceramics or ceramic waste in several mills/grinders (, , ),'}{'b': '4', 'b. obtaining the micronized sandstone () by passing the grinded ceramic material into a micronizer,'}{'b': 5', '4, 'c. adding pigments or colored oxides () to the micronized powder thereof (),'}{'b': 5', '5, 'sub': '2', 'i': 'b', 'd. processing the micronized colored powder () with a hydrolyzed solution of TiO(),'}{'b': 1', '1, 'sub': '2', 'e. drying (S) the micronized colored sandstone comprising TiOadditive (P)'}{'b': '1', 'sub': '2', 'f. mixing the obtained product (P) with an ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ETHYLENE GLYCOL FROM A CARBOHYDRATE

Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process, 1. Process for preparing ethylene glycol from a carbohydrate source ,wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are introduced as reactants into a reaction zone;wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements;wherein the diluent that is introduced into the reaction zone comprises an alkylene glycol; andwherein the carbohydrate source is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst system to yield an ethylene glycol-containing product.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the diluents comprises ethylene glycol.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate source is selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides claim 1 , oligosaccharides claim 1 , disaccharides claim 1 , and monosaccharides.4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate source is selected from the group consisting of cellulose claim 1 , starch claim 1 , hemicellulose claim 1 , hemicellulose sugars claim 1 , glucose and combinations thereof.5. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound that has an oxidation state of at least +2.6. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound selected from the group consisting of tungstic acid (HWO) claim 1 , ammonium tungstate claim 1 , ammonium metatungstate claim 1 , ammonium paratungstate claim 1 , tungstate compounds comprising at least one Group 1 or 2 element claim 1 , metatungstate compounds comprising at least one Group 1 or 2 element claim 1 , paratungstate compounds comprising at least one Group 1 or 2 element claim 1 , tungsten oxide (WO) claim 1 , heteropoly compounds of tungsten claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. Process according to claim 6 , wherein the catalyst system comprises tungstic acid ...

Synthesis of fibrous nano-silica spheres with controlled particle size, fibre density, and various textural properties

The present disclosure provides a method for synthesizing fibrous silica nanospheres, the method can include, in sequence, the steps of: a) providing a reaction mixture comprising a silica precursor, a hydrolyzing agent, a template molecule, a cosurfactant and one or more solvents; b) maintaining the reaction mixture under stirring for a length of time; c) heating the reaction mixture to a temperature for a length of time; d) cooling the reaction mixture to obtain a solid, and (e) calcinating the solid to pro duce fibrous silica nanospheres, wherein desirable product characteristics such as particle size, fiber density, surface area, pore volume and pore size can be obtained by controlling one or more parameters of the method. The present disclosure further provides a method for synthesizing fibrous silica nanospheres using conventional heating such as refluxing the reactants in an open reactor, thereby eliminating the need for microwave heating in a closed reactor or the need for any pressure reactors.

MOLECULAR SIEVE SSZ-91, METHODS FOR PREPARING SSZ-91, AND USES FOR SSZ-91

A family of new crystalline molecular sieves designated SSZ-91 is disclosed, as are methods for making SSZ-91 and uses for SSZ-91. Molecular sieve SSZ-91 is structurally similar to sieves falling within the ZSM-48 family of molecular sieves, and is characterized as: (1) having a low degree of faulting, (2) a low aspect ratio that inhibits hydrocracking as compared to conventional ZSM-48 materials having an aspect ratio of greater than 8, and (3) is substantially phase pure. 1. A molecular sieve belonging to the ZSM-48 family of zeolites , wherein the molecular sieve comprises:a silicon oxide to aluminum oxide mole ratio of 40 to 200,at least 70% polytype 6 of the total ZSM-48-type material present in the product, andan additional EUO-type molecular sieve phase in an amount of between 0 and 3.5 percent by weight of the total product; andwherein the molecular sieve has a morphology characterized as polycrystalline aggregates comprising crystallites collectively having an average aspect ratio of between 1 and 8.3. The molecular sieve of or , wherein the molecular sieve has a silicon oxide to aluminum oxide mole ratio of 70 to 160.4. The molecular sieve of any of - , wherein the molecular sieve has a silicon oxide to aluminum oxide mole ratio of 80 to 140.5. The molecular sieve of any of - , wherein the molecular sieve comprises at least 80% polytype 6 of the total ZSM-48-type material present in the product.6. The molecular sieve of any of - , wherein the molecular sieve comprises between 0.1 and 2 wt. % EU-1.7. The molecular sieve of any of - , wherein the crystallites collectively have an average aspect ratio of between 1 and 5.8. The molecular sieve of any of - , wherein the molecular sieve comprises at least 90% polytype 6 of the total ZSM-48-type material present in the product.9. The molecular sieve of any of - , wherein the crystallites collectively have an average aspect ratio of between 1 and 3.10. A method of preparing a molecular sieve according to any of - ...

GAS CLEAN-UP FOR ALKANE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION EFFLUENT

The invention relates to a process for the production of an alkene by alkane oxidative dehydrogenation, comprising: (a) subjecting a stream comprising an alkane to oxidative dehydrogenation conditions, comprising contacting the alkane with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide, resulting in a stream comprising alkene, unconverted alkane, water, carbon dioxide, unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and optionally an alkyne; (b) removing water from at least part of the stream comprising alkene, unconverted alkane, water, carbon dioxide, unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and optionally an alkyne resulting from step (a), resulting in a stream comprising alkene, unconverted alkane, carbon dioxide, unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and optionally alkyne; (c) removing unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and optionally alkyne from at least part of the stream comprising alkene, unconverted alkane, carbon dioxide, unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and optionally alkyne resulting from step (b), wherein carbon monoxide and optionally alkyne are oxidized into carbon dioxide, resulting in a stream comprising alkene, unconverted alkane and carbon dioxide; (d) optionally removing carbon dioxide from at least part of the stream comprising alkene, unconverted alkane in and carbon dioxide resulting from step (c), resulting in a stream comprising alkene and unconverted alkane; (e) optionally separating at least part of the stream comprising alkene and unconverted alkane resulting from step (d), into a stream comprising alkene and a stream comprising unconverted alkane; (f) optionally recycling unconverted alkane from at least part of the stream comprising unconverted alkane resulting from step (e), to step (a). 1. A process for the production of an alkene by alkane oxidative dehydrogenation , comprising:(a) subjecting a stream comprising an alkane to oxidative dehydrogenation conditions, comprising contacting the alkane with oxygen in the presence of a ...

Photoredox-Catalyzed Direct C-H Functionalization of Arenes

The invention generally relates to methods of making substituted arenes via direct C—H amination. More specifically, methods of making para- and ortho-substituted arenes via direct C—H amination are disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electron donating group is selected from —OH claim 1 , —SH claim 1 , —NH claim 1 , C1-C8 alkyl claim 1 , C1-C8 alkoxy claim 1 , C1-C8 thioalkoxy claim 1 , C1-C8 alkylamino claim 1 , (C1-C8)(C1-C8) dialkylamino claim 1 , —OC(═O)R claim 1 , —NHC(═O)R claim 1 , and Ar;{'sup': 6', '7, 'wherein each of Rand Ris independently selected from C1-C8 alkyl; and'}{'sup': '2', 'wherein Aris selected from aryl and heteroaryl and substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C8 alkyl.'}3. The method of claim 1 , wherein Z is F.48-. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoride is selected from ammonium fluoride claim 1 , cesium fluoride claim 1 , and triethylamine hydrofluoride.1415-. (canceled)16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant is molecular oxygen.17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant is 2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical (TEMPO).1820-. (canceled)21. The method of claim 1 , wherein Z is —CN.29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is isotopically-labeled.30. The method of claim 25 , wherein the compound contains a radioactive isotope.31. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is not isotopically-labeled. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/826,092, filed Nov. 29, 2017, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US2016/035549 with an international filing date of Jun. 2, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/170,632 filed on Jun. 3, 2015, the contents of which are incorporated ...

Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Water Into Substituted or Unsubstituted Hydrocarbon(s)

A method for the production of hydrocarbon(s), such as methane, substituted hydrocarbons, such as methanol, or the production of hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of contacting a first catalyst with water in order to photocatalyse the splitting of at least some of the water into hydrogen and oxygen; and contacting a second catalyst with a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and at least some of the hydrogen produced from step (a) in order to photocatalyse the reaction between the hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce hydrocarbon(s), such as methane, and/or substituted hydrocarbons, such as methanol. In an embodiment, the catalyst comprises gold and or ruthenium nanoclusters supported on a substrate. 1. A method for the production of hydrocarbon(s) , such as methane , or substituted hydrocarbons , such as methanol , the method comprising the steps of:contacting a catalyst with water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light in order to photocatalyse:(i) the splitting of at least some of the water into hydrogen and oxygen; and(ii) the reaction between hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce at least one of a hydrocarbon and/or substituted hydrocarbons;wherein the catalyst comprises at least gold and ruthenium, in the form of at least one nanocluster supported by a substrate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein support substrate is selected from the group comprising graphene claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , carbon black claim 1 , nanotubes claim 1 , fullerenes claim 1 , zeolites claim 1 , carbon nitrides claim 1 , metal nitrides and or oxides including zinc oxide or titanium oxide.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gold and ruthenium nanocluster has at least one Au—Ru bond having a distance in the range of from about 2.5 to 3.0 Å.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gold and ruthenium nanocluster comprise an average cluster size less than about 2 nm.5. A method for the production of hydrocarbon(s) claim 1 , such as methane claim ...

PROCESS TO PREPARE PROPYLENE

The invention is directed to a process to prepare propylene from a mixture of hydrocarbons by performing the following steps. (a) extracting aromatics from the mixture of hydrocarbons thereby obtaining a mixture of hydrocarbons poor in aromatics, (b) contacting the mixture obtained in step (a) with a heterogeneous cracking catalyst as present in a fixed bed thereby obtaining a cracked effluent, (c) separating propylene from the cracked effluent thereby also obtaining a higher boiling fraction, (d) recycling part of the higher boiling fraction to step (b) and at least 5 wt % of the higher boiling fraction to step (a). () 1. A process to prepare propylene from a mixture of hydrocarbons by performing the following steps:a. extracting aromatics from the mixture of hydrocarbons thereby obtaining a mixture of hydrocarbons poor in aromatics,b. contacting the mixture obtained in step (a) with a heterogeneous cracking catalyst as present in a fixed bed thereby obtaining a cracked effluent,c. separating propylene from the cracked effluent thereby also obtaining a higher boiling fraction,d. recycling part of the higher boiling fraction to step (b) and at least 5 wt % of the higher boiling fraction to step (a).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in step (d) between 10 and 30 wt % of the higher boiling fraction is recycled to step (a).3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises any one of:(a) between 1 and 70 wt % olefins having 4 or more carbon atoms; or(b) between 1 and 20 wt % olefins having 4 or more carbon; or(c) a mixture of paraffins, olefins, naphthenic and aromatic compounds boiling for more than 90 wt % between 35 and 250° C.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises any one or more of: a light straight run naphtha claim 3 , a fraction as isolated from the effluent selected from of any one or more of the following processes: Fluid Catalytic Cracking ...

METHOD FOR KETONISATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL

A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonisation reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonisation reaction. 1. A method for producing ketones , which method comprises:a) providing a feedstock of biological origin containing fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less;{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) subjecting said feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in a presence of a KO/TiO-catalyst; and'}c) obtaining from said ketonisation reaction a product stream containing ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in said feedstock;{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the subjecting is carried out directly on said feedstock and in a presence of said KO/TiO-catalyst as a sole catalyst applied in said ketonisation reaction.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subjecting is carried out directly on said feedstock without preceding or simultaneous hydrogenation of double bonds present in the fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives in said feedstock.3. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:performing said ketonisation reaction by introducing the feedstock in liquid phase.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feedstock of biological origin contains unsaturated fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives claim 1 , or esters.5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:performing said ketonisation reaction ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SURFACE-TREATED METAL TITANIUM MATERIAL OR TITANIUM ALLOY MATERIAL, AND SURFACE-TREATED MATERIAL

A material that is useful as a wear-resistant member, a highly functional photocatalytic material, a photoelectric conversion element material, etc., is produced without the need for complicated processes or complicated handling, which are problems of the prior art. Provided is a method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material, the method comprising the steps of (1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material, and (2) heating the metallic titanium material with titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) in an oxidizing atmosphere. Also provided is a method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material, the method comprising, between steps (1) and (2) above, the step of anodizing the metallic titanium material with titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) in an electrolyte solution that does not have an etching effect on titanium, thereby forming a titanium oxide film. Further provided is a surface-treated material. 1. A method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material used for an application selected from the group consisting of photocatalytic materials , photoelectric conversion element materials , slide-resistant materials , and wear-resistant materials , the method comprising the steps of:(1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material or a titanium alloy material by one treatment method selected from the group consisting of heat treatment under ammonia gas atmosphere and heat treatment under nitrogen gas atmosphere, at a heating temperature of 750° C. or more;(2) anodizing the metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material with the titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) by applying a voltage of 10 V or more in an electrolyte solution that does not have an etching effect on titanium, thereby ...

OXIDATION CATALYST AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE USING SAME

Provided is: an oxidation catalyst having excellent ability to combust diesel fuel intermittently sprayed from a nozzle disposed in an exhaust pipe, the oxidation catalyst being incorporated into an exhaust gas purification device having a diesel particulate filter (DPF) or a catalyst soot filter (CSF) for collecting particulate matter from a diesel engine; and an exhaust gas purification device that uses the oxidation catalyst. An oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification in which a precious metal component is carried on an inorganic matrix, wherein the inorganic matrix is one or more inorganic oxides selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, silica, and silica-alumina, the oxidation catalyst being characterized in the use of a material in which the activation energy of diesel fuel combustion performance is 72 kJ/mol or less. 1. An oxidation catalyst comprising:a precious metal component carried onan inorganic matrix is that comprises one or more inorganic oxides selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, silica, and silica-alumina;wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises a material in which the activation energy of diesel fuel combustion performance is 72 kJ/mol or less.2. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic matrix contains an inorganic oxide of which the activation energy of diesel fuel combustion performance exceeds 72 kJ/mol to the inorganic matrix claim 1 , in an amount of 15% by weight or less.3. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide consists of two or more inorganic oxides having different volume densities.4. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the precious metal component is platinum (Pt) and/or palladium (Pd).5. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the alumina consists of one or more alumina selected from the group consisting of γ-alumina claim 1 , δ-alumina and θ-alumina.6. The oxidation catalyst ...

HIERARCHICAL MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE-ENZYME MESOPOROUS ASSEMBLIES EMBEDDED IN MACROPOROUS SCAFFOLDS

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion. 122.-. (canceled)23. A method for epoxidation reactions of alkenes , the method comprising reacting alkenes in the presence of oxygen with a hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated self-assembled mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles containing an oxygen-transfer enzyme embedded in mesopores of said mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles , to produce an alkene oxide.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein said oxygen-transfer enzyme is a chloroperoxidase or a lipase.2539.-. (canceled)40. The method of claim 23 , further comprising magnetic particles claim 23 , not belonging to said mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles claim 23 , embedded in said continuous macroporous scaffold.41. The method of claim 23 , wherein said continuous macroporous scaffold has a polymeric composition.42 ...

EXHAUST GAS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An exhaust gas control system includes an upstream purification device disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, a downstream purification device disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage downstream from the upstream purification device, a fuel addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage upstream from the upstream purification device, and a urea addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage between the upstream purification device and the downstream purification device, and a cooling device. The cooling device is configured such that refrigerant cools the fuel addition valve first and then cools the urea addition valve subsequent to the fuel addition valve. 1. An exhaust gas control system for an internal combustion engine , the internal combustion engine being a compression ignition-type internal combustion engine operated to perform lean combustion ,the exhaust gas control system comprising:an upstream purification device disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, the upstream purification device including an oxidation catalyst;a downstream purification device disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage downstream from the upstream purification device, the downstream purification device including a selective catalytic reduction catalyst;a fuel addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage upstream from the upstream purification device, the fuel addition valve being configured to add fuel into exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine;a urea addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage between the upstream purification device and the downstream purification device, the urea addition valve being configured to add urea aqueous solution into the exhaust gas; anda cooling device having a cooling passage configured to carry refrigerant flowing through the cooling passage, the cooling passage being configured such that the refrigerant cools the fuel addition ...

METHOD FOR SYNTHESISING ORGANIC MOLECULES

Disclosed is a method for synthesising organic molecules from carbon-containing sources and dihydrogen, as well as a device for implementing the method. The method can make use of carbon-containing sources and/or dihydrogen from renewable resources. 1. A process for synthesising organic molecules comprising contacting , in an aqueous liquid medium under anaerobic conditions , at least one source of anaerobic microorganisms , capable of catalysing the reduction of carbon molecules by dihydrogen , with at least one dihydrogen stream , in the presence of at least one carbon source and at least one solid catalyst.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein all or part of the dihydrogen stream comes from a microbial electrolysis comprising the oxidation of organic waste claim 1 , and/or an anaerobic digestion of organic waste claim 1 , and/or water electrolysis.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one carbon source isa. either in gas form and chosen from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide,{'sub': 1', '8, 'b. or in solution and chosen from solutions comprising carbonate, C-Ccarboxylates, sugars, lactate, alone or in mixture.'}4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one solid catalyst is an electrically conducting or semi-conductor catalyst.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one solid catalyst is chosen from a hydrogenation catalyst or a catalyst comprising carbon materials claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid catalyst is a bulk or supported metal catalyst.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein said metal catalyst comprises at least one metal chosen from iron claim 6 , ruthenium claim 6 , cobalt claim 6 , nickel claim 6 , chromium claim 6 , platinum claim 6 , palladium claim 6 , rhodium claim 6 , or a mixture of the same or of their oxides.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein said metal catalyst comprises iron claim 7 , cobalt claim 7 , ...

Device for reducing airborne contaminants

A photocatalytic system for reducing airborne contaminants using an ultraviolet (UV) emitter and photocatalytic cells, the system comprises a housing comprising a front side having an opening therethrough, and a rear side opposite the front side, the rear side also having an opening therethrough. A first photocatalytic cell is located in the housing adjacent to the front side. Likewise, a second photocatalytic cell located in the housing adjacent to the rear side. A unitary removable structure slidably positionable within the housing between the first photocatalytic cell and the second photocatalytic cell.

PLASMONIC METAL NITRIDE AND TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES FOR PLASMON ASSISTED CATALYSIS

A nanostructured material system for efficient collection of photo-excited carriers is provided. They system comprises a plurality of plasmonic metal nitride core material elements coupled to a plurality of semiconductor material elements. The plasmonic nanostructured elements form ohmic junctions at the surface of the semiconductor material or at close proximity with the semiconductor material elements. A nanostructured material system for efficient collection of photo-excited carriers is also provided, comprising a plurality of plasmonic transparent conducting oxide core material elements coupled to a plurality of semiconductor material elements. The field enhancement, local temperature increase and energized hot carriers produced by nanostructures of these plasmonic material systems play enabling roles in various chemical processes. They induce, enhance, or mediate catalytic activities in the neighborhood when excited near the resonance frequencies. 1. A nanostructured material system for efficient collection of photo-excited carriers , comprising:a plurality of plasmonic metal nitride core material elements coupled to a corresponding plurality of semiconductor material elements.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic nanostructured elements form ohmic junctions at the surface of the semiconductor material elements or at close proximity with the semiconductor material elements.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic metal nitride core material is titanium nitride (TiN).4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor is titanium dioxide (TiO) or TiON claim 3 , where 01.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the semiconductor material elements comprise tantalum pentoxide (TaO).8. The system of claim 5 , ...

Ignition system for igniting combustible gas mixtures

An autonomously functioning ignition system, even though it is simple in design, allows for the reliable ignition of combustible gas mixtures that are only slightly above the ignition limit. The ignition system for igniting combustible gas mixtures, particularly in a containment structure of a nuclear facility, includes an electric ignition element and a thermoelectric generator that forms a source of current for the ignition element. A catalytic recombiner for the gas mixture, which is configured as a flow channel for the gas mixture, forms a heat source for the thermoelectric generator. 1. An ignition system for igniting a combustible gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen in a containment of a nuclear installation , the ignition system comprising:an electric ignition element being a heating wire or a glow plug;a thermoelectric generator having a plurality of N-doped and P-doped semi-conductor elements connected in series to form a power source for said ignition element;a catalytic recombiner for the gas mixture forming a heat source for said thermoelectric generator;wherein said recombiner is constructed in a flow channel for the gas mixture, and said thermoelectric generator is arranged outside the flow channel for the gas mixture.2. The ignition system according to claim 1 , wherein the flow channel is configured for conducting a natural draught of the gas mixture.3. The ignition system according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat pipe for discharging heat from said thermoelectric generator.4. The ignition system according to claim 1 , wherein said recombiner comprises ignition wires to be activated by way of reaction heat for igniting the gas mixture.5. A nuclear installation claim 1 , comprising a containment and an ignition system according to disposed in said containment.6. The nuclear installation according to configured as a nuclear power station. This application is a continuation, under 35 U.S.C. § 120, of copending international patent ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING AN AROMATIZATION CATALYST

According to the subject matter of the present disclosure, a method of producing an aromatization catalyst may comprise producing a plurality of uncalcined ZSM-5 nanoparticles via a dry-gel method, directly mixing the plurality of uncalcined ZSM-5 nanoparticles with large pore alumina and a binder to form a ZSM-5/alumina mixture, and calcining the ZSM-5/alumina mixture to form the aromatization catalyst. The plurality of uncalcined ZSM-5 nanoparticles may have an average diameter of less than 80 nm. 1. A method of producing an aromatization catalyst , the method comprising:producing a plurality of uncalcined ZSM-5 nanoparticles via a dry-gel method,wherein the plurality of ZSM-5 nanoparticles has an average diameter of less than 80 nm;directly mixing the plurality of uncalcined ZSM-5 nanoparticles with large pore alumina and a binder to form a ZSM-5/alumina mixture; andcalcining the ZSM-5/alumina mixture to form the aromatization catalyst; wherein the large pore alumina has a pore size of from 18 nm to 26 nm.2. The method of producing an aromatization catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of uncalcined ZSM-5 nanoparticles has not been subjected to centrifugation above 3 claim 1 ,000 rpm claim 1 , before being mixed with the large pore alumina and binder.3. The method of producing an aromatization catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of uncalcined ZSM-5 nanoparticles has not been subjected to calcination above 200° C. for more than 30 minutes claim 1 , before being mixed with the large pore alumina and binder.4. The method of producing an aromatization catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ZSM-5/alumina mixture is calcined at a temperature of from 400° C. to 700° C. for from 1 hour to 10 hours.5. The method of producing an aromatization catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the aromatization catalyst is impregnated with gallium atoms to form a Ga-ZSM-5 catalyst.6. The method of producing an aromatization catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the Ga-ZSM-5 catalyst is ...