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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 2925. Отображено 100.
21-11-2018 дата публикации

Установка для регенерации катализатора риформинга

Номер: RU0000185080U1
Автор: Алексей Сергеевич Яблоков, Алла Дмитриевна Ермоленко, Денис Сергеевич Александров, Дмитрий Александрович Калабин, Константин Васильевич Дьяченко, Михаил Андреевич Лебедской-Тамбиев, Сергей Николаевич Шишкин
Принадлежит: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Институт по проектированию предприятий нефтеперерабатывающей и нефтехимической промышленности" (ООО "Ленгипронефтехим")

Полезная модель относиться к области нефтепереработки и нефтехимии, а именно к приспособлениям для непрерывной регенерации катализатора в кислородсодержащем газе для процесса риформинга. Предлагается устройство для регенерации катализатора риформинга, содержащее связанный с реактором риформинга бункер для катализатора, регенерационную колонну, связанную с бункером для катализатора, блок восстановления и сушки катализатора, систему подготовки газов и трубопроводы, отличающееся тем, что в нижней части колонны расположен узел для смешения закоксованного катализатора и регенерирующего газа, выполненный с возможностью их транспортировки сонаправленно в зону регенерации, причем бункер для закоксованного катализатора и система подготовки регенерирующего газа связаны трубопроводами с нижней частью регенерационной колонны, а блок восстановления и сушки катализатора связаны с верхней частью колонны через блок газоотделения, связанный с системой подготовки газа. Проведенные испытания показали, что при использовании заявляемого решения время регенерации существенно сокращается и составляет от нескольких секунд до нескольких минут в зависимости от содержания кокса на его поверхности, при этом разрушения и спекания гранул катализатора практически не происходит. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 185 080 U1 (51) МПК C10G 35/10 (2006.01) B01J 8/08 (2006.01) B01J 38/10 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10G 35/10 (2006.01); B01J 8/08 (2006.01); B01J 38/10 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018124392, 03.07.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 21.11.2018 (45) Опубликовано: 21.11.2018 Бюл. № 33 Адрес для переписки: 193313, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Подвойского, 141-741, Кузнецовой Г.В. (73) Патентообладатель(и): Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Институт по проектированию предприятий нефтеперерабатывающей и нефтехимической промышленности" (ООО "Ленгипронефтехим") (RU) U 1 1 ...

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Номер записи: 1
01-03-2012 дата публикации

Method for Drying Regenerated Catalyst in Route to a Propane Dehydrogenation Reactor

Номер: US20120053047A1
Автор: Daniel N. Myers, David N. Myers, Laura E. Leonard, Paolo Palmas, Wolfgang A. Spieker
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

An apparatus and process are presented for drying a catalyst in a reactor-regenerator system. The process includes a continuous operating system with catalyst circulating between a reactor and regenerator, and the catalyst is dried before returning the catalyst to the reactor. The process uses air that is split between the drying stage and the combustion stage without adding equipment outside of the regenerator, minimizing energy, capital cost, and space requirements.

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Номер записи: 2
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Processes and systems for producing syngas from methane

Номер: US20120104322A1
Автор: Colleen Costello, Deng-Yang Jan, Kurt Vanden Bussche, Lisa King, Paul Barger, Robert B. James
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Embodiments of a process for producing syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising methane are provided. The process comprises the step of contacting the gas stream with a two-component catalyst system comprising an apatite component and a perovskite component at reaction conditions effective to convert the methane to the syngas.

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Номер записи: 3
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Process for regenerating a reforming catalyst

Номер: US20120270724A1
Автор: Lawrence E. Lew
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

The present invention is directed to an in situ process for regenerating a reforming catalyst within a reactor by: (a) removing a carbon containing deposit from the reforming catalyst, (b) contacting the reforming catalyst with oxygen under catalyst rejuvenation conditions to provide a rejuvenated catalyst, (c) purging a portion of the oxygen from the rejuvenated catalyst such that residual oxygen is retained within the reactor, and (d) introducing hydrogen into the reactor at a rate to provide a reactor temperature increase in the range from 25 to 45° F.

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Номер записи: 4
01-11-2012 дата публикации

Process for the regeneration of hydrocarbon conversion catalysts

Номер: US20120277089A1
Автор: Ajay Madhav Madgavkar, Ann Marie Lauritzen, Mahesh Venkataraman Iyer
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention provides a process for hydrocarbon conversion, especially for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, which comprises: (a) alternately contacting a hydrocarbon feed, especially a lower alkane feed, with a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, especially an aromatization catalyst, under hydrocarbon conversion, especially aromatization reaction conditions, in a reactor for a short period of time, preferably 30 minutes or less, to produce reaction products and then contacting the catalyst with hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature for a short period of time, preferably 10 minutes or less, (b) repeating the cycle of step (a) at least one time, (c) regenerating the catalyst by contacting it with an oxygen-containing gas at elevated temperature and (d) repeating steps (a) through (c) at least one time.

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Номер записи: 5
02-05-2013 дата публикации

Process for reprocessing spent catalysts

Номер: US20130109560A1
Автор: Florina Corina Patcas, Martin Dieterle, Yong Liu
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The invention relates to a process for reprocessing spent catalysts comprising rare earth metals, and to a process for producing a new styrene catalyst from a spent styrene catalyst.

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Номер записи: 6
20-06-2013 дата публикации

Multiple burn zones with independent circulation loops

Номер: US20130157839A1
Автор: Charles T. Ressl, Gary A. Dziabis, Steven C. KOZUP
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

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Номер записи: 7
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon cut with a boiling point of more than 250°c in the presence of a sulphide catalyst prepared using a cyclic oligosaccharide

Номер: US20130186806A1
Автор: Bertrand Guichard, Elodie Devers, Fabrice Diehl, Karin Marchand
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

Preparation of a catalyst having at least one metal from group VIII, at least one metal from group VIB and at least one support; in succession: i) one of i1) contacting a pre-catalyst with metal from group VIII, metal from group VIB and support with a cyclic oligosaccharide naming at least 6 α-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits; i2) contacting support with a solution containing a precursor of metal from group VIII, a precursor of said metal from group VIB and a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of at least 6 α-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits; or i3) contacting support with a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of at least 6 α-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits followed by contacting solid derived therefrom with a precursor of metal from group VIII and a precursor of metal from group VIB.

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Номер записи: 8
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Fischer-tropsch catalyst regeneration

Номер: US20130210939A1
Автор: Erling Rytter, Oyvind Borg, Sigrid Eri, Torild Hulsund Skagseth
Принадлежит: GTL F1 AG

A process for the regeneration of deactivated catalyst from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, the catalyst being a supported cobalt catalyst. The process comprises the following steps: a withdrawal step, in which a portion of deactivated catalyst together with liquid hydrocarbon is withdrawn from the reactor; a concentration step, in which the concentration of the catalyst in the liquid hydrocarbon is increased; a calcination step, in which the deactivated catalyst composition is subjected to an oxidising gas to oxidise carbonaceous material contained in the deactivated catalyst in to gaseous oxides of the components of the carbonaceous material; and a reactivation step, in which the deactivated catalyst composition is reactivated to produced a regenerated catalyst.

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Номер записи: 9
29-08-2013 дата публикации

Process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit

Номер: US20130225396A1
Автор: Daniel N. Myers, David N. Myers, Paolo Palmas
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Generally, the process includes providing a feed to a riser of a reaction vessel, and providing a stream to a distributor positioned within a void proximate to an inlet receiving unregenerated catalyst in a regenerator. The feed can include at least one of a gas oil, a vacuum gas oil, an atmospheric gas oil, a coker gas oil, a hydrotreated gas oil, a hydrocracker unconverted oil, and an atmospheric residue

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Номер записи: 10
03-10-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REGENERATING CATALYST

Номер: US20130260984A1
Автор: Johnson Daniel R., Palmas Paolo
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for mixing spent catalyst and recycled regenerated catalyst in a regenerator vessel. Mixing is conducted in a confined space to which catalyst is delivered from catalyst conduits protruding through the wall of the regenerator. 1. A process for regenerating catalyst comprising:mixing spent catalyst having coke deposits and regenerated catalyst in a confined volume in a regenerator vessel to raise the temperature of the spent catalyst;allowing mixed catalyst to exit from the confined volume;distributing oxygen to a regenerator vessel;contacting said oxygen with said mixed catalyst to combust coke deposits from said spent catalyst in said mixed catalyst to produce regenerated catalyst and flue gas;separating said flue gas from said regenerated catalyst; andrecycling regenerated catalyst to said confined volume in said regenerator vessel.2. The process of wherein said spent catalyst and said regenerated catalyst are mixed in a cup defining said confined volume.3. The process of wherein said contacting of said oxygen with said spent catalyst is conducted in a first chamber and further comprising transporting said regenerated catalyst and flue gas from said first chamber into a second chamber and said separation of regenerated catalyst and flue gas is conducted in said second chamber.4. The process of wherein said regenerated catalyst from second chamber is recycled to a cup in said first chamber.5. The process of wherein mixed regenerated and spent catalyst exits from said confined volume downwardly.6. The process of further comprising propelling regenerated catalyst to said confined volume with transport gas.7. The process of wherein a recycled catalyst conduit delivers regenerated catalyst to said confined volume and a spent catalyst conduit delivers spent catalyst to said confined volume. This application is a Continuation of copending application Ser. No. 12/894,869 filed Sep. 30, 2010, the contents of which are hereby ...

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Номер записи: 11
10-10-2013 дата публикации

MULTISTAGE CRACKING AND STRIPPING PROCESS IN AN FCC UNIT

Номер: US20130267747A1
Автор: Bories Marc, Echard Michaël, Leroy Patrick
Принадлежит: TOTAL RAFFINAGE MARKETING

The present invention relates to a multi staged cracking and stripping process that can be used in a fluidized-bed catalytic cracking process or FCC (fluidized catalytic cracking) process for maximizing the production of olefins, that is to say of Cand Colefins, in particular propylene and distillates. 1. Multi-staged process for cracking and stripping a fluidized mixture of hydrocarbons and of coked catalyst particles , integrated into a disengaging/stripping step of a conventional fluidized-bed catalytic cracking process , said multi-staged process comprising at least one step of cracking and one step of stripping after separation of the coked catalyst particles and of the cracked effluents , characterized in that said multi-staged process for cracking and stripping comprises at least two steps of cracking at least one hydrocarbonaceous fluid over the separated coked catalyst particles followed by at least one step of stripping these particles , each cracking step preceding a stripping step.2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least one hydrocarbonaceous fluid is injected over the coked catalyst particles by means of injectors during each cracking step claim 1 , whilst the coked catalyst particles are stripped during each stripping step claim 1 , by a stripping fluid claim 1 , injected countercurrently to the catalyst particles used in the preceding step.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises claim 1 , upstream of the first cracking step claim 1 , a step of pre-stripping the catalyst that consists in countercurrently flushing the stream of coked catalyst particles claim 1 , resulting from the separation step claim 1 , with a stripping fluid injected countercurrently to said stream.4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the particles are divided in the various cracking and optionally stripping steps by means of at least one structured packing element.5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized ...

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Номер записи: 12
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Method for regenerating and hydrogenation catalyst

Номер: US20130316893A1
Автор: Dae Chul Kim, Dong-Hyun Ko, Moo Ho Hong, O Hak Kwon, Sung Shik Eom
Принадлежит: LG Chem Ltd

Disclosed is a method for regenerating a hydrogenation catalyst. More specifically, disclosed is a method for regenerating a hydrogenation catalyst poisoned during hydrogenation of a hydroformylation product for preparation of alcohol by stopping hydrogenation in a hydrogenation stationary phase reactor in which the hydrogenation catalyst is set and flowing hydrogen gas under a high temperature normal pressure. The method has an effect in that the poisoned hydrogenation catalyst can be efficiently recovered through a simple process.

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Номер записи: 13
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Extracted conjunct polymer naphtha

Номер: US20140039230A1
Автор: Donald Henry Mohr, Douglas Robert Cyr, Huping Luo, Hye Kyung Cho Timken, Izadyar Dalvand, Michael Sean Driver, Michael Tung-hai Cheng, Shawn Shlomo Winter
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

We provide an extracted conjunct polymer naphtha ( 45 ), comprising a hydrogenated conjunct polymer naphtha, from a used ionic liquid catalyst, having a final boiling point less than 246° C. (475° F.), a Bromine Number of 5 or less, and at least 30 wt % naphthenes. We also provide a blended alkylate gasoline ( 97 ) comprising the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha ( 45 ), and integrated alkylation processes to make the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha ( 45 ) and the blended alkylate gasoline ( 97 ). We also provide a method to analyze alkylate products, by determining an amount of methylcyclohexane in the alkylate products ( 80 ).

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Номер записи: 14
03-01-2019 дата публикации

CATALYST AND HYDROCARBON CONVERSION PROCESS UTILIZING THE CATALYST

Номер: US20190002372A1
Автор: JANTHARASUK Amnart, JAREEWATCHARA Wuttithep, SURIYE Kongkiat
Принадлежит: SMH Co., Ltd

The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising i) a catalyst, in oxidic form, metals M1, M2, M3 and M4, wherein: M1 is selected from Si, Al, Zr, and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from Pt, Cr, and mixtures thereof; M3 is selected from W, Mo, Re and mixtures thereof; M4 is selected from Sn, K, Y, Yb and mixtures thereof; and ii) a hydrogen scavenger selected from at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal derivative, preferably in metallic, hydride, salt, complex or alloy form; as well as a hydrocarbon conversion process utilizing this catalyst. 1. Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising , M1 is selected from Si, Al, Zr, and mixtures thereof;', 'M2 is selected from Pt, Cr, and mixtures thereof;', 'M3 is selected from W, Mo, Re and mixtures thereof;', 'M4 is selected from Sn, K, Y, Yb, and mixtures thereof; wherein', 'the mass fraction of M1 is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8;', 'the mass fraction of M2 is in the range of 0.001 to 0.2;', 'the mass fraction of M3 is in the range of 0.001 to 0.2;', 'the mass fraction of M4 is in the range of 0.0001 to 0.2; and', 'the mass fraction of oxygen is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8;', 'and, 'i) a catalyst in oxidic form, comprising metals M1, M2, M3 and M4, whereinii) a hydrogen scavenger selected from at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal derivative.2. Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal is selected from Li claim 1 , Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein weight ratio of catalyst i) and hydrogen scavenger ii) is from 1-99 to 99-1.4. Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein M2 is Pt and M3 is W.5. Process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feed comprising saturated hydrocarbon compounds to olefin products comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feed stream with the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 15
15-01-2015 дата публикации

Catalyst activation method for fischer-tropsch synthesis

Номер: US20150018438A1
Автор: Geun Jae Kwak, Jae Hoon Jung, Joo Young CHEON, Ki Won Jun, Kyoung Su Ha, Min Hee Woo, Yun Jo Lee
Принадлежит: Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology KRICT

The present invention relates to: a catalyst activation method for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; a catalyst regeneration method for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; and a method for producing a liquid or solid hydrocarbon by using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The temperatures required for a metal carbide producing and activating reaction is markedly lower than existing catalyst activation temperatures, and the catalyst can be activated under conditions that are the same as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction conditions, and thus there is no need for separate reduction equipment in the reactor, and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst which has been used for a long time can be regenerated within the reactor without the catalyst being isolated or extracted from the reactor.

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Номер записи: 16
16-01-2020 дата публикации

ALLOYED ZEOLITE CATALYST COMPONENT, METHOD FOR MAKING AND CATALYTIC APPLICATION THEREOF

Номер: US20200016581A1
Автор: Gaffney Anne Mae
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) generally relates to a method of making a solid catalyst component comprising a zeolite with a modifier and at least one Group VIII metal alloyed with at least one transition metal and a process of converting mixed waste plastics into low molecular weight organic compounds using the solid catalyst component. The process of converting mixed waste plastics into low molecular weight organic compounds may employ the use of a non-thermal catalytic plasma reactor, which may be configured as a fluid bed reactor or fixed bed reactor. 113.-. (canceled)14. A process of converting a mixed waste plastic into a low molecular weight organic compound , comprising the steps of(a) feeding particles of the mixed waste plastic, plasma, and a solid catalyst component into a non-thermal catalytic plasma reactor, the solid catalyst component comprising (i) a modified zeolite and (ii) alloyed metals into a fluidized bed reactor;(b) heating the particles of the mixed waste plastic and the solid catalyst component at a temperature effective to produce a coarse filler, inorganic components, coke, a volatile organic component, and a spent catalyst component;(c) withdrawing a first stream comprising the volatile organic component from the reactor;(d) withdrawing a second stream comprising the spent catalyst component, the coke, the coarse filler and the inorganic components from the reactor;(e) heating the second stream in a regenerator in the presence of oxygen, air, or a blend of oxygen with an inert gas at a temperature effective to convert the coke to a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water, and to regenerate the solid catalyst component; and(f) separating the regenerated solid catalyst component from the coarse filler and the inorganic components.15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the inert gas of step (e) is nitrogen claim 14 , steam or combinations thereof.16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the volatile ...

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Номер записи: 17
21-01-2021 дата публикации

Olefin aromatization catalyst, preparation method and use thereof, and low-carbon olefin aromatization process

Номер: US20210016261A1
Автор: Hua Liu, HUI Wang, Jihong Cheng, Joshua Miles, Junjun SHAN, Lisa Nguyen
Принадлежит: China Energy Investment Corp Ltd, National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy

The present discloses an aromatization catalyst, preparation process and application thereof and a low-carbon olefin aromatization process. The aromatization catalyst comprises a microporous material, a binder and a modifier; the microporous material is a zeolite molecular sieve, the binder is alumina, the modifier is phosphorus, and the molar ratio of the aluminum element in the binder to the phosphorus element is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5; the ratio of the acidity of the strongly acidic sites to the acidity of the weakly acidic sites of the olefin aromatization catalyst is less than 1.

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Номер записи: 18
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD OF TREATMENT FOR A CATALYTIC REACTOR

Номер: US20160023194A1
Автор: BRENNA Giuseppe, DEBELLEMANIERE Olivier, Faure Raphael, Gary Daniel, Vaccari Angelo
Принадлежит: L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour I'Etude et I'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude

Process for treating a catalytic reactor comprising a catalyst bed that includes the successive steps of passivating the catalytic reactor leading to the production of an oxidation layer at the surface of the active sites of the catalyst bed, opening the reactor, and skimming at least one portion of the catalyst bed. 19-. (canceled)10. A process for treating a catalytic reactor comprising a catalyst bed , comprising the sequential steps of:a) passivating the catalyst bed thereby resulting in production of an oxidation layer at a surface of active sites of the catalyst bed, said passivating step comprising the sub-steps of: i) introducing an inert gas into the catalytic reactor, the inert gas including an oxidizer at a concentration of between 50 and 100 ppm, and ii) repeating sub-step (i) with an increase of the concentration of the oxidizer in the inert gas by a factor of 2 to 10 until an oxygen concentration within the reactor is equal to an oxygen concentration in the atmosphere outside the reactor;b) opening the reactor; andc) skimming at least one portion of the catalyst bed.11. The process of claim 10 , wherein performance of said process results in an oxidation layer thickness of between 0.3 and 10 nm claim 10 , preferably of between 0.3 and 3 nm.12. The process of claim 11 , wherein performance of said process results in an oxidation layer thickness of between 0.3 and 3 nm.13. The process of claim 10 , wherein said step of passivating is carried out at a temperature of less than 200° C. claim 10 , preferably of less than 100° C.14. The process of claim 13 , wherein said step of passivating is carried out at a temperature of less than 100° C.15. The process of claim 10 , wherein said step of passivating is carried out at a pressure of less than 10 atm.16. The process of claim 15 , wherein said step of passivating is carried out at a pressure of less than 5 atm.17. The process of claim 10 , wherein said step of introducing the inert gas results in oxidation of ...

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Номер записи: 19
10-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REGENERATING A CATALYST WHICH IS SPENT AND REGENERATED BY A HYDRODESULFURIZATION PROCESS OF GASOLINES

Номер: US20220040680A1
Автор: Devers Elodie, GIRARD Etienne, LEFLAIVE Philibert
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

A process for rejuvenating an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a hydrodesulfurization process of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut, where the at least partially spent catalyst result is from a fresh catalyst a metal from group VIII, a metal from group VIb, and an oxide support, where the process includes 1. A process for the rejuvenation of an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a process for the hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut , said at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a fresh catalyst comprising at least one metal from group VIII , at least one metal from group VIb , an oxide support , and optionally phosphorus , said process comprising the following stages:a) the at least partially spent catalyst is regenerated in an oxygen-containing gas stream at a temperature of between 350° C. and 550° C. so as to obtain a regenerated catalyst,b) the regenerated catalyst is brought into contact with at least one impregnation solution containing at least one compound comprising a metal from group VIb, the molar ratio of the metal from group VIb added per metal from group VIb already present in the regenerated catalyst being between 0.15 and 2.5 mol/mol,c) a drying stage is carried out at a temperature of less than 200° C. so as to obtain a rejuvenated catalyst.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which claim 1 , in stage b) claim 1 , the impregnation solution additionally contains a compound comprising a metal from group VIII; the molar ratio of the metal from group VIII added per metal from group VIII already present in the regenerated catalyst is between 0.1 and 2.5 mol/mol.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which claim 1 , in stage b) claim 1 , the impregnation solution additionally contains phosphorus; the molar ratio of the phosphorus added per metal from group VIb already present in the regenerated catalyst is between 0.1 and 2.5 mol/mol.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 20
04-02-2016 дата публикации

SEALING SYSTEM FOR A FLUID CATALYST CRACKING REGENERATOR

Номер: US20160030905A1
Автор: Althoff James W., La Vine Mark A., Paden Melvin, Sandacz Michael S., Stine Michael A., Walker Patrick D.
Принадлежит:

A regenerator for an FCC apparatus. The regenerator includes a riser inside of a shell. The riser includes a cone and a cone skirt. An annulus is formed between the riser and the shell. A sealing system for keeping catalyst out of a portion of the annulus comprises a first sealing element and a second sealing element disposed above the second sealing element. The second sealing element comprises a ring having one or more plates being movable to accommodate the thermal expansion of the riser. 1. A regenerator for regenerating catalyst from an FCC reactor , the regenerator comprising:an internal riser comprising a cone and a cone skirt,a shell surrounding the internal riser and forming an annulus between an outer surface of the riser and an inner surface of the shell, a bottom of the cone skirt being secured to the shell;a primary seal disposed in the annulus between the internal riser and the shell; and,a secondary seal disposed above the primary seal, wherein the secondary seal comprises a sealing ring including at least one pivotable plate.2. The regenerator of claim I wherein the sealing ring forms a cone.3. The regenerator of claim I wherein the sealing ring forms a plate4. The regenerator of claim I wherein the secondary seal further comprises an outer seal support ring secured to the inner surface of the shell , the outer seal support ring forming a lap joint with the at least one pivotable plate.5. The regenerator of wherein the secondary seal further comprises an inner seal support ring secured to the outer surface of the riser.6. The regenerator of claim 5 , wherein the inner seal support ring comprises at least one post.7. The regenerator of claim 6 , wherein the at least one pivotable plate includes an aperture to receive the at least one post claim 6 , and wherein the at least one post forms a pivot for the at least one pivotable plate.8. The regenerator of wherein the inner seal support ring includes plurality of posts claim 7 , and wherein the secondary ...

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Номер записи: 21
17-02-2022 дата публикации

Method for producing butadiene from ethanol with optimised in situ regeneration of the catalyst of the second reaction step

Номер: US20220048833A1
Автор: Jean-Christophe Gabelle, Kirill DROBYSHEV, Matthieu Rolland, Rejane Dastillung
Принадлежит: Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA, IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

The present invention relates to a process for producing butadiene from ethanol, in two reaction steps, comprising a step a) of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde and a step b) of conversion into butadiene, said step b) simultaneously implementing a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being equal to 4 or a multiple thereof, comprising a catalyst, said regeneration step comprising four successive regeneration phases, said step b) also implementing three regeneration loops.

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Номер записи: 22
30-01-2020 дата публикации

COMPOSITIONS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE CATALYSIS

Номер: US20200030779A1
Автор: CHUN ChangMin, Ide Matthew S., Skoulidas Anastasios I.
Принадлежит:

Ceramic compositions with catalytic activity are provided, along with methods for using such catalytic ceramic compositions. The ceramic compositions correspond to compositions that can acquire increased catalytic activity by cyclic exposure of the ceramic composition to reducing and oxidizing environments at a sufficiently elevated temperature. The ceramic compositions can be beneficial for use as catalysts in reaction environments involving swings of temperature and/or pressure conditions, such as a reverse flow reaction environment. Based on cyclic exposure to oxidizing and reducing conditions, the surface of the ceramic composition can be converted from a substantially fully oxidized state to various states including at least some dopant metal particles supported on a structural oxide surface. 1. A method for reforming a hydrocarbon-containing stream , comprising:exposing an initial composition comprising 0.1 wt % or more of at least one dopant metal oxide and 50 wt % to 99 wt % of one or more structural oxides, to a reducing environment comprising a temperature of 500° C. to 1400° C. to form a catalyst composition comprising dopant metal particles supported on the one or more structural oxides, the one or more dopant metals corresponding to dopant metal oxides having a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. that is greater than a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. for the one or more structural oxides by 200 kJ/mol or more, the particles of the one or more dopant metals having an average characteristic length of 10 μm or less, the dopant metal oxide comprising an oxide of Ni, Rh, Ru, Pd, Pt, Ir, or a combination thereof;exposing the catalyst composition to an oxidizing environment comprising a temperature of 500° C. to 1400° C.;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'exposing a hydrocarbon-containing stream to the catalyst composition in the presence of at least one of HO and COunder reforming conditions comprising a temperature of 500° C. or more to form a reformed ...

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Номер записи: 23
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Catalyzed Alkylation, Alkylation Catalysts, and Methods of Making Alkylation Catalysts

Номер: US20200031733A1
Автор: Eric Daniel Gauthier, Kelly Ann Coley, Mitrajit Mukherjee
Принадлежит: Exelus Inc

Improved alkylation catalysts, alkylation methods, and methods of making alkylation catalysts are described. The alkylation method comprises reaction over a solid acid, zeolite-based catalyst and can be conducted for relatively long periods at steady state conditions. The alkylation catalyst comprises a crystalline zeolite structure, a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less, less than 0.5 weight percent alkali metals, and further having a characteristic catalyst life property. Some catalysts may contain rare earth elements in the range of 10 to 35 wt %. One method of making a catalyst includes a calcination step following exchange of the rare earth element(s) conducted at a temperature of at least 575° C. to stabilize the resulting structure followed by an deammoniation treatment. An improved method of deammoniation uses low temperature oxidation.

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Номер записи: 24
09-02-2017 дата публикации

Process for rejuvenating hydrotreating catalysts

Номер: US20170036196A1
Автор: Guillaume VINCENT, James Dallas Seamans
Принадлежит: Catalyst Recovery Europe SA

The invention refers to a process for rejuvenating a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a group VIB hydrogenation metal and/or a group VIII hydrogenation metal, which comprises the steps of: (a) regenerating the catalyst by contacting said catalyst with an oxygen containing gas at a temperature from about 300° C. to 550° C. to obtain a regenerated carbon-reduced catalyst, (b) impregnating the regenerated carbon-reduced catalyst with a solution which consists of a mixture of water and citric acid, (c) aging the impregnated catalyst for at least 6 hours and (d) drying the aged catalyst. The invention also refers to the rejuvenated catalyst obtained and its use for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks.

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Номер записи: 25
09-02-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REJUVENATING HYDROTREATING CATALYST

Номер: US20170036202A1
Автор: SEAMANS James Dallas, VINCENT Guillaume
Принадлежит: CATALYST RECOVERY EUROPE S.A.

The invention refers to a process for rejuvenating a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a group VIB hydrogenation metal and/or a group VIII hydrogenation metal, which comprises the steps of: (a) regenerating the catalyst by contacting said catalyst with an oxygen containing gas at a temperature from about 300° C. to 550° C., (b) impregnating the regenerated carbon-reduced catalyst with an impregnation solution which comprises a mixture of water and a combination of MoOand HPO, (c) aging the impregnated catalyst and (d) drying the aged catalyst. The invention also refers to the rejuvenated catalyst obtained and its use for hydro-treating hydrocarbon feedstocks. 1. A process for rejuvenating a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a group VIB hydrogenation metal and/or a group VIII hydrogenation metal , which comprises the steps of:a) regenerating the catalyst by contacting said catalyst with an oxygen containing gas at a temperature from about 300° C. to 550° C.,{'sub': 3', '3', '4, 'b) impregnating the regenerated carbon-reduced catalyst with an impregnation solution comprising a mixture water and a combination of MoOand HPO,'}c) aging the impregnated catalyst andd) drying the aged catalyst.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the drying step d) is comprised from 80° C. to 200° C. and preferably is about 120° C.3. The process according to any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the content of carbon at the end of the regeneration step a) is inferior to 0.5 wt % based on the total weight of the catalyst.4. The process according to any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the concentration of MoOis comprised from 0.10 mol of MoO/mol of hydrogenation metals to 1.0 mol of MoO/mol of hydrogenation metals.5. The process according to any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the concentration of HPOis comprised from 0.10 mol of HPO/mol of hydrogenation metals to 1.0 mol of HPO/mol of hydrogenation metals.6. The process according to any ...

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Номер записи: 26
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Process for the regeneration of a titanium zeolite catalyst for propylene epoxidation

Номер: US20180036723A1
Автор: Alexander Schroeder, Andrei-Nicolae Parvulescu, Daniel Urbanczyk, Dominic RIEDEL, Joaquim Henrique Teles, Luise Spiske, Meinolf Weidenbach, Ulrich Mueller, Ulrike Wegerle, Werner J. Witzl
Принадлежит: BASF SE, Dow Global Technologies LLC

The invention relates to process for the regeneration of a catalyst comprising a titanium containing zeolite as catalytically active material comprising a stage comprising introducing a feed stream comprising propene, hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide source, and an organic solvent into a reactor containing a catalyst comprising the titanium containing zeolite, subjecting the feed stream in the reactor to epoxidation conditions in the presence of the catalyst, removing a product steam comprising propylene oxide and the organic solvent from the reactor, stopping introducing the feed stream, washing the catalyst with a liquid aqueous system and calcining the washed catalyst.

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Номер записи: 27
24-02-2022 дата публикации

Reactivated Hydroprocessing Catalysts for Use in Sulfur Abatement

Номер: US20220056349A1
Автор: Enderlin Alexander, Kincannon Pettus, McHugh Terence, Seamans James, Thompson John Wesley, Visioli Brian
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and compositions for providing catalysts for tail gas clean up in sulfur recovery operations. Aspects of the disclosure involve obtaining catalyst that was used in a first process, which is not a tailgas treating process and then using the so-obtained catalyst in a tailgas treating process. For example, the catalyst may originally be a hydroprocessing catalyst. A beneficial aspect of the disclosed methods and systems is that the re-use of spent hydroprocessing catalyst reduces hazardous waste generation by operators from spent catalyst disposal. Ultimately, this helps reduce the environmental impact of the catalyst life cycle. The disclosed methods and systems also provide an economically attractive source of high-performance catalyst for tailgas treatment, which benefits the spent catalyst generator, the catalyst provider, and the catalyst consumer. 1. A method of forming a reactivated catalyst for a tailgas treating process , the method comprising:obtaining a spent catalyst from a hydrotreating process, andreactivating the catalyst to form the reactivated catalyst, wherein{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'the reactivated catalyst, when contacted with a gas stream comprising one or more sulfur-containing species selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur (Sx), sulfur dioxide (SO), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and carbon disulfide (CS), is capable of catalyzing the conversion of the one or more sulfur-containing species to hydrogen sulfide (HS) in the presence of hydrogen (H).'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrotreating process is selected from the group consisting of petroleum hydrotreating processes claim 1 , hydrodesulfurization (HDS) claim 1 , hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) claim 1 , hydrogenation claim 1 , hydrodemetallization (HDM) claim 1 , naphtha hydrotreating (NHT) claim 1 , diesel hydrotreating (DHT) claim 1 , kerosene hydrotreating (KHT) claim 1 , jet fuel hydrotreating (JHT) claim 1 , atmospheric gas oil ...

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Номер записи: 28
06-02-2020 дата публикации

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION METHOD AND DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST REGENERATION METHOD

Номер: US20200038852A1
Автор: ICHIJO Tatsuya, KIMURA Nobuhiro, SEGAWA Atsushi
Принадлежит: JXTG NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

A method for producing an unsaturated hydrocarbon comprising: a dehydrogenation step of contacting a raw material gas containing at least one hydrocarbon selected from a group consisting of alkanes and olefins with a dehydrogenation catalyst containing a group 14 metal element and Pt to obtain a product gas containing at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of olefins and conjugated dienes, and a regeneration step of contacting the dehydrogenation catalyst subjected to the dehydrogenation step with a regenerating gas containing molecular oxygen under a temperature condition of 310 to 450° C. 1. A method for producing an unsaturated hydrocarbon comprising:a dehydrogenation step of contacting a raw material gas containing at least one hydrocarbon selected from a group consisting of alkanes and olefins with a dehydrogenation catalyst containing a group 14 metal element and Pt to obtain a product gas containing at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon selected from a group consisting of olefins and conjugated dienes, anda regeneration step of contacting the dehydrogenation catalyst subjected to the dehydrogenation step with a regenerating gas containing molecular oxygen under a temperature condition of 310 to 450° C.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the group 14 metal element includes Sn.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dehydrogenation catalyst is a catalyst in which a group 14 metal element and Pt are supported on a carrier using a metal source containing no chlorine atom.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material gas contains an alkane having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material gas contains an olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.6. A method of regenerating a dehydrogenation catalyst containing a group 14 metal element and Pt that has been used for a dehydrogenation reaction of a hydrocarbon claim 1 , the method comprising:a regeneration step of ...

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Номер записи: 29
18-02-2016 дата публикации

Methods of Regenerating Aromatization Catalysts

Номер: US20160045904A1
Автор: Wu An-Hsiang
Принадлежит:

Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst. The halogenation step can utilize fluorine and chlorine together, or fluorine and chlorine can be applied sequentially. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of treating a spent catalyst comprising platinum and a catalyst support , the method comprising:(i) contacting the spent catalyst with a pre-drying gas stream consisting essentially of an inert gas;(ii) contacting the spent catalyst with a chlorine-containing stream comprising a chlorine-containing compound to produce a chlorinated spent catalyst;(iii) contacting the chlorinated spent catalyst with a fluorine-containing stream comprising a fluorine-containing compound to produce a chlorinated-fluorinated spent catalyst;(iv) contacting the chlorinated-fluorinated spent catalyst with a purging stream consisting essentially of an inert gas; and(v) contacting the chlorinated-fluorinated spent catalyst with a decoking gas stream comprising oxygen to produce a de-coked catalyst.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the spent catalyst comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % platinum.23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the spent catalyst comprises:from about 0.5 to about 2 wt. % platinum;from about 0.025 wt. % to about 5 wt. % chlorine;from about 0.025 wt. % to about 5 wt. % fluorine; anda catalyst support comprising a bound medium and/or large pore zeolite and a support matrix.24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the pre-drying gas stream consists essentially of nitrogen.25. The method of claim 22 , wherein:step (ii) is conducted at a chlorination temperature in a range from about 25° C. to about 250° C.;a concentration of chlorine (Cl) in the chlorine-containing stream is in a range from about 50 to about 25,000 ppm by volume; and{'sub': '2', 'the chlorine-containing stream comprises Cland nitrogen, and is substantially free of ...

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Номер записи: 30
18-02-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REJUVENATION OF A USED HYDROTREATING CATALYST

Номер: US20160045910A1
Автор: AZGHAY Ali, GILTAY Patricia Johanna Anne Maria, RIGUTTO Marcello Stefano, VAN WELSENES Arend Jan, Winter Ferry
Принадлежит:

The invention provides a process for rejuvenation of a used hydrotreating catalyst comprising at least 8% wt of coke and one or more non-noble Group VIII and/or Group VIb metals, which process comprises the steps of: (i) removing coke from the used hydrotreating catalyst; and (ii) treating the catalyst obtained in step (i) with of from 2 to 60% wt of gluconic acid, based on weight of dry catalyst. 1. A process for rejuvenation of a used hydrotreating catalyst comprising at least 8% wt of coke and one or more non-noble Group VIII and/or Group VIb metals , which process comprises the steps of:(i) removing coke from the used hydrotreating catalyst; and(ii) treating the catalyst obtained in step (i) with of from 2 to 60% wt of gluconic acid, based on weight of dry catalyst.2. A process according to claim 1 , in which process coke is removed by contacting the used hydrotreating catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of from 200 to 750° C.3. A process according to claim 1 , in which process the catalyst obtained in step (i) contains of from 0 to 10% wt of coke.4. A process according to claim 1 , in which the solution is an aqueous solution containing of from 3 to 40% wt of gluconic acid.5. A process according to claim 1 , in which the carrier is alumina.6. A process according to claim 5 , in which the carrier is gamma alumina.7. A process according to claim 1 , in which the molar ratio of compound (I) to the total Group VIB and Group VIII metal content is of from 0.01 to 2.5.8. A process for hydrotreating a sulphur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock at a hydrogen partial pressure from 1 to 70 bar and a temperature of from 200 to 420° C. with a rejuvenated catalyst as obtained according to any one of the preceding claims.9. A process according to in which the fresh hydrotreating catalyst had been obtained by(a) treating a carrier with one or more Group VIB metal components and/or one or more Group ...

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Номер записи: 31
18-02-2021 дата публикации

Oxycombustion with co2 capture in reverse flow reactors

Номер: US20210047181A1
Автор: Anastasios I. Skoulidas, Brian M. Weiss, Everett J. O'NEAL
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Systems and methods are provided for using oxycombustion to provide heat within a reverse flow reactor environment. The oxygen for the oxycombustion can be provided by oxygen stored in an oxygen storage component in the reactor. By using an oxygen storage component to provide the oxygen for combustion during the regeneration step, heat can be added to a reverse flow reactor while reducing or minimizing addition of diluents and while avoiding the need for an air separation unit. As a result, a regeneration flue gas can be formed that is substantially composed of CO2 and/or H2O without requiring the additional cost of creating a substantially pure oxygen-containing gas flow.

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Номер записи: 32
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Method for rejuvenating a nonregenerated spent catalyst from a process for the hydrodesulfurization of gasolines

Номер: US20220062873A1
Автор: Elodie Devers, Etienne Girard, Philibert Leflaive
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

The invention relates to a process for the rejuvenation of an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a hydrotreating process, said at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a fresh catalyst comprising a metal from group VIII, a metal from group VIb, an oxide support, and optionally phosphorus, said at least partially spent catalyst additionally comprising carbon in a content of between 2% and 20% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the at least partially spent catalyst, and sulfur in a content of between 1% and 8% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the at least partially spent catalyst, said process comprising the following stages: a) said spent catalyst is brought into contact with an impregnation solution containing a compound comprising a metal from group VIb, b) a drying stage is carried out at a temperature of less than 200° C.

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Номер записи: 33
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Method for rejuvenating a catalyst of a hydroprocessing and/or hydrocracking process

Номер: US20220062874A1
Автор: Elodie Devers
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

The invention concerns a method for rejuvenating an at least partially used catalyst originating from a hydroprocessing and/or hydrocracking process, the at least partially used catalyst being derived from a fresh catalyst comprising at least one group VIII metal (in particular, Co), at least one group VIB metal (in particular, Mo), an oxide support, and optionally phosphorus, the method comprising the steps: a) regenerating the at least partially used catalyst in a gas stream containing oxygen at a temperature between 300° C. and 550° C. so as to obtain a regenerated catalyst, b) then placing the regenerated catalyst in contact with phosphoric acid and an organic acid, each having acidity constant pKa greater than 1.5, c) performing a drying step at a temperature less than 200° C. without subsequently calcining it, so as to obtain a rejuvenated catalyst.

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Номер записи: 34
03-03-2022 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON CONVERSION PROCESS WITH RECYCLING OF REDUCTION EFFLUENTS

Номер: US20220064549A1
Автор: ALLAIN Florent, Dandeu Aurelie
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention relates to the field of the conversion of hydrocarbons and more particularly to that of catalytic reforming. A subject matter of the invention is a process employing at least two reaction zones, two reduction zones and one regeneration zone, and in which the effluents from the reduction zones are recycled, at least in part, at the top of each reaction zone.

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Номер записи: 35
14-02-2019 дата публикации

SUPPORTED CATALYST AND METHOD OF PRODUCING FIBROUS CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES

Номер: US20190046959A1
Автор: HONGO Takayoshi, KAWABATA Kosuke, Noda Suguru
Принадлежит:

A supported catalyst comprises: a support that is particulate; and a composite layer laminate formed outside the support and including two or more composite layers, wherein each of the composite layers includes a catalyst portion containing a catalyst and a metal compound portion containing a metal compound, the support contains 10 mass % or more of each of Al and Si, and a volume-average particle diameter of the support is 50 μm or more and 400 μm or less. 1. A supported catalyst , comprising:a support that is particulate; anda composite layer laminate formed outside the support,wherein the composite layer laminate is composed of n composite layers, where n is an integer of 2 or more,each of the composite layers in the composite layer laminate includes a catalyst portion containing a catalyst and a metal compound portion containing a metal compound,the support contains 10 mass % or more of each of Al and Si, anda volume-average particle diameter of the support is 50 μm or more and 400 μm or less.2. The supported catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein the metal compound portion contains 10 mass % or more of Al.3. The supported catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein the catalyst portion contains at least metal of any of Fe, Co, and Ni.4. The supported catalyst according to any one of claim 1 ,wherein the composite layer in the composite layer laminate includes a metal compound layer which is the metal compound portion in layer form, a catalyst layer which is the catalyst portion in layer form, and/or a mixed layer in which the metal compound and the catalyst coexist.5. The supported catalyst according to claim 4 ,wherein a catalyst metal equivalent thickness of the catalyst contained in the composite layer is 0.1 nm or more and 10 nm or less per one composite layer.6. The supported catalyst according to claim 4 ,wherein a metal compound equivalent thickness of the metal compound contained in the composite layer is 1 nm or more and 1 μm or less per one composite layer ...

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Номер записи: 36
14-02-2019 дата публикации

CATALYST REGENERATION

Номер: US20190046968A1
Автор: Barton David Gordon, Luo Lin, MALEK Andrzej
Принадлежит: Dow Global Technologies LLC

The present disclosure provides an air-soak containing regeneration process reducing its time. The process includes (i) removing surface carbon species from a gallium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst in a combustion process in the presence of a fuel gas; (ii) conditioning the gallium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst after (i) in air-soak treatment at a temperature of 660° C. to 850° C. with (iii) a flow of oxygen-containing gas having (iv) 0.1 to 100 parts per million by volume (ppmv) of a chlorine source selected from chlorine, a chlorine compound or a combination thereof; and achieving a predetermined alkane conversion percentage for the gallium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst undergoing the air-soak containing regeneration process using (i) through (iv) 10% to 50% sooner in air-soak treatment than that required to achieve the same predetermined alkane conversion percentage for the gallium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst undergoing the air-soak containing regeneration process using (i) through (iii), but without (iv). 1. A method of reducing a time of an air-soak treatment in a regeneration process , comprising:(i) removing surface carbon species from a gallium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst in a combustion process using a fuel gas;(ii) conditioning the gallium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst after (i) in the air-soak treatment at a temperature of 660 degree Celsius (° C.) to 850° C. with (iii) a flow of oxygen-containing gas having (iv) 0.1 to 100 parts per million by volume (ppmv) of a chlorine source selected from chlorine, a chlorine compound or a combination thereof; andachieving a predetermined alkane conversion percentage for the gallium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst undergoing the air-soak containing regeneration process using (i) through (iv) at least 10% to 50% sooner in air-soak treatment than a time required to achieve the same predetermined alkane conversion percentage for the gallium-based alkane ...

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Номер записи: 37
14-02-2019 дата публикации

LEAD SULFIDE AS ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST

Номер: US20190047921A1
Автор: HØJLUND NIELSEN Poul Erik, LEMUS-YEGRES Lived J., NIELSEN Rasmus Munksgård
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

A catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes comprises lead(II) sulfide (PbS) as catalytically active material supported on a carrier. The dehydrogenation is carried out at a temperature between 500 and 650° C. and at a pressure from 0.5 bar below ambient pressure to 5 bar above ambient pressure. 1. A catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes , said catalyst comprising a catalytically active material supported on a carrier , wherein the catalytically active material is lead(II) sulfide (PbS) , and wherein the catalyst is regenerated in several steps.2. Catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the steps for regeneration comprise (a) oxidation in dilute air claim 1 , (b) conversion into the corresponding sulfate claim 1 , and (c) conversion back to the sulfide by reduction in dilute hydrogen containing some hydrogen sulfide.3. Catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the oxidation in step (a) is carried out at a temperature between 350 and 750° C.4. Catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier is treated with a dilute alkali compound and subsequently washed to remove acid sites.5. Catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein the dilute alkali compound is potassium carbonate or any other potassium compound.6. A process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to the corresponding unsaturated alkenes and hydrogen (H) comprising contacting the alkane with a catalyst according to supported on a carrier claim 1 , said catalyst comprising lead(II) sulfide (PbS).7. Process according to claim 6 , wherein the dehydrogenation is carried out at a temperature between 500 and 650° C.8. Process according to claim 6 , wherein the dehydrogenation is carried out at a pressure from 0.5 bar below ambient pressure to 5 bar above ambient pressure.9. Process according to claim 8 , wherein the dehydrogenation is carried out at ambient pressure or at a pressure from 0.5 bar below ambient pressure up to ambient pressure.10. Process according to claim 6 , wherein the feed ...

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Номер записи: 38
13-02-2020 дата публикации

Processes for controlling the partial regeneration of spent catalyst from an mto reaction

Номер: US20200047174A1
Автор: John J. Senetar
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A method of controlling the regeneration of spent catalyst from an oxygenate-to-olefin reaction zone in order to provide a partially regenerated catalyst. The partially regenerated catalyst has between 1 to 4, or 1 to 3, or, 2 to 3 wt % coke. The regeneration is controlled by adjusting a ratio of air to recycled flue gas in the combustion gas passed to the regeneration zone. CO in the flue gas is removed in a CO oxidation zone which receives oxygen to oxidize CO to CO 2 .

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Номер записи: 39
10-03-2022 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REGENERATING HYDROGENATION CATALYST

Номер: US20220072518A1
Автор: Jeon Bong Sik, KIM Jeong Kwon, Myeong Wan Jae, YOOK Sun Woo
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for regenerating a dicarboxylic acid or carboxylic acid hydrogenation catalyst, and more particularly, to a method for regenerating a hydrogenation catalyst to be used in a reaction of converting a dicarboxylic acid group into a diol group. The present invention provides an effect of regenerating a catalyst deactivated by the deposition of esters to be produced in a reaction of converting a dicarboxylic acid group into a diol group. 1. A method for regenerating a catalyst used in a hydrogenation reaction of carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester , the method comprising the steps of:(a) adding a used catalyst to an organic solvent and washing the catalyst while stirring the catalyst;(b) separating and recovering the catalyst by filtering after the washing; and(c) drying and reactivating the separated and recovered catalyst.2. A method for regenerating a catalyst used in a hydrogenation reaction of carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester , the method comprising the steps of:(i) adding a used catalyst and a solvent to a reactor;(ii) replacing a composition of gas inside the reactor with hydrogen; and(iii) reactivating the catalyst by performing a hydrothermal hydrogenation reaction while stirring under a condition in which a reactor internal temperature is 100-400° C. and a hydrogen gas pressure is 1-20 Mpa.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of acetone claim 1 , pyridine claim 1 , hexafluoroisopropanol claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , cyclohexane claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , and dichloromethane.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (a) of washing the catalyst while stirring the catalyst is performed at 0-150° C. for 0.15-12 hours.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drying in the step (c) is performed at a temperature of 40-200° C.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solvent in the step (i) ...

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Номер записи: 40
10-03-2022 дата публикации

CATALYTIC METHANE DECOMPOSITION AND CATALYST REGENERATION, METHODS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20220073345A1
Автор: DIAS CATARINO Margarida, MAGALHAES MENDES Adelio Miguel, MATEOS PEDRERO Cecilia
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a low temperature method for the production of pure hydrogen using a methane rich stream as raw material, and to perform in-situ catalyst regeneration. The process involves the decomposition of methane into COx-free hydrogen in an electrochemical/chemical membrane/chemical reactor or chemical fluidised reactor. As the methane decomposition reaction progresses, carbon structures (whiskers) are accumulated at the catalyst surface leading eventually to its deactivation. The catalyst regeneration is achieved using a small fraction of the produced hydrogen to react with carbon formed at the catalyst surface provoking the carbon detachment, thus regenerating the catalyst. This is achieved either by chemical/electrochemical methanation of carbon at the catalyst interface with hydrogen/protons or by rising the temperature of the catalyst, ideally keeping the reactor temperature constant. A single compact device is described, enabling the hydrogen production, hydrogen purification and catalyst regeneration. 1. A process for producing hydrogen comprising:feeding a methane rich stream to a chemical or electrochemical reactor, wherein the chemical reactor comprises a catalyst supported in a ceramic membrane or in a ceramic bed;contacting the methane rich stream with the catalyst at a selected temperature to produce hydrogen and solid carbon; andadding a regenerating stream to react at the catalyst interface with deposited carbon for catalyst regeneration.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chemical reactor is selected from the group consisting of: a membrane reactor claim 1 , a packed bed reactor claim 1 , and a fluidised bed reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the regenerating stream is a hydrogen pure stream.4. (canceled)5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio between the hydrogen pure stream and the produced hydrogen varies 5:95-15:85; 3:97-10:90.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a previous step of ...

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Номер записи: 41
21-02-2019 дата публикации

SULFIDE-BASED ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION CATALYSTS

Номер: US20190054453A1
Автор: HØJLUND NIELSEN Poul Erik, LEMUS-YEGRES Lived J., NIELSEN Rasmus Munksgård
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

A catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes comprises a catalytically active material supported on a carrier, wherein the catalytically active material is a metallic sulfide (MeS) comprising Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo or W or any combination of two or more metals selected from Pb, Sn, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo and W. The catalyst is regenerated in several steps. The dehydrogenation is carried out at a temperature between 450 and 650° C. and a pressure from 0.9 bar below ambient pressure to 5 bar above ambient pressure. 1. A catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes , said catalyst comprising a catalytically active material supported on a carrier , wherein the catalytically active material comprises a metallic sulfide (MeS) , which is a semiconductor , and wherein the catalyst is regenerated in several steps.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal of the metallic sulfide comprises Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mo or W or any combination of two or more metals selected from Pb claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mo and W.3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the steps for regeneration comprise oxidation in dilute air claim 1 , conversion of the sulfide into the corresponding sulfate and conversion back to the sulfide by reduction in dilute hydrogen containing some hydrogen sulfide.4. The catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein the oxidation in dilute air is carried out at a temperature between 350 and 750° C.5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier is treated with a dilute alkali compound and subsequently washed to remove acid sites.6. The catalyst according to claim 5 , wherein the dilute alkali compound is potassium carbonate or any other potassium compound.7. A process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to the corresponding unsaturated alkenes and hydrogen (H) comprising contacting the alkane with a catalyst according to claim 1 , said ...

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Номер записи: 42
01-03-2018 дата публикации

REACTIVATING PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST

Номер: US20180057422A1
Автор: Capone Guido, Clark Howard W., Coffey Duncan P., Domke Susan, JR. Albert E., Luo Lin, Malek Andrzej M., Mbaraka Isa K., Pierce Richard A., Pretz Matthew, Schweizer, Stears Brien A., Stewart Mark W.
Принадлежит:

Increase propane dehydrogenation activity of a partially deactivated dehydrogenation catalyst by heating the partially deactivated catalyst to a temperature of at least 660° C., conditioning the heated catalyst in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and, optionally, stripping molecular oxygen from the conditioned catalyst. 1. A process for dehydrogenating an alkane , the process comprising:a. placing an alkane in operative contact with a heated alkane dehydrogenation catalyst in a reactor, the alkane dehydrogenation catalyst comprising a Group VIII noble metal and a Group IIIA metal;b. removing from the reactor a partially deactivated catalyst, wherein at least a portion of the partially deactivated catalyst has coke deposited thereon; (1) heating at least a portion of the partially deactivated catalyst in a regenerator to a temperature of at least 660 degrees Celsius using heat at least partially generated by combusting a fuel source, wherein the fuel source is not the coke, said heating yielding a heated, further deactivated dehydrogenation catalyst which has an alkane dehydrogenation activity that is less than that of the partially deactivated catalyst; and', '(2) subjecting at least a portion of the heated, further deactivated catalyst to a conditioning step which comprises maintaining at least a portion of the heated, further deactivated dehydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of at least 660 degrees Celsius while exposing at least a portion of the heated, further deactivated dehydrogenation catalyst to a flow of an oxygen-containing gas for a period of time greater than two minutes to yield an oxygen-containing reactivated dehydrogenation catalyst that has an activity for dehydrogenating alkane that is greater than that of either the partially deactivated catalyst or the heated, further deactivated catalyst., 'c. rejuvenating at least a portion of the partially deactivated catalyst, yielding a rejuvenated dehydrogenation catalyst, by2. The process of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 43
17-03-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF SULFUR-CONTAINING OLEFINIC GASOLINE CUTS USING A REGENERATED CATALYST

Номер: US20220081627A1
Автор: Devers Elodie, GIRARD Etienne, LEFLAIVE Philibert
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The invention relates to a process for the hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut in which said gasoline cut, hydrogen and a regenerated catalyst are brought into contact, said process being carried out at a temperature of between 200° C. and 400° C., a total pressure of between 1 and 3 MPa, an hourly space velocity, defined as being the flow rate by volume of feedstock relative to the volume of catalyst, of between 1 and 10 h; and a hydrogen/gasoline feedstock ratio by volume of between 100 and 1200 Sl/l, said regenerated catalyst resulting from an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a process for the hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut and comprises at least one metal from group VIII, at least one metal from group VIb and an oxide support. 1. A process for the hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut in which said gasoline cut , hydrogen and a regenerated catalyst are brought into contact , said process being carried out at a temperature of between 200° C. and 400° C. , a total pressure of between 1 and 3 MPa , an hourly space velocity , defined as being the flow rate by volume of feedstock relative to the volume of catalyst , of between 1 and 10 hand a hydrogen/gasoline feedstock ratio by volume of between 100 and 1200 Sl/l , said regenerated catalyst resulting from an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a process for the hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut , said regenerated catalyst comprises at least one metal from group VIII , at least one metal from group VIb and an oxide support.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the regenerated catalyst has a content of metal from group VIb of between 1% and 20% by weight of oxide of said metal from group VIb claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the regenerated catalyst claim 1 , and a content of metal from group VIII of between 0.1% and 10% by weight of oxide of ...

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Номер записи: 44
10-03-2016 дата публикации

CATALYST REGENERATORS AND METHODS FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS

Номер: US20160067701A1
Автор: Davydov Lev, Mostofi-Ashtiani Mohammad Reza, Palmas Paolo
Принадлежит:

Catalyst regenerators and methods of their use are provided. A catalyst regenerator includes a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber diameter and a combustion chamber bottom. A mixing chamber is fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber at the combustion chamber bottom, where the mixing chamber has an exterior wall and a mixing chamber diameter less than the combustion chamber diameter. A first and second catalyst inlet are fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber, and a mixing cylinder is within the mixing chamber. The mixing cylinder and the exterior wall define an annular space there-between, and the mixing cylinder includes a cylinder opening. 1. A catalyst regenerator comprising:a combustion chamber having a combustion chamber diameter and a combustion chamber bottom;a mixing chamber fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber at the combustion chamber bottom, wherein the mixing chamber has an exterior wall and a mixing chamber diameter less than the combustion chamber diameter;a first catalyst inlet fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber;a second catalyst inlet fluidly coupled to the mixing chamber; anda mixing cylinder within the mixing chamber, wherein the mixing cylinder and the exterior wall define an annular space there-between, and wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder opening.2. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the cylinder opening extends from below a lower most portion of the first catalyst inlet to above an upper most portion of the first catalyst inlet.3. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder top that is closed claim 1 , and wherein the cylinder opening terminates below the cylinder top.4. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the mixing cylinder comprises a cylinder wall section claim 1 , and wherein the cylinder wall section is positioned facing the first catalyst inlet and the second catalyst inlet.5. The catalyst regenerator of wherein the cylinder opening faces one of the first catalyst inlet ...

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Номер записи: 45
10-03-2016 дата публикации

REGENERATOR FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS UNDER DIFFERENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

Номер: US20160068766A1
Автор: BAZER-BACHI Frederic, LAMBERT Fabian, LEMAIRE Eric
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention concerns a moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction, said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel, in which particles of catalyst move under gravity, in which each regeneration zone comprises, in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move: 112. A moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction , said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel , in which particles of catalyst move under gravity , in which each regeneration zone comprises , in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move:a) a combustion section (CO);b) an oxychlorination section (O) disposed below the combustion section and comprising means for bringing catalyst from the combustion section (CO) to the oxychlorination section (O);c) a calcining section (CA) disposed below the oxychlorination section;characterized in that the regeneration zones are separated from each other by a separation means which is impermeable to catalysts and to gases in a manner such that the catalysts of each of the zones are capable of being regenerated under different operating conditions.2. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections comprises an annular space defined by two sieves which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts in which the catalyst moves under gravity.330309934. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections is formed by a portion of an annular space () claim 1 , the annular space () being defined by two sieves ( claim 1 , ′) which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts and divided into portions by separation means () which are impermeable to catalysts and to gas.4. The regenerator according to claim 2 , in which the sieves are selected from a ...

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Номер записи: 46
17-03-2016 дата публикации

Apparatuses and methods for cooling catalyst

Номер: US20160074825A1
Автор: Ashim Mandal, Syed Basheer UMAR
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Apparatuses and methods for cooling catalyst are provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus for cooling catalyst includes a catalyst cooler vessel having a catalyst inlet for receiving catalyst. The apparatus includes a gas distributor lance positioned in the catalyst cooler vessel and having a gas outlet configured for injecting gas into the catalyst. The apparatus also includes a heat exchange tube positioned in the catalyst cooler vessel and having an outer surface. The heat exchange tube is configured to transfer heat from the catalyst to a heat exchange fluid. The apparatus further includes a hard surfacing material located on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube.

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Номер записи: 47
16-03-2017 дата публикации

Method of Improving Metal-impregnated Catalyst Performance

Номер: US20170072392A1
Автор: Detjen Todd E., LOONEY David B., MOHR Gary D., Tinger Robert G.
Принадлежит:

A method of reducing the amount of carbon monoxide present during the metal reduction step of start-up, thus, maintaining metal dispersion and improving the metal reduction and catalyst yields. Carbon monoxide formation is minimized during the start-up procedure and during the initial catalyst dryout phase in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere, gas is purged from the reactor system, either continuously at constant pressure or by a series of pressure/depressure cycles, to remove carbon monoxide. The purging is conducted at temperatures of about 30-500° C. and pressures of about −90-5,000 kPa(g) (−0.9-50 bar(g)). In this temperature range, carbon monoxide absorbed to the surface of the metal will desorb into the hydrogen-containing atmosphere and can be removed from the system along with carbon monoxide present in the atmosphere through the purging. 1. A method of desorbing carbon monoxide from metal-impregnated catalysts , the method comprising purging gas from the catalyst reactor system at about 30-500° C. and about −90 kPa(g)-5 ,000 kPa(g) while the catalyst is in the presence of hydrogen by performing at least two pressure/depressure cycles , wherein said metal comprises platinum in an amount less than about 0.05 wt % , and wherein said purging reduces the carbon monoxide concentration in the catalyst reactor system to about 1 ppm or less.2. (canceled)3. The method of wherein said hydrogen comprises about 0.3 ppm or less of carbon monoxide.4. The method of wherein said pressure/depressure cycle comprises pressurizing the catalyst reactor system to at least about 500 kPa(g) with a gas containing about 0.3 ppm or less of carbon monoxide and subsequently depressurizing the catalyst reactor system to about 200 kPa(g) or less.5. The method of wherein said gas comprises nitrogen or hydrogen.6. The method of wherein said pressure/depressure cycle is repeated four times.7. The method of wherein the catalyst reactor system is depressured to about 200 kPa(g) or less prior to ...

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Номер записи: 48
05-03-2020 дата публикации

Catalytically active compositions of matter

Номер: US20200070127A1
Автор: Andreas GÖRLING, Hans-Peter STEINRÜCK, Jonas DEBUSCHEWITZ, Nicola Taccardi, Peter Wasserscheid
Принадлежит: Friedrich Alexander Univeritaet Erlangen Nuernberg FAU

The present invention pertains to the field of catalyst and catalytic reactions. Specifically, the invention provides for new catalytically active compositions of matter, to methods of manufacturing them and to the use of such compositions.

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Номер записи: 49
18-03-2021 дата публикации

USE OF A FUEL OIL WASH TO REMOVE CATALYST FROM A FLUIDIZED-BED PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION REACTOR EFFLUENT

Номер: US20210077967A1
Автор: Caton Jeffrey Donald, Reyneke Rian, Urquiaga Jose Manuel, Vu Truc
Принадлежит: Kellogg Brown & Root LLC

A process where external fuel oil is used to wash entrained catalyst from a fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent, where the fuel oil and catalyst mixture is returned to the reactor to provide the net fuel required for catalyst regeneration. Optionally the fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent and the fuel oil are contacted in a direct contact inline device before entering a flash zone in the reactor vessel. 1. A method for recovering catalyst from a fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent gas , the method comprising:(a) cooling fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent gas;(b) contacting the cooled effluent gas with fuel oil in a wash section to wash out catalyst to obtain a cooled effluent gas essentially free of catalyst;(c) withdrawing an oil-catalyst slurry from the wash section and circulating the oil-catalyst slurry through a filter thereby removing catalyst from the fuel oil giving filtered wash oil;(d) returning filtered wash oil to the wash section as recirculated wash oil; and(e) backwashing the filter thereby recovering catalyst.2. The method of where the contacting and returning steps are effected in a quench tower comprising vapor-liquid contact elements and a bottoms zone holding a fuel oil inventory.3. The method of further comprising cooling the recirculated wash oil before the contacting step.4. The method of where circulating the oil-catalyst slurry through a filter comprises continuously passing the oil-catalyst slurry through at least one first filter in a filtration mode to separate the catalyst therefrom giving filtrate while at least one second filter in parallel with the first filter is in a backwashing mode thereby removing the separated catalyst therefrom.5. The method of further comprising returning filtrate from the first filter to the fuel oil inventory.6. The method of where the backwashing of the at least one filter further comprises periodically alternating the at least ...

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Номер записи: 50
12-03-2020 дата публикации

REGENERATION OF DEHYDROAROMATIZATION OF CATALYST WITH CONSTANT CONVERSION

Номер: US20200078775A1
Автор: GAJULA SREENIVASARAO, KOTTAVARITHOTTIL ZIYAD, Kumar Amit, MUPPARAJU ESWARA RAO
Принадлежит:

A method for dehydroaromatization of methane, comprising: introducing methane and carbon dioxide into an aromatization reactor; converting a portion of the methane to aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of a dehydroaromatization catalyst at a temperature of 700 to 850° C.; regenerating the dehydroaromatization catalyst with hydrogen at a regeneration temperature of 700 to 800° C.; and repeating the introducing, the converting and the regenerating; wherein after every 2 to 5 cycles of the regenerating, increasing the regeneration temperature by 5 to 15° C. 1. A method for dehydroaromatization of methane , comprising:introducing a feed stream of methane and carbon dioxide to an aromatization reactor;converting a portion of the methane to aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of a dehydroaromatization catalyst, preferably Mo-HZSM-5 catalyst;regenerating the dehydroaromatization catalyst with hydrogen at a regeneration temperature of 700 to 800° C.;repeating the introducing, the converting and the regenerating; andperiodically increasing the regeneration temperature by 5 to 15° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is regenerated only with hydrogen.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature is increased after a decrease in conversion percentage of 5 to 20.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature is increased after every 2 to 8 cycles of the regenerating.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting is initially at a temperature of 700 to 780° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises greater than 90 vol % methane and 0.05 to 3 vol % carbon dioxide claim 1 , based upon a 100 vol % of the feed stream.71. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatization reactor is a fixed bed reactor.8. The method of any claim 1 ,wherein the dehydroaromatization catalyst is carburized before being used in the aromatization reactor;wherein the reaction temperature is increased after a decrease in conversion ...

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Номер записи: 51
12-03-2020 дата публикации

A CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR CO-PRODUCTION OF BENZENE, ETHYLENE, AND HYDROGEN

Номер: US20200078778A1
Автор: CHEN Ye-Mon, Lauritzen Ann Marie, LEE Chi Chiang
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of benzene and ethylene from an alkane-containing gas stream. The alkane-containing gas stream may be contacted, in a reaction zone of a reactor under alkane aromatization conditions, with an aromatization catalyst including any combination of fresh, spent, and regenerated catalyst to produce an outlet stream including (i) spent catalyst and (ii) a product mixture including benzene and ethylene. The spent catalyst may be regenerated in a regeneration zone under regeneration conditions to produce the regenerated catalyst. A selected amount of fresh catalyst may be added to the regeneration zone to produce the mixture of fresh catalyst and regenerated catalyst, which may be recycled to the reaction zone. A ratio of benzene to ethylene in the product mixture may be controlled by modifying the alkane aromatization conditions, the regeneration conditions, and/or the selected amount of fresh catalyst added to the regeneration zone. 1. A process for the production of benzene and ethylene from an alkane-containing gas stream , which alkane-containing gas stream contains at least one alkane selected from the group consisting of ethane , propane or butane , comprising:(a) contacting the alkane-containing gas stream, in a reaction zone of a reactor under alkane aromatization conditions, with an aromatization catalyst comprising a mixture of fresh catalyst and regenerated catalyst to produce an outlet stream comprising (i) spent catalyst and (ii) a product mixture comprising benzene and ethylene,(b) separating the spent catalyst from the product mixture in the outlet stream,(c) regenerating the separated spent catalyst in a regeneration zone under regeneration conditions to produce the regenerated catalyst,(d) adding a selected amount of fresh catalyst to the regeneration zone to produce the mixture of fresh catalyst and regenerated catalyst,(e) recycling the mixture of fresh catalyst and regenerated catalyst to the reaction zone, and(f) controlling ...

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Номер записи: 52
31-03-2022 дата публикации

STEAM-ENHANCED CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCARBONS TO PRODUCE LIGHT OLEFINS

Номер: US20220098493A1
Автор: Akah Aaron, Al-Ghrami Musaed Salem, XU QI
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

A steam-assisted catalytic cracking process for a hydrocarbon feed is provided. The process includes: introducing the hydrocarbon feed, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, and steam to a FCC reactor with a mass ratio of steam to hydrocarbon feed between 0.05 and 1.0; cracking the hydrocarbon feed in the presence of the FCC catalyst and steam to produce a cracked hydrocarbon feed and spent FCC catalyst, the spent FCC catalyst comprising coke deposits and hydrocarbon deposits; stripping the hydrocarbon deposits from the spent FCC catalyst with steam in a stripper to obtain a hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst; regenerating the hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst in a regenerator by subjecting the stripped spent FCC catalyst to heat in the presence of oxygen to combust the coke deposits on the stripped spent FCC catalyst and produce a regenerated FCC catalyst; recycling the regenerated FCC catalyst. 1. A steam-assisted catalytic cracking process for obtaining light olefin products from a hydrocarbon feed , the steam-assisted catalytic cracking process comprising the steps of:introducing the hydrocarbon feed, a modified fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, and steam to a downflow FCC reactor with a mass ratio of steam to hydrocarbon feed that is between 0.05 and 1.0;cracking the hydrocarbon feed in the presence of the modified FCC catalyst and steam in the downflow FCC reactor at a cracking temperature to produce a cracked hydrocarbon feed and spent FCC catalyst, the cracked hydrocarbon feed comprising light olefin products and the spent FCC catalyst comprising coke deposits and hydrocarbon deposits;stripping the hydrocarbon deposits from the spent FCC catalyst with steam in a stripper to obtain a hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst;regenerating the hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst in a regenerator by subjecting the stripped spent FCC catalyst to heat in the presence of oxygen to combust the coke deposits on the stripped spent FCC catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 53
12-06-2014 дата публикации

Process for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of N-Butenes to Butadiene

Номер: US20140163290A1
Автор: Christian Walsdorff, Philipp Grüne, Wolfgang Rüttinger
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The invention relates to a process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butenes to butadiene, which comprises two or more production steps (i) and at least one regeneration step (ii), in which (i) in one production step, a starting gas mixture comprising n-butenes is mixed with an oxygen-comprising gas and brought into contact with a multimetal oxide catalyst which comprises at least molybdenum and a further metal and is arranged in a fixed catalyst bed in a fixed-bed reactor at a temperature of from 220 to 490° C., and, before the relative decrease in conversion at constant temperature is >25%, (ii) in a regeneration step, the multimetal oxide catalyst is regenerated by passing an oxygen-comprising regeneration gas mixture at a temperature of from 200 to 450° C. over the fixed catalyst bed and burning off the carbon deposited on the catalyst, where a regeneration step (ii) is carried out between two production steps (i), wherein from 2 to 50% by weight of the carbon deposited on the catalyst is burnt off per regeneration step (ii).

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Номер записи: 54
02-04-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REGENERATING A COKED CATALYTIC CRACKING CATALYST

Номер: US20150094201A1
Автор: BOON Andries Quirin Maria, GOSSELINK Johan Willem, HARRIS John William, JANSSEN Andries Hendrik, SCHAVERIEN Colin John, WAY Nicolaas Wilhelmus Joseph
Принадлежит:

A process for regenerating a coked catalytic cracking catalyst which the carbon-containing deposits on the catalyst contains at least 1 wt % bio-carbon, based on the total weight of carbon present in the carbon-containing deposits is provided. Such coked catalytic cracking catalyst is contacted with an oxygen containing gas at a temperature of equal to or more than 550° C. in a regenerator to produce a regenerated catalytic cracking catalyst, heat and carbon dioxide. 1. A process for regenerating a coked catalytic cracking catalyst , comprising contacting the coked catalytic cracking catalyst with an oxygen containing gas at a temperature of equal to or more than 550° C. in a regenerator to produce a regenerated catalytic cracking catalyst , heat and carbon dioxide , wherein the coked catalytic cracking catalyst comprises carbon-containing deposits , which carbon-containing deposits comprise at least 1 wt % bio-carbon , based on the total weight of carbon present in the carbon-containing deposits.2. The process of wherein the oxygen-containing gas comprises more than 21 vol. % oxygen claim 1 , based on the total volume of the oxygen-containing gas.3. The process of wherein the coked catalytic cracking catalyst is produced by contacting a solid biomass material with a catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of more than 400° C. in a catalytic cracking reactor.4. The process of wherein the coked catalytic cracking catalyst is produced by contacting the biomass material and a fluid hydrocarbon feed with a catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of equal to or more than 400° C. in a catalytic cracking reactor claim 1 , wherein the catalytic cracking reactor is a riser reactor and the biomass material is supplied to the riser reactor upstream of the fluid hydrocarbon feed.5. The process of wherein the biomass material is a solid biomass material.6. The process of wherein the coked catalytic cracking catalyst is contacted with the oxygen containing gas in the ...

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Номер записи: 55
19-06-2014 дата публикации

Xylene Isomerization Process and Catalyst Therefor

Номер: US20140171293A1
Автор: April D. Ross, Doron Levin, John D. Ou, Mohan Kalyanaraman, Wenyih F. Lai
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

The invention concerns a xylenes isomerization process for the production of equilibrium or near-equilibrium xylenes. The process utilizes a catalyst comprising HZSM-5 or MCM-49 and process conditions including a temperature of less than 295° C. and a pressure sufficient to maintain the xylenes in liquid phase. In embodiments, the process can be operated in a continuous mode with ppm levels of dissolved H 2 in the feed and in other embodiments in a cyclic mode without the H 2 in feed but with periodic regenerations using a feed having low ppm levels of H 2 .

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Номер записи: 56
12-05-2022 дата публикации

Method of reactivating catalyst

Номер: US20220143584A1
Автор: Khalid Karim, Shahid Azam, Srikant Gopal, Turki AL-SMARI
Принадлежит: SABIC Global Technologies BV

Systems and methods for using and regenerating a catalyst for producing acetic acid from ethane are disclosed. Feed stream comprising ethane and an oxidant including oxygen is flowed to a reactor, in which a catalyst comprising MoVNbPd oxide is disposed. The ethane and the oxidant are reacted in presence of the catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce acetic acid. When the catalyst's ability to catalyze the reaction between the ethane and the oxidant is reduced by a predetermined percentage, the flow of the feed stream to the reactor is ceased. A regenerating gas stream is flowed through the reactor to contact the regenerating gas stream with the catalyst under operating conditions to increase the catalyst's ability to catalyze the reaction between the ethane and the oxidant.

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Номер записи: 57
01-04-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR OPERATING A HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE TUBULAR REACTOR

Номер: US20210095211A1
Автор: Arora Ravi, Fitzgerald Sean, Neagle Paul, Perry Steven, Robinson Jason, ROBOTA Heinz, SCHUBERT Paul, SILVA Laura, STEYNBERG Andre, YANG Bin
Принадлежит:

The present technology is directed to processes for conversion of synthesis gas in a tubular reactor to produce a synthetic product that utilizes high activity carbon monoxide hydrogenation catalysts and a heat transfer structure that surprisingly provides for higher per pass conversion with high selectivity for the desired synthetic product without thermal runaway. 114-. (canceled)15. A tubular reactor comprising:one or more reactor tubes including a tube inlet;a tube outlet located downstream of the tube inlet;an inner tube wall defining an interior of the one or more reactor tubes;an outer tube wall defining an exterior of the one or more reactor tubes;a volume of a catalyst provided in at least one section within the interior of the one or more reactor tubes; anda heat transfer structure provided within the interior of the one or more reactor tubes, the heat transfer structure being in conductive thermal contact with a portion of the catalyst and in at least partial conductive thermal contact with the inner tube wall throughout a surface area of the inner tube wall in the at least one section containing the catalyst;a reactor inlet in fluid communication with the one or more reactor tubes; anda reactor outlet located downstream of the reactor inlet and in fluid communication with the one or more reactor tubes,wherein the tubular reactor satisfies at least one of the following conditions:{'sub': eff', 'cat, 'a ratio of an effective thermal conductivity of the heat transfer structure and the catalyst with the inner tube wall to a thermal conductivity of the catalyst (k/k) is at least 50:1, or'}{'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'a total combined surf ace area of the heat transfer structure and inner tube wall containing the catalyst per volume of the catalyst (the “SA/V”) is about 500 m/mto about 4000 m/m.'}16. The tubular reactor of claim 15 , wherein at least about 5% of the surface area of the inner tube wall containing the carbon monoxide hydrogenation catalyst is in ...

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Номер записи: 58
28-03-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE FROM METHANE AND AMMONIA

Номер: US20190091664A1
Автор: HØJLUND NIELSEN Poul Erik, McKenna Burcin Temel
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a catalyst material comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on said support. The first and second metals are in the form of a chemical compound. The first metal is Fe, Co or Ni, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and In. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH) and ammonia (NH), wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst according to the invention. 1. A process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH) and ammonia (NH) , wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst material comprising a support , a first metal and a second metal on said support , wherein said first and second metal are in the form of a chemical compound , where said first metal is Fe , Co or Ni , and where said second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn , Zn and In , and the temperature of the process is less than 1000° C.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the process is between 750° C. and 950° C.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the support is a ferromagnetic support used as an inductive heating element in the process.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the support comprises Co and wherein the second metal is coated onto the support.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the support comprises an alumina claim 1 , a spinel of alumina claim 1 , an oxide claim 1 , a carbide claim 1 , a nitride claim 1 , or a carbonitride.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second metal form a ternary compound with carbon or nitrogen.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal comprises Co.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal comprises Co and the second metal comprises Sn.9. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the weight percent of Fe claim 1 , Co or Ni to Sn claim 1 , Zn or In is ...

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Номер записи: 59
28-03-2019 дата публикации

Modified Y-Zeolite/ZSM-5 Catalyst For Increased Propylene Production

Номер: US20190091669A1
Автор: Albert Carel Pouwels, Erja Paivi Helena Rautiainen, Maria Margaret Ludvig
Принадлежит: ALBEMARLE EUROPE SPRL

Provided is a Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalyst composition having increased propylene production with respect to other Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalysts (measured at constant conversion). The catalyst composition comprises a particulate which comprises (a) non-rare earth metal exchanged Y-zeolite in an amount in the range of about 5 to about 50 wt %, based upon the weight of the particulate; and (b) ZSM-5 zeolite in an amount in the range of about 2 to about 50 wt %, based upon the weight of the particulate.

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Номер записи: 60
12-05-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PRODUCING CARBON NANOTUBES

Номер: US20220144642A1
Автор: Gailus David, Schauer Mark
Принадлежит:

Method of producing short carbon nanotube fibers from a carbonaceous gas. 1. A method of producing short carbon nanotube fibers , comprising:(i) introducing a carbonaceous gas, a catalyst, and hydrogen into a reactor;(ii) permitting the carbon atoms of the carbonaceous gas to interact with the catalyst to produce carbon nanotubes;(iii) subjecting the carbon nanotubes to at least one of (a) one or more high velocity jets of gas, (b) one or more spinning impellers, (c) a gas flow across a textured surface, and/or (d) one or more impacts with an array of blunt objects before exiting the reactor to form short carbon nanotube fibers having lengths in a range of from 1 mm to about 50 mm, and(iv) collecting the short carbon nanotube fibers.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is ferrocene claim 1 , which becomes iron nanoparticles in the reactor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the carbonaceous gas does not react with the catalyst to form carbon nanotubes and such portion is sent to a second reactor claim 1 , optionally claim 1 , with an additional amount of carbonaceous gas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the catalyst is collected and then reconditioned and either (i) introduced into the second reactor claim 1 , optionally claim 1 , with an amount of fresh catalyst claim 1 , or (ii) stored for later use.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst is reconditioned by at least one of (i) oxidizing the catalyst in air and/or exfoliating the catalyst by electrochemical treatment claim 4 , dissolving the catalyst in muriatic acid to form a chloride salt claim 4 , and then reacting the chloride salt with sodium cyclopentadienide; and (ii) heating the catalyst to at least 2000 □ C to vaporize the catalyst and then plate out the vaporized catalyst.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen formed from the decomposition of the carbonaceous gas is separated and either collected for storage or resale claim 1 , used as a fuel to heat ...

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Номер записи: 61
12-05-2022 дата публикации

Catalyzed Alkylation, Alkylation Catalysts, and Methods of Making Alkylation Catalysts

Номер: US20220144724A1
Автор: Coley Kelly Ann, Gauthier Eric Daniel, Mukherjee Mitrajit
Принадлежит:

Improved alkylation catalysts, alkylation methods, and methods of making alkylation catalysts are described. The alkylation method comprises reaction over a solid acid, zeolite-based catalyst and can be conducted for relatively long periods at steady state conditions. The alkylation catalyst comprises a crystalline zeolite structure, a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less, less than 0.5 weight percent alkali metals, and further having a characteristic catalyst life property. Some catalysts may contain rare earth elements in the range of 10 to 35 wt %. One method of making a catalyst includes a calcination step following exchange of the rare earth element(s) conducted at a temperature of at least 575° C. to stabilize the resulting structure followed by an deammoniation treatment. An improved method of deammoniation uses low temperature oxidation. 140-. (canceled)41. An alkylation catalyst , comprising:a zeolite structure comprising sodalite cages and supercages, a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less, less than 0.5 weight percent alkali metals, rare earth elements in the range of 10 to 35 wt % (or a molar ratio of rare earth elements to (Si and Al) in the range of 0.06 to 0.20), and, optionally up to 5 wt % Pt and/or Pd; and/or Nickel; andcharacterizable by a Catalyst Lifetime of 2 or greater (or 2.5 or greater, or between 2.5 and 3.5) where the Catalyst Lifetime parameter is defined as the catalyst age when the olefin conversion falls below 90% (or, in some preferred embodiments below 95%) using a test where the solid-acid catalyst is loaded in a fixed-bed reactor such that the dT/dP>10 (diameter of tube to diameter of catalyst particles) and L/dP>50 (length of catalyst bed to diameter of catalyst particles) and exposed to a flow comprising a) a feed of 10:1 molar ratio of isobutane:n-butenes at 60° C. and 300 psig with a recycle ratio (R=volumetric flow rate of recycle stream/volumetric flow rate of feed stream) of 50, where VS/VC is 7 (the ratio of system volume to catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 62
26-03-2020 дата публикации

Metal-Loaded Zeolite Catalysts for the Halogen-Free Conversion of Dimethyl Ether to Methyl Acetate

Номер: US20200094230A1
Автор: Chornet Esteban, Reule Allen Artur Carl, Semagina Natalia
Принадлежит:

A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite. 160-. (canceled)61. A method of treating a catalyst comprising: (i) an ammonium or acidic or protonated form of a zeolite; (ii) at least one Group IIB metal; and (iii) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IB metals and Group VIII metals , consisting essentially of contacting said catalyst with a gas comprising oxygen and an inert gas.62. The method of wherein said zeolite is selected from the group consisting of mordenite zeolites claim 61 , zeolite Beta claim 61 , ferrierite claim 61 , zeolite Y claim 61 , ZSM-5 claim 61 , ZSM-23 claim 61 , ZSM-35 claim 61 , and ZSM-57.63. The method of wherein said zeolite is a mordenite zeolite.64. The method of wherein said at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IB metals and Group VIII metals is at least one Group IB metal.65. The method of wherein said at least one Group IB metal is copper.66. The method of wherein said at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IB metals and Group VIII metals is at least one Group VIII metal.67. The method of wherein said at least one Group VIII metal is iron.68. The method of wherein said at least one Group VIII metal is palladium.69. The method of wherein said at least one Group IIB metal is zinc.70. The method of wherein said at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IB metals and Group VIII metals claim 61 , and said at least one Group IIB metal are present in said catalyst at a molar ratio of Group ...

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Номер записи: 63
04-04-2019 дата публикации

A process for reacting oxygen carrying regenerated catalyst prior to use in a fluidized bed reactor

Номер: US20190099745A1
Автор: Liwei Li, Matthew T. Pretz
Принадлежит: Dow Global Technologies LLC

A process to react an oxygen containing regenerated catalyst stream prior to use in a fluidized bed reactor comprising providing a regenerated catalyst stream which comprises at least 0.001 wt % oxygen; reacting the regenerated catalyst stream with a fuel source thereby forming oxides and reducing the amount of oxygen in the regenerated catalyst stream to produce a usable regenerated catalyst stream; and injecting the usable regenerated catalyst stream into a hydrocarbon fluidized bed reactor is provided.

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Номер записи: 64
19-04-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE DESULPHURISATION OF A GAS FLOW

Номер: US20180104641A1
Автор: Joh Ralph, Schneider Rüdiger, Vortmeyer Nicolas, Zimmermann Gerhard
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A method and device for the desulphurisation of a hydrogen sulphide-containing gas flow, in particular for combustion in a gas turbine, wherein the gas flow is brought into contact with a washing agent containing a catalytically active component for the absorption of the hydrogen sulphide and forming elementary sulphur, wherein the catalytically active component is reduced in the formation of the elementary sulphur, wherein the washing medium containing the reduced catalytically active component is supplied to a regeneration stage, in which the reduced catalytically active component is converted back via oxidation with an oxygen-containing gas supplied to the regeneration stage, and wherein the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the regeneration stage from a compressor of a gas turbine. Air from the compressor of a gas turbine is used for purifying a washing medium used for the desulphurisation of a gas flow. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method for desulfurizing a hydrogen-sulfide-comprising gas stream , the method comprising:contacting the gas stream with a scrubbing medium comprising a catalytically active component to absorb the hydrogen sulfide and to form elemental sulfur,reducing the catalytically active component during formation of the elemental sulfur,supplying the scrubbing medium comprising the reduced catalytically active component to a regeneration stage in which the reduced catalytically active component is reformed by oxidation with an oxygen-comprising gas supplied to the regeneration stage, andsupplying the oxygen-comprising gas to the regeneration stage from a compressor of a gas turbine.22. The method as claimed in claim 21 ,wherein scrubbing medium is supplied to the regeneration stage at the top thereof.23. The method as claimed in claim 21 ,wherein the oxygen-comprising gas is supplied to the regeneration stage at the bottom thereof.24. The method as claimed in claim 21 ,wherein a metal salt is employed as the catalytically active component.25. The ...

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Номер записи: 65
02-04-2020 дата публикации

Mixed Metal Oxide Catalyst useful for Paraffin Dehydrogenation

Номер: US20200101445A1
Автор: Brock Grace, Joshi Narendra, Krishnaiah Gautham, Mukherjee Mitrajit, Tallman Michael, Vadhri Vamsi M.
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a catalyst composition suitable for the dehydrogenation of paraffins having 2-8 carbon atoms comprising zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, optionally further comprising oxides of cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), tungsten (W) and Zirconium (Zr) or mixtures thereof, wherein said catalyst composition is substantially free of chromium and platinum. The catalysts possess unique combinations of activity, selectivity, and stability. Methods for preparing improved dehydrogenation catalysts and a process for dehydrogenating paraffins having 2-8 carbon atoms, comprising contacting the mixed metal oxide catalyst with paraffins are also described. The catalyst may also be disposed on a porous support in an attrition-resistant form and used in a fluidized bed reactor. 133-. (canceled)34. A process for continuous dehydrogenating of paraffins having 2-8 carbon atoms , preferably propane or isobutane , comprising:{'sup': −1', '−1, 'contacting said paraffins with a catalyst composition at a reaction temperature of 500-800° C., a space velocity of 0.1-5 hror 0.1-1 hrand a pressure of 0.01-0.2 MPa for a reaction period in the range of 0.05 seconds to 10 minutes;'}regenerating the catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas wherein said catalyst regeneration is performed at a reaction temperature of 500-800° C., a pressure of 0.01-0.2 MPa and a regeneration period ranging from 0.05 seconds to 10 minutes;wherein the catalyst composition comprises:(a) zinc oxide with optional modifiers selected from the group of Copper, Manganese, and Niobium and a stabilized titania support, comprising: the stabilized titania support stabilized with a stabilizing element(s) comprising zirconium, tungsten, or a rare earth element or combinations thereof; and Zn; wherein the catalyst composition from 10 to 95 wt % titania, 0.1 to 25 wt % ...

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Номер записи: 66
11-04-2019 дата публикации

REGENERATION METHOD OF SOLID CATALYST

Номер: US20190105651A1
Автор: Collias Dimitris Ioannis, Godlewski Jane Ellen, IMADA Motosuke, KANBARA Shinji, Nonoguchi Masanori, Okada Masaki, OKU Tomoharu, SHINGUBARA Koji, TONOYA Masashi, Tsuneki Hideaki, Velasquez Juan Estaban
Принадлежит:

The present invention aims to provide a regeneration method capable of sufficiently restoring the catalytic performance of a solid catalyst used in a dehydration reaction of lactic acid and derivatives thereof. The present invention relates to a method for regenerating a solid catalyst used in a dehydration reaction of lactic acid and derivatives of lactic acid, the method including a contacting step of bringing a solid catalyst containing a component that forms a molten salt in the presence of steam into contact with oxygen and steam under pressure. 1. A method for regenerating a solid catalyst used in a dehydration reaction of lactic acid and derivatives of lactic acid ,the method comprising a contacting step of bringing a solid catalyst containing a component that forms a molten salt in the presence of steam into contact with oxygen and steam under elevated pressure.2. The method for regenerating a solid catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein the component that forms a molten salt contains a condensed phosphate.3. The method for regenerating a solid catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein the steam in the contacting step has a partial pressure of 0.3 to 24 MPa.4. The method for regenerating a solid catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein the contacting step is performed at 200° C. to 700° C.5. The method for regenerating a solid catalyst according to claim 2 ,wherein the steam in the contacting step has a partial pressure of 0.3 to 24 MPa.6. The method for regenerating a solid catalyst according to claim 2 ,wherein the contacting step is performed at 200° C. to 700° C.7. The method for regenerating a solid catalyst according to claim 3 ,wherein the contacting step is performed at 200° C. to 700° C.8. The method for regenerating a solid catalyst according to claim 5 ,wherein the contacting step is performed at 200° C. to 700° C. The present invention relates to a regeneration method of a solid catalyst. Specifically, the present invention relates to a regeneration ...

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Номер записи: 67
28-04-2016 дата публикации

CATALYST REGENERATING METHODS AND APPARATUSES AND METHODS OF INHIBITING CORROSION IN CATALYST REGENERATING APPARATUSES

Номер: US20160114316A1
Автор: Althoff James W., Palmas Paolo, Victor Sanford Allan
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatuses for regenerating catalysts and methods of inhibiting corrosion in catalyst regenerating apparatuses are provided. An exemplary apparatus includes: a metal vessel configured to receive a spent catalyst stream and contact at least a portion of the spent catalyst stream with an oxygen containing environment at a sufficiently high temperature to burn coke present in the spent catalyst stream; a refractory material overlying at least a portion of an inner surface of the metal vessel; and a corrosion inhibiting material in contact with at least a portion of the inner surface of the metal vessel and disposed between the inner surface and at least a portion of the refractory material, wherein the corrosion inhibiting material is heat stable at a temperature of at least up to about 400° F. (about 204° C.) and inhibits contact of an acid environment with the inner surface of the metal vessel. 1. A catalyst regenerating apparatus comprising:a metal vessel having an inner surface and configured to receive a spent catalyst stream and an oxygen-containing gas, and to provide an oxygen containing environment at a sufficiently high temperature to burn coke present on the spent catalyst stream and generate regenerated catalyst, wherein the spent catalyst stream comprises catalyst having coke deposits;a refractory material overlying at least a portion of the inner surface of the metal vessel; anda corrosion inhibiting material overlying at least a portion of the inner surface of the metal vessel and disposed between the inner surface and at least a portion of the refractory material, wherein the corrosion inhibiting material is heat stable at a temperature of at least up to about 400° F. (about 204° C.) and inhibits contact of an acid environment with the inner surface of the metal vessel.2. The catalyst regenerating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least a region of the metal vessel is configured to receive and accumulate regenerated catalyst.3. The catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 68
09-06-2022 дата публикации

System and method of producing carbon nanotubes

Номер: US20220177311A1
Автор: David Gailus, Mark Schauer
Принадлежит: Nanocomp Technologies Inc

A system and method of producing carbon nanotubes from flare gas and other gaseous carbon-containing sources.

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Номер записи: 69
13-05-2021 дата публикации

A process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes and iron-based catalysts for use in the process

Номер: US20210139394A1
Автор: Lived J. LEMUS-YEGRES, Poul Erik Hojlund Nielsen, Rasmus Munksgård NIELSEN
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe AS

In a process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of lower alkanes to the corresponding alkenes, a regenerable catalyst comprising iron carbide supported on a carrier is used. A small amount (below 100 ppm) of a sulfur compound, such as H2S, is added during the process.

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Номер записи: 70
13-05-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CATALYTIC UPGRADING OF VACUUM RESIDUE TO DISTILLATE FRACTIONS AND OLEFINS

Номер: US20210139790A1
Автор: Al-Bahar Mohamed, Al-Jishi Ali Nader, Al-Jishi Mohammad, Al-Nasir Ali, Al-Shafei Emad Naji, Choi Ki-Hyouk
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

Systems and methods for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method including combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed; heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product; and separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins. 1. A method for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins , the method comprising the steps of:combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed;heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst, where the step of heating is carried out without hydrogen addition and without steam addition, to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 20 wt. % olefins; andseparating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins, where the nano-zeolite catalyst to mixed heavy oil feed weight ratio is between about 0.5:2 to about 0.5:24.2. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed has an American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity between about 5 and about 22.3. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed is selected from the group consisting of: de-asphalted oil claim 1 , de-metalized oil claim 1 , heavy vacuum gas oil claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive comprises straight run naphtha with an API gravity from about 40 to about 77 and a boiling point range from between about 200° F. to 500° F.5. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of: ...

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Номер записи: 71
03-05-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REGENERATING CATALYST PARTICLES

Номер: US20180117581A1
Автор: Glover Bryan K., Shakur Mohamed S.
Принадлежит:

A process for regenerating catalyst particles is disclosed. The process includes the steps: (a) withdrawing a regeneration zone effluent comprising halogen from a regeneration zone, wherein the regeneration zone contains catalyst particles comprising halogen; (b) contacting a first portion of the regeneration zone effluent with adsorbent in a first adsorption zone, removing halogen from the first portion of the regeneration zone effluent, and withdrawing from the first adsorption zone a first adsorption zone effluent; (c) contacting the first adsorption zone effluent with a water removing material to create a first water-depleted stream; and (d) passing the first water-depleted stream to the regeneration zone. Other embodiments include different orders of the steps. 1. A process for regenerating catalyst particles , the process comprising:withdrawing a regeneration zone effluent comprising halogen from a regeneration zone, wherein the regeneration zone comprises catalyst particles comprising halogen;contacting a first portion of the regeneration zone effluent with a water removing material to create a first water-depleted stream;contacting the first water-depleted stream with adsorbent in an adsorption zone, removing halogen from the first water-depleted stream, and withdrawing from the adsorption zone an adsorption zone effluent; andpassing at least a portion of the adsorption zone effluent to the regeneration zone.2. A process for adsorbing hydrogen chloride (HCl) from a regeneration vent gas , the process comprising:cooling the regeneration vent gas from a regeneration zone;passing the cooled regeneration vent gas to an adsorption zone that is spaced apart from the regeneration zone;adsorbing HCl from the regeneration vent gas onto a spent catalyst in the adsorption zone to enrich the spent catalyst with HCl to provide HCl-rich catalyst and deplete HCl from the regeneration vent gas to provide HCl-lean regeneration vent gas;purging the HCl-lean regeneration vent ...

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Номер записи: 72
25-08-2022 дата публикации

ORGANIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHOD BASED ON MULTI-ELEMENT CO-DOPING TIO2 NANO PHOTOCATALYTIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20220266226A1
Автор: SONG Xiyu, WANG JIE, Zhang Mei, Zhou Yang, Zhu Yixin
Принадлежит: CQC INTIME TESTING TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

An organic wastewater treatment method based on a multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material includes preparing a sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture, hydrothermally reacting the sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture with copper chloride, ammonia, strong alkali, a transition metal salt and the like, reacting the resulting reaction product with hydrofluoric acid, then performing temperature programming thermal treatment in air to obtain the multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material, and then treating organic wastewater with the multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material under the irradiation of visible light. The organic wastewater treatment method is efficient and rapid, safe and environmental-friendly, can thoroughly degrade many types of organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and does not cause secondary pollution; furthermore, the adopted multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material can be regenerated and recycled only by simple calcination, and the cost is inexpensive. 1. An organic wastewater treatment method based on a multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material , comprising:(1) successively adding butyl titanate and titanium disulfide into absolute ethyl alcohol, continuously stirring until a dropwise addition is completed, then dropwise adding a nitric acid solution, and stirring for 1-2 h in a water bath at 30-60° C. to obtain a sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture;(2) adding the sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture into a copper chloride solution, and successively adding an alkaline aqueous solution and a transition metal salt aqueous solution, transferring an obtained mixture into a hydrothermal reactor, and continuously reacting for 10-20 h at 150-160° C.;(3) performing a suction filtration on a reaction mixture obtained in step (2), washing an obtained filter cake to be neutral with a deionized water, drying for 1-2 h in a vacuum at 60-80° C., uniformly mixing a dried filter cake with a hydrofluoric ...

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Номер записи: 73
27-05-2021 дата публикации

Method for regenerating a toxified catalyst containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds

Номер: US20210154657A1
Автор: Andre Rittermeier, Frank Gerhartz, Michael Venz, Thomas Burbach, Tim Loddenkemper, Timm Schmidt, Walther Müller
Принадлежит: Covestro Deutschland AG

A process is described for regenerating a catalyst comprising ruthenium or ruthenium compounds, which has been poisoned by sulfur compounds, in which the catalyst, optionally at elevated temperature, is subjected to treatment with a hydrogen halide, particularly a gas stream comprising hydrogen chloride, under non-oxidative conditions and additionally, optionally at reduced temperature, to an at least two-stage oxidative post-treatment.

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Номер записи: 74
16-04-2020 дата публикации

HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL PROCESS

Номер: US20200116003A1
Автор: Gawade Preshit, Gomach Jeffrey Bruce, Hardy K. Michael, Jackson David, Nelson E. Cole
Принадлежит:

A process is presented to treat a process stream containing a hydrocarbon (oil and/or gas) and hydrogen sulfide with a liquid treatment solution containing a sulfur dye catalyst. The process stream can be within a pipeline, wellbore, subsea pipeline or a wellhead that contains hydrogen sulfide where the liquid treatment solution is injected at a predetermined point to define a scavenger zone such that the sulfur dye catalyst in the liquid treatment solution causes the sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide to react with the catalyst. The hydrocarbon component is separated substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide from a spent treatment solution containing spent sulfur dye catalyst which can then be fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate can be recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution. 1. A process to treat hydrogen sulfide in a subsea pipeline comprising:injecting a liquid treatment solution comprising a sulfur dye catalyst into a subsea pipeline containing a hydrocarbon and hydrogen sulfide to form an admixture, where the point of injection of the liquid treatment solution into the subsea pipeline is selected at a distance below sea level to define a scavenger region within the pipeline such that the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and reacts to form a spent sulfur dye catalyst; anddirecting the admixture into a separator where treated hydrocarbon and dissolved gas is separated from a spent treatment solution comprising the spent sulfur dye catalyst and water.2. The process of further comprising claim 1 ,introducing the spent treatment solution into an oxidation vessel;introducing an oxygen containing gas into the oxidation vessel to contact the spent treatment solution causing the sulfide ...

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Номер записи: 75
31-07-2014 дата публикации

Process for stripping and a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus relating thereto

Номер: US20140213428A1
Автор: Brian W. Hedrick, Paolo Palmas
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for stripping. The process can include passing catalyst to a stripping vessel containing a riser, providing a plurality of baffles having a first baffle and a second baffle, and providing one or more packing layers. The stripping vessel and riser may define an annular zone including annular area for stripping of the catalyst, and the first and second baffles collectively overlap in no more than about 50% of the annular area. Often, the first baffle is coupled to an outer circumference of the riser and extends outward, and the second baffle is coupled to an inner circumference of the stripping vessel and extends inward. Typically, the one or more packing layers are within the annular zone.

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Номер записи: 76
23-04-2020 дата публикации

Molybdenum-vanadium bimetallic oxide catalyst and its application in chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation of alkane

Номер: US20200122121A1
Автор: Jinlong Gong, Liang Zeng, Rentao MU, Sai Chen
Принадлежит: TIANJIN UNIVERSITY

A molybdenum-vanadium bimetallic oxide catalyst and its application in the chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation of alkane. The molecular formula of molybdenum-vanadium bimetallic oxide catalyst is MoVy and y represents the atomic molar ratio of vanadium and molybdenum. The supported MoVy catalyst is prepared by impregnation method, following the drying, calcination and tablet pressing. The reaction temperature was 450-550° C., and propane could be oxidized and dehydrogenated to propylene with high activity and selectivity, with propane conversion rate remaining at 30-40% and propylene selectivity at 80-90%. The fresh catalysts were reduced to the lower valence states with the lattice oxygen diffusion to propane. After the dehydrogenation, the reduced samples were regenerated to recover to the initial state and regain the lattice oxygen. During the redox cycles, the reaction performance remains stable, which can be used in the fixed bed reactor, moving bed reactor or circulating fluidized bed.

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Номер записи: 77
31-07-2014 дата публикации

Methods of Regenerating Aromatization Catalysts

Номер: US20140213839A1
Автор: An-Hsiang Wu
Принадлежит: Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP

Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst.

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Номер записи: 78
18-05-2017 дата публикации

System and process for producing gasoline from oxygenates

Номер: US20170137720A1
Автор: Mohsen N. Harandi, Stephen J. Mccarthy
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Processes and systems for converting an oxygenate feedstock to a hydrocarbon product, selectivated catalysts and processes for reducing off-spec gasoline production during start-up are provided herein.

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Номер записи: 79
09-05-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR STORAGE AND RELEASE OF HYDROGEN

Номер: US20190135622A1
Автор: Givant Ariel, Sasson Yoel, Wiener Harold
Принадлежит: YISSUM Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem LTD.

The invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen, comprising catalytically decomposing a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium formate in a reaction vessel to form bicarbonate slurry and hydrogen, discharging the hydrogen from said reaction vessel, and treating a mixture comprising the bicarbonate slurry and the catalyst with an oxidizer, thereby regenerating the catalyst. Pd/C catalysts useful in the process are also described. 114.-. (canceled)15. Pd/C catalyst with Pd loading in the range from 0.15 to 1.0 wt % , characterized in that at least a portion of the palladium is present on the support in the form of sub-nanometer particles (<1 nm).16. Pd/C catalyst according to claim 15 , wherein the Pd loading is from 0.2 to 0.5 wt %.17. A process for preparing Pd/C catalyst according to claim 15 , comprising dissolving in water a palladium (Pd) salt claim 15 , adding to the solution heat-treated activated carbon claim 15 , stirring the so-formed mixture claim 15 , reducing the Pd to Pdwith the aid of formate claim 15 , collecting a powder consisting of Pd/C claim 15 , washing and drying same.1820.-. (canceled) The invention relates to a method for providing hydrogen in a storable and transportable form, based on the bicarbonate-formate cyclic system.The bicarbonate-formate cycle has been described by Zaidman, Weiner and Sasson [Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 11(5), pp. 341-347 (1986) and Weiner, Blum, Feilchenfeld, Sasson and Zalmanov [Journal of Catalysis, 110, pp. 184-190 (1988)], suggesting the use of aqueous formate solutions as hydrogen carriers. The bicarbonate-formate cycle consists of two stages, as shown by the following chemical equation:HCO+H↔HCO+HOThe first stage involves the reduction of bicarbonate to formate. To this end, a bicarbonate salt in aqueous solution is reacted with hydrogen at about 35° C. under hydrogen pressure, to give an aqueous solution of the corresponding formate salt. On demand, the reverse reaction is carried out, ...

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Номер записи: 80
28-05-2015 дата публикации

Process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit

Номер: US20150148214A1
Автор: Daniel N. Myers, David N. Myers, Paolo Palmas
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Generally, the process includes providing a feed to a riser of a reaction vessel, and providing a stream to a distributor positioned within a void proximate to an inlet receiving unregenerated catalyst in a regenerator. The feed can include at least one of a gas oil, a vacuum gas oil, an atmospheric gas oil, a coker gas oil, a hydrotreated gas oil, a hydrocracker unconverted oil, and an atmospheric residue

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Номер записи: 81
25-05-2017 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS USEFUL IN FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESSES

Номер: US20170144144A1
Автор: Braden Jeffery L., HUELSMAN Doug, KIM Jae Hyung
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to processes for regenerating catalysts. In certain aspects, a process for regenerating a deactivated catalyst disposed in a first organic material includes removing a substantial portion of the first organic material from the catalyst to provide a dewaxed catalyst having less than about 40 wt % (e.g., less than about 20%) organic material disposed thereon. The dewaxed catalyst is then contacted with a flow of a substantially inert gas at a temperature of at least about 200° C. to provide an inert gas-treated catalyst having less than about 10 wt % organic material disposed thereon. The inert gas-treated catalyst is then contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of at least about 200 ° C. to form an oxidized catalyst (e.g., having less than 2 wt % carbonaceous material disposed thereon). The oxidized catalyst is then contacted with a hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature of at least about 200° C. to form a regenerated catalyst. Finally, the regenerated catalyst can be disposed in a second organic material. The regenerated catalysts can be useful, for example, in Fischer-Tropsch processes. 1. A process for regenerating a deactivated catalyst , the catalyst being disposed in a first organic material , the catalyst comprising a catalytic metal disposed on a support , the process comprisingremoving a substantial portion of the first organic material from the catalyst to provide a dewaxed catalyst having less than about 40 wt % organic material disposed thereon;contacting the dewaxed catalyst with a flow of a substantially inert gas at a temperature of at least about 200° C. to provide an inert gas-treated catalyst having less than about 10 wt % organic material disposed thereon;contacting the inert gas-treated catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of at least about 200° C., the contacting being performed to substantially remove any residual carbonaceous material remaining disposed on the dewaxed catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 82
04-06-2015 дата публикации

Process to Make Olefins from Oxygenates

Номер: US20150152020A1
Автор: Giacomo Grasso, Nikolai Nesterenko, Sander Van Donk, Walter Vermeiren, Wolfgang Garcia
Принадлежит: Total Research and Technology Feluy SA

The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form a XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; d) separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; e) contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the OC reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to light olefins.

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Номер записи: 83
25-05-2017 дата публикации

EXHAUST PURIFIER

Номер: US20170145889A1
Автор: FUKUI Yoshinori, HAMAOKA Shunji, Kanda Toshihisa, Takahata Yasuyuki
Принадлежит:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purifier which suppresses unnecessary consumption of pressurization air so as to improve a removal rate of dust. An exhaust purifier for removing particulate matter adhered to a NOx catalyst by injecting pressurized air using an air injection nozzle into a housing of a catalyst reactor in which the NOx catalyst serving as a catalyst is positioned, wherein an injection valve of a soot blower supplying pressurized air into the housing of the catalyst reactor is opened and closed based on an exhaust gas flow rate so as to inject the pressurized air. 1. An exhaust purifier wherein compressed air is injected into a catalyst reactor in which a catalyst is arranged based on an exhaust gas flow rate so as to remove dust adhering to the catalyst ,characterized in thatwhen the exhaust gas flow rate is not more than a reference exhaust gas flow rate, the compressed air is injected into the catalyst reactor at a predetermined condition.2. The exhaust purifier according to claim 1 , wherein when a pressure difference between exhaust gas upstream the catalyst and exhaust gas downstream thereof is raised higher than a pressure difference between exhaust gas upstream the catalyst and exhaust gas downstream thereof at an initial state at the same exhaust flow rate for not less than a reference pressure difference raising amount claim 1 , the compressed air is injected into the catalyst reactor at a condition different from the predetermined condition regardless of the exhaust gas flow rate. The present invention relates to an exhaust purifier of an internal combustion engine.Conventionally, an exhaust purifier which reduces NOx to nitrogen and water with a catalyst reactor in which a selective reduction NOx catalyst (SCR catalyst) is arranged and ammonia which is a reducing agent so as to decrease NOx (nitrogen oxide) included in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine is known. The ammonia is generated by urea ...

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Номер записи: 84
15-09-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING FUEL AND AIR TO A CATALYST REGENERATOR

Номер: US20220288571A1
Автор: KULPRATHIPANJA Sathit, Sandacz Michael S., Stine Michael A.
Принадлежит:

An oxygen gas stream is distributed to a spent catalyst stream through an oxygen nozzle of an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas stream is distributed to the spent catalyst stream through a fuel nozzle of a fuel gas distributor. An oxygen gas jet generated from said oxygen nozzle and a fuel gas jet generated from said fuel gas nozzle have the same elevation in the regenerator. In a regenerator, an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas distributor may be located in a mixing chamber. A fuel outlet of a fuel nozzle of the fuel gas distributor may be within a fifth of the height of the mixing chamber from an oxygen outlet of an oxygen nozzle of the oxygen gas distributor. In addition, clear space is provided between a fuel gas nozzle on a fuel gas distributor and a closest oxygen nozzle on an oxygen gas distributor. 1. A process for regenerating catalyst from a catalytic reaction comprising:providing a spent catalyst stream;distributing an oxygen gas stream to said spent catalyst stream through an oxygen nozzle;generating an oxygen gas jet from said oxygen nozzle;distributing a fuel gas stream to said spent catalyst stream through a fuel nozzle;generating a fuel gas jet from said fuel nozzle, said fuel gas jet and said oxygen gas jet having the same elevation; andcombusting said fuel gas stream and carbon on said spent catalyst with the oxygen gas stream to provide flue gas and regenerated catalyst.2. The process of wherein said fuel gas jet and said oxygen gas jet have the same horizontal location.3. The process of wherein said fuel gas jet and said oxygen gas jet are both directed downwardly.4. The process of further comprising a clear space between said fuel gas jet and a closest oxygen gas jet.5. The process of wherein said fuel gas jet and said oxygen gas jet are contiguous with each other.6. The process of wherein said fuel gas jet and said oxygen gas jet are concentric.7. The process of wherein said fuel gas jet is directed downwardly and the oxygen gas jet is ...

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Номер записи: 85
01-06-2017 дата публикации

EXHAUST PURIFIER

Номер: US20170152783A1
Автор: FUKUI Yoshinori, Takahata Yasuyuki, YAMAGUCHI Yoshihiro
Принадлежит:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purifier () which is capable of restoring a pressure difference (ΔP) and a purification rate (NOx removal efficiency) of a NOx catalyst () to the initial states thereof. An exhaust purifier () for removing particulate matter adhered to a NOx catalyst () by injecting pressurized air using an air injection nozzle () into a housing () of a catalyst reactor () in Which the NOx catalyst () serving as a catalyst is positioned, wherein the particulate matter is removed by increasing the pressure inside the catalyst reactor () to a prescribed pressure (ΔIP) within a prescribed interval of time (t) by operating an injection valve () for supplying pressurized air 1. An exhaust purifier wherein compressed air is injected into a catalyst reactor in which a catalyst is arranged so as to remove dust adhering to the catalyst ,characterized in thatby operating an injection valve supplying the compressed air, pressure in the catalyst reactor is raised to predetermined pressure within predetermined time so as to remove the dust.2. The exhaust purifier according to claim 1 , wherein a shock wave is generated in the catalyst reactor by the compressed air so as to remove the dust.3. The exhaust purifier according to claim 1 , wherein an injection port of an air injection nozzle injecting the compressed air is arranged near a wall surface of the catalyst reactor.4. The exhaust purifier according to claim 2 , wherein an injection port of an air injection nozzle injecting the compressed air is arranged near a wall surface of the catalyst reactor. The present invention relates to an exhaust purifier of an internal combustion engine.Conventionally, an exhaust purifier which reduces NOx to nitrogen and water with a catalyst reactor in which a selective reduction NOx catalyst (SCR catalyst) is arranged and ammonia which is a reducing agent so as to decrease NOx (nitrogen oxide) included in exhaust gas from an internal combustion ...

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Номер записи: 86
09-06-2016 дата публикации

Flexible unit for isomerization and disproportionation of hydrocarbons using solid acid catalysts

Номер: US20160159711A1
Автор: Alakananda Bhattacharyya, Mary Wier, Stuart Smith, Tom N. Kalnes
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A flexible hydrocarbon conversion process utilizing the same reaction zone for isomerization and disproportionation is described. The feed and type of products are selected. The hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a catalyst and in the presence of hydrogen and an added chloride promoter. The catalyst comprises a solid catalyst comprising a refractory inorganic oxide having a metal halide dispersed thereon. The operating conditions are varied depending on whether isomerization or disproportionation is desired.

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Номер записи: 87
08-06-2017 дата публикации

Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid purge process

Номер: US20170157530A1
Автор: Ashfaq Shaikh, Kenny Parker, Lee Partin, Mesfin Janka
Принадлежит: Eastman Chemical Co

Disclosed is an oxidation process to produce a crude carboxylic acid product carboxylic acid product. The process comprises oxidizing a feed stream comprising at least one oxidizable compound to generate a crude carboxylic acid slurry comprising furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and compositions thereof. Also disclosed is a process to produce a dry purified carboxylic acid product by utilizing various purification methods on the crude carboxylic acid.

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Номер записи: 88
14-05-2020 дата публикации

Gas-phase catalytic fluorination with chromium catalysts

Номер: US20200148612A1
Автор: Andre David, Deur-Bert Dominique, Garrait Dominique, Pigamo Anne, Wendlinger Laurent
Принадлежит:

A process for the fluorination of a chlorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one chlorine atom into a fluorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one fluorine atom includes the following steps: a) contacting, in a reactor, the chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and b) regenerating the fluorination catalyst used in step a). The step (b) of regenerating the fluorination catalyst comprises (c) the treatment of said fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow to form an oxidized fluorination catalyst, and (d) the treatment of the oxidized fluorination catalyst obtained in step (c) with a gaseous mixture comprising a reducing agent and an inert gas. The catalyst regenerated in step b) is reused in step a) and the reducing agent is selected from C-Chydrohalocarbons. 1. Process for the fluorination of a chlorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one chlorine atom into a fluorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one fluorine atom comprising the following steps:a. contacting, in a reactor, the chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, andb. regenerating the fluorination catalyst used in step a),{'sub': 1', '10, 'wherein the step (b) of regenerating the fluorination catalyst comprises (c) the treatment of said fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow to form an oxidized fluorination catalyst, and (d) the treatment of the oxidized fluorination catalyst obtained in step (c) with a gaseous mixture comprising a reducing agent and an inert gas; the catalyst regenerated in step b) being reused in step a) and the reducing agent being selected from the group consisting of C-Chydrohalocarbons.'}2. Process for the fluorination of a chlorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one ...

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Номер записи: 89
16-06-2016 дата публикации

CATALYST COOLER FOR REGENERATED CATALYST

Номер: US20160169506A1
Автор: Myers Daniel N., Palmas Paolo
Принадлежит:

A catalyst cooler for cooling regenerated catalyst in a regenerator associated with a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The catalyst cooler includes a first passage for transporting hot regenerated catalyst away from the regenerator and a second passage for returning cooled regenerated catalyst to the regenerator. The catalyst cooler also includes at least one heat exchanger. The second passage may be disposed within the first passage, or the first and second passage may each occupy a portion of a horizontal cross section of the catalyst cooler. 1. A regenerator for regenerating spent catalyst particles , the regenerator comprising:an inlet for spent catalyst particles;an outlet for regenerated catalyst particles;a gas distributor disposed below a bed of catalyst particles configured to supply combustion gas into the regenerator for combusting coke on the spent catalyst particles to provide the regenerated catalyst particles; and,a cooling zone for removing heat from regenerated catalyst, the cooling zone comprising a first passage for receiving regenerated catalyst, a second passage for returning cooled regenerated catalyst to the regenerator, and at least one heat exchanger for removing heat from the regenerated catalyst, wherein each heat exchanger in the cooling zone is disposed in at least one of the first passage and the second passage.2. The regenerator of wherein the first passage comprises a conduit disposed within the second passage.3. The regenerator of wherein the second passage comprises a conduit disposed within the first passage.4. The regenerator of wherein the first passage and the second passage each comprise a portion of a single shell.5. The regenerator of wherein each heat exchanger includes a longitudinal axis claim 1 , and wherein the longitudinal axis of each heat exchanger is generally parallel to a flow path of the regenerated catalyst through the first passage.6. The regenerator of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst cooler further comprises an ...

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Номер записи: 90
29-09-2022 дата публикации

REGENERATION OF CATALYST

Номер: US20220305482A1
Автор: Deshmukh Soumitra R., Greager Ivan Philip, HARRIS Roger Allen, Robota Heinz J.
Принадлежит:

A catalyst is regenerated by an inventive process using a heat exchange fluid such as superheated steam to remove heat during the process relying on efficient heat transfer (e.g., enabled by the microchannel reactor construction) in comparison with prior art heat exchange relying on a phase change, e.g. between water and (partial or complete vaporization) steam, allows simplification of the protocols to enable transition at higher temperatures between steps which translates in reduced duration of the regeneration process and avoids potential water hammering risks. 2. The process according to wherein step a) is initiated upon cool-down of the reactor from synthesis (eg FT synthesis) mode to a transition temperature of approximately 170° C. for an optional nitrogen purge and the introduction of the hydrogen containing gas.3. The process according to or wherein in step a) the temperature of the catalyst bed claim 1 , of the reactor and/or of the dewaxing gas stream is raised to a temperature of 250° C. to 400° C. claim 1 , preferably to 330° C. to 380° C. claim 1 , more preferably 340° C. to 360° C. and kept at or near (preferably within 15° C. of) that holding temperature for a period of one hour to 24 hours claim 1 , preferably 10 to 20 hours claim 1 , more preferably 10 to 15 hours.5. A process in accordance with for the regeneration of a hydrocarbon processing catalyst in situ in a microchannel reactor provided with heat exchange channels.6. The process according to any one of to wherein the heat exchange fluid is steam.7. The process according to any one of to wherein the catalyst is a metal based catalyst claim 4 , for example a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst claim 4 , such as a cobalt or iron-containing catalyst.8. The process according to any one of to wherein the catalyst is disposed on a porous support.9. The process according to any one of to wherein the temperature of each gas stream is controlled by heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchange channels ...

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Номер записи: 91
21-05-2020 дата публикации

Odh catalyst regeneration and integration with an air separation unit

Номер: US20200156055A1
Автор: Kamal Serhal, Shahin Goodarznia, Vasily Simanzhenkov
Принадлежит: Nova Chemicals International SA

Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes employs a catalyst, usually a mixed metal oxide, to convert, in the presence of oxygen, a lower alkane into its corresponding alkene. Continuous operation of an oxidative dehydrogenation process may result in a gradual decrease of catalyst activity and or selection, requiring downtime for regeneration. Provided herein is a process for regeneration of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst including initiating regeneration by passing a regeneration gas over the catalyst, monitoring regeneration by comparing the oxygen concentration of the regeneration gas before and after being passed over the catalyst, and ceasing regeneration when the oxygen concentration of the regeneration gas after passed over the catalyst is at least 90% of the concentration of the regeneration gas before being passed over the catalyst.

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Номер записи: 92
11-09-2014 дата публикации

System and Method for Exhaust Gas After Treatment

Номер: US20140255281A1
Автор: Praveen S. Chavannavar
Принадлежит: Caterpillar Inc

A hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) catalyst is regenerated using a nitrogen-based reductant agent. The HC-SCR catalyst is in communication with a power system such as an internal combustion engine and receives exhaust gasses from the internal combustion engine. Sulfur in the exhaust gasses may deactivate the HC-SCR catalyst by sulfur oxides forming thereon. To remove the sulfur oxides, a nitrogen-based reductant agent is introduced to the exhaust gasses. The nitrogen-based reductant agent decomposes to nitrogen oxides and hydrogen. The hydrogen reacts with the sulfur oxides to form hydrogen sulfides thereby removing the sulfur oxides from the HC-SCR catalyst.

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Номер записи: 93
23-06-2016 дата публикации

Ethane and Ethylene to Aromatics

Номер: US20160176779A1
Автор: Mark Berggren, Robert M. Zubrin, Stacy L. Carrera
Принадлежит: PIONEER ENERGY INC

This invention pertains to the thermal catalytic synthesis of aromatic compounds from ethane and ethylene. Such synthesis converts lower-value compounds that can only be stored as a gas or liquid under high pressure to a more-valuable liquid compound that can be stored at ambient pressure. The resulting aromatic product is useful as a chemical feedstock or as fuel.

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Номер записи: 94
21-06-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR MANAGING SULFUR ON CATALYST IN A LIGHT PARAFFIN DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS

Номер: US20180169630A1
Автор: Ballard Adam D., Gajda Gregory J., Sachtler J. W. Adriaan, Spieker Wolfgang A.
Принадлежит:

A process is presented for the management of sulfur on a catalyst. The catalyst is a dehydrogenation catalyst, and sulfur accumulates during the dehydrogenation process. Sulfur compounds are stripped from the spent catalyst and the catalyst is cooled before the regeneration process. The process includes controlling the amount of sulfur that needs to be removed from the catalyst before regeneration. 1. A process for regenerating a spent catalyst from a reactor comprising:(a) passing the spent catalyst, having sulfur on the catalyst, to a sulfur stripping vessel;(b) injecting a water stream into a gas stream;(c) passing the hydrogen gas stream to the stripping vessel at an elevated temperature, thereby generating a stripped spent catalyst stream;(d) passing the spent catalyst stream to a regenerator, thereby generating a regenerated catalyst stream; and(e) returning the regenerated catalyst to the reactor section via the reduction zone.2. The process of wherein the gas stream comprises hydrogen.3. The process of wherein the water stream comprises stream.4. The process of wherein the water stream comprises condensate.5. The process of wherein the water stream comprises demineralized steam or water.6. The process of further comprising passing the stripped spent catalyst stream to a catalyst cooler prior to passing the catalyst to the regenerator.7. The process of wherein at least 50% of the sulfur on the spent catalyst is removed in the sulfur stripping vessel.8100200. The process of wherein the gas is passed at a temperature between about ° C. and about ° C.9. The process of wherein the gas is passed at a temperature between about 100° C. and about 150° C.10. The process of wherein the stripping vessel temperature is at least 150° C.11. The process of wherein the stripping vessel temperature is at least 250° C.12. The process of wherein the reactor is a dehydrogenation reactor claim 1 , and the catalyst is a dehydrogenation catalyst.13. A process for managing sulfur in ...

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Номер записи: 95
21-06-2018 дата публикации

Process for managing sulfur on catalyst in a light paraffin dehydrogenation process

Номер: US20180169631A1
Автор: Adam D. BALLARD, Gregory J. Gajda, J. W. Adriaan Sachtler, Wolfgang A. Spieker
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A process is presented for the management of sulfur on a catalyst. The catalyst is a dehydrogenation catalyst, and sulfur accumulates during the dehydrogenation process. Sulfur compounds are stripped from the spent catalyst and the catalyst is cooled before the regeneration process. The process includes controlling the amount of sulfur that needs to be removed from the catalyst before regeneration.

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Номер записи: 96
21-06-2018 дата публикации

Methods for Regenerating Sulfur-Contaminated Aromatization Catalysts

Номер: US20180169640A1
Автор: Snell Ryan W.
Принадлежит:

Methods for regenerating a sulfur-contaminated catalyst are disclosed. Such methods may employ a step of washing the sulfur-contaminated catalyst with an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal, followed by contacting the washed catalyst with a halogen solution containing chlorine and fluorine. 1. A method for regenerating a sulfur-contaminated catalyst comprising a transition metal and a catalyst support , the method comprising:(1) washing the sulfur-contaminated catalyst with an aqueous solution, the aqueous solution optionally comprising an alkali metal, to produce a washed catalyst; and(2) contacting the washed catalyst with a halogen solution comprising chlorine and fluorine to produce a halogenated catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises the alkali metal.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:the transition metal comprises platinum;the catalyst support comprises a KL-zeolite and a support matrix comprising alumina, silica, a mixed oxide thereof, or a mixture thereof; and from about 100 ppmw to about 1000 ppmw sulfur;', 'from about 0.05 wt. % to about 2 wt. % chlorine; and', 'from about 0.05 wt. % to about 2 wt. % fluorine., 'the sulfur-contaminated catalyst comprises4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sulfur-contaminated catalyst contains less than about 0.1 wt. % of barium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises a salt of potassium claim 1 , rubidium claim 1 , cesium claim 1 , or any combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:step (1) comprises from 2 to 8 washing cycles;each washing cycle is conducted independently at a washing temperature in a range from about 20° C. to about 95° C. and for a time period in a range from about 5 minutes to about 2 hours; andeach washing cycle is conducted independently with either an aqueous solution comprising the alkali metal or an aqueous solution that does not contain an alkali metal.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a ratio of the weight of the ...

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Номер записи: 97
21-06-2018 дата публикации

UPGRADING FUEL GAS USING STOICHIOMETRIC AIR FOR CATALYST REGENERATION

Номер: US20180169644A1
Автор: Harandi Mohsen N., Rajagopalan Suriyanarayanan
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided for catalyst regeneration using a stoichiometric amount or less air for coke combustion. 1. A method of upgrading a fuel gas comprising:contacting a fuel gas with a catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor to upgrade the fuel gas to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons;gravity-feeding a portion of the catalyst from the fluidized bed reactor to a regeneration zone by opening a first pair of block valves on a reactor drain line;closing the first pair of block valves on the reactor drain line and opening a first bleed valve positioned between the first pair of block valves on the reactor drain line;purging the regeneration zone to remove hydrocarbons that are entrained on the portion of the catalyst;exposing the portion of the catalyst to oxygen to regenerate the portion of the catalyst while the portion of the catalyst is in the regeneration zone;purging the regeneration zone to remove oxygen that is entrained in the portion of the catalyst that has been regenerated;pressurizing the regeneration zone with the fuel gas; andfeeding the portion of the catalyst that has been regenerated to the fluidized bed reactor by opening a second pair of block valves in a drain line from the regeneration zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of exposing the portion of the catalyst to oxygen comprises directing combustion air into the regeneration zone at a rate of about 100.05% or less of the stoichiometric air requirement for combusting coke present on the portion of catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises ZSM-5.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising closing the second pair of block valves on the drain line of the regeneration zone and opening a second bleed valve positioned between the second pair of block valves on the drain line of the regeneration zone.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the catalyst that has been regenerated is transported through the drain line from the regeneration zone by ...

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Номер записи: 98
22-06-2017 дата публикации

Regeneration process for metal catalyst based gas purifiers

Номер: US20170173575A1
Автор: Erling Richard Anderson, John Michael Jewell, Roger Alan Rose, Stephen Mitchell Carlton, Steven Bruce Dawes
Принадлежит: Corning Inc

Disclosed herein are methods for regenerating metal catalysts used in the purification of inert gases for use in fiber draw furnaces and other applications. The methods described herein can regenerate metal catalysts alone or in combination with molecular sieves. The methods disclosed herein are able to prevent the formation and retention of unwanted byproducts during and after the regeneration process, thereby efficiently converting oxidized catalysts to their reduced or elemental form. Gases purified with catalysts regenerated by the methods disclosed herein, when used in fiber draw furnaces and similar applications, can lead to extended equipment lifetimes and higher-quality products due to the lack of degradation by contaminants in the gas stream.

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Номер записи: 99
06-06-2019 дата публикации

ALLOYED ZEOLITE CATALYST COMPONENT, METHOD FOR MAKING AND CATALYTIC APPLICATION THEREOF

Номер: US20190168192A1
Автор: Gaffney Anne Mae
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) generally relates to a solid catalyst component comprising a zeolite with a modifier and at least one Group VIII meal alloyed with at least one transition metal. The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) further relates to a method of making the solid catalyst component and a process of converting mixed waste plastics into low molecular weight organic compounds using the solid catalyst component. 113.-. (canceled)14. A process of converting a mixed waste plastic into a low molecular weight organic compound , comprising the steps of(a) feeding particles of the mixed waste plastic and a solid catalyst component into a fluidized bed reactor, the solid catalyst component comprising (i) a modified zeolite and (ii) alloyed metals comprising at least one noble metal alloyed with at least one transition metal, wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of chabazite, erionite, faujasite, ferrierite, mordenite, offretite, TEA-mordenite, zeolite A, zeolite beta, zeolite boron beta, zeolite L, zeolite X, zeolite Y, zeolite ZK-5, Breck-6, HZSM-5, ITQ-1, ITQ-21, MCM-22, MCM-36, MCM-39, MCM-41, MCM-48, PSH-3, SUZ-4, EU-1, SAPO-5, SAPO-11, SAPO-34, (S)AIPO-31, SSZ-23, SSZ-32, TUD-1, VPI-5, ZSM-4, ZSM-5, ZSM-8, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-20, ZSM-21, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-34, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, ZSM-48, ZSM-50, ZSM-57, and combinations thereof, and wherein the modified zeolite is modified with a modifier selected from the group consisting of (1) phosphorous, (2) boron, (3) phosphorous and boron, (4) an additive selected from the group consisting of gallium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, and combinations thereof, and (5) combinations thereof;(b) heating the particles of the mixed waste plastic and the solid catalyst component at a temperature effective to produce a coarse filler, inorganic components, coke, a volatile organic component, and a spent catalyst component;(c) withdrawing a first stream ...

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Номер записи: 100