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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 3185. Отображено 100.
29-06-2021 дата публикации

Устройство усовершенствованной микроповерхностной реакции гидрирования с нисходящим потоком и фиксированным слоем для производства нефтепродуктов

Номер: RU0000205181U1

Полезная модель относится к устройству усовершенствованной микроповерхностной реакции гидрирования с нисходящим потоком и фиксированным слоем для производства нефтепродуктов. Устройство включает в себя реактор с фиксированным слоем и генератор микроповерхностей, при этом генератор микроповерхностей расположен над реактором с фиксированным слоем для преобразования энергии давления водорода и/или кинетической энергии нефтепродукта во время реакции в поверхностную энергию пузырька и передачи поверхностной энергии пузырьку водорода, так что пузырек водорода дробится на микропузырьки и микропузырьки смешиваются с нефтепродуктом в процессе реакции для образования газожидкостной эмульсии; реактор с фиксированным слоем используется в качестве места протекания реакции гидрирования для образования стабильной усовершенствованной газожидкостной системы для реакции с фиксированным слоем, когда газожидкостная эмульсия поступает в реактор с фиксированным слоем; резервуар для разделения газа и жидкости соединен с реактором с фиксированным слоем для отделения газа от жидкости в смеси, являющейся результатом реакции в реакторе с фиксированным слоем. Устройство микроповерхностной реакции гидрирования с фиксированным слоем имеет преимущества низкого потребления энергии, низкого рабочего давления, большой площади межфазной границы массопереноса газ-жидкость, высокой видимой скорости реакции и высокой эффективности использования газа. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 205 181 U1 (51) МПК B01J 8/02 (2006.01) C10G 45/08 (2006.01) C10G 45/22 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 8/02 (2021.02); C10G 45/08 (2021.02); C10G 45/22 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020129865, 06.06.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 29.06.2021 15.03.2019 CN 201910196596.X (45) Опубликовано: 29.06.2021 Бюл. № 19 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 10.09.2020 (73) ...

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10-01-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen generation assemblies and hydrogen purification devices

Номер: US20130011301A1
Автор: David J. Edlund
Принадлежит: Edlund David J

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a vaporization region with packing material configured to transfer heat from a heated exhaust stream to a liquid-containing feed stream, and/or an insulation base adjacent a combustion region and configured to reduce external temperature of an enclosure. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a cooling block configured to maintain an igniter assembly in thermal communication with a feed stream conduit, an igniter assembly including a catalytic coating, and/or a fuel stream distribution assembly. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a heat conducting assembly configured to conduct heat from external heaters to an enclosure portion. In some embodiments, the devices may include frames with membrane support structures and/or may include a microscreen structure configured to prevent intermetallic diffusion.

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14-02-2013 дата публикации

Olefin Hydration Process with an Integrated Membrane Reactor

Номер: US20130041186A1
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

An olefin hydration process and reactor are provided, wherein an integrated membrane selectively removes alcohol product from the reactor, thereby allowing for increased yields.

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14-03-2013 дата публикации

Filtration Tray For Fixed Bed Reactor With A Co-Current Down-Flow Of Gas And Liquid

Номер: US20130064727A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The device described in the present invention can trap plugging particles contained in the liquid feed supplying a reactor functioning in gas and liquid co-current down-flow mode using a specific distributor tray comprising a filtration medium. 1. A device for filtering and distributing a gas phase and a liquid phase , said device comprising a tray constituted by a substantially horizontal base plane to which substantially vertical chimneys are fixed which are opened at their upper end to admit gas and at their lower end to evacuate gas-liquid mixture , said chimneys being perforated over a certain fraction of their height by a continuous lateral slot or lateral orifices for the admission of liquid , said tray supporting a filtration bed surrounding the chimneys and said filtration bed having at least one layer of particles with a size which is less than or equal to the size of the particles of the catalytic bed.2. The device according to claim 1 , in which the filtration bed has at least two layers of particles claim 1 , the particle size of a given layer being less than the particle size of the immediately upper layer.3. The device according to claim 1 , in which the density of the chimneys is in the range from 10 to 150 per msection of bed.4. The device according to any one of claim 1 , in which the lateral slot or the lateral orifices of the chimneys extend from a lower position located at least 50 mm above the base plane of the tray claim 1 , to an upper position located at most 20 mm above the upper level of the filtration bed.5. The device according to claim 1 , in which the total height of the filtration bed is in the range from 200 mm to 1500 mm.6. The device according to claim 1 , in which the chimneys of the tray exceed the upper level of the filtration bed by a height (H′) of at least 30 mm7. The device according to claim 2 , in which the particle size of the upper layer of the filtration bed is in the range from 5 to 30 mm claim 2 , and the particle ...

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

CATALYTIC REACTOR WITH BOX DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20130220886A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The catalytic reactor consists of a chamber that contains at least one catalyst bed in solid form, with the reactor being supplied with effluent to be treated by a pipe that empties into a separation means between gas and liquid, with the liquid obtained from the separator being collected in a tank, and a plate being arranged between the separation means and the solid catalyst bed . The plate consists of at least two closed boxes , with at least two vertical tubes provided with openings linking with the interiors of the boxes passing through the boxes, and with the liquid distribution means channeling the liquid from the tank into said boxes 11234479429101112108710) Catalytic reactor comprising a chamber () that contains at least one solid catalyst bed () , with the reactor being supplied with gas and liquid effluents to be treated by a pipe () that empties into a separation means () between gas and liquid , with the liquid obtained from the separation means () being collected in a tank () , and a plate () being arranged between the separation means () and the solid catalyst bed () , characterized in that the plate () consists of at least two closed boxes () , with at least two vertical tubes () provided with openings () linking with the interiors of the boxes () passing through the boxes , and with the liquid distribution means () channeling the liquid from the tank () into said boxes ().281211) Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein at least the distribution means () and the openings () are sized in such a way that during the operation of the reactor claim 1 , the boxes () are filled with liquid.311) Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said boxes () have a height of between 20 and 100 mm.41113101314) Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the tubes () comprise a portion () that is located above the boxes () claim 1 , with said portion () being provided with an opening ().54413742417) Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the separation means () consist of a ...

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21-11-2013 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

Номер: US20130310601A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

The invention relates to processes for converting hydrocarbons to phthalic acids such as terephthalic acid. The invention also relates to polymerizing phthalic acid derivatives to produce, e.g., synthetic fibers.

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30-01-2014 дата публикации

Process for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons

Номер: US20140031598A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A process comprising feeding bromine into a first reactor; feeding low molecular weight alkanes into the first reactor; and withdrawing alkyl bromides from the first reactor wherein the bromine and low molecular weight alkanes are fed through an apparatus that rapidly mixes the bromine and low molecular weight alkanes. A process is disclosed further comprising reacting the alkyl bromides to form aromatic hydrocarbons.

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07-01-2021 дата публикации

Bi-Modal Radial Flow Reactor

Номер: US20210001296A1
Принадлежит: Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP

A bi-modal radial flow reactor comprising a cylindrical outer housing surrounding at least five cylindrical, concentric zones, including at least three annulus vapor zones and at least two catalyst zones. The at least two catalyst zones comprise an outer catalyst zone and an inner catalyst zone. The at least three annulus vapor zones comprise an outer annulus vapor zone, a middle annulus vapor zone, and a central annulus vapor zone, wherein the central annulus vapor zone extends along a centerline of the bi-modal radial flow reactor. The outer catalyst zone is intercalated with the outer annulus vapor zone and the middle annulus vapor zone, and the inner catalyst zone is intercalated with the middle annulus vapor zone and the central annulus vapor zone. A removable head cover can be fixably coupled to a top of the cylindrical outer housing to seal a top of the bi-modal radial flow reactor.

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

FLUID DISTRIBUTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MULTIBED REACTORS

Номер: US20150001742A1
Автор: Chen Pengfei, Xu Zhanping
Принадлежит:

A fluid distribution device is presented for the collection and distribution of fluid between reactor beds. According to various aspects, the device includes a collection tray, a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the collection tray, a rough distribution tray in fluid communication with the mixing chamber, and a fine distribution tray in fluid communication with the rough distribution tray. The rough distribution tray includes a vapor chimney. 1. A device for the distribution of fluid over the top of a reactor bed , comprising:a collection tray having a top and a bottom, and having outlet ports therethrough;a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the collection tray outlet ports, and having a mixing chamber outlet;a rough distribution tray in fluid communication with the mixing chamber outlet having rough distribution tray liquid outlet ports therethrough;a distribution tray vapor chimney of the distribution tray positioned radially outwardly of the mixing chamber outlet;an upper opening of the distribution tray vapor chimney above a normal operation liquid level of the distribution tray and providing fluid communication from above to below the rough distribution tray;a vapor chimney body having a radially inwardly tapered cross section to reduce restriction of outward fluid flow along the rough distribution tray and to damp swirling fluid flow on the rough distribution tray.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the distribution tray vapor chimney body includes a cross section selected from one of a triangular cross section claim 1 , a trapezoidal cross section claim 1 , and a pie-shaped cross section.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the distribution tray vapor chimney opening has a weighted open area center positioned at a radius from a center of the rough liquid distribution tray of between about 50-70% of a total radius of the rough liquid distribution tray.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a width of an inner side portion to a width of ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

HEAT AND HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE

Номер: US20180001289A1
Принадлежит: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

A burner combustion chamber (), a burner () for performing a burner combustion in the burner combustion chamber () a reformer catalyst () to which burner combustion gas is fed, and a heat exchange part () for heating the air fed to the burner () are provided. A switching device () able to switch an air flow route for introducing the outside air to the burner () between a high temperature air flow route () for introducing the outside air flowing within the heat exchange part () and heated at the heat exchange part() to the burner () and a low temperature air flow route () for feeding the outside air, which does not flow within the heat exchange part () and thereby is lower in temperature than the outside air heated at the heat exchange part (), to the burner () is provided. 1. A heat and hydrogen generation device comprising a housing , a burner combustion chamber formed in the housing , a burner having a fuel injection port and an air feed port for performing a burner combustion in the burner combustion chamber , a fuel feed device for feeding fuel to the fuel injection port , an air feed device for feeding air to the air feed port , and a reformer catalyst arranged in the housing and to which a burner combustion gas generated in the burner combustion chamber is fed , the air feed device being provided with a heat exchange part for heating air fed to the air feed port by the burner combustion gas , heat and hydrogen being generated by performing the burner combustion , wherein said air feed device is provided with a switching device able to switch an air flow route for introducing an outside air to said air feed port between a high temperature air flow route for introducing the outside air flowing within said heat exchange part and heated at said heat exchange part to said air feed port and a low temperature air flow route for feeding the outside air , which does not flow within said heat exchange part , and thereby is lower in temperature than the outside air ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

Hydrogen gas generating system and method with buffer tank

Номер: US20200002164A1
Принадлежит: Galaxy Fct Sdn Bhd

A hydrogen gas generating system that heats a liquid reactant such as water, then channeling the resultant heated reactant to a reaction chamber containing a solid hydride. The chemical reaction between the heated liquid reactant and solid hydride forming hydrogen gas. This hydrogen gas is then filtered and regulated before being stored in a buffer tank. Hydrogen gas from the buffer tank can then be supplied to a fuel cell to produce electricity as and when needed, such as when a battery goes below a predetermined level. The pressure of the buffer tank is measured and used to ascertain when the hydrogen gas generation should start and stop. A pressure and temperature of the reaction chamber is measured as a safety precaution, whereby the reaction will be stopped if the pressure and temperature exceeds predetermined values.

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13-01-2022 дата публикации

Processes and systems for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes

Номер: US20220009856A1
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

A process for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include combining one or more aromatic feed chemicals, one or more aromatic-based polymers, hydrodearylation catalyst, and hydrogen in a hydrodearylation unit to form a chemical product. The process may also include passing the chemical product out of the hydrodearylation unit, where the chemical product comprises one or more of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes. Additionally, a system for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include a mixing unit and a hydrodearylation unit. An aromatic feed stream and an aromatic-based polymer stream may be in fluid communication with a mixing unit. A mixing unit effluent stream may be in fluid communication between the mixing unit and the hydrodearylation unit. A chemical product stream may be in fluid communication with the hydrodearylation unit.

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11-01-2018 дата публикации

CATALYTIC REACTION ANALYSIS DUAL REACTOR SYSTEM AND A CALIBRATION METHOD FOR CORRECTING NON-CATALYTIC EFFECTS USING THE DUAL REACTOR SYSTEM

Номер: US20180008947A1
Принадлежит:

A catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system and a method for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst by correcting for non-catalytic effects with the catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system. The dual reactor system contains a first reactor comprising a first catalyst on a first catalyst support, and a second reactor comprising a second catalyst support, wherein the particle size and amount of the first catalyst and the second catalyst support are substantially the same, and the effect of the catalyst is isolated by correcting the result obtained from the first reactor containing the catalyst with the result obtained from the second reactor containing the catalyst support. 1. A catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system , comprising:a gas loop comprising an inert gas source, a feed gas source, a gas feed line, a first reactor feed line and second reactor feed line, wherein the inert gas source and the feed gas source are in fluid communication with the gas feed line and the gas feed line is in fluid communication with the first and second reactor feed lines;a first reactor comprising a first catalyst chamber loaded with a catalyst comprising a first catalyst on a first catalyst support, a first reactor inlet on an upstream side of the first catalyst chamber and a first reactor outlet on a downstream side of the first catalyst chamber;a second reactor comprising a second catalyst chamber loaded with a second catalyst support, a second reactor inlet on an upstream side of the second catalyst chamber and a second reactor outlet on a downstream side of the second catalyst chamber;wherein the first and second catalyst chambers are substantially the same and the particle size and amount of the first catalyst and the second catalyst support are substantially the same;a gas analyzer comprising an analysis feed line downstream of and connected to the first and second reactor outlets;wherein the first and second reactor are connected in parallel to ...

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11-01-2018 дата публикации

System for improved hydrogen distribution in a metal hydride reactor

Номер: US20180009660A1
Принадлежит: Thermax Ltd

A system for distribution of hydrogen gas in a metal hydride reactor is disclosed. The system comprises a hydrogen distribution conduit positioned within a metal tube so as to define an annular space between the hydrogen distribution conduit and the outer metal tube. The hydrogen distribution conduit provides a flow passage for the hydrogen gas. A metal sponge matrix containing hydrogen-storing metal powder or hydrogen-storing alloy powder is filled in the annular space. The system provides a more uniform distribution of hydrogen across the particles of the hydrogen-storing metal/alloy powder, provides mechanical support to the hydrogen distribution conduit, improves the thermal conductivity of the powdered metal/alloy bed and reduces the size and production cost of the reactor.

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14-01-2021 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ESTER

Номер: US20210009499A1
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL CORPORATION

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester, wherein the risk of polymerization blockage is reduced and the required equipment cost and workload involved are kept low while maintaining a high conversion rate in an esterification reaction of unsaturated carboxylic acid. This object can be achieved by a method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester, which includes performing an esterification reaction using a reactor packed with a solid catalyst, wherein unsaturated carboxylic acid and alcohol are continuously fed to the reactor from an inlet thereof to form a fluid of the reaction solution in the reactor, and the vaporized organic solvent is continuously fed to the reactor from the inlet or a part near the inlet of the reactor. 1. A method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester by an esterification reaction of unsaturated carboxylic acid and alcohol using a reactor packed with a solid catalyst , comprising:a step of continuously feeding unsaturated carboxylic acid and alcohol to the reactor from an inlet of the reactor to form a fluid of the reaction solution within the reactor; anda step of continuously feeding a vaporized organic solvent into the reactor from the inlet of or a part near the inlet of the reactor.2. The method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is an aliphatic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon.3. The method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester according to claim 1 , wherein the boiling point of the organic solvent under atmospheric pressure is lower than the boiling point of the unsaturated carboxylic acid under atmospheric pressure.4. The method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is toluene.5. The method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a vertical reactor and the fluid of the ...

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14-01-2021 дата публикации

ONLINE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDE USING A CATALYST BED

Номер: US20210009515A1
Принадлежит:

A method of producing an organic peroxide includes introducing an organic solution and a peroxide solution into a mixing tank to form a mixture. The method further includes circulating the mixture over a fixed catalyst bed to form the organic peroxide and measuring a concentration of the organic peroxide in the mixture. Further, the method includes removing at least a portion of the mixture when the concentration reaches a set value. 1. A method of producing an organic peroxide comprising:introducing an organic solution and a peroxide solution into a mixing tank to form a mixture;circulating the mixture over a fixed catalyst bed to form the organic peroxide;measuring a concentration of the organic peroxide in the mixture; andremoving at least a portion of the mixture when the concentration reaches a set value.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the peroxide solution comprises hydrogen peroxide and water.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the peroxide solution comprises 10 to 50 wt % of hydrogen peroxide based on a total weight of the peroxide solution.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solution comprises water and an organic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organic solution comprises 10 to 50 wt % of the organic acid based on a total weight of the organic solution.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed catalyst bed comprises an acid resin.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the set value is between 50 and 2000 ppm of the organic peroxide.10. A system for online production of an organic peroxide comprising:a mixing tank;a peroxide supply in fluid communication with the mixing tank and configured to supply a peroxide solution to the mixing tank;an organic supply in fluid communication with the mixing tank ...

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10-01-2019 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Process and Device Utilizing Structured Catalyst Beds for Production of a Low Sulfur Heavy Marine Fuel Oil

Номер: US20190010408A1
Принадлежит: Magēmā Technology, LLC

A multi-stage process for the distributive production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize the one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed. 1. A process for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: mixing a quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive conditions to promote the formation of a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture , wherein said one or more catalysts are in the form of a structured catalyst bed; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the liquid components of the Process Mixture from the bulk gaseous components of the Process Mixture; and separating any residual gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components from the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the structured catalyst bed comprises a plurality of catalyst retention structures claim 1 , each catalyst retention structure composed of a pair of fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets claim 1 , wherein the pair of the fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets are aligned such that the corrugations are out of phase and thereby defining a catalyst rich space and a catalyst lean space within the structured catalyst bed claim 1 , ...

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03-02-2022 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LOWER OLEFIN-CONTAINING GAS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LOWER OLEFIN-CONTAINING GAS

Номер: US20220032252A1
Принадлежит: FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

An apparatus and method for producing a lower olefin-containing gas including propylene from CHand COvia CO and Hwith high activity and high selectivity. The apparatus is provided with: a synthetic gas production unit to which a gas containing CHand COis supplied from a first supply unit, and which generates a synthetic gas containing CO and Hwhile heating a first catalytic structure; a gas production unit to which the synthetic gas is supplied and which generates a lower olefin-containing gas including propylene while heating a second catalytic structure; and a detection unit which detects propylene discharged from the gas production unit, in which the first catalytic structure includes first supports having a porous structure and a first metal fine particle in the first supports, the first supports have a first channels, the first metal fine particle is present in the first channels, the second catalyst structure includes second supports having a porous structure and a second metal fine particle in the second supports, the second supports have a second channels, and a portion of the second channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less. 1. An apparatus for producing a lower olefin-containing gas containing propylene , the apparatus comprising:a first supply unit that supplies a raw material gas comprising methane and carbon dioxide;a synthesis gas production unit that comprises a first catalyst structure, receives supply of the raw material gas from the first supply unit, and produces a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen from methane and carbon dioxide in the raw material gas while heating the first catalyst structure;a second supply unit that supplies the synthesis gas discharged from the synthesis gas production unit;a lower olefin-containing gas production unit that comprises a second catalyst structure, receives supply of the synthesis gas from the second supply unit, and produces, from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the ...

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19-01-2017 дата публикации

SCALE COLLECTION AND PREDISTRIBUTION TRAY FOR VESSEL WITH DOWNWARD TWO-PHASE FLOW

Номер: US20170015917A1
Автор: Muller Morten
Принадлежит: MORTEN MULLER LTD. APS

Vapor and liquid flow concurrently down through a vertical vessel. A horizontal scale collection and predistribution tray is located in the vessel to remove solid contaminants and to redistribute the liquid to a fine distribution tray. The scale collection and predistribution tray consists of a tray plate with a scale collection zone where the solid contaminants settle and deposit. In one embodiment, an upstanding permeable wall forms the scale collection zone, and liquid is filtered as it flows through the permeable wall, leaving the solid contaminants trapped upstream from the permeable wall. The predistribution tray has a rim provided with a slotted weir. Liquid from the scale collection zone forms a liquid level in a trough located between the permeable wall and the weir. Due to the uniform liquid level in the trough, liquid flow rates through the slots in the weir are nearly equal. Because of the polygonal shape of the tray, the liquid exits the slots in a direction along lanes defined between distribution units on the fine distribution tray, and the amount of liquid entering the vapor inlets of the distribution units is therefore small. Vapor by-passes the scale collection and pre-distribution tray through the area between the reactor wall and the permeable wall, and through the area between the reactor wall and the weir to the fine distribution tray. The scale collection and predistribution tray protects the fine distribution tray and the catalyst bed from fouling, pre-distributes liquid to the fine distribution tray to minimize level gradients on this tray, and reduces flow velocities to ensure calm flow conditions on the fine distribution tray. 1. A method for removal of solid contaminants from a process stream comprising a vapor and a liquid and for predistribution of the liquid to a fine distribution tray in a catalytic reactor vessel with concurrent downflow of the vapor and the liquid , the method comprising the steps of:providing a scale collection and ...

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

REACTORS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR FORMING SOLID PRODUCTS

Номер: US20160016800A1
Автор: Noyes Dallas B.
Принадлежит: Seerstone LLC

A reactor includes a vessel, a gas inlet, a solid outlet, a catalyst support configured to at least partially retain a catalyst material and allow a tail gas to pass therethrough, and a tail gas outlet. The gas inlet is in fluid communication with the solid outlet. A system for producing a solid product includes a reactor, a compressor, a heater, a make-up reactive gas inlet, and a solids discharge means for removing the solid product from the solid outlet of the reactor. Methods of forming solid products include providing a catalyst material in a vessel having a porous catalyst support, delivering a reactive gas to the vessel, reacting the reactive gas to form a solid product and a tail gas in the vessel, passing the tail gas through a portion of the catalyst material to separate the solid product from the tail gas, and removing the solid product.

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18-01-2018 дата публикации

Purified Silicon, Devices and Systems for Producing Same

Номер: US20180016151A1
Автор: Showalter M. Robert
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides devices and systems that utilize concurrent and countercurrent exchange platforms to produce purified silicon. 1. A device for purifying silicon comprising:a vessel having a top end, an opposing bottom end, and a sidewall extending between the opposing ends and defining a chamber;a silicon inlet at a top portion of the vessel for introducing molten silicon into the chamber;a gas injection structure at a bottom portion of the vessel, the gas injection structure having a plurality of orifices for introducing a gas comprising oxygen into the chamber in the form of bubbles, where introduction of the gas bubbles into the molten silicon oxidizes silicon at the outside of the bubbles and produces a plurality of in situ silica-walled gas filled beads in the chamber;a countercurrent exchange section located between the silicon inlet and the gas injection structure, the countercurrent exchange section comprising(1) a controlled downward flow of the molten silicon;(2) a controlled upward flow of the beads;wherein the countercurrent flow between the molten silicon and the silica-walled gas filled beads provides intimate high area contact between the down-flowing molten silicon and the up-flowing beads that enables impurities present in the molten silicon to transfer into the up-flowing silica walled gas filled beads so that the down-flowing molten silicon is purified.2. The device of wherein the transfer of impurities to the silica-walled gas filled beads convert the relatively pure bead silica walls initially formed by bubbling to less pure bead silica walls claim 1 , so that the plurality of up-flowing gas filled beads carry impurities upward as the molten silicon flows downward.3. The device of wherein the countercurrent exchange section has a volume and the volume comprises a packed bed the of beads and interstitial molten silicon.4. The device of wherein the countercurrent exchange section comprises from 20 vol % to 35 vol % molten silicon ...

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17-01-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING FLOW IN RADIAL FLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20190015807A1
Принадлежит:

A scallop, center pipe, and outer basket for use in a radial flow reactor are provided. Each of the scallop, the center pipe, and the outer basket is formed of an elongated conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end, and a plurality of openings formed in the elongated conduit through a thickness thereof. A diameter of the plurality of openings progressively increases or decreases from the top end to the opposing bottom end of the elongated conduit so as to allow a feedstock to flow radially out through the plurality of openings on the scallop or outer basket, or to allow a feedstock to flow uniformly into the center pipe through the plurality of openings. A system utilizing the center pipe together with either the scallop or the outer basket is also provided. 1. A scallop for use in a radial flow reactor , comprising:an elongated conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end and a rounded distribution side;a plurality of openings formed in the elongated conduit through a thickness thereof,wherein a diameter of the plurality of openings progressively increases or decreases from the top end to the opposing bottom end of the elongated conduit so as to allow a feedstock to flow uniformly out of the scallop through the plurality of openings; anda profile wire scallop overlay positioned on the rounded distribution side of the elongated conduit to prevent catalyst particles from flowing into the scallop.2. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of openings are generally circular claim 1 , square claim 1 , rectangular claim 1 , triangular claim 1 , oval claim 1 , or oblong in shape.3. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the elongated conduit is formed of stainless steel.4. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the elongated conduit has a back side and with the rounded distribution side forms a “D”-shaped cross section.5. (canceled)6. The scallop of claim 4 , wherein the radial flow reactor includes a reactor vessel claim 4 , and the back side of the elongated ...

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

Cylindrical Wall for Filtering Solid Particles in a Fluid

Номер: US20200016559A1
Принадлежит:

A cylindrical wall () for filtering solid particles in a fluid, through which a fluid is likely to circulate, this wall comprising 114.-. (canceled)15. A cylindrical wall for filtering solid particles in a fluid , through which this fluid is to circulate , this wall comprisingat least one perforated plate having a finite radius of curvature, andat least one grating element superposed on this perforated plate, this grating element comprising a plurality of rigid wires extending in a longitudinal direction and positioned adjacent to one another in order to filter the solid particles,characterized in thatthe grating element is arranged for the wires to be secured to one another only by means of links between adjacent wires, each link between two adjacent wires occupying only a portion of the length of said wires, and having a thickness less than or equal to the thickness of these wires in proximity to this link.16. The wall as claimed in claim 15 , whereineach link between two wires extends radially between an inner link end facing the perforated plate and an outer link end,in proximity to this link, each of these two wires extends radially between an inner wire end intended to be facing the perforated plate and an outer wire end,characterized in that,for at least one link between two wires, the outer end of said link is within the outer wire ends of said two adjacent wires, such that these two wires and this link define a groove forming a passage between the spaces between these wires on either side of this link.17. The wall as claimed in claim 15 , wherein at least one wire has claim 15 , over all of its length claim 15 , a section whose width claim 15 , in the tangential direction claim 15 , is smaller at a first end of wire section facing the perforated plate than at a second end of wire section opposite this first end.18. The wall as claimed in claim 15 , wherein claim 15 , for at least one wire secured to a first and a second adjacent wires situated on either ...

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND FOR FUSING ULTRA-DENSE HYDROGEN

Номер: US20170022055A1
Автор: Kotzias Bernhard
Принадлежит:

A method for generating and for fusing ultra-dense hydrogen in which molecular hydrogen is fed into at least one cavity and catalyzed, where the splitting and subsequent condensation of the molecular hydrogen is initiated on a catalyst of the cavity to form an ultra-dense hydrogen. The ultra-dense hydrogen is exposed to pressure or electromagnetic radiation to initiate fusion of the ultra-dense hydrogen in the at least one cavity and the reaction heat is led out from the at least one cavity. The pressure as mechanical resonance or the electromagnetic radiation as electromagnetic resonance amplifies the field and therefore the effect. Also, an apparatus for carrying out the method is disclosed. 113-. (canceled)14. A method for generating and for fusing ultra-dense hydrogen , in which molecular hydrogen is led into at least one cavity and catalyzed , comprising the following steps:initiating condensation of the molecular hydrogen at a catalyst of the cavity to an ultra-dense hydrogen,initiating fusion of the ultra-dense hydrogen in the at least one cavity, andguiding reaction heat out from the at least one cavity.15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein molecular hydrogen is bound to the ultra-dense hydrogen after the condensing.16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the fusion is initiated electrically claim 14 , electromagnetically or mechanically.17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the reaction heat guided out from the at least one cavity is used for further initiation of fusion.18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the reaction heat guided out from the at least one cavity is converted into mechanical claim 14 , electrical or chemical energy.19. An apparatus for carrying out a method for generating and for fusing ultra-dense hydrogen claim 14 , in which molecular hydrogen is led into at least one cavity and catalyzed claim 14 , comprising the steps of initiating condensation of the molecular hydrogen at a catalyst of the cavity to ...

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10-02-2022 дата публикации

Device And Method For Improving Specific Energy Requirement Of Plasma Pyrolyzing Or Reforming Systems

Номер: US20220040656A1
Принадлежит:

Devices and methods for reducing the specific energy required to reform or pyrolyze reactants in plasmas operating at high flow rates and high pressures are presented. These systems and methods include 1) introducing electrons and/or easily ionized materials to a plasma reactor, 2) increasing turbulence and swirl velocity of the flows of feed gases to have improved mixing in a plasma reactor, and 3) reducing slippage from a plasma reactor system. Such plasma systems may allow plasma reactors to operate at lower temperatures, higher pressure, with improved plasma ignition, increased throughput and improved energy efficiency. In preferred embodiments, the plasma reactors are used to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon, or carbon monoxide through reforming and pyrolysis reactions. Preferred feedstocks include methane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons. 1. A plasma reactor system for the conversion of one or more reactants into products , comprising:a catalyzing or seeding unit;a tornado inlet unit having a tornado chamber inlet;a plasma reactor;and a second stage reactor unit;wherein a first portion of reactants enters the catalyzing or seeding unit, wherein the catalyzing or seeding unit introduces a flow of electrons, easily ionizable materials, or both electrons and easily ionizable materials into the first portion of reactants;wherein an output of the catalyzing or seeding unit is in communication with the tornado inlet unit;wherein a second portion of reactants enter the tornado inlet unit via the tornado chamber inlet, wherein an outlet of the tornado inlet unit is in communication with the plasma reactor;wherein the plasma reactor increases the temperature of the first portion of reactants and the second portion of reactants;wherein the first portion of reactants and the second portion of reactants are converted into a product within the plasma reactor, the second stage reactor unit, or both the plasma reactor and the second stage ...

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon Dehydrocyclization in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20180022667A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

The invention relates to converting non-aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of CO 2 to produce aromatic hydrocarbon. CO 2 methanation using molecular hydrogen produced during the aromatization increases aromatic hydrocarbon yield. The invention also relates to equipment and materials useful in such upgrading, to processes for carrying out such upgrading, and to the use of such processes for, e.g., natural gas upgrading.

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23-01-2020 дата публикации

Cover system for a solid particle lining and reactor comprising such a system

Номер: US20200023329A1
Автор: Bernard Poussin
Принадлежит: Crealyst Group SAS

The invention relates to a cover system ( 5 ) for a solid particle lining ( 3 ) comprising an articulated structure ( 11 ) and an annular casing ( 13 ) covering the articulated structure ( 11 ), the casing ( 13 ) being formed by metal plates ( 16, 17 ) sealingly mounted so as to be movable relative to each other, the articulated structure ( 11 ) having metal skirts ( 31 ) forming articulated concentric circles ( 33 ) for supporting the plates ( 16, 17 ) of the casing ( 13 ) and adapting to the deformations of the lining ( 3 ), and metal elements ( 35 ) forming articulated spacers ( 37 ) making it possible to maintain a spacing between the articulated concentric circles ( 33 ) and to adapt to the deformations of the lining ( 3 ).

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01-02-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND APPARATUSES FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH REACTOR CASCADE

Номер: US20180029003A1
Принадлежит:

Methods, systems and apparatuses are disclosed for a Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) operation including a first FT stage comprising at least one FT reactor having a first FT catalyst and a first heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume configured to receive a first feed comprising synthesis gas and to convert a first portion of the synthesis gas in the first feed into first FT products. The disclosure also provides for a separation apparatus configured to separate the first FT products into first liquid FT hydrocarbons and first FT tail gas comprising unreacted syngas and for a second FT stage comprising at least one second FT reactor, having a second FT catalyst and a second heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume different from the first heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume, and configured to receive a second feed comprising the first FT tail gas and to convert at least a portion of the second feed into a second FT products. 1. A Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) reactor system , the system comprising:a. a first FT reactor having a first FT catalyst and a first heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume ratio, the first FT reactor configured to receive a first feed comprising synthesis gas and, operating at first FT conditions, to convert a first portion of the synthesis gas in the first feed into first FT products comprising FT hydrocarbons and leave unconverted a second portion of the synthesis gas;b. a first separation apparatus configured to receive the first FT products as at least part of its feed and to separate the first FT products into first liquid FT hydrocarbons and first FT tail gas stream comprising unreacted syngas; andc. a second FT reactor, having a second FT catalyst and a second heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume ratio that is different from the first heat transfer surface area to catalyst volume ratio, in series with the first FT reactor and configured to receive a second feed comprising the first FT tail gas stream and, ...

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31-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS FOR FLUID CONTACTING IN A DOWNFLOW VESSEL

Номер: US20190030495A1
Принадлежит:

A contacting device and method are presented for the collection, contacting, and distribution of fluids between particulate beds of a downflow vessel, which may operate in co-current flow. By one approach, the contacting device includes a liquid collection tray, a mixing channel in fluid communication with the liquid collection tray, and a liquid distribution zone. 1. A method for fluid contacting in a downflow vessel , the method comprising:collecting liquid on a liquid collection tray;passing at least a portion of the liquid through an inlet of an enclosed mixing channel of a mixing device and downstream through the mixing channel; andpassing at least a portion of vapor through a vapor inlet of the mixing channel downstream of the liquid inlet and across the liquid stream flowing through the mixing channel to contact the vapor and liquid in the mixing channel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein passing at least a portion of the vapor through the mixing channel vapor inlet further comprises passing at least a portion of the vapor into a lower portion of the mixing channel into the liquid flowing through the mixing channel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein passing at least a portion of the vapor through the mixing channel vapor inlet further comprises passing at least a portion of the vapor obliquely downstream into the mixing channel to facilitate the flow and contact of the liquid and vapor in the downstream direction.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein passing at least a portion of the vapor through the mixing channel vapor inlet further comprises passing at least a portion of the vapor through an upper chimney opening of a vapor chimney surrounding the vapor inlet and passing the vapor downwardly through the chimney to the mixing channel vapor inlet.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising passing at least another portion of the vapor through a second vapor inlet of the mixing channel at a different downstream distance from the liquid inlet than the first ...

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01-02-2018 дата публикации

ON-LINE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND THE USE THEREOF FOR ANALYZING CATALYTIC REACTIONS

Номер: US20180031527A1
Принадлежит:

An on-line gas chromatography system for a fixed-bed continuous flow reactor and a method for on-line gas analysis of a catalytic reaction using the gas chromatography system. A reactor flow loop, a gas chromatogram, and a hydrostatic regulator are present in the gas chromatography system, wherein the reactor flow loop contains a fixed-bed reactor, a purge gas source, a feed gas source, and a by-pass line for reaction calibration. 1. An on-line gas chromatography system for a fixed-bed continuous flow reactor , comprising: a fixed-bed continuous flow reactor having a reactor gas feed line and a reactor gas output line,', 'a purge gas source,', 'a feed gas source, and', 'a by-pass line;, 'a reactor flow loop, comprisingwherein the by-pass line, the reactor gas feed line, the reactor gas output line, the purge gas source, and the feed gas source, are in fluid communication;a gas chromatogram having a gas chromatogram gas inlet line and a gas chromatogram gas outlet line; and a vessel,', 'an exit end of the gas chromatogram gas outlet line, an exit end of the by-pass line, and', 'a liquid;, 'a hydrostatic pressure regulator, comprisingwherein the vessel contains the liquid and the vessel is in fluid communication with the exit end of the gas chromatogram gas outlet line and the exit end of the by-pass line; andwherein the exit end of the by-pass line is submerged in the liquid at a first depth and the exit end of the gas chromatogram gas outlet line is submerged in the liquid at a second depth that is less than the first depth, wherein the gas chromatogram gas outlet line has a first hydrostatic pressure and the by-pass line has a second hydrostatic pressure, and the first hydrostatic pressure is less than the second hydrostatic pressure;wherein the gas chromatogram is downstream of and in fluid communication with the reactor gas output line and the by-pass line through the gas chromatogram gas inlet line, and the gas chromatogram is upstream of and in fluid ...

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04-02-2021 дата публикации

SMALL CHANNEL SHORT FIXED BED ADIABATIC REACTOR FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

Номер: US20210031161A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are systems and processes for the conversion of a methane feedstock to C hydrocarbons. 1. A reactor system for an oxidative conversion of methane comprising:a reactor vessel having a reactant inlet and a product outlet;a pre-heating component disposed within the reactor vessel configured to receive feedstock from the reactant inlet; andone or more reactor bodies configured to receive the feedstock from the reactant inlet via the pre-heating component, each reactor body having a plurality of channels extending there through, wherein the channels are configured to receive a catalyst.2. The reactor system of :{'sup': th', 'th, 'wherein the channels have a diameter, and wherein the catalyst has a particle size of from about ¼to about 1/20the size of the diameter of a channel, and'}wherein the reactor system further comprises one or more walls disposed adjacent one or more of the first surface and the second surface, wherein the walls are configured to maintain the catalyst within the channels.3. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-heating component comprises a silicon carbide claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , a metal coated with inert materials claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channels extend in parallel and are conterminous.5. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor bodies have a cylindrical shape and have a diameter of about 20 mm or greater.6. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein at least one channel of the plurality of channels has a length no greater than 300 mm.7. The reactor system of claim 1 , at least one channel of the plurality of channels has a diameter of less than about 10 mm.8. The reactor system of claim 1 , at least one channel of the plurality of channels has a diameter of about 5 mm.9. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor body comprises an inert material having a thermal conductivity of at least about 2 Watts per meter Kelvin.10. The ...

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane

Номер: US20200031734A1
Принадлежит: Lummus Technology Inc

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C 2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C 2+ compounds.

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER IN DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS

Номер: US20200031739A1
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods of dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon in a fixed bed dehydrogenation unit. A method for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon is applied to a fixed bed reactor. The hydrocarbon flows to a fixed bed reactor to be dehydrogenated in presence of a catalyst in the fixed bed reactor. The catalyst in the fixed bed reactor is then regenerated. The period for dehydrogenation, the period for catalyst regeneration and the period for total slack time are controlled such that total slack time is less than both half of the period for dehydrogenation and half of the period for regeneration. One of the advantages of the process comes from optimization of the slack time, thereby increasing the catalyst utilization rate and number of reactors concurrently online. 1. A method of dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon , the method comprising:(1) flowing the hydrocarbon to a fixed bed reactor;(2) dehydrogenating the hydrocarbon in presence of a catalyst in the fixed bed reactor for period X, wherein the catalyst has life expectancy L;{'sub': '1', '(3) regenerating, after period X, the catalyst for period Y, wherein Zis a period between (2) and (3), if any,'}{'sub': 2', '1', '2', '1', '2, '(4) repeating (2), after period Y, wherein Zis a period between (3) and (4), if any, wherein Z>0 and/or Z>0 and Z=Z+Z, wherein a cycle of operating the fixed bed reactor is equal to X+Y+Z, wherein Z is a total period of the cycle in which neither (2) nor (3) is being carried out; and'}(5) controlling the length of period X, the length of period Y, and the length of period Z, by a controller, such that Z Подробнее

08-02-2018 дата публикации

Float valve for a chemical reactor

Номер: US20180036700A1
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe AS

A float valve for a chemical reactor has a central pipe which glides around a liquid transfer pipe when a liquid level rises and falls, thereby opening for fluid transfer through liquid transfer apertures in the transfer pipe when the liquid level is rising and shutting off for fluid transfer when the float lowers and seals against a sealing ring placed on the transfer pipe below the liquid transfer apertures.

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24-02-2022 дата публикации

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS WITH REDUCED HOUDRY LUMPS

Номер: US20220055002A1
Принадлежит: Sabic Global Technologies B.V.

Houdry lumps can be reduced by controlling the reactors in a fixed bed dehydrogenation process for producing olefins according to defined rules. A programmable logic controller can apply the rules to the operation of the dehydrogenation unit and control the operation of individual reactors according to the rules. By doing so, the performance of dehydrogenation units can be improved without adding any heat generating inerts, such as CuO-α alumina For example, the dehydrogenation units can be operated according to combinatorics in the programmable logic controller such that the farthest two reactors in the dehydrogenation unit never operate in parallel in the dehydrogenation or air regeneration steps. 1. A method of performing a fixed bed dehydrogenation process for producing olefins , the method comprising:controlling at least three fixed bed dehydrogenation reactors configured to dehydrogenate a hydrocarbon to produce an olefin, wherein the controlling is performed such that a farthest two of the reactors, by distance, from each other are not operated simultaneously in either of dehydrogenation processing and catalyst regeneration processing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein two or more of the reactors are allowed to be in the dehydrogenation processing and catalyst regeneration processing phases in parallel claim 1 , as long as the two farthest reactors are not in parallel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the number of reactors is 3 claim 1 , 4 claim 1 , 5 claim 1 , 8 claim 1 , or 10.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dehydrogenation processing is a propane dehydrogenation process.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the number of reactors are 8 or 10.6. The method of any one of claim 4 , wherein the dehydrogenation processing is an isobutane dehydrogenation process claim 4 , a n-butane to butene-1 dehydrogenation process claim 4 , or a butadiene or isopentane dehydrogenation process.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the number of reactors are 3 claim 6 , 4 ...

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07-02-2019 дата публикации

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION VIA AMMONIA DECOMPOSITION

Номер: US20190039887A1
Автор: Li Shiguang, Yu Miao
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods for hydrogen generation via ammonia decomposition that utilize a fixed bed reactor configured to receive inflows of NHand oxidant and to produce an outflow of high purity H. The fixed bed reactor contains a fixed bed of a NHdecomposition catalyst wherewith the NHdecomposes to form Nand H; a plurality of ceramic hollows fibers with a high surface to volume ratio disposed in the fixed bed, the hollow fibers having an Hselective membrane disposed thereon for extracting Hfrom Nand to form a permeate of the high purity Hand a retentate of primarily N; and a catalytic Hburner also disposed in the fixed bed, the catalytic Hburner for burning a portion of the Hwith the oxidant to provide thermal energy for the NHdecomposition. 1. A method for generating hydrogen via ammonia decomposition , the method comprising:introducing ammonia into a system comprising: [{'sub': 3', '3', '2', '2, 'a fixed bed of a NHdecomposition catalyst for NHdecomposition to form Nand H;'}, {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a plurality of ceramic hollows fibers with a high surface to volume ratio disposed in the fixed bed, the hollow fibers having an Hselective membrane disposed thereon for extracting Hfrom Nand to form a permeate comprising high purity Hand a retentate comprising primarily N; and'}, {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '3, 'a catalytic Hburner also disposed in the fixed bed, the catalytic Hburner for burning a portion of the Hto provide thermal energy for the NHdecomposition;'}], 'a fixed bed membrane reactor containing;'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2, 'decomposing at least a portion of the ammonia via the fixed bed of the NHdecomposition catalyst and thermal energy produced by the catalytic Hburner to form ammonia decomposition products including H; and'}{'sub': '2', 'separating at least a portion of the Hfrom the decomposition products.'}2. The method of wherein the ammonia introduced into the system comprises NHvapor at 10-15 bar.3. The method of wherein the separating at least a portion ...

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06-02-2020 дата публикации

LOW-CAPACITY COMPARTMENTALIZED REACTOR

Номер: US20200038829A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

Catalytic reactor () with radial flow of a hydrocarbon feedstock to be treated comprising: 110. A catalytic reactor () with radial flow of a hydrocarbon feedstock , said reactor comprising:at least one means for introducing said feedstock to be treated;at least one means for discharging the effluent resulting from the catalytic reaction;{'b': 13', '14', '15', '15, 'claim-text': [{'b': '16', 'at least one catalyst bed ();'}, {'b': 21', '22, 'at least one outer wall () and one inner wall () permeable respectively to the feedstock to be treated and to the effluent resulting from the catalytic reaction;'}, {'b': 23', '24, 'at least one first side wall () and one second side wall () impermeable to the feedstock to be treated;'}], 'a reaction zone () enclosed in a substantially cylindrical outer shell () that is in the form of at least one catalytic module () extending along the vertical axis (AX), said catalytic module () comprising{'b': 25', '15, 'at least one means () for supporting said catalytic module ();'}{'b': 29', '21', '22', '15, 'at least one means () for collecting the effluent resulting from the catalytic reaction extending along the axis (AX) in communication with said outer wall () or said inner wall () of said catalytic module ();'}{'b': 30', '15', '13, 'an annular zone () located at the same level as said catalytic module (), outside of the reaction zone (),'}said catalytic reactor being characterized in that:{'b': 15', '27', '13', '23', '24', '15', '30, 'when said catalytic reactor comprises a single catalytic module (), said reactor comprises an empty space () located outside of the reaction zone (), between the first side wall () and the second side wall () of said catalytic module (), and opening onto said annular zone (),'}{'b': 15', '27', '13', '23', '15', '24', '15', '15', '30, 'when said catalytic reactor comprises a plurality of catalytic modules (), said reactor comprises at least one empty space () located outside of the reaction zone (), ...

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15-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR TREATING OFF GAS AND PRODUCING HYDROGEN

Номер: US20180044178A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a hydrogen rich gas from an off gas. Further, the invention relates to a system for operating said method. 1. A method for treating an off gas , said off gas being a tail gas of a Fischer-Tropsch reaction , said method comprising the following steps:(1) feeding said off gas and an appropriate amount of steam to a reforming unit comprising a steam methane reforming reactor, obtaining a first effluent;(2) feeding said first effluent and optionally an appropriate amount of steam through a high, medium or low temperature shift reactor(s) or a combination thereof to convert at least part of the carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, to obtain a second effluent;(3) optionally, removing bulk water from the second effluent obtained in steps (1) or (2);(4) feeding the second effluent of step (2)and/or (3) through a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit operated such that a hydrogen rich gas stream is obtained;wherein natural gas is added to the off gas and/or the first effluent obtained in step (1).2. The method according to wherein step 4 comprises the following steps:(A) feeding the second effluent obtained in step (2) and/or (3) through one or more columns in the PSA unit, said one or more columns comprising an adsorbent bed, wherein the adsorbent bed comprises alumina, a carbon molecular sieve, silicalite, activated carbon, a zeolite, or mixtures thereof,with upon commencement of said feeding, the bed and column being pre-saturated and pre-pressurized to a pressure in the range of 20 to 80 bar absolute (bar a), or comprising 80 to 99.9 volume % hydrogen, anddischarging a third effluent from the other end of said bed, andcontinuing said feeding and said discharging until a nitrogen and/or argon comprising gas has reached at least 45% of the length of the bed and has reached at most 80% of the length of the bed, calculated from the end of the bed at which the second effluent is being fed;(B) ...

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03-03-2022 дата публикации

Accelerated cooling process for reactors

Номер: US20220062844A1
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

A process for shutting down a hydroprocessing reactor and for removing catalyst from the reactor, wherein the reactor includes a quench gas distribution system. The process comprises shutting off hydrocarbon feed to the reactor, stripping hydrocarbons from the catalyst, and cooling the reactor to a first threshold reactor temperature in the range of from 375-425° F. (190-218° C.). At least a portion of circulating gaseous medium flowing to the reactor is then routed through a temporary heat exchanger and cooling the gas to not less than 40° F. (4° C.). Once cooled, mixing the cooled gas with the circulating gaseous medium flowing to the reactor. Continuing steps routing and cooling until a second threshold temperature is reached wherein the reactor temperature is in a range between 120° F. and 250° F. (49° C.-121° C.). The reactor can then be purged with N 2 gas, followed by introducing water into the reactor via the quench gas distribution system. The catalyst can then be safely removed from the reactor.

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22-02-2018 дата публикации

TAPERED CONDUITS FOR REACTORS

Номер: US20180050314A1
Принадлежит:

An apparatus is provided for directing a fluid in a radial reactor comprising: a vertically elongated conduit comprising a front face comprising a surface comprising apertures, two side faces, and a rear face and two ends, wherein an end of the front face and an end of the rear face are a distance D apart and wherein a second opposite end of the front face and a second corresponding end of the rear face are a distance D apart wherein D is greater than D and wherein a riser are connected to a top surface of said vertically elongated conduit to allow a gas stream to flow through the riser to the vertically elongated conduit. 1. An apparatus directing a fluid in a radial reactor comprising a vertically elongated conduit extending around a circumference of an outer wall of said radial reactor wherein a distance measured from one side of said vertically elongated conduit to an opposite side of said elongated conduit at a top of said elongated conduit is different than a distance measured at a distance measured at a lower location on said vertically elongated conduit.2. The apparatus of wherein said vapor inlet is at a bottom of said apparatus or at a top of said apparatus.3. The apparatus of wherein said vertically elongated inlet conduit further comprises a top portion having a wider cross section that is at least as wide as an opening of said riser.4. The apparatus of wherein said vertically elongated inlet conduit is within a radial reactor claim 1 , wherein said radial reactor has an inner reaction zone disposed within a reactor vessel claim 1 , and where said front face has a flat structure and said rear face has a curved structure or a flat structure.5. The apparatus of wherein said vertically elongated inlet conduit is within a radial reactor claim 1 , wherein said radial reactor has an inner reaction zone disposed within a reactor vessel claim 1 , and where said front face has a curved structure and said rear face has a curved structure or a flat structure61212. ...

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23-02-2017 дата публикации

Conversion of Metal Carbonate to Metal Chloride

Номер: US20170050859A1
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A process for preparing metal chloride Mx+Clx−, in which metal carbonate in solid form is reacted with a chlorinating agent selected from chlorine and oxalyl chloride to give metal chloride Mx+Clx−, where the metal M is selected from the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cation, and wherein metal M is additionally added as a reactant to the metal carbonate/chlorinating agent reaction. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , comprising:providing a chlorinating agent,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as a solid with the chlorinating agent to form metal chloride MCl,'}wherein metal M being selected from the group of metals consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x corresponds to the valence of the metal cation, andadditionally adding metal M as a reactant to the reaction of metal carbonate with the chlorinating agent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal M added as a reactant with a metal/metal carbonate weight ratio of less than 5/10 in order to generate thermal energy.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate for the reaction with the chlorinating agent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent comprises chlorine or oxalyl chloride.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal chloride is subsequently reacted to produce metal M.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal M produced by the subsequent reaction of the metal chloride is reacted at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 5 , to form a metal circuit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor claim 7 , in which the chlorinating agent is added as a gas in cocurrent with the ...

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22-02-2018 дата публикации

Process for Conversion of Dimethyl Sulfide to Methyl Mercaptan

Номер: US20180050986A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are systems and processes involving the catalyzed cleavage reaction of dimethyl sulfide to methyl mercaptan. The catalyzed cleavage reaction can be a standalone system or process, or can be integrated with a methyl mercaptan production plant. 1. A process for conversion of dimethyl sulfide to methyl mercaptan , comprising:contacting dimethyl sulfide in a combined feed stream with a catalyst in the presence of an excess amount of hydrogen sulfide in a reactor to yield a reactor effluent comprising methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide, wherein the catalyst comprises alumina, NiMo on an alumina support, CoMo on an alumina support, or a combination thereof:wherein the step of contacting has, in the reactor effluent, a conversion of dimethyl sulfide of greater than 50% and a selectivity to methyl mercaptan of greater than 95%.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein carbon disulfide is present in the reactor effluent in an amount of less than about 2 mole % based on a total moles of methyl mercaptan claim 1 , hydrogen sulfide claim 1 , dimethyl disulfide claim 1 , and carbon disulfide in the reactor effluent.3. (canceled)4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', 'separating the reactor effluent into a recycle HS stream and a methyl mercaptan stream; and'}{'sub': '2', 'recycling the recycle HS stream for use in the step of contacting.'}5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is performed at a hydrogen sulfide to dimethyl sulfide mole ratio of at least 3:1 and less than 100:1.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is performed at a weight average temperature in a range of from about 265° C. to about 305° C.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is performed at a weight hourly space velocity of about 0.2 to about 15 g dimethyl sulfide/g cat./hr.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is performed at a hydrogen sulfide to dimethyl sulfide mole ratio ...

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21-02-2019 дата публикации

Steam-Less Process for Converting Butenes to 1,3-Butadiene

Номер: US20190055175A1
Принадлежит:

Processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of 2-butene to 1,3-butaidene without the use of steam or, in some embodiments, with a reduced use of steam as compared to prior art processes are provided. The catalyst includes tungsten trioxide (WO) on an inorganic support includes activated magnesium oxide (MgO) and may be referred to as a “dual catalyst” or a “co-catalyst.” Embodiments of the catalyst. A process for the production of 1,3-butadiene may include contacting a feed stream of 2-butene with a WO-inorganic support catalyst or a MgO and WO-inorganic support catalyst and may be performed without steam in the feed stream. 1. A method for producing 1 ,3-butadiene , comprising:receiving a feed stream comprising 2-butene;contacting the feed stream with a catalyst in the presence of an oxidant to convert the 2-butene to 1-3-butadiene, the catalyst comprising tungsten oxide impregnated on an inorganic support.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream does not include steam.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant comprises air.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is performed at a temperature in the range of 400° C. to 550° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises 1-butene.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic support comprises silica.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises magnesium oxide.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the magnesium oxide has a surface area in the range of 30 meters-squared/gram (m/g) to 200 m/g.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises a first layer of the tungsten oxide impregnated on the inorganic support claim 7 , a second layer of the tungsten oxide impregnated on the inorganic support claim 7 , and a layer of the magnesium oxide positioned between the first layer and the second layer.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises a layer of the magnesium oxide disposed on a layer of the tungsten oxide impregnated on the ...

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04-03-2021 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR CATALYTIC REFORMING HYDROCARBONS HAVING FLOW DISTRIBUTOR AND PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20210060509A1
Принадлежит:

A reforming reactor and process of using same in which a flow distributor distributes the process gas circumferentially to the reactive zone. Feed is injected into the reactor into a non-reactive zone. The non-reactive zone has two portions, a first portion receiving the feed, and a second portion receiving a purge gas. The purge gas will flow from the second portion to the first portion to prevent flow of the feed from the first portion to the second portion. The combined gas may be passed to a reaction zone for catalytic reforming. The first portion and the second portion may be separated by a flow distributor having two horizontal portions connected to opposite ends of a vertical portion. 1. A radial flow reactor comprising:a non-reactive zone separated into a first portion and a second portion by a flow distributor, wherein the flow distributor comprises a first horizontal portion, a second horizontal portion, and a first vertical portion connecting the first and second horizontal portions, and wherein the second horizontal portion comprises, when viewed from a top, a sector shape;a reaction zone disposed below the non-reactive zone and separated from the non-reactive zone by a plate;an inlet for a hydrocarbon feed stream in the non-reactive zone; and,an outlet for an effluent stream in the non-reactive zone, the outlet in fluid communication with the reaction zone.2. The radial flow reactor of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and the outlet are both disposed within the second portion of the non-reactive zone.3. The radial flow reactor of claim 1 , wherein the second horizontal portion comprises a plurality of sections claim 1 , each having claim 1 , when viewed from a top claim 1 , a sector shape.4. The radial flow reactor of claim 1 , wherein the first horizontal portion comprises an upper horizontal portion and the second horizontal portion comprises a lower horizontal portion.5. The radial flow reactor of claim 4 , wherein the flow distributor further comprises a ...

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04-03-2021 дата публикации

Process for Preparing Fluorobenzene Derivatives and Benzoic Acid Hypofluorite Derivatives

Номер: US20210061737A1
Принадлежит: Fujian Yongjing Technology Co., Ltd

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, and the elemental fluorine (F) is preferably present in a high concentration, for example, in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume, and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene derivative starting from benzoic acid derivative by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas, wherein the elemental fluorine (F) is preferably present in a high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite derivative obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of a benzoic acid hypofluorite derivative by direct fluorination of benzoic acid derivative. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinated benzene derivative, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications. 1. A process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene derivative , preferably monofluorobenzene derivative , wherein the process comprises the steps of:a) provision of a liquid medium comprising benzoic acid derivative as starting compound;{'sub': '2', 'b) provision of a fluorination gas comprising or consisting of elemental fluorine (F), preferably wherein the fluorine is present in the fluorination gas in a high concentration of at least substantially more than, in particular very much more than 15% by volume (vol.-%), preferably equal to or more than 20% by volume (vol.-%);'}{'sub': '2', 'c) provision of a first reactor or reactor system, resistant to elemental fluorine (F) and hydrogen fluoride (HF);'}{'sub': '2', 'd) in a step of direct fluorination, passing the fluorination gas of b), in a reactor or reactor system of c), through the liquid medium of a) comprising the benzoic acid derivative as starting compound, and thereby reacting the benzoic acid derivative ...

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20-02-2020 дата публикации

ETHYLENE-TO-LIQUIDS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20200055796A1
Принадлежит:

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products. 1. A system , comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4', '3', '6', '2', '2', '4, 'an ethylene-to-liquids (ETL) reactor that (i) receives an olefin feed stream at a first temperature, said olefin feed stream comprising (1) ethylene (CH) at a concentration of at least about 0.5 mole percent (mol %), (2) CHand propylene (CH) at a combined concentration of at most about 10 mol %, and (3) carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO), and (ii) as part of an ETL process, facilitates conversion of CHto higher hydrocarbon products with the aid of an ETL catalyst to yield a product stream comprising said higher hydrocarbon products that is at a second temperature which is higher than said first temperature, wherein said ETL process liberates heat, wherein said higher hydrocarbon products comprise an olefin compound and an aromatic compound; and'}a separations module in fluid communication with said ETL reactor that recovers from said product stream a liquid stream comprising said higher hydrocarbon products, wherein said higher hydrocarbon products include (i) at least 5 compounds having 5 different carbon numbers, said 5 different carbon numbers selected from 4 through 20, wherein each of said at least 5 compounds is at a concentration of at least 5 weight percent (wt %) of said liquid stream, and (ii) a paraffin compound, an isoparaffin compound, and a naphthene compound,wherein at least about 80% of said heat liberated in said ETL process provides a difference between said first temperature and said second temperature of between about 50° C. and about 150° C.2. The system ...

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08-03-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PARTIAL OR COMPLETE OXIDATION OF FUELS

Номер: US20180065101A1
Принадлежит:

A system used for converting multiple fuel feedstocks may include three reactors. The reactor system combination can be so chosen that one of the reactors completely or partially converts the fuel while the other generates the gaseous product required by utilizing the gaseous product from the second reactor. The metal-oxide composition and the reactor flow-patterns can be manipulated to provide the desired product. A method for optimizing the system efficiency where a pressurized gaseous fuel or a pressurized utility is used for applications downstream can be used to any system processing fuels and metal-oxide. 1. A system for the production of syngas , comprising:a first reactor comprising a plurality of oxygen carrying particles comprising a first metal oxide, wherein the first reactor is configured to provide a counter-current contact mode between the first metal oxide and a first fuel to reduce the first metal oxide to a second metal oxide;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a second reactor in communication with the first reactor, the second reactor configured to oxidize the second metal oxide to a third metal oxide, and further configured to reduce the third metal oxide to a fourth metal oxide with a second fuel to provide a partially or fully oxidized gaseous fuel comprising one or more of CO, CO, H, and HO, wherein the second metal oxide is oxidized to the third metal oxide using an enhancing gas of COand HO, the partially or fully oxidized gaseous fuel, or a combination thereof, to generate syngas; and'}a third reactor in communication with the second reactor, the third reactor configured to regenerate the first metal oxide by oxidizing the fourth metal oxide with an oxygen source.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the counter-current contact mode between the first metal oxide and the first fuel is such that the first metal oxide moves downward and the first fuel moves upward.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide is introduced to the top of ...

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05-03-2020 дата публикации

ETHYLENE-TO-LIQUIDS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20200071242A1
Принадлежит:

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products. 1111.-. (canceled)112. A method , comprising:(a) directing an olefin-containing stream comprising an olefin into an ethylene-to-liquids (ETL) reactor comprising an ETL catalyst that facilitates conversion of at least a portion of said olefin to higher hydrocarbon compounds to yield an ETL product stream comprising said higher hydrocarbon compounds;{'sub': 4+', '3, '(b) directing at least a portion of said ETL product stream into a de-propanizer that separates said higher hydrocarbon compounds into a bottom stream comprising hydrocarbon compounds with four or more carbon atoms (C compounds) and an overhead stream comprising hydrocarbon compounds with three carbon atoms (Ccompounds); and'}{'sub': '3', '(c) directing at least a portion of said Ccompounds into said ETL reactor.'}113. The method of wherein said olefin comprises ethylene claim 112 , propylene claim 112 , or a combination thereof.114. The method of claim 112 , further comprising claim 112 , prior to (a) claim 112 , directing a hydrocarbon feedstream comprising feedstream hydrocarbons into a cracking reactor comprising a cracking catalyst that facilitates a cracking of said feedstream hydrocarbons to produce a cracked stream comprising cracked hydrocarbons claim 112 , wherein said cracked hydrocarbons have a lower molecular weight than said feedstream hydrocarbons claim 112 , and using at least a subset of said cracked hydrocarbons to generate said olefin-containing stream.115. The method of claim 114 , further comprising directing said cracked stream into a separations unit that separates said ...

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18-03-2021 дата публикации

USE OF A FUEL OIL WASH TO REMOVE CATALYST FROM A FLUIDIZED-BED PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION REACTOR EFFLUENT

Номер: US20210077967A1
Принадлежит: Kellogg Brown & Root LLC

A process where external fuel oil is used to wash entrained catalyst from a fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent, where the fuel oil and catalyst mixture is returned to the reactor to provide the net fuel required for catalyst regeneration. Optionally the fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent and the fuel oil are contacted in a direct contact inline device before entering a flash zone in the reactor vessel. 1. A method for recovering catalyst from a fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent gas , the method comprising:(a) cooling fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent gas;(b) contacting the cooled effluent gas with fuel oil in a wash section to wash out catalyst to obtain a cooled effluent gas essentially free of catalyst;(c) withdrawing an oil-catalyst slurry from the wash section and circulating the oil-catalyst slurry through a filter thereby removing catalyst from the fuel oil giving filtered wash oil;(d) returning filtered wash oil to the wash section as recirculated wash oil; and(e) backwashing the filter thereby recovering catalyst.2. The method of where the contacting and returning steps are effected in a quench tower comprising vapor-liquid contact elements and a bottoms zone holding a fuel oil inventory.3. The method of further comprising cooling the recirculated wash oil before the contacting step.4. The method of where circulating the oil-catalyst slurry through a filter comprises continuously passing the oil-catalyst slurry through at least one first filter in a filtration mode to separate the catalyst therefrom giving filtrate while at least one second filter in parallel with the first filter is in a backwashing mode thereby removing the separated catalyst therefrom.5. The method of further comprising returning filtrate from the first filter to the fuel oil inventory.6. The method of where the backwashing of the at least one filter further comprises periodically alternating the at least ...

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14-03-2019 дата публикации

WALLS FOR CATALYTIC BEDS OF RADIAL- OR AXIAL-FLOW REACTORS

Номер: US20190076805A1
Принадлежит:

Radial or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor comprising a cylindrical shell and at least one catalytic bed and comprising a plurality of perforated tubes, said tubes having an open end communicating with an inlet of a gaseous flow of reagents in the reactor, said tubes being provided with a plurality of holes on their side surface, said tubes being arranged around the catalytic bed so as to form an outer wall which bounds the catalytic bed and which distributes the reagents inside said bed; each of said tubes being formed by means of longitudinal or helical butt welding of a perforated strip. 114-. (canceled)15. A radial flow or an axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor , comprising:a cylindrical shell;at least one catalytic bed; anda plurality of perforated tubes that are arranged around the at least one catalytic bed to form a distributor of reagents into said at least one catalytic bed;wherein each of said plurality of perforated tubes include an open end in communication with an inlet of a gaseous flow of reagents in the catalytic chemical reactor, and a closed end opposite to said inlet end;wherein each of said plurality of perforated tubes includes a butt welded perforated strip or a butt welded perforated metal sheet.16. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein the butt welded perforated strip or the butt welded perforated metal sheet is automatically butt welded.17. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein said butt welded perforated strip is helically wound and helically welded.18. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein said butt weld of each of said plurality of perforated tubes includes a straight longitudinal butt weld.19. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein each of said plurality of perforated tubes is cylindrical and has a circular cross-section.20. The ...

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12-03-2020 дата публикации

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MICROWAVE CATALYTIC AMMONIA SYNTHESIS

Номер: US20200079656A1
Принадлежит:

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to relates to heterogeneous catalysts useful for the synthesis of ammonia under microwave irradiation, processes for preparing the disclosed heterogeneous catalysts, and processes for synthesizing ammonia using the heterogeneous catalysts with microwave irradiation. In various aspects, the disclosed heterogeneous catalysts comprise: a metal selected from Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, or combinations thereof; a metal oxide support; and optionally a promoter material. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. 1. A process for the synthesis of ammonia , comprising: wherein the heterogeneous catalyst comprises a metal selected from Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, or combinations thereof; wherein the metal is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the total weight of the heterogeneous catalyst; and a metal oxide support;', 'wherein the reaction chamber has a pressure of about 2 torr to about 20 atm;, 'providing a reaction chamber with a heterogeneous catalyst;'} 'wherein the reactant gas mixture comprises nitrogen and hydrogen;', 'conveying a flow of a reactant gas mixture into the reaction chamber via an entry port;'}contacting the reactant gas mixture and the heterogeneous catalyst; 'wherein the product gas mixture comprises ammonia;', 'heating the heterogeneous catalyst using microwave energy, thereby providing a product gas mixture; and'}conveying the product gas mixture from the reaction chamber via an exit port.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , osmium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal is ruthenium; and wherein the ruthenium is present as ...

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12-03-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT OLEFINS AND AROMATIC FROM CRACKED LIGHT NAPHTHA

Номер: US20200080006A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for a production of light olefins and aromatics from cracked light naphtha by selective cracking. The present invention thus provides a process for up grading cracked olefinic naphtha to high value petrochemical feed stocks. This process is based on catalytic cracking in which the catalyst activity is optimized by depositing coke for production of light olefins and aromatics. The proposed process has high flexibility and can be operated either in maximizing olefins as reflected from the PIE ratio or in maximizing aromatics (BTX) at different modes of operation depending upon the product requirement. 1. A process for selective production of light olefins and aromatics , the process comprising:a) feeding a mixed olefinic cracked naphtha feedstock into a reactor; (i) wherein under olefinic mode of operation, the mixed olefinic cracked naphtha is catalytically cracked by contacting with a zeolite catalyst for a residence time ranging between 35-65 minutes and at a pressure ranging between 1-2 bar to obtain a cracked product comprising light olefins in the range of 30-50 wt % and obtaining the light olefins as a gaseous product with a propylene to ethylene ratio (PIE) in the range of 1-5;', '(ii) wherein under aromatic mode of operation, the mixed olefinic cracked naphtha is catalytically cracked by contacting with a zeolite catalyst for a residence time ranging between 20-35 minutes and at a pressure ranging between 5-7 bar to obtain a cracked product comprising aromatics in the range of 10-25 wt % and obtaining the aromatics as a liquid product; and, 'b) catalytic cracking of the mixed olefinic cracked naphtha in the reactor under olefinic mode or aromatic mode of operation,'}c) recovering spent catalyst from the reactor and feeding the spent catalyst to a regenerator to obtain a regenerated catalyst and recycling the regenerated catalyst to the reactor.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed olefinic cracked ...

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30-03-2017 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon Dehydrocyclization in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20170088486A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to converting non-aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of COto produce aromatic hydrocarbon. COmethanation using molecular hydrogen produced during the aromatization increases aromatic hydrocarbon yield. The invention also relates to equipment and materials useful in such upgrading, to processes for carrying out such upgrading, and to the use of such processes for, e.g., natural gas upgrading. 1. A hydrocarbon conversion process , comprising:{'sub': 2+', '2, '(a) providing a feed comprising ≧1 wt. % of C non-aromatic hydrocarbon and ≧0.1 wt. % of CO;'} the first catalyst includes (i) ≧0.005 wt. % of a dehydrogenation component which comprises one or more of Ga, Zn, Mo, W, La, Pt, and Pd, and (ii) ≧10 wt. % of a molecular sieve component, the molecular sieve component comprising at least one molecular sieve having a Constraint Index in the range of from 1 to 12, and', {'sub': '2', 'the second catalyst includes ≧0.005 wt. % of a COconversion component which comprises one or more of Ru, Rh, Ni, Co, and Fe;'}], '(b) providing first and second catalysts, wherein'}{'sub': 2+', '2, "(c) exposing the feed to the first catalyst under conversion conditions effective for (i) converting ≧10 wt. % of the feed's C non-aromatic hydrocarbon to aromatic hydrocarbon and molecular hydrogen and (ii) increasing aromatic hydrocarbon yield by reacting ≧1 wt. % of the feed's COwith at least a portion of the molecular hydrogen in the presence of the second catalyst to produce methane and water."}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed comprises ≧1 wt. % of CO; 10 wt. % to 40 wt. % ethane; 20 wt. % to 50 wt. % propane claim 1 , and 20 wt. % to 50 wt. % butanes claim 1 , and further comprises 1 wt. % to 40 wt. % methane and ≦1 wt. % of aromatic hydrocarbon.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the COreaction of step (c) has a greater selectivity for methane than CO.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein (i) the first catalyst includes (i) ≧0.01 wt. % of the ...

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30-03-2017 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon Dehydrocyclization

Номер: US20170088491A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to hydrocarbon dehydrocyclization to produce products such as aromatic hydrocarbon, to equipment and materials useful for dehydrocyclization, to processes for carrying out dehydrocyclization, and to the use of dehydrocyclization for, e.g., natural gas upgrading. The dehydrocyclization is carried out in a catalytic reaction zone of a reverse-flow reactor. 1. A hydrocarbon dehydrocyclization process , the process comprising:{'sub': '2+', '(a) providing a feed comprising C non-aromatic hydrocarbon;'}(b) providing an oxidant and a gaseous fuel; (i) a pre-heated reaction zone, and', '(ii) a dehydrocyclization catalyst located in the reaction zone, the dehydrocyclization catalyst comprising a molecular sieve component and a dehydrogenation component;, '(c) providing a reverse-flow reactor, the reverse-flow reactor including'} (i) establishing a forward flow of the feed to the reaction zone,', '(ii) transferring heat from the reaction zone to the feed to produce a heated feed and a cooled reaction zone,', {'sub': '2+', "(iii) reacting at least a portion of the heated feed flow's C non-aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of the dehydrocyclization catalyst under dehydrocyclization conditions which include a temperature a temperature ≧400° C. and a pressure ≧0 psi gauge (psig) (101 kPa) to produce a forward flow of a reaction product comprising molecular hydrogen and aromatic hydrocarbon,"}, '(iv) depositing coke on or proximate to the dehydrocyclization catalyst,', '(v) conducting the forward flow of reaction product from the reaction zone and away from the reverse-flow reactor, and', '(vi) decreasing the feed flow to the reaction zone; and, '(d) during a first time interval,'} (i) establishing a reverse flow of the fuel and a reverse flow of the oxidant toward the reverse-flow reactor, the oxidant flow comprising first and second portions of the oxidant,', '(ii) combusting the first portion of the oxidant flow under combustion conditions with at least ...

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12-05-2022 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS FLOW SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF BIODIESEL

Номер: US20220143567A1
Принадлежит: YMIR TECHNOLOGIES EHF.

Provided is a system and method for producing and purifying biodiesel. In particular, the system comprises a tandem arrangement of at a modular biodiesel reactor and a continuous flow separation and purification unit. The system can further comprise an evaporation unit that is placed between the biodiesel reactor and the continuous flow separation and purification unit. 1. A continuous flow biodiesel production and purification system comprising a tandem arrangement comprising at least one continuous flow modular biodiesel reactor unit and at least one continuous flow separation and purification unit , wherein the modular biodiesel reactor unit comprises a plurality of contact plates , providing adjacent reactant channel and thermal channel for reactant mixture and thermal media for temperature control , respectively.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the continuous flow separation and purification unit is arranged in one column that comprises at least one separation section claim 1 , at least one wet washing section and at least one dry washing/purification section.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel reactor unit comprises a plurality of contact plates wherein surfaces of said contact plates provide catalytic activity for esterification and/or transesterification of free fatty acids and or transesterification of glycerides in said reactant channel provided by the contact plates for the reactant mixture.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel reactor comprises a plurality of contact plates coated with at least one esterification and/or transesterification catalyst for catalyzing esterification of free fatty acids and or transesterification of glycerides.5. The system according to claim 4 , wherein the contact plates are arranged such that alternating coated sides face each other forming said reactant channel and two non-coated sides face each other forming said thermal channel claim 4 , such that reactants flow ...

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26-03-2020 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Device for Reducing Environmental Contaminates in Heavy Marine Fuel Oil

Номер: US20200095508A1
Принадлежит: Magëmä Technology LLC

A multi-stage device for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. 1. A device for reducing the environmental contaminants in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the device comprising: means for contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with an ionic liquid under extractive desulfurizing conditions to give a pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; means for mixing a quantity of the pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; means for contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under desulfurizing conditions to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; means for receiving said Process Mixture and separating liquid components of the Process Mixture from any gaseous components and any by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture to form a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil and , means for discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the means for contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a ionic liquid under extractive desulfurizing conditions to give a pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil comprises of a contacting vessel having a first feed inlet pipe through which the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is introduced into the contacting vessel and a second feed inlet pipe through which a sulfur lean ionic liquid is introduced into the contacting vessel; one or more contacting devices or mixing devices in the contacting vessel for forming an emulsion like mixture of the Feedstock Heavy ...

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26-03-2020 дата публикации

Process And Device For Treating High Sulfur Heavy Marine Fuel Oil For Use As Feedstock In A Subsequent Refinery Unit

Номер: US20200095509A1
Принадлежит: Magëmä Technology LLC

A multi-stage process for transforming a high sulfur ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process that produces a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that can be used as a feedstock for subsequent refinery process such as anode grade coking, needle coking and fluid catalytic cracking. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil exhibits multiple properties desirable as a feedstock for those processes including a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed. 1. A process for treating high sulfur Heavy Marine Fuel Oil for use as feedstock in a subsequent refinery unit , the process comprising: mixing a quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive conditions to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the liquid components of the Process Mixture from the bulk gaseous components of the Process Mixture; subsequently separating any residual gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components from the Process Mixture to form a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; and , discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of wherein the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising fractionating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to remove a light to middle distillate fraction claim 2 , said light to middle distillate fraction have a maximum boiling point less than 650° F.4. The process of wherein the one or more catalysts ...

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23-04-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REVAMPING A SECONDARY REFORMER

Номер: US20150107074A1
Принадлежит: Cassale SA

A method for revamping a secondary reformer (), the reformer comprising an internal gas riser pipe () for routing a process gas from a bottom gas inlet to a combustion chamber () located above a catalytic zone (), distribution means () for introduction of an oxidation agent such as process air into said combustion chamber, wherein the original distribution means of the oxidation agent are discontinued, the gas riser pipe is shortened () and the outlet end of the shortened gas riser pipe is arranged to deliver a gas flow directed upwards; a new burner () is installed on top of the reactor, said new burner being arranged to deliver an oxidization agent such as process air with a downward flow, thus obtaining a counterflow mixing zone () and formation of a diffusion flame above the outlet end of the gas riser pipe. 1. A method for revamping a secondary reformer wherein said reformer comprises:a vertical pressure vessel,a bottom inlet for a process gas;a combustion chamber and a catalytic zone, the catalytic zone being located below the combustion chamber;an internal gas riser pipe connected to said bottom inlet of a process gas;distribution means for introduction of an oxidation agent such as process air into said combustion chamber;wherein said gas riser pipe has a gas outlet end which is above the combustion chamber and comprises means arranged to direct the process gas downwards, so that said process gas traverses the combustion chamber and then the catalytic zone flowing from top to bottom, and the method comprises at least the following steps:discontinuing the original distribution means of the oxidation agent,shortening the gas riser pipe so that the gas outlet end of the gas riser pipe is brought to a lower height in the pressure vessel and closer to the catalytic zone, compared to the original gas riser pipe, and the outlet end of the shortened gas riser pipe is arranged to deliver a gas flow directed upwards; andinstalling a new burner on top of the reactor, ...

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13-04-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARATION OF LACTIDE USING LACTIDE PURIFICATION PROCESS

Номер: US20170101390A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for preparation of lactide using a lactide purification process, comprising introducing an aqueous solution comprising lactic acid into a reactor filled with a catalyst and reacting the same to produce crude lactide vapor; and purifying the crude lactide vapor to produce lactide crystals, wherein a first purification comprises collecting and crystallizing the crude lactide vapor using a first solvent to produce lactide crystals, and separating the lactide crystal from a residue through filtration. 1. A method for preparing lactide comprising:(i) introducing an aqueous solution comprising lactic acid into a reactor filled with a catalyst and reacting the same to produce crude lactide vapor; and(ii) purifying the crude lactide vapor produced in the step (i) to produce lactide crystals, wherein the step (ii) comprises:(ii-a) collecting and crystallizing the crude lactide vapor using a first solvent to produce lactide crystals, and (ii-b) separating the lactide crystals from a residue through filtration.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , and butanol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent cools claim 1 , collects claim 1 , and crystallizes the crude lactide vapor at a temperature between 5° C. and 20° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solubility of lactide in the first solvent is 0.1 or less at a temperature between 5° C. and 20° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vapor pressure of the first solvent is between 5 hPa and 70 hPa at 20° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps (ii-a) and (ii-b) are conducted simultaneously.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising (iii) re-purifying the lactide crystals after the step (ii) claim 1 ,wherein the step (iii) comprises:(iii-a) dissolving the lactide crystals in a second solvent which has the same components as the first solvent,( ...

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04-04-2019 дата публикации

CARBON MONOXIDE OXIDATION DEVICE

Номер: US20190099727A1
Принадлежит: POWERCELL SWEDEN AB

A carbon monoxide oxidation device for oxidizing carbon monoxide contained in a hydrogen rich reformat gas includes a housing, wherein the housing incorporates an oxidation catalyst, which is adapted to oxidize the carbon monoxide of the reformat gas by an oxidizing agent to carbon dioxide, includes upstream of the catalyst at least one gas inlet for providing a gas stream of at least the reformat gas into the housing, includes downstream of the catalyst a gas outlet for exiting treated gas from the housing, and incorporates a gas stream perturbation device which is arranged upstream of the catalyst and which is adapted to provide a perturbation in the gas stream, wherein the gas stream perturbation device is designed as at least one propeller-shaped plate with a plate portion having a surface facing the gas stream and at least one blade which is connected to the plate portion and has a leading edge and an effluent edge, wherein a surface defined between leading edge and effluent edge is inclined in relation to the surface of the plate portion with a predetermined blade inclination angle, thereby defining at least one opening in the plate. 1. Water gas shift reactor or preferential oxidation reactor , which purifies a carbon monoxide containing hydrogen rich reformat gas from carbon monoxide contained in the carbon monoxide containing hydrogen rich reformate gas , wherein the water gas shift reactor or the preferential oxidation reactor comprises a housing , wherein the housinga. incorporates an oxidation catalyst, which oxidizes the carbon monoxide of the carbon monoxide containing hydrogen rich reformat gas by means of an oxidizing agent to carbon dioxide,b. comprises upstream of the catalyst at least one gas inlet for providing a gas stream (B; C) of at least the carbon monoxide containing hydrogen rich reformat gas into the housing,c. comprises downstream of the catalyst a gas outlet for exiting purified hydrogen rich gas from the housing, andd. incorporates a ...

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11-04-2019 дата публикации

FIXED BED RADIAL FLOW REACTOR FOR LIGHT PARAFFIN CONVERSION

Номер: US20190105626A1
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided for conversion of light paraffinic gases to form liquid products in a process performed in a fixed bed radial-flow reactor. The light paraffins can correspond to C paraffins. Examples of liquid products that can be formed include C-Caromatics, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. The fixed bed radial-flow reactor can allow for improved control over the reaction conditions for paraffin conversion in spite of the fixed bed nature of the reactor. This can allow the process to operate with improved efficiency while reducing or minimizing the complexity of operation relative to non-fixed bed reactor systems. 112.-. (canceled)13. A method for processing a paraffin-containing feed , comprising:{'sub': 3+', '6', '12, 'exposing a feed comprising about 30 vol % to about 70 vol % of C paraffins to one or more fixed beds of a conversion catalyst to form a conversion effluent comprising C-Caromatics, the one or more fixed beds of the conversion catalyst comprising fixed beds in one or more radial flow reactors, a combined pressure drop across the one or more fixed beds being less than about 100 kPag, the one or more radial flow reactors comprising{'b': '1', 'an outer annular volume defined by an interior of a reactor wall and an exterior of a gas-permeable wall, the interior of the reactor wall defining an outer annular radius R;'}{'b': '3', 'a central volume defined by the interior of a central column and a column cap, the interior of the central column defining a column radius R; and'}{'b': '2', 'an inner annular volume defined by an interior of the gas-permeable wall, an exterior of the central column, an inner annular top, and an inner annular bottom, the interior of the gas-permeable wall defining an inner annular radius R, the inner annular volume comprising a catalyst bed, the inner annular volume being in direct fluid communication with the outer annular volume through the gas-permeable wall, the inner annular volume being in direct ...

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27-04-2017 дата публикации

REACTOR INLET VAPOR VELOCITY EQUALIZER AND DISTRIBUTOR

Номер: US20170113199A1
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

The invention relates to distributing feed vapor more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing a distributor pipe at the inlet end that initially directs the flow of reactants through a flange plate and a series of ring plates. The ring plates are physical spaced such that vapor along the wall of the inlet is mildly obstructed by the flange plate and the ring plates cause the vapor to alter course temper down any diverse velocities that may create hot spots within the catalyst bed. At the end of the distributor pipe is a deflector which directs the feed vapor upwardly and outwardly in the head space of the reactor vessel. 1. A reactor system comprising:a) a reactor vessel including a closed shell defining a relatively large interior space inside the shell for conducting a fixed bed catalytic reaction, an inlet into the interior space of the shell for the admission of feed vapor, an outlet at the opposite end thereof to allow products of the catalytic reaction to exit the reactor vessel, a bed of catalyst between the inlet and the outlet and a head space between the inlet and the catalyst bed, wherein the inlet includes a generally cylindrical neck having a smaller internal cross sectional dimension than a comparable internal cross sectional dimension of the relatively large interior space within the shell of the reactor vessel;b) a generally cylindrical distributor pipe extending down through the generally cylindrical neck and into the head space of the reactor vessel, wherein the generally cylindrical distributor pipe has a peripheral wall, a first end through which feed vapor is received and an opposite end that is positioned in the head space of the reactor vessel, wherein the feed vapor is arranged to exit the generally cylindrical distributor pipe through openings extending radially outwardly through the peripheral wall of the distributor pipe adjacent the opposite end of the distributor pipe and into the headspace and further wherein the ...

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18-04-2019 дата публикации

REMOVABLE BASKET FOR CATALYTIC REACTOR

Номер: US20190111372A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention relates to a removable basket for a catalytic reactor comprising a horizontal base () and a plurality of vertical side walls () and/or at least one ellipsoidal side wall, and a plurality of vertical chimneys () that are open at their lower () and upper () ends, each chimney comprising a lower part () comprising the lower end fastened to the base and extending between the side walls, in which a first chimney comprises an upper part () extending above the side walls, and the upper part of the first chimney is suitable for being inserted into a lower part of a chimney of another removable basket. The present invention also relates to a filtration and distribution device comprising said removable basket, a reactor comprising said device, and a hydrotreating and/or hydrocracking process using said reactor. 2183274. Removable basket according to claim 1 , in which the height (h) of the upper part () of the first chimney () is smaller than or equal to the height (H) of the lower part () of a second chimney () of the removable basket.334274183. Removable basket according to claim 1 , in which the chimneys ( claim 1 , ) form tubes having a circular cross section claim 1 , and the diameter (D) of the lower part () of a second chimney () of the removable basket is greater than the diameter (d) of the upper part () of the first chimney ().4482847. Removable basket according to claim 1 , also comprising a second chimney () comprising an upper part () extending above the side walls () claim 1 , and in which the upper part () of the second chimney () is suitable for being inserted into a lower part () of a chimney of another removable basket.5284173. Removable basket according to claim 4 , in which the height (h) of the upper part () of the second chimney () is smaller than or equal to the height (H) of the lower part () of the first chimney ().634173284. Removable basket according to claim 4 , in which the chimneys ( claim 4 , ) form tubes having a circular ...

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18-04-2019 дата публикации

Reactor for producing synthesis gas

Номер: US20190111407A1

The present invention relates to a reactor for production of synthesis gas that optionally has a fluid-tight connection to a heat exchanger, and to a process for producing synthesis gas, preferably under high pressure.

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07-05-2015 дата публикации

Process and system for converting waste to energy without burning

Номер: US20150122243A1
Автор: Terry R. Galloway
Принадлежит: INTELLERGY Inc

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO 2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO 2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery. New methods of carbon-sequestering where the syngas produced by steam/CO 2 reforming can be used in Fischer-Tropsch processes that make high-carbon content compounds while recycling the methane and lighter hydrocarbons back to the reformer to further produce syngas at a higher H 2 /CO ratio.

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13-05-2021 дата публикации

CATALYTIC HYDRODEARYLATION OF HEAVY AROMATIC STREAMS CONTAINING DISSOLVED HYDROGEN WITH FRACTIONATION

Номер: US20210139393A1
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

Systems and methods for hydrodearylation of a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising non-condensed alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic hydrocarbons, the method including supplying a hydrogen feed to the hydrocarbon feed stream comprising non-condensed alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic hydrocarbons; mixing the hydrogen feed with the hydrocarbon feed stream to saturate the hydrocarbon feed stream with hydrogen gas to create a hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon stream; passing the hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon stream to a hydrodearylation reactor without a separate gaseous phase of hydrogen; allowing the hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon stream to react in presence of a catalyst under specific reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising a reduced concentration of di-aromatic compounds and an increased concentration of mono-aromatic compounds compared to the hydrocarbon feed stream comprising non-condensed alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic hydrocarbons; and recovering, from the hydrodearylation reactor, a product stream for a downstream process, wherein the non-condensed alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic hydrocarbons include at least two benzene rings connected by an alkyl bridge group having at least two carbons, wherein the benzene rings are connected to different carbons of the alkyl bridge group. 1. A method for hydrodearylation of a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising non-condensed alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic hydrocarbons , the method comprising the steps of:supplying a hydrogen feed stream to the hydrocarbon feed stream comprising non-condensed alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic hydrocarbons;mixing the hydrogen feed stream with the hydrocarbon feed stream to saturate the hydrocarbon feed stream with hydrogen gas to create a hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon stream;passing the hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon stream to a hydrodearylation reactor without a separate gaseous phase of hydrogen; andallowing the hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon stream to react in ...

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13-05-2021 дата публикации

ACRYLIC ACID, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THEREOF

Номер: US20210139402A1
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are methods of producing acrylic acid from beta-propiolactone. Such methods may involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite. 1. A method of producing acrylic acid from beta-propiolactone , comprising:combining beta-propiolactone, a zeolite, and a polymerization inhibitor; andproducing acrylic acid from at least a portion of the beta-propiolactone.2. The method of claim 1 , the zeolite is an acidic zeolite.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is Zeolite Y or Zeolite ZSM-5 claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization inhibitor is phenothiazine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-propiolactone is provided at a rate of less than 1.5 g/min.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the beta-propiolactone is provided at a rate of between 0.75 g/min and 1.25 g/min.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid produced is continuously isolated.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid is produced at a yield of at least 50%.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid is produced at a temperature of between 170° C. and 200° C.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-propiolactone claim 1 , the polymerization inhibitor claim 1 , and the zeolite are further combined with a solvent.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent comprises a polar aprotic solvent.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent comprises sulfolane.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid produced has a purity of greater than 95%.14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating acrylic acid.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the acrylic acid is isolated by distillation.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-propiolactone is produced from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide.17. A method of producing a superabsorbent polymer claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'polymerizing acrylic acid produced according to the method of ...

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13-05-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CATALYTIC UPGRADING OF VACUUM RESIDUE TO DISTILLATE FRACTIONS AND OLEFINS

Номер: US20210139790A1
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

Systems and methods for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method including combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed; heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product; and separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins. 1. A method for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins , the method comprising the steps of:combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed;heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst, where the step of heating is carried out without hydrogen addition and without steam addition, to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 20 wt. % olefins; andseparating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins, where the nano-zeolite catalyst to mixed heavy oil feed weight ratio is between about 0.5:2 to about 0.5:24.2. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed has an American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity between about 5 and about 22.3. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed is selected from the group consisting of: de-asphalted oil claim 1 , de-metalized oil claim 1 , heavy vacuum gas oil claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive comprises straight run naphtha with an API gravity from about 40 to about 77 and a boiling point range from between about 200° F. to 500° F.5. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of: ...

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04-05-2017 дата публикации

OXYGEN CONCENTRATING SELF-RESCUER DEVICE

Номер: US20170120085A1
Принадлежит:

A self-rescuer device comprises an intake pump that creates a gas stream. The gas stream enters a first sieve that separates carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen from the gas stream to create a mixture. The remaining gas stream flows to a second sieve that separates nitrogen from the remaining gas stream and vents the residual gas to outside of the self-rescuer device through a residual output. The separated mixture is directed to a gas processor separates the oxygen from the mixture. A nitrogen storage canister coupled to the separated output of the second sieve stores the separated nitrogen, and an oxygen storage canister coupled to the separated output of the first sieve stores and concentrates the separated oxygen until a purity threshold is met. Habitable nitrogen and oxygen are metered from their storage canisters and supplied to a user of the device through a breathing mask within an exterior mask shell. 1. A device comprising:an intake pump that draws in gas from outside the device to create a gas stream; the gas stream created by the intake pump enters the first sieve through the input;', 'the first sieve separates the gas stream into a mixture including oxygen and a residual stream; and', 'the mixture flows to the separated output of the first sieve and the residual stream flows to the residual output of the first sieve;, 'a first sieve comprising an input, a separated output, and a residual output, wherein the input of the second sieve is coupled to the residual output of the first sieve such that the residual stream flows from the first sieve to the second sieve;', 'the second sieve separates nitrogen from the residual stream, which is output through the separated output of the second sieve; and', 'a remaining portion of the residual stream, which is stripped of nitrogen, vents to outside of the device through the residual output of the second sieve;, 'a second sieve comprising an input, a separated output and a residual output, whereina gas ...

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04-05-2017 дата публикации

Process and System for Making Cyclopentadiene and/or Dicyclopentadiene

Номер: US20170121242A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

Processes and systems for making cyclopentadiene and/or dicyclopentadiene include converting acyclic C5 hydrocarbon(s) into CPD in a first reactor to obtain a product mixture, washing the product mixture with a wash oil, separating the washed product mixture in a separation sub-system such as compression train to obtain a C5-rich fraction comprising CPD, dimerizing the C5-rich fraction in a dimerization reactor to obtain a product effluent, followed by separating the product effluent to obtain a DCPD-rich fraction. Wash oil can be recovered and recycled. Multiple-stage of dimerization and separation steps can be used to obtain multiple DCPD-rich fractions of various purity and quantity. C5-rich fractions from various stages of the process may be recycled to the first reactor, or converted into mogas components after selective hydrogenation. C5-rich fractions and mogas components may be optionally separated to produce value-adding chemicals.

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04-05-2017 дата публикации

Process and System for Making Cyclopentadiene and/or Dicyclopentadiene

Номер: US20170121243A1
Принадлежит:

Processes and systems for making cyclopentadiene and/or dicyclopentadiene include converting acyclic C5 hydrocarbon(s) into CPD in a first reactor to obtain a product mixture, separating the product mixture in a separation sub-system such as compression train to obtain a C5-rich fraction comprising CPD and essentially depleted of hydrogen and C1-C4 hydrocarbons, dimerizing the C5-rich fraction in a dimerization reactor to obtain a product effluent comprising DCPD, followed by separating the product effluent to obtain a DCPD-rich fraction. Multiple-stage of dimerization and separation steps can be optionally used to obtain multiple DCPD-rich fractions of various degrees of purity and quantity. C5-rich fractions from various stages of the process may be recycled to the first reactor, or converted into mogas components after selective hydrogenation. C5-rich fractions and mogas components may be optionally separated to produce value-adding chemicals. 1. A process for making cyclopentadiene (CPD) and/or dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) , the process comprising:(I) feeding a C5 feedstock comprising at least one acyclic C5 hydrocarbon into a first reactor;(II) contacting the at least one acyclic C5 hydrocarbon with a catalyst under conversion conditions to obtain a first reactor hydrocarbon effluent comprising: C5 components including CPD and acyclic diolefins; light components including hydrogen and C1-C4 hydrocarbons; one-ring aromatics; and multiple-ring aromatics;(III) separating the first rector hydrocarbon effluent to produce (i) a light components-rich fraction and (ii) a first C5-rich fraction comprising CPD;(IV) supplying at least a portion of the first C5-rich fraction into a second reactor operating under a first set of dimerization conditions;(V) obtaining a second reactor effluent from in the second reactor comprising CPD and DCPD; and(VI) separating at least a portion of the second reactor effluent to obtain a first DCPD-rich fraction comprising dicyclopentadiene ( ...

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04-05-2017 дата публикации

Process and System for Making Cyclopentadiene and/or Dicyclopentadiene

Номер: US20170121244A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

Processes and systems for making cyclopentadiene and/or dicyclopentadiene include converting acyclic C5 hydrocarbon(s) into CPD in a first reactor to obtain a first reactor hydrocarbon effluent, which is processed in an eductor to obtain an eductor effluent at higher total pressure than atmospheric pressure, separating the eductor effluent in a separator such as compression train to obtain a C5-rich fraction comprising CPD, dimerizing the C5-rich fraction in a second reactor to obtain a product effluent comprising DCPD, which is separated to obtain a DCPD-rich fraction. Multiple-stage of dimerization and separation steps can be optionally used to obtain multiple DCPD-rich fractions of various degrees of purity and quantity. C5-rich fractions from various stages of the process may be recycled to the first reactor, or converted into mogas components after selective hydrogenation. C5-rich fractions and mogas components may be optionally separated to produce value-adding chemicals.

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25-04-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING YIELDS OF HYDROCARBON FUELS FROM ALCOHOLS

Номер: US20190119579A1
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided that permit temperature control of a catalyst bed for conversion of alcohols to fuel hydrocarbons by modulating the water content of the alcohol feed stream provided to the catalyst bed. Heat generated by exothermic reactions in the catalyst bed can be utilized to pre-heat the alcohol feed stream. In some embodiments a secondary catalyst bed is provided for the conversion of light hydrocarbons found in the initial hydrocarbon product to fuel hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient temperature and pressure. 135.-. (canceled)36. A method for controlling temperature in a catalyst bed comprising:providing a catalyst bed configured to process alcohol to a fuel hydrocarbon mixture;providing a first flow of a first stream comprising the alcohol;directing a second flow of a second stream comprising water into the first stream to produce a third stream, wherein the third stream is directed to the catalyst bed; andmodulating the first flow or the second flow to modulate water content of the third stream to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired temperature range.37. The method of claim 36 , further comprising the step of generating temperature data characterizing temperature of the catalyst bed.38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising the steps of:providing the temperature data to a controller;within the controller, using an algorithm to determine a flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow necessary to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired range; andtransmitting an instruction from the controller to a flow control device to modulate flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow.39. The method of claim 36 , wherein a mean temperature within the desired temperature range is from 200° C. to 600° C. claim 36 , and wherein the mean temperature is surrounded by a temperature range selected from the group consisting of ±20° C. claim 36 , ±30° C. claim 36 , ±40° C. claim 36 , ±50° C. ...

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16-04-2020 дата публикации

Flex-Fuel Hydrogen Reformer for IC Engines and Gas Turbines

Номер: US20200116082A9
Автор: Hwang Herng Shinn
Принадлежит:

An on-board Flex-Fuel Hreforming apparatus provides devices and the methods of operating these devices to produce Hand CO from hydrocarbons and bio-fuels. One or more parallel autothermal reformers are used to convert the fuels into Hover the Pt group metal catalysts without external heat and power. The produced reformate is then cooled and the dry gas is compressed and stored in vessels at a pressure between 1 to 100 atmospheres. For this system, the pressure of the storage vessels and the flow control curves are used directly to control the amount of the reformers' reformate output. 1): An on-board Flex-Fuel HReforming apparatus provides devices comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a). Providing one or more parallel autothermal (ATR) reformers for producing Hand CO from hydrocarbons and/or bio-fuels over supported and/or unsupported Pt group catalysts;'}b). Providing one automatic control system comprising a control computer and/or microprocessors, flow meters/controllers, valves, pumps, sensors and thermocouples;c). Providing a stream of the ATR reformer's inlet fuel mixture comprising at least one oxidant, at least one fuel and at least one water/steam, wherein the reactants are selected from the reactant supply group consisting of liquid fuel loop, gas fuel loop, water supply loop, air supply loop, water electrolyzer loop, exhaust gas recycle (EGR) loop, water recycle loop and reformate recycle loop;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, "d). Reacting said stream of the inlet fuel mixture over said catalysts inside the ATR reformer to produce a reformate containing Hand CO from said fuels, and simultaneously controlling said fuel mixture's O/C, HO/C and CO/C ratios within a given range so that the maximum ATR reaction temperature is kept constantly below 1200° C.;"}e). Providing one or more vessels/manifolds for storing the condensed water for the reformers and also storing said dry reformate produced from the ATR reformers at a pressure between 1 to 100 atmospheres, which is used by ...

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27-05-2021 дата публикации

PRODUCTION METHOD AND PRODUCTION APPARATUS FOR MOLYBDENUM HEXAFLUORIDE

Номер: US20210155498A1
Принадлежит: Kanto Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Provided are a method of producing high-purity molybdenum hexafluoride in good yield and a reaction apparatus therefor. 1. A method of producing molybdenum hexafluoride , in a production apparatus for molybdenum hexafluoride including a fixed bed that is for mounting metallic molybdenum and that extends inside a reactor from an upstream side to a downstream side of the reactor , a fluorine (F) gas inlet provided on the upstream side of the reactor , and a reaction product gas outlet provided on the downstream side of the reactor ,{'sub': '2', 'the method comprising bringing metallic molybdenum into contact with fluorine (F) gas, wherein the fixed bed for mounting metallic molybdenum is tilted.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a tilt angle of the fixed bed is 0.1° to 20°.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature inside the reactor is set to 50° C. to 700° C.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein fluorine (F) gas is allowed to flow into the reactor above a tilted surface of the fixed bed.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a reaction product gas containing unreacted fluorine (F) gas and molybdenum hexafluoride gas is passed through a condenser provided at the reaction product gas outlet to separate molybdenum hexafluoride and fluorine (F) gas from the reaction product gas.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein a temperature of the condenser is 35° C. to 214° C.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein a temperature of the condenser is 35° C. to 50° C.8. A production apparatus for molybdenum hexafluoride comprising: a reactor; a fixed bed that is for mounting metallic molybdenum and that extends inside the reactor from an upstream side to a downstream side of the reactor; a fluorine (F) gas inlet provided on the upstream side of the reactor; and a reaction product gas outlet provided on the downstream side of the reactor claim 5 , wherein the fixed bed is tilted.9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein a tilt ...

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01-09-2022 дата публикации

FLOW BYPASS DEVICE FOR A VESSEL CONTAINING SOLID PARTICLES

Номер: US20220274079A1
Автор: HORLACHER Steven R.
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a flow bypass device, a reactor system containing the flow bypass device; a method for operating a fixed bed of solid particles in which gas is re-routed to an interior of the fixed bed, for example, the flow bypass device is used to bypass a portion of the solid particles; and a method for loading solid particles and a flow bypass device into a vessel. The methods and systems can use a single flow bypass device or multiple flow bypass devices that are stacked on top of one another. 1. A flow bypass device comprising:a pipe portion having a first flow channel formed therein and extending from a first end of the pipe portion to a second end of the pipe portion;a distributor portion connected to the second end of the pipe portion, wherein the distributor portion has a second flow channel formed therein that is fluidly connected to the first flow channel of the pipe portion and to an opening formed in a bottom of the distributor portion, wherein a longitudinal axis of the opening is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the pipe portion; anda rupture disk coupled to the first end of the pipe portion,wherein the pipe portion has no perforations.2. The flow bypass device of claim 1 , further comprising:a top assembly containing the rupture disk and connected to the first end of the pipe portion; anda cap coupled to the top assembly, to the pipe portion, or to both the top assembly and the pipe portion,wherein the rupture disk is positioned between the cap and the first end of the pipe portion.3. The flow bypass device of claim 2 , wherein the cap comprises:a cover; andat least two arms, each of the at least two arms being configured to couple the cover to the top assembly, to the pipe portion, or to both the top assembly and the pipe portion.4. The flow bypass device of claim 3 , wherein each of the at least two arms has an end connected to an underside of the cover and an opposite end connected to the top assembly claim 3 , to the pipe portion claim 3 , or to ...

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19-05-2016 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THREE PHASE CONTACTING AND REACTIONS IN A CROSS FLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20160136603A1
Принадлежит:

Methods, apparatus and processes for three phase contacting and reactions in a cross flow reactor with reduced feed vaporization, low pressure operation, higher liquid holdup, lower reactor pressure drop, low severity operation, and reduced product inhibitory effects. A cross flow reactor for three phase catalytic hydroprocessing, having at least one reactor stage is disclosed. The reactor stage has a central gas distributor with perforated lateral surface for distributing gas, a middle region accommodating a packed catalyst bed, and an outer gas space for removal of effluent gases from the middle region. The middle region receives a liquid reactant and gas from central gas distributor to carry out three phase catalytic hydroprocessing reaction. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. A cross-flow reactor enclosed in a shell for three phase catalytic hydroprocessing , the cross-flow reactor comprising at least one reactor stage , wherein the at least one reactor stage comprises:a central gas distributor having perforations on a lateral surface for distributing reactant gas into the cross-flow reactor, wherein the central gas distributor distributes the reactant gas through the perforations in a direction substantially tangential to a downward flowing liquid reactant;a middle region for accommodating a packed catalyst bed and receiving the liquid reactant, the middle region being concentric to the central gas distributor, wherein the lateral surface of the central gas distributor forms an inner bound of the middle region and perforated support plates form an outer bound of the middle region, and wherein porous support plates form an upper and a lower bound of the middle region, and ...

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19-05-2016 дата публикации

Collector pipe for a radial-bed reactor

Номер: US20160136605A1
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

This invention relates to a collector pipe ( 8 ) that is permeable to a gaseous fluid and able to retain particles having a dimension that is greater than a minimum dimension, in which the cross-section of said pipe is a convex polygon having at least three sides.

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03-06-2021 дата публикации

ONE-STEP FLOW-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF CANNABIDIOL (CBD) AND DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20210163387A1
Принадлежит: TRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY

Herein are described apparatus and processes for the preparation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and derivatives thereof. The apparatus and processes described can be used for the one-step, flow-mediated synthesis of cannabidiol and derivatives with improved overall yield, material throughput, and product purity relative to batch processes. 4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second compound is (IIA) and Zis CRor the second compound is (IIB) claim 1 , and Rin (IIA) and (IIB) is —COH claim 1 , and wherein the process further comprises a decarboxylation step.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the decarboxylation step comprises continuous flow thermolysis.6. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising diluting the solution comprising CBD or the derivative thereof.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein said diluting produces a two phase solution claim 6 , having a first and second phase claim 6 , wherein the first phase has a higher concentration of CBD or the derivative thereof.8. The process according to claim 7 , further comprising separating the first phase from the second phase.9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein said separating comprises a membrane separation step.10. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising separating CBD or the derivative thereof from the solution comprising the CBD or derivative thereof.11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein separating comprises a membrane separation step.12. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising isolating the CBD or derivative thereof using a method selected from crystallization claim 1 , concentration claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , drying claim 1 , spray drying claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , chromatographic separation claim 1 , extraction claim 1 , filtering or combinations thereof.14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein Ris XR.15. The process according to claim 13 , wherein Ris alkyl.19. The process according to ...

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17-05-2018 дата публикации

Processing of challenged fractions and cracked co-feeds

Номер: US20180134972A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Systems and methods are provided for upgrading blends of catalytic slurry oil and steam cracker tar to form fuel and/or fuel blending products. The steam cracker tar can optionally correspond to a fluxed steam cracker tar that includes steam cracker gas oil and/or another type of gas oil or other diluent. It has been unexpectedly discovered that blends of catalytic slurry oil and steam cracker tar can be hydroprocessed under fixed bed conditions while reducing or minimizing the amount of coke formation on the hydroprocessing catalyst and/or while reducing or minimizing plugging of the fixed bed, as would be conventionally expected during fixed bed processing of a feed containing a substantial portion of steam cracker tar. Additionally or alternately, it has been unexpectedly discovered that formation of coke fines within steam cracker tar can be reduced or minimized by blending steam cracker tar with catalytic slurry oil. This can facilitate fixed bed processing of the steam cracker tar, as after removal of particles the blend of catalytic slurry oil and steam cracker tar can maintain a reduced or minimized level of coke fines and/or other particles.

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30-04-2020 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Process and Device for Treatment Heavy Marine Fuel Oil and Resultant Composition Including Ultrasound Promoted Desulfurization

Номер: US20200131443A1
Принадлежит: Magëmä Technology LLC

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and a ultrasound treatment process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed. 1. A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , wherein the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 except for the environmental contaminates including a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) greater than 0.50 wt % , with ultrasound having a frequency in the range of about 10 kHz and about 100 megahertz and a sonic energy in the range of about 30 watts/cmto about 300 watts/cm , and a temperature ranging between 30° C. and 260° C. to give an ultrasonic pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; mixing a quantity of the ultrasonic pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more supported transition metal catalysts under reactive conditions to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and , discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with ultrasound takes place in the presence of water or supercritical water in which the volume ratio of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the ...

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30-04-2020 дата публикации

NESTED-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS AND CHEMICAL REACTORS

Номер: US20200132383A1
Автор: Vernon Milton E.
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process. 1. (canceled)2. A chemical reactor comprising:a first tube;a second tube positioned in the first tube and defining an annular space between the first tube and the second tube; anda manifold assembly coupled to a first end of the first tube and a first end of the second tube, wherein the manifold assembly defines a first opening in direct fluid communication with the annular space between the first tube and the second tube and a second opening in direct fluid communication with a channel along the length of the second tube,wherein a second end of the second tube is open proximate a second end of the first tube.3. The chemical reactor of claim 2 , wherein the first tube and the second tube are coaxial.4. The chemical reactor of claim 2 , wherein a bayonet flow path is defined by the annular space claim 2 , the first and second openings claim 2 , and the channel claim 2 , and comprising a catalyst disposed along the bayonet flow path.5. The chemical reactor of claim 2 , comprising a heating assembly disposed around the manifold assembly.6. The chemical reactor of claim 2 , comprising a water shift reaction (WSR) unit configured to receive a product gas generated in the chemical reactor.7. The chemical reactor of claim 2 , wherein a ...

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24-05-2018 дата публикации

REACTOR DEVICE FOR THE RELEASE OF A GAS FROM A STARTING MATERIAL

Номер: US20180141017A1
Принадлежит:

A reactor device for the release of a gas from a starting material includes a reactor housing having a longitudinal axis and at least one single reactor arranged in the reactor housing, the single reactor including a base plate oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, a starting material flow channel defining a starting material flow direction, a catalyst arranged in the starting material flow channel, a heating unit for heating the catalyst and/or the starting material and a gas collection chamber arranged above the starting material flow channel for collecting the gas released from the starting material. 1. A reactor device for the release of a gas from a starting material , the reactor device comprising:a reactor housing having a longitudinal axis;at least one single reactor arranged in the reactor housing, the at least one single reactor comprising a base plate oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, a starting material flow channel defining a starting material flow direction, a catalyst arranged in the starting material flow channel, a heating unit for heating at least one of the catalyst a and the starting material, a gas collection chamber arranged above the starting material flow channel for collecting the gas released from the starting material.2. A reactor device according to claim 1 , that wherein the starting material flow channel is directly connected to the gas collection chamber along a first length claim 1 , wherein the first length is at least half of a total length of the starting material flow channel.3. A reactor device according to Maims claim 1 , wherein a gas collection chamber volume is a multiple of a starting material flow channel volume.4. A reactor device according to claim 1 , wherein a gas flow direction is oriented transversely to the starting material flow direction claim 1 , the gas flow being oriented perpendicular to the starting material flow direction.5. A reactor device according to claim 1 , wherein the starting ...

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02-06-2016 дата публикации

REACTOR FOR PREPARING HYDROGEN CYANIDE BY THE ANDRUSSOW PROCESS, EQUIPMENT COMPRISING SAID REACTOR AND PROCESS USING SUCH AN EQUIPMENT

Номер: US20160152484A1
Принадлежит: Arkema France

The present invention relates to a reactor () for preparing hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process, to an equipment () comprising said reactor and to a process for preparing hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process. The reactor () comprising at least one gas inlet (I) for reactant gases mixture, a catalyst (), a porous support for the catalyst (), a porous sub support () and at least one outlet (P) for the reaction products. According to the invention, said reactor has a cone frustum shaped metallic casing () and comprises inside the metallic casing, a gas distributor () located between the gas inlet and the catalyst, said distributor comprising at least one cone frustum element (D, . . . Dn) having an upper base directed towards the gas inlet (I). 1201210202203. Reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process , with at least one gas inlet for reactant gases mixture , a catalyst , at least one support for the catalyst and at least one outlet for the reaction products , wherein said reactor () comprises a cone frustum shaped casing () and comprises inside said casing , a gas distributor () located between a gas inlet (I) and a catalyst () , said distributor comprising at least onecone frustum element (Dn) having an upper base directed towards the gas inlet.2201. Reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process according to claim 1 , wherein said reactor () is a cone frustum shaped with cylindrical bases.311212. Reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein the gas distributor comprises a plurality of coaxial cone frustum elements (D claim 1 , . . . Dn) being arranged around each other with a central cone frustum element having a height h claim 1 , an outer cone frustum element having an height hn claim 1 , and intermediate elements having respectively height h claim 1 , . . . claim 1 , h(n−1) claim 1 , where h is smaller than h claim 1 , and respectively h(n−1) is smaller than hn.42150. Reactor for ...

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15-09-2022 дата публикации

Chemical Reactor with Integrated Heat Exchanger, Heater, and High Conductance Catalyst Holder

Номер: US20220289583A1
Принадлежит: Starfire Energy Inc

A chemical reactor that combines a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, heater, and catalyst holder into a single device is disclosed. The chemical reactor described herein reduces the cost of the reactor and reduces its parasitic heat losses. The disclosed chemical reactor is suitable for use in ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis.

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16-05-2019 дата публикации

METHOD OF PREPARING BUTADIENE

Номер: US20190144361A1
Принадлежит: LG CHEM, LTD.

A method of preparing butadiene and a device for preparing the same. The method includes passing reaction raw materials containing butene, oxygen, steam, and a diluent gas through an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor, and oxidative dehydrogenation is performed therein to produce a reaction product separating water from the reaction product condensing hydrocarbons to produce a crude hydrocarbon mixture; and separating butadiene from the crude hydrocarbon mixture, where a gas containing n-butane remaining after the butadiene is separated is fed into the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor, and butane is used as a diluent gas. Because butane is used as a diluent gas, a C4 mixture and gas products may be easily separated through cooling and condensation processes. Thus, the method may increase productivity while reducing energy consumption and raw material costs, thereby improving economic efficiency. 1. A method of preparing butadiene , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'passing reaction raw materials containing butene, oxygen (O), steam, and a diluent gas through an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor, and oxidative dehydrogenation is performed therein to produce a reaction product comprising a butadiene-containing C4 mixture, gas products and water;'}separating the water from the butadiene-containing C4 mixture and gas products by passing the reaction product through a cooling separator;passing the butadiene-containing C4 mixture and the gas products, from which water has been separated, through a condenser to condense hydrocarbons to produce a crude hydrocarbon mixture comprising n-butane, butene, and butadiene; andseparating the butadiene from the crude hydrocarbon mixture by passing the crude hydrocarbon mixture through a purification apparatus,wherein a gas containing n-butane remaining after the butadiene is separated in the purification apparatus is fed into the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor, and the diluent gas is butane.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

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07-05-2020 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Process and Device Utilizing Structured Catalyst Beds and Reactive Distillation for the Production of a Low Sulfur Heavy Marine Fuel Oil

Номер: US20200140765A1
Принадлежит: Magëmä Technology LLC

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed. 1. A process for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: mixing a quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , wherein Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) but has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) greater than 0.5% wt. with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive distillation conditions to promote the formation of a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture , wherein said one or more catalysts are in the form of a structured catalyst bed; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the liquid components of the Process Mixture from the bulk gaseous components of the Process Mixture; and separating any residual gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components from the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the structured catalyst bed comprises a plurality of catalyst retention structures claim 1 , each catalyst retention structure composed of a pair of fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets claim 1 , wherein the pair of the fluid permeable corrugated metal sheets are aligned such that the corrugations are out of phase and thereby defining a catalyst rich space and a catalyst lean space within the ...

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07-06-2018 дата публикации

REACTORS AND REACTOR-INTERNAL DEVICES FOR DEHYDROGENATION OF HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20180154324A1
Принадлежит:

A fixed bed reactor for cyclic, catalytic de-hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, such as alkanes and a reactor-internal device for improving distribution of hydrocarbon feed into the fixed catalyst bed of the reactor. The device comprises a vertical deflector plate with multiple horizontal slits and a frustum cone with multiple perforations on the lateral surface, connected to the bottom end of the plate. The reactor includes a main horizontal reaction vessel containing a fixed catalyst bed and a cactus-shaped inlet assembly sub-divided into three inlets at the upper half portion to supply fluid streams, including hydrocarbon feed, to the catalyst bed. The distributor device is positioned inside a main central vertical arm of the inlet assembly form by the convergene of the three inlets. Various embodiments of the distributor device where the slit thicknesses, distance between slits, perforation diameter, distance between perforations are varied, are also provided. 1. A device for distributing one or more fluid streams evenly into a catalyst bed comprising:a vertical deflector plate having a top end, a bottom end and a vertical span, the vertical span comprising a plurality of horizontal slits along the vertical span length; anda frustum cone connected to the bottom end, the frustum cone having an angled, lateral surface comprising a plurality of perforations arranged in rows having a triangular pitch.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the horizontal slits are parallel to one another.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the horizontal slits have equal or varying thicknesses of 0.1-0.5 meters.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the perforations have equal or varying diameters of 0.5-20.0 centimeters.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the perforations have triangular pitch of equal or varying lengths.6. A fixed bed reactor system claim 1 , comprising:a horizontal vessel comprising an elongated, fixed catalyst bed positioned inside the horizontal vessel laterally along the ...

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08-06-2017 дата публикации

INLET DISTRIBUTOR AND FIXED VALVE TRAY FOR SPHERICAL REACTOR

Номер: US20170157586A1
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

The invention relates to distributing reactants more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing a distributor at the inlet end that initially directs the flow of reactants through a series of circumferential nozzles. The nozzles are physical spaced such that the first nozzle provides the reactants into the vessel to spread radially and broadly outwardly into the vessel and each successive circumferential nozzle to deliver reactants in a less broadly distribution or dispersion where the interior space is filled with reactants without broadly diverse velocities that may create hot spots within the catalyst bed. The invention further includes a catalyst support tray having through holes that are sized and spaced to limit higher velocity regions within the catalyst bed and cause a more even distribution of the flow and thereby reduce hot spots within the catalyst bed. 1. A reactor vessel comprising:a) a shell having an open interior space within the shell, an inlet into the interior space for the admission of reactants and an outlet at the opposite end thereof to allow the exit of products;b) a distributor comprising a generally cylindrical body having an inlet end and an outlet end; a first deflector ring with an integrally attached first neck attached to but spaced from the outlet end of the generally cylindrical body by stanchions such that a circumferential nozzle is defined between the deflector ring and the outlet end of the generally cylindrical body and the neck extends from the first deflector ring away from the generally cylindrical body; at least one additional deflector ring with an integrally attached additional neck attached to but spaced from the first neck by stanchions such that a an additional circumferential nozzle is defined between the additional deflector ring and the first neck; and a deflector plate attached to said additional deflector ring by stanchions, but spaced from said additional neck to define a last circumferential ...

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08-06-2017 дата публикации

Combination equalizer, inlet distributor and fixed valve tray for spherical reactor

Номер: US20170157587A1
Автор: Brad P. Palmer
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

The invention relates to equalizing and distributing vapor more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing an equalizing section and distributor section at the inlet end and a fixed valve tray at the bottom of the reactor to equalize and distribute the flow.

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08-06-2017 дата публикации

COMBINATION EQUALIZER AND INLET DISTRIBUTOR FOR SPHERICAL REACTOR

Номер: US20170157588A1
Автор: Palmer Brad P.
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

The invention relates to equalizing and distributing reactants more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing a combination equalizer and distributor at the inlet end that initially impedes with uneven flow rates of vapor and then directs the flow of vapor through a series of circumferential nozzles. The nozzles are physical spaced such that the first nozzle provides the reactants into the vessel to spread radially and broadly outwardly into the vessel and each successive circumferential nozzle to deliver reactants in a less broadly distribution or dispersion where the interior space is filled with reactants without broadly diverse velocities that may create hot spots within the catalyst bed. 1. A reactor inlet system arranged to be installed into a reactor vessel and receive vapor from a tubular delivery conduit and distribute the vapor into the reactor vessel for generally even flow through the reactor vessel wherein the reactor inlet system comprises:a) a generally hollow cylindrical body having an inlet end at a top thereof and an outlet end spaced from the inlet end at a bottom thereof and also including a generally center axis and in interior wall, an equalizer section positioned generally within the generally cylindrical body at the inlet end, and a distributor section positioned near the outlet end of the generally cylindrical body; i) a flange equalizer plate positioned generally at the inlet end of the generally cylindrical body and arranged to minimally obstruct vapor entering the reactor inlet at a periphery of the tubular delivery conduit;', 'ii) a top equalizer plate positioned within the generally hollow cylindrical body and spaced downwardly from the flange equalizer plate and spaced inwardly from the generally hollow cylindrical body and arranged to minimally obstruct vapor moving generally downwardly through the generally hollow cylindrical body nearer to the interior wall than to the generally center axis;', 'iii) a middle ...

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14-05-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PYRROLE COMPOUND

Номер: US20200148637A1
Принадлежит: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

The present invention provides a production method of a 3-cyanopyrrole compound possibly useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products. A production method of compound (II) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. A production method of compound (III) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction followed by a cyclization reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. 2. (canceled)4. The production method according to wherein the supported metal catalyst comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe) claim 1 , nickel (Ni) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , rhodium (Rh) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) claim 1 , cobalt (Co) claim 1 , and a combination thereof.5. The production method according to wherein the supported metal catalyst comprises palladium (Pd) as a metal.6. The production method according to wherein the supported metal catalyst has a metal content of 0.1-15 wt % relative to the whole weight of the supported metal catalyst.7. The production method according to wherein the metal of the supported metal catalyst is supported by a carrier selected from the group consisting of carbon claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , silica-alumina claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , titania claim 1 , zeolite claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , calcium carbonate-lead claim 1 , molecular sieve and polymer.8. The production method according to wherein the metal of the supported metal catalyst is supported by alumina as a carrier.9. The production method according to wherein the hydrogenation is performed in a solvent containing an acid.10. The production method according to wherein the acid is acetic acid.11. The production ...

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24-06-2021 дата публикации

RESATURATION OF GAS INTO A LIQUID FEEDSTREAM

Номер: US20210187464A1
Принадлежит: CRYSTAPHASE PRODUCTS, INC.

A method for enabling gas exchange and chemical reactions with one or more liquid streams contained in a reactive process vessel are provided. One or more exchange layers within the process vessel can be composed of both collector media and releaser media. The exchange layers allow elements to facilitate increased performance of vessel operations by promoting gas component mixing and diffusion. Improved rates of gas component exchange mean less coking and more gas components available for reaction. 1. A method of treating a reactant-lean liquid phase in a process vessel , comprising:passing the reactant-lean liquid phase and a gas phase co-currently through an exchange layer in the process vessel, wherein the gas phase comprises a reactant; anddiffusing at least some of the reactant from the gas phase into the reactant-lean liquid phase in the exchange layer to form a reactant-rich liquid phase,wherein the exchange layer comprises a plurality of collector media and a plurality of releaser media, and wherein the collector media comprise porous solid materials capable of collecting the reactant-lean liquid phase within the collector media,and wherein the releaser media comprise solid materials having a thin film formed on an outer surface thereof that is capable of facilitating contact and diffusion between the reactant-lean liquid phase and the gas phase,and wherein the thin film is formed on the releaser media during processing as a result of liquid released from the collected liquid phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process vessel is a trickle bed reactor.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passing the reactant-rich liquid phase through a bed of porous solid elements following the exchange layer claim 1 , the porous solid elements comprising at least one of catalysts claim 1 , sorbents and reactants.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing a treating process in the process vessel to remove an undesired species from the liquid ...

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14-06-2018 дата публикации

CATALYTIC REACTOR

Номер: US20180161742A1
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

The invention relates to a catalytic reactor suited for exothermal reactions with a radial process fluid flow and process fluid flow guides which ensures an extended fluid flow path and higher flow velocity and thereby enhanced cooling of the catalyst bed in the reactor. 2. A catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one outer process fluid passage claim 1 , wherein the centre process fluid passage comprises a plurality of reactant inlets and the at least one outer process fluid passage comprises a plurality of product outlets claim 1 , whereby the process fluid flows in a radial plane in the reactor through the at least one catalyst bed from the reactant inlets claim 1 , guided around the at least one process fluid flow guide to the product outlets.3. A catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one outer process fluid passage claim 1 , wherein the at least one outer process fluid passage comprises a plurality of reactant inlets and the centre process fluid passage comprises a plurality of product outlets claim 1 , whereby the process fluid flows in a radial plane in the reactor through the at least one catalyst bed from the reactant inlets claim 1 , guided around the at least one process fluid flow guide to the product outlets.4. A catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor has a circular cross section and the at least one outer process fluid passage is arranged radially around the centre process fluid passage.5. A catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein at least one process fluid flow guide is arranged around a part of each outer process fluid passage claim 1 , restricting the process fluid to flow from the at least one reactant inlet and around the flow guide before it can flow to the at least one product outlet.6. A catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one process fluid flow guide is U-shaped or V-shaped in a cross sectional view of the reactor claim 1 , and ...

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30-05-2019 дата публикации

SCALLOP SUPPORT DISTRIBUTOR FOR RADIAL FLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20190160444A1
Принадлежит:

A supported scallop and a support distributor therefor for use in a radial flow reactor. The support distributor includes an elongated sheet having a plurality of perforations extending through a thickness thereof, and at least one edge along a length thereof so as to form a member having at least one support point which engages an inner surface of the scallop. 1. A support distributor for a scallop for use in a radial flow reactor , comprising: a plurality of perforations extending through a thickness thereof, the plurality of perforations being configured to allow gases, vapors, or liquids to flow through the thickness of the elongated sheet, and', 'at least one edge along a length thereof so as to form a member having at least one support point which engages an inner surface of the scallop., 'an elongated sheet having2. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein the elongated sheet has a plurality of edges along the length thereof so that the member has a plurality support points which engage the inner surface of the scallop.3. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein the support distributor has one of a V-shaped cross-section claim 1 , a W-shaped cross-section claim 1 , a triangular cross-sectional shape claim 1 , a square cross-sectional shape claim 1 , or a rectangular cross-sectional shape.4. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of perforations has a generally circular claim 1 , square claim 1 , or rectangular shape.5. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein the elongated sheet is formed of a metal alloy.6. The support distributor of claim 5 , wherein the metal alloy is stainless steel.7. A support distributor for a scallop for use in a radial flow reactor claim 5 , comprising: a plurality of perforations extending through a thickness thereof, the plurality of perforations being configured to allow gases, vapors, or liquids to flow through the thickness, and', 'at least one edge along a length thereof so as to form a ...

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21-05-2020 дата публикации

CATALYTIC REACTOR COMPRISING FIBROUS CATALYST PARTICLES SUPPORT

Номер: US20200156033A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a reactor containing of catalyst particles, a layer of fibrous catalyst particles support below said catalyst particles and a lower means of structural support below said catalyst particles with the associated benefit of such a reactor having increased space for catalyst particles, compared to a reactor with inert particles supporting the catalyst particles. 1. A reactor containing catalyst particles , a layer of fibrous catalyst particles support below said catalyst particles and a lower means of structural support below said catalyst particles , wherein the ratio between width and thickness of the fibrous catalyst particles support is at least 50:1 and the fibrous catalyst particles support allows passage of a liquid.2. A reactor according to in which said layer of fibrous catalyst particles support comprises oxide fibres.3. A reactor according to in which said layer of fibrous catalyst particles support comprises non-oxide material.4. A reactor according to in which said layer of fibrous catalyst particles support comprises oxide fibers as well as non-oxide material.5. A reactor according to in which said layer of fibrous catalyst particles support is a composite on fibre level.6. A reactor according to in which said layer of fibrous catalyst particles support is a layered composite comprising a layer of a material comprising oxide fibres and a second layer comprising non-oxidic fibres.7. A reactor according to in which said layer of fibrous catalyst particles support provides retention for particles with a diameter above 0.1 mm.8. A reactor according to in which said layer of fibrous catalyst particles support provides a resistance to a flow of a mixture below 1.5 kPa when said mixture comprises a gas with a viscosity of 0.017 cP and flowing through the fibrous catalyst particles support with a linear flow rate of 250 m/h; and a liquid with a viscosity of 0.15 cP claim 1 , flowing through the fibrous catalyst particles support ...

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01-07-2021 дата публикации

Reactor for Heating a Gas and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20210197158A1
Принадлежит:

This invention discloses a reactor and methods for heating of a gas as it reacts with a solid. The reactor contains gas conducts that are empty of solids and that cross through a region packed with solids. The wall of the gas conducts has orifices to make it permeable but not selective to gases, while effectively separating the solids from the gas. In the reactor, the heat source to heat up the gas is generated by the exothermic reaction of the solids with one active component of the gas. The region packed with the reacting solids is at temperatures ranging from 500° C. to 1500° C., to promote the heat transfer towards the gas and the high reactivity of the solids with the active components of the gas, that is forced to diffuse from the conduct through the orifices of the conduct wall. 1. Reactor for heating a gas by reaction with solids , said reactor comprising gas conducts crossing through a region packed with the solids , said gas conducts having walls that are permeable but not selective to gases , characterized in that:i. the walls of said gas conducts present orifices with a length between 1 and 3 mm, while the void fraction of the walls range from 0.1 to 0.5;ii. the ratio between the length of said gas conducts and their effective diameter ranges from 200 to 1000;iii. the temperature of the region packed with the solids is between 500-1500° C.2. Reactor for heating a gas according to claim 1 , wherein the gas is air claim 1 , and the reactive component of the gas is oxygen.3. Reactor for heating a gas according to anyone of or claim 1 , wherein the packed solids form a bed which comprises a reactive component selected from a carbonaceous fuel claim 1 , a transition metal claim 1 , a partially oxidized transition metal or calcium sulfide.4. Reactor for heating a gas according to claim 3 , wherein the transition metal is selected from Fe claim 3 , Ni claim 3 , Cu claim 3 , Mn or Co.5. Reactor for heating a gas according to anyone of or claim 3 , wherein the ...

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23-06-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND A REACTOR FOR OXIDATION OF A HYDROCARBON

Номер: US20160176710A1
Автор: Zanichelli Luna
Принадлежит: Casale SA

A process and related reactor () for oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock are disclosed, the reactor () comprising a vessel () and a neck () with an axial burner () and a tangential gas inlet (), wherein the neck () has a swirling chamber () located below said burner () and connected to said gas inlet (), to produce a gas vortex (V) which optimizes the mixing between the gas stream (G) and the oxidizer in said neck (). Preferably the swirling chamber () has an internal surface () with a log-spiral profile. 1. A reactor for reacting a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock with an oxidizer stream , the reactor comprising:a vessel defining a combustion chamber,at least an axial burner for delivering said oxidizer stream to said combustion chamber,an inlet for said hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, anda swirling chamber connected to said inlet, wherein said swirling chamber is located downstream of said burner and upstream of said combustion chamber, and is in fluid communication with said burner and combustion chamber,wherein said inlet and swirling chamber are arranged to impart a swirling motion around an axis of the reformer to the hydrocarbon-containing feedstock,wherein said swirling chamber is delimited laterally by a side wall with a spiral-like internal surface so that the distance of said internal surface from the axis of the reformer progressively decreases from the inlet section of said hydrocarbon-containing feedstock inlet.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said vessel has a neck delimiting at least part of said combustion chamber claim 1 , the neck having a portion with enlarged cross section claim 1 , and wherein said portion delimits the swirling chamber and is connected with the hydrocarbon-containing feedstock inlet.3. The reactor according to claim 2 , wherein said swirling chamber is located at the top of the neck.4. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein there is a gap between said swirling chamber and the tip of said burner claim 1 , so ...

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23-06-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACRYLIC ACID FROM FORMALDEHYDE AND ACETIC ACID

Номер: US20160176797A1
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid, comprising reacting formaldehyde and acetic acid via an aldol condensation in a reaction unit comprising n reaction zones arranged in series, each comprising an aldol condensation catalyst, where n is at least 2, and wherein at least one stream leaving a reaction zone, before being fed into the reaction zone immediately downstream, is mixed with a stream comprising formaldehyde and optionally comprising acetic acid. The present invention further relates to an apparatus for preparing acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid and to the use of this apparatus. 1. A process for preparing acrylic acid from formaldehyde and acetic acid , comprising{'b': '0', '(a) providing a stream S() comprising formaldehyde and acetic acid;'}{'b': 0', '0, 'claim-text': (i) feeding a stream S(x−1) into the reaction zone R(x);', '(ii) contacting the stream S(x−1) with the aldol condensation catalyst present in the reaction zone R(x) to obtain a stream S(x) comprising acrylic acid;', '(iii) removing the stream S(x) from the reaction zone R(x);, '(b) reacting formaldehyde present in S() with acetic acid present in S() by means of an aldol condensation in a reaction unit comprising n reaction zones R(x) arranged in series, each comprising an aldol condensation catalyst, where n is at least 2, to obtain a stream S(n) comprising acrylic acid from the last reaction zone R(n) of the reaction unit comprising the n reaction zones arranged in series, wherein the process comprises, for each reaction zone R(x) of the reaction unit comprising the n reaction zones arranged in serieswhere, when x is less than n, the stream S(x) additionally comprises acetic acid and, downstream of at least one of the reaction zones R(x), the stream leaving this reaction zone R(x) as stream S(x), before being fed into the reaction zone R(x+1) immediately downstream, is mixed with a stream Z(x) comprising ...

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22-06-2017 дата публикации

CATALYTIC SYSTEM FOR CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION PROCESSES WITH A SHORT CONTACT TIME

Номер: US20170173568A1
Принадлежит: ENI S.P.A.

The present invention relates to a catalytic system comprising at least two catalytic zones of which at least one zone exclusively contains one or more noble metals selected from the group consisting of Rhodium, Ruthenium, Iridium, Palladium and Platinum and at least another zone contains Nickel, said catalytic system characterized in that at least one zone exclusively containing noble metals selected from the group consisting of Rhodium, Ruthenium, Iridium, Palladium and Platinum is always distinct but in contact with at least one zone containing Nickel. 1. (canceled)2. A process of catalytic partial oxidation for the production of synthesis Gas and , with further steps , of hydrogen , using a catalytic system comprising at least two catalytic zones whose at least one zone contains exclusively one or more noble metals selected in the group consisting of Rhodium , Ruthenium , Iridium , Palladium and Platinum and at least the other zone contains Nickel , said catalytic system characterized in that at least one zone containing exclusively noble metals selected in the group consisting of Rhodium , Ruthenium , Iridium , Palladium and Platinum is always distinct but in contact with at least one zone containing Nickel; [{'sub': n', '2', 'n', '2, 'hydrocarbons and/or oxygenated compounds which are either liquid or gaseous at the inlet temperature and pressure of at least one reaction equipment, wherein the liquid hydrocarbons are selected from naphtha, gas oils, heavy gas oils such as Light Cycle Oils, deasphalted oils and mixtures thereof, wherein the oxygenated compounds are selected from ethanol, ethylene glycol, triglycerides of fatty acids, glycerine and carbohydrates with formula C(HO)Hand mixture thereof, wherein the gaseous hydrocarbons are selected from methane, Natural Gas, Refinery Fuel Gas, liquefied petroleum gas and mixture thereof;'}, 'air, enriched air with oxygen at any volumetric percentage ranging from 21% to 100%, or pure oxygen;', 'optionally steam and ...

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