ТВЕРДОЖИДКОСТНАЯ РЕАКЦИЯ

Изобретение относится к химической промышленности и может быть использовано для получения простых или сложных эфиров или смешанных ангидридов кислот. Способ проведения твердожидкостной реакции включает: а) получение реакционной суспензии, в которой первый реагент находится в суспендированной форме, а второй реагент находится в растворенной форме в суспензионной среде, причем один из продуктов реакции является нерастворимым в суспензионной среде, б) прохождение реакционной суспензии через удлиненную реакционную зону, таким образом, что число Рейнольдса потока составляет меньше чем 20000, в) отделение образовавшегося нерастворимого продукта реакции. Технический результат изобретения заключается в том, что нерастворимый продукт реакции получают в форме, которая легко фильтруется. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ОСТАТКА ВАКУУМНОЙ ДИСТИЛЛЯЦИИ НЕФТИ И ВАКУУМНОГО ГАЗОЙЛЯ В СИСТЕМАХ РЕАКТОРОВ С КИПЯЩИМ СЛОЕМ

Изобретение относится к способу повышения качества углеводородных остатков и тяжелого дистиллятного сырья, включающему: введение в контакт углеводородных остатков и водорода с металлосодержащим катализатором гидропереработки на нецеолитной основе в первой системе реакторов гидропереработки в кипящем слое для получения первого выходящего потока; фракционирование первого выходящего потока из первого реактора гидропереработки в кипящем слое для получения первого жидкого продукта и первого парового продукта; введение в контакт первого парового продукта с углеводородным потоком в абсорбционной колонне в противоточном режиме; отделение первого парового продукта и углеводородного потока в абсорбционной колонне для образования второго парового продукта и второго жидкого продукта, причем второй паровой продукт имеет пониженное содержание средних дистиллятов и содержит углеводороды фракции газойля, введение в контакт второго парового продукта и тяжелого дистиллятного сырья с цеолитным селективным ...

СИСТЕМА ОТБОРА ПРОБ ИЗ ЖИДКО-ТВЕРДОЙ СМЕСИ ДЛЯ ПЕТЛЕВОГО СУСПЕНЗИОННОГО РЕАКТОРА

Изобретение относится к способу и системе измерения характеристик жидкости в двухфазной смеси жидкой и твердой фаз. Описан способ эксплуатации системы, содержащей единственный петлевой суспензионный реактор-полимеризатор или два или более петлевых суспензионных реактора-полимеризатора с интегрированными системами отбора проб смеси жидкой и твердой фаз. Также описаны система и способ измерения характеристик смеси жидкой и твердой фаз жидкости в сосуде. Технический результат - быстрое и эффективное разделение твердой и жидкой фаз с обеспечением потока жидкости, свободного от твердых частиц, которые могут закупоривать или отрицательно влиять на аналитическое оборудование. 3 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 1 табл.

СПОСОБ ДОЗИРОВАНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ

FIELD: chemical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention provides a method for dispensing catalysts into reactor, which method comprises slurring catalyst in hydrocarbon by mixing in receiver to provoke resulting slurry to travel through three-way metering valve and ejector directly into reactor. More particularly, catalyst-containing slurry is first unloaded from the receiver by means of pulp and subjected to continuous circulation to return slurry into receiver through three-way metering valve over closed conduit system, after which receiver is set to a pressure by 0.1 to 30 bar superior to that in reactor and, owing to pulsing functioning of three-way metering valve now in open position, slurry is continuously fed to reactor through flowmeter, which controls the valve, and ejector in series connected thereto. Scheme of dispensing device is presented. Invention assure continuous and uniform supply of catalyst to reactor wherein introduction of foreign impurities into reaction zone is almost completely excluded and measurement of metered catalyst intake is thus enabled. EFFECT: increased working reliability and limiting service time of dispensing device containing essentially no moving parts with large-area sealed surfaces. 12 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 5 ex ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (11) 2 308 320 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ B01J 4/02 B01J 3/02 B01J 8/00 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 30.01.2002 (30) Êîíâåíöèîííûé ïðèîðèòåò: 02.02.2001 DE 10105276.6 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 10.03.2005 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: US 4610574 À, 09.09.1986. GB 2264070 À, 18.08.1993. CN 1210029 À, 10.03.1999. US 5403556 À, 04.04.1995. SU 886962 À, 07.12.1981. JP 58079533 À, 13.05.1983. ÅÐ 466354 À, 15.01.1992. GB 896786 À, 16.05.1962. 2 3 0 8 3 2 0 R U (86) Çà âêà PCT: EP 02/00919 (30.01.2002) C 2 C 2 (85) Äàòà ...

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЙ ПРИ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЧАСТИЦ ПОЛИОЛЕФИНОВ

Изобретение относится к передаче тепла в системе реактора полимеризации. Описан способ, включающий контактирование олефина с катализатором в реакторе полимеризации. Проводят полимеризацию по меньшей мере части олефина с образованием альфа-олефинового продукта реакции, затем проводят обнаружение условия в реакторе полимеризации, определяют среднюю температуру по меньшей мере одной частицы олефинового продукта на основании условия, определяют порог рабочей температуры частиц с использованием кривой обрастания, сравнивают среднюю температуру полимерной частицы с порогом рабочей температуры частиц, изменяют один или более рабочих параметров в ответ на сравнение и поддерживают среднюю температуру по меньшей мере одной частицы олефинового полимера не выше порога рабочей температуры частиц в ответ на изменение одного или более рабочих параметров. Альфа-олефиновый продукт реакции содержит множество частиц олефинового полимера, и реактор полимеризации содержит реакционную смесь, которая содержит ...

УСТРОЙСТВО СМЕШЕНИЯ, НАХОДЯЩЕЕСЯ ВЫШЕ ЗОНЫ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к области экзотермических реакций, более конкретно, реакций гидроочистки, гидродесульфирования, гидродеазотирования, гидрокрекинга, гидрирования, гидродеоксигенации, гидроизомеризации, гидродепарафинизации или же гидродеароматизации, осуществляемых в реакторе с неподвижным слоем. Более конкретно, изобретение относится к устройству смешения и распределения текучих сред в реакторе с нисходящим прямоточным течением и к его применению для осуществления экзотермических реакций. Устройство смешения и распределения сред для каталитического реактора с нисходящим потоком содержит: зону сбора, содержащую средство сбора; по существу вертикальную коллекторную трубу и по меньшей мере одно средство впрыска, выходящее в указанную коллекторную трубу; зону смешения, содержащую камеру смешения сред, и указанная зона смешения имеет первую концевую часть, сообщающуюся с указанной коллекторной трубой, и вторую концевую часть, сообщающуюся с указанной камерой обмена сред, находящейся ниже ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПРОПУСКНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ КОНВЕРСИИ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МАСЕЛ

Изобретение относится к системе для гидроконверсии тяжелых масел, по существу содержащей реактор, парожидкостный сепаратор и десорбционную секцию продуктов конверсии, находящуюся вне реактора, содержащую трубопровод подачи десорбирующего газа в некотором месте соединительного трубопровода между верхней частью реактора и парожидкостным сепаратором, причем указанный соединительный трубопровод имеет наклон вверх, по меньшей мере от места соединения трубопровода подачи и соединительного трубопровода, с величиной наклона от 2 до 20% относительно горизонтальной плоскости. Изобретение также касается способа гидроконверсии тяжелых масел. Технический результат – достижение равновесия жидкость/пар перед вводом в парожидкостный сепаратор, увеличение эффективности массообмена, увеличение пропускной способности системы и улучшение качества продуктов. 2 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 1 пр., 2 табл., 7 ил.

ГАЗОФАЗНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ОЛЕФИНОВ

... 1. Газофазный способ полимеризации одного или нескольких α-олефинов в реакторе с псевдоожиженным слоем в присутствии катализатора полимеризации, причем указанный реактор псевдоожиженного слоя оборудован решеткой для псевдоожижения, расположенной в его основании, и внешними устройствами для рециркуляции и охлаждения непрореагировавшего газа с верха указанного реактора к указанной решетке для псевдоожижения, где способ отличается тем, что осуществляют: ! (i) непрерывный пневматический рецикл полимера посредством циркуляционной петли, связывающей указанную решетку для псевдоожижения с верхней областью реактора с псевдоожиженным слоем; ! (ii) непрерывную выгрузку полимера из зоны указанной циркуляционной петли, имеющей концентрацию полимера выше, чем концентрация полимера внутри слоя псевдоожиженного полимера. ! 2. Способ согласно п.1, в котором указанная циркуляционная петля включает практически вертикальный стояк и трубу пневматического конвейера. ! 3. Способ согласно п.1, в котором порошок ...

СЪЕМНАЯ КОРЗИНА ДЛЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО РЕАКТОРА

ТЕПЛООБМЕННИК ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ЭКЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИИ

... 1. Съемный модуль (1) охлаждения, имеющий первый и второй концы, предназначенный для использования в реакторе (20) для проведения экзотермической реакции, содержащий трубу (2) для подачи хладагента, распределительную камеру (4), большое количество циркуляционных труб (5) и коллекторную камеру (6), при этом на первом конце указанной трубы (2) для подачи хладагента имеется входной патрубок (3), служащий для подачи в модуль (1) охлаждения хладагента, а вторым концом труба (2) сообщается с указанной распределительной камерой (4), каждая из указанных циркуляционных труб (5) сообщается с распределительной камерой (4) посредством первого конца и сообщается посредством второго конца с указанной коллекторной камерой (6), причем коллекторная камера (6) имеет выходной патрубок (7) для отвода хладагента, входной патрубок (3) и выходной патрубок (7) расположены на одном и том же конце модуля (1) охлаждения, входной патрубок (3) приспособлен для присоединения к подводящему трубопроводу (8) с помощью ...

СПОСОБ ВЫГРУЗКИ ПОЛИМЕРА ИЗ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИОННОГО РЕАКТОРА

... 1. Способ выгрузки полимера из непрерывно работающего полимеризационного реактора, в котором по меньшей мере мономер полимеризуют с образованием полимерных частиц, включающий регулирование скорости выгрузки полимерных частиц с помощью поршневого клапана, имеющего поршневой элемент, соединенный с рабочим органом, причем рабочий орган обеспечивает изменение хода поршня внутри поршневого клапана. 2. Способ по п.1, применяемый для полимеризации, осуществляемой в газообразной фазе. 3. Способ по п.1, применяемый для полимеризации, осуществляемой в жидкой фазе. 4. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, в котором поршневой клапан содержит корпус клапана и поршневой элемент, скользящий внутри корпуса клапана, выпускной патрубок, и отверстие специальной формы, образующее впуск выпускного патрубка. 5. Способ по п.4, в котором внутри корпуса клапана установлена гильза. 6. Способ по п.5, в котором поршневой элемент представляет собой сплошной цилиндр, скользящий внутри гильзы. 7. Способ по п.4, в котором ось выпускного ...

СПОСОБ ДОЗИРОВАНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ

... 1. Способ дозирования катализаторов в реактор, причем сначала катализатор суспендируют в углеводороде в приемной емкости и путем перемешивания обеспечивают движение полученной суспензии, затем суспензию через трехходовой дозирующий клапан и эжектор направляют непосредственно в реактор, отличающийся тем, что сначала содержащую катализатор суспензию выгружают из приемной емкости посредством насоса и подвергают непрерывной циркуляции, возвращая суспензию в приемную емкость через трехходовой дозирующий клапан по замкнутой системе трубопроводов, затем устанавливают давление в приемной емкости, на 0,1-30 бар превышающее давление в реакторе, и благодаря пульсирующему функционированию трехходового дозирующего клапана, теперь находящегося в открытом положении, осуществляют непрерывную подачу суспензии в реактор через расходомер, управляющий этим клапаном, и последовательно присоединенный к нему эжектор. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что содержимое приемной емкости посредством насоса подвергают ...

ТВЕРДО-ЖИДКОСТНАЯ РЕАКЦИЯ

... 1. Способ проведения твердо-жидкостной реакции, включающий получение реакционной суспензии, в которой первый реагент находится в суспендированной форме, а второй реагент находится в растворенной форме в суспензионной среде, причем один из продуктов реакции является нерастворимым в суспензионной среде, прохождение реакционной суспензии через удлиненную реакционную зону, таким образом, что число Рейнольдса потока составляет меньше чем 20000, и отделение образовавшегося нерастворимого продукта реакции. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что число Рейнольдса потока составляет меньше чем 10000. 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что продольная ось реакционной зоны является вертикальной. 4. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что реакционную суспензию, получают путем смешивания суспензии первого реагента в суспензионной среде с жидким или растворенным вторым реагентом. 5. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что время нахождения реакционной суспензии в реакционной зоне, по крайней мере ...

Verfahren zur Durchführung von Stoffumwandlungen mit in Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Katalysatoren

FLUID BED REACTOR WITH INTEGRAL FLOW CIRCULATOR

FISCHER-TROPSCH CONVERSION OF SYNTHESIS GAS TO HYDROCARBONS

METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT CONTINUOUD LIQUID-PHASE PROCESSES WITH SUSPENDED CATALYST AND APPARATUS TO CARRY SAID METHOD INTO EFFECT

... 1438566 Separating liquid product from catalyst OTDELENIE ORDENA LENINA INST KHIMICHES FIZIKI AN SSSR 27 July 1973 35914/73 Heading B1F A continuous liquid-phase process with suspended catalyst is carried out in reactor 1 with stirrer 2, the mixture is circulated along conduits 4a and 4b, and product is withdrawn relatively slowly through conduit 5 whilst permitting catalyst to continue to move in the circulating system by virtue of the catalyst inertial force.

LIGHT AMOUNT MEMORISING CIRCUIT

... 1437227 Exposure control circuits ASAHI KOGAKU KOGYO KK 3 Sept 1973 [22 Sept 1972] 41312/73 Heading G2A [Also in Division G4] A light measuring device comprises a FET 4 serving as input switch, a memory capacitor 5, a feedback loop 6, 8, 11 for applying a voltage, which follows the voltage on the capacitor, to the gate of the FET 4 so that its gate-source potential remains constant, and a circuit 9, 10, 11 for lowering the gate potential to below pinch-off when the storage capacitor 5 is charged. The source 1 may be a photo diode 1 forming part of a camera. The RC circuit 9, 10 forms a timing circuit which, with switch 2, 3 open, holds transistor 11 non- conductive until the voltage across the capacitor reaches the threshold value of the transistor, upon which the transistor conducts and renders the FET 4 non-conductive. As the voltage across the storage capacitor 5 rises, the source potential of FET 6 and the emitter potential of transistor 8 rise. The gate potential of the FET 4 also ...

SOLID PHASE TRANSPORT IN SERIES FLUIDISED BED REACTORS

An improved method of controlling exothermic catalytic reactions

... The temperature of exothermic catalytic reactions is controlled by suspending the catalyst in a fluid capable of absorbing heat and passing this suspension through the reaction zone at a rate sufficient to remove excess heat. The Figure shows the application of the invention to the synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and steam. The synthesis gas is fed at 11 into a bubbling tower 10 to which the catalyst suspension is fed through one or more of the pipes 16, 161. The catalyst may be nickel activated with oxides of aluminium, manganese, or thorium, suspended in an oxygenated organic compound such as partly oxidized paraffin wax. The suspension leaving the apparatus is recycled through cooler 23 after a part or all of it has been treated for revivification of the catalyst in 26 and fractionated to recover reaction products in 32. The exit gases are cooled in 37, separated from reaction products in 41, and recycled by line 48.ALSO: In the ...

FLUIDIZED BEDS

A continuous reaction/separation method for nucleated growth reactions

A solid product resulting from the nucleated growth of the product on solid material of either the same or different composition and having a density higher than the reaction medium is formed from one or more liquid phase reactants by a method which comprises tangentially introducing the liquid phase reaction medium into the lower, smaller end of an inverted, frusto-conical reactor-separator, thereby imparting an upward swirling motion to the reaction medium in the reactor-separator, the horizontal velocity at the bottom of the reactor-separator being sufficiently large to cause fluidization of larger, solid product particles and concentration of them in the central lower portion of the reactor-separator and the vertical velocity at the top of the reactor-separator being sufficiently small to avoid carry-over of the smaller solid particles but sufficiently large to concentrate them in the upper portion of the reactor-separator; at least periodically recovering the larger, solid product ...

Method and apparatus for separating low density particles from feed slurries

Catalyst filling apparatus of bubble column slurrybed reactor and catalyst filling method of bubble column slurry bed reactor

Process and device of extraction of ions of a clear liquid or containing suspended matter by setting in contact with an exchanger.

Proceeded for the treatment and the purification of water, by flocculation in a fluidized bed of the suspended particles.

Catalyst filling apparatus of bubble column slurrybed reactor and catalyst filling method of bubble column slurry bed reactor

Catalyst filling apparatus of bubble column slurrybed reactor and catalyst filling method of bubble column slurry bed reactor

MECHANISM FOR THE FLUIDIZATION OF GRANULAR PROPERTY

ADSORBENT FOR THE CHROMATOGRAPHY, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME AND YOUR USE AS A FIXED PHASE MATRIX IN A FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR

HYDROTHERMALER EXPLANATION OF ALUMINIUM SILICATE.

WIRBELSCHICHTREAKTOR WITH INSERTED ROLLING OVER DEVICE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF REACTIONS AND EXCHANGE OF MATERIAL PROCESSES IN HETEROGENEOUS FLUIDS SYSTEMS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF CATALYSTS FOR POPYLENPOLYMERISATION

PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION AND REDUCTION OF THE SIZE OF FIRM PARTICLES

USE OF BALLS IN A FLUID BED

PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE LIQUID PHASE HYDROGENATION OF ALPHA, BETA-INSATIATED CARBONYLVERBINDUNGEN

Procedure for the polymerization of propylene

LIQUID DISPOSAL

PARTICULATE FLOW CONTROL PROCESS

Gas distributor for a reactor

IMPROVED PUMPING APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR SLURRY POLYMERIZATION IN LOOP REACTORS

Effervescent nozzle for catalyst injection

Integrated chemical process

A mineral carbonation process, characterised in that the silicate feedstock is thermally activated by using heat generated from the combustion of fuel prior to reacting the activated slurry feedstock with carbon dioxide.

Catalyst withdrawal apparatus and method for regulating catalyst inventory in a fluid catalyst cracking unit

CATALYST WITHDRAWAL APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REGULATING CATALYST INVENTORY IN A FLUID CATALYST CRACKING UNIT Abstract A catalyst withdrawal apparatus and method for regulating catalyst inventory in a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC) unit (210) is provided. In one embodiment, a catalyst withdrawal apparatus for removing catalyst from a FCC unit (210) includes a pressure vessel having a metering device (256) coupled to a fill port (314). A heat dissipater (258) is located adjacent the metering device (256) and is adapted to cool catalyst entering the pressure vessel (310). A sensor (264) is coupled to the pressure 10 vessel arranged to provide a metric indicative of catalyst entering the pressure vessel through the metering device (256). In another embodiment, a method for regulating catalyst inventory in a FCC unit (210) includes the steps of determining a change of catalyst present in a FCC unit (210), withdrawing catalyst from the FCC unit (210) into an isolatable storage vessel ...

APPARATUS FOR MIXING ACID AND BASE

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING A MIXTURE OF PARTICLES ANDFLUID

Classifier

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a classifier (100) for classification of particles according to their size and/or weight. Classifiers (100) disclosed herein may include a mixing chamber (120), and a separation chamber (110), where the separation chamber may be separable into parts. Classifiers (100) disclosed herein may include a fluidizing chamber (130). The separation chamber (110) may include a de-aeration chamber (151) and a launder (117).

High frequency energy application to petroleum feed processing

CONTACTING LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS

SLURRY PHASE POLYMERISATION PROCESS

A process comprising polymerising in a loop reactor an olefin monomer optionally together with an olefin commoner in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst in a diluent to produce a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and the diluent wherein the Froude number is maintained at or below 20 is disclosed.

METHOD FOR DOSING CATALYSTS

The invention relates to a method for dosing catalysts into a reactor, wherein the catalyst is initially suspended in hydrocarbon in a receiving container, the suspension thus obtained is maintained in motion by agitation and fed into the actual reactor via a three-way dosing valve and an ejector. The suspension containing the catalyst is firstly discharged from the receiving container with the aid of a pump and continuously circulated, whereby the suspension is returned to the receiving container via the three-way dosing valve in a closed line system, whereupon the pressure inside the receiving container is adjusted so that it is 0.1 - 30 bars higher than the pressure in the reactor and the suspension is continuously introduced into the reactor by pulsing operation of the by now opened three-way dosing valve by a throughflow measuring device which controls the three-way dosing valve and by a downstream ejector.

SOLID/LIQUID REACTION PROCESS AND VESSEL INCORPORATING BUOYANT COVERS

PROCESS AND FEEDING SYSTEM

Feeding device (1) for feeding burned lime to a reaction vessel for causticizing a soda liquor to caustic soda, which feeding device, in its upper part, comprises an inlet for a slurry of said burned lime and said soda liquor, or inlets (3, 4) for said burned lime and said soda liquor, respectively, for formation of said slurry inside said feeding device, and further comprises a feed vessel (9) of tall and slender shape, which feed vessel in its lower part comprises an outlet (10) for said slurry, which outlet, via one or more pump(s) (24, 25), is operatively connected to said reaction vessel. The invention also relates to a process and a feeding system which utilises said feeding device, in which process the slurry is created of said burned lime and a first part of said soda liquor, a second part being preheated (28) before addition to the slurry, whereafter slaking and causticizing reactions are completed under elevated temperature and pressure.

CONTINUOUS ION EXCHANGE USING A LIQUID-SOLID CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

A continuous Liquid-Solids Circulating Fluidized Bed (LSCFB) preferably for use as an ion exchanger consists of two fluidized bed columns, a fluidized bed adsorber (downer) operating in conventional fluidized bed mode for adsorption of ions of interest and a fluidized bed riser for desorption of ions (operating as a riser fluidized bed) to provide regenerated particles. Ion exchange particles circulate continuously between the riser and the downer i.e. the particles that have adsorbed ions in the absorber pass from the adsorber (downer) to the desorber where they are regenerated and the so regenerated particles are return to the adsorber near the top of the adsorber column. The LSCFB can be used in processes for continuous recovery of the ions of interest.

METHOD TO ENHANCE CLARIFICATION IN A MIXING REACTOR AND SAIDMIXING REACTOR

The invention relates to a mixing reactor for mixing a liquid and pulvero us solid, clarification the solution that is formed and discharging the clar ified solution from the mixing reactor, in the lower section of which a flui dized bed is formed. The invention also relates to a method for mixing a liq uid and pulverous solid into each other in a fluidized bed, for clarificatio n the solution that is formed and for discharging the clarified solution fro m the mixing reactor.

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH CONVERSION

A method for forming C2+ hydrocarbons by forming a dispersion comprising synthesis gas bubbles dispersed in a liquid phase comprising hydrocarbons in a high shear device, wherein the average bubble diameter of the synthesis gas bubbles is less than about 1.5 microns, introducing the dispersion into a reactor, and removing a product stream comprising C2+ hydrocarbons from the reactor. A system for converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas into C2+ hydrocarbons including at least one high shear mixing device comprising at least one rotor and at least one stator separated by a shear gap, wherein the high shear mixing device is capable of producing a tip speed of the at least one rotor of greater than 22.9 m/s (4,500 ft/min), and a pump configured for delivering a fluid stream comprising liquid medium to the high shear mixing device.

INTEGRATED CHEMICAL PROCESS

A mineral carbonation process, characterised in that the silicate feedsto ck is thermally activated by using heat generated from the combustion of fue l prior to reacting the activated slurry feedstock with carbon dioxide. ...

PROCESS FOR WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION THROUGH FLOCCULATION OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS ON A FLUIDISED BED

PROCEDE POUR LE TRAITEMENT ET L'EPURATION DES EAUX, PAR FLOCULATION EN LIT FLUIDISE DES PARTICULES EN SUSPENSION L'invention concerne un procédé pour floculer des matières en suspension dans des eaux. Selon l'invention, on fait passer l'eau à travers un milieu granulaire en lit fluidisé, sans colmatage préalable du milieu granulaire en lit fixe, et l'on récupère en aval dudit lit des agrégats floculés que l'on soumet à une décantation ou à toute autre séparation liquide-solide pour obtenir un effluent partiellement libéré de sa pollution.

PRODUCTION OF PULVERULENT CATALYST CARRIERS OR CATALYSTS FOR REACTIONS IN A FLOW BED IN LIQUID PHASE

Production of pulverulent catalyst carriers or catalysts for effecting reactions in a flow bed in liquid phase. The catalyst carriers or catalysts are made by classifying them in a medium flowing upwardly, whereby they are freed from inhomogeneous particles contained therein.

LIQUID-SOLID PARTICLE OR LIQUID-GAS-SOLID PARTICLE CONTACTING METHOD

PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN HETEROGENEOUS FLUID SYSTEMS

A process for carrying out reactions and mass transfer processes in heterogeneous fluid systems, particularly solid-liquid systems and solid-liquid-gas systems. The process comprises the utilization of a reactor with agitator vessel characteristic as first stage and of a reactor having a smaller volume with tube characteristic as second stage. The two reactors are in communication with each other on the basis of a communicating hydraulic system in the region of their upper and lower ends by pipelines, or the like.

CATALYST INJECTION FOR ZIEGLER POLYMERIZATION

PROCESS FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING DILUENT FROM POLYMER SOLIDS

Polymer solids are maintained in an intermediate pressure zone for a desired polymer solids residence time and then transferred to a purge zone or other lower pressure zone. An increase in the polymer solids residence time in the intermediate pressure zone allows more diluent to flash or separate, thereby avoiding or reducing the need for a low pressure flash zone. A fluff chamber may be disposed between the intermediate pressure zone and a lower pressure zone. transporter tank may be used to transport polymer solids after the intermediate pressure zone.

CONTINUOUS REACTION/SEPARATION METHOD FOR NUCLEATED GROWTH REACTIONS

DOWNFLOW BIOREACTOR

SEPARATION OF SOLIDS BY VARYING THE BULK DENSITY OF A FLUID SEPARATING MEDIUM

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION AND SIZE REDUCTION OF SOLID PARTICLES

A combined process for the conversion of solid starting particles into solid intermediate particles and reducing the median diameter of the intermediate particles to obtain product particles. This process involves flowing a suspension of starting particles through a series of at least two conversion vessels, thereby converting at least part of the starting particles into intermediate particles, adding a supercritical fluid to one or more of the conversion vessels, thereby forming a supercritical suspension, and releasing pressure from the supercritical suspension, thereby expanding the suspension and converting the intermediate particles into product particles.

METHOD OF SEPARATING CATION AND ANION EXCHANGE RESINS

FLUIDIZED BED APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REMOVING SOLUBLE AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM A LIQUID

METHOD OF MAKING ALKYLENE GLYCOLS

Methods and systems for preparing alkylene glycols are described herein. The methods and systems incorporate the novel use of a high shear device to promote dispersion and solubility of alkylene oxides with water. The high sh ear device may allow for lower reaction temperatures and pressures and may a lso reduce reaction time.

DEVICE WITH SEVERAL REACTION CHAMBERS FOR IMPLEMENTING LIQUID/SOLID OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS IN A FLUIDIZED BED

The invention relates to a device (10) for implementing liquid/solid oxidation-reduction reactions in a fluidized bed, comprising a reactor body (1) extending along a longitudinal axis (2), a means (5) for feeding in a solution to be processed via a first end of the reactor body (1) along the longitudinal axis (2), a means (4) for feeding in a reactive metal via a second end of the reactor body (1) opposite the first end along the longitudinal axis (2), a means for agitating the solution in the reactor body (1), and a finishing compartment (7) mounted at the second end of the reactor body and connected to a means (6) for discharging the processed solution. The reactor body (1) comprises two separate reaction chambers (8, 9), each reaction chamber having a constant cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (2), wherein the cross-sections of the two reaction chambers (8, 9) are different and increase from the first end to the second end.

DEVICE WITH SEVERAL REACTION CHAMBERS FOR IMPLEMENTING LIQUID/SOLID OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS IN A FLUIDIZED BED

Le dispositif (10) de mise en uvre de réactions liquides/solides d'oxydo- réduction en lit fluidisé comporte un corps de réacteur (1 ) s'étendant le long d'un axe longitudinal (2), des moyens (5) d'injection d'une solution à traiter via une première extrémité du corps de réacteur (1 ) selon l'axe longitudinal (2), des moyens (4) d'introduction d'un métal réactif via une seconde extrémité du corps de réacteur (1 ) opposée à la première extrémité selon l'axe longitudinal (2), des moyens d'agitation de la solution dans le corps du réacteur (1 ), un compartiment de finition (7) monté à la seconde extrémité du corps du réacteur et relié à des moyens (6) d'évacuation de la solution traitée. Le corps de réacteur (1 ) comporte deux chambres de réaction (8, 9) distinctes, chaque chambre de réaction ayant, perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal (2), une section constante, les dites sections des deux chambres de réaction (8, 9) étant différentes et croissantes de la première extrémité à la seconde ...

PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT CONVERSIONS WITH CATALYSTS SUSPENDED IN LIQUIDS, AND REACTOR FOR THIS PURPOSE

Catalytic reactions are carried out in a reactor which contains a liquid phase in which at least one catalyst is suspended, and which may additionally contain a gas phase, by a process in which the liquid phase and , if present, also the gas phase are fed, at least partly, through an apparatu s having orifices or channels in the reactor, the hydraulic diameter of which orifices or channels is from 0.5 to 20 mm, preferably from 1 to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 1 to 3 mm.

COATED SINGLE PARTICLES AND THEIR USE IN FLUID BED CHROMATOGRAPHY

A fluidized bed chromatographic process for purification and binding of molecules in a liquid by binding the molecules to an active substance covalently bound to chromatographic adsorbent particles in which process a fluidized bed of the adsorbent particles is formed and the liquid is passed through the fluidized bed, the improvement wherein the chromatographic adsorbent particles comprise a porous composite material having pores allowing access to the interior of the composite material by the molecules, and the porous composite material of each absorbent particle consists of a single density controlling particle which is either (a) a hollow low density particle which is impermeable to the liquid and has a density providing floatation of the adsorbent particle in the liquid or, (b) a high density particle having a density providing sedimentation of the adsorbent particle in the liquid, a matrix formed by consolidating at least one conglomerating agent selected from the group consisting ...

Procédé pour la fabrication de produits synthétiques liquides ou gazeux à partir de constituants gazeux.

Dispositif pour le traitement continu de matières solides à l'aide de fluides.

Procédé et appareil pour l'obtention d'un contact continu à contre-courant entre des particules solides et un liquide

Appareil servant à l'exécution en continu de réactions catalytiques en phase liquide

Procédé de fermentation et fermenteur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Procédé et appareils de régénération en continu de résines échangeuses d'ions en lit fluide

Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Propylen

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Aufschlämmung

Installation de traitement de liquide par échangeurs d'ions

Procédé de traitement d'un liquide par échangeurs d'ions

Procédé pour assurer un contact intime entre une phase liquide et une phase solide et application de ce procédé à la réalisation dans un même réacteur de réactions séquentielles entre lesdites phases

VERFAHREN ZUM KATALYTISCHEN KRACKEN VON GASOELEN.

Procédé et appareil pour la production en continu d'alcoxyalcoolates de calcium

Vorrichtung zum Reinigen oder Behandeln von körnigem Material

Procédé et appareil pour le traitement d'un solide par un liquide

Procédé et appareillage pour l'exécution de réactions chimiques en milieu hétérogène

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING A FLUIDISED BED IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS.

Process for charging a reactor with solid particles, and appliance for carrying out the process

System and process for production of polyvinyl chloride

A system configured to produce polyvinyl chloride that includes a high shear mixing device comprising at least one rotor/stator set and configured to produce a polymerization mixture by high shear mixing a vinyl chloride solution with an initiator solution, wherein the polymerization mixture comprises an emulsion of droplets; a pump in fluid communication with an inlet of said high shear mixing device; and a vessel in fluid communication with an outlet of said high shear mixing device and configured for to maintain a predetermined pressure and temperature on the polymerization mixture, wherein the vessel comprises an outlet for a product comprising polyvinyl chloride and unconverted vinyl chloride and a vent gas outlet for at least one gas selected from the group consisting of gaseous vinyl chloride, volatile reaction products, and combinations thereof.

Biomass and waste plastics depolymerization machine and methods via supercritical water

A method for transforming a selected polymeric material into a plurality of reaction products via supercritical water is disclosed. The method comprises: conveying the selected polymeric material through an extruder, wherein the extruder is configured to continuously convey the selected polymeric material to a supercritical fluid reaction zone; injecting hot compressed water into the supercritical fluid reaction zone, while the extruder is conveying the selected polymeric material into the supercritical fluid reaction zone so as to yield a mixture; retaining the mixture within the reaction zone for a period of time sufficient to yield the plurality of reaction products. The reaction zone may be characterized by a tubular reactor having an adjustably positionable inner tubular spear, wherein the tubular reactor and the inner tubular spear further define an annular space within the reaction zone, and wherein the mixture flows through the annular space and into a reaction products chamber.

Reactor, toner production method, and toner

A reactor, which heats a slurry raw material including a solid component, including a reaction tube, wherein the slurry raw material is continuously fed from an end of the reaction tube relative to the central axial direction of the reaction tube so as to be flown toward another end of the reaction tube to be heated; and plural perforated plates arranged in the reaction tube so as to separate the inside of the reaction tube into plural compartments. The reactor satisfies the relations (½)·D′≦D<D′, and 0.2≦S/D′≦5.0, wherein D represents the diameter of each of the perforated plates, D′ represents the inner diameter of the reaction tube, and S represents the interval between any two adjacent perforated plates in the central axial direction of the reaction tube.

Fcc reactor and riser design for short contact-time catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons

The present invention is an improved design and operation of a short contact time Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Reactor wherein the upper internal riser and a lower internal riser are in fluid connection with one another and provide an improved disengaging zone for entraining the vapors from the dilute phase area of the FCC reactor. Detailed preferred embodiments include improvements over the prior art to the internal central riser, riser termination apparatus, cyclone separators, and a coke mitigation baffle system, as well as associated improved fluid catalytic cracking processes utilizing the novel reactor design.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION PLANT

A method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, the method including: (a) bringing a feedstock oil such as an LCO into contact with an aromatic production catalyst to obtain a reaction product containing aromatic hydrocarbons, (b) separating the reaction product into a tower top fraction and a tower bottom fraction using a distillation tower, (c) separating the tower top fraction into a crude aromatic fraction containing an LPG fraction, and an off-gas containing hydrogen, (d) separating the crude aromatic fraction containing an LPG fraction into an LPG fraction and a crude aromatic fraction, (e) separating the off-gas containing hydrogen into hydrogen and an off-gas, and (f) using the hydrogen obtained in step (e) to hydrotreat the crude aromatic fraction, thereby obtaining an aromatic fraction. 1. A method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons , the method comprising:(a) bringing one or more feedstock oils selected from the group consisting of light cycle oil obtained from a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus, hydrotreated light cycle oil, and naphtha and straight-run gas oil obtained from a crude oil distillation apparatus into contact with an aromatic production catalyst to obtain a reaction product containing aromatic hydrocarbons,(b) separating the reaction product into a tower top fraction and a tower bottom fraction using a distillation tower,(c) separating the tower top fraction into a crude aromatic fraction comprising an LPG fraction, and an off-gas containing hydrogen,(d) separating the crude aromatic fraction containing an LPG fraction into an LPG fraction and a crude aromatic fraction,(e) separating the off-gas containing hydrogen into hydrogen and an off-gas, and(f) using the hydrogen obtained in the step (e) to hydrotreat the crude aromatic fraction, thereby obtaining an aromatic fraction.2. The method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , whereinin the step (a), while the feedstock oil is brought into contact with the aromatic ...

SLURRY BED HYDROPROCESSING AND SYSTEM USING FEEDSTOCK CONTAINING DISSOLVED HYDROGEN

A system and process for conversion of heavy feedstocks in a slurry bed hydroprocessing reactor is provided in which (a) hydrogen gas is dissolved in the liquid feedstock by mixing and/or diffusion, (b) the mixture is flashed to remove and recover any light components and hydrogen, leaving a hydrogen-enriched feedstock. A homogenous and/or heterogeneous catalyst is added to the feedstock upstream of the inlet of the slurry bed hydroprocessing reactor. 1. A process for converting a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds in a slurry bed reactor , the process comprising:a. mixing the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and an excess of hydrogen gas in a mixing zone under predetermined conditions of temperature and hydrogen partial pressure to dissolve a portion of the hydrogen gas in the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a mixture of hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and undissolved hydrogen gas;b. introducing the mixture produced in step (a) into a flashing zone under predetermined conditions to separate undissolved hydrogen gas and light hydrocarbon components and recovering a hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon feedstock;c. introducing the hydrogen-enriched liquid hydrocarbon feedstock into a reaction zone containing at least one slurry bed reactor with at least one catalyst or catalyst precursor and reacting the feedstock to convert at least a portion of the feedstock into lower boiling point hydrocarbons; andd. recovering converted hydrocarbon products from the slurry bed reactor.2. The process of in which at least a portion of unconverted liquid feedstock is recovered from the slurry bed reactor and is recycled to form a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.3. The process of in which the at least one catalyst is selected from a liquid homogeneous catalyst precursor and a small particulate heterogeneous catalyst4. The process of in which fresh catalyst is added to the unconverted feedstock upstream of one ...

Mixing tee assembly and process

A mixing tee assembly suitable for phosphate acid attack reaction is described. The mixing tee assembly comprises an outer pipe having a mixing end and a tee end, wherein a tee structure is formed near the tee end to connect with additional piping; an inner pipe comprising a nozzle end connected to a nozzle and a open end; wherein the inner pipe is lined with a corrosion-resistant material on its inside surface; wherein when the inner pipe is assembled within the outer pipe, the nozzle extends beyond the mixing end of the outer pipe by at least ⅓ of the inside diameter of the outer pipe.

Methods for Supplying Solid Catalysts to a Solution Polymerization Reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

System for generating h2s in an alkaline medium and method of using the same

Method of producing hydrogen sulfide in an alkaline environment. A mixture having a sodium salt, elemental sulfur (S) and water is added to a reactor for the purpose of generating hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) gas as the main product and sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) as a byproduct.

Purified Silicon, Devices and Systems for Producing Same

The present disclosure provides devices and systems that utilize concurrent and countercurrent exchange platforms to produce purified silicon. 1. A device for purifying silicon comprising:a vessel having a top end, an opposing bottom end, and a sidewall extending between the opposing ends and defining a chamber;a silicon inlet at a top portion of the vessel for introducing molten silicon into the chamber;a gas injection structure at a bottom portion of the vessel, the gas injection structure having a plurality of orifices for introducing a gas comprising oxygen into the chamber in the form of bubbles, where introduction of the gas bubbles into the molten silicon oxidizes silicon at the outside of the bubbles and produces a plurality of in situ silica-walled gas filled beads in the chamber;a countercurrent exchange section located between the silicon inlet and the gas injection structure, the countercurrent exchange section comprising(1) a controlled downward flow of the molten silicon;(2) a controlled upward flow of the beads;wherein the countercurrent flow between the molten silicon and the silica-walled gas filled beads provides intimate high area contact between the down-flowing molten silicon and the up-flowing beads that enables impurities present in the molten silicon to transfer into the up-flowing silica walled gas filled beads so that the down-flowing molten silicon is purified.2. The device of wherein the transfer of impurities to the silica-walled gas filled beads convert the relatively pure bead silica walls initially formed by bubbling to less pure bead silica walls claim 1 , so that the plurality of up-flowing gas filled beads carry impurities upward as the molten silicon flows downward.3. The device of wherein the countercurrent exchange section has a volume and the volume comprises a packed bed the of beads and interstitial molten silicon.4. The device of wherein the countercurrent exchange section comprises from 20 vol % to 35 vol % molten silicon ...

COLD REGENERATED CATALYST CIRCULATION METHOD AND DEVICE THEREFOR

The present invention provides a method of cooling and cycling a regenerated catalyst. The regenerated catalyst that is from the regenerator is cooled by the catalyst cooler to 200-720° C., and without being mixed with the hot regenerated catalyst directly enters a riser reactor, or mixes with another part of hot regenerated catalyst that has not been cooled to obtain a mixed regenerated catalyst with a temperature below the regenerator temperature, and enters the riser reactor. The hydrocarbon raw material performs the contact reaction with the catalyst in the riser reactor, a reactant stream enters a settler to perform a separation of the catalyst and an oil gas, the separated spent catalyst is steam stripped by a steam stripping section and enters a regenerator to be charring regenerated, and the regenerated catalyst after being cooled returns to the riser reactor to be circularly used. The bottom of each of the catalyst coolers is provided with at least one fluidized medium distributor, the range of the superficial gas velocity is 0-0.7 m/s (preferably 0.005-0.3 m/s, and most preferably 0.01-0.15 m/s), and the temperature of the cold regenerated catalyst is controlled mainly by adjusting a flow rate of the fluidized medium. The method of cooling and cycling a regenerated catalyst of the present invention has extensive application, and can be used for various fluidized catalytic cracking processes, including heavy oil catalytic cracking, wax oil catalytic cracking, gasoline catalytic conversion reforming and the like, and can also be used for other gas-solid reaction processes, including residual oil pretreating, methanol to olefin, methanol to aromatics, methanol to propylene, fluid coking, flexicoking and the like. 1. A cycling method of cold regenerated catalyst , comprising a fluidized catalytic cracking process , wherein: a hydrocarbon raw material performs a contact reaction with a catalyst in a riser reactor having or not having a fluidized bed reactor , a ...

METHOD OF ENHANCING HYDRATION OF VISCOSIFIERS USING CONTROLLED MECHANICALLY INDUCED CAVITATION

A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone. 1. A method of enhancing hydration of a powdered viscosifier comprising the steps of:(a) introducing a viscosifier containing non-hydrated powdered particles into a flow of a solvent or hydrating fluid to produce a mixture;(b) feeding the mixture into a controlled cavitation reactor, wherein the mixture flows from sides of a rotor of the controlled cavitation reactor through a cavitation zone defined between an outer peripheral surface of the rotor and a wall of a housing of the controlled cavitation reactor, and into the rotor through a plurality of bores formed in the rotor(c) as the rotor of the controlled cavitation reactor is rotated, generating cavitation events within the mixture in a low shear environment within the controlled cavitation reactor;(d) controlling a rotor rotation rate as the mixture flows through the cavitation zone to control the cavitation events for generating shock waves that result in cavitation induced pressure variations that propagate through the mixture as the mixture flows through the cavitation zone to substantially separate and disperse the non-hydrated powdered particles of the viscosifier within the mixture and increase surface area contact between the solvent or hydrating fluid and the non-hydrated powdered particles of the viscosifier;(e) as a result of step (d), forcing solvent molecules into and out of the powder particles to ...

High severity fluidized catalytic cracking systems and processes for producing olefins from petroleum feeds

Systems and processes are disclosed for producing petrochemical products, such as ethylene, propene and other olefins from crude oil in high severity fluid catalytic cracking (HSFCC) units. Processes include separating a crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, cracking the light fraction and heavy fraction in separation cracking reaction zones, and regenerating the cracking catalysts in a two-zone regenerator having a first regeneration zone for the first catalyst (heavy fraction) and a second regeneration zone for the second catalyst (light fraction) separate from the first regeneration zone. Flue gas from the first catalyst regeneration zone is passed to the second regeneration zone to provide additional heat to raise the temperature of the second catalyst of the light fraction side. The disclosed systems and processes enable different catalysts and operating conditions to be utilized for the light fraction and the heavy fraction of a crude oil feed.

Methods for Supplying Solid Catalysts to a Solution Polymerization Reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor. 1. A process comprising:passing a homogeneous single-site catalyst to a solution polymerization reactor in the form of a suspension in an aliphatic hydrocarbon, oil, or wax;contacting the catalyst with one or more α-olefin monomers; andrecovering a polyolefin;wherein the concentration of the homogeneous single-site catalyst is greater than 0.8 mmole/liter if suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and greater than 0.2 mmole/liter if suspended in an oil or a wax.2. A polymerization process comprising:passing a homogeneous single-site catalyst into a catalyst feed line of a solution phase polymerization reactor wherein the catalyst is suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or an oil or a wax; andcontacting the homogeneous single-site catalyst and one or more α-olefin monomers;recovering a polyolefin;wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst in the catalyst feed line is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and greater than 0.2 mmole/liter when suspended in the oil or wax.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein a carrier solvent or gas is passed into the catalyst feed line.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing an activator into the reactor claim 1 , wherein the activator is also suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent claim 1 , or an ...

CHEMICAL REACTION METHOD USING CHEMICAL REACTION APPARATUS

A chemical reaction method includes preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including a horizontal flow reactor partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates. A liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space provided thereabove. a microwave generator and a waveguide that transmits microwaves to the unfilled space are also included. The reactor is inclined such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side. The content is flowed over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor. The content flowing inside the reactor is irradiated with microwaves. The inclination angle of the reactor is changed in each of the chambers so that a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side. 1. A chemical reaction method comprising: a horizontal flow reactor inside of which has been partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove,', 'a microwave generator that generates microwaves, and', 'at least one waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor,', 'wherein one or more weirs that are flow paths of the content are formed in an upper portion of each of the partition plates;, 'preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including'}inclining the reactor such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side;flowing the content over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor;irradiating the content flowing inside the reactor with microwaves; andchanging an inclination angle of the reactor within a range in which, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher ...

CLASSIFIER

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a classifier () for classification of particles according to their size and/or weight. Classifiers () disclosed herein may include a mixing chamber (), and a separation chamber (), where the separation chamber may be separable into parts. Classifiers () disclosed herein may include a fluidizing chamber (). The separation chamber () may include a de-aeration chamber () and a launder (). 1. A classifier comprising:a mixing chamber for locating a slurry; anda separation chamber in fluid communication with the mixing chamber to separate solids from the slurry;wherein the separation chamber has a first portion and a second portion;wherein each of the first portion and the second portion contain a series of plate arrays;wherein the plate arrays of each portion are inclined in opposed directions; andwherein the separation chamber is separable into the first portion and the second portion.2. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein the classifier further comprises a fluidizing chamber connected to the mixing chamber.3. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein at least the mixing chamber and separation chamber are separably mounted.4. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein the separation chamber comprises at least one de-aeration chamber and at least one launder.5. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein at least the separation chamber is separable into a plurality of parts.6. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein each of the first portion and the second portion contain at least one de-aeration chamber.7. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein each of the first portion and second portion contain at least one launder.8. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein the separation chamber further comprises an outlet.9. The classifier of claim 1 , wherein the separation chamber further comprises an inlet.10. The classifier of claim 8 , wherein the outlet is located between the plate arrays of each portion.11. The classifier of claim 9 , wherein the inlet is located between ...

LOW-TEMPERATURE METHOD AND SYSTEM OF MANUFACTURING SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE

A low-temperature graphite manufacturing method and a system thereof are disclosed. A graphite cast iron smelting manufacturing technique is used for melting a cast iron, for forming a cast iron melt. A graphitizing agent, a nucleating agent, and a spheroidizing agent are continuously added into the cast iron melt, for making the carbon powder be graphitized and spheroidized. Within the cast iron melt, the amounts of the carbon, the graphitizing agent, the nucleating agent, and the spheroidized agent are adjusted for making the spheroidal graphite be able to continuously float out of the cast iron melt. After that, by using gas blowing and electrostatic dust removal, the powdered graphite can be collected. At last, the gases are recycled and the collected powdered graphite is purified by acid pickling. 1. A low-temperature manufacturing method of a spheroidal graphite , comprising:using a graphite cast iron smelting manufacturing technique for melting a cast iron, to form a cast iron melt, and continuously adding a carbon powder into the cast iron molten bath;continuously adding a graphitizing agent, a nucleating agent, and a spheroidizing agent into the cast iron melt, wherein the graphitizing agent can make the carbon powder be graphitized, the nucleating agent is for increasing a degree of crystallization of a graphite polymer, and the spheroidizing agent is for spheroidizing the graphite powder;increasing an amount of carbon in the cast iron melt, and adjusting amounts of the graphitizing agent, the nucleating agent, and the spheroidizing agent, for making the spheroidal graphite continuously float out of the cast iron melt;collecting powdered graphite by blowing gases and electrostatic dust removal; andrecycling the gases, and purifying the acquired powdered graphite by acid pickling.2. The low-temperature manufacturing method of the spheroidal graphite according to claim 1 , wherein the graphite cast iron smelting manufacturing technique is for melting the ...

Polymerization Using a Spiral Heat Exchanger

This invention relates to a polymerization process for forming polymer comprising: contacting (typically in a solution or slurry phase), a monomer and a catalyst system in a reaction zone comprising at least one spiral heat exchanger and recovering polymer, wherein the monomer, the catalyst system and the polymer flow through the at least one spiral heat exchanger in a cross-flow direction relative to spirals of the at least one spiral heat exchanger.

Fcc co-processing of biomass oil

Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of biomass oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system that include recovering an additional source of H 2 or synthesis gas from the overhead product gas stream. The additional H 2 can be used to partially hydrogenate biomass oil prior to co-processing the biomass oil in the fluid catalytic cracking system. Additionally or alternately, the additional synthesis gas can represent an additional yield of products from the process, such as an additional yield that can be used for synthesis of further liquid products.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION DEVICES USING FORMIC ACID

The present disclosure relates generally to portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power. In particular, an electricity generation device for powering a battery comprising a formic acid reservoir containing a liquid consisting of formic acid; a reaction chamber capable of using a catalyst and heat to convert the formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a fuel cell that generates electricity; a delivery system for moving converted hydrogen into the fuel cell; and a battery powered by electricity generated by the fuel cell is provided. 1. An electricity generation device for powering a battery , comprising:(a) a formic acid reservoir containing a liquid consisting of formic acid;(b) a reaction chamber capable of using a catalyst and heat to convert the formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide;(c) a fuel cell that generates electricity;(d) a delivery system for moving converted hydrogen into the fuel cell; and(e) a battery powered by electricity generated by the fuel cell.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a power converter for converting electricity generated via operation of the fuel cell to an appropriate current for delivery to the battery.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber comprises a heating reaction chamber.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber further comprises a heat insulator.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber further comprises an exhaust gas react furnace.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber further comprises a stir system.7. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a heat pipe for delivering heat from the fuel cell to the reaction chamber claim 1 , to the formic acid reservoir claim 1 , or both the reaction chamber and the formic acid reservoir.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the delivery system for moving ...

Method and apparatus for manufacturing graphite oxide

There is provided a method and an apparatus for preparing graphite oxide, in accordance with the present disclosure, when an oxidizer is added by stages into a sequencing batch oxidizer mixer connected in multiple stages at a constantly low temperature, the oxidizer is mixed therein while suppressing an oxidation reaction. During an oxidation reaction of graphite, in a risky range of overheating and explosion, a tube type reactor equipped within a heat exchanger is used to accurately control a local temperature and the oxidizer can permeate between layers of the graphite with increased efficiency under ultrasonication. In an additional reaction range out of the risky range, a continuous stirred tank reactor is used to mature the oxidation reaction, so that a risk of explosion during manufacturing of graphite oxide can be reduced and a great amount of graphite oxide can be mass-produced economically.

Use of Turbidimeter for Measurement of Solid Catalyst System Component in a Reactor Feed

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream. 1. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system , comprising:(a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system; and(b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream comprises using a calibration curve with known solid component concentration values as a function of measured turbidity.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream further comprises subtracting a background signal from the measured turbidity of the reactor feed stream.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream comprises passing at least a portion of the feed stream through a turbidimeter claim ...

DEVICE WITH SEVERAL REACTION CHAMBERS FOR IMPLEMENTING LIQUID/SOLID OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS IN A FLUIDIZED BED

Disclosed is a device for carrying out liquid/solid oxidation-reduction reactions in a fluidized bed including a reactor body extending along a longitudinal axis, means for injecting a solution to be processed via a first end of the reactor body along the longitudinal axis, means for performing feeding of a reactive metal via a second end of the reactor body opposite the first end along the longitudinal axis, means for stirring the solution in the reactor body, and a finishing compartment mounted at the second end of the reactor body and connected to means for expelling the processed solution. The reactor body includes two distinct reaction chambers, each reaction chamber having a constant cross-section perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, said cross-sections of the two reaction chambers being different and increasing from the first end to the second end. 19-. (canceled)11. The device according to claim 10 , wherein the outlet duct is connected to an additional reactor provided with a mechanical stirrer system claim 10 , the additional reactor being configured to carry out the expelled processed solution.12. The device according to claim 11 , wherein the mechanical stirrer system is configured to perform circular stirring and/or vertical stirring.13. The device according to claim 10 , wherein the stirrer system comprises ultrasonic transducers arranged at the periphery of an associated reaction chamber.14. The device according to claim 10 , wherein the feed hopper comprises a management system of the input quantity of said reactive metal.15. The device according to comprising a liquid/solid separation element provided with a filter of the processed solution arranged down-line from the outlet duct claim 10 , and an injecting element of a neutral liquid into the filter with an opposite direction of flow to that of the solution to be filtered.16. A system for carrying out liquid/solid redox reactions in a fluidized bed comprising two devices according to .17. The ...

Continuous reaction apparatus and apparatus for producing a toner

Provided is a continuous reaction apparatus which can precisely control the path of flow of the liquid reaction mixture in the reaction vessel. Further, provided is a continuous reaction apparatus which can efficiently mix the liquid reaction mixture in the reaction vessel. The continuous reaction apparatus comprises a plurality of mixing vessel units and a plurality of partition units. These units are connected in the state of being alternately stacked on one another. Each mixing vessel unit has an agitating blade disposed in the inner space thereof. The relationship between the inner diameter D 1 of the mixing vessel unit, the height H of the mixing vessel unit, and the outer diameter d 1 of the agitating blade satisfies the formula (1): 10≧(D 1/ H)≧1.5, and the formula (2): 0.99≧(d 1/ D 1 )≧0.7. The agitating blade is a circular disc-type agitating blade.

CATALYST REGENERATOR

A catalyst regenerator according to an embodiment of the present invention, as a catalyst regenerator that regenerates a coked catalyst separated from a product produced in an endothermic catalytic reaction of a fluidized bed reactor, includes: a reaction chamber that includes a regeneration space, receives the coked catalyst from a standpipe connected to the regeneration space, and discharges a regenerated catalyst to an outlet; a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject a fuel for combustion into the regeneration space; and a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject an air for combustion into the regeneration space, wherein the fuel injected from the fuel supplier is a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 1. A catalyst regenerator for regenerating a coked catalyst separated from a product produced in an endothermic catalytic reaction of a fluidized bed reactor , comprising:a reaction chamber including a regeneration space, the reaction chamber configured to receive the coked catalyst from a standpipe connected to the regeneration space, and discharge a regenerated catalyst to an outlet;a fuel supplier connected to the reaction chamber to inject a fuel for combustion into the regeneration space; andan air supplier connected to the reaction chamber to inject air for combustion into the regeneration space,wherein the fuel injected from the fuel supplier is a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.2. The catalyst regenerator of claim 1 , whereinthe air supplier includes an air distribution ring supplied with the air and an air nozzle formed in the air distribution ring, andthe fuel supplier includes a fuel distribution ring supplied with the fuel and disposed to be adjacent to the air distribution ring and a fuel injection port formed in the fuel distribution ring.3. The catalyst regenerator of claim 2 , whereinthe outlet is installed at a predetermined height from a bottom of the ...

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR GENERATING A POLYOL FROM BIOMASS USING MULTIPLE REACTION ZONES AND CATALYSTS

Methods and apparatuses for catalytically generating a polyol from biomass are provided. An exemplary method includes the steps of: contacting a feed stream comprising biomass to acid conditions in a first reaction zone, wherein the acid conditions in the first reaction zone are sufficient to hydrolyze a saccharide from the biomass to generate glucose; directing at least a first portion of a first effluent from the first reaction zone to a second reaction zone; and contacting the at least first portion of the first effluent with a first saccharide-to-polyol catalyst system under conditions suitable for catalytic conversion of saccharide to polyol. 1. A method of catalytically generating a polyol from biomass , the method comprising the steps of:pretreating a feed stream comprising biomass and polymeric lignin to reduce the amount of polymeric lignin in the feed stream;contacting the pretreated feed stream to acid conditions in a first reaction zone, wherein the acid conditions in the first reaction zone are sufficient to hydrolyze a saccharide from the biomass to generate glucose and comprise an acidic aqueous environment having a pH from about 2.0 to about 6.5, a temperature of about 20° C. to about 350° C. and a pressure of about 15 psig to about 2500 psig;directing at least a first portion of a first effluent from the first reaction zone to a second reaction zone wherein the composition of the first portion may be the same as the first effluent or a subset thereof; andcontacting the at least first portion of the first effluent with a first saccharide-to-polyol catalyst system under conditions suitable for catalytic conversion of saccharide to polyol.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the at least first portion of the first effluent with the first saccharide-to-polyol catalyst system comprises contacting the at least first portion of the first effluent with the first saccharide-to-polyol catalyst system in the presence of hydrogen.3. The method of claim ...

Method of Enhancing Hydration of Viscosifiers Using Controlled Mechanically Induced Cavitation

A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone. 118.-. (canceled)19. A method of enhancing hydration of a non-hydrated viscosifier containing particles , the method comprising the steps of:(a) obtaining a non-hydrated viscosifier to be hydrated;(b) obtaining a solvent to be used to hydrate the non-hydrated viscosifier;(c) combining the non-hydrated viscosifier and the solvent to produce a mixture;(d) generating cavitation events within the mixture resulting in shock waves and pressure variations that propagate through the mixture;(e) controlling one or more of a dwell time of the exposure of particles to the shock waves and pressure variations, an energy input, a rotor rotation rate, a temperature, a concentration of the mixture, or a particulate grind size to maximize straightening, separation, and untangling of polymer chains of the non-hydrated viscosifier particles without causing covalent bond breakage or polymer chain scission;(f) as a result of steps (d) and (e), separating the particles in the viscosifier allowing the solvent to surround the particles;(g) as a result of steps (d) and (e), forcing solvent molecules into and out of particles to untangle, straighten, and hydrate viscosifier molecule chains contained within the particles;(h) distributing the untangled, straightened, and hydrated molecule chains substantially evenly throughout the mixture; and(i) collecting the resulting mixture.20. The method of ...

Storing And Transporting Energy

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location. 1. (canceled)2. A hydrogen storage slurry comprising an inert liquid and a hydride , wherein the hydride comprises reversible hydride formers having a non-hydrided state and a hydrided state , and wherein the reversible hydride formers have a particle size from about 1 micron to about 50 microns.3. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein in the non-hydrided state claim 2 , the reversible hydride formers comprise a metal or a metal alloy.4. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein in the non-hydrided state claim 2 , the reversible hydride formers are magnesium metal.5. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein in the hydrided state claim 2 , the reversible hydride formers are metal hydrides.6. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein the hydride is made solely of magnesium hydride.7. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein the inert liquid comprises mineral oil.8. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogen storage slurry further comprises magnesium claim 2 , mineral oil claim 2 , and a dispersant.9. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 8 , wherein the dispersant comprises a triglyceride claim 8 , a polymeric dispersant claim 8 , or a combination thereof.10. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein the reversible hydride former is in powder form claim 2 , and wherein the powder further comprises mineral oil and a dispersant.11. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 10 , wherein the powder has been milled.12. The hydrogen storage slurry of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogen storage slurry is not subject to significant hydrogen evolution at room temperature and pressure when the reversible hydride formers are in a hydrided state.13. The ...

Recovering a caustic solution via calcium carbonate crystal aggregates

Techniques for converting a portion of a carbonate to hydroxide include receiving an alkaline carbonate solution that includes between 0.1M (moles per liter of solution) to 4.0M hydroxide and between 0.1M to 4.1M carbonate; reacting, in a slaking process, quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 ); and reacting the Ca(OH) 2 slurry and the alkaline carbonate solution to grow calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) crystal aggregates of 0.0005 mm 3 to 5 mm 3 in volume in a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.

Purified Silicon, Devices and Systems for Producing Same

The present disclosure provides devices and systems that utilize concurrent and countercurrent exchange platforms to produce purified silicon. 1. A device for purifying silicon comprising:a vessel having a top end, an opposing bottom end, and a plurality of concentric columns, the columns in fluid communication with each other;a central column comprising a silicon inlet at a top portion of a first column for introducing molten silicon into a bed of a plurality of silica particles to form a slurry;a first channel in fluid communication with a bottom portion of the central column adapted for receiving glassy particles, which are less dense than molten silicon, by floatation thereby separating the impurity-laden glassy particles from the slurry, leaving the molten silicon, the impurity-laden glassy particles upwardly flowing in the first channel;a second channel in fluid communication with the first channel for receiving the molten silicon separated from the slurry, the silicon downwardly flowing in the second channel.2. The device of wherein the silica particles are fracking sand.3. The device of wherein the slurry comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of CaSOor NaSO claim 1 , NaO and HO.4. A device for purifying silicon comprising:a vessel having a top end, an opposing bottom end, and a sidewall extending between the opposing ends and defining a chamber;a silicon inlet at a top portion of the vessel for introducing silicon particles into the chamber, the silicon particles having a temperature greater than 1350° C.;an injection structure at a bottom portion of the vessel, the injection structure having at least one orifice for introducing a molten salt composition into the chamber, the molten salt composition having a temperature greater than 1350° C. and comprising an oxidizer dissolved in the molten salt,a countercurrent exchange section located between the silicon inlet and the injection structure, the countercurrent exchange section comprising(1 ...

Method for Monitoring the Level of an Ethylene Polymerization Catalyst Slurry

An apparatus may include a mud pot and a reflectometer to monitor a level of an interface between liquid diluent and catalyst slurry in the mud pot using reflectometry. The apparatus may include a mixing tank and a conduit to transfer catalyst slurry from the mud pot to the mixing tank. The apparatus may include a polymerization reactor and a conduit to provide catalyst slurry from the mixing tank to the polymerization reactor. 116-. (canceled)17. An apparatus comprising:a mud pot adapted to contain a catalyst slurry; anda reflectometer adapted to monitor a level of an interface between liquid diluent and catalyst slurry in the mud pot using reflectometry.18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the reflectometer is adapted to monitor the level of the interface between liquid diluent and catalyst slurry in the mud pot using Time Domain reflectometry.19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the reflectometer is adapted to monitor the level of the interface using radar based Time Domain reflectometry.20. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the reflectometer is adapted to monitor the level of the interface using Frequency Domain reflectometry.21. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the reflectometer is a reflex radar level gauge adapted to use Time Domain reflectometry.22. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the reflectometer is adapted to measure electromagnetic energy having a power of at most 2 Watt reflected from the interface.23. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the reflectometer is adapted to provide electromagnetic pulses of two nanoseconds.24. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the reflectometer comprisesa transmitter adapted to transmit a short rise time pulse of electromagnetic energy into the mud pot;a receiver adapted to receive a signal of reflected electromagnetic energy from solid catalyst particles in the mud pot; anda processing unit, wherein the receiver is adapted to send the signal to the processing unit, and wherein the processing unit is adapted ...

HIGH CONVERSION AND SELECTIVITY ODH PROCESS

Ethane may be catalytically oxidatively dehydrogenated to ethylene at high conversions and high selectivity in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor in the presence of oxygen in the feed in an amount above the flammability limit. The reactor has an attached regeneration reactor to regenerate the catalyst and cycle back to the CFB. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor comprises a riser and the regeneration reactor is a separate fluidized bed reactor claim 1 , said regeneration reactor being connected with said riser to flow oxidized catalyst back to said riser.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the top of said riser comprises a distributor system.4. The process according to claim 3 , further comprising passing one or more of low temperature steam and atomized water into said catalyst flow into said riser to cool the catalyst to control the heat balance of the of the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor.5. The process according to claim 3 , wherein there is a downcomer between said oxidative dehydrogenation reactor and said regeneration reactor to flow reduced catalyst from said oxidative dehydrogenation reactor to said regeneration reactor.6. The process according to claim 5 , further comprising passing low temperature steam counter current to the flow of oxygen depleted catalyst through said downcomer to strip entrained alkane feed and product.7. The process according to claim 6 , further comprising passing air or a mixture of air and nitrogen through the regeneration reactor in an amount to substantially extract the oxygen from the air or a mixture of air and nitrogen and generating a gas product stream comprising not less than 80-100% of nitrogen.8. The process according to claim 7 , further comprising recycling a portion of the oxygen reduced effluent stream from the regenerator reactor and optionally cooling it and recycling it to the regenerator reactor.9. The process according to claim 7 , further ...

PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTOR STATOR AND METHOD OF USE

An improved photocatalytic reactor stator having a first surface and an opposing second surface, and at least one channel extending between the first surface and the second surface to allow fluid flow through the stator. The at least one channel may be configured to redirect the fluid flow in a direction substantially parallel to the first and/or second surface. This improved photocatalytic reactor stator improves the performance of a photocatalytic reactor by increasing the mobility of the photocatalyst and thereby increasing the surface area of the catalyst that is exposed to the reactant and the UV light source. 1. A photocatalytic reactor stator , the stator comprising:a first surface and an opposing second surface, and at least one channel extending between the first surface and the second surface to allow fluid flow through the stator, wherein the at least one channel has a profile shaped to redirect the fluid flow in a direction substantially parallel to the first and/or second surface.2. (canceled)3. The stator as claimed in wherein the at least one channel has at least a partially curved shaped profile claim 1 , an inverted L-shaped profile claim 1 , an inverted J-shaped profile claim 1 , or an S-shaped profile.45-. (canceled)6. The stator as claimed in wherein the stator comprises a plurality of channels wherein an area between one channel and a neighbouring channel defines a section or sector of the stator surface and wherein the redirected fluid flow is configured to move claim 1 , lift and/or roll fluidised photocatalyst particles from one section or sector to a neighbouring section or sector in a sequential manner.79-. (canceled)10. The stator as claimed in wherein the hood is located at or around a channel outlet and extends from the first or second surface.11. (canceled)12. The stator as claimed in wherein the first and/or second surfaces comprise a plurality of hood structures and the area between one hood and a neighbouring hood defines a section ...

Synthesis of Methyl Carbamate and Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) in Presence of Stripping with Inert Gas or Superheated Vapours and a Reactor for the Same

The invention relates to synthesis of methyl carbamate (MC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in presence of stripping inert gas or superheated methanol vapors using packed column reactor and bubble column reactor. 1. A horizontal sectionalized bubble column reactor for synthesis of methyl carbamate and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) comprising:a. a cylindrical bubble column reactor with single or multiple compartments to receive liquid reactant feed comprising of urea and methanol or methyl carbamate and methanol through inlet ports for a reaction to occur;b. a gas distributor chamber located within the cylindrical bubble column reactor comprising a plate intersecting a cylinder of the cylindrical bubble column reactor with or without an angle to an axis of the cylinder;c. single or multiple inlet ports fitted to the gas distributor chamber for distributing gas;d. single or multiple inlet ports fitted with a constant pressure regulator, single or multiple gas/vapor outlet ports fitted with a back pressure regulator for gaseous phase, wherein, a pressure difference of 10 psi is maintained to ensure positive flow of inert gas into the cylindrical bubble column reactor;e. single or multiple liquid outlet ports with an in-line filter fitted to the cylindrical bubble column reactor for liquid phase withdrawal;f. a heat transfer device fitted to the cylindrical bubble column reactor for maintaining temperature of the reaction;g. a condenser and a gas-liquid separator fitted to the outlet port(s) wherein a product in vapor form is condensed and separated from liquid components;h. an outlet for condensate and an outlet for non-condensate connected to the gas-liquid separator.2. The horizontal sectionalized bubble column reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical bubble column reactor further comprises an expanded slurry bed of solid catalyst particles suspended in a suspension liquid or in a packed bed of solid catalyst.3. The horizontal sectionalized bubble column ...

Process for the polymerization of olefins

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of polypropylene in a reactor from propylene and optionally ethylene and/or at least one other oolefin monomer, wherein the reactor comprises a fluidized bed, an expanded section located at or near the top of the reactor, a distribution plate located at the lower part of the reactor and an inlet for a recycle stream located under the distribution plate, wherein the process comprises—feeding a polymerization catalyst to the fluidized bed in the area above the distribution plate—feeding the propylene and the optional at least one other oolefin monomer to the reactor—withdrawing the polypropylene from the reactor—circulating fluids from the top of the reactor to the bottom of the reactor, wherein the circulating fluids are compressed using a compressor and cooled using a heat exchanger, resulting in a cooled recycle stream comprising liquid, and wherein the cooled recycle stream is introduced into the reactor using the inlet for the recycle stream wherein an alkane chosen from the group of iso-butane, n-butane, cyclopropane and mixtures thereof is added to the reactor and wherein the molar composition of the components in the recycle stream is chosen such that the dew temperature of the recycle stream at the reactor pressure is at least 0.10° C. below the temperature of the reactor

HIGH SEVERITY FLUIDIZED CATALYTIC CRACKING SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING OLEFINS FROM PETROLEUM FEEDS

Systems and processes are disclosed for producing petrochemical products, such as ethylene, propene and other olefins from crude oil in high severity fluid catalytic cracking (HSFCC) units. Processes include separating a crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, cracking the light fraction and heavy fraction in separation cracking reaction zones, and regenerating the cracking catalysts in a two-zone regenerator having a first regeneration zone for the first catalyst (heavy fraction) and a second regeneration zone for the second catalyst (light fraction) separate from the first regeneration zone. Flue gas from the first catalyst regeneration zone is passed to the second regeneration zone to provide additional heat to raise the temperature of the second catalyst of the light fraction side. The disclosed systems and processes enable different catalysts and operating conditions to be utilized for the light fraction and the heavy fraction of a crude oil feed. 1. A process for producing petrochemical products from a hydrocarbon material , the process comprising:separating the hydrocarbon material into a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction;cracking at least a portion of the greater boiling point fraction in the presence of a first catalyst at a reaction temperature of from 500° C. to 700° C. to produce a first cracking reaction product and a spent first catalyst;cracking at least a portion of the lesser boiling point fraction in the presence of a second catalyst at a reaction temperature of from 500° C. to 700° C. to produce a second cracking reaction product and a spent second catalyst;separating at least a portion of the first cracking reaction product from the spent first catalyst;separating at least a portion of the second cracking reaction product from the spent second catalyst;regenerating at least a portion of the spent first catalyst to produce a regenerated first catalyst;maintaining the spent second catalyst separate ...

SYSTEM FOR GENERATING H2S IN AN ALKALINE MEDIUM AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

Method of producing hydrogen sulfide in an alkaline environment. A mixture having a sodium salt, elemental sulfur (S) and water is added to a reactor for the purpose of generating hydrogen sulfide (HS) gas as the main product and sodium sulfate (NaSO) as a byproduct. 1. A method for producing hydrogen sulfide (HS) gas , the method comprising:placing elemental sulfur and a sodium salt solution comprising a sodium salt in water in a reaction vessel;{'sub': 2', '2', '4, 'reacting the elemental sulfur with the sodium salt solution to form hydrogen sulfide (HS) and sodium sulfate (NaSO);'}{'sub': 2', '4, 'removing the formed NaSOfrom the reaction vessel;'}{'sub': 2', '4, 'crystallizing the NaSOusing a crystallizer;'}{'sub': 2', '4', '2, 'reducing the crystallized NaSOto produce NaS;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'forming a NaS solution with the produced NaS;'}{'sub': '2', 'placing elemental sulfur and the NaS solution in the reaction vessel; and'}{'sub': '2', 'reacting the elemental sulfur with the NaS solution to form hydrogen sulfide and sodium sulfate.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel is pressurized to a pressure ranging from about 500 psi to about 1500 psi and heated to a temperature ranging from about room temperature to about 400° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel is pressurized to a pressure ranging from about 500 psi to about 700 psi and heated to a temperature ranging from about 200° C. to about 300° C.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:pressuring the reaction vessel to a pressure of about 600 psi; orheating the reaction vessel to a temperature ranging from about 230° C. to about 240° C.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising agitating the elemental sulfur and the sodium salt solution in the reaction vessel.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crystallized NaSOis reduced to produce NaS by a carbothermal reduction system.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the formed hydrogen sulfide with an ...

PROCESS FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of a polyolefin in a reactor from one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene, wherein the reactor comprises a fluidized bed, an expanded section located at or near the top of the reactor, a distribution plate located at the lower part of the reactor and an inlet for a recycle stream located under the distribution plate wherein the process comprises—feeding a polymerization catalyst to the fluidized bed in the area above the distribution plate—feeding the one or more α-olefin monomers to the reactor—withdrawing the polyolefin from the reactor—circulating fluids from the top of the reactor to the bottom of the reactor, wherein the circulating fluids are compressed using a compressor and subsequently cooled using a heat exchanger to form a cooled recycle stream comprising liquid, and wherein the cooled recycle stream is introduced into the reactor using the inlet for the recycle stream wherein a part of the cooled recycle stream is drawn to form a liquid comprising stream, wherein the liquid comprising stream is introduced into the expanded section during at least part of the polymerization process, and wherein the liquid comprising stream is brought into contact with at least part of the interior surface of the expanded section. 1. A process for the continuous preparation of a polyolefin in a reactor from one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene ,wherein the reactor comprises a fluidized bed, an expanded section located at or near the top of the reactor, a distribution plate located at the lower part of the reactor and an inlet for a recycle stream located under the distribution plate; feeding a polymerization catalyst to the fluidized bed in the area above the distribution plate', 'feeding the one or more α-olefin monomers to the reactor', 'withdrawing the polyolefin from the reactor', 'circulating fluids from the top of the ...

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION APPARATUS, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD, SILICON FINE PARTICLES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SILICON FINE PARTICLES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

An exemplary hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention includes a grinding unit configured to grind a silicon chip or a silicon grinding scrap to form silicon fine particles , and a hydrogen generator configured to generate hydrogen by causing the silicon fine particles to contact with as well as disperse in, or to contact with or dispersed in water or an aqueous solution. The hydrogen production apparatus can achieve reliable production of a practically adequate amount of hydrogen from a start material of silicon chips or silicon grinding scraps that are ordinarily regarded as waste. The hydrogen production apparatus thus effectively utilizes the silicon chips or the silicon grinding scraps so as to contribute to environmental protection as well as to significant reduction in cost for production of hydrogen that is utilized as an energy source in the next generation.

Process and apparatus for distributing fluidizing gas to an fcc riser

A process and apparatus described is for distributing fluidizing gas to a riser. Fluidizing gas is delivered to a plenum below the riser. A first stream of fluidizing gas is distributed from the plenum into a chamber in a riser and a second stream of fluidizing gas is distributed from the plenum into the riser outside of the chamber. First nozzles in the plenum have a first outlet in the chamber and second nozzles in the plenum have a second outlet outside of the chamber. Streams of regenerated catalyst and carbonized catalyst may be passed to the riser and mixed around the chamber in a lower section of a riser.

Storing And Transporting Energy

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

Heat Transfer Baffle System and Uses Thereof

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided. 1. A heat transfer baffle comprising at least one distribution channel and at least one relief channel.222-. (canceled) This application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 61/240,029 filed Sep. 4, 2009.This disclosure relates to equipment utilized to manufacture chemical agents, particularly biopharmaceuticals.This disclosure relates to equipment having reaction vessels used to manufacture chemical and/or biological products such as biopharmaceuticals. For instance, fermentors commonly provide a reaction vessel for cultivation of microbial organisms or mammalian, insect, or plant cells to produce such products. It is important to control the temperature of the reaction to ensure optimal production of the product. For example, fermentations typically produce excess heat that must be dissipated or removed from the system to ensure proper reaction conditions. Those of skill in the art have suggested various systems for controlling the temperature within reaction vessels, as briefly reviewed below. However, there remains a need in the art for improved heat control systems that also incorporates the use of sanitary material surfaces, such as that provided herein.Previously available systems are described in several U.S. and foreign patents. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 2,973,944 (Etter, et al.) describes a system of “individual coil units” that each contain a group of tubes that serve as heat transfer elements in a reaction vessel. The units are indirectly affixed to the inner part of the vessel using bracing members located at the top, bottom, and/or throughout the length of each unit. The '944 patent points out that an advantage of such indirect attachment is that the expansion and contraction units during will not damage the reactor ...

Synthesis of methyl carbamate and dimethyl carbonate (dmc) in presence of stripping with inert gas or superheated vapours and a reactor for the same

The invention relates to synthesis of methyl carbamate (MC) and dimethyl carabonate (DMC) in presence of stripping inert gas or superheated methanol vapors using packed column reactor and bubble column reactor.

MACHINE AND METHODS FOR TRANSFORMING BIOMASS AND/OR WASTE PLASTICS VIA SUPERCRITICAL WATER REACTION

The machinery and methods disclosed herein are based on the use of a specialized extruder configured to continuously convey and plasticize/moltenize selected lignocellulosic biomass and/or waste plastic materials into a novel variable volume tubular reactor, wherein the plasticized/moltenized material undergoes reaction with circumferentially injected supercritical water—thereby yielding valuable simple sugar solutions and/or liquid hydrocarbon mixtures (e.g., “neodiesel”), both of which are key chemical commodity products. The reaction time may be adjusted by changing the reactor volume. The machinery includes four zones: (1) a feedstock conveyance and plasticization/moltenization zone; (2) a steam generation and manifold distribution zone; (3) a central supercritical water reaction zone; and (4) a pressure let-down and reaction product separation zone. The machinery and methods minimize water usage—thereby enabling the economic utilization of abundant biomass and waste plastics as viable renewable feedstocks for subsequent conversion into alternative liquid transportation fuels and valuable green-chemical products. 1. A machine for transforming a selected polymeric material into a plurality of reaction products via supercritical water reaction , comprising:an extruder having an inlet and a downstream outlet, wherein the downstream outlet is coincident with the longitudinal axis of the extruder;a steam generator fluidically connected to a downstream inlet manifold, wherein the inlet manifold forms a ring having a plurality of inwardly facing exit portals, wherein the plurality of exit portals is circumferentially positioned about the inner surface of the ring;a tubular reactor having an interior space fluidically connected to an inlet end and an outlet end, wherein the inlet end of the tubular reactor is adjacent and fluidically connected to both (i) the outlet of the extruder, and (ii) the plurality of circumferentially positioned exit portals of the inlet ...

PARTICLE OPERATION METHOD AND PARTICLE OPERATION DEVICE

The present invention relates to a particle manipulation method to disperse magnetic particles in a liquid filling up a tube container wherein a circumferential direction moving step to move the magnetic particles along the circumferential direction of the container in the liquid and in a radial direction moving step to move the magnetic particles as crossing the radial direction of the container in the liquid are implemented repeatedly. Such manipulations can be achieved by combining rotation of the container and gravity force and magnetic field manipulations. 1. A particle manipulation method , that disperses magnetic particles in a liquid , wherein a tube container is filled up with said liquid that includes said magnetic particles capable of fixing selectively a specific substance in a tube container , comprising steps of:in a first step, rotating said container about a rotation axis extending through said container in a first direction;in a second step, moving said magnetic particles along an inside wall of said container in a circumferential direction in said liquid;in a third step, applying a magnetic field from an outside of said container;in a fourth step, moving said magnetic particles along said inside wall of said container in a radian direction:in a fifth step, changing continuously one of an intensity and a direction of said magnetic field from said outside of said container; and further comprising:in a sixth step repeating said first through fifth steps.2. The particle manipulation method according to claim 1 , wherein:said container is closed: andsaid liquid completely fills up said container that is closed.3. The particle manipulation method according to claim 1 , wherein:said specific substance that said magnetic particles can fix selectively is at least one selected from the group consisting of: nucleic acids, proteins, saccharides, lipids, antibodies, antigens, ligands and cells.4. The particle manipulation method according to claim 1 , wherein:a ...

Method for producing trichlorosilane

The present invention relates to a method for producing trichlorosilane. The method includes dispersing metal silicon particles in liquid silane-based compounds containing tetrachlorosilane and optionally reacting the metal silicon particles with hydrogen chloride in the presence of hydrogen gas.

Use of Turbidimeter for Measurement of Solid Catalyst System Component in a Reactor Feed

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream. 1. A polyethylene production system comprising:a polymerization catalyst system comprising a solid component;a storage tank comprising the solid component;a storage tank effluent stream exiting the storage tank, wherein the storage tank effluent stream comprises at least a portion of the solid component;a polyethylene polymerization reactor configured to receive at least a portion of the storage tank effluent stream as a reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises at least a portion of the solid component; andat least one turbidimeter for measuring a turbidity of the storage tank effluent stream having the solid component therein, a turbidity of the reactor feed stream having the solid component therein, or both,wherein the turbidity of the storage tank effluent stream, the turbidity of the reactor feed stream, or both are translated into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream.2. The polyethylene production system of claim 1 , wherein the solid component comprises a chromium-based catalyst claim 1 , a Ziegler-Natta catalyst claim 1 , or a metallocene-based ...

Method for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes

Described herein are method for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes in a liquid. The liquid is passed through a device that generates a liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles and collides the liquid jet with an impact body or other liquid jet to force the collapse of the cavitation bubbles at a select compressive stagnation pressure. The compressive stagnation pressure of the liquid is between 50 and 99 percent of the static pressure of the liquid upon entry of a constriction that generates the liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles.

Purified Silicon, Devices and Systems for Producing Same

The present disclosure provides devices and systems that utilize concurrent and countercurrent exchange platforms to produce purified silicon. 2. The device of wherein the transfer of impurities to the silica-walled gas filled beads convert the relatively pure bead silica walls initially formed by bubbling to less pure bead silica walls claim 1 , so that the plurality of up-flowing gas filled beads carry impurities upward as the molten silicon flows downward.3. The device of wherein the countercurrent exchange section has a volume and the volume comprises a packed bed the of beads and interstitial molten silicon.4. The device of wherein the countercurrent exchange section comprises from 20 vol % to 35 vol % molten silicon and from 80 vol % to 65 vol % silica-walled oxygen beads.5. The device of wherein the bead silica walls have a thickness from 0.1 microns to 1.0 micron.6. The device of any of wherein the silicon inlet comprises a plurality of spaced-apart injection tubes.7. The device of wherein the gas injection structure comprises a hub and a plurality of spokes extending radially from the hub claim 1 , each spoke including a plurality of gas orifices.8. The device of wherein the impurity elements in the purified silicon output will be at such a low concentration that they are undetectable claim 1 , or less than one part per trillion.9. The device of wherein the vessel comprises a separation section located above the silicon inlet and the countercurrent exchange section claim 1 , and the upwardly moving beads in the separation section form a foam.10. The device of comprising an extraction member in operative communication with the separation section claim 9 , and the extraction member removes the foam from the chamber.11. The device of comprising a well for collecting the purified molten silicon claim 1 , the well located below the gas inlet.12. A device comprising a deoxidation column in fluid communication with the well of .13. The device of wherein the beads ...

Verfahren zur verabreichung von katalysatoren für popylenpolymerisation

Method and apparatus for the production of solid polymers of olefins

Method and device for optimising catalyst supply to a polymerisation reactor

The present invention relates to a method for optimising catalyst supply to a polymerisation reactor (1), comprising the steps of a) preparing catalyst slurry in a vessel (3), said slurry comprising solid catalyst in a hydrocarbon diluent having a suitable concentration for use in a polymerisation reaction, b) providing said catalyst slurry from said vessel (3) to a buffer vessel (4) wherein said slurry is stored, and c) supplying said catalyst slurry from said buffer vessel (4) to said reactor (1) through conduits (8) at a suitable flow rate, and d) bringing a suitable amount of co-catalyst into contact with the catalyst slurry before supplying said catalyst slurry to said reactor.

Method for reaction control of exothermic reaction and apparatus therefore

Loop reactor with varying diameter for olefin polymerization

Process for polymerizing at least one olefinic monomer in a loop reactor at from 20 to 150°C, but below the melting point of the polymer to be formed, and a pressure of from 5 to 100 bar, where the polymer formed is present in a suspension in a liquid or supercritical suspension medium and this suspension is circulated by means of an axial pump, wherein the loop reactor comprises a cyclic reactor tube whose diameter varies by at least 10%, based on the predominant reactor tube diameter, and in which there is at least one widening and narrowing in a region other than that of the axial pump.

Double loop technology

The present invention relates to an apparatus and process for polymerizing olefins. One embodiment comprises polymerizing at least one monomer in a first loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst to produce a first polyolefin fraction. A portion of the first polyolefin fraction is transferred to a second loop reactor, connected in series with the first loop reactor. The process further comprises polymerizing in the second loop reactor at least one monomer in the presence of a catalyst to produce a second polyolefin fraction in addition to the first polyolefin fraction. The combination of the first and second polyolefin fractions can produce a polymer resin fluff having bimodal molecular weight distribution.

Pressure control of the catalyst mixing vessel

Process for the polymerization of propylene

Ultrasonic catalyst feed for fluid bed olefin polymerization

Liquid catalyst composition is fed to a fluidized bed olefin polymerization reactor through an ultrasonic nozzle, enabling improved control over average catalyst composition droplet size and size distribution, which provides better control over resin particle size. The spray may be surrounded by a shroud of gas which creates a particle lean zone, thus reducing the likelihood of contact by the catalyst composition with existing product particles already suspended in the fluid bed.

Method and device for optimising catalyst supply to a polymerization reactor.

The present invention relates to a method for optimising catalyst supply to a polymerisation reactor (1), comprising the steps of a) preparing catalyst slurry in a vessel (3), said slurry comprising solid catalyst in a hydrocarbon diluent having a suitable concentration for use in a polymerisation reaction, b) providing said catalyst slurry from said vessel (3) to a buffer vessel (4) wherein said slurry is stored, and c) supplying said catalyst slurry from said buffer vessel (4) to said reactor (1) through conduits (8) at a suitable flow rate.

De-foaming spray dried catalyst slurries

A method for preparing a spray dried catalyst and a low viscosity, low foam spray dried catalyst system for olefin polymerization are provided. In one aspect, the method includes preparing a catalyst system including one or more components selected from metallocenes, non-metallocenes, and activators, adding mineral oil to the catalyst system to form a slurry, and adding one or more liquid alkanes having three or more carbon atoms to the slurry in an amount sufficient to reduce foaming and viscosity of the slurry. In one aspect, the catalyst system includes one or more catalysts selected from metallocenes, non-metallocenes, and a combination thereof, wherein the catalyst system is spray dried. The system further includes mineral oil to form a slurry including a catalyst system, and one or more liquid alkanes having three or more carbon atoms in an amount sufficient to reduce foaming and viscosity of the slurry.

Methods for injecting catalyst into a polymerization reactor

A polymerization process and a catalyst delivery system are provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet located downstream of the catalyst inlet, and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel, introducing a catalyst to the conduit through the catalyst inlet, and passing the catalyst through the conduit to the polymerization vessel. The process may further include introducing a first propylene stream to the conduit to provide a mixed catalyst stream downstream of the catalyst inlet. The process may additionally include stopping the flow of the catalyst passing through the conduit, introducing a second propylene stream to the conduit through the second propylene stream inlet, removing a section of the conduit, and replacing the removed section of the conduit with a different conduit section. The catalyst delivery system may include a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel and having a removable portion, the second propylene stream inlet being configured to prevent polymer from passing from the polymerization vessel into the conduit during conduit maintenance.

Process for the polymerization of olefins

Process for the polymerization of olefins

Continuous gas fluidized bed polymerization process

Continuous gas fluidized bed polymerization process

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polyolefin in a reaction system from one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene, 5 wherein the reaction system comprises a reactor, a product purge bin, a granular feed bin, wherein the granular feed bin is located downstream of the product purge bin, a recovery unit and an extrusion unit directly coupled to the granular fed bin, wherein the reactor comprises a fluidized bed, an expanded section located at or near the top of the reactor, a distribution plate located at the lower part of the reactor and an 10 inlet for a recycle stream located under the distribution plate, wherein the process comprises a) feeding a polymerization catalyst to the fluidized bed in the area above the distribution plate, b) feeding the one or more α-olefin monomers to the reactor, 15 c) circulating fluids from the top of the reactor to the bottom of the reactor, wherein the circulating fluids are cooled using a heat exchanger, resulting in a cooled recycle stream comprising liquid, and wherein the cooled recycle stream is introduced into the reactor using the inlet for the recycle stream, d) withdrawing a stream comprising the polyolefin and fluids from the reactor and 20 passing said stream into the product purge bin, e) purging the product purge bin with a purge stream comprising a first inert gas, preferably nitrogen and steam such that a stream comprising a purged polyolefin and a stream comprising fluids, wherein the stream comprising the fluids is substantially free of steam, is obtained, 25 f) introducing at least part of the stream comprising the fluids back into the reactor via the recovery unit, g) introducing the stream comprising the purged polyolefin into the granular feed bin and h) contacting a deactivating stream comprising steam with the purged polyolefin in the 30 granular feed bin to obtain a polyolefin that is substantially free of active polymerization catalyst.

Polymerization using a spiral heat exchanger

This invention relates to a polymerization process for forming polymer comprising: contacting (typically in a solution or slurry phase), a monomer and a catalyst system in a reaction zone comprising at least one spiral heat exchanger and recovering polymer, wherein the monomer, the catalyst system and the polymer flow through the at least one spiral heat exchanger in a cross-flow direction relative to spirals of the at least one spiral heat exchanger.

Polymerization using a spiral heat exchanger

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING CATALYST SUPPLY FOR A POLYMERIZATION REACTOR

Method and device for optimising catalyst supply to a polymerisation reactor

The present invention relates to a method for optimising catalyst supply to a polymerisation reactor (1), comprising the steps of a) preparing catalyst slurry in a vessel (3), said slurry comprising solid catalyst in a hydrocarbon diluent having a suitable concentration for use in a polymerisation reaction, b) providing said catalyst slurry from said vessel (3) to a buffer vessel (4) wherein said slurry is stored, and c) supplying said catalyst slurry from said buffer vessel (4) to said reactor (1) through conduits (8) at a suitable flow rate, and d) bringing a suitable amount of co-catalyst into contact with the catalyst slurry before supplying said catalyst slurry to said reactor.

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Methods for injecting catalyst into a polymerization reactor

A polymerization process and a catalyst delivery system are provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet located downstream of the catalyst inlet, and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel, introducing a catalyst to the conduit through the catalyst inlet, and passing the catalyst through the conduit to the polymerization vessel. The process may further include introducing a first propylene stream to the conduit to provide a mixed catalyst stream downstream of the catalyst inlet. The process may additionally include stopping the flow of the catalyst passing through the conduit, introducing a second propylene stream to the conduit through the second propylene stream inlet, removing a section of the conduit, and replacing the removed section of the conduit with a different conduit section. The catalyst delivery system may include a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel and having a removable portion, the second propylene stream inlet being configured to prevent polymer from passing from the polymerization vessel into the conduit during conduit maintenance.

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Double Loop Technology

A method for controlling the injection of catalyst slurry in a polymerization reactor is described herein. The method includes the preparation of polyethylene with a solid catalyst and a hydrocarbon diluents. The method includes providing solid catalyst and a hydrocarbon diluent in one or more storage vessels such that a catalyst slurry is obtained in said vessel, transferring said catalyst slurry from said storage vessel to a mixing vessel wherein said catalyst slurry is diluted for obtaining a suitable concentration for use in a polymerization reaction, pumping said diluted catalyst slurry at a controlled flow rate from said mixing vessel to said polymerization reactor through one or more conduits, by means of a membrane pump provided in each of said conduits, and the membrane pump is controllable as a function of reactant concentration within the polymerization reactor.

Method for dosing catalysts

Process and apparatus for producing olefin polymers

The present invention concerns a process and an apparatus for continuous polymerisation of olefin monomers in a cascade of polymerisation reactors. According to the process, an olefin monomer is polymerised first in slurry phase in an inert hydrocarbon diluent in at least one loop reactor and then, subsequently, in gas phase in at least one gas phase reactor. According to the invention, a polymer slurry is continuously withdrawn from the loop reactor and optionally concentrated. The concentrated slurry is conducted to a high pressure flash unit in order to remove the remaining fluid phase, and fed to the gas phase reactor. With the process described in this invention, it is possible to produce bimodal polyethylene with good properties. The operation of the process is stable because of the truly continuous operation.

Effervescent nozzle for catalyst injection

A nozzle for catalyst injection for olefin polymerization is provided. In one or more embodiments the nozzle includes a first conduit including a body, a tapered section, and an injection tip. The nozzle also includes a second conduit having an inner surface and an outer surface. The first conduit is disposed about the second conduit defining a first annulus therebetween. The nozzle further includes a support member at least partially disposed about the outer surface of the first conduit defining a second annulus therebetween. The support member has a converging outer surface at a first end thereof.

Temperature control for polymerizing particulate polyolefin

A method is described that includes contacting an olefin with a catalyst in a polymerization reactor, polymerizing at least a portion of the olefin to form an alpha olefin reaction product, detecting a condition within the polymerization reactor, determining an average temperature of at least one olefin product particle based on the condition, determining an operating particle temperature threshold using a foul curve, comparing the average temperature of the polymer particle to the operating particle temperature threshold, changing one or more operating parameters in response to the comparing, and maintaining the average temperature of the olefin polymer particle at or below the operating particle temperature threshold in response to changing the one or more operating parameters. The alpha olefin reaction product includes a plurality of olefin polymer particles, and the polymerization reactor includes a reaction mixture that includes the olefin, the catalyst, a diluent, and the alpha olefin reaction product.

Effervescent nozzle for catalyst injection

FIELD : technologies . SUBSTANCE: nozzle for catalyst injection is provided. The nozzle nozzle for catalyst injection for olefin polymerization includes a first conduit including a body, a tapered section, and an injection tip. The nozzle also includes a second conduit having an inner surface and an outer surface. The first conduit is disposed about the second conduit defining a first annulus there between. The second conduit comprises a first line of axially spaced orifices and a second line of axially spaced orifices, wherein each line is helically disposed about the second conduit such that corresponding axial orifices in the first and second lines are radially spaced. The nozzle further includes a support member at least partially disposed about the outer surface of the first conduit defining a second annulus there between. The support member has a converging outer surface at a first end thereof. The invention comprises also a method for uniform and reproducible method for catalyst injection into a gas phase polyolefine polymerization reactor that provides for polymer dimensions and particle part control. EFFECT: effervescent nozzle allows for the uniform and reproducible injection of the catalyst into a gas phase polyolefine polymerization reactor to promote uniform, consistent production of polymer product. 26 cl, 6 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 441 882 (13) C2 (51) МПК C08F 2/01 (2006.01) C08F 2/34 (2006.01) C08F 10/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (72) Автор(ы): ЛИПП Чарльз В. (US), (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: ЛИНН Тимоти Р. (US), 26.09.2007 САВАТСКИ Брюс Дж. (US), ОСКАМ Джон Х. (US), Приоритет(ы): ДЭВИС Марк Б. (US), (30) Конвенционный приоритет: ТЕРРИ Керстен А. (US), 03.10.2006 US 60/848,910 ЗИЛКЕР Дэниел П. (US), (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.11.2010 Бюл. № 31 БЛАД Марк В. (US) (21)(22) Заявка: 2009116622/04, 26.09.2007 2 4 4 1 8 8 2 R U (86) Заявка PCT: ...

Gas-phase process and apparatus for the polymerization of olefins

A gas-phase process for polymerizing one or more α-olefins in a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, said fluidized bed reactor being equipped with a fluidization grid arranged at its base, and external means for recycling and cooling the unreacted gas from the top of said reactor to said fluidization grid, the process being characterized by: (i) a continuous pneumatic recycle of polymer by means of a circulation loop connecting said fluidization grid to the upper region of the fluidized bed reactor; (ii) a continuous discharge of polymer from a zone of said circulation loop having a polymer concentration higher than the polymer concentration inside the fluidized polymer bed.

Method for optimising the supply of catalyst slurry to a polymerization reactor

The present invention relates to a method for optimizing the supply of a catalyst slurry during a polymerization process for preparing a polyolefin in a polymerization reactor (1), whereby said slurry consists of solid catalyst particles suspended in a hydrocarbon diluent and is characterised by a ratio of solid catalyst particles/diluent, whereby the catalyst slurry is fed to the reactor through at least two parallel catalyst feeding conduits (4, 104) which are intermittently operative in the polymerisation process, said method comprising the steps of : - determining an effective initial ratio solid catalyst particles/diluent for the polymerization process; - determining the actual ratio solid catalyst particles/diluent in a first operative feeding conduit (4); - calculating the difference between actual and initial ratio and in the event that said difference is more than a specified threshold, shutting down the first catalyst feeding conduit (4) and activating a second catalyst feeding conduit (104). The catalyst slurry is periodically supplied to the reactor. The invention also relates to polyolefin production processes and polyolefin producing units.

用于确定催化剂活性的方法和系统

本发明涉及一种用于确定聚合过程中催化剂活性的方法，所述聚合过程包括下列步骤：将催化剂和稀释剂加到存储容器内以形成浓缩的沉淀催化剂、将所述浓缩的沉淀催化剂加到装有混合设备的混合容器内并将烃稀释剂加到所述混合容器内以形成稀释的催化剂浆料、将所述稀释的催化剂浆料通过体积计量泵加到聚合反应器内、和将至少一种单体加到所述聚合反应器内以形成聚合物。该方法的特征在于在所述混合容器的出口和所述体积计量泵之间测量所述稀释的催化剂浆料的密度、基于所测得的稀释的催化剂浆料的密度确定加到所述聚合反应器内的催化剂的量、和将加到所述聚合反应器内的催化剂的量与所形成的聚合物的量进行比较以确定该催化剂的活性。本发明还涉及一种适于实施该方法的系统。

Methods for injecting catalyst into a polymerization reactor

A polymerization process and a catalyst delivery system are provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet located downstream of the catalyst inlet, and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel, introducing a catalyst to the conduit through the catalyst inlet, and passing the catalyst through the conduit to the polymerization vessel. The process may further include introducing a first propylene stream to the conduit to provide a mixed catalyst stream downstream of the catalyst inlet. The process may additionally include stopping the flow of the catalyst passing through the conduit, introducing a second propylene stream to the conduit through the second propylene stream inlet, removing a section of the conduit, and replacing the removed section of the conduit with a different conduit section. The catalyst delivery system may include a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel and having a removable portion, the second propylene stream inlet being configured to prevent polymer from passing from the polymerization vessel into the conduit during conduit maintenance.

Methods for injecting catalyst into a polymerization reactor

METHOD FOR INJECTING CATALYST INTO A POLYMERIZATION REACTOR

Methods for injecting catalyst into a polymerization reactor

A polymerization process and a catalyst delivery system are provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet located downstream of the catalyst inlet, and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel, introducing a catalyst to the conduit through the catalyst inlet, and passing the catalyst through the conduit to the polymerization vessel. The process may further include introducing a first propylene stream to the conduit to provide a mixed catalyst stream downstream of the catalyst inlet. The process may additionally include stopping the flow of the catalyst passing through the conduit, introducing a second propylene stream to the conduit through the second propylene stream inlet, removing a section of the conduit, and replacing the removed section of the conduit with a different conduit section. The catalyst delivery system may include a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel and having a removable portion, the second propylene stream inlet being configured to prevent polymer from passing from the polymerization vessel into the conduit during conduit maintenance.

METHOD FOR INJECTING CATALYST INTO A POLYMERIZATION REACTOR

Methods for injecting catalyst into a polymerization reactor

A polymerization process and a catalyst delivery system are provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet located downstream of the catalyst inlet, and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel, introducing a catalyst to the conduit through the catalyst inlet, and passing the catalyst through the conduit to the polymerization vessel. The process may further include introducing a first propylene stream to the conduit to provide a mixed catalyst stream downstream of the catalyst inlet. The process may additionally include stopping the flow of the catalyst passing through the conduit, introducing a second propylene stream to the conduit through the second propylene stream inlet, removing a section of the conduit, and replacing the removed section of the conduit with a different conduit section. The catalyst delivery system may include a conduit having a catalyst inlet, a first propylene stream inlet and a second propylene stream inlet located downstream of the first propylene stream inlet, the conduit being operably connected to a polymerization vessel and having a removable portion, the second propylene stream inlet being configured to prevent polymer from passing from the polymerization vessel into the conduit during conduit maintenance.

METHOD FOR DOSING CATALYSTS

Gas-phase process and apparatus for the polymerization of olefins

METHOD FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF CATALYSTS FOR POPYLENE POLYMERIZATION

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Methods for supplying solid catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Methods of delivering catalyst systems for propylene polymerization

A polymerization process is provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including providing a catalyst slurry having a metallocene catalyst and a first oil, providing a transport medium including a second oil and combining the transport medium and the catalyst slurry to form a catalyst mixture. The process may further include introducing the catalyst mixture to a polymerization reactor and contacting olefin monomers with the catalyst mixture to polymerize the olefin monomers and form polyolefins.

Verfahren zum Dosieren von Katalysatoren

Verfahren zur Dosierung von Katalysatoren in einen Reaktor, wobei man zunächst den Katalysator in einem Vorlagebehälter in einem Kohlenwasserstoff suspendiert, die erhaltene Suspension durch Rühren in Bewegung hält und diese dann über ein Dreiwegedosierventil und einen Ejektor in den eigentlichen Reaktor einspeist und wobei man insbesondere zuerst die den Katalysator enthaltende Suspension mit Hilfe einer Pumpe aus dem Vorlagebehälter austrägt und dadurch kontinuierlich umwälzt, dass man die Suspension über das Dreiwegedosierventil innerhalb eines geschlossenen Leitungssystems in den Vorlagebehälter zurückführt, anschließend innerhalb des Vorlagebehälters einen Druck einstellt, der 0,1 bis 30 bar höher liegt als der Druck im Reaktor und danach durch einen pulsierenden Betrieb des nunmehr geöffneten Dreiwegedosierventils die Suspension über ein Durchflußmeßgerät, welches das Dreiwegedosierventil steuert und einen nachgeschalteten Ejektor in den Reaktor kontinuierlich einbringt.

Catalyst injection for Ziegler polymerization

The fouling of the solid cocatalyst inlet nozzle in alpha-olefin Ziegler type polymerizations in stirred liquid phase, mass reaction is eliminated by positioning the inlet nozzle below the liquid surface on substantially the same horizontal plane as the bottom impeller and aligned with the impeller. The inlet nozzle extends from 30 to 80% of the distance between the wall of the reactor and the tip of the impeller. The ratio of the inlet velocity of the solid cocatalyst slurry to the reactor mass cross flow velocity is 2-3:1.