VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NICHT-ALUMINIUMENTHALTENDEN ANIONISCHEN MAGNESIUMTONERDEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANIONI ALUMINA AND BOEHMITE-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS, COMPOSITIONS THE ANIONI ALUMINA AND BOEHMITE CONTAINING AND FROM IT MANUFACTURED CATALYSTS

PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION AND REDUCTION OF THE SIZE OF FIRM PARTICLES

CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF FINE PARTICULATE BIOMASS, AND METHOD FOR REDUCING THE PARTICLE SIZE OF SOLID BIOMASS PARTICLES

A process is disclosed for converting a particulate biomass material to a bioliquid. In the process the biomass material is mixed with a heat transfe r medium and a catalytic material, and heated to a temperature in the range of from 150 to 600 °C. The particle size of the solid biomass may be reduced by abrasion in admixture with inorganic particles under agitation by a gas. The biomass particles of reduced size obtained in the abrasion process may be converted to bioliquid in any of a number of conversion processes. ...

CATALYTIC HYDROPYROLYSIS OF ORGANOPHILIC BIOMASS

A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80°C and 300°C to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size from about 1 µ?? to about 1000 µ??. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid to form a suspension, wherein the liquid comprises bio-oil, wherein the suspension includes between 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a hydropyrolysis reactor; and at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.

REFRACTORY MIXED-METAL OXIDES AND SPINEL COMPOSITIONS FOR THERMO-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

A process for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. More specifically, the process is in presence of is a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (X1O) (X2O)a (X3YbO4) wherein X1, X2 and X3 are alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof, wherein the catalyst is formed by calcining at least one compound comprising at least one alkaline earth element and a metal element.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ANIONISCHER TONERDE UND BÖHMIT-ENTHALTENDEN ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN, ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN DIE ANIONISCHE TONERDE UND BÖHMIT ENTHALTEN UND DARAUS HERGESTELLTE KATALYSATOREN

VERFAHREN ZUR UMWANDLUNG UND REDUZIERUNG DER GRÖSSE FESTER PARTIKEL

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF QUASI-CRYSTALLINE BOEHMITES

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A ADDITIVHALTIGEN ANIONI ALUMINA

Comminution and densification of biomass particles

TWO-STAGE PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF TAR SAND TO LIQUID FUELS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

A process is disclosed for converting Tar Sand to fuels and/or valuable chemicais. The process comprises the steps of a) activating Tar Sand to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the Tar Sand to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted Tar Sand to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated Tar Sand. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized Tar Sand obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted Tar Sand is subjected to step d).

BIOMASS CONVERSION PROCESS

A method for converting solid biomass into hydrocarbons includes contacting the solid biomass with a catalyst in a first riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C to about 200° C to thereby produce a first biomass-catalyst mixture and a first product comprising hydrocarbons; a) separating the first product from the first biomass-catalyst mixture; c) charging the first biomass-catalyst mixture to a second riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C to about 400° C to thereby produce a second biomass-catalyst mixture and a second product comprising hydrocarbons; d) separating the second product from the second biomass-catalyst mixture; e) charging the second biomass-catalyst mixture to a third riser operated at a temperature greater than about 450° C to thereby produce a spent catalyst and a third product comprising hydrocarbons; and 0 separating the third effluent from the spent catalyst.

BIO-OIL HAVING REDUCED MINERAL CONTENT, AND PROCESS FOR MAKING

A process is disclosed for converting a biomass material to a stabilized bio-oil. The process comprises converting the biomass to a pyrolytic oil having suspended therein particles of metal compounds, and removing at least part of the suspended metal compounds to obtain a stabilized bio-oil.

PRODUCTION OF LINEAR ALKANES BY HYDROTREATING MIXTURES OF TRIGLYCERIDES WITH VACUUM GASOIL

A process is disclosed for mild hydro-conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbo n compounds. The oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds are contacted with a hydro - conversion catalyst material at a reaction pressure below 100 bar. Preferr ed oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds are those obtained by the liquefaction o f biomass. In a specific embodiment the process is used for production of no rmal alkanes by hydrotreating mixtures of triglycerides (or compounds derive d-from triglycerides, including free fatty acids) and vacuum gasoil.

PHYLLOSILICATE-BASED COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME FOR CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS

A process for producing catalyst for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. The process includes modifying a phyllosilicate to produce a modified phyllosilicate having an improved yield of a pyrolysis reaction. The modification of the phyllosilicate includes leaching the clay with an acid or basic solution to form a leached clay preparation, calcining the leached clay and contacting the treated clay with a suspension comprising metal ions for ion-exchange. The modified clay catalyst can then be mixed with inorganic materials such as zeolites and dried to form fluidizable microspheres.

Process for the preparation of doped pentasil-type zeolite using doped seeds

Catalyst for the production of light olefins

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF QUASI-CRYSTALLINE BOEHMITES FROM INEXPENSIVE PRECURSORS

The present invention pertains to cheaper process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. In this cheaper process an inexpensive quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are combined and aged to form a quasi- crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable inexpensive quasi-crystalline boehmite precursors are aluminium trihydrate and thermally treated forms thereof and inorganic aluminium salts. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of rare earth metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, and phosphorus. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

ATTRITION RESISTANT, SHAPED, CRYSTALLINE ANIONIC CLAY-CONTAINING BODIES

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies from sources comprising an aluminium source and a magnesium source comprising the steps of: a) preparing a precursor mixture, b) shaping the precursor mixture to obtain shaped bodies, c) optionally thermally treating the shaped bodies, and d) ageing to obtain crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies. The quintessence of the present invention is that the bodies are shaped prior to the forming of the crystalline anionic clay in said bodies. This results in very attrition resistant bodies, without the need to add a binder material. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Oxidic Catalyst Composition Comprising a Divalent, a Trivalent, and a Rare Earth Metal

The invention relates to an oxidic catalyst composition comprising 5-60 wt % of a divalent metal, 5-60 wt % of a trivalent metal, and 35-60 wt % of a rare earth metal, calculated as oxide and based on the total weight of the oxidic catalyst composition. The invention also relates to a process for preparing such an oxidic catalyst composition. This composition is suitable as metal trap in FCC processes.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ANIONISCHEM TON

QUASIKRISTALLINES BÖMIT, DAS NICHT-LANTHANIDISCHE ADDITIVE ENTHÄLT

Improvements in and relating to compacts

Electro-conductive zeolitic molecular sieve compacts are prepared without the presence of a binder by a process which comprises dehydrating a crystalline zeolitic molecular sieve until 80-95% of its moisture content is removed by heating at a temperature from 100-400 DEG C., preferably from 150-200 DEG C. and in a vacuum, preferably 100 microns of mercury and applying a mechanical pressure of at least 680 atmospheres, preferably 2720-4075 atmospheres to the zeolitic molecular sieve and thereafter allowing the compact to cool. The dehydration may be effected prior or during the application of pressure. The zeolite which may be treated by the process include naturally occurring zeolites and synthetic zeolits A, X, D, L, R, S, T and Y which are disclosed in the following Specifications 777,232, 777,233, 841,812, 868,846, 909,264, 909,265, 909,266 and 912,936. The zeolite may be partially ion exchanged with a reducible metal cation. The products of the invention form the basis of solid state ...

USE OF KATIONI LAYER MATERIALS, COMPOSITIONS OF THESE MATERIALS AND THE PRODUCTION OF KATIONI LAYER MATERIALS

FISCHER TROPSCH PROCEDURE USING A EISENHALTIGEN SCHICHTFÖRMIGEN OF MATERIALES

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF QUASI-CRYSTALLINE BOEHMITEN FROM LOW-PRICED FORERUNNERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A AL-HALTIGEN ONE, NOT MG-HALTIGEN ONES, ANIONI ALUMINA

QUASI-CRYSTALLINE GUST WITH, WHICH CONTAINS NOT LANTHANIDI ADDITIVES

CATALYST COMPOSITION WITH ANIONI CLAY/TONE AND RARE EARTH METALS

HYDROTHERMALVERFAHREN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF QUASI-CRYSTALLINE BOEHMITE

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DOPED PENTASIL-TYPE ZEOLITE USING DOPED SEEDS

Comminution and densification of biomass particles

A method is disclosed for reducing the mechanical strength of solid bimass material, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass The method comprises heating the solid biomass material Io a temperature in the range of 105 ...

CONTROLLED ACTIVITY PYROLYSIS CATALYSTS

A catalyst system is disclosed for catalytic pyrolysis of a solid biomass material. The system comprises an oxide, silicate or carbonate of a metal or a metalloid. The specific combined meso and macro surface area of the system is in the range of from 1 m2/g Io 100 m2/g. When used in a catalytic process the system provides a high oil yield and a low coke yield. The liquid has a relatively low oxygen content.

MODIFICATION OF BIOMASS FOR EFFICIENT CONVERSION TO FUELS

A process is disclosed for preparing biomass particles for thermolytic or enzymatic conversion whereby the biomass particles having a moisture content of at least 20% are subjected to flash heating. The flash heating may be preceded by one or more adsorption/desorption cycles with water or steam. A swelling aid may be added during the adsorption part of an ad-sorption/desorption cycle.

PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

A process is disclosed for converting biomass to fuels and/or valuable chemicals. The process comprises the steps of a) activating biomass to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the biomass to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted biomass to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated biomass. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized biomass obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted biomass is subjected to step d).

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CARBON-BASED ENERGY CARRIER MATERIAL

A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200 °C and 450 °C, preferably between 250 °C and 350 °C, thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed; In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200 °C.

MODIFICATION OF BIOMASS FOR EFFICIENT CONVERSION TO FUELS

A process is disclosed for preparing biomass particles for thermolytic or enzymatic conversion whereby the biomass particles having a moisture content of at least 20% are subjected to Hash healing. The flash heating may be preceded by one or more ads?ftkm/desorption cycles with wafer or steam, A swelling aid may be added during the adsorption part of an adsorption/desor ption cycle.

Fcc catalyst, its preparation and use

Catalytic hydropyrolysis of organophillic biomass

A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80° C. and 300° C. to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size from about 1 m to about 1000 m. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid to form a suspension, wherein the liquid comprises bio-oil, wherein the suspension includes between 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a hydropyrolysis reactor; and at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.

PRODUCTION OF EISENVERBINDUNGEN BY HYDROTHERMALE TRANSFORMATION

MORE RESISTANT TO FRICTION KRISTALINE MG-AL-SI ATTITUDE, MOLDED ARTICLES CLAY-HOLDING

IN-SITU MANUFACTURE ANIONI MOLDED ARTICLES CLAY-HOLDING

POLYTYPI MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRAULIC VALLEY CIT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANIONI ALUMINA USING BOEHMITE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANIONI CLAY/TONE

RESISTANT TO FRICTION MOLDED ARTICLES, THE ANIONI, CRYSTALLINE ALUMINAS CONTAINING

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NON ALUMINUM-CONTAINING ANIONI MAGNESIUM ALUMINAS

FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS USING AN IRON-CONTAINING LAYERED MATERIAL

IMPROVED CATALYST FOR THERMOCATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Catalyst compositions comprising a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, and methods for making and using same, are disclosed. More specifically, processes for making a catalyst for biomass conversion are provided. The process includes: treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with a phosphorous-containing compound to form a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component; preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder; and shaping the slurry into shaped bodies. Such catalysts can be used for the thermocatalytic conversion of particulate biomass to liquid products such as bio-oil, resulting in higher bio-oil yields and lower coke than conventional catalysts.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Presslingen aus kristallinen Zeolithen

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CATALYSTS COMPRISING A PENTASIL-TYPE ZEOLITE

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION AND SIZE REDUCTION OF SOLID PARTICLES

REFRACTORY MIXED-METAL OXIDES AND SPINEL COMPOSITIONS FOR THERMO-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

A process for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. More specifically, the process is in presence of is a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (X1O) (X2O)a (X3YbO4) wherein X1, X2 and X3 are alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof, wherein the catalyst is formed by calcining at least one compound comprising at least one alkaline earth element and a metal element.

BIOMASS PRETREATMENT FOR FAST PYROLYSIS TO LIQUIDS

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY BIO-OIL IN HIGH YIELD

A process is disclosed for converting a particulate solid biomass material to a high quality bio-oil in high yield. The process comprises a pretreatment step and a pyrolysis step. The pretreatment comprises a step of at least partially demineralizmg the solid biomass, and improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass. In. a preferred embodiment the liquid pyrolysis product, is separated, into the bio-oil and an aqueous phase, and the aqueous phase is used, as a solvent in the demineralizatioii step and/or in the step of improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass.

COMMINUTION AND DENSIFICATION OF BIOMASS PARTICLES

A method is disclosed for reducing the mechanical strength of solid biomass material, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass. The method comprises heating the solid biomass material lo a temperature in the range of 105 °C to 200 °C. The heat treatment, which is referred to as "toasting", significantly reduces the mechanical energy required for reducing the particle size of the solid biomass material. The method is particularly suitable as a pretreatmemt step to a conversion reaction of the solid biomass material ...

BIOMASS CONVERSION PROCESS

A method for converting solid biomass into hydrocarbons includes contacting the solid biomass with a catalyst in a first riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C to about 200° C to thereby produce a first biomass-catalyst mixture and a first product comprising hydrocarbons; a) separating the first product from the first biomass-catalyst mixture; c) charging the first biomass-catalyst mixture to a second riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C to about 400° C to thereby produce a second biomass-catalyst mixture and a second product comprising hydrocarbons; d) separating the second product from the second biomass-catalyst mixture; e) charging the second biomass-catalyst mixture to a third riser operated at a temperature greater than about 450° C to thereby produce a spent catalyst and a third product comprising hydrocarbons; and 0 separating the third effluent from the spent catalyst.

Oxidic metal composition, its preparation and use as catalyst composition

Oxidic composition consisting essentially of oxidic forms of a first metal, a second metal, and optionally a third metal, the first metal being either Ca or Ba and being present in the composition in an amount of 5-80 wt%, the second metal being Al and being present in the composition in an amount of 5-80 wt%, the third metal being selected from the group consisting of La, Ti, and Zr, and being present in an amount of 0-17 wt% - all weight percentages calculated as oxides and based on the weight of the oxidic composition, the oxidic composition being obtainable by (a) preparing a physical mixture comprising solid compounds of the first, the second, and the optional third metal, (b) optionally aging the physical mixture, without anionic clay being formed, and (c) calcining the mixture. This composition is suitable for use in FCC processes for the passivation of metals with only minimal influence on the zeolite's hydrothermal stability.

POLYTYPE Mg-Al HYDROTALCITE

The present invention pertains to Mg-Al anionic clay having 3R 2 stacking. This new polytype of anionic clay has a three-layer repeat, but it has a different interlayer arrangement than the conventional 3R1, hydrotalcite. Said new polytype can be applied in all applications described before for the conventional 3R1 polytype anionic clay such as in catalyst compositions, catalyst additive compositions, catalyst supports, absorbent compositions, stabiliser compositions and in medicaments. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DOPED PENTASIL-TYPE ZEOLITES USING A DOPED REACTANT

A process for the preparation of a metal-doped pentasil-type zeolite comprising the steps of: a) preparing an aqueous precursor mixture comprising a silicon source and an aluminium source, at least one of these sources being doped with a rare earth metal or a transition metal of Groups Vb-VIIIb, Ib, or IIb of the Periodic System, and b) thermally treating the precursor mixture to form a metal-doped pentasil-type zeolite. With this process, metal-doped pentasil-type zeolites can be prepared while the risk of precipitation of the dopant as a separate phase is minimised. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Process for converting carbon-based energy carrier material

A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200° C. and 450° C., preferably between 250° C. and 350° C., thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed. In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200° C.

Process for producing Al-containing non-Mg-anionic clay

This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Al-containing non-Mg anionic clays. It involves hydrothermally reacting a slurry comprising a divalent metals source with a trivalent metals source to directly obtain Al-containing non-Mg anionic clay, at least one of the metal sources being an oxide, hydroxide or a carbonate. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

HERSTELLUNG VON EISENVERBINDUNGEN DURCH HYDROTHERMALE UMWANDLUNG

USE OF CATIONIC LAYERED MATERIALS, COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THESE MATERIALS, AND THE PREPARATION OF CATIONIC LAYERED MATERIALS

FCC CATALYST FOR REDUCING THE SULFUR CONTENT IN GASOLINE AND DIESEL

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE-CONTAINING CATALYST COMPOSITION

Process for the preparation of an aluminium phosphate-containing composition wherein an aluminium source is converted partly to aluminium phosphate using a phosphorus-containing compound and partly to (i) an anionic clay and/or a Al- MII mixed metal (hydr)oxide using a divalent metal (MII) source, (ii) an aluminosilicate using a silicon source, and/or (iii) a MII- aluminosilicate using both a divalent metal source and a silicon source.

PHYLLOSILICATE-BASED COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME FOR CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS

A process for producing catalyst for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. The process includes modifying a phyllosilicate to produce a modified phyllosilicate having an improved yield of a pyrolysis reaction. The modification of the phyllosilicate includes leaching the clay with an acid or basic solution to form a leached clay preparation, calcining the leached clay and contacting the treated clay with a suspension comprising metal ions for ion-exchange. The modified clay catalyst can then be mixed with inorganic materials such as zeolites and dried to form fluidizable microspheres.

TWO-STAGE REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF SOLID BIOMASS MATERIAL

A two-stage reactor is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor is designed to maximize conversion of the solid biomass material, while limiting excess cracking of primary reaction products. The two-stage reactor comprises a first stage reactor, in which solid biomass material is thermally pyrolyzed to primary reaction products. The primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage reactor.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE CONTAINING CATALYST COMPOSITION

Process for the preparation of an aluminium phosphate-containing composition wherein an aluminium source is converted partly to aluminium phosphate using a phosphorus-containing compound and partly to (i) an anionic clay and/or a Al-MII mixed metal (hydr)oxide using a divalent metal (MII) source, (ii) an aluminosilicate using a silicon source, and/or (iii) a MII- aluminosilicate using both a divalent metal source and a silicon source.

CATALYTIC HYDROPYROLYSIS OF ORGANOPHILIC BIOMASS

A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80°C and 300°C to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size from about 1 µ?? to about 1000 µ??. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid to form a suspension, wherein the liquid comprises bio-oil, wherein the suspension includes between 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a hydropyrolysis reactor; and at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CARBON-BASED ENERGY CARRIER MATERIAL

A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200 °C and 450 °C, preferably between 250 °C and 350 °C, thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed; In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200 °C.

PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

A process is disclosed for converting biomass to fuels and/or valuable chemicals. The process comprises the steps of a) activating biomass to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the biomass to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted biomass to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated biomass. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized biomass obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted biomass is subjected to step d).

BIO-OIL HAVING REDUCED MINERAL CONTENT, AND PROCESS FOR MAKING

A process is disclosed for converting a biomass material to a stabilized bio-oil. The process comprises converting the biomass to a pyrolytic oil having suspended therein particles of metal compounds, and removing at least part of the suspended metal compounds to obtain a stabilized bio-oil.

Use of cationic layered materials, compositions comprising these materials, and the preparation of cationic layered materials

Process for conversion of biomass in multi-zone reactor

A two-stage reactor is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor is designed to maximize conversion of the solid biomass material, while limiting excess cracking of primary reaction products. The two-stage reactor comprises a first stage rector, in which solid biomass material is thermally pyrolyzed to primary reaction products. The primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage reactor.

Process for converting carbon-based energy carrier material

A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200° C. and 450° C., preferably between 250° C. and 350° C., thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed; In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200° C.

IMPROVED CATALYST FOR THERMOCATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Catalyst compositions comprising a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, and methods for making and using same, are disclosed. More specifically, processes for making a catalyst for biomass conversion are provided. The process includes: treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with a phosphorous-containing compound to form a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component; preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder; and shaping the slurry into shaped bodies. Such catalysts can be used for the thermocatalytic conversion of particulate biomass to liquid products such as bio-oil, resulting in higher bio-oil yields and lower coke than conventional catalysts.

BIOMASS PRETREATMENT FOR FAST PYROLYSIS TO LIQUIDS

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY BIO-OIL IN HIGH YIELD

A process is disclosed for converting a particulate solid biomass material to a high quality bio-oil in high yield. The process comprises a pre-treatment step and a pyrolysis step. The pretreatment comprises a step of at least partially demineralizmg the solid biomass, and improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass. In a preferred embodiment the liquid pyrolysis product, is separated, into the bio-oil and an aqueous phase, and the aqueous phase is used, as a solvent in the demineralizatioii step and/or in the step of improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass.

Process for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and specialty chemicals

A process is disclosed for converting biomass to fuels and/or valuable chemicals. The process comprises the steps of a) activating biomass to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the biomass to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted biomass to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated biomass. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized biomass obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted biomass is subjected to step d).

USE OF CATIONIC LAYERED MATERIALS, COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THESE MATERIALS, AND THE PREPARATION OF CATIONIC LAYERED MATERIALS

Use of cationic layered materials in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking. Cationic layered materials are especially suitable for the reduction of Sox and Nox emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel. A new process is provided for the preparation of cationic layered materials, which process avoids the use of metal salts and does not require the formation of anionic clay as intermediate. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Use of cationic layered materials, compositions comprising these materials, and the preparation of cationic layered materials

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DOPED PENTASIL-TYPE ZEOLITES USING A DOPED REACTANT

FCC CATALYST FOR REDUCING THE SULFUR CONTENT IN GASOLINE AND DIESEL

Catalyst composition comprising 5-55 wt% metal-doped anionic clay, 10- 50 wt% zeolite, 5-40 wt% matrix alumina, 0-10 wt% silica, 0-10 wt% of other ingredients, and balance kaolin. In metal-doped anionic clays, the additive, i.e. the metal dopant, is distributed more homogeneously within the anionic clay than in impregnated anionic clays, without separate phases of additive being present. Hence, abrasion of this catalyst composition will result in microfines poorer in additive than the prior art composition. Furthermore, the catalyst composition according to the invention results in a higher reduction of sulfur in fuels such as gasoline and diesel than is the case in compositions comprising impregnated anionic clay. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Continuous process and apparatus for the efficient conversion of inorganic solid particles

The invention pertains to a continuous process for the conversion of inorganic solid starting particles which either are amorphous or possess a degree of order into inorganic solid product particles which (a) when the starting particles are amorphous, possess a degree of order, or (b) when the starting particles possess a degree of order, possess a different order, a different degree of order, or no order, which product particles are suitable for use in or as a catalyst, in or as a carrier, or in or as an adsorbent, in which process the starting particles are dispersed in a liquid thus forming a suspension. The suspension flows through at least two separate conversion vessels ( 3 ) which are connected in series and the suspension is agitated in each of these vessels ( 3 ). The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention. This invention allows the processing of suspension with a high Solids to Liquid Ratio.

CONTINUOUS PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF INORGANIC SOLID PARTICLES

Process for producing anionic clay using two types of alumina compounds

An economical and environment-friendly process for the synthesis of anionic clays with carbonate and/or hydroxide anions as the charge-balancing interlayer species is disclosed. The process involves reacting a slurry comprising an aluminum source and a magnesium source, the aluminum source comprising two types of aluminum-containing compounds, preferably aluminum trihydrate and/or thermally treated calcined aluminum trihydrate. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products.

Process for producing anionic clay using non-peptized boemite and compositions produced therefrom

An economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of anionic clays and the products made therefrom. It involves reacting a slurry comprising non-peptized boehmite with a magnesium source. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Biomass catalytic cracking catalyst and process of preparing the same

A process for producing catalyst for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. The process includes modifying a phyllosilicate to produce a modified phyllosilicate having an improved yield of a pyrolysis reaction. The modification of the phyllosilicate includes leaching the clay with an acid or basic solution to form a leached clay preparation, calcining the leached clay and contacting the treated clay with a suspension comprising metal ions for ion-exchange. The modified clay catalyst can then be mixed with inorganic materials such as zeolites and dried to form fluidizable microspheres.

Composition comprising a metal hydroxy salt, its preparation and use as catalyst or sorbent

A Composition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TREATMENT OF A MODIFIED BIOMASS

A process is disclosed for making a biomass susceptible to depolymerization or liquefaction under mild conditions. The process comprises introducing into the biomass a material susceptible to the absorption of electro-magnetic radiation to form a radiation absorbent biomass. The radiation absorbent biomass is subjected to electro-magnetic radiation to form an activated biomass.

VERWENDUNG VON KATIONISCHEN SCHICHTMATERIALIEN, ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN DIESER MATERIALIEN UND DIE HERSTELLUNG VON KATIONISCHEN SCHICHTMATERIALIEN

CATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT OLEFINS

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ANIONIC CLAY AND BOEHMITE-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS, COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING ANIONIC CLAY AND BOEHMITE AND CATALYSTS DERIVED THEREFROM

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of anionic clay and boehmite-containing compositions, to anionic clay and boehmite- containing compositions and to catalysts comprising such compositions. These compositions may also contain unreacted trivalent metal source and/or divalent metal source. The process involves subjecting a precursor mixture comprising a divalent metal source and a trivalent metal source to at least two aging steps, wherein at least once between two aging steps an aluminium source is added. An advantage of the invention is that the crystallinity of the boehmite in the composition can be tuned. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Process for the preparation of catalysts comprising a pentasil-type zeolite

A process for the preparation of a composition comprising a pentasil-type zeolite, which process comprises the following steps: a) hydrothermally treating an aqueous slurry comprising an aluminium source, a silicon source, a seeding material, and optionally a divalent metal source, thereby forming a pentasil-type zeolite and at least one other compound, and b) shaping the product of step a). Examples of the at least one other compound are anionic clay, cationic clay, Si-Al cogel, and (pseudo)boehmite.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON QUASI-KRISTALLINEN BOEHMITEN AUS PREISGÜNSTIGEN VORLÄUFERN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NICHT-ALUMINIUMENTHALTENDEN ANIONISCHEN MAGNESIUMTONERDEN

PREPARATION OF IRON COMPOUNDS BY HYDROTHERMAL CONVERSION

Biomass conversion process

Biomass Pretreatment for Fast Pyrolysis to Liquids

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A FLUIDIZABLE BIOMASS-CATALYST COMPOSITE MATERIAL

A process is disclosed for preparing fluidizable particles of a biomass/catalyst composite material. The process comprises the steps of (i) providing a particulate, solid biomass material; (ii) forming a composite of the biomass material and a catalytic material; (iii) subjecting the biomass material to a thermal treatment at a torrefaction temperature at or above 200° C., and low enough to avoid significant conversion of the biomass material to liquid conversion products; and (iv) forming fluidizable particles from the biomass material. Step (ii) may be carried out before or after step (iii). 1. A process for preparing a solid biomass material for a biocatalytic cracking process , said process for preparing comprising the steps of (i) providing a particulate , solid biomass material; (ii) forming a composite of said biomass material and a catalytic material; (iii) subjecting said biomass material to a thermal treatment at a torrefaction temperature at or above 200° C. , and low enough to avoid significant conversion of said biomass material to liquid conversion products; and (iv) forming fluidizable particles from said biomass material.2. The process of wherein step (ii) is carried out prior to step (iii).3. The process of wherein step (iii) is carried out prior to step (ii).4. The process of wherein step (iii) is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.5. The process of wherein step (iii) is carried out in a reducing gas atmosphere.6. The process of wherein said reducing gas atmosphere comprises carbon monoxide.7. The process of wherein said catalytic material is an acidic material.8. The process of wherein said catalytic material is a zeolite.9. The process of wherein said zeolite is ZSM-5.10. The process of wherein said catalytic material is a basic material.11. The process of wherein said catalytic material is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal oxides and hydroxides; alkali metal carbonates; earth alkaline metal oxides and hydroxides; earth ...

PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

A process is disclosed for converting biomass to fuels and/or valuable chemicals. The process comprises the steps of a) activating biomass to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the biomass to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted biomass to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated biomass. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized biomass obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted biomass is subjected to step d). 151-. (canceled)52. A process for converting biomass to bio-oil , the process comprising:(a) mixing biomass and at least one inorganic material having catalytic properties, wherein the at least one inorganic material includes a kaolin, an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, a zeolite, or a mixture of any two or more of the foregoing; and(b) converting at least a portion of the biomass to bio-oil.53. The process of claim 52 , wherein the at least one inorganic material includes a kaolin selected from the group consisting of: dealuminated kaolin claim 52 , acid leached kaolin claim 52 , calcined kaolin claim 52 , and a combination thereof.54. The process of claim 52 , wherein the at least one inorganic material includes a zeolite.55. The process of claim 54 , wherein the at least one inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of: zeolite X claim 54 , zeolite REY claim 54 , zeolite RE-USY claim 54 , zeolite Y claim 54 , zeolite USY claim 54 , dealuminated USY zeolite claim 54 , zeolite ZSM-5 claim 54 , beta zeolite claim 54 , a silicalite claim 54 , and a mixture of any two or more of the foregoing.56. The process of claim 55 , wherein the at least one inorganic material includes ZSM-5.57. The process of claim 56 , wherein the at least one inorganic material includes a mixture of ZSM-5 and dealuminated kaolin.58. The process of claim 56 , ...

Biomass Pretreatment for Fast Pyrolysis to Liquids

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 1. A method for producing an organic liquid product from a solid biomass , the method comprising:(a) pre-processing the solid biomass to produce a modified solid biomass, wherein the step of pre-processing comprises demineralization, solvent explosion, heat treatment or any combination of any of the foregoing;(b) contacting the pre-processed biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product to form a pre-treated biomass, wherein the inorganic material is aluminum sulfate, ammonium hydroxide, or any combination of any of the foregoing; and(c) subjecting the solid pre-treated biomass to a pyrolysis reaction in the presence of the inorganic material to produce the organic liquid product.2. The method of wherein in the step of pre-processing the solid biomass is subjected to demineralization and wherein the demineralization comprises(i) contacting the solid biomass with a solvent to produce a swelled biomass;(ii) removing at least part of the solvent from the swelled biomass; and(iii) optionally repeating the steps of contacting and removing.3. The method of wherein the demineralization reduces ash content of the biomass to less than 10 wt %.4. The method of wherein in the step of pre-processing claim 1 , the solid biomass is subjected to solvent explosion and wherein the solvent is ammonia claim 1 , water or carbon dioxide.5. The method ...

Phyllosilicate-Based Compositions and Methods of Making the Same for Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass

A process for producing catalyst for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. The process includes modifying a phyllosilicate to produce a modified phyllosilicate having an improved yield of a pyrolysis reaction. The modification of the phyllosilicate includes leaching the clay with an acid or basic solution to form a leached clay preparation, calcining the leached clay and contacting the treated clay with a suspension comprising metal ions for ion-exchange. The modified clay catalyst can then be mixed with inorganic materials such as zeolites and dried to form fluidizable microspheres. 1. A biomass catalytic cracking catalyst produced by the steps comprising: i. leaching the phyllosilicate to form a leached phyllosilicate preparation;', 'ii. calcining the leached phyllosilicate preparation forming a treated phyllosilicate;', 'iii. contacting the treated phyllosilicate with a suspension comprising metal ions forming a modified phyllosilicate;, 'a. modifying a phyllosilicate to produce a modified phyllosilicate having an improved yield when used in a biomass pyrolysis reaction, wherein the step of modifying comprisesb. mixing the modified phyllosilicate with inorganic materials forming a mixture; andc. shaping the mixture into fluidizable microspheres.228-. (canceled)29. A process to produce a biomass catalytic cracking catalyst comprising: (i) leaching the phyllosilicate to form a leached phyllosilicate preparation;', '(ii) calcining the leached phyllosilicate preparation forming a treated phyllosilicate;', '(iii) contacting the treated phyllosilicate with a suspension comprising metal ions forming a modified phyllosilicate;, 'a. modifying a phyllosilicate to produce a modified phyllosilicate having an improved yield when used in a pyrolysis reaction, wherein the step of modifying comprisesb. mixing the modified phyllosilicate with inorganic materials forming a mixture; andc. shaping the mixture into fluidizable microspheres.30. The process of wherein the ...

FCC Catalyst, Its Preparation And Use

Process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising clay, zeolite, a sodium-free silica source, quasi-crystalline boehmite, and micro-crystalline boehmite, provided that the slurry does not comprise peptised quasi-crystalline boehmite, (b) adding a monovalent acid to the slurry, (c) adjusting the pH of the slurry to a value above 3, and (d) shaping the slurry to form particles. This process results in attrition resistant catalysts with a good accessibility. 1. A process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising the steps of:a) preparing a slurry comprising clay, zeolite, polysilicic acid, quasi-crystalline boehmite, and micro-crystalline boehmite, provided that the slurry does not comprise peptised quasi-crystalline boehmite,b) adding a monovalent acid to the slurry,c) adjusting the pH of the slurry to a value above 3, andd) shaping the slurry to form particles.2. A catalyst composition comprising micro-crystalline boehmite , quasi-crystalline boehmite , zeolite , clay and silica. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst, catalysts obtainable by this process, and their use in, e.g., fluid catalytic cracking (FCC).A common challenge in the design and production of heterogeneous catalysts is to find a good compromise between the effectiveness and/or accessibility of the active sites and the effectiveness of the immobilising matrix in giving the catalyst particles sufficient physical strength, i.e. attrition resistance.The preparation of attrition resistant catalysts is disclosed in several prior art documents. U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,187 discloses a process for the preparation of an attrition resistant catalyst by spray-drying an aqueous slurry prepared by mixing (i) a faujasite zeolite with a sodium content of less than 5 wt % with (ii) kaolin, (iii) peptised pseudoboehmite, and (iv) ammonium polysilicate.The attrition resistant catalysts according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,206,085 are ...

Improved Process for Converting Carbon-Based Energy Carrier Material

A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200° C. and 450° C., preferably between 250° C. and 350° C., thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed. In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200° C. 1. A process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products , said process comprising the steps of:a) sensitizing the carbon-based energy carrier material to produce a sensitized material, wherein the step of sensitizing is carried out in a first reactor;b) contacting the sensitized material with a particulate catalyst material;c) converting the sensitized material at a reaction temperature between 200° C. and 450° C., thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase, wherein the step of converting is carried out in a second reactor;d) separating at least a portion of the reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after the reaction products are formed; ande) optionally quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200° C.2. The process of wherein said sensitizing in step a) comprises contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a portion of the reaction products from step c).3. The process of wherein said sensitizing in step a) comprises intimately contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a portion of the ...

Catalyst Compositions for Use in a Two-Stage Reactor Assembly Unit for the Thermolysis and Catalytic Conversion of Biomass

Aspects of the invention relate to a catalyst system for the conversion of biomass material. In an exemplary embodiment, the catalyst system has a specific combined mesoporous and macroporous surface area in the range of from about 1 m/g to about 100 m/g. The catalyst system can be used in a two-stage reactor assembly unit for the catalytic thermoconversion of biomass material wherein the thermolysis process and the catalytic conversion process are optimally conducted separately. 1. A dual function catalyst system for use in thermolysis and catalytic cracking of biomass material , the catalyst system comprising a matrix , a densifier and a catalytically active material , wherein the catalyst system has a specific combined mesoporous and macroporous surface area in the range from about 1 m/g to about 100 m/g.2. The catalyst system of wherein the matrix comprises a clay mineral.3. The catalyst system of wherein the clay is a calcined clay claim 1 , a metal doped clay claim 1 , an acid leached clay claim 1 , a base-leached clay claim 1 , a delaminated clay claim 1 , a dealuminated clay claim 1 , a desilicated clay or combinations thereof.4. The catalyst system of wherein catalytically active material comprises a zeolite claim 1 , a phosphated zeolite claim 1 , a metal oxide claim 1 , metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal hydroxyl-carbonate claim 1 , metal phosphate or combinations thereof.5. The catalyst system of wherein the zeolite is a MFI zeolite claim 4 , a Faujasite type zeolite or combinations thereof.6. The catalyst system of wherein the catalytically active material comprises a spinel form of the metal or a refractory form of the metal.7. The catalyst system of wherein the densifier comprises an alpha alumina claim 1 , a silica claim 1 , inert oxides of transition metals claim 1 , refractory clay claim 1 , mullite claim 1 , calcined diatomite or combinations thereof.8. The catalyst system of further comprising a binder.9. The catalyst ...

HYBRID SILICA AND ALUMINA AS CATALYST MATRIX AND/OR BINDER IN BIOMASS CONVERSION CATALYSTS AND BIO-OIL UPGRADING

The invention relates to catalyst compositions and components thereof for use in a catalytic process, and more particularly in a catalytic pyrolysis process or gasification of solid biomass material. In one aspect, a catalyst component is provided. The catalyst component includes a hybrid silica-alumina having a controlled Lewis acidity, and having a controlled porosity providing optimized accessibility for reactants. 1. A catalyst component , comprising hybrid silica-alumina having a controlled Lewis acidity , and having a controlled porosity providing optimized accessibility for reactants.2. The catalyst component of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst component is a catalyst matrix material.3. The catalyst component of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst component is a catalyst binder providing structural strength and attrition resistance to a catalyst composition.4. The catalyst component of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid silica-alumina is one or more of silica doped alumina claim 1 , alumina doped silica claim 1 , silicoaluminate claim 1 , and any mixture thereof.5. The catalyst component of claim 4 , wherein the silica doped alumina includes alumina particles and silica claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of the silica is distributed in pores in the alumina particles.6. The catalyst component of claim 4 , wherein the silica doped alumina includes alumina particles and silica claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of the silica is doped on a surface of the alumina particles.7. The catalyst component of claim 4 , wherein the alumina doped silica includes alumina and silica claim 4 , wherein the alumina is dispersed and doped on a surface of the silica.8. The catalyst component of claim 4 , wherein the silicoaluminate includes alumina and silica claim 4 , wherein the alumina is atomically dispersed in matrices in the silica.9. The catalyst component of claim 1 , wherein the controlled Lewis acidity includes suppressed density of Lewis acid sites in the hybrid silica-alumina. ...

PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS WITH CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

A composition of matter is disclosed comprising an intimate mixture of a particulate solid biomass material and a carbonaceous material. The composition is suitable for conversion to a bio-oil in a pyrolysis reaction. The carbonaceous material acts as a reducing agent during the pyrolysis reaction. The composition of matter produces bio-oil in a greater yield than prior art processes. The bio-oil is of improved quality, as evidenced by its low TAN value. 1. A composition of matter comprising an intimate mixture of a particulate solid biomass material and a carbonaceous material.2. The composition of matter of consisting essentially of the intimate mixture of the particulate solid biomass material and the carbonaceous material.3. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of coal claim 1 , coke claim 1 , char claim 1 , tar claim 1 , bio-oil claim 1 , municipal solid waste claim 1 , synthetic polymers claim 1 , rubber claim 1 , hydrocarbons claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material has an oxygen content of less than 20 wt %.5. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material has a hydrogen content of at least 4 wt %.6. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material has an oxygen content of less than 10 wt % and a hydrogen content of at least 10 wt %.7. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material is a solid.8. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material comprises hard coke.9. The composition of matter of wherein the hard coke is deposited on heated carrier particles or catalyst particles10. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material comprises soft coke.11. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material comprises rubber.12. The composition of matter of wherein the carbonaceous material comprises a by-product or waste product of a ...

Mesoporous Zeolite-Containing Catalysts For The Thermoconversion Of Biomass And For Upgrading Bio-Oils

Processes for making a catalytic system and catalytic systems for converting solid biomass into fuel of specialty chemical products are described. The catalyst system may comprise a non-zeolitic matrix and an in situ grown zeolite, such as MFI-type zeolite, with a meso-micro hierarchical pore structure. In some embodiments, the non-zeolitic matrix has a meso-macro hierarchical pore structure. 151-. (canceled)52. A composition for the conversion of biomass comprising:a. a catalyst system comprising a zeolite having a high silica to aluminum ratio and a hierarchical pore structure with pores having a size ranging from about 5 to 20 angstrom, a non-zeolitic matrix with a macroporosity from about 100 to about 5,000 angstrom pore size range, and a binder; and{'sup': '14', 'b. a feedstock having a carbon C isotope content of about 107 pMC.'}53. The composition of wherein the zeolite is MFI claim 52 , beta zeolite or mixtures thereof.54. The composition of wherein the matrix comprises silica claim 52 , alumina claim 52 , silica-alumina claim 52 , transitional metal oxide or a combination thereof.55. The composition of wherein the feedstock is a particulated biomass claim 52 , or is a product derived from pyrolysis of biomass.56. The composition of wherein the feedstock is a bio-oil vapor or a bio-oil.57. A process for upgrading bio-oil vapors claim 52 , the process comprising heating the bio-oil vapors in presence of the catalyst system claim 52 , the catalyst system comprising a zeolite having a hierarchical pore structure ranging from 5 to 20 angstrom pore size claim 52 , a non-zeolitic matrix with a hierarchical pore structure ranging from about 100 to about 5 claim 52 ,000 angstrom pore size claim 52 , and a binder.58128-. (canceled)129. A catalyst system comprising in situ crystallized zeolite having a hierarchical pore structure ranging from 20 to 1 claim 52 ,000 Angstrom pore size claim 52 , a non-zeolitic matrix having a hierarchical pore structure ranging from 50 ...

Catalyst Compositions Comprising In Situ Grown Zeolites on Clay Matrixes Exhibiting Hierarchical Pore Structures

A process for making a catalytic system for converting solid biomass into fuel of specialty chemical products is disclosed. The process includes preparing a slurry precursor mixture by mixing an aluminosilicate clay material with a pore regulating agent and optionally a binder, shaping the mixture into shaped bodies; removing the pore regulating agent to form porous shaped bodies, preparing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising the porous shaped bodies in presence of a zeolite seeding material, and thermally treating the aqueous reaction mixture to form the catalyst system. The catalyst system can comprise, for example, a MFI-type zeolite. 1. A method of making a biomass catalytic cracking catalyst system , the method comprising the steps of:a. preparing a slurry precursor mixture by mixing an aluminosilicate clay material with a pore regulating agent and optionally a binder;b. shaping the mixture into shaped bodies;c. removing the pore regulating agent to form porous shaped bodies;d. preparing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising the porous shaped bodies in presence of a seeding material;e. thermally treating the aqueous reaction mixture to form the catalyst system; andf. contacting the catalyst system with biomass particles.2. The method of wherein the pore regulating agent is removed by calcination.3. The method of further comprising calcining the catalyst system before the contacting step.4. The method of further comprising contacting the catalyst system with biomass-derived oils.5. The method of further comprising contacting the catalyst system with bio-oil or bio-oil vapors.6. The method of further comprising leaching the porous shaped bodies.7. The method of wherein the step of leaching includes treating the porous shaped bodies with an acid to remove at least part of the alumina content.8. The method of wherein the step of leaching includes treating the porous shaped bodies with a base to remove at least part of the silica content.9. The method of wherein ...

REFRACTORY MIXED-METAL OXIDES AND SPINEL COMPOSITIONS FOR THERMO-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

A process for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. More specifically, the process is in presence of is a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (XO).(XO).(XYO) wherein X, Xand Xare alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof, wherein the catalyst is formed by calcining at least one compound comprising at least one alkaline earth element and a metal element. 1. A method of forming a catalyst system , the method comprising:(a) combining one or more compounds comprising an element selected from the group including alkaline earth element X and a metal element Y, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and combinations thereof, and Y is selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P, Ti, Zn and combinations thereof,(b) mixing the one or more compounds to form a mixture; and(c) calcining the mixture thereby forming a catalyst system,{'sub': 1', '2', 'a', '3', 'b', '4', '1', '2', '3, 'wherein the catalyst system comprises a composition represented by the formula (XO).(XO).(XYO), wherein X, Xand Xare alkaline earth elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and wherein a is 0 or 1 and b is 0, 1 or 2.'}2. A method of forming a catalyst system , the method comprising:(a) combining one or more compounds comprising an element selected from the group including alkaline earth element X and a metal element Y, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and combinations thereof, and Y is selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P, Ti, Zn and combinations thereof, and{'sub': 1', '2', 'a', '3', 'b', '4', '1', '2', '3, '(b) precipitating the one or more compounds, thereby forming a catalyst system, wherein the catalyst system comprises a composition represented by the ...

TWO-STAGE REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF SOLID BIOMASS MATERIAL

A two-stage reactor is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor is designed to maximize conversion of the solid biomass material, while limiting excess cracking of primary reaction products. The two-stage reactor comprises a first stage rector, in which solid biomass material is thermally pyrolyzed to primary reaction products. The primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage reactor. 1. A two-stage reactor for the conversion of a solid particulate biomass material , the two-stage reactor comprising:(i) a first stage reactor in which at least part of the particulate solid biomass material is subjected to a pyrolysis reaction, thereby to form primary reaction products; and(ii) a second stage reactor in which at least part of the primary reaction products are subjected to a catalytic conversion reaction, thereby to form secondary reaction products, wherein said second stage reactor is in fluid communication with said first stage reactor.2. The two-stage reactor according to wherein the first stage reactor and the second stage reactor each have an internal diameter claim 1 , and wherein the internal diameter of the second stage reactor is substantially less than the internal diameter of the first stage reactor.3. The two-stage reactor according to further comprising a regenerator for forming regenerated catalyst particles.4. The two-stage reactor of wherein the first stage reactor is a circulating fluidized bed reactor claim 1 , an ebullated bed reactor or an entrained fluid bed reactor.5. The two stage reactor of wherein the second stage reactor is an entrained fluid bed reactor.6. The two-stage reactor of wherein the second stage reactor is provided with an injector for injecting a particulate solid catalyst.7. The two-stage reactor of wherein the first stage reactor has an internal diameter d claim 1 , the second stage reactor has an internal diameter d claim 1 , and wherein the ratio d:dis in the ...

CATALYST FOR THERMOCATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Catalyst compositions comprising a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, and methods for making and using same, are disclosed. More, specifically, processes for making a catalyst for biomass conversion are provided. The process includes: treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with a phosphorous-containing compound to form a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component; preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder; and shaping the slurry into shaped bodes. Such catalysts can be used for the Thermocatalytic conversion of particulate biomass to liquid products such as bio-oil, resulting in higher bio-oil yields and lower coke than conventional catalysts. 1. A process for making a catalyst for biomass conversion , the process comprising:(a) treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with a phosphorous-containing compound to form a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component;(b) preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, and(c) shaping the slurry into shaped bodies.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , the phosphorous-containing compound is phosphoric acid.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component has a pH value of about 3.5.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , prior to step (b) claim 1 , calcining the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising calcining the shaped bodies.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (b) claim 1 , the silica-containing binder comprises kaolin claim 1 , silicic acid claim 1 , polysilicic acid claim 1 , silica gel claim 1 , or any combination thereof.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (b) claim 1 , the silica-containing binder is derived from silicic acid claim 1 , sodium silicate claim 1 , silica gel claim 1 , or any combination thereof.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising washing the ...

Catalyst Composition With Increased Bulk Active Site Accessibility For The Catalytic Thermoconversion Of Biomass To Liquid Fuels And Chemicals And For Upgrading Bio-Oils

Processes for making a catalytic system and catalytic systems for converting solid biomass into fuel or specialty chemical products, or for upgrading bio-oils are described. The catalyst system may comprise a non-zeolitic matrix with a hierarchical pore structure ranging from 300 to about 10 4 Angstrom pore size, a zeolite, such as MFI-type or IM-5 zeolite, and a binder.

FCC CATALYST, ITS PREPARATION AND USE

Process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising clay, zeolite, a sodium-free silica source, quasi-crystalline boehmite, and micro-crystalline boehmite, provided that the slurry does not comprise peptised quasi-crystalline boehmite, (b) adding a monovalent acid to the slurry, (c) adjusting the pH of the slurry to a value above 3, and (d) shaping the slurry to form particles. This process results in attrition resistant catalysts with a good accessibility. 1. A process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'a) preparing a slurry comprising 5 to 70 wt % clay with less than 0.1 wt % NaO, 10 to 70 wt % zeolite, 1 to 35 wt % a sodium-free silica source, 1 to 50 wt % non-peptised quasi-crystalline boehmite having a (020) reflection with a full width at half height (FWHH) of 1.5° or greater than 1.5° 28, and 1 to 50 wt % micro-crystalline boehmite having a (020) reflection with a full width at half height (FWHH) of smaller than 1.5° 28, provided that the slurry does not comprise peptised quasi-crystalline boehmite, wherein the solids content of the slurry is between 10 and 30 wt %,'}b) adding a monovalent acid to the slurry sufficient to obtain a pH lower than 7,c) adjusting the pH of the slurry to a value above 3, andd) spray drying the slurry to form particles wherein the inlet temperature of the spray dryer is between 300 to 600° C. and the outlet temperature is between about 105 to 200° C.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the slurry contains 5 to 50 wt % of quasi-crystalline boehmite claim 1 , and 1 to 20 wt % of micro-crystalline boehmite.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the slurry contains 15 to 35 wt % zeolite claim 1 , 10 to 50 wt % clay and 4 to 18 wt % sodium-free silicon source4. The process of claim 1 , wherein at step c) the pH is adjusted to between 2 and 5.5. A catalyst composition comprising clay claim 1 , zeolite claim 1 , a sodium-free silica source claim 1 , quasi and ...

Attrition resistant zeolitic catalyst

Attrition resistant zeolitic catalysts containing silica, alumina and clay components.

Continuous process and apparatus for the efficient conversion of inorganic solid particles

The invention pertains to a continuous process for the conversion of inorganic solid starting particles which either are amorphous or possess a degree of order into inorganic solid product particles which when the starting particles are amorphous, possess a degree of order, or when the starting particles possess a degree of order, possess a different order, a different degree of order, or no order, which product particles are suitable for use in or as a catalyst, in or as a carrier, or in or as an adsorbent, in which process the starting particles are dispersed in a liquid thus forming a suspension. The suspension flows through at least two separate conversion vessels ( 3 ) which are connected in series and the suspension is agitated in each of these vessels ( 3 ). The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention. This invention allows the processing of suspension with a high Solids to Liquid Ratio. The conversion vessels are decoupled by one or more of the process conditions in one or more of the conversion vessels differing from those in the other vessel or vessels.

Continuous process and apparatus for the efficient conversion of inorganic solid particles

The invention pertains to a continuous process for the conversion of inorganic solid starting particles which either are amorphous or possess a degree of order into inorganic solid product particles which a) when the starting particles are amorphous, possess a degree of order, or b) when the starting particles posses a degree of order, possess a different order, a different degree of order, or no order, which product particles are suitable for use in or as a catalyst, in or as a carrier, or in or as an adsorbent, in which process the starting particles are dispersed in a liquid thus forming a suspension, characterized in that the suspension flows through at least two separate conversion vessels (3) which are connected in series and in that the suspension is agitated in each of these vessels (3). The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention. This invention allows the processing of suspension with a high Solids to Liquid Ratio.

Process for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and specialty chemicals

A process is disclosed for converting biomass to fuels and/or valuable chemicals. The process comprises the steps of a) activating biomass to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the biomass to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted biomass to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated biomass. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized biomass obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted biomass is subjected to step d).

Improved process for converting carbon-based energy carrier material

A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200 °C and 450 °C, preferably between 250 °C and 350 °C, thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed; In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200 °C.

Catalytic pyrolysis of fine particulate biomass, and method for reducing the particle size of solid biomass particles

A process is disclosed for converting a particulate biomass material to a bioliquid. In the process the biomass material is mixed with a heat transfer medium and a catalytic material, and heated to a temperature in the range of from 150 to 600°C. The particle size of the solid biomass may be reduced by abrasion in admixture with inorganic particles under agitation by a gas. The biomass particles of reduced size obtained in the abrasion process may be converted to bioliquid in any of a number of conversion processes.

Process for the production of bio-oil

reator em duas etapas e processo de conversão do material de biomassa sólida

Catalytic hydropyrolysis of organophilic biomass

Methods for Co-Processing of Biomass and Petroleum Feed

A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80° C. to 400° C. to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size between 1 μm and 1000 μm. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension, wherein the suspension includes from 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a unit selected from the group consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, a fluid catalytic cracking unit, a delayed coker, a fluid coker, a hydroprocessing unit, and a hydrocracking unit, and then at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.

Biomass pretreatment for fast pyrolysis to liquids

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

Two-stage reactor and process for conversion of solid biomass material

A two-stage reactor is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor is designed to maximize conversion of the solid biomass material, while limiting excess cracking of primary reaction products. The two-stage reactor comprises a first stage reactor, in which solid biomass material is thermally pyrolyzed to primary reaction products. The primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage reactor.

Methods for co-processing of biomass and petroleum feed

A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80° C. to 400° C. to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size between 1 μm and 1000 μm. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension, wherein the suspension includes from 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a unit selected from the group consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, a fluid catalytic cracking unit, a delayed coker, a fluid coker, a hydroprocessing unit, and a hydrocracking unit, and then at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.

Biomass pretreatment for fast pyrolysis to liquids

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

Process for producing anionic clay using boehmite

This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of anionic clays. It involves reacting a slurry comprising boehmite with a magnesium source. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Process for producing anionic clay using boehmite which has been peptized with an acid

This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of anionic clays. It involves reacting a slurry comprising boehmite, which has been peptized with acid with a divalent metal source followed by addition of source of base. The slurry is then hydrothermally aged. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product and it can be spray dried directly to form microspheres, or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, polymeric nanocomposites and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Composition comprising a metal hydroxy salt, its preparation and use as catalyst or sorbent

Composition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.

Cracking catalyst and method of producing the same

This invention relates to exchanged ammoniated cogels having improved catalytic activity and process for producing the same.

FCC catalyst for reducing the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel

A catalyst composition comprising about 5–55 wt % metal-doped anionic clay, about 10–50 wt % zeolite, about 5–40 wt % matrix alumina, about 0–10 wt % silica, about 0–10 wt % of other ingredients, and balance kaolin. In metal-doped anionic clays, the additive, i.e. the metal dopant, is distributed more homogeneously within the anionic clay than in impregnated anionic clays, without separate phases of additive being present. Hence, abrasion of this catalyst composition will result in microfines poorer in additive than the prior art composition. Furthermore, the catalyst composition according to the invention results in a higher reduction of sulfur in fuels such as gasoline and diesel than is the case in compositions comprising impregnated anionic clay.

Process for conversion and size reduction of solid particles

A combined process for the conversion of solid starting particles into solid intermediate particles and reducing the median diameter of the intermediate particles to obtain product particles. This process involves flowing a suspension of starting particles through a series of at least two conversion vessels, thereby converting at least part of the starting particles into intermediate particles, adding a supercritical fluid to one or more of the conversion vessels, thereby forming a supercritical suspension, and releasing pressure from the supercritical suspension, thereby expanding the suspension and converting the intermediate particles into product particles.

Process for the preparation of doped pentasil-type zeolite using doped seeds

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of doped pentasiltype zeolite, which process comprises the steps of: a) preparing an aqueous precursor mixture from a silicon source, an aluminium source, and doped non-zeolitic seeds, and b) thermally treating the precursor mixture to form a doped pentasil-type zeolite. The term "non-zeolitic seeds" includes seeds made from materials selected from the group consisting of (i) X-ray amorphous materials, (ii) milled crystalline materials, such as milled zeolites, that have a relative crystallinity of not more than 75%, and (iii) crystalline materials other than zeolites, such as clays (e,g, bentonite and kaolin) and (low) crystalline aluminas.

Process for producing an anionic clay-containing composition

This patent describes an economical and environment-friendly continuous process for the synthesis of anionic clay-containing compositions. It involves reacting a slurry comprising aluminium trihydrate and/or its calcined form, with a magnesium source. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products.

Attrition resistant, shaped, crystalline mg-al-si-containing clay-containing bodies

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of crystalline Mg-Al-Si-containing clay-containing bodies from sources comprising an aluminium source, a magnesium source, and a silicon source, comprising the steps of: a) preparing a precursor mixture; b) shaping the precursor mixture to obtain shaped bodies; c) optionally thermally treating the shaped bodies; and d) aging to obtain crystalline Mg-Al-Si-containing clay-containing bodies. The quintessence of the present invention is that the bodies are shaped prior to the forming of the crystalline clay in said bodies. This results in very attrition resistant bodies, without the need to add a binder material. The crystalline clay is formed from an aluminium source, a magnesium source, and, a silicon source. If only an aluminium source and a magnesium source are present, hydrotalcite is formed. If an aluminium source, a magnesium source, and a silicon source are present, saponite or montmorillonite is formed.

Process for converting biomass to a fuel

Catalyst compositions comprising a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, and methods for making and using same, are disclosed. More specifically, processes for making a catalyst for biomass conversion are provided. The process includes: treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with a phosphorous-containing compound to form a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component; preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder; and shaping the slurry into shaped bodies. Such catalysts can be used for the thermocatalytic conversion of particulate biomass to liquid products such as bio-oil, resulting in higher bio-oil yields and lower coke than conventional catalysts.

Process for upgrading liquid hydrocarbon feeds

Process for upgrading a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising the hydrocarbon feed having a boiling range above 350°C and solid particles comprising a rehydratable material, (b) thermally treating said slurry at a temperature in the range of 250 to 550°C, (c) optionally separating the thermally treated slurry into ( I) a lower boiling fraction and (ii) a higher boiling fraction containing the solid particles and formed coke, if any, and (d) separating the solid particles and formed coke, if any, from the thermally treated slurry resulting from step b) or the higher boiling fraction of step c).

Use of cationic layered materials, compositions comprising these materials, and the preparation of cationic layered materials

Novel compositions of matter comprising a cationic layered material and a second compound. The second compound has a reflection in its XRD pattern at 18.5 degrees two-theta, and s second reflection at 29 degrees two-theta. The composition of matter may be used in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing. The materials are especially suitable for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF QUASI-CRYSTAL BOEHMITES

Process for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and specialty chemicals

A process is disclosed for converting biomass to fuels and/or valuable chemicals. The process comprises the steps of a) activating biomass to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the biomass to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted biomass to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated biomass. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized biomass obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted biomass is subjected to step d).

Composition for reducing Ox emissions in FCC regeneration process

A composition comprising FCC catalyst particles and additive particles suitable for the reduction of NO x emissions from a FCC regenerator, said additive particles comprising a Mg and Al-containing anionic clay or solid solution, a rare earth metal oxide, alumina and/or silica-alumina, and Y-type zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composition and its use for reducing NO x emissions.

Process for producing al-containing non-mg-anionic clay

This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Al-containing non-Mg anionic clays. It involves hydrothermally reacting a slurry comprising a divalent metals source with an aluminum source to directly obtain Al-containing non-Mg anionic clay, the Al source being aluminum trihydrate or its thermally treated form. There is no neces-sity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Composition for reducing nox emissions in fcc regeneration process

A composition comprising FCC catalyst particles and additive particles suitable for the reduction of NOx emissions from a FCC regenerator, said additive particles comprising a Mg and Al-containing anionic clay or solid solution, a rare earth metal oxide, alumina and/or silica-alumina, and Y-type zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composition and its use for reducing NOx emissions.

Composition comprising a metal hydroxy salt, its preparation and use as catalyst or sorbent

Composition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.

Process for producing anionic clays using magnesium acetate

This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of anionic clays and anionic clay-like materials with acetate anions as the charge-balancing interlayer species. It involves combining a slurry of a gibbsite or its thermally treated form with a slurry or solution of a magnesium source and magnesium acetate. The product is not washed, needs no filtration and exists in a close to neutral pH condition. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. Because of the absence of foreign salts the product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Moisture sensing method and apparatus

Composition comprising a metal hydroxy salt, its preparation and use as catalyst or sorbent

Composition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.

Dry element

Comminution and densification of biomass particles

A method is disclosed for reducing the mechanical strength of solid biυmass material, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass The method comprises heating the solid biomass material Io a temperature in the range of 105 0 C to 200 0 C. The heat treatment, which is referred to as "toasting", significantly reduces the mechanical energy required for reducing the particle size of the solid biomass material. The method is particularly suitable as a pretreatmemt step to a conversion reaction of the solid biomass material

Doped anionic clays

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a doped anionic clay. In said process a trivalent metal source is reacted with a divalent metal source, at least one of the metal sources being either doped boehmite, doped MgO or doped brucite, to obtain a doped anionic clay. Suitable dopants are compounds containing elements selected from the group of alkaline earth metals (for instance Ca and Ba), alkaline metals, transition metals (for example Co, Mn, Fe, Ti, Zr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mo, W, V, Sn), actinides, rare earth metals such as La, Ce, and Nd, noble metals such as Pt and Pd, silicon, gallium, boron, titanium, and phosphorus.

Modification of biomass for efficient conversion to fuels

process for the preparation of doped pentasil-like zeolites using a doped reagent.

Selective catalytic thermoconversion of biomass and bio-oils

A process is disclosed for the catalytic conversion of solid biomass to bio-oil. In a first step, solid biomass is converted to bio-crude in the presence of a basic catalyst In a second step the bio-crude is subjected to catalytic cracking in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The first step and the second step may be carried out simultaneously or sequentially. The process produces bio-oil of high quality, as evidenced by its low Total Acid Number (TAN).

Biomass conversion process

A method for converting solid biomass into hydrocarbons includes contacting the solid biomass with a catalyst in a first riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. to thereby produce a first biomass-catalyst mixture and a first product comprising hydrocarbons; a) separating the first product from the first biomass-catalyst mixture; c) charging the first biomass-catalyst mixture to a second riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 400° C. to thereby produce a second biomass-catalyst mixture and a second product comprising hydrocarbons; d) separating the second product from the second biomass-catalyst mixture; e) charging the second biomass-catalyst mixture to a third riser operated at a temperature greater than about 450° C. to thereby produce a spent catalyst and a third product comprising hydrocarbons; and f) separating the third effluent from the spent catalyst.

Refractory mixed-metal oxides and spinel compositions for thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass

A process for biomass catalytic cracking is described herein. More specifically, the process comprises heating the cellulosic biomass to a conversion temperature in presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (X 1 O).(X 2 O) a .(X 3 Y b O 4 ), wherein X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba , and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof.

Process for the preparation of anionic clay and boehmite-containing compositions

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of anionic clay and boehmite-containing compositions. These compositions may also contain unreacted trivalent metal source and/or divalent metal source. The process involves subjecting a precursor mixture comprising a divalent metal source and a trivalent metal source to at least two aging steps, wherein at least once between two aging steps an aluminum source is added. An advantage of the invention is that the crystallinity of the boehmite in the composition can be tuned.

Attrition resistant, shaped, crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies from sources comprising an aluminium source and a magnesium source comprising the steps of: a) preparing a precursor mixture, b) shaping the precursor mixture to obtain shaped bodies, c) optionally thermally treating the shaped bodies, and d) ageing to obtain crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies. The quintessence of the present invention is that the bodies are shaped prior to the forming of the crystalline anionic clay in said bodies. This results in very attrition resistant bodies, without the need to add a binder material.

Quasi-crystalline hydrated magnesium-aluminium hydroxy carboxylates, their preparation and their use

The present invention provides new compositions of matter, referred to as quasi-crystalline carboxylates (QCCs), their preparation and use. The materials comprise a quasi-crystalline hydrated magnesium-aluminium hydroxy carboxylate and are characterised by the presence of at least a strong reflection in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at a basal spacing in the range of 5 to 15 .ANG.. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the QCCs, Mg-Al solid solutions and anionic clays under acidic conditions. The QCC is prepared by aging an acidic mixture of a magnesium carboxylate and an aluminium source. Calcination of the QCC results in a Mg- Al solid solution; rehydration of this solid solution gives an anionic clay.</S DOAB>

Composition for reducing ox emissions in fcc regeneration process

A composition comprising FCC catalyst particles and additive particles suitable for the reduction of NOx emissions from a FCC regenerator, said additive particles comprising a Mg and Al-containing anionic clay or solid solution, a rare earth metal oxide, alumina and/or silica-alumina, and Y-type zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composition and its use for reducing NOx emissions.

Process for producing al-containing non-mg-anionic clay

This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Al-containing non-Mg anionic clays. It involves hydrothermally reacting a slurry comprising a divalent metals source with an aluminum source to directly obtain Al-containing non-Mg anionic clay, the Al source being aluminum trihydrate or its thermally treated form. There is no neces-sity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Catalyst for the production of light olefins

The invention comprises a catalyst composition comprising a pentasil-type zeolite, one or more solid acidic promoters and optionally a filler and/or binder, methods for making the catalyst composition and a process for using the catalyst in the manufacture of olefins.

biomass pretreatment for rapid pyrolysis in liquids

Process for biomass pretreatment

Process for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and specialty chemicals

Disclosed is a hydrothermal treatment process for conversion of a carbon-based energy carrier material. The process comprises a step for sensitizing or activating the carbon based energy carrier material to increase its susceptibility to hydrothermal conversion. As a result of the sensitization step, the hydrothermal conversion step itself may be carried out under relatively mild conditions. The process comprises the steps of sensitizing the carbon-based energy carrier material to increase its susceptibility to hydrothermal conversion; and subjecting the sensitized carbon-based energy carrier material to hydrothermal conversion at a temperature of less than 300 degrees centigrade in a hydrothermal treatment reactor.

Large pore silica-alumina gels and method of producing the same

A silica-alumina gel derived from a cationic aluminum source and also an anionic aluminum source and processes for producing such gel.

Catalyst for the production of light olefins

The invention comprises a catalyst composition comprising a pentasil-type zeolite, one or more solid acidic promoters and optionally a filler and/or binder, methods for making the catalyst composition and a process for using the catalyst in the manufacture of olefins.

Hydrothermal process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite

Composition comprising a metal hydroxy salt, its preparation and use as catalyst or sorbent

Composition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.

Process for the preparation of doped pentasil-type zeolites using a doped reactant

A process for the preparation of a metal-doped pentasil-type zeolite comprising the steps of: a) preparing an aqueous precursor mixture comprisin g a silicon source and an aluminium source, at least one of these sources bein g doped with a rare earth metal or a transition metal of Groups Vb-VIIIb, Ib, or IIb of the Periodic System, and b) thermally treating the precursor mixture to form a metal-doped pentasil-type zeolite. With this process, metal-doped pentasil-type zeolites can be prepared while the risk of precipitation of th e dopant as a separate phase is minimised.

Metal-doped mixed metal oxide, its preparation and use as catalyst composition

Mixed metal oxide composition comprising (i) at least two gel-forming metals in a total amount of 90-99.9 wt%, said metals being selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ce, La, Al, Cr, P, and Fe, and (ii) a metal dopant in an amount of 0.1-10 wt% which is selected from the group consisting of W, Pt, Pd, Rh, V, Mo, Co, Ni, Mn, and combinations thereof, all weight percentages calculated as oxides and based on the total weight of the composition, said composition being obtainable by (a) adding a base to an aqueous solution comprising water-soluble trivalent or tetravalent salts of said gel-forming metals, thereby forming a gel, (b) adding the metal dopant to the gel to obtain a doped gel, and (c) optionally calcining the doped gel. This composition is suitable for use in an FCC process as an additive or catalyst component.

Hydrocarbon conversion process using nanosized particles

Hydrocarbon conversion process comprising the steps of (a) suspending catalyst particles comprising a layered material in a first, polar hydrocarbon, employing conditions such as will cause delamination of the layered material to form a suspension comprising particles with a size of less than 1 micron, (b) optionally adding the suspension to a second hydrocarbon, (c) converting the first and/or the optional second hydrocarbon in the presence of said delaminated layered material, and (d) separating the delaminated material from the first and the optional second hydrocarbon. This process provides an economically desired way of converting hydrocarbons using small catalyst particles.

improved catalyst for thermocatalytic conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals

catalisador melhorado para a conversão termocatalítica de biomassa em combustíveis líquidos e produtos químicos a presente invenção refere-se a composições catalisadoras compreendendo um componente de zsm-5 promovido por fósforo e um aglutinante contendo sílica e métodos para a fabricação e uso das mesmas. mais especificamente, os processos para a fabricação de um catalisador para a conversão de biomassa são providos. o processo inclui: o tratamento de um zeólito zsm-5 com um composto contendo fósforo para formar um componente de zsm-5 promovido por fósforo; a preparação de uma pasta fluida compreendendo o componente de zsm-5 promovido por fósforo e um aglutinante contendo sílica; e a moldagem da pasta fluida em corpos moldados. tais catalisadores podem ser usados para a conversão termocatalítica da biomassa particulada em produtos líquidos tais como o bio-óleo resultando em rendimentos de bio-óleo maiores e menor coqueificação do que os catalisadores convencionais. Improved Catalyst for Thermocatalytic Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals The present invention relates to catalyst compositions comprising a phosphorus-promoted zsm-5 component and a silica-containing binder and methods for the manufacture and use thereof. More specifically, processes for manufacturing a catalyst for biomass conversion are provided. the process includes: treating a zsm-5 zeolite with a phosphorus-containing compound to form a phosphorus-promoted zsm-5 component; preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorus-promoted zsm-5 component and a silica-containing binder; and molding the slurry into molded bodies. Such catalysts can be used for thermocatalytic conversion of particulate biomass into liquid products such as bio-oil resulting in higher bio-oil yields and lower coking than conventional catalysts.

Micro-crystalline boehmites containing additives and shaped particles and catalyst compositions comprising such micro-crystalline boehmite

The present invention pertains to a micro-crystalline beohmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, alkaline metals, rare earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, titanium, and phosphorus. Said MCBs according to the invention may be prepared in several ways. In general, a micro-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are converted to a micro-crystalline boehmite containing the additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Also claimed are shaped particles and catalyst compositions comprising the as-prepared micro-crystalline boehmite.

Process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmites

The present invention pertains to an improved process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite. In this improved process a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor is aged at a pH below 7, prefereably under hydrothermal conditions. It was found that when conducting the preparation processes for quasi-crystalline aluminas described in the prior art at a pH below 7 and under hydrothermal conditions instead of the high pH and thermal aging used in the prior art, QCBs with higher crystallinity are obtained. In the process according to the invention additives may be added to the quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor. This results in a high quality QCB with additives in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of rare earth metals alkaline earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, and phosphorus.

Catalytic for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals and for upgrading bio-oils

Processes for making a catalytic system and catalytic systems for converting solid biomass into fuel or specialty chemical products, or for upgrading bio-oils are described. The catalyst system may comprise a non-zeolitic matrix with a hierarchical pore structure ranging from 300 to about 10 4 Angstrom pore size, a zeolite, such as MFI-type or IM-5 zeolite, and a binder.

Molecular sieves of faujasite structure

A process for preparing molecular sieves of type Y faujasite structure is described, as well as pre-shaped bodies of faujasite structure type Y molecular sieves. The process comprises preparing a precursor gel from a source of silica-alumina or a source of alumina and a source of silica with a template agent at a SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 greater than 7 and suitable for forming a type Y zeolite, drying the precursor gel and contacting the dried precursor gel with steam, optionally followed by caustic washing, without the formation of crystalline phases other than type Y zeolite being observed. Advantageously, the pre-shaped bodies prepared with the precursor gel of Y zeolite, when subjected to the process of the invention, will have their outer surface covered by type Y zeolite crystals. The molecular sieves so obtained may be employed as catalysts or adsorbents in various processes of the chemical or oil industry.

Process for conversion and size reduction of solid particles

A combined process for the conversion of solid starting particles into solid intermediate particles and reducing the median diameter of the intermediate particles to obtain product particles. This process involves flowing a suspension of starting particles through a series of at least two conversion vessels, thereby converting at least part of the starting particles into intermediate particles, adding a supercritical fluid to one or more of the conversion vessels, thereby forming a supercritical suspension, and releasing pressure from the supercritical suspension, thereby expanding the suspension and converting the intermediate particles into product particles.

Method of producing zeolitic catalysts with silica alumina matrix

This invention relates to zeolitic catalysts composed of an exchanged zeolite of the faujasite type and a matrix composed of alumina and an alumina-silica component.

Biomass conversion process

A method for converting solid biomass into hydrocarbons includes contacting the solid biomass with a catalyst in a first riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. to thereby produce a first biomass-catalyst mixture and a first product comprising hydrocarbons; a) separating the first product from the first biomass-catalyst mixture; c) charging the first biomass-catalyst mixture to a second riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 400° C. to thereby produce a second biomass-catalyst mixture and a second product comprising hydrocarbons; d) separating the second product from the second biomass-catalyst mixture; e) charging the second biomass-catalyst mixture to a third riser operated at a temperature greater than about 450° C. to thereby produce a spent catalyst and a third product comprising hydrocarbons; and f) separating the third effluent from the spent catalyst.

Process for the preparation of doped pentasil-type zeolite using doped seeds

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of doped pentasil-type zeolite, which process comprises the steps of: a) preparing an aqueous precursor mixture from a silicon source, an aluminium source, and doped non-zeolitic seeds; and b) thermally treating the precursor mixture to form a doped pentasil-type zeolite. The term “non-zeolitic seeds” includes seeds made from materials selected from the group consisting of (i) X-ray amorphous materials, (ii) milled crystalline materials, such as milled zeolites, that have a relative crystallinity of not more than 75%, and (iii) crystalline materials other than zeolites, such as clays (e,g, bentonite and kaolin) and (low) crystalline aluminas.

Process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmites

The present invention pertains to an improved process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite. In this improved process a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor is aged at a pH below 7, preferably under hydrothermal conditions. It was found that when conducting the preparation processes for quasi-crystalline aluminas described in the prior art at a pH below 7 and under hydrothermal conditions instead of the high pH and thermal ageing used in the prior art, QCBs with higher crystallinity are obtained. In the process according to the invention additives may be added t o the quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor. This results in a high quality QCB with additives in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of rare earth metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metal s, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, and phosphorus.

Improved catalyst for thermocatalytic conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals.

Se describen composiciones catalíticas que comprenden un componente ZSM-5 estimulado con fósforo y un aglutinante que contiene sílice, y los métodos para elaborar y utilizar las mismas. Más específicamente, se proporcionan los procesos para elaborar un catalizador para conversión de biomasa. El proceso incluye: tratar una zeolita ZSM-5 con un compuesto que contiene fosforoso para formar un componente ZSM-5 estimulado con fósforo; preparar una suspensión que comprende el componente ZSM-5 estimulado con fósforo y un aglutinante que contiene sílice; y configurar la suspensión en cuerpos conformados. Estos catalizadores se pueden utilizar para la conversión termocatalítica de biomasa en macropartículas para productos líquidos tales como bio15 aceite, dando por resultado en rendimientos superiores de bio-aceite y disminuir el coque que los catalizadores convencionales.

Process for the preparation of catalysts comprising a pentasil-type zeolite

A process for the preparation of a composition comprising a pentasil-type zeolite, which process comprises the following steps: a) hydrothermally treating an aqueous slurry comprising an aluminium source, a silicon source, a seeding material, and optionally a divalent metal source, thereby forming a pentasil-type zeolite and at least one other compound, and b) shaping the product of step a). Examples of the at least one other compound are anionic clay, cationic clay, Si—Al cogel, and (pseudo)boehmite.

Modification of biomass for efficient conversion to fuels

A process is disclosed for preparing biomass particles for thermolytic or enzymatic conversion whereby the biomass particles having a moisture content of at least 20% are subjected to flash heating. The flash heating may be preceded by one or more adsorption/desorption cycles with water or steam. A swelling aid may be added during the adsorption part of an adsorption/desorption cycle.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ANIONIC SOUND