СПОСОБ РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ВОДЫ С УТИЛИЗАЦИЕЙ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА И ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕМ ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение может быть использовано в химии и энергетике. Исходные реагенты - воду и диоксид углерода, через смеситель 2 подают в реактор 1, выполненный в виде герметичной емкости, содержащей катализатор, при этом концентрацию диоксида углерода в воде регулируют, чтобы получить карбонизированную воду, посредством давления и времени насыщения воды диоксидом углерода. В реакторе 1 проводят химическую реакцию с образованием водорода, кислорода и сопутствующих продуктов химической реакции, которые подают в сепаратор 3 с выделением из газообразной фазы водорода. Сепаратор 3 может дополнительно содержать по меньшей мере два фильтра. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективную утилизацию диоксида углерода и экономичное получение водорода. 7 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил., 1 табл.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ МЕТАНОЛА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СВЕРХЧИСТОГО ВОДОРОДА ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к способу получения метанола. Способ включает получение кислорода на установке разделения воздуха с воздушными компрессорами, приводимыми в действие газовой турбиной, нагревание потока углеводородного сырья с использованием отработанного в газовой турбине газа, экзотермическое взаимодействие первой части потока нагретого углеводородного сырья с паром или газообразным окислителем, включающим молекулярный кислород, с получением сингаза с экзотермическим выделением тепла, эндотермический риформинг второй части потока углеводородного сырья паром над катализатором в риформинг-установке с теплообменником с получением сингаза эндотермического риформинга, причем часть тепла, использованного при получении сингаза эндотермического риформинга, образуется при извлечении экзотермического тепла от образовавшегося сингаза и образовавшегося сингаза эндотермического риформинга, объединение образовавшегося с экзотермическим выделением тепла сингаза и образовавшегося сингаза эндотермического ...

СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ЧАСТИЧНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА, СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА МЕТАНОЛА, СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

Способ каталитического частичного окисления природного газа с целью получения синтез-газа и формальдегида, объединенный с процессами гидрирования образующегося CO, такими как синтезы Фишера-Тропша и метанола. Такое окисление осуществляют с помощью катализатора, образованного одним или более соединением металлов платиновой группы, который имеет форму проволочных сеток или нанесен на носитель, изготовленный из неорганических соединений, таким образом, что содержание металла или металлов платиновой группы в весовых процентах лежит в диапазоне 0.1 - 20% от общего веса катализатора и носителя, путем проведения процесса при температурах в диапазоне 300 - 950oC, при давлениях в диапазоне 0,05 -5 МПа, при объемных скоростях в диапазоне 20000 -150000 ч-1. 3 с. и 4 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 8 табл.

УСТРОЙСТВА И СПОСОБЫ ОБРАБОТКИ ВОДОРОДА И МОНООКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА

Изобретение относится к химии углеводородов и касается устройства и способа обработки водорода и монооксида углерода. Поток исходного газа может быть обработан посредством осуществления процесса Фишера-Тропша. Непрореагировавшие водород и монооксид углерода могут быть рециркулированы, при этом используется реактор каталитического реформинга отходящего газа и теплообменник отработанного газа газовой турбины, несущий тепловую нагрузку предварительного подогрева. Изобретение обеспечивает повышение технологичности процесса за счет увеличения КПД процесса конверсии сырья в конечные продукты 2 н. и 16 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГАЗОВОЙ И ПАРОВОЙ ТУРБИНЫ С ИНТЕГРИРОВАННОЙ ГАЗИФИКАЦИЕЙ УГЛЯ ПОД ДАВЛЕНИЕМ

... 1. Способ получения и сжигания синтез-газа путем газификации с помощью воздуха, или кислорода, или обогащенного кислородом воздуха с возможной долей водяного пара, где ! - твердое или жидкое топливо подают в реактор, в котором топливо преобразуется с помощью воздуха, или кислорода, или обогащенного кислородом воздуха, а также водяного пара при повышенной температуре в синтез-газ, который в существенной степени состоит из водорода и окиси углерода, и ! - при реакции возникают капельки минеральных шлаков, которые выводятся из реактора вместе с полученным синтез-газом, при этом ! - синтез-газ без предварительного охлаждения направляют в отделяющее шлаки устройство, в котором капельки шлаков агломерируют и отделяются в виде жидких шлаков, и содержащиеся в синтез-газе парообразные щелочи, а также хлористый водород удаляют из синтез-газа за счет приведения в контакт с газопоглотительной керамикой, ! отличающийся тем, что ! - синтез-газ после очистки пропускают через турбодетандер, в котором энергия ...

ГАЗОГЕНЕРАТОР ДЛЯ КОНВЕРСИИ ТОПЛИВА В ОБЕДНЕННЫЙ КИСЛОРОДОМ ГАЗ И/ИЛИ ОБОГАЩЕННЫЙ ВОДОРОДОМ ГАЗ, ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ И СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ ТОПЛИВА В ОБЕДНЕННЫЙ КИСЛОРОДОМ ГАЗ И/ИЛИ ОБОГАЩЕННЫЙ ВОДОРОДОМ ГАЗ (ЕГО ВАРИАНТЫ)

... 1. Газогенератор для конверсии топлива в обедненный кислородом газ и/или обогащенный водородом газ, который содержит следующие агрегаты, интегрированные внутри оболочки реактора и расположенные последовательно: ! - первичную каталитическую горелку или зону каталитического частичного окисления, ! и за ней ! - вторичную каталитическую горелку для проведения сгорания или каталитического частичного окисления, ! - охлаждающие устройства для охлаждения дымовых газов от первичной и/или вторичной каталитических горелок или от зоны каталитического частичного окисления, ! - абсорбер кислорода для поглощения кислорода от дымового газа вторичной каталитической горелки, и за ним ! - реактор конверсии или метанатор для конверсии окиси углерода в дымовом газе от вторичной каталитической горелки до двуокиси углерода или метана. ! 2. Газогенератор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что термическая горелка расположена выше по ходу первичной каталитической горелки или зоны каталитического частичного окисления. ! 3 ...

СПОСОБ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО ГАЗА В СТАБИЛЬНЫЕ ЖИДКИЕ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ НЕФТЕПРОДУКТЫ И ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Способ переработки углеводородного газа в стабильные жидкие синтетические нефтепродукты, например в синтетическую нефть, или синтетическое моторное топливо, предусматривающий предварительную обработку исходного углеводородного газа в зависимости от его физико-химических свойств, например, очистку от сероводородных соединений, и/или сепарирование и осушку, и/или компримирование, а также последующее разделение этого предварительно обработанного газа на два потока: основной поток, перерабатываемый в конечный продукт, и технологический поток, используемый для поднятия температуры основного потока газа в процессе получения конечного продукта, последующую переработку каждого из этих разделенных потоков: основного потока - каталитическим паровым риформингом с получением синтез-газа, последующим его охлаждением и переработкой в стабильную синтетическую нефть и, по необходимости, разделением синтетической нефти на фракции синтетического моторного топлива, а переработку отделенного технологического ...

СПОСОБ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

... 1. Способ параллельного получения водорода и одного или нескольких углеродсодержащих продуктов, в соответствии с которым углеводороды вводят в реакционный объем и в присутствии обогащенного углеродом гранулята термически деструктируют на углерод и водород, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере часть необходимой для деструкции углеводородов тепловой энергии предоставляют посредством одного или нескольких газообразных теплоносителей, причем тепловую энергию производят вне реакционного объема, а затем нагретый газообразный теплоноситель вводят в реакционную зону, причем:(i) газообразный теплоноситель инертен в условиях реакции деструкции углеводородов и/или является продуктом этой реакции и в реакционном объеме отдает свое тепло реагенту или реагентам, или(ii) газообразный теплоноситель не вступает в контакт с углеводородным потоком, необходимую для газообразного теплоносителя тепловую энергию производят путем окисления или частичного окисления топлива и образующийся горячий газ обладает температурой ...

Behandlung von Synthesegas

Speicherkraftwerk Brennstoffzelle

Wasserstoff ist Sekundärenergieträger für erneuerbare Energien. Üblicherweise wird er zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie durch Wasserelektrolyse hergestellt. In einer Brennstoffzelle kann der Wasserstoff wieder in elektrische Energie umgewandelt werden. Zur Speicherung von Wasserstoff bietet sich das Erdgasnetz an. Wegen der großen physikalischen und brandtechnischen Unterschiede zwischen Erdgas und Wasserstoff ist dessen Aufnahme im Gasnetz stark begrenzt. Die vorliegende Anmeldung beschreibt ein Verfahren, nach dem elektrolysestämmiger Wasserstoff mit Synthesegas zu Methan reagiert, Methan in das Gasnetz eingeleitet wird. Das eingeleitete Methan oder dessen Äquivalent an Erdgas kann dem Gasnetz entnommen und in einem Reformer wieder in Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid umgewandelt werden. Um 1 Mol Methan zu bilden müssen dem Synthesegas 2 Mol Wasserstoff aus der Elektrolyse hinzugefügt werden. Bei der Rückspaltung von Methan wird dann mit 4 Mol die doppelte Menge an Wasserstoff erhalten.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur parallelen Erzeugung unterschiedlicher Synthesegase

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur parallelen Erzeugung von wenigstens zwei Synthesegasen (10, 11) unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung aus einem kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Ausgangsstoff (1), der nach Zumischung von Wasserdampf (2) und/oder Kohlendioxid (3) einem Dampfreformer (R) zugeführt und dort in zumindest zweit parallel betriebenen Katalysatorrohren (K1, K2, K3) durch Dampfreformierung zu Synthesegas umgesetzt wird. Für die Erfindung ist kennzeichnend, dass aus dem Kohlenwasserstoffe enthaltenden Ausgangsstoff (1) durch Teilung und der Zumischung von Wasserdampf (2) und/oder Kohlendioxid (3) wenigstens zwei Stoffgemische (6, 9) unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung gebildet werden, wobei jedes der unterschiedlichen Stoffgemische (6, 9) einem Katalysatorrohr oder einer Gruppe von Katalysatorrohren (K1, K2, K3) des Dampfreformers (R) als ausschließlicher Einsatz zugeführt und zu Synthesegas (10, 11) umgesetzt wird.

Methods and systems for gasification of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks

Electrically assisted partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons by oxygen.

CARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCE GASIFICATION DEVICE AND METHOD

Production of synthesis gas

Electrically assisted partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons by oxygen

Production of synthesis gas

HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM

CARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCE GASIFICATION DEVICE AND METHOD

Heat exchange system

Production of synthesis gas.

Heat exchange system

CARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCE GASIFICATION DEVICE AND METHOD

Electrically assisted partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons by oxygen

Heat exchange system

Electrically assisted partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons by oxygen

Production of synthesis gas

Anlage und Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung und Speicherung von Kohlenstoff in Energiespeichersystemen mittels minderselektiver Membranen

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage (1) und ein Verfahren, die der Rückgewinnung und raumsparenden Speicherung von Kohlenstoff in Form von flüssigem Kohlendioxid (18) aus einem Stoff (8) der Gruppe Kohlenwasserstoffe/Ether/Alkohole innerhalb von Energiespeichersystemen mit Kohlenstoffkreislauf dienen und dabei trotz der Verwendung von Membranen mit geringer Wasserstoff/Kohlendioxid-Permeationsselektivität eine vollständige Rückgewinnung des Kohlenstoffs erreichen. Dies wir durch den Aufbau eines Kohlendioxid- geschlossenen Permeatmassestromkreislaufs zwischen dem Permeatraum des zur Wasserstoffabscheidung eingesetzten Membranreformers und dem Anodenraum einer Festoxidbrennstoffzelle (4) ermöglicht, die der Ausspeisung elektrischer Energie aus dem Energiespeichersystem dient.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KOHLENDIOXID UND WASSERSTOFF

The invention encompasses a method for continuously producing CO2 and H2 by reforming a fuel comprising carbon and hydrogen using the CLR technology by way of at least one particulate metal oxide that serves as a catalyst and oxygen carrier and is cycled between two CLR reactors, these being an air reactor AR into which an oxygen-containing combustion gas, preferably air 1 is introduced and a fuel reactor FR into which a fuel flow 2 is introduced, wherein the gas mixture formed by way of CLR and comprising primarily CO2 und H2 is subjected to a scrubbing and/or separating step so as to obtain one of said two gases as a substantially pure gas flow 13 and a waste gas flow 7, with the waste gas flow 7 being subjected to a second scrubbing and/or separating step so as to obtain the second gas as a substantially pure gas flow 14 and a second waste gas flow 9.

Compact methanol reformer for a submarine

The present invention relates to a methanol reformer (10) having a reaction region (20), a charging region (30) and a discharge region (40). The reaction region (20), the charging region (30) and the discharge region (40) are arranged one above the other with the reaction region (20) at the bottom. At least one first coaxial reaction tube (50) is arranged vertically in the reaction region (20), the at least one first coaxial reaction tube (50) having an outer tube region (52) and an inner tube region (54), the outer tube region (52) being filled with a catalyst. The outer tube region (52) is connected to the charging region (30) and the inner tube region (54) is connected to the discharge region (40). A preheating device (100) for preheating the methanol-water mixture is disposed in the reaction region (20).

Method and catalysts for the production of ammonia synthesis gas

In a process for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising steam reforming of the feedstock and treatment of the synthesis gas obtained, the shift of the synthesis gas comprises two shift steps, both including stable catalysts, whereby the formation of hazardous by-products is avoided or at least reduced to an acceptable low level. The two shift steps can both be HTS, or they can be one HTS and one LTS or one HTS and one MTS. The catalyst used in the HTS and the LTS steps is based on zinc oxide and zinc aluminum spinel, and the catalyst used in the MTS and the LTS steps can be based on copper.

Steam pyrolysis as a process to enhance the hydro-gasification of carbonaceous materials

Supply of steam and hydrogen to a process or plant producing synthesis gas

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO ...

Process for comprehensively utilizing low carbon emission Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tail gas

Disclosed is a process for comprehensively utilizing low carbon emission Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tail gas. In the process, a non-cycling tail gas generated after a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is steam reformed and converted into a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and then highly purified hydrogen is separated and extracted from the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas for use. The process comprises the following steps: 1) conducting a steam conversion reaction to obtain converted gas; 2) conducting a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to obtain a hydrocarbon fuel; 3) after a pre-reforming reaction, converting a hydrocarbon compound containing two or more carbon atoms into methane; 4) conducting a reforming reaction to convert the methane and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide; 5) separating the hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the gas; and 6) providing heat for a reforming reactor. The present invention effectively utilizes the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tail gas, especially a tail gas ...

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy ...

A method for revamping an ammonia plant

A method for revamping an ammonia plant including a steam system, said steam system comprising at least a high-pressure section operating at a first pressure and a medium-pressure section operating at a second pressure lower than said first pressure, the revamping including: the provision of at least one additional heat recovery by means of a steam flow at a third pressure which is intermediate between said first and second pressure, and the provision of a steam export line arranged to export outside the ammonia plant at least a portion of said steam flow at said third pressure.

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO ...

Inhibition of carbon deposition on fuel gas steam reformer walls

Process for preparing a H2-rich gas and a CO2-rich gas at high pressure

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

A method of producing Synthesis Gas is provided which includes combining the product of a coal gasification reaction with the product of a methane reforming reaction. The coal gasification and methane reforming reactions can take place either in the same vessel or in separate vessels.

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM OIL SHALE

A system for producing petroleum products (12) from oil shale (32) includes a kiln line (72,152) of plural series-connected, substantially horizontally-disposed kilns (90,94,104,170,180). Crushed oil shale (36) is advanced through kilns (90,94,104,170,180) in succession and exhausted from the kiln line (72,152) substantially freed of hydrocarbons. A heat extraction unit (80) recovers heat (82) from hot spent shale (78). Successive kilns (90,94,104,170,180) along the advancement of crushed oil shale (36) are maintained at successively higher temperatures (T94, T94, T1O4, T17O, T180). Pyrolysis is indirectly-driven using kiln- surrounding roasting jackets (96,106,182), A fuel distinct from hydrocarbons in oil shale(32), such as natural gas (132), syngas (54) from a gasifier (48), or hydrogen gas (62) from a separator (60) provides heat. These combustible gasses are burned in roasting jackets (96,106,182) or converted by a burner (134) into hot flue gas (136) that passes through roasting jackets ...

REACTOR VESSELS WITH TRANSMISSIVE SURFACES FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A chemical reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a reaction zone, a hydrogen donor source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and a steam source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone. The reactor further includes a transmissive surface at the reaction zone, with the transmissive surface being transmissive to a reactant entering the reaction zone and/or radiant energy entering the reaction zone.

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC TRANSPORTATION FUELS FROM CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS USING SELF-SUSTAINED HYDRO-GASIFICATION

A process and apparatus for producing a synthesis gas for use as a gaseous fuel or as feed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce a liquid fuel in a substantially self-sustaining process. A slurry of particles of carbonaceous material in water, and hydrogen from an internal source, are fed into a hydro- gasification reactor under conditions whereby methane rich producer gases are generated and fed into a steam pyrolytic reformer under conditions whereby synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide are generated. A portion of the hydrogen generated by the steam pyrolytic reformer is fed through a hydrogen purification filter into the hydro-gasification reactor, the hydrogen therefrom constituting the hydrogen from an internal source. The remaining synthesis gas generated by the steam pyrolytic reformer is either used as fuel for a gaseous fueled engine to produce electricity and/or process heat or is fed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor under conditions whereby a liquid fuel is ...

GAZEIFICATION DE DECHETS PAR PLASMA

Procédé consistant à récupérer l'anhydride carbonique (CO2) contenue dans les fumées rejetées par les industries, principalement les cimenteries et/ou centrales à charbon et à utiliser tout ou partie de celui-ci pour contrôler les très hautes températures créées dans un réacteur (1) par une ou plusieurs torches plasma (6), utilisant comme gaz plasmagène des gaz ou mélanges gazeux contenant moins d'atomes de carbone (qui peut être égal à zéro) que d'atomes d'oxygène. A utiliser ces hautes températures ainsi produites pour pyrolyser les détritus de toutes sortes (3), compactes et sèches afin d'obtenir un gaz de synthèse (16) riche en CO, H2, qui en passant dans un récupérateur de chaleur (7) produirait sans combustion de la vapeur qui sera détendue dans une turbine-vapeur (21) actionnant un alternateur (22) producteur d'électricité. Le gaz de synthèse (16) résultant de ce traitement des déchets (3), constitué de monoxyde de carbone (CO), d'anhydride carbonique (CO2) et d'hydrogène (H2), sera ...

ENERGY STORAGE USING AN REP WITH AN ENGINE

An energy storage system includes a power plant configured to generate an exhaust gas comprising carbon dioxide. The energy storage system further includes a first fuel cell configured to operate in reverse as an electrolyzer. The first fuel cell is configured to receive at least a portion of the exhaust gas from the power plant. An anode is configured to receive carbon dioxide via the exhaust gas and methane from a separate feed, and the anode is configured to output a hydrogen-containing gas mixture. The energy storage system further includes a reformer configured to methanate the hydrogen-containing gas mixture to convert substantially all of the carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas mixture to methane. The energy storage system further includes a second fuel cell operating in reverse as a hydrogen pump, the second fuel cell configured to separate hydrogen from a gas mixture output by the reformer.

METHOD TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN OR SYNTHESIS GAS

A method to produce hydrogen gas or synthesis gas is described and involves the use of a staged reactor. The present invention further relates to effectively running a process such that efficient quantities of hydrogen gas are produced, along with economically useful amounts of carbon black. A combined facility utilizing a carbon black manufacturing plant and a refinery plant are further described, as well as products made by the various methods of the present invention.

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION AND CARBON CAPTURE USING FUEL CELLS

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR COLD CLIMATES

Process for producing a hydrogen-containing product gas suited for operating in regions where the ambient conditions are below freezing for extended periods of time during the winter and warm or hot during the summer months. Hot makeup water is provided to the process to avoid freezing. A portion of the hot makeup water stream is heated in a steam generator to make steam where the steam is used to heat incoming hydrocarbon feed for the process. Another portion of the hot makeup water stream may be heated by combustion product gases where the heated water stream is used to heat incoming combustion oxidant.

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION AND CARBON CAPTURE USING FUEL CELLS

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). The fuel cells are operated to have a reduced anode fuel utilization. Optionally, at least a portion of the anode exhaust is recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust is recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells are operated.

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION AND CARBON CAPTURE USING FUEL CELLS

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

MODIFIED GAS AND STEAM TURBINE PROCESS HAVING INTEGRATED COAL GASIFICATION UNDER PRESSURE

The invention relates to a method for producing, purifying, and burning syngas for generating electrical energy. The syngas is generated from a solid, carbonaceous fuel using an oxygenic gas and purified by slag extraction and alkali extraction. After purifying, the syngas produced enters an expansion turbine, where the pressure energy is used for generating electricity. The expansion turbine is protected against corrosion and mechanical attack by the purification and alkali separation. The expanded syngas is then burned under pressure, and the combustion is used for generating electricity in a combined cycle process using a gas turbine, steam generation, and a steam turbine. The process thus has a high level of efficiency. The invention further relates to a device for performing the method according to the invention.

CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH ANNULARLY POSITIONED DELIVERY AND REMOVAL DEVICES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION OF PROCESS STEAM AND BOILER FEED WATER STEAM IN A HEATABLE REFORMING REACTOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNGAS

A process is described for the generation of process steam and boiler feed water steam in a heatable reforming reactor for the production of syngas. The process serves to exploit the sensible heat of a syngas produced from hydrocarbons and steam to obtain two types of steam, each being generated when heating and evaporating boiler feed water and process condensate, with the process also including a conversion of the carbon monoxide contained in the syngas, and with the process including optional heating of the boiler feed water by means of the flue gas obtained from the heating of the reforming reactor. The process allows exploiting the sensible heat of the syngas and the flue gas from the heating more efficiently, while avoiding the disadvantages of the flue gas heating on account of the varying amounts of heat available in the flue gas duct. An apparatus for carrying out this process is described.

METHOD FOR THE PARALLEL PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON-CONTAINING PRODUCTS

The invention relates to a process for parallel preparation of hydrogen and one or more carbonaceous products, in which hydrocarbons are introduced into a reaction space (R) and decomposed thermally to carbon and hydrogen in the presence of carbon-rich pellets (W). It is a feature of the invention that at least a portion of the thermal energy required for the hydrocarbon decomposition is introduced into the reaction space (R) by means of a gaseous heat carrier.

HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a heat exchange system comprising: - a single apparatus (N) having an area immersed in a fluid bath (N2) and a free space (N1) at the head in which a vapour phase is accumulated, - at least one interspace (P) open at both ends, situated inside said apparatus and completely immersed in the fluid bath, - one or more heat exchange surface (s) (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), said system characterized in that it contains all the heat exchange surfaces in a single apparatus and said surfaces are completely immersed in the fluid bath and are fluidly connected to the hot and cold sources, external to said system, through flows of matter. At least one of the heat exchange surfaces (6, 7, 8) is situated inside the interspace and at least another surface (9, 10, 11) is situated in the space between said interspace and the walls of the apparatus.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CATALYST CONTAINING NI3SI-BASED INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND, METHOD FOR ACTIVATING THE CATALYST, AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD AND DEVICE USING THE CATALYST

A catalyst according to the present invention exhibits a catalytic action to a methanol decomposition reaction or a hydrocarbon steam-reforming reaction in a short time. The present invention provides a catalyst for producing hydrogen gas, using an Ni3Si-based intermetallic compound.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AMMONIA AND UREA

Disclosed is a process for the production of ammonia comprising a step wherein synthesis gas is formed in two different ways, viz. by catalytic partial oxidation (31) and by steam reforming, and wherein the combined streams of synthesis gas are subjected to a water gas shift reaction (50). Also disclosed is a process of producing urea, wherein ammonia is formed (90) in a process involving said combined streams and wherein carbon dioxide (110) formed in the same process is reacted with said ammonia so as to form urea.

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR SYNTHESIS GAS RECAPTURE

Methods, systems, and/or devices for synthesis gas recapture are provided, which may include methods, systems, and/or devices for filtering a synthesis gas stream. In some cases, tars, particulates, water, and/or heat may be removed from the synthesis gas stream through the filtering of the synthesis gas stream. The filtered synthesis gas stream may then be captured and/or utilized in a variety of different ways. Some embodiments utilizing a C-O-H compound to filter a synthesis gas stream. In some embodiments, the C-O-H compound utilized to filter the synthesis gas stream may be utilized to produce additional synthesis gas. The additional synthesis gas may be filtered by additional C-O-H compound.

Polygenerationssysteme.

Ein Polygenerationssystem, wobei die verschiedenen Einheiten des Polygenerationssystems integriert sind, um die unerwünschten Spezies auf effektive Weise zu trennen. In einer Ausführungsform wird ein Polygenerationssystem bereitgestellt, umfassend einen Syngaserzeuger (4) zum Erzeugen eines Syngases (6), eine Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zum Trennen unerwünschter Spezies vom Syngas, um ein angereichertes Syngas (14) zu erzeugen, und ein Syngas-Nutzungssystem (18), welches das angereicherte Syngas (14) verwendet, um brauchbare Produkte (22) und einen Strom (16) zu erzeugen, um die Trennung unerwünschter Spezies in der Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zu erleichtern. In einigen Ausführungsformen umfasst das Polygenerationssystem einen Membranreaktor (118), einen katalytischen Brenner (96) und eine Stromerzeugungseinheit (32). Die Stromerzeugungseinheit kann ein Dampfturbinensystem (38) oder ein Rankine-Turbinensystem (52) oder eine Kombination daraus einschliessen. Die verschiedenen Details ...

Polygenerationsanordnung.

Eine Polygenerationsanordnung (10), wobei die verschiedenen Einheiten der Polygenerationsanordnung (10) integriert sind, um unerwünschte Produkte auf effektive Weise zu trennen. Es wird eine Polygenerationsanordnung (10) bereitgestellt, umfassend einen Syngaserzeuger (4) zum Erzeugen eines Syngases (6), eine Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zum Trennen unerwünschter Produkte vom Syngas (6), um ein angereichertes Syngas (14) zu erzeugen, und ein Syngas-Nutzungssystem (18), welches das angereicherte Syngas (14) verwendet, um brauchbare Produkte (22) und einen Strom (16) zu erzeugen, um die Trennung unerwünschter Produkte in der Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zu erleichtern. Beispielsweise umfasst die Polygenerationsanordnung einen Membranreaktor, einen katalytischen Brenner und eine Stromerzeugungseinheit. Die Stromerzeugungseinheit kann ein Dampfturbinensystem oder ein Rankine-Turbinensystem oder eine Kombination daraus einschliessen. Die verschiedenen Details der Komponenten und Integrationsaspekte ...

PRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL OF GAS BY MEANS OF SECONDARY USE LOW TEMPERATURE OF REJECTED HEAT

METHOD OF STARTING PROCESS OF CONVERTING GAS IN LIQUID ST

METHOD OF PRODUCING AMMONIA AND UREA

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR COOLING SYNTHESIS GAS-

METHOD AND CATALYSTS FOR PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS - GAS FOR PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATION OF PROCESS STEAM AND WATER STEAM SUPPLY BOILER IN TRANSFORMATIVE HEATED REACTOR FOR PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC GAS

METHOD OF PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS-

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

Способ производства синтез-газа, согласно которому комбинируют продукт реакции газификации угля с продуктом реакции риформинга метана. При этом реакции газификации угля и риформинга метана проводят в той же реакционной емкости или в отдельных емкостях.

СПОСОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕПЛОТЫ ОТ ТРУБЧАТОЙ УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ РИФОРМИНГА

В представленном способе получения СЖТ при получении различного вида жидких нефтепродуктов при риформинге в случае использования процесса парового риформинга или процесса риформинга диоксида углерода улучшен тепловой коэффициент полезного действия. Способ включает получение синтез-газа за счет превращения природного газа и по крайней мере одного компонента, выбранного из пара и диоксида углерода, в синтез-газ в трубчатой установке для риформинга, содержащей катализатор риформинга, получение углеводородных продуктов синтеза Фишера-Тропша за счет введения полученного синтез-газа в реакцию по Фишеру-Тропшу и повышение сортности, при котором углеводородные продукты синтеза Фишера-Тропша подвергаются гидропереработке и дистилляции, давая различные виды жидких нефтепродуктов, где полученная при образовании синтез-газа избыточная теплота регенерируется и регенерированная теплота используется в качестве теплоты для по крайней мере одного процесса, выбранного из гидропереработки и дистилляции, при ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БОГАТОГО МЕТАНОМ ТОПЛИВНОГО ГАЗА ИЗ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЫРЬЯ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ РЕАКТОРА ПАРОВОЙ ГИДРОГАЗИФИКАЦИИ И РЕАКТОРА КОНВЕРСИИ ВОДЯНОГО ГАЗА

Предложен способ получения высоких концентраций метана на основе комбинации реактора для паровой гидрогазификации и реактора конверсии с применением углеродсодержащего материала. Водород, полученный в реакторе конверсии, можно повторно использовать в паровом гидрогазогенераторе.

METHOD OF REMOVING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND DANGEROUS CONTAMINANTS AIR IN PRODUCTION INSTALLATIONS IS AMMONIA

METHOD OF PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS-

METHOD OF PRODUCING SYNTHESIS - GAS FOR PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA

Methods for removing suspended solids from a gasification process stream

A method of removing suspended solids from a gasification process water stream includes, in an exemplar) ' embodiment, providing a gasification process water stream containing process derived suspended solids, settling at least a portion of the suspended solids from the process water stream in a settling apparatus (136), providing a filter apparatus having a plurality of filter elements (330), and removing a portion of the settled solids from the settling apparatus. The method also includes precoating the filter elements with the settled solids (138) removed from the settling apparatus (136), directing a portion (190) of the process water stream from the settling apparatus to the filter apparatus (326), and filtering the portion of the process water stream directed from the settling apparatus through the precoated filter elements to remove suspended solids particles to form a filtrate.

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DIHYDROGEN, METHOD FOR PRODUCING DIHYDROGEN USING SUCH DEVICE AND USE OF SUCH DEVICE

Enhanced Fischer-Tropsch process for preparing hydrocarbon fuel in GTL environment

탄소질 물질의 가스화 장치 및 방법

... 탄소질 물질 건조 분말 가스화 장치 및 방법에 관한 것으로서, 상기 장치는 하부로부터 상부까지 하부 냉각 정화부 (1), 가스화 반응부 (2), 냉각 반응부 (3), 및 상부 냉각 정화부 (4)를 포함하고; 일차 냉각 장치는 냉각 반응부와 가스화 반응부 사이의 연결부에 설치되고; 복수의 노즐들은 가스화 반응부의 주변 둘레로 배열된다. 상기 방법은: 가스화 반응을 탄소질 물질과 옥시 가스화제 사이에 수행하여 조 합성 가스 및 애쉬를 생성하고; 조 합성 가스의 일부 및 애쉬의 대부분이 냉각 및 가스화를 위해 하향 유동하고, 냉각되고 애쉬가-제거된 조 합성 가스가 후속 공정으로 전달되고, 급냉된 애쉬는 애쉬 출구를 통해 배출되며; 조 합성 가스의 나머지 부분 및 비산 애쉬가 상승하여 냉각을 위해 냉각 물질과 함께 혼합되고, 이후에 냉각 반응부 내로 전달되어, 완전히 반응되지 않은 탄소가 보충된 가스화제와 반응하며; 조 합성 가스 및 비산 애쉬가 냉각되고 정화되며 비산 애쉬는 제거되어, 청정한 저온 조 합성 가스가 후속 공정으로 보내지는 단계를 포함한다. 상기 방법은 상부 배기 (air-exhaust) 방법에서 애쉬 출구에서의 애쉬 블록을 회피하고, 또한 하부 배기 방법에서 상부에서의 과열을 회피하여, 따라서 탄소 전환율을 향상시킨다.

Catalyst containing Ni3Si inter-metallic compound for producing hydrogen, method for activating the catalyst, hydrogen producing method and device using the catalyst

Provided is a catalyst exhibiting catalyzing action to the hydrolyzing reaction of methanol or the reforming reaction of hydrocarbon, in a short time. According to this invention, a catalyst containing Ni3Si inter-metallic compound for producing hydrogen is provided.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS USING AN OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE BASED REFORMING SYSTEM WITH SECONDARY REFORMING

A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS

Embodiments of the present invention relate to an apparatus and method for producing syngas where a metal vapor participates in a syngas-producing chemical reaction between steam, methane and optionally carbon dioxide. In some embodiments, the method may be carried out, or the apparatus may be configured so that there is substantially no net production of an oxide of the metal. The syngas may be generated in the context of methanol production, of steam reforming or in any other context. Methods and apparatus for handling the products and by-products of the chemical reaction are disclosed herein.

METHOD FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS INTO SYNTHESIS GAS USING A PRESSURIZED MULTI-STAGE PROGRESSIVELY EXPANDING FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIER FOLLOWED BY AN OXYBLOWN AUTOTHERMAL REFORMER TO REDUCE METHANE AND TARS

The invention provides systems and methods for converting biomass into syngas using a pressurized multi-stage progressively expanding fluidized bed gasifier to eliminate or reduce the formation of methane, volatiles such as BTX, and tars. The gasifier may include a reactive stage that may receive a biomass feed through a feed line and oxygen through an oxygen feed line. The gasifier may also include a fluidized bed section that may be configured to receive the reaction products from the first stage, mix them and perform fluidized bed activity. A gasifier may also have a disengagement section that may be configured to separate fluidized media and particulate matter from syngas product. A gasification system may also include oxyblown catalytic autothermal reactor and a cryogenic air separation unit.

MULTI-ZONE REFORMING METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF DEVOLATILIZED BIOMASS TO SYNGAS

The present invention provides improved methods and apparatus for producing syngas from any carbon-containing feed material. In one aspect, a multi-zone reformer system is provided. A first reaction zone can reduce the presence of refractory tars, while a second reaction zone in communication with the first reaction zone can steam- reform methane and other components from the first reaction zone, to generate high- quality syngas suitable for conversion to liquid fuels, such as ethanol. Other embodiments employ a plurality of reaction zones for added system functionality.

OXYGEN REMOVAL

A process for reducing free oxygen in a gaseous nitrogen stream is described, comprising the steps of (i) reforming a hydrocarbon to generate a gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon oxides, (ii) mixing the gas mixture with a nitrogen stream containing free oxygen, and (iii) passing the resulting nitrogen gas mixture over a conversion catalyst that converts at least a portion of the free oxygen present in the nitrogen to steam wherein the hydrocarbon reforming step includes oxidation of a hydrocarbon using an oxygen-containing gas.

REACTOR VESSELS WITH TRANSMISSIVE SURFACES FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A chemical reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a reaction zone, a hydrogen donor source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and a steam source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone. The reactor further includes a transmissive surface at the reaction zone, with the transmissive surface being transmissive to a reactant entering the reaction zone and/or radiant energy entering the reaction zone.

Methanol from coal and natural gas

The present invention is directed to a process which uses the methanol synthesis gas from steam reforming in a first methanol plant and effectively integrates a second methanol plant which uses as the methanol synthesis gas (a) the purge gas from the first methanol plant and (b) the clean syn-gas produced by partial oxidation.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS FROM INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

A method and an integrated system for reducing CO2 emissions in industrial processes. The method and integrated system (100) capture carbon dioxide (CO2) gas from a first gas stream (104) with a chemical absorbent to produce a second gas stream (106) having a higher concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) gas and a lower concentration of CO2 gas as compared to first gas stream. The CO gas in the second gas stream is used to produce C5 to C20 hydrocarbons in an exothermic reaction (108) with hydrogen (H2) gas (138). At least a portion of the heat generated in the exothermic reaction is used to regenerate the chemical absorbent with the liberation of the CO2 gas (128) captured from the first gas stream. Heat captured during the exothermic reaction can, optionally, first be used to generate electricity, wherein the heat remaining after generating electricity is used to thermally regenerate the chemical absorbent.

Integration of molten carbonate fuel cells in methanol synthesis

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a methanol synthesis process. The molten carbonate fuel cells can be integrated with a methanol synthesis process in various manners, including providing synthesis gas for use in producing methanol. Additionally, integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a methanol synthesis process can facilitate further processing of vent streams or secondary product streams generated during methanol synthesis.

FUEL PROCESSOR AND METHOD FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN RICH GAS

A fuel processor for generating hydrogen rich gas or cleaned hydrogen rich gas from hydrocarbon fuel includes an inner housing and an outer housing defining a mantel space between them, wherein at least one fuel reformer unit for reforming hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogel rich gas and optionally a gas-cleaning unit for cleaning the hydrogen rich gas from unwanted by-products are arranged in the inner housing. The fuel processor further includes a processor inlet for introducing hydrocarbon fuel into the inner housing and a processor outlet for releasing cleaned hydrogen rich gas from the inner housing. The outer housing further includes a fluid inlet for introducing a heat transporting fluid into the mantel space. The inner housing includes at least one opening for providing a fluid-connection between the inner housing and the mantel space. A method for operating such a fuel processor is also provided.

In-situ gasification of soot contained in exothermically generated syngas stream

A system is set forth for the exothermic generation of soot depleted syngas comprising (i) reacting a hydrocarbon-containing fuel with an oxygen containing gas in a first reactor to produce the syngas and byproducts comprising CO₂, H₂O and soot; and (ii) introducing the syngas and byproducts into a second reactor containing a non-carbonaceous material that traps the soot for a sufficient time such that the majority of the byproduct soot is gasified via reaction with the byproduct CO₂ and/or H₂O to produce a syngas stream that is depleted in the soot. The system is particularly suitable for the practice of heat exchange reforming wherein a portion of the heat is recovered from the soot depleted syngas stream and used as at least a portion of the heat to facilitate the additional production of syngas via the (endothermic) catalytic reforming of natural gas and steam.

Gasification process

An integrated process for the production of a useful liquid hydrocarbon product comprises: feeding a gasification zone with an oxygen-containing feed and a first carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass, gasifying the first carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to produce first synthesis gas, partially oxidising the first synthesis gas in a partial oxidation zone to generate partially oxidised synthesis gas, combining at least a portion of the first synthesis gas and/or the partially oxidised synthesis gas and at least a portion of electrolysis hydrogen obtained from an electrolyser in an amount to achieve the desired hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio of from about 1.5:1 to about 2.5:1, and to generate a blended synthesis gas, wherein the electrolyser operates using green electricity; and subjecting at least a portion of the blended synthesis gas to a conversion process effective to produce the liquid hydrocarbon product.

GENERATING METHANOL USING ULTRAPURE, HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN

LIGHT ENDS RECOVERY PROCESS FOR A GTL PLANT

PROCESS FOR REFORMING OF METHANE

Processes for converting methane and/or other hydrocarbons to synthesis gas (i.e., a gaseous mixture comprising H2 and CO) are disclosed, in which at least a portion of the hydrocarbon(s) is reacted with CO2. At least a second portion of the methane may be reacted with H2O (steam), thereby improving overall thermodynamics of the process, in terms of reducing endothermicity (ΔH) and the required energy input, compared to "pure" dry reforming in which no H2O is present. Catalysts for such processes advantageously possess high activity and thereby can achieve significant levels of methane conversion at temperatures below those used conventionally under comparable conditions. These catalysts also exhibit high sulfur tolerance, in addition to reduced rates of carbon (coke) formation, even in the processing (reforming) of heavier (e.g., naphtha boiling-range or jet fuel boiling-range) hydrocarbons. The robustness of the catalyst translates to high operating stability. A representative catalyst ...

ＧＴＬ環境における炭化水素燃料組成物のためのフィッシャー・トロプシュ法の改良

СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ В СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗ

Изобретение относится к способу получения синтез-газа посредством параллельного использования риформера с теплообменом и автотермического риформера. Способ включает (i) формирование смешанного потока исходных материалов, содержащего углеводородное сырье и водяной пар, (ii) предварительный нагрев смешанного потока с формированием предварительно нагретого смешанного потока, (iii) разделение предварительно нагретого смешанного потока на первый поток и второй поток, (iv) пропускание первого потока, содержащего углеводороды и водяной пар, в нагреваемые извне заполненные катализатором трубки в риформере с теплообменом, где имеют место реакции парового риформинга с генерированием первой смеси газов после риформинга, (v) пропускание второго потока, содержащего углеводороды и водяной пар, после дополнительной стадии нагрева в автотермический риформер, где его объединяют с газом-окислителем, содержащим свободный кислород, и подвергают воздействию автотермического риформинга с генерированием второй ...

СПОСОБ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

Изобретение может быть использовано в водородной энергетике и сталелитейной промышленности. В реакционное пространство помещают обогащенный углеродом гранулят с размером частиц от 0,1-100 мм, содержащий по меньшей мере 80 мас. % углерода, вводят углеводороды и подвергают их термической деструкции на углерод и водород. Тепловую энергию, необходимую для деструкции углеводородов, производят вне реакционного пространства, а затем в него вводят нагретый газообразный теплоноситель - водород или азот. В качестве обогащенного углеродом гранулята используют коксовую мелочь, низкокачественный кокс коксохимического производства на основе бурого или каменного угля и/или кокс, полученный из биомассы, и пропускают его через реакционное пространство непрерывно в виде подвижного или кипящего слоя. Часть удаленного из реакционного пространства углеродсодержащего гранулята возвращают в реакционное пространство. Изобретение позволяет получить одновременно углерод и водород высокой степени чистоты в промышленных ...

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНДЕНСАТА

Изобретение относится к способу очистки технологического конденсата со способа парового риформинга или способа парового крекинга. В способе очистки технологического конденсата (17) со способа парового риформинга или способа парового крекинга упомянутый технологический конденсат подают в способ электродеионизации (7). Способ отличается тем, что упомянутый технологический конденсат (17) подают на процесс обратного осмоса (24) до процесса электродеионизации (7) и где чистый технологический конденсат (18), полученный способом электродеионизации (7), используют в качестве чистого водяного пара (6) вне способа парового риформинга или парового крекинга, предпочтительно в паровых сетях, включая парогенераторные установки и паровые турбины, а также отправляют на рецикл в виде части технологического водяного пара (14) способа парового риформинга или парового крекинга. Технический результат - альтернативный способ очистки технологического конденсата с получением чистого водяного пара. 2 з.п. ф-лы, ...

Method and System for Synthesizing Liquid Hydrocarbon Compounds

Provided is a method for synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds wherein synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds from a synthesis gas by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The method includes a first absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in gaseous by-products generated in the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction, with an absorbent, and a second absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in the synthesis gas, with the absorbent which is passed through the first absorption step.

Membranes and Reactors for CO2 Separation

The present disclosure relates to a system for carbon dioxide separation. The system includes a conducting membrane having two phases. The first phase is a solid oxide porous substrate. The second phase is molten carbonate. The second phase is positioned within the solid oxide porous substrate of the first phase. The system also includes a H 2 and CO 2 gas input stream separated from a CH 4 gas input stream by the conducting membrane. The CO 2 is removed from the H 2 and CO 2 gas input stream as it contacts the membrane resulting in a H 2 gas output stream from the H 2 and CO 2 gas input stream and a CO and H 2 gas output stream from the CH 4 gas input stream.

Gas from landfill for use in hydrogen production

Methane collected from a landfill is used as a feedstock for the production of hydrogen in a steam methane reformer. This invention provides a green energy feed stock for the hydrogen production that benefits the environment.

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen also hydrogen sulphide, HCN and/or COS, the process comprising the steps of: (a) removing HCN and/or COS by contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with a catalyst in a HCN/COS reactor in the presence of steam/water, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS; (b) converting hydrogen sulphide in the synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS to elemental sulphur, by contacting the synthesis gas stream with an aqueous reactant solution containing solubilized Fe(III) chelate of an organic acid, at a temperature below the melting point of sulphur, and at a sufficient solution to gas ratio and conditions effective to convert H 2 S to sulphur and inhibit sulphur deposition, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide; (c) removing carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide, to obtain the purified synthesis gas stream and a gas stream enriched in CO 2 .

Co-production of fuels, chemicals and electric power using turbochargers

A method and system for co-production of electric power, fuel, and chemicals in which a synthesis gas at a first pressure is expanded using a turbo-expander, simultaneously producing electric power and an expanded synthesis gas at a second pressure after which the expanded synthesis gas is converted to a fuel and/or a chemical.

Mixed valency metal sulfide sorbents for heavy metals

A sorbent, suitable for removing heavy metals, including mercury, from fluids containing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide at temperatures up to 550° C., in the form of a shaped unit comprising one or more mixed-valency metal sulphides of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt or nickel.

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

The present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as a design for carbon dioxide capture from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen and the capture of at least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. Through the use of a combination of hydrogen selective membranes and carbon dioxide selective membranes together with a carbon dioxide separation unit it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and improved process efficiency of the hydrogen generation plant.

Separation of gases

A process for separating a mixture of gases into a relatively condensable first component and a relatively non-condensable second component is provided. The first component comprises one or more gases selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulphide and hydrogen sulphide and the second component one or more gases selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxygen and synthesis gas. The process itself comprises the following steps: (a) compressing and cooling a mixture of said first and second components in at least one compressor and at least one heat exchanger to a temperature and elevated pressure at which the first components condense and a two-phase gas-liquid mixture is formed; (b) separating the two phase mixture so formed into separate liquid first and gaseous second component fractions in a fractionation unit; (c) extracting residual first component from the separated gaseous second component fraction by scrubbing the second component at elevated pressure with a solvent (e.g. methanol) in a scrubber. In examples, the method further includes one or more steps of warming and expanding the gaseous second component fraction using at least one heat exchanger to exchange heat with a process stream and at least one turbo-expander capable of recovering mechanical work. The process described is highly energy efficient and is especially useful in hydrogen power plants, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and for sweetening sour natural gas.

Hydrogen production by an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane gas reformer

A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas, said process comprises the steps of: (i) providing an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane reformer (APBMR) comprising: (a) an elongated external gas oxidation compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said external gas oxidation compartment; (b) an elongated internal gas steam-reforming compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed steam-reforming catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said internal gas steam-reforming compartment; (c) one or more hydrogen-separating membrane(s) positioned in said steam-reforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said steam-reforming compartment; (d) one insulation layer surrounding said external compartment; and, optionally, (e) one or more elongated internal gas oxidation compartment(s) positioned in said steamreforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said gas steam-reforming internal compartment, and comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at an extremity of said internal gas oxidation compartment(s); (ii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and air to said gas oxidation compartment(s) of said reformer; and (iii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and water to said gas steam-reforming compartment, wherein the water-to-gas molar ratio

Gas separation process for production of hydrogen by autothermal reforming of natural gas, with carbon dioxide recovery

Disclosed herein is a process for the production of hydrogen by autothermal reforming of natural gas, with simultaneous recovery of carbon dioxide using carbon dioxide-selective membrane separation. Residual gas from the hydrogen and carbon dioxide recovery is recycled back to the autothermal reformer.

Process For The Production Of Cellulose Based Biofuels

A process for the production of cellulose based biofuels is provided. This process includes pyrolysing a cellulose-containing feedstock to form a slurry of bioliquids and char; hydrocracking the slurry to produce a hydrocarbon gas stream, a hydrocarbon liquid stream, an impurities stream, and a residue stream; distilling the liquid hydrocarbon stream to produce at least a naphtha stream, and a diesel stream; and gasifying the residue stream to produce at least a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide stream.

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

This present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% of the carbon dioxide. The present invention further provides the design for capture of at least 80%, carbon dioxide from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. By using the process of the present invention, especially in terms of a hydrogen generation plant, it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and capture of the carbon dioxide in the syngas stream by balancing the recycle of the hydrogen rich permeate from the hydrogen membrane separation units to the process unit and/or the water gas shift as capacity allows when a carbon dioxide separation unit, a carbon dioxide membrane separation unit and two hydrogen membrane separation units are utilized.

Conversion of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and electrical power

A process for reducing CO 2 emissions from combined cycle power generation processes utilizing a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, which includes splitting the hydrocarbon feed into two portions; a first portion≦45% by volume of the feed and a larger portion≧55% by volume of the feed, feeding the first portion to an autothermal reforming process to generate a hydrogen-containing gas and a carbon dioxide stream, combining the hydrogen-containing stream with the second portion, combusting the resulting hydrogen-containing fuel stream with oxygen containing gas in a gas turbine to generate electrical power and passing the exhaust gas mixture from the gas turbine to a heat recovery steam generation system that feeds one or more steam turbines to generate additional electrical power. The captured carbon dioxide stream may be fed to storage or enhanced oil recovery processes. The process may be retrofitted into existing combined cycle processes.

Hydrogen generation assemblies and hydrogen purification devices

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a vaporization region with packing material configured to transfer heat from a heated exhaust stream to a liquid-containing feed stream, and/or an insulation base adjacent a combustion region and configured to reduce external temperature of an enclosure. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a cooling block configured to maintain an igniter assembly in thermal communication with a feed stream conduit, an igniter assembly including a catalytic coating, and/or a fuel stream distribution assembly. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a heat conducting assembly configured to conduct heat from external heaters to an enclosure portion. In some embodiments, the devices may include frames with membrane support structures and/or may include a microscreen structure configured to prevent intermetallic diffusion.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Method and a system for combined hydrogen and electricity production using petroleum fuels

A SOFC system for producing a refined carbon dioxide product, electrical power and a compressed hydrogen product is presented. Introducing a hydrocarbon fuel and steam to the SOFC system, operating the SOFC system such that the steam-to-carbon molar ratio in the pre-reformer is in a range of from about 3:1 to about 4:1, the oxygen in the reformer combustion chamber is in excess, greater than 90% of the carbon dioxide produced during the process forms the refined carbon dioxide product are steps in the process. An alternative fueling station having a SOFC system is useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles. Introducing steam and a hydrocarbon fuel, operating the alternative fueling station, coupling the alternative fuel vehicle to the alternative fueling station, introducing an amount of alternative fuel and decoupling the alternative fuel vehicle are steps in the method of use.

Hydrogen/syngas generator

The present invention relates to a compact, concentric auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator for production of hydrogen/syngas without any external heating. Further, the auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator of the present invention involves combination of reactions such as partial oxidation, steam reforming, dry reforming, auto thermal reforming, dry autothermal reforming, water gas shift, preferential oxidation or methanation that takes place without external heating, for converting air, steam and fuel into a reformate mainly containing CO, CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O which is subsequently converted to hydrogen/syngas as a feed for fuel cell or syngas applications.

Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system

A hydrogen manufacturing system for performing offgas flow control includes: a vaporizer ( 1 ) for heating a material mixture containing a hydrocarbon material; a reforming reactor ( 2 ) for generating hydrogen-containing reformed gas by reforming reactions of the material; a PSA separator ( 5 ) for repeating a cycle of adsorption and desorption, where in the adsorption PSA separation is performed with an adsorption tower loaded with an adsorbent to adsorb unnecessary components in the reformed gas and extract hydrogen-enriched gas out of the tower, and in the desorption the offgas containing the unnecessary components from the adsorbent and remaining hydrogen is discharged from the tower; and a buffer tank ( 6 ) for holding the offgas before supplying to the vaporizer. The offgas flow supply from the tank ( 6 ) to the vaporizer is changed continuously over time when the cycle time is changed according to load change on the separator ( 5 ).

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Process for working up an exhaust gas from a system for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonnium salts

A process for working up an exhaust gas A from a system for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with hydrogen, wherein the exhaust gas A comprises nitrogen monoxide, hydrogen, dinitrogen monoxide, nitrogen and ammonia, and at least some of the hydrogen present in the exhaust gas A is separated off from the exhaust gas A by means of a gas-tight membrane-electrode assembly which comprises at least one selectively proton-conducting membrane, a retentate side, a permeate side, and, on each side of the membrane, at least one electrode catalyst, wherein, on the retentate side of the membrane, at least some of the hydrogen is oxidized to protons at the anode catalyst and the protons, after crossing the membrane, are, on the permeate side, at the cathode catalyst according to I reduced to hydrogen and/or II reacted with oxygen to form water, wherein the oxygen originates from an oxygen-comprising stream O which is contacted with the permeate side.

System and method for heating a gasifier

A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a gasification fuel during a gasification mode. The system also includes a first injector configured to inject a heat control fuel and an oxygen enriched air into the gasifier for combustion during a heat control mode. The heat control fuel is the same or different from the gasification fuel, and the oxygen enriched air includes air enriched with additional oxygen.

Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

Method and device for producing process vapor and boiler feed steam in a heatable reforming reactor for producing synthesis gas

A method for producing process vapor and boiler feed steam in a heatable reforming reactor for producing synthesis gas. The sensible heat of a synthesis gas produced from hydrocarbons and steam can be used so that two types of vapor are produced during the heating and evaporation of boiler feed water and process condensate. The method also includes a conversion of the carbon monoxide contained in the synthesis gas. The method includes an optional heating of the boiler feed water using the flue gas from the heating of the reforming reactor. The sensible heat of the synthesis gas and of the flue gas originating from the heating can be used more efficiently. The disadvantages from the flue gas heating, which are caused by the fluctuating heat supply in the flue gas duct, are avoided. A system for practicing the method is also disclosed.

Carbon capture in fermentation

The invention relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO. The methods of the invention include converting CO to one or more products including alcohols and/or acids and optionally capturing CO2 to improve overall carbon capture. In certain aspects, the invention relates to processes for producing alcohols, particularly ethanol, from industrial waste streams, particularly steel mill off-gas.

Process for generating a synthetic natural gas

A process is described for reducing the thiophene content in a synthesis gas mixture, comprising comprises the steps of (i) passing a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and containing thiophene over a copper-containing sorbent disposed in a sorbent vessel at an inlet temperature in the range 200-280 oC, (ii) withdrawing a thiophene depleted synthesis gas containing methanol from the sorbent vessel, and (iii) adjusting the temperature of the methanol-containing thiophene-depleted synthesis gas mixture. The resulting gas mixture may be used for production of chemicals, e.g. methanol production or for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons, for hydrogen production by using water gas shift, or for the production of synthetic natural gas.

Gasification Method for Reducing Emission of Carbon Dioxide

Provided is a gasification method of a carbon-containing material, the method including: (a) reacting a carbon-containing material to be treated under the presence of a catalyst with steam to produce a syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) generating a carbon dioxide rich gas by introducing a portion of the syngas that has produced in step (a) into a combustion process, and/or separating hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the syngas produced in step (a); and (c) recycling, to step (a), the carbon dioxide rich gas that has been produced in step (b). By the method, the necessity of separating or collecting and storing carbon dioxide for reducing carbon dioxide is eliminated to minimize costs for constructing a special device and facility for the separation or collecting and storage of the carbon dioxide.

Hydrogen separation device

The hydrogen separation device comprises a laminate formed by laminating and integrating a hydrogen separation layer, a mixed gas layer kept adjacent to one surface of the hydrogen separation layer and having a mixed gas flow path, and a transmitted gas layer kept adjacent to the other surface of the hydrogen separation layer and having a transmitted gas flow path, and a vessel containing the laminate therein and filled with a buffer gas, wherein a buffer space is provided between the laminate and the inner wall of the vessel in which a buffer gas can reach at least one end face of the laminate in the lamination direction, and wherein the pressure in the buffer space is equal to or higher than the higher one of the pressure in the mixed gas flow path and the pressure in the transmitted gas flow path.

Hydrogen generation assemblies and hydrogen purification devices

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include a permeate frame with a membrane support structure having first and second membrane support plates that are free from perforations and that include a plurality of microgrooves configured to provide flow channels for at least part of the permeate stream. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a return conduit fluidly connecting a buffer tank and a reformate conduit, a return valve assembly configured to manage flow in the return conduit, and a control assembly configured to operate a fuel processing assembly between run and standby modes based, at least in part, on detected pressure in the buffer tank and configured to direct the return valve assembly to allow product hydrogen stream to flow from the buffer tank to the reformate conduit when the fuel processing assembly is in the standby mode.

Synthesis Gas Reaction and Processing System

A process wherein synthesis gas is reacted to produce desired products, such as alcohols, and wherein by-products, such as methane, are reformed to provide hydrogen and carbon monoxide that is recycled to the feed of synthesis gas. The process also may provide for the recycle of unreacted hydrogen and unreacted carbon monoxide to the feed of synthesis gas.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REGENERATING ABSORBER BED FOR DRYING COMPRESSED HUMIDIFIED HYDROGEN

A system for compressing and drying hydrogen is provided. The system may have a humidifier configured to receive and humidify a concentrated hydrogen stream and produce a first humidified hydrogen stream. The system may also have a compressor configured to receive and compress the first humidified hydrogen stream, and produce a pressurized humidified hydrogen stream. The system may further have a dryer including a first bed configured to in production mode receive the pressurized humidified hydrogen stream, absorb at least a portion of the humidity, and produce a product hydrogen stream. The first bed may further be configured to in regeneration mode receive a portion of the concentrated hydrogen stream to regenerate the first bed, and produce a second humidified hydrogen stream. 1. A system for compressing hydrogen , comprising:a humidifier configured to receive and humidify a concentrated hydrogen stream and produce a first humidified hydrogen stream;a compressor configured to receive and compress the first humidified hydrogen stream, and produce a pressurized humidified hydrogen stream; and in production mode receive the pressurized humidified hydrogen stream, absorb at least a portion of the humidity, and producing a product hydrogen stream; and', 'in regeneration mode receive a portion of the concentrated hydrogen stream to regenerate the first bed producing a second humidified hydrogen stream., 'a dryer including a first bed configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second humidified hydrogen is supplied to the compressor while the dryer is in regeneration mode.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the dryer further includes a second bed being configured to:in production mode receive the pressurized humidified hydrogen stream and adsorb at least a portion of the humidity, producing a product hydrogen stream; andin regeneration mode receive a portion of the concentrated hydrogen stream to regenerate the second bed producing a second humidified hydrogen ...

PREPARATION METHOD OF CATALYST COMPRISING A RUTHENIUM-CONTAINING CATALYST LAYER FORMED ON THE BODY SURFACE

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst comprising a ruthenium-containing catalyst layer highly dispersed with a uniform thickness on a surface of a substrate having a structure, which comprises first aging a mixed solution of a ruthenium precursor-containing solution and a precipitating agent to form a ruthenium-containing precipitate seeds, secondarily aging the first aged mixed solution to grow the seeds thereby forming ruthenium-containing precipitate particles, and then contacting the particles with a substrate to deposit the particles on the surface of the substrate. Since the catalyst has a structure in which the round shaped ruthenium-containing precipitate particles are piled to form the ruthenium-containing catalyst layer, it has a large specific surface area. Thus, the catalyst may exhibit excellent catalytic performance in various reactions for producing hydrogen using a ruthenium catalyst. 1. A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a ruthenium-containing catalyst layer formed on a surface of a substrate having a structure , which comprises:adding a precipitating agent to a ruthenium (Ru) precursor-containing solution to obtain a mixed solution (step 1);first aging the mixed solution of the step 1 at 10° C. to 40° C. to form ruthenium-containing precipitate seeds (step 2);secondarily aging the first aged mixed solution at 80° C. to 100° C. to grow the ruthenium-containing precipitate seeds, thereby forming ruthenium-containing precipitate particles (step 3);contacting the secondarily aged mixed solution with the substrate to coat the surface of the substrate with the ruthenium-containing precipitate particles, thereby inducing the formation of a ruthenium-containing layer (step 4); andconducting a heat treatment of the ruthenium-containing layer (step 5).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step 2 and the step 3 are performed in order.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is introduced to the first aged mixed ...

HYDROGEN AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING PROCESS

A process for on-site hydrogen reforming is disclosed. The process includes providing a combined reformer heat exchanger component in which heated air, steam, and hydrocarbon fuel react to form process gas containing hydrogen, and the process gas is cooled via the heat exchanger. The combined components enable reductions in size, materials, costs, and heat loss. Additionally, as the heat exchanger side of the component operates at a cooler temperature, an uninsulated flange for access to the catalyst chamber can be used. A combined combustion heat exchanger component is also provided with similar advantages. Process gas is processed, and hydrogen gas is produced via a purification process. 1. A hydrogen reforming process comprising the steps of:providing a combined reformer heat exchanger component having a first chamber adapted to enable a reforming reaction and a second chamber adapted to house a first heat exchanger,inputting fuel into said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,inputting heated air and steam into said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,enabling a reforming reaction to produce a process gas containing hydrogen in said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,feeding said process gas into said second chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,cooling said process gas in said second chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component and allowing said process gas to leave said reformer heat exchanger component at a heat exchanger exit,further cooling said process gas after it leaves said reformer heat exchanger component, andpurifying said process gas and producing a hydrogen product.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:providing a catalyst section having at least one catalyst element within said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component to assist in the reforming reaction.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising the step of: ...

AMMONIA PRODUCTION METHOD

High purity hydrogen is produced by a steam reforming hydrogen production unit with at least one of a bayonet reactor for reforming steam and a hydrocarbon, a recuperative burner, and a regenerative burner such that the steam reforming unit produces little or no steam in excess of the steam reforming process requirements. High purity hydrogen is separated from the syngas exiting the reformer via a pressure swing adsorption unit and combined with high purity nitrogen from an air separation unit as feedstock to a Haber process ammonia synthesis unit. Compressors for the ammonia synthesis unit are driven by higher efficiency drivers than are possible using the low temperature steam conventionally exported from a steam reforming unit. Compression power requirements are reduced. 1. A method of producing ammonia within a combination of a hydrogen production unit and a Haber process unit , the method comprising:reforming reactants of steam and a hydrocarbon feedstock in a bayonet reforming reactor tube in the hydrogen production unit to produce a reformate syngas at a first temperature;cooling the reformate within the bayonet reforming reactor tube to a second temperature lower than the first temperature;separating the reformate syngas in a pressure swing adsorption unit to produce a high purity hydrogen stream containing at least 90% hydrogen by volume and a tail gas stream;separating air in an air separation unit to produce a high purity nitrogen stream containing at least 90% nitrogen by volume;combining the high purity hydrogen stream and the high purity nitrogen stream into a mixture; andcompressing and processing the mixture in a Haber process unit comprising at least one compressor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of steam raised in the hydrogen production unit is consumed in the production unit to reform the high purity hydrogen stream.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the steam is generated by cooling the reformate syngas against boiler feed water ...

Steam methane reformer system and method of performing a steam methane reforming process

An apparatus includes a furnace having at least one bayonet reforming tube. The furnace is adapted to receive a gas including a hydrocarbon and at least one of steam and carbon dioxide via the bayonet reforming tube, heat and catalytically react the gas to form syngas at a first temperature, cool the syngas to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and eject the syngas from the tube. The furnace has a first effluent stream including flue gas and a second effluent stream including syngas. The apparatus also includes a first heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the first effluent stream to a first heat load including one of air, water, and steam, and a second heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the second effluent stream to a second heat load.

ENERGETICALLY ENHANCED REFORMING PROCESS

Methods and systems for producing hydrogen from methane or other fuels that has lower input heat requirements than conventional steam reformation schemes are provided. The system has a reactor with a controlled feed of fuel, water/steam, CO and recycle gases. The methods generally use significantly high amounts of steam (water) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the feed that substantially enhances the reaction rate of the water-gas shift reaction, which transforms CO and HO to COand H. Since this reaction is exothermic, its enhancement alters the endothermic nature of the overall reforming process to the point where the overall reforming process is no longer endothermic. The CO requirements may be met in part with the reverse water-gas shift reaction from COproduced by the reactor. The lower heat requirements may be satisfied with renewable sources such as solar or from hydrogen produced by the system. 1. An energy efficient method for the production of hydrogen gas , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '4, '(a) flowing a HO/CO/CHfeed into a reactor;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '4, '(b) reforming the feed gases to produce a stream of H, COand residual HO, CO and CHfeed gases;'}{'sub': '2', '(c) separating HO from the stream and recycling separated water to the reactor;'}{'sub': '2', '(d) separating COfrom the stream;'}{'sub': '2', '(e) purifying Hfrom the stream; and'}{'sub': '2', '(f) recycling remaining gases from the Hseparation to the reactor.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', 'converting COfrom the stream to CO; and'}recycling the CO to the reactor feed.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:combusting hydrogen gas from an output stream of purified hydrogen gas to provide system heat requirements.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor feed ratio of HO/CO/CHis 18/15/1.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor operating temperature and pressure are 1140K and 5 bar respectively.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat ...

PROCESS FOR MAKING AMMONIA

A process for production of ammonia includes: providing a reaction stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen; passing the reaction stream and steam over a water gas shift catalyst in a catalytic shift reactor, forming a shifted gas mixture depleted in carbon monoxide and enriched in hydrogen; passing the shifted gas mixture with an oxygen-containing gas over a selective oxidation catalyst at ≧175° C., forming a selectively oxidized gas stream with a portion of the carbon monoxide converted to carbon dioxide; removing some of the carbon dioxide from the selectively oxidized gas stream in a carbon dioxide removal unit; passing the carbon dioxide depleted stream over a methanation catalyst in a methanator to form a methanated gas stream, optionally adjusting its hydrogen:nitrogen molar ratio to form an ammonia synthesis gas; and passing the ammonia synthesis gas over an ammonia synthesis catalyst in an ammonia converter to form ammonia. 114-. (canceled)15. A process for the production of ammonia comprising the steps of:(a) providing a reaction stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen;(b) passing the reaction stream and steam over a water gas shift catalyst in a catalytic shift reactor to form a shifted gas mixture containing methanol;(c) passing the shifted gas mixture with an oxygen-containing gas over a selective oxidation catalyst at an inlet temperature ≧175° C. to form a selectively oxidised gas stream;(d) removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and steam from the selectively oxidised gas stream in a carbon dioxide removal unit;(e) passing the carbon dioxide depleted stream over a methanation catalyst in a methanator to form a methanated gas stream,and(f) passing the methanated gas stream over an ammonia synthesis catalyst in an ammonia converter to form ammonia.16. A process according to wherein the inlet temperature is in the range 175° C. to 250° C.17. A process according to wherein the selective oxidation is operated adiabatically in the ...

High throughput methane pyrolysis reactor for low-cost hydrogen production

A system for hydrocarbon decomposition comprising a reactor volume, a mechanism to distribute the liquid catalyst as a liquid mist, a distributor to distribute a hydrocarbon reactant, a heat source, a separator to separate the solid product from the liquid catalyst, a re-circulation path and mechanism to re-circulate the liquid catalyst, and an outlet for at least one gaseous product. A system to distribute a liquid to an enclosed volume as a mist has a plurality of orifices designed to break the liquid into a mist. A method to decompose a hydrocarbon reactant includes generating a mist of a liquid catalyst, heating the reactor volume, introducing a hydrocarbon reactant into the reactor volume to produce a solid product and a gaseous product, separating the solid product from the liquid catalyst, removing the solid and gaseous products from the reactor volume, and recirculating the liquid catalyst to the reactor volume.

TAIL GAS HEATING WITHIN PSA SURGE TANK

The present invention relates to a method of improving the efficiency of an integrated hydrogen generation system by the introduction of a means to heat the PSA tail gas within the PSA surge tank. 1. A method of improving the efficiency of an integrated hydrogen generation system comprising:producing a syngas stream in a steam reformer which has a combustion zone;introducing at least a portion of the syngas stream to a water gas shift reactor;cooling the shifted syngas stream to produce a cooled shifted syngas stream;introducing the cooled shifted syngas stream into a pressure swing adsorption unit, thereby producing a stream of predominantly hydrogen and a tail gas comprising predominantly byproducts;routing said tail gas to one or more surge tank(s) having a heat exchange device disposed therein and indirectly heating said tail gas by passing it over a surface of said heat exchange device inside which a hot fluid is cooled, thereby obtaining a heated tail gas; androuting said heated tail gas to the combustion zone of a reformer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a heated tail gas temperature ranges from about 150 to 500° F.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange device is a coil claim 1 , or a heat exchanger.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is a saturated or superheated low pressure steam stream from 225 to 400° F.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is a saturated or superheated high pressure steam stream from 350 to 800° F.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is heated water.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is syngas generated in the steam reformer.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat ...

PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

A process to efficiently convert organic feedstock material into liquid non-oxygenated hydrocarbons in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range is disclosed. The process can utilize gaseous, liquid or solid organic feedstocks containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen. The feedstock may require preparation of the organic feedstock for the process and is converted first into a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then cleaned and conditioned and extraneous components removed, leaving substantially only the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is then converted via a series of chemical reactions into the desired liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine and may be regarded a replacement for petrol made from fossil fuels in the Cto Ccarbon backbone range. The process also recycles gaseous by-products back through the various reactors of the process to maximize the liquid hydrocarbon in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range yield. 1. A process for producing a Cto Chydrocarbon fuel from organic material , comprising:a) applying a heat source to heat an organic feedstock and oxygen at substoichiometric conditions to a temperature sufficient for partial combustion of said organic feedstock to occur and then ceasing application of said heat source once partial combustion has commenced;b) partially combusting said organic feedstock so as to produce a synthesis gas stream, said synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;{'sub': '10', 'c) substantially removing unwanted solid and liquid matter comprising oxides, ash and hydrocarbons having a carbon skeleton of greater than Cfrom said synthesis gas stream to produce a first cleaned synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;'}d) compressing said first cleaned synthesis gas stream and substantially removing water;e) conditioning and further cleaning the first cleaned ...

REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

Herein disclosed is a method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprising introducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME). In some cases, the reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. In some cases, the hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME).2. The method of wherein said reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.3. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane or a hydrogen membrane coated with an erosion resistant layer.4. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.5. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.6. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.7. The method of wherein a renewable fuel is used in the regenerator.8. The method of wherein the renewable fuel comprises landfill gas claim 7 , bio-digester gas claim 7 , pyrolysis oils and liquid fuels claim 7 , spent glycerol claim 7 , biomass derived syngas claim 7 , bio-ethanol.9. The method of wherein the regenerator comprises an air pre-heater and the method utilizes full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the air pre-heater.10. The method of comprising using full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the regenerator.11. The method of wherein the renewable fuel used in the regenerator comprises ...

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of wherein no steam or oxygen injection is needed.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) ...

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of configured to use no process water and no oxygen.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. The reactor of comprising one or more internal ...

CONVERSION OF METHANE TO DIMETHYL ETHER

Herein disclosed is a method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprising introducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to DME in one step. In some cases, the reformer comprises a Ni catalyst. In some cases, the reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. The hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to DME in one step.2. The method of wherein said reformer comprises a Ni catalyst.3. The method of wherein said reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.4. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane.5. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.6. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 4 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.7. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is placed vertically in said reformer as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reformer.8. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is coated with an erosion resistant layer.9. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams enter the bottom of the reformer via a manifold or distributor.10. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams fluidize the catalyst in the reformer.11. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.12. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.13. The method of wherein regenerated catalyst is ...

AMMONIA-UREA INTEGRATED PROCESS AND PLANT

A process for the production of ammonia and urea in an ammonia-urea integrated plant comprising an ammonia section and a tied-in urea section, wherein a hydrocarbon is reformed to produce ammonia make-up synthesis gas; said make-up gas is purified by shift conversion and removal of carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide is removed from the make-up gas by a first and a second CO2 removal sections;the first section removes CO2 by absorption with a suitable medium, and the second section removes CO2 by washing with a carbamate solution taken from the urea section; the make-up gas is reacted to produce ammonia; the CO2 removed from the make-up gas and at least part of the ammonia are used to produce urea. 1) A process for the production of ammonia and urea in an ammonia-urea integrated plant comprising:reforming a hydrocarbon source obtaining a make-up gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein said make-up gas after purification is converted into ammonia,at least part of the synthesized ammonia provides the ammonia feed of a urea synthesis process, said urea synthesis process also receiving a carbon dioxide feed,the urea synthesis process comprising the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea synthesis section to form a urea aqueous solution, and subsequent treatment of said solution in a urea recovery section,{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'wherein the purification of the make-up gas comprises removal of COby means of a first step of COremoval in a first COremoval unit and a second step of COremoval in a second COremoval unit, which are carried out in series or in parallel, said first and second COremoval units not being said urea synthesis section,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'one of said first and second COremoval steps comprises washing CO-containing make-up gas with a carbamate solution taken from said urea recovery section,'}{'sub': '2', 'and said carbon dioxide feed of the urea synthesis process comprises at least part of the carbon dioxide separated from said ...

HYDROGENATION OF OXYGENATED MOLECULES FROM BIOMASS REFINING

The present disclosure relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules. 1103-. (canceled)104. A method for producing 2-butanone and a conversion product , the method comprising:dehydrogenating 2-butanol to yield 2-butanone, thereby releasing hydrogen;using hydrogen released from the dehydrogenating in a conversion reaction, wherein the conversion reaction converts a biomass-derived molecule to a conversion product; andrecovering 2-butanone and the conversion product.105. The method of claim 104 , wherein the biomass-derived molecule is derived from lignocellulosic biomass.106. The method of claim 105 , wherein the biomass-derived molecule is selected from a saccharide claim 105 , a dehydrated saccharide claim 105 , a halodehydrated saccharide claim 105 , a dehydrated and partially-hydrogenated saccharide claim 105 , and a hydrogenated saccharide claim 105 , or a combination thereof.107. The method of claim 104 , wherein the biomass-derived molecule is selected from a monosaccharide claim 104 , an oligosaccharide claim 104 , furfural claim 104 , halofurfural claim 104 , methyl furfural claim 104 , furfuryl alcohol claim 104 , methyl furfuryl alcohol claim 104 , (methoxymethyl)-methyl furfural claim 104 , hydroxymethylfurfural claim 104 , 2-methylfuran claim 104 , dimethylfuran claim 104 , 2 claim 104 ,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan claim 104 , 5-hydroxymethyl-2-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl] furan claim 104 , 2-methyl-5[(1-methylmethoxy)methyl] furan claim 104 , bis(1-methoxyethoxy)-methyl furan claim 104 , tetrahydrofuran claim 104 , levoglucosenone claim 104 , 1 claim 104 ,2 claim 104 ,6-hexanetriol claim 104 , 1 claim 104 ,2 claim 104 ,5-pentanetriol claim 104 , 1 claim 104 ,2 claim 104 ,4-butanetriol claim 104 , 2 claim 104 ,4-dihydroxy butanoic acid claim 104 , 2 claim 104 ,4-hydroxybutanoic acid claim 104 , succinic acid claim 104 , malic acid claim 104 , ...

Carbon capture in fermentation

The invention relates to a steel mill adapted to provide gas stream(s) comprising CO to a microbial fermentation, the steel mill comprising a steel mill structure containing apparatus for a steel manufacturing process wherein said apparatus produces waste gases during various stages of the steel making process, said waste gases being directed into the atmosphere by a waste stack, wherein the waste stack is connected to a fermentation system by a transfer means connected to the waste stack to divert at least a portion of the waste gases to the microbial fermentation system.

PORTABLE DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN, AND USE THEREOF

Portable device () for producing hydrogen from a hydrogen precursor and a liquid, this device comprising—a main chamber (), intended for receiving said hydrogen precursor and said liquid, —an additional chamber (), intended for collecting the hydrogen thus produced, —a separation membrane (), defining said main chamber relative to said additional chamber, —means () for discharging the hydrogen out of the additional chamber, and characterized in that it comprises heat exchange means (), provided on at least one portion of the periphery of said main chamber. This device produces pure hydrogen which may supply a fuel cell. 1. A portable device for producing hydrogen from a hydrogen precursor and a liquid , the portable device comprising:a main enclosure, intended for receiving said hydrogen precursor and said liquid,an additional chamber, intended to collect hydrogen thus produced,a separation membrane, delimiting said main enclosure with respect to said additional chamber,means for discharging the hydrogen, out of the additional chamber, and characterized in that it comprises heat exchange means, provided on at least part of the periphery of said main enclosure.2. The portable device according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least one active cooling means that cooperates with said heat exchange means.3. The portable device according to claim 2 , characterized in that it comprises ventilation means that cooperate with the heat exchange means.4. The portable device according to claim 3 , characterized in that it comprises means for measuring the temperature at a wall of the main enclosure.5. The portable device according to claim 4 , characterized in that it comprises slaving means claim 4 , for slaving the active cooling means to the temperature measurement means.6. The portable device according to claim 5 , characterized in that this device further comprises means for removably fixing the additional chamber with respect to the main enclosure.7. The ...

PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND FT PRODUCTS BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING

Process control parameters for production of hydrogen and FT products by steam/CO2 reforming include controlling steam reformer temperature, addition of steam, CO and optionally, biogas. Optimization of parameters have resulted in increased production of H, removal of sulfur and halogen contaminants, and control of the H/CO ratio for efficient generation of Fischer-Tropsch products. 1. A method of generating at least one of Hand Fischer Tropsch liquids , the method comprising:receiving feedstock into an initial reformer;reforming, in the initial reformer, at least a portion of the feedstock with steam to produce an input gas, wherein an amount of the input gas is syngas;transferring the input gas from the initial reformer to a main reformer;reforming, in the main reformer, the input gas with steam to increase the amount of syngas;transferring the syngas from the main reformer to a Fischer Tropsch module;using the syngas in a Fischer Tropsch reaction; and{'sub': '2', 'extracting from the Fischer Tropsch module HO and at least one of Fischer Tropsch liquids generated by the Fischer Tropsch reaction and H2 generated by the Fischer Tropsch reactions.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transferring CO claim 1 , H claim 1 , and COgenerated by the Fischer Tropsch reaction to the main reformer.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising transferring hydrocarbons containing at least five carbon atoms generated by the Fischer Tropsch reaction to the main reformer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein transferring the syngas from the main reformer into the Fischer Tropsch module further comprises condensing HO from the syngas prior to the syngas entering the Fischer Tropsch module.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the syngas claim 1 , when transferred into the Fischer Tropsch module claim 1 , has a H/CO ratio between 1.5 to 3.5.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the H/CO ratio is about 2.16.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the H/CO ratio is about 2.38. The method ...

Purification method and purification apparatus for off-gas

The present invention relates to a purification method and a purification apparatus for off-gas. More specifically, the present invention relates to a purification method and a purification apparatus for off-gas, capable of lowering the concentration of hydrogen chloride and separating high-purity hydrogen from the off-gas, which is discharged after performing a polysilicon deposition process by a chemical vapor deposition reaction.

APPARATUS FOR PRECOOLING AND PURIFYING HYDROGEN

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for precooling and purifying hydrogen including a body which includes a first chamber and a second chamber disposed in the first chamber with the second chamber being filled with a liquid cooling medium, a first cyclone chamber disposed in the second chamber and connected to a hydrogen supply pipe on an upper of one side thereof to allow the hydrogen which flows therein to move downward rotating to perform thermal exchange with the cooling medium and separation of impurities therefrom, a first hydrogen discharge pipe to allow hydrogen to flow from the first cyclone chamber to the outside, and an ortho-para hydrogen converting catalyst disposed on a path through which hydrogen which flows in the first hydrogen discharge pipe moves to allow ortho-para hydrogen conversion to be performed. 1. An apparatus for precooling and purifying hydrogen comprising:a body which comprises a first chamber and a second chamber installed in the first chamber with an insulating layer between an outer circumferential surface of the second chamber and an inner circumferential surface of the first chamber, wherein the second chamber is filled with a liquid cooling medium;a first cyclone chamber installed in the second chamber and connected to a hydrogen supply pipe through which hydrogen is supplied from the outside on an upper portion of one side of the first cyclone chamber, wherein the hydrogen introduced on the inside moves downward rotating to perform thermal exchange with the cooling medium and separation of impurities therefrom;a first hydrogen discharge pipe disposed in a central portion of the first cyclone chamber, wherein the hydrogen which has moved downward in the first cyclone chamber flows through a lower end of the first hydrogen discharge pipe;an ortho-para hydrogen converting catalyst disposed in a path in the second chamber, wherein the hydrogen which flows in the first hydrogen discharge pipe moves through the path to allow ortho-para ...

Hydrogen supply system

A hydrogen supply system includes: a controller; and an electrochemical hydrogen pump including: an electrolyte membrane; a pair of electrodes provided on two surfaces of the electrolyte membrane; and a current adjuster adjusting a current flowing between the electrodes, the electrochemical hydrogen pump performs a hydrogen supply operation supplying pressure-boosted hydrogen to a hydrogen demander by allowing a current to flow between the electrodes by the current adjuster; and when a cumulative hydrogen supply amount which is supplied to the hydrogen demander from start to completion of the hydrogen supply operation to the hydrogen demander from the electrochemical hydrogen pump is smaller than a cumulative hydrogen supply amount in another hydrogen supply operation, the controller controls the current adjuster so that the current flowing between the electrodes is decreased to be smaller than that in the another hydrogen supply operation.

Polygeneration Production of Power and Fertilizer Through Emissions Capture

Method for the production of ammonia, and optionally urea, from a flue gas effluent from an oxy-fired process, wherein the production of ammonia and optionally urea includes a net power production. Also provided is a method to effect cooling in an oxy-fired process with air separation unit exit gases utilizing either closed or open cooling loop cycles. 1. A method for the production of ammonia from exhaust flue gases of an oxygen-fired process , the method comprising the steps of:supplying a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous feedstock and oxygen to an oxygen-fired process to produce an exhaust flue gas, said exhaust flue gas comprising carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;supplying the exhaust flue gas to a first reactor, said first reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert at least a portion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and produce a modified exhaust flue gas;supplying the modified exhaust flue gas to a second reactor, said second reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert any remaining carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide-rich exhaust flue gas;supplying the carbon dioxide-rich exhaust flue gas from the second reactor to a first condenser to remove water and produce a gas stream comprising primarily hydrogen and carbon dioxide;supplying the gas stream comprising primarily hydrogen and carbon dioxide from the first condenser to a carbon dioxide stripper to produce a hydrogen stream and a high purity carbon dioxide stream, said carbon dioxide stripper being charged with a solvent suitable for extracting a carbon dioxide, and wherein the hydrogen stream comprises minor amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;supplying the hydrogen stream to a third reactor, said third reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured for the production methane from the minor amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide present in the hydrogen stream, said third reactor producing a methane product ...

Processing methane for syngas production with reduced co2 emissions

A method for processing methane includes processing methane in presence of a carbon dioxide stream, whereby a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen is produced. The synthesis gas is contacted with a carbon monoxide-absorbing solution, thereby removing at least a portion of the carbon monoxide and producing a final synthesis gas having an increased ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING OF MATERIALS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE TORCH

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like. 1. An apparatus for processing input material , comprising:a reactor vessel defining a combustion zone; the reactor vessel further having at least one input port for receiving the input feedstock, the input feedstock being directed proximally to the at least one flame;', 'the reactor vessel further having an output for discharging a primary reactor output stream;', 'at least one cooler coupled to receive the primary reactor output stream and operable to cool the primary reactor output stream and generate a secondary output stream;, 'the reactor vessel having at least one input for a combustible torch fuel to at least one torch nozzle, the at least one torch nozzle being adapted to generate at least one flame within said reactor;'}a scrubber, coupled to receive the secondary output stream from the cooler/separator, the scrubber being operable to further extract at least one gas from the secondary output stream.2. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel further has an input for receiving a supply of steam.3. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel comprises hydrogen.4. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the combustible torch fuel further comprises methane.5. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel is combined with oxygen.6. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel comprises acetylene.7. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel further having at least one input port ...

PROCESS

The invention provides a process for separating hydrogen from a gaseous feed stream in a polymerisation process, comprising the steps i) polymerising an olefin monomer and optionally at least one olefin comonomer, in the presence of a solvent optionally in the presence of hydrogen, so as to form a polymerisation reaction mixture comprising a polyolefin polymer, unreacted monomer(s), solvent and hydrogen; ii) separating said polyolefin polymer from said unreacted monomer(s), solvent and hydrogen; iii) feeding said unreacted monomer(s) and hydrogen to a condenser so as to form said gaseous feed stream; iv) contacting said gaseous feed stream with a hydrogen separating membrane so as to form a hydrogen-rich gaseous stream and a hydrogen-lean gaseous stream. 1. A process for separating hydrogen from a gaseous feed stream in a polymerisation process , comprising the steps:i. polymerising an olefin monomer and optionally at least one olefin comonomer, in the presence of a solvent, optionally in the presence of hydrogen, so as to form a polymerisation reaction mixture comprising a polyolefin polymer, unreacted monomer(s), solvent and hydrogen;ii. separating said polyolefin polymer from said unreacted monomer(s), solvent and hydrogen;iii. feeding said unreacted monomer(s), solvent and hydrogen to a separator so as to form said gaseous feed stream;iv. contacting said gaseous feed stream with a hydrogen separating membrane so as to form a hydrogen-rich gaseous stream and a hydrogen-lean gaseous stream.2. The process as claimed in or , wherein said polymerisation process is a solution polymerisation process.3. The process as claimed in any of to , further comprisingv. recycling the hydrogen-lean gaseous stream from step iv to step i.4. The process as claimed in any of to , wherein said polyolefin is polyethylene.5. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said polyethylene is a polyethylene homopolymer or a polyethylene copolymer of ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin ...

UNCONDITIONED SYNGAS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF CLEANING UP SAME FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESSING

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. An unconditioned syngas generated by steam reforming of biomass in the presence of carbon dioxide and suitable for the production of Fischer-Tropsch products therefrom , the unconditioned syngas having a component composition comprising:(a) a carbon monoxide concentration ranging from between 5 volume percent to 35 volume percent on a dry basis;(b) a hydrogen concentration ranging from between 20 volume percent to 60 volume percent on a dry basis;(c) one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC) selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, cresol, and combinations thereof, the VOC concentration ranges from between 500 parts per million by volume to 10,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(d) one or more semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) selected from the group consisting of indene, indan, napthalene, methylnapthalene, acenapthylene, acenapthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, (methyl-) anthracenes/phenanthrenes, pyrene/fluoranthene, methylpyrenes/benzofluorenes, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, methylchrysenes, methylbenz[a]anthracenes, perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,kl]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and combinations thereof, the SVOC concentration ranges from between 10 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(e) a hydrogen chloride concentration ranging from between greater than 0 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis; and(f) a hydrogen sulfide concentration ...

Process for producing ammonia synthesis gas and a related front-end of an ammonia plant

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon source, comprising: conversion of the hydrocarbon source into a raw synthesis gas ( 14 ) in ATR or POX reactor ( 11 ) which is fired with oxygen ( 12 ) or oxygen-enriched air ( 28 ); a water-gas shift treatment of the raw synthesis gas ( 14 ), which consist of a medium-temperature shift ( 15 ) at a temperature of 200-300° C., thus obtaining a shifted synthesis gas ( 16 ); purification of said shifted synthesis gas ( 16 ) including at least a step of pressure-swing adsorption ( 17 ) to remove residual carbon oxides and methane from the synthesis gas, obtaining a purified synthesis gas ( 18 ), and optionally, addition of nitrogen ( 19 ) to said purified synthesis gas ( 18 ), thus obtaining ammonia synthesis gas with a desired hydrogen to nitrogen ratio.

DISTRIBUTED HYDROGEN EXTRACTION SYSTEM

A hydrogen extraction system is provided. The extraction system can comprise a compressor for compressing a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and a desulfurization unit for receiving the compressed gas mixture. The system can also comprise a hydrogen-extraction device for receiving a reduced-sulfur gas mixture and a hydrogen storage device for receiving an extracted hydrogen gas. A method of extracting hydrogen from a gas mixture comprising natural gas and hydrogen, and a method of determining an energy price are also provided. 1. A system for monitoring a flow of hydrogen gas mixture , the system comprising:a meter for determining a mass flow rate of hydrogen gas;a meter determining a mass flow rate of natural gas;wherein the system is configured to multiply the mass flow rate of hydrogen gas by a factor for hydrogen gas;wherein the system is configured to multiply the mass flow rate of natural gas by a factor for natural gas; andwherein the system is configured to determine an energy price by adding i) the product of the mass flow rate of hydrogen gas and a factor for hydrogen gas and ii) the product of the mass flow rate of natural gas by a factor for natural gas.2. The system of claim 1 , further configured to determine the mass flow rate of natural gas by subtracting the mass flow rate of hydrogen gas from a flow rate of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen gas and natural gas.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the factor for hydrogen gas comprises a market value factor for hydrogen gas.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the factor for natural gas comprises a market value factor for natural gas.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the factor for hydrogen gas comprises a factor to account for the value added to a network by the return of hydrogen gas to the network and the factor for natural gas comprises a factor to account for the value depleted from a network by the extraction of hydrogen gas from the network.6. The system of claim 1 , further configured to supply ...

Process for converting of methane steam reforming syngas with co2

In an embodiment, a process of making C 2+ hydrocarbons comprises contacting a feed comprising a methane steam reforming gas and an additional carbon dioxide with a manganese oxide-copper oxide catalyst to produce a product syngas in a contacting zone under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 620 to 650° C.; and converting the product syngas to C 2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; wherein the methane steam reforming gas has an initial H 2 :CO volume ratio greater than 3; wherein the product syngas has a H 2 :CO volume ratio of 1.5 to 3; and wherein the contacting further comprises removing water.

METHODS OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND SOLID CARBON

A method for producing hydrogen, includes heating a process feed gas stream, flowing the process feed gas stream into a first reaction zone, flowing the intermediate gas stream into a second reaction zone, removing the solid carbon product from the second reaction zone, removing the tail gas stream from the second reaction zone, and removing hydrogen from the tail gas stream. The process gas stream includes methane and steam. The first reaction zone contains a first catalyst, and at least a portion of the process feed gas stream is converted into an intermediate gas stream in the first reaction zone. The second reaction zone contains a second catalyst, and at least a portion of the intermediate gas stream is converted into a tail gas stream and a solid carbon product in the second reaction zone.

Reformer Apparatus and Method

A multiple adiabatic bed reforming apparatus and process are disclosed in which stage-wise combustion, in combination with multiple reforming chambers with catalyst, utilize co-flow and cross-flow under laminar flow conditions, to provide a reformer suitable for smaller production situations as well as large scale production. A passive stage by stage fuel distribution network suitable for low pressure fuel is incorporated and the resistances in successive fuel distribution lines control the amount of fuel delivered to each combustion stage. 127-. (canceled)28. A reactor system , comprising:i) at least one pre-reformer stage configured to convert at least a portion of a gaseous hydrocarbon-steam stream to form a pre-reformed stream;ii) a printed circuit reformer system configured to form a flue gas stream and to convert the pre-reformed stream into a syngas stream, the syngas stream at a temperature above metal dusting conditions; andiii) a first heat integration system configured to heat the at least one pre-reformer stage with at least a portion of the flue gas stream.29. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 28 , wherein the printed circuit reformer system comprises a heat exchanger configured to bring a heated air stream and the pre-reformed stream into thermal communication to form a partially cooled heated air stream and a heated pre-reformed stream.30. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 29 , wherein the printed circuit reformer system comprises a printed circuit reformer stage configured to at least partially reform the heated pre-reformed stream.31. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 30 , wherein the printed circuit reformer stage comprises a catalytic reforming bed.32. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 28 , further comprising a preheater configured to heat a fuel stream to form a heated fuel stream claim 28 , wherein the fuel stream is at a temperature below metal dusting conditions and the heated fuel stream is at a ...

GAS CAPTURE SYSTEM

Disclosed herein is a method of regenerating a sorbent of gas in a capture process of said gas, wherein the capture process comprises recirculating the sorbent between a gas capturing system and regenerating reactor system, the method comprising the regenerating reactor system performing the steps of: receiving a solid sorbent to be regenerated, wherein the sorbent is a sorbent of carbon dioxide gas; generating heat by combusting a fuel with an oxidising agent in the presence of a catalyst; regenerating the sorbent by using the generated heat to indirectly heat the sorbent so that the sorbent releases carbon dioxide gas; outputting the regenerated sorbent; and outputting the released carbon dioxide gas. Advantages of the gas capture system include a higher efficiency than known techniques. 1. A method of regenerating a sorbent of gas in a capture process of said gas , wherein the capture process comprises recirculating the sorbent between a gas capturing system and regenerating reactor system , the method comprising the regenerating reactor system performing the steps of:receiving a solid sorbent to be regenerated, wherein the sorbent is a sorbent of carbon dioxide gas;generating heat by combusting a fuel with an oxidising agent in the presence of a catalyst;regenerating the sorbent by using the generated heat to indirectly heat the sorbent so that the sorbent releases carbon dioxide gas;outputting the regenerated sorbent; andoutputting the released carbon dioxide gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the regenerating reactor system comprises:a sorbent input that receives the sorbent; anda sorbent output that outputs the regenerated sorbent.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said step of regenerating the sorbent by indirectly heating the sorbent comprises indirectly heating the sorbent as it moves from the sorbent input to the sorbent output.4. The method according to any preceding claim claim 2 , wherein the received sorbent comprises a metal ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING METHANOL AND AMMONIA

A process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia is described comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first synthesis gas stream by reacting a first portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam in a steam reformer, (b) forming a second synthesis gas stream in parallel to the first synthesis gas stream by reacting a second portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas and steam in an autothermal reformer, (c) synthesising methanol from a first process gas comprising the first synthesis gas stream, and (d) synthesising ammonia from a second process gas prepared from the second synthesis gas stream, wherein a purge stream containing hydrogen is recovered from the methanol synthesis step (c) and a portion of the purge gas stream is fed to the autothermal reformer and/or the second synthesis gas in step (b). 1. A process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first synthesis gas stream by reacting a first portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam in a steam reformer , (b) forming a second synthesis gas stream in parallel to the first synthesis gas stream by reacting a second portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas and steam in an autothermal reformer , (c) synthesising methanol from a first process gas comprising the first synthesis gas stream , and (d) synthesising ammonia from a second process gas prepared from the second synthesis gas stream , wherein a purge stream containing hydrogen is recovered from the methanol synthesis step (c) and a portion of the purge gas stream is fed to the autothermal reformer and/or the second synthesis gas in step (b).2. A process according to wherein the purge gas stream containing hydrogen is separated into a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a hydrogen-depleted gas stream and the hydrogen-rich gas stream is combined with the second synthesis gas stream.3. A process according to wherein the hydrogen-depleted gas is fed to the autothermal ...

High-pressure density-driven separation

In general, the present invention is directed to processes for separating a vapor comprising a first component and a second component using high-pressure density-driven separation. The present invention further relates to various processes for the capture of carbon dioxide. In particular, various processes of the present invention relate to the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas of combustion processes. The invention also applies to upgrading fuel gases containing carbon dioxide. The invention also applies to separation of hydrogen from fuel gas vapor solutions.

Method for hydrogen production

The present invention relates to a method for hydrogen production and to a method of hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production from syngas. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (ii) separating at least part of hydrogen from the stream yielding a hydrogen-depleted stream, (iii) subjecting the hydrogen-depleted stream to a water-gas shift reaction, and (iv) separating hydrogen from the stream resulting from step (iii). The method according to the invention improves the conversion of carbon monoxide in the water gas shift reaction and allows to increase the hydrogen production by 10-15% and to increase the overall energy efficiency of the system by 5-7%. The invention further relates to a plant for hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production suitable for the method of the invention.

Sour Pressure Swing Adsorption Process

Methods and apparatuses for separating CO 2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for the production of synthesis gas from hydrocarbon feed containing higher hydrocarbons comprising by-passing a portion of the hydrocarbon feed around a first pre-reforming stage and passing the pre-reformed and bypassed portions through at least a second pre-reforming stage. 1. Process for the production of a synthesis gas for use in the production of chemical compounds from a hydrocarbon feedstock containing higher hydrocarbons comprising the steps of:(a) splitting the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least two streams, the first stream in the form of a major hydrocarbon feedstock stream and the second stream in the form of a by-pass hydrocarbon feedstock stream;(b) adding steam to the major hydrocarbon feedstock stream and pre-reforming this stream to a pre-reformed gas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and higher hydrocarbons;(c) combining the bypassed hydrocarbon feedstock stream of step (a) with the pre-reformed gas of step (b) and pre-reforming the thus combined gas to a pre-reformed gas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;(d) reforming in a reforming stage the pre-reformed gas of step (c) into a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.2. Process according to further comprising the step of a hydrodesulfurization stage removing sulphur compounds in the hydrocarbon feedstock prior to splitting in step (a).3. Process according to further comprising prior to the pre-refoiming stage of step (b) or (c) the step of: a hydrodesulfurization stage removing sulphur compounds in the major hydrocarbon feed stock stream claim 1 , or the by-pass hydrocarbon feedstock stream claim 1 , or both.4. Process according to in which the pre-reforming stage of step (b) is operated at a steam-to-carbon ratio in the range 0.60-1.30 calculated as steam-to-carbon ratio claim 1 , while the pre-reforming stage of step (c) is operated at a lower steam-to-carbon ratio and which is in the range 0.30-0 ...

PROCESS FOR GENERATING SYNGAS FROM A CO2-RICH HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING FEED GAS

A process for generating a syngas from a CO-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas, wherein a CO-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H- and CO-comprising syngas. At least COis removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step. 1. Process for generating a syngas from a CO2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas , wherein a CO2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H2- and CO-comprising syngas ,characterized in that at least CO2 is removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step, wherein, during the scrubbing, a CO2-rich stream is generated that has a pressure in the range from 20 bar to 100 bar, and wherein the CO2-rich stream is used as feed for a synthesis or to support the extraction of oil, wherein the CO2-rich stream is injected into an oil deposit in order to increase the pressure in the oil deposit.2. Process according claim 1 , characterized in that the feed gas is conducted downstream of the scrubbing through an adsorber unit claim 1 , wherein one or more sulfur compounds that are still present in the feed gas are adsorbed in the adsorber unit and in this case removed from the feed gas.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the syngas that is generated is divided into first and second syngas substreams claim 1 , wherein the first syngas substream is used as feed for a synthesis claim 1 , and wherein the second syngas substream is subjected to a water-gas shift reaction claim 1 , wherein CO of the second syngas substream is reacted with H2O to form H2 and CO2 in order to reduce the CO content in the second syngas ...

METHOD FOR REUSING ZEOLITE ADSORBENT AND REGENERATED ADSORBENT

Provided is a method for reusing an adsorbent which can stably exhibit purification ability by regenerating a used absorbent, in order to keep the composition of a purified syngas constant. 1. A method for regenerating a zeolite adsorbent which adsorbs a carbon dioxide gas from a syngas comprising the carbon dioxide gas and reduces the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the syngas , comprising:a step of recovering a used zeolite adsorbent;a step of calcining the used zeolite adsorbent at a temperature of 300° C. to 600° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to produce a regenerated zeolite adsorbent; anda step of reusing the regenerated zeolite adsorbent.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe zeolite adsorbent is used in a pressure swing adsorption apparatus.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe amount of carbon compound attached to the regenerated zeolite adsorbent is 1.0 mass % or less in terms of carbon atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent, andthe amount of sulfur compound attached to the regenerated zeolite adsorbent is 0.01 mass % to 0.8 mass % in terms of sulfur atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe syngas comprises a tar component.5. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe zeolite adsorbent comprises an LSX type zeolite.6. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe syngas comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen.7. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe syngas is derived from MSW.8. A regenerated zeolite adsorbent obtained by regenerating a used zeolite adsorbent claim 1 , whereina carbon compound and a sulfur compound are attached to the regenerated zeolite adsorbent, and whereinthe attached amount of the carbon compound is 1.0 mass % or less in terms of carbon atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent, andthe attached amount of the sulfur compound is 0.01 to 0.8 mass % in terms of sulfur atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent.9. The regenerated ...

METHODS OF PRODUCING AND PROVIDING PURIFIED GAS USING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

In accordance with one embodiment, a method of producing hydrogen gas meeting a predetermined threshold of purity may include transferring a quantity of a hydrogen gas mixture through an electrochemical hydrogen pump, wherein the electrochemical hydrogen pump includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane located between the anode and the cathode; separating a quantity of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas mixture by transferring the hydrogen gas from the anode, through the electrolyte membrane, to the cathode; collecting the hydrogen gas from the cathode, wherein the collected hydrogen gas at least meets the predetermined threshold of purity; and producing a certificate that the collected hydrogen gas has a purity that is at least substantially equal to the predetermined threshold of purity. 130-. (canceled)31. A method of producing hydrogen gas meeting a predetermined threshold of purity , comprising:separating a quantity of hydrogen gas from a hydrogen gas mixture by passing the hydrogen gas mixture through an electrochemical hydrogen pump, wherein the electrochemical hydrogen pump includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane located between the anode and the cathode, and wherein a current required to operate the electrochemical hydrogen pump increases as an amount of non-hydrogen from the hydrogen gas mixture is substantially prevented from passing through the membrane increases;purging the anode of the non-hydrogen in the hydrogen gas mixture that was prevented from passing through the membrane, wherein a controller controls timing of the purging based on a predetermined increase in the current required to operate the electrochemical hydrogen pump;collecting the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas mixture after it has been passed through the electrochemical hydrogen pump, wherein the collected hydrogen gas at least meets the predetermined threshold of purity; andproducing at least one of a certificate, a guarantee, or a warranty that the ...

Operation Method for Hydrogen Production Apparatus, and Hydrogen Production Apparatus

A hydrogen production apparatus including a desulfurized, a reformer, a CO transformer a gas flow path, and a purge gas supply path which is provided where a purge gas is supplied to an upstream side of a pressure feeding apparatus in the gas flow path, prior to a stopping operation, a purging step of replacing gas within the gas flow path with the purge gas and filling the purge gas into the gas flow path is performed, and in a start-up operation in which a heating means is operated to increase the temperature of the gas within the gas flow path, which is performed prior to a hydrogen purification operation, a pressure increasing step of supplying the purge gas from the purge gas supply path to the closed circulation circuit and increasing the pressure within the closed circulation circuit is performed. 16.-. (canceled)7. An operation method for a hydrogen production apparatus , the hydrogen production apparatus comprising a desulfurizer that desulfurizes a source gas , a reformer that heats the desulfurized source gas in a state mixed with steam with a heating means and obtains a reformed gas , a CO transformer that causes carbon monoxide in the reformed gas to react with steam , and a hydrogen purification unit that separates impurities other than hydrogen from transformed gas after processing by the CO transformer to purify hydrogen gas , the operation method comprising:providing a gas flow path that allows gas to flow to the desulfurizer, the reformer, the CO transformer, and the hydrogen purification unit, and providing a pressure feeding apparatus that causes gas to flow in the gas flow path,providing a hydrogen purification operation for driving the heating means and the pressure feeding apparatus to supply the source gas to the gas flow path, and a stopping operation for stopping driving of the heating means and the pressure feeding apparatus, being performed in order,providing in the gas flow path a closed circulation circuit that returns and circulates ...

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING A SYNTHESIS GAS

The present invention provides for a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process for the substantial removal of HO and COfrom a synthesis gas to obtain a multicomponent product gas substantially free of HO and COwith high recovery of the product gas. Further, the present invention provides an integrated process that achieves sufficiently high Hand CO recoveries such that compression and recycling of the syngas purification PSA tailgas is not necessary to be economically advantageous compared to the conventional processes. 1. An integrated process for the individual recovery of at least a purified H-rich gas and a purified CO-rich gas from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2, 'a. introducing a hydrocarbon feedstock into a syngas generating unit and generating a superatmospheric pressure syngas stream consisting essentially of at least H, CO, CH, CO, and HO;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b. feeding the generated superatmospheric pressure syngas stream to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA)-based purification process unit to produce a superatmospheric pressure syngas stream substantially free of HO and CO,'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'c. routing the superatmospheric pressure syngas stream substantially free of HO and COto a separation system producing at least a H-rich stream and a CO-rich stream; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'd. wherein the PSA-based purification process unit is purged with high-purity Nstream for a first portion of a purge phase and with H-containing gas substantially free of HO and COfor a second portion of the purge phase.'}2. The integrated process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas generation system is selected from a steam reformer claim 1 , an autothermal reformer claim 1 , or a partial oxidation reactor.3. The integrated process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock is natural gas.4. The integrated process of claim 1 , wherein the high-purity Na stream used during the first portion of the purge phase is generated by a cryogenic air ...

Process for producing ammonia synthesis gas

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, with steps of primary reforming, secondary reforming with an oxidant stream, and further treatment of the synthesis gas including shift, removal of carbon dioxide and methanation, wherein the synthesis gas delivered by secondary reforming is subject to a medium-temperature shift (MTS) at a temperature between 200 and 350.degree. C., and primary reforming is operated with a steam-to-carbon ratio lower than 2. A corresponding method for revamping an ammonia plant is disclosed, where an existing HTS reactor is modified to operate at medium temperature, or replaced with a new MTS reactor, and the steam-to-carbon ratio in the primary reformer is lowered to a value in the range 1-5-2, thus reducing inert steam in the flow rate trough the equipments of the front-end.

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE METHODS AND SYSTEMS

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. 1. A system for producing propylene , comprising:{'sub': 4', '2', '4', '2', '2+, 'an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor that receives methane (CH) and oxygen (O) and reacts the CHand the Oto yield an OCM product stream comprising hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C compounds) including ethylene;'}a separations unit that receives the OCM product stream and yields an ethylene stream comprising ethylene from the OCM product stream;a dimerization reactor that receives a first portion of ethylene from the ethylene stream and reacts the ethylene in a dimerization reaction to yield a butene stream comprising butene compounds;{'sub': '4', 'a Cseparations unit that receives the butene stream and yields a butene-2 stream comprising butene-2 from the butene stream; and'}{'sub': '2+', 'a metathesis reactor that receives the butene-2 stream and a second portion of ethylene from the ethylene stream and reacts the butene-2 and the ethylene to yield a metathesis product stream comprising C compounds including propylene.'}2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a Cseparations unit that receives the metathesis product stream and separates the metathesis product stream to yield a Cstream comprising Ccompounds and a C stream comprising C compounds including propylene.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the separations unit receives the Cstream.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a Csplitter that receives the Cstream and separates the Cstream to yield an ethylene stream and an ethane stream.5. The system of claim 4 , further comprising a hydrogenation unit that receives the Cstream prior to the ...

Proton conducting membranes for hydrogen production and separation

In one embodiment, a membrane of proton-electron conducting ceramics that is useful for the conversion of a hydrocarbon and steam to hydrogen has a porous support coated with a film of a Perovskite-type oxide. By including the Zr and M in the oxide in place of Ce, the stability can be improved while maintaining sufficient hydrogen flux for efficient generation of hydrogen. In this manner, the conversion can be carried out by performing steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or water-gas shift reactions (WGS) at high temperature, where the conversion of CO to CO 2 and H 2 is driven by the removal of H 2 to give high conversions.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF RAW GASES BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL GAS SCRUBBING

A process for separating undesired, in particular acidic gas constituents from a raw gas, in particular raw synthesis gas, by absorption with cold methanol as physical detergent, wherein the methanol is cooled in a compression refrigeration machine by using a multi-component coolant. The use of the coolant according to the invention provides significant advantages with regard to the compressor capacity required in the compression refrigeration machine for the provision of a defined cooling capacity. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for the separation of undesired gas constituents , in particular carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide , from a raw gas , in particular raw synthesis gas , with methanol as detergent , the process comprising the following steps:a) supplying the raw gas to the absorption apparatus;b) cooling a methanol partial stream withdrawn from the absorption apparatus by indirect heat exchange with a coolant in a heat exchanger arranged outside the absorption apparatus and recirculating the cooled methanol partial stream into the absorption apparatus, wherein the coolant is cooled in a compression refrigeration machine which includes at least one compression stage;c) contacting the raw gas with the cooled methanol partial stream and with at least one further methanol partial stream recirculated from downstream process stages in the absorption apparatus, wherein a process gas stream depleted of undesired gas constituents and a loaded methanol partial stream enriched in undesired gas constituents is obtained;d) multistage regeneration of the loaded methanol partial stream by pressure decrease and/or temperature increase, between or downstream of which optionally further absorption steps can be carried out for separating further undesired gas constituents from the process gas stream, wherein at least one regenerated methanol partial stream is obtained, which is recirculated to step c) and wherein gas streams containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND SEPARATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The invention relates to a process for preparing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons with steam, and for separation of carbon dioxide. The process includes one endothermic and one autothermal reforming step for production of a synthesis gas stream, wherein heat generated in the autothermal reforming step is utilized for heating in the endothermic reforming step. The process also includes a step of converting the synthesis gas stream obtained for enrichment with hydrogen, a step of separating the hydrogen thus prepared by pressure swing adsorption, and a step of separation of carbon dioxide from the residual gas obtained in the pressure swing adsorption. The reforming units for the endothermal and autothermal reforming steps are arranged parallel to one another or in series. 1. A process for preparing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons with steam , and for separation of carbon dioxide , comprising:(a) providing a feed gas stream, wherein the feed gas stream comprises a hydrocarbon component and steam, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises at least methane;(b) reforming at least a portion of the feed gas stream in an endothermic reforming step over a reforming catalyst thereby producing a first synthesis gas stream, wherein the first synthesis gas stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unreacted methane; reforming the first synthesis gas stream in an autothermal reforming step thereby producing a third synthesis gas stream,', 'wherein the autothermal reforming step comprises exothermic partial oxidation and endothermic reforming with steam over a reforming catalyst,', 'wherein the second synthesis gas stream and the third synthesis gas stream comprise hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unreacted methane, and', 'wherein heat generated by the autothermal reforming step is utilized for heating in the endothermic reforming step of step (b);, '(c) reforming a portion of the feed gas stream in an autothermal reforming step thereby ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF UREA FORMALDEHYDE CONCENTRATE

Parallel co-production process for the production of methanol and urea product from a hydrocarbon containing feed-stock by means of autothermal reforming, intermediary methanol and ammonia formation and conversion of the ammonia to urea product and catalytic oxidation of the methanol to formaldehyde. 1. Process for the production of urea formaldehyde concentrate from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising steps of:(a) producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide by partial combustion and steam reforming the hydrocarbon feedstock in an autothermal reforming stage;(b) splitting the synthesis gas from step into a first synthesis gas and a second synthesis gas;(c) subjecting the second synthesis gas from step (b) in series to a high temperature water gas shift and a medium temperature water gas shift conversion;(d) removing at least part of the carbon dioxide from the second synthesis gas from step (c) to obtain a carbon dioxide depleted second synthesis gas;(e) adding nitrogen into the carbon dioxide depleted second synthesis in an amount to obtain a molar ratio hydrogen to nitrogen of 2.8 to 3.2.(f) catalytically converting the nitrogen and hydrogen in the purified second synthesis gas from step (e) in an inert free ammonia synthesis stage and withdrawing an effluent containing ammonia; and(g) passing at least part of the ammonia containing effluent to a urea synthesis stage and converting the ammonia in the effluent to urea product by reaction with at least part of the carbon dioxide being removed from the synthesis gas in step (d),(h) catalytically converting the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen of the first synthesis gas from step (c) in a once through methanol synthesis stage and withdrawing an effluent containing raw methanol and an effluent containing unconverted first synthesis gas;(i) recycling the effluent containing the unconverted first synthesis gas to the medium temperature shift conversion in step (c) and/or ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS WITH REDUCED CO2-FOOTPRINT AND IMPROVED HYDROGEN INTEGRATION

Process and plant for producing hydrocarbon products from a feedstock originating from a renewable source, where a hydrogen-rich stream and on off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons is formed. A portion of the hydrogen-rich stream is used as a recycle gas stream in a hydroprocessing stage for the production of said hydrocarbon products, and another portion may be used for hydrogen production, while the off-gas stream is treated to remove its HS content and used as a recycle gas stream in the hydrogen producing unit, from which the hydrogen produced i.e. make-up hydrogen, is used in the hydroprocessing stage. The invention enables minimizing natural gas consumption in the hydrogen producing unit as well as steam reformer size. 1. A process for producing a hydrocarbon product , said process comprising the steps of:i) passing a feedstock originating from a renewable source through a hydroprocessing stage for producing a main hydrotrotreated stream;{'claim-text': ['an aqueous stream,', 'a hydrogen-rich stream as a first recycle gas stream,', 'an off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons,', 'and said hydrocarbon product, boiling at above 50° C.;'], '#text': 'ii) passing the main hydrotreated stream to a separation stage for producing:'}iii) passing the first recycle gas stream to the hydroprocessing stage;iv) passing the off-gas stream as a second recycle gas stream to a hydrogen producing unit for producing a hydrogen stream as a make-up hydrogen stream; andv) passing the make-up hydrogen stream to the hydroprocessing stage;{'sub': '2', '#text': 'wherein prior to conducting step iv), said off-gas stream passes to a separation stage for removing HS and thereby producing said second recycle gas stream.'}2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises: vi) splitting said hydrogen-rich stream into said first recycle gas stream and a third recycle gas stream claim 1 , and passing said third recycle gas stream to said hydrogen producing unit.3. Process ...

PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen. 1. A process for separating hydrogen and oxygen from a gas mixture that is produced from photocatalytic splitting of water comprising:(a) contacting a water source with a water splitting photocatalyst, and exposing the water and photocatalyst to light under conditions that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen forming a feed gas for separation; (i) mixing the feed gas with a hydrogen stream, reducing the combustibility of the feed source and forming a feed source;', '(ii) compressing the feed source to a pressure of at least 10 bars forming a compressed feed source;', '(iii) exposing the compressed feed source to an adsorption medium that differentially adsorbs oxygen producing an enriched hydrogen product gas and an adsorbed oxygen source;', '(iv) separating the enriched hydrogen stream and the adsorbed oxygen source; and', '(v) desorbing the adsorbed oxygen from the adsorbed oxygen source by reducing the pressure on the adsorption medium forming an oxygen enriched product gas;, '(b) separating hydrogen and oxygen from the feed gas by'}(c) collecting, storing, and/or utilizing a hydrogen product gas and an oxygen product gas.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is performed at 5 to 40° C.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is performed at about 20° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed source is mixed with a recycled portion of the enriched hydrogen product gas.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed source is compressed using a centrifugal compressor.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising filtering and dehydrating the feed source or the compressed feed source prior to separating hydrogen from the feed source.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption medium comprises a molecular sieve that preferentially adsorbs oxygen when under pressure.8. ...

Systems And Methods For Producing Substitute Natural Gas

Systems and methods for producing synthetic gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an oxidant within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled within a cooler to provide a cooled syngas. The cooled syngas can be processed within a purification system to provide a treated syngas. The purification system can include a saturator adapted to increase a moisture content of the cooled syngas. The treated syngas and a first heat transfer medium can be introduced to a methanator to provide a synthetic gas, a second heat transfer medium, and a methanation condensate. At least a portion of the methanation condensate can be recycled from the methanator to the saturator.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING HYDROGEN FROM RESIDUE HYDROPROCESSING

A membrane unit is able to recover hydrogen from a resid waste gas stream. Two membrane units provide even greater hydrogen recovery. The membrane separation is performed at conditions that allow the pressure of the recovered hydrogen to enter into a second stage of compression, saving the expense of the first stage of compression. 1. A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon resid stream comprising:hydroprocessing a resid stream in the presence of hydrogen and a hydroprocessing catalyst to provide a hydroprocessed resid stream;separating said hydroprocessed resid stream to provide a vapor stream comprising hydrogen and methane and a liquid stream;taking a purge vapor stream from said vapor stream;feeding said purge vapor stream to a membrane unit comprising a membrane and contacting said vapor stream on one side of the membrane to allow more of the hydrogen to diffuse through the membrane than the methane; andremoving from an opposite side of the membrane a permeate stream comprising a higher concentration of hydrogen than a concentration of hydrogen in said vapor stream.2. The process of wherein said membrane unit is a first membrane unit and the permeate stream is a first permeate stream and further comprising removing a first retentate stream from said one side of said membrane comprising a higher concentration of methane than a concentration of methane in said purge vapor stream and feeding said first retentate stream to a second membrane unit comprising a second membrane and contacting said first retentate stream on one side of the second membrane to allow more of the hydrogen to diffuse through the second membrane than the methane; and removing from an opposite side of the second membrane a second permeate stream comprising a higher concentration of hydrogen than a concentration of hydrogen in said first retentate stream.3. The process of further comprising feeding said first permeate stream to a compressor.4. The process of further comprising feeding said ...

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DIRECT THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROCARBONS WITH LIQUID METAL IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON

Direct thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons into solid carbon and hydrogen is performed by a process and a device. The process comprises preheating a hydrocarbon gas stream to a temperature between 500° C. and 700° C. and injecting the pre-heated hydrocarbon gas stream into the reactor pool of a liquid metal reactor containing a liquid media; forming a multi-phase flow with a hydrocarbon gas comprising hydrogen and solid carbon at a temperature between 900° C. and 1200° C.; forming a carbon layer on the free surface of the liquid media made up of solid carbon particles which are then displaced into at least one carbon extraction system and at least one recipient for collecting them; and, at the same time, the gas comprising hydrogen leaves the reactor pool through a porous rigid section, being collected at a gas outlet collector from where the gas comprising hydrogen finally leaves the liquid metal reactor. 1. A process for the direct thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons into solid carbon and hydrogen comprising:a. preheating a hydrocarbon gas stream and conducting the hydrocarbon gas stream from at least one hydrocarbon gas stream inlet, located at a top part of a liquid metal reactor, to a bottom part of the liquid metal reactor, through a pre-heating conduit located surrounding the external perimeter of the liquid metal reactor, said pre-heating conduit being located inside a thermal insulation means, and obtaining a pre-heated hydrocarbon gas stream at a temperature between 500° C. and 700° C.;b. injecting the pre-heated hydrocarbon gas stream obtained in step (a) into a reactor pool, containing a liquid metal media, of the liquid metal reactor, wherein said injection takes place at the bottom part of the liquid metal reactor through a porous section or a set of gas injection orifices;c. the hydrocarbon gas injected into the liquid metal reactor in step (b) moves upwards by buoyancy forming a multi-phase flow including a hydrocarbon gas comprising hydrogen and ...

FUEL CELL INTEGRATION WITHIN A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Systems and methods are provided for incorporating molten carbonate fuel cells into a heat recovery steam generation system (HRSG) for production of electrical power while also reducing or minimizing the amount of COpresent in the flue gas exiting the HRSG. An optionally multi-layer screen or wall of molten carbonate fuel cells can be inserted into the HRSG so that the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells substantially fills the cross-sectional area. By using the walls of the HRSG and the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells to form a cathode input manifold, the overall amount of duct or flow passages associated with the MCFCs can be reduced. 112.-. (canceled)13. A heat recovery steam generator (“HRSG”) for producing electricity using an integrated molten carbonate fuel cell comprising an anode and cathode , the HRSG comprising:an enclosure that forms a flow path that extends between an inlet that receives a gas flow and an outlet that exhausts at least a portion of the received gas flow;one or more heat exchangers extending into the flow path; anda fuel cell screen located within the enclosure and comprising a plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells having cathode inlets, the fuel cell screen being oriented in the flow path so that the cathode inlets of the molten carbonate fuel cells receive substantially all of the received gas flow, the plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells also having a plurality of cathode outlets fluidly exposed to the flow path to discharge cathode exhaust to the flow path.14. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a duct burner located within the HRSG and upstream from the one or more heat exchangers.15. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a first heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers and upstream from a second heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers.16. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein a first cross ...

Method and system for the production of hydrogen

Disclosed is a process for the production of hydrogen in a reactor system comprising a steam reforming reaction zone comprising a reforming catalyst and a membrane separation zone comprising a hydrogen-selective membrane. The process involves a reaction system of so-called open architecture, wherein the reforming zone and the membrane separation zone operate independently of each other. The invention provides the heat for the reforming reaction through heat exchange from liquid molten salts, preferably heated by solar energy.

Methods and systems for ammonia production

A method for ammonia synthesis using a water-gas shift membrane reactor (WGSMR) is presented. The method includes carrying out a water-gas shift reaction in the WGSMR to form a first product stream and a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) stream, wherein the first product stream includes nitrogen (N 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ), and a molar ratio of H 2 to N 2 in the first product stream is about 3. The method further includes separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 in the first product stream in a CO 2 separation unit to form a second product stream, and separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) in the second product stream in a methanator unit to form a third product stream. The method further includes generating an ammonia stream from the third product stream in an ammonia synthesis unit. A system for ammonia synthesis is also presented.

HIGH PURITY NITROGEN/HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM AN EXHAUST STREAM

Methods are provided for the production of nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide from an exhaust gas. Exhaust gas from combustion in a fuel rich (or reducing) atmosphere is primarily composed of CO, CO, N, HO, and H. CO may be converted to COand Hvia the water gas shift reaction. Carbon dioxide may then be effectively separated from nitrogen and hydrogen to produce a carbon dioxide stream and a nitrogen/hydrogen stream. The nitrogen/hydrogen stream may then be effectively separated to produce a high purity nitrogen stream and a high purity hydrogen stream. The process may be done in any order, such as separating the nitrogen first or the carbon dioxide first. 1. A method for production of H , N , and COfrom an exhaust stream , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'passing an exhaust stream comprising at least about 40-80 vol % N, at least about 5-30 vol % CO, and at least about 1-20% Hinto a COswing adsorption reactor comprising a COadsorbent material selective for COover Nand H, the exhaust stream having a pressure between about 10 bara (about 1.0 MPaa) to about 30 bara (about 3.0 MPaa);'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'adsorbing COon the COadsorbent material;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'recovering a Nand Hstream from a forward end of the COswing adsorption reactor, the recovered Nand Hstream having a pressure that differs from the pressure of the exhaust stream by about 0.5 bara (about 50 kPa) or less;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'reducing the pressure in the COswing adsorption reactor to a pressure from about 1.0 bara (about 0.1 MPaa) to about 4.0 bara (about 0.4 MPaa) by outputting a blow down stream from at least one end of the COswing adsorption reactor; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'purging the COswing adsorption reactor with a steam purge at a pressure from about 1.0 bara (about 0.1 MPaa) to about 4.0 bara (about 0.4 MPaa) to generate a COrecovery stream, the COrecovery stream comprising at least about 90% of the COpresent in the exhaust stream, ...

METHOD OF PURIFICATION OF BIOMASS SYNGAS UNDER NEGATIVE PRESSURE

A method for purifying biomass syngas, including: a) introducing syngas out of a gasifier, through a water-cooling flue to a water-cooling quench tower; b) introducing the syngas from the water-cooling quench tower to a waste heat boiler of a water-tube type and a waste heat boiler of a heat-tube type; c) washing the syngas from the waste heat boiler of the heat-tube type in a Venturi scrubber in the absence of a filler to remove dust; d) introducing the syngas from the Venturi scrubber to a wet electrical dust precipitator for conducting dust removal and tar mist removal; and e) extracting the syngas by a coal gas draft fan, and transporting the syngas to a wet gas tank for storage or to a downstream process for use. 1. A method for purifying biomass syngas , comprising:a) introducing syngas out of a gasifier via a top thereof, through a water-cooling flue to a water-cooling quench tower, where water is sprayed into the syngas for quenching part of slag;b) introducing the syngas from the water-cooling quench tower to a waste heat boiler of a water-tube type and a waste heat boiler of a heat-tube type, where waste heat is recovered in two sections at two pressures, by-products comprising middle pressure vapor and low pressure vapor are produced and supplied to external devices, and a heavy tar is condensed and recovered by the waste heat boiler of the heat-tube type;c) washing the syngas from the waste heat boiler of the heat-tube type in a Venturi scrubber in the absence of a filler to remove dust;d) introducing the syngas from the Venturi scrubber to a wet electrical dust precipitator for conducting dust removal and tar mist removal; ande) extracting the syngas by a coal gas draft fan, and transporting the syngas to a wet gas tank for storage or to a downstream process for use.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 3', '3, 'the syngas produced in the gasifier has a temperature of between 1000 and 1100° C., a dust content of lower than 20 g/Nm, and a tar content ...

Process For Purifying Tail Gas From Ore-Smelting Electrical Furnace by Catalytic Oxidization

Disclosed is a process for purifying tail gases from an ore-smelting electrical furnace by catalytic oxidization, which comprises: impregnating a catalyst carrier in an impregnating solution, then aging, calcinating, and finally drying, so as to prepare a catalyst of high efficiency; then washing the tail gases from an ore-smelting electrical furnace with an aqueous alkali-containing solution, pre-heating the alkali-washed tail gas; and adjusting the oxygen volume content in the tail gases, charging the tail gases at a certain speed, purifying the gases by a catalytic oxidization fixed bed containing the catalyst of high efficiency, cooling the purified gas, so as to obtain the feed gases for C1 chemistry. 1. A process for purifying tail gases from an ore-smelting furnace by catalytic oxidation comprising the following steps:{'b': '8 hours to obtain a catalyst of high efficiency;', '(1) impregnating a catalyst carrier with an impregnating solution for 10-24 hours, then aging for 18-24 [[h]]hours, calcinating at about 350-650° C. for 6-12 hours, and drying at 110° C. for 2-'}(2) washing the tail gases from an ore-smelting electrical furnace with an aqueous alkali solution, and heating the washed gases to about 70-110° C.;{'sup': 3', '3, '(3) adjusting a volume content of oxygen in the tail gases from step (2) to about 0.5 to 3%, then passing the tail gases through a catalytic oxidization fixed-bed from the bottom to the top of the fixed-bed with a flow rate of about 300-600 m(volume of gas)/m(volume of catalyst)·hour for at least one purification reaction, wherein the purification reaction occurs at about 50-100° C., thereby producing purified gases, and then loading the fixed-bed with the catalyst of high efficiency-obtained from step (1), and then cooling the purified gases to obtain feed gases.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst carrier in said step (1) is activated alumina claim 1 , zeolite claim 1 , activated carbon or diatomite.3. The ...

INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRIAL GAS SITE WITH LIQUID HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

The method for producing liquid hydrogen can include the steps of: introducing pressurized natural gas from a high pressure natural gas pipeline to a gas processing unit under conditions effective for producing a purified hydrogen stream; and introducing the purified hydrogen stream to a hydrogen liquefaction unit under conditions effective to produce a liquid hydrogen stream, wherein the hydrogen liquefaction unit provides a warm temperature cooling and a cold temperature cooling to the purified hydrogen stream, wherein the warm temperature cooling is provided by utilizing letdown energy of a pressurized stream selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen stream sourced from a nitrogen pipeline, a natural gas stream sourced from the high pressure natural gas pipeline, an air gas sourced from an air separation unit, and combinations thereof, wherein the cold temperature is provided by utilizing letdown energy of the purified hydrogen stream. 1. A method for liquefying a pressurized hydrogen gas originating from a pressure swing adsorber unit , the method comprising the steps of:withdrawing a hydrogen containing gas from a methanol production unit;introducing the hydrogen containing gas to a pressure swing adsorber (PSA) unit under conditions effective for purifying the hydrogen containing gas to produce a purified hydrogen stream;sending the purified hydrogen gas to a hydrogen liquefaction unit under conditions effective for the liquefaction of hydrogen thereby producing a liquefied hydrogen stream,wherein the hydrogen liquefaction unit is configured to provide a first refrigeration source and a second refrigeration source, wherein the first refrigeration source provides refrigeration using expansion of a high pressure nitrogen stream, wherein the second refrigeration source provides refrigeration using expansion of a high pressure hydrogen gas stream to produce a warm hydrogen gas stream,wherein the high pressure hydrogen gas stream is derived from a hydrogen ...

METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTION OF INDUSTRIAL GAS BY INTEGRATION OF METHANOL PLANT AND AIR SEPARATION UNIT

A method for the liquefaction of an industrial gas by integration of a methanol plant and an air separation unit (ASU) is provided. The method can include the steps of: (a) providing a pressurized natural gas stream, a pressurized purge gas stream originating from a methanol plant, and a pressurized air gas stream comprising an air gas originating from the ASU; (b) expanding three different pressurized gases to produce three cooled streams, wherein the three different pressurized gases are the pressurized natural gas stream, the pressurized purge gas stream, and the pressurized air gas stream; and (c) liquefying the industrial gas in a liquefaction unit against the three cooled streams to produce a liquefied industrial gas stream. The industrial gas to be liquefied is selected from the group consisting of a first portion of the pressurized natural gas stream, a nitrogen gas stream, hydrogen and combinations thereof. 1. A method for the liquefaction of an industrial gas selected from the group consisting of natural gas , nitrogen , hydrogen and combinations thereof , the method comprising the steps of:a) withdrawing a pressurized natural gas stream from a natural gas pipeline;b) removing carbon dioxide and water from the pressurized natural gas stream;c) expanding the pressurized natural gas stream to form an expanded natural gas stream and warming the expanded natural gas stream in a first portion of a heat exchanger against the industrial gas to form a warmed natural gas stream;d) sending the warmed natural gas stream to a methanol production facility under conditions effective for producing a methanol stream, a purified hydrogen stream, and a purge gas rich in hydrogen;e) expanding the purge gas rich in hydrogen to form an expanded purge gas and warming the expanded purge gas in a second portion of the heat exchanger against the industrial gas to form a warmed purge gas stream;f) sending the warmed purge gas stream to the methanol production facility for use as ...

PROCESS INTEGRATION OF A GAS PROCESSING UNIT WITH LIQUEFACTION UNIT

It is proposed to integrate a gas processing unit with a liquefaction unit. The industrial gas stream may be but is not limited to air gases of oxygen, nitrogen argon, hydrocarbon, LNG, syngas or its components, CO, or any other molecule or combination of molecules. It is proposed to integrate the underutilized process inefficiencies of a gas processing unit into the liquefaction unit to produce a liquid at a reduced operating cost. The gas processing unit may be any system or apparatus which alters the composition of a feed gas. Examples could be, but are not limited to, a methanol plant, steam methane reformer, cogeneration plant, and partial oxidation unit. 1. A process for the production of a liquid by integration of a gas processing unit and a liquefaction unit , the process comprising the steps of:a) providing a gas processing unit;b) providing a liquefaction unit, wherein the liquefaction unit is in fluid communication with the gas processing unit, such that the liquefaction unit and the gas processing unit are configured to send and receive fluids from each other;c) extracting a letdown energy from a high pressure gas to produce refrigeration to be used within the liquefaction unit, thereby producing a low pressure gas, wherein the low pressure gas is then used by the gas processing unit as a low pressure feedstream;d) liquefying an industrial gas within the liquefaction unit using refrigeration produced in step c).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas processing unit is selected from the group consisting of a methanol plant claim 1 , a steam methane reformer claim 1 , a cogeneration plant claim 1 , a partial oxidation unit claim 1 , an autothermal reforming unit claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the industrial gas is selected from the group consisting of an air gas claim 1 , a hydrocarbon claim 1 , syngas claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , and ...

Method for processing coke oven gas

The invention relates to a method for processing coke oven gas, said coke oven gas containing hydrogen, wherein the coke oven gas is at least partially integrated into a method for producing dimethyl ether in conjunction with a gas containing carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, whereby a DME-containing product gas is formed. At the outset of the method for the formation of dimethyl ether, a ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, weighted with the carbon dioxide concentration (formula (I)), of 0.9 to 1.1 is set, wherein the DME-containing product gas is integrated into a method for converting dimethyl ether to olefins, whereby an olefin-containing product gas is formed, and wherein olefins, in particular ethylene and/or propylene, is/are separated from the olefin-containing product gas by means of separating methods. c  [ H   2 ] - c  [ CO   2 ] c  [ CO ] + c  [ CO   2 ] ( I )

METAL DOPED ZEOLITE MEMBRANE FOR GAS SEPARATION

The present invention discloses composite inorganic membranes, methods for making the same, and methods of separating gases, vapors, and liquids using the same. The composite zeolite membrane is prepared by TS-1 zeolite membrane synthesis, and subsequent palladium doping. In the composite zeolite membrane synthesis, two different methods can be employed, including in-situ crystallization of one or more layers of zeolite crystals an a porous membrane substrate, and a second growth method by in-situ crystallization of a continuous second layer of zeolite crystals on a seed layer of MFI zeolite crystals supported on a porous membrane substrate. The membranes in the form of disks, tubes, or hollow fibers have high gas selectivity over other small gases, very good impurity resistance, and excellent thermal and chemical stability over polymer membranes and other inorganic membranes for gas, vapor, and liquid, separations. 1. A metal doped zeolite membrane for gas separation , wherein the membrane comprises a porous substrate and a zeolite layer with metal doping.2. The metal doped zeolite membrane of claim 1 , for hydrogen claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , methane claim 1 , or olefin separation.3. The metal doped zeolite membrane of claim 2 , for hydrogen or olefin separation.4. The metal doped zeolite membrane of claim 1 , for hydrogen separation from syngas or another gas mixture containing Co claim 1 , N claim 1 , CH claim 1 , CO claim 1 , and/or HO.5. The metal doped zeolite membrane of which comprises a zeolite layer with MFI framework structure.6. The metal doped zeolite membrane of claim 5 , wherein heteroatoms are incorporated into MFI silica framework.7. The metal doped zeolite membrane of claim 6 , wherein the heteroatoms comprise titanium claim 6 , vanadium claim 6 , niobium claim 6 , or a combination of two or more thereof.8. The metal doped zeolite membrane of claim 5 , wherein the zeolite membrane framework has channels of zeolite pores and there are sites in the ...

Process and plant for biomass treatment

Described is a plant and process for biomass treatment, where the plant is configured to actuate said process which comprises: —a step A of thermochemical treatment of transformation of a biomass into a carbonaceous solid, where this transformation involves treating the biomass at a treatment temperature of between 150° C. and 300° C. and at a treatment pressure of between 10 atm and 50 atm for 0.5-8 hours, in the presence of water, with accessory production of a treatment gas; —a step B of mixing the treatment gas with an auxiliary gas, to obtain operating gas; —a step C of thermochemical decomposition of the carbonaceous solid in an atmosphere consisting of the operating gas, where the thermochemical decomposition is suitable to obtain a combustible synthesis gas. step

ATR BASED AMMONIA PROCESS AND PLANT

A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas, said process including the steps of: reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH, CO, CO, Hand HO; and shifting said synthesis gas in a high temperature shift step over a promoted zinc-aluminum oxide based high temperature shift catalyst, wherein the steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step is less than 2.6. 1. A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas , said process comprising the steps of:{'sub': 4', '2', '2', '2, 'reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH, CO, CO, Hand HO; and'}shifting said synthesis gas in a high temperature shift step over a promoted zinc-aluminum oxide based high temperature shift catalyst, whereinthe steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step is less than 2.6.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the high temperature shift step is 300-600° C.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the promoted zinc-aluminum oxide based HT shift catalyst comprises in its active form a Zn/Al molar ratio in the range 0.5 to 1.0 and a content of alkali metal in the range 0.4 to 8.0 wt % and a copper content in the range 0-10% based on the weight of oxidized catalyst.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step is 2.6-0.1.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reforming takes place in an autothermal reformer (ATR).6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the space velocity in the ATR is less than 20.000 NmC/m/h.7. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising a prereforming step.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the high temperature shift step is one or more high temperature shift steps in series.9. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional shift step downstream the high temperature shift step.10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more ...

HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE AND HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD

A hydrogen production device is provided. The device comprises: a dry reforming reaction unit for directly reacting methane and carbon dioxide in biogas to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen; and a gas shift unit for reacting carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas produced in the dry reforming reaction unit with water vapor to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and for capturing the produced carbon dioxide. 1. A hydrogen production device comprising: a dry reforming reaction unit for directly reacting methane and carbon dioxide in biogas to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen; anda gas shift unit for reacting carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas produced in the dry reforming reaction unit with water vapor to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and for capturing the produced carbon dioxide.2. The hydrogen production device according to claim 1 ,wherein the carbon dioxide captured in the gas shift unit is supplied to the dry reforming reaction unit to be recycled in the reaction with methane in biogas.3. The hydrogen production device according to claim 1 ,wherein the gas shift unit comprises a hydrogen production catalyst and an adsorbent for capturing carbon dioxide, andwherein the weight ratio of the hydrogen production catalyst and the adsorbent for capturing carbon dioxide is 1:9 to 9:1.4. The hydrogen production device according to claim 1 ,wherein the hydrogen production catalyst comprises at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, and Fe.5. The hydrogen production device according to claim 1 ,wherein the adsorbent for capturing carbon dioxide comprises an alkali metal double salt-based adsorbent or a hydrotalcite-based adsorbent.6. The hydrogen production device according to claim 5 ,wherein the alkali metal double salt-based adsorbent is an adsorbent prepared by coprecipitation or impregnation process of an alkaline earth metal carbonate, and [{'br': None, 'i': 'x', 'sub': '2', '(1−)M(OH)\u2003\u2003Formula 1 ...

Oxycombustion with co2 capture in reverse flow reactors

Systems and methods are provided for using oxycombustion to provide heat within a reverse flow reactor environment. The oxygen for the oxycombustion can be provided by oxygen stored in an oxygen storage component in the reactor. By using an oxygen storage component to provide the oxygen for combustion during the regeneration step, heat can be added to a reverse flow reactor while reducing or minimizing addition of diluents and while avoiding the need for an air separation unit. As a result, a regeneration flue gas can be formed that is substantially composed of CO2 and/or H2O without requiring the additional cost of creating a substantially pure oxygen-containing gas flow.

METHOD OF PREPARING ZEOLITE NANOSHEET VIA SIMPLE CALCINATION PROCESS AND ZEOLITE NANOSHEET PARTICLE PREPARED THEREBY

Disclosed are a method of preparing a zeolite nanosheet and a zeolite nanosheet particle prepared thereby, and more particularly a method of preparing a zeolite nanosheet capable of preparing a monolayer zeolite nanosheet through a simple process of mixing a multilayer zeolite precursor with a swelling agent to swell the multilayer zeolite precursor and drying and calcining the multilayer zeolite precursor, wherein the monolayer zeolite nanosheet is useful to separate a catalyst or gas, and a zeolite nanosheet particle prepared thereby. 1. A method of preparing a monolayer zeolite nanosheet comprising:(a) mixing a multilayer zeolite precursor with water and a swelling agent to swell intra-layers of the multilayer zeolite precursor; and(b) recovering a solid material from the mixture containing a swollen zeolite precursor, and then calcining the solid material to obtain a monolayer zeolite nanosheet.2. The method of preparing a monolayer zeolite nanosheet of claim 1 , wherein the swelling agent is a mixture of a salt compound having a functional group of alkyltrimethylammonium and a salt compound having a functional group of tetrapropylammonium.3. The method of preparing a monolayer zeolite nanosheet of claim 2 , wherein the salt compound having the functional group of alkyltrimethylammonium is one or more selected from a group consisting of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide claim 2 , cetrimonium bromide and trimethyloctadecylammonium bromide.4. The method of preparing a monolayer zeolite nanosheet of claim 2 , wherein the salt compound having the functional group of tetrapropylammonium is one or more selected from the group consisting of tetrapropylammonium bromide claim 2 , tetrapropylammonium fluoride claim 2 , tetrapropylammonium chloride and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide.5. The method of preparing a monolayer zeolite nanosheet of claim 1 , wherein an Si/Al ratio of the zeolite precursor is 10 to 200.6. The method of preparing a monolayer zeolite nanosheet of ...