Co-production of fuels, chemicals and electric power using turbochargers

A method and system for co-production of electric power, fuel, and chemicals in which a synthesis gas at a first pressure is expanded using a turbo-expander, simultaneously producing electric power and an expanded synthesis gas at a second pressure after which the expanded synthesis gas is converted to a fuel and/or a chemical.

Catalyst preparation method

A method for preparing a catalyst comprising (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support.

Method and a system for combined hydrogen and electricity production using petroleum fuels

A SOFC system for producing a refined carbon dioxide product, electrical power and a compressed hydrogen product is presented. Introducing a hydrocarbon fuel and steam to the SOFC system, operating the SOFC system such that the steam-to-carbon molar ratio in the pre-reformer is in a range of from about 3:1 to about 4:1, the oxygen in the reformer combustion chamber is in excess, greater than 90% of the carbon dioxide produced during the process forms the refined carbon dioxide product are steps in the process. An alternative fueling station having a SOFC system is useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles. Introducing steam and a hydrocarbon fuel, operating the alternative fueling station, coupling the alternative fuel vehicle to the alternative fueling station, introducing an amount of alternative fuel and decoupling the alternative fuel vehicle are steps in the method of use.

Temporary desulphurization reactor for pre-treating a hydrocarbon feed before steam reforming with a view to hydrogen production

The present invention describes a process for pre-treating a steam reforming feed containing sulphur-containing compounds, using two desulphurization reactors: a temporary desulphurization reactor ( 1010 ) containing an active adsorbent solid; a permanent desulphurization reactor ( 1003 ) placed upstream of the steam reforming unit, which contains an adsorbent solid in the passivated state, necessitating a depassivation phase in order to be rendered active; the temporary desulphurization reactor ( 1010 ) being disconnected as soon as the adsorbent solid of the permanent desulphurization reactor ( 1003 ) has been activated, and the volume of the temporary desulphurization reactor being in the range 1/20 to 1/200 times the volume of the permanent desulphurization reactor.

CO SHIFT CONVERSION DEVICE AND SHIFT CONVERSION METHOD

The present invention provides a CO shift conversion device and a CO shift conversion method which improves CO conversion rate without increasing usage of a shift conversion catalyst. A CO shift conversion device includes: a CO shift converter having a catalyst layer composed of a CO shift conversion catalyst and performing CO shift conversion process on a gas flowing inside; and a COremover removing COcontained in a gas introduced. The catalyst layer is composed of a CO shift conversion catalyst having a property that a CO conversion rate decreases with an increase of the concentration of COcontained in a gas flowing inside. The concentration of COcontained in a gas G to be processed is lowered by the COremover and, after that, the resultant gas is supplied to the CO shift converter where it is subjected to the CO shift conversion process.

HYDROGEN AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING PROCESS

A process for on-site hydrogen reforming is disclosed. The process includes providing a combined reformer heat exchanger component in which heated air, steam, and hydrocarbon fuel react to form process gas containing hydrogen, and the process gas is cooled via the heat exchanger. The combined components enable reductions in size, materials, costs, and heat loss. Additionally, as the heat exchanger side of the component operates at a cooler temperature, an uninsulated flange for access to the catalyst chamber can be used. A combined combustion heat exchanger component is also provided with similar advantages. Process gas is processed, and hydrogen gas is produced via a purification process. 1. A hydrogen reforming process comprising the steps of:providing a combined reformer heat exchanger component having a first chamber adapted to enable a reforming reaction and a second chamber adapted to house a first heat exchanger,inputting fuel into said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,inputting heated air and steam into said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,enabling a reforming reaction to produce a process gas containing hydrogen in said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,feeding said process gas into said second chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,cooling said process gas in said second chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component and allowing said process gas to leave said reformer heat exchanger component at a heat exchanger exit,further cooling said process gas after it leaves said reformer heat exchanger component, andpurifying said process gas and producing a hydrogen product.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:providing a catalyst section having at least one catalyst element within said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component to assist in the reforming reaction.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising the step of: ...

Steam methane reformer system and method of performing a steam methane reforming process

An apparatus includes a furnace having at least one bayonet reforming tube. The furnace is adapted to receive a gas including a hydrocarbon and at least one of steam and carbon dioxide via the bayonet reforming tube, heat and catalytically react the gas to form syngas at a first temperature, cool the syngas to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and eject the syngas from the tube. The furnace has a first effluent stream including flue gas and a second effluent stream including syngas. The apparatus also includes a first heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the first effluent stream to a first heat load including one of air, water, and steam, and a second heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the second effluent stream to a second heat load.

DRY REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS

A dry reforming process for producing a synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon fuel is described. A feed stream is preheated. The feed stream includes the hydrocarbon fuel and carbon dioxide. The feed stream is flowed to a reactor. The reactor includes a catalyst. Flowing the feed stream to the reactor brings the feed stream into contact with the catalyst in the absence of oxygen and causes a dry reforming reaction within the reactor for a period of time sufficient to reform the hydrocarbon fuel to produce the synthesis gas. The catalyst includes nickel (Ni), lanthanum oxide (LaO), cerium oxide (CeO), and platinum (Pt). 1. A dry reforming process for producing a synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon fuel , comprising:preheating a feed stream comprising the hydrocarbon fuel and carbon dioxide; and{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'flowing the feed stream to a reactor comprising a catalyst, thereby bringing the feed stream into contact with the catalyst in the absence of oxygen and causing a dry reforming reaction within the reactor for a period of time sufficient to reform the hydrocarbon fuel to produce the synthesis gas, the catalyst comprising nickel (Ni), lanthanum oxide (LaO), cerium oxide (CeO), and platinum (Pt).'}2. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream is preheated to a temperature in a range of from about 750 degrees Celsius (° C.) to about 950° C.3. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein an operating pressure within the reactor during the dry reforming reaction is in a range of from about 7 bar to about 28 bar.4. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream has a carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon ratio in a range of from about 1:1 to about 4:1.5. The dry reforming process of claim 4 , wherein the carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon ratio of the feed stream is in a range of from about 1:1 to about 2:1.6. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises water.7. The dry reforming process of claim 6 , wherein the ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC GAS AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SYNTHESIZING LIQUID FUEL

A method for producing synthetic gas with which a virtually soot-free synthetic gas having a good composition can be efficiently obtained by a simple device using a liquid biofuel as the starting material, and it is thereby possible to produce a high-quality liquid fuel such as methanol, gasoline or kerosene. Steam and a liquid biofuel produced by pyrolysis of a biomass are fed to the gasification space inside a reactor tube that is not loaded with a catalyst inside the reactor tube and heated to 800 to 1,200° C. from the outside via the reactor tube walls to induce an endothermic reaction and thereby a steam reforming chemical reaction between the steam and the liquid biofuel. By setting the molar ratio of the fed steam and carbon in the liquid biofuel ([HO]/[C]) at 0.3 or higher, a synthetic gas having a good composition that is virtually free of tar and soot and is primarily Hand CO is obtained. 1. A production method for a synthesis gas , comprising:supplying a steam and a liquid biofuel generated through pyrolysis of biomass to a gasification space in a reaction tube; andheating the gasification space from outside through a tube wall of the reaction tube to cause a steam reforming reaction to occur.2. A production method for a synthesis gas according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid biofuel is obtained by separating a liquid part from a product generated through pyrolysis of a solid biomass.3. A production method according to claim 1 , wherein the gasification space is free from a catalyst.4. A production method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the steam supplied to the gasification space to a carbon in the liquid biofuel is 0.3 or more.5. A production method according to claim 1 , wherein the gasification space is heated to from 800° C. to 1 claim 1 ,200° C.6. A production method according to claim 1 , wherein a pressure in the gasification space is from 0.1 to 10 MPa.7. A production method according to claim 1 , wherein:the liquid biofuel has a ...

PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND FT PRODUCTS BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING

Process control parameters for production of hydrogen and FT products by steam/CO2 reforming include controlling steam reformer temperature, addition of steam, CO and optionally, biogas. Optimization of parameters have resulted in increased production of H, removal of sulfur and halogen contaminants, and control of the H/CO ratio for efficient generation of Fischer-Tropsch products. 1. A method of generating at least one of Hand Fischer Tropsch liquids , the method comprising:receiving feedstock into an initial reformer;reforming, in the initial reformer, at least a portion of the feedstock with steam to produce an input gas, wherein an amount of the input gas is syngas;transferring the input gas from the initial reformer to a main reformer;reforming, in the main reformer, the input gas with steam to increase the amount of syngas;transferring the syngas from the main reformer to a Fischer Tropsch module;using the syngas in a Fischer Tropsch reaction; and{'sub': '2', 'extracting from the Fischer Tropsch module HO and at least one of Fischer Tropsch liquids generated by the Fischer Tropsch reaction and H2 generated by the Fischer Tropsch reactions.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transferring CO claim 1 , H claim 1 , and COgenerated by the Fischer Tropsch reaction to the main reformer.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising transferring hydrocarbons containing at least five carbon atoms generated by the Fischer Tropsch reaction to the main reformer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein transferring the syngas from the main reformer into the Fischer Tropsch module further comprises condensing HO from the syngas prior to the syngas entering the Fischer Tropsch module.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the syngas claim 1 , when transferred into the Fischer Tropsch module claim 1 , has a H/CO ratio between 1.5 to 3.5.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the H/CO ratio is about 2.16.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the H/CO ratio is about 2.38. The method ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING OF MATERIALS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE TORCH

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like. 1. An apparatus for processing input material , comprising:a reactor vessel defining a combustion zone; the reactor vessel further having at least one input port for receiving the input feedstock, the input feedstock being directed proximally to the at least one flame;', 'the reactor vessel further having an output for discharging a primary reactor output stream;', 'at least one cooler coupled to receive the primary reactor output stream and operable to cool the primary reactor output stream and generate a secondary output stream;, 'the reactor vessel having at least one input for a combustible torch fuel to at least one torch nozzle, the at least one torch nozzle being adapted to generate at least one flame within said reactor;'}a scrubber, coupled to receive the secondary output stream from the cooler/separator, the scrubber being operable to further extract at least one gas from the secondary output stream.2. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel further has an input for receiving a supply of steam.3. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel comprises hydrogen.4. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the combustible torch fuel further comprises methane.5. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel is combined with oxygen.6. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel comprises acetylene.7. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel further having at least one input port ...

CATALYST PREPARATION METHOD

A method for preparing a catalyst comprising (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support. 1. An eggshell catalyst comprising a layer of nickel oxide of thickness ≦1000 μm on the surface of a calcined , shaped calcium aluminate cement support.2. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the calcium aluminate support comprises calcium aluminate cement powder and at least one of alumina and lime.3. An eggshell catalyst according to further comprising an alkali metal oxide.4. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support is in the form of a shaped pellet or extrudate.5. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having between 1 and 12 holes extending there-through.6. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having between 1 and 12 holes extending there-through and between 2 and 20 flutes or lobes.7. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support has 4 holes extending there-though and 4 lobes.8. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein nickel oxide content of the catalyst is in the range 2-25% wt.9. A process for the steam reforming of a hydrocarbon comprising the step of contacting a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam with a catalyst according to .10. A process according to wherein the steam reforming is selected from primary steam reforming claim 9 , and secondary reforming of a primary reformed gas mixture.11 ...

System and method for producing hydrogen

To allow hydrogen to be supplied to a dehydrogenation reaction unit for dehydrogenating an organic hydride by using a highly simple structure so that the activity of the dehydrogenation catalyst of the dehydrogenation reaction unit is prevented from being rapidly reduced. The hydrogen production system ( 1 ) comprises a first dehydrogenation reaction unit ( 3 ) for producing hydrogen by a dehydrogenation reaction of an organic hydride in presence of a first catalyst, and a second dehydrogenation reaction unit ( 4 ) for receiving a product of the first dehydrogenation reaction unit, and producing hydrogen by a dehydrogenation reaction of the organic hydride remaining in the product in presence of a second catalyst, wherein an amount of the first catalyst used in the first dehydrogenation reaction unit is equal to or less than an amount of the second catalyst used in the second dehydrogenation reaction unit, and an amount of hydrogen produced in the first dehydrogenation reaction unit is less than an amount of hydrogen produced in the second dehydrogenation reaction unit.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for the production of synthesis gas from hydrocarbon feed containing higher hydrocarbons comprising by-passing a portion of the hydrocarbon feed around a first pre-reforming stage and passing the pre-reformed and bypassed portions through at least a second pre-reforming stage. 1. Process for the production of a synthesis gas for use in the production of chemical compounds from a hydrocarbon feedstock containing higher hydrocarbons comprising the steps of:(a) splitting the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least two streams, the first stream in the form of a major hydrocarbon feedstock stream and the second stream in the form of a by-pass hydrocarbon feedstock stream;(b) adding steam to the major hydrocarbon feedstock stream and pre-reforming this stream to a pre-reformed gas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and higher hydrocarbons;(c) combining the bypassed hydrocarbon feedstock stream of step (a) with the pre-reformed gas of step (b) and pre-reforming the thus combined gas to a pre-reformed gas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;(d) reforming in a reforming stage the pre-reformed gas of step (c) into a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.2. Process according to further comprising the step of a hydrodesulfurization stage removing sulphur compounds in the hydrocarbon feedstock prior to splitting in step (a).3. Process according to further comprising prior to the pre-refoiming stage of step (b) or (c) the step of: a hydrodesulfurization stage removing sulphur compounds in the major hydrocarbon feed stock stream claim 1 , or the by-pass hydrocarbon feedstock stream claim 1 , or both.4. Process according to in which the pre-reforming stage of step (b) is operated at a steam-to-carbon ratio in the range 0.60-1.30 calculated as steam-to-carbon ratio claim 1 , while the pre-reforming stage of step (c) is operated at a lower steam-to-carbon ratio and which is in the range 0.30-0 ...

PROCESS FOR GENERATING SYNGAS FROM A CO2-RICH HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING FEED GAS

A process for generating a syngas from a CO-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas, wherein a CO-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H- and CO-comprising syngas. At least COis removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step. 1. Process for generating a syngas from a CO2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas , wherein a CO2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H2- and CO-comprising syngas ,characterized in that at least CO2 is removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step, wherein, during the scrubbing, a CO2-rich stream is generated that has a pressure in the range from 20 bar to 100 bar, and wherein the CO2-rich stream is used as feed for a synthesis or to support the extraction of oil, wherein the CO2-rich stream is injected into an oil deposit in order to increase the pressure in the oil deposit.2. Process according claim 1 , characterized in that the feed gas is conducted downstream of the scrubbing through an adsorber unit claim 1 , wherein one or more sulfur compounds that are still present in the feed gas are adsorbed in the adsorber unit and in this case removed from the feed gas.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the syngas that is generated is divided into first and second syngas substreams claim 1 , wherein the first syngas substream is used as feed for a synthesis claim 1 , and wherein the second syngas substream is subjected to a water-gas shift reaction claim 1 , wherein CO of the second syngas substream is reacted with H2O to form H2 and CO2 in order to reduce the CO content in the second syngas ...

A PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE INTO CARBON MONOXIDE

A process for converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen by introducing carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen into a reaction vessel, and performing a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature, wherein 1. A process for converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide , water and hydrogen , the process comprising introducing carbon dioxide , hydrogen and oxygen into a reaction vessel , and performing a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature , wherein(a) no catalyst is present in the reaction vessel, and(b) at least a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, a hydrogen rich gas stream and an oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the reaction vessel in separate feed streams, wherein the hydrogen rich gas stream is introduced into the reaction vessel at a temperature between 15 and 450° C.,(c) the hydrogen rich gas stream and oxygen rich gas stream being introduced in close vicinity of each other, wherein at least the hydrogen rich gas stream and the oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the reaction vessel via a burner comprising coaxial channels for the separate introduction of the different gas streams, the burner being located at the top of the reaction vessel, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen in the hydrogen rich gas stream and oxygen rich gas stream undergo a combustion reaction upon entering the reaction vessel, thereby providing the heating energy required for the reverse water-gas shift reaction; and(d) the temperature in the reaction vessel is maintained in the range of 1000 to 1500° C. by varying the molar ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, which are introduced into the reaction vessel in the hydrogen rich gas stream and oxygen rich gas stream, respectively.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in step (c) the hydrogen rich gas stream and oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the reaction vessel in close vicinity ...

Portable fuel synthesizer

A portable fuel synthesizer, comprising multiple shipping containers, the various modules within one of the multiple shipping containers, a boiler utilizing a hydrocarbon gas as fuel, a cooling system module connected to the boiler, the cooling system adjusts a temperature of the boiler, a syngas reformer, a reactor connected to the syngas reformer and the boiler, the reactor converts the syngas to a hydrocarbon liquid, a hot separator connected to the reactor, a cold separator connected to the hot separator separates liquid hydrocarbons and gaseous hydrocarbons at a lower temperature and pressure than the hot separator, a distillation unit connected to the cold separator performs fractional distillation and separation of hydrocarbon products received from the cold separator, a recycle module connected to the cold separator and distillation unit recycles unreacted gases to the reactor, and a fuel testing and blending unit to receive separated hydrocarbons from the distillation unit.

TREATMENT OF CRUDE SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for treating steam-saturated crude gases from an entrained flow gasification of fuels before entry into heat exchangers sited upstream of a crude gas converting operation. To avoid solid deposits in an entrance region of the heat exchangers, the crude gas is converted from a saturated into a superheated state by supply of a hot gas to the crude gas. Hot gas contemplated is superheated high pressure steam or recycled superheated converted crude gas. 1. A process for processing of crude synthesis gas from a gasification facility that subjects fuels to partial oxidation , for a crude gas converting operation , the process comprising:in a plurality of scrubbing stages, crude synthesis gas generated in a reactor of the gasification facility is, by injection of water into the gas, the gas is largely cleaned of entrained particles, cooled, and steam-saturated;converting the steam-saturated crude synthesis gas into a superheated state thereof; andheating the superheated crude synthesis gas in a heat exchange to an entry temperature of the crude gas converting process.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising steam saturating the crude synthesis gas at a first temperature and superheating the crude synthesis gas at a second temperature claim 1 , and a temperature difference between the first steam-saturated state at a lower temperature and the superheated state at a higher temperature is at least 5° C.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising converting the steam-saturated crude synthesis gas into the superheated state by directly supplying hot gas to the crude synthesis gas.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the hot gas comprises high pressure steam.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising converting the steam-saturated crude synthesis gas into the superheated state by directly supplying a fraction of the crude synthesis gas obtained in the crude gas converting operation which is exothermic.6. The ...

Method for producing synthetic gas

A method for reforming hydrocarbon-containing feed gas into synthesis gas, involving processing of the feed gas by pre-reforming at least partially converting one or more higher hydrocarbons into methane, and heating the feed gas by exothermic catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons before the introduction thereof into the main reforming zone, and, subsequent to the pre-reforming, reforming the pre-reformed product with the addition of a controlled quantity of an oxidizing agent.

PROCESS INTEGRATION OF A GAS PROCESSING UNIT WITH LIQUEFACTION UNIT

It is proposed to integrate a gas processing unit with a liquefaction unit. The industrial gas stream may be but is not limited to air gases of oxygen, nitrogen argon, hydrocarbon, LNG, syngas or its components, CO, or any other molecule or combination of molecules. It is proposed to integrate the underutilized process inefficiencies of a gas processing unit into the liquefaction unit to produce a liquid at a reduced operating cost. The gas processing unit may be any system or apparatus which alters the composition of a feed gas. Examples could be, but are not limited to, a methanol plant, steam methane reformer, cogeneration plant, and partial oxidation unit. 1. A process for the production of a liquid by integration of a gas processing unit and a liquefaction unit , the process comprising the steps of:a) providing a gas processing unit;b) providing a liquefaction unit, wherein the liquefaction unit is in fluid communication with the gas processing unit, such that the liquefaction unit and the gas processing unit are configured to send and receive fluids from each other;c) extracting a letdown energy from a high pressure gas to produce refrigeration to be used within the liquefaction unit, thereby producing a low pressure gas, wherein the low pressure gas is then used by the gas processing unit as a low pressure feedstream;d) liquefying an industrial gas within the liquefaction unit using refrigeration produced in step c).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas processing unit is selected from the group consisting of a methanol plant claim 1 , a steam methane reformer claim 1 , a cogeneration plant claim 1 , a partial oxidation unit claim 1 , an autothermal reforming unit claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the industrial gas is selected from the group consisting of an air gas claim 1 , a hydrocarbon claim 1 , syngas claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , and ...

HYDROGEN GENERATION APPARATUS

A hydrogen generation apparatus is configured to be supplied with a raw material containing a hydrocarbon component and generate a hydrogen-containing fuel gas. The hydrogen generation apparatus includes: a reformer configured to cause a reforming reaction of a mixed gas of the raw material and steam; a combustor configured to combust a combustible gas to heat the reformer; a hydrodesulfurizer configured to be supplied with heat from the reformer, and cause a reaction between sulfur in the raw material that is to be supplied to the reformer and hydrogen to remove the sulfur from the raw material; a first heat insulating material disposed between the hydrodesulfurizer and the reformer; and a heat equalizing plate disposed between the hydrodesulfurizer and the first heat insulating material.

System and Method For Fueling Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Disclosed is an alternative fuel fueling station useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles simultaneously. The alternative fuel fueling station includes a solid oxide fuel cell, an electrical conduit, and a compressed hydrogen conduit, such that the alternative fuel fueling station can fuel both the electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles simultaneously. 2. The method of claim 1 , where the method further comprises the step of introducing water to the SOFC system of the alternative fuel fueling station.3. The method of claim 1 , where the alternative fuel is compressed hydrogen product and the alternative fuel vehicle is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.4. The method of claim 1 , where the alternative fuel is electrical power and the alternative fuel vehicle is an electrical vehicle.5. The method of claim 1 , where the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of: naphtha claim 1 , kerosene and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , where the SOFC system includes a hydrodesulfurization system that fluidly couples to the hydrogen compression and storage system and is operable to receive a hydrocarbon fuel.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising a steam reformer having catalytic reactor tubes and a reformer combustion chamber claim 6 , where the catalytic reactor tubes couple to the hydrodesulfurization system and are operable to receive steam claim 6 , and where the reformer combustion chamber thermally couples to the catalytic reactor tubes and fluidly couples to both an outlet of an anode side of the solid oxide fuel cell and an oxygen generation system and is operable to receive the hydrocarbon fuel claim 6 ,the anode side operable to receive a methane-rich anode feed gas without a reformer, the methane-rich anode feed gas comprising a pre-reformer syngas product and an off-gas stream from a hydrogen purification system, where the off-gas stream comprises methane, carbon oxides, and inert gases, ...

MODULAR PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TIGHT GAS AND TIGHT OIL AND FOR TIGHT OIL REFINING

Modular, portable processes and apparatus for the production of tight gas (including shale gas) and tight oil (including shale oil) and for the conversion of tight oil into a plurality of marketable fuels are described which enable easy deployment and start-up and are specifically useful in remote areas. Furthermore, these modular processes and apparatus are configured to use co-produced tight gas as a source of processing energy. Another feature of the modular processes is to substantially reduce the use of fracking water and process water. In some embodiments modular processes include (A) Purified Salt Production; (B) Modular Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Production; (C) Hydrogen Production by Autothermal Reformer; (D) Optimized Hydraulic Fracturing; (E) Desalting with Bi-Electric Configuration with an Interchanger; (F) Desalter Water Recovery and Recyclling; (G) Precut Column with a Gas-Fired Heater; (H) Crude Distillation with a Gas-Fired Heater; (I) Hydrodesulfurization using Reactive Distillation; and (J) Vacuum Distillation. 1. A modular process for tight oil refining comprising:(A) producing purified salt;(B) producing hydrochloric acid (HCl);(C) producing hydrogen using an autothermal reformer;(D) hydraulic fracturing a subsurface formation;(E) desalting using a bi-electric configuration with an interchanger;(F) recovering and recycling water used in the desalting;(G) generating a precut column using a heater;(H) distilling crude oil using a heater;(I) hydrodesulfurizing the distilled crude oil using a reactive distillation column; and(J) vacuum distilling the hydrodesulfurized crude oil.2. The process as set forth in claim 1 , wherein a facility for performing the purified salt production is optimally sized to produce 131 STPD and to serve three satellite chloralkali plants with each chloralkali plant producing 68 STPD of 35.7% HCl as well as 53 STPD of 50 wt % NaOH.3. The process as set forth in claim 1 , wherein 10-15% excess hydrogen is produced by the HCl ...

Method of natural gas pretreatment

A method of natural gas treatment including introducing a natural gas containing stream into a dryer unit, thereby producing a treated natural gas containing stream. Introducing the treated natural gas containing stream into a nitrogen rejection unit, thereby producing a further treated natural gas stream as a nitrogen rejection unit product. Splitting the nitrogen rejection unit product into at least two portions, introducing the first portion of the further treated natural gas stream into a reformer unit as first part of feed, and introducing a second portion of the further treated natural gas stream into the dryer unit as a regeneration stream, thereby producing a regeneration waste stream. Introducing at least a portion of the regeneration waste stream into the reformer unit as second part of feed.

Torrefaction Of Biomass Feed With Steam Stripping

A process for optimizing a biomass feedstock for gasification for the production of syngas. The biomass feed, which is preferably a lignocellulosic material, is subjected to controlled torrefaction followed by steam stripping of the torrefied solids. The biomass undergoes a weight loss of about 10% to 15% on a dry ash free basis. This increases the energy density and friability of the stripped torrefied biomass and results in higher efficiency on subsequent densification or gasification. 1. a process for preparing a biomass feedstream for gasification , which process comprises:a) comminuting said biomass to an effective particle size;b) conducting said comminuted biomass to a drying zone wherein at least about 90 wt. % of water is removed thereby resulting in a dried comminuted biomass stream and a first vapor stream;c) passing said dried comminuted biomass stream to a torrefaction zone where it is torrefied at temperatures ranging from about 200° C. to about 350° C., in a substantially non-oxidizing environment and at an effective residence time to result in a weight loss of from about 10% to about 15% on a dry ash-free basis, thereby resulting in a second vapor phase stream comprised of water vapor and small amounts of organic components, and a torrefied comminuted biomass solids stream containing small amounts of organic moieties;d) passing said torrefied comminuted biomass solids stream to a stream stripping zone wherein it is contacted with superheated?? steam wherein at least a portion of said organic moieties is stripped from the torrefied comminuted biomass solids;e) passing at least a portion of said stripped torrefied dried comminuted biomass stream to a gasification zone;f) venting at least a portion of said first vapor stream to the atmosphere and conducting at least a portion of any remaining first vapor stream to a combustion zone;g) conducting at least a portion of said second vapor stream to said combustion zone and recycling at least a portion of ...

CO SHIFT CONVERSION DEVICE AND SHIFT CONVERSION METHOD

The present invention provides a CO shift conversion device and a CO shift conversion method which improves CO conversion rate without increasing usage of a shift conversion catalyst. A CO shift conversion device includes: a CO shift converter having a catalyst layer composed of a CO shift conversion catalyst and performing CO shift conversion process on a gas flowing inside; and a COremover removing COcontained in a gas introduced. The catalyst layer is composed of a CO shift conversion catalyst having a property that a CO conversion rate decreases with an increase of the concentration of COcontained in a gas flowing inside. The concentration of COcontained in a gas G to be processed is lowered by the COremover and, after that, the resultant gas is supplied to the CO shift converter where it is subjected to the CO shift conversion process. 1. A CO shift conversion method in which CO and HO contained in a gas to be processed are reacted and thereby converted into COand H , the method comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'lowering a concentration of COcontained in the gas to be processed to 5% or less in volume ratio; and'}subsequently performing a CO shift conversion process on the gas by allowing the gas to pass through a catalyst layer composed of a CO shift conversion catalyst, wherein{'sub': 2', '2, 'the catalyst layer has a property that a CO conversion rate decreases with an increase of the concentration of COcontained in the gas flowing inside the catalyst layer due to a COpoisoning action.'}2. The CO shift conversion method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of CO contained in the gas to be processed is 2% or less in volume ratio.3. The CO shift conversion method according to claim 1 , wherein the CO shift conversion catalyst composing the catalyst layer includes a copper-zinc-based catalyst.4. The CO shift conversion method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of lowering a concentration of COcontained in the gas to be processed to 5% or ...

Method and System for Converting Associated Gas

A volume of natural gas including a volume of methane and a volume of other alkanes may be cleaned of the other alkanes using a steam reformer system to create synthesis gas.

Hybrid plant for liquid fuel production

A hybrid plant and method for producing liquid fuel product from hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing streams produced by gasifying solid carbonaceous feedstock and steam reforming of light fossil fuels. When a gasification unit in the hybrid plant is operating at reduced capacity or is not operational, oxygen that would have been used in the gasification unit is diverted to a light fossil fuel conversion unit containing an autothermal reformer to increase H 2 -rich syngas flow to a liquid fuel production unit and maintain liquid fuel production at near nameplate capacity.

Semiconductor material based on metal nanowires and porous nitride and preparation method thereof

Provided are a semiconductor material based on metal nanowires and a porous nitride, and a preparation method thereof. The semiconductor material includes: a substrate; a buffer layer formed on the substrate; and a composite material layer formed on the buffer layer the composite material layer includes: a transverse porous nitride template layer; and a plurality of metal nanowires filled in pores of the transverse porous nitride template layer.

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE-STABILIZED UREA

A process for the production of formaldehyde-stabilised urea is described comprising the steps of: (a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit; (b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas; (c) synthesising methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide; (d) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit; (e) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas; (f) synthesising ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia; (g) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a urea stream; and (h) stabilising the urea by mixing the urea stream and a stabiliser prepared using formaldehyde recovered from the formaldehyde production unit, wherein a source of air is compressed and divided into first and second portions, the first portion is provided to the formaldehyde production unit for the oxidation of methanol and the second portion is further compressed and provided to the synthesis gas generation unit. 1. A process for producing formaldehyde-stabilized urea comprising the steps of:(a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit;(b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas;(c) synthesizing methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off- ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for producing a formaldehyde-stabilised urea product comprising the steps of(a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit;(b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas;(c) synthesizing methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide;{'b': '9', '(d) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a process comprising subjecting the methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream, separating the formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream , wherein said recovered methanol forms at least a portion of the feed to said formaldehyde production unit;'}(e) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas;(f) synthesizing ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia;(g) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a ...

System and method for producing hydrogen

Provided is a system and a method which allow hydrogen to be produced both efficiently and in a stable manner when using exhaust gas produced by power generation as a heat source for the dehydrogenation reaction, controlling the temperature of the dehydrogenation reaction within an appropriate range. The system ( 1 ) for producing hydrogen comprises a dehydrogenation reaction unit ( 51 ) for producing hydrogen from an organic hydride by a dehydrogenation reaction in presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst; a first power generation unit ( 2 ) for generating electric power from energy of combustion gas produced by combustion of fuel; a waste heat recovery unit ( 3 ) for receiving heat from exhaust gas expelled from the first power generation unit; a heat exchanger ( 21 ) provided in the waste heat recovery unit for exchanging heat between the exhaust gas and a heat medium; and a circulation line (L 1 -L 3 ) for introducing the heat medium heated in the heat exchanger to the dehydrogenation reaction unit in liquid form, and returning the heat medium expelled from the dehydrogenation reaction unit to the heat exchanger; wherein the heat medium is introduced into the dehydrogenation reaction unit at an introduction temperature ranging between 352° C. and 392° C., the heat medium is expelled from the dehydrogenation reaction unit at an expulsion temperature ranging between 337 ° C. and 367 ° C., and a difference between the introduction temperature and the expulsion temperature ranges between 10° C. and 50° C.

PROCESS AND MEANS FOR DECOMPOSITION OF SOUR GAS AND HYDROGEN GENERATION

Integrated refinery processes and systems for generating hydrogen by direct decomposition of hydrocarbons. The integrated processes and systems can be used to capture carbon and sulfur in solid form, reducing carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide emissions. The processes include reacting sour gas with a metal-based sorbent in a reactor to produce sulfur-bearing solids and water, and to partially reform hydrocarbons in the sour gas to produce hydrogen-rich syngas; and cracking remaining hydrocarbons thermally with or without the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen and solid carbon. 1. A method for generating hydrogen from a sour hydrocarbon feedstock and capturing carbon and sulfur in solid form in situ with a metal-based sorbent , the method comprising:providing a sour hydrocarbon feedstock and a metal-based sorbent to a hydrogen production unit comprising a fuel reactor, wherein the metal-based sorbent comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of: calcium, nickel, iron, and combinations of the same;reacting the sour hydrocarbon feedstock with the metal-based sorbent such that hydrocarbons in the sour hydrocarbon feedstock are partially reformed, hydrogen is produced, and sulfur is captured in sulfur-bearing solids; andcracking remaining hydrocarbons, wherein the remaining hydrocarbons comprise hydrocarbons from the sour hydrocarbon feedstock that are not partially reformed, such that a hydrogen-rich syngas and carbon solids are produced.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of reacting carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich syngas with water vapor to produce shifted hydrogen-rich syngas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of cracking the remaining hydrocarbons includes cracking the remaining hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based sorbent comprises calcium oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of calcining calcium carbonate such that calcium oxide is ...

Process for Producing Ammonia Synthesis Gas

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from the reforming of hydrocarbons with steam in a primary reformer ( 1 ) equipped with a plurality of externally heated catalytic tubes and then together with air in a secondary reformer ( 2 ) is characterized in that the reaction of said hydrocarbons with said steam in said primary reformer ( 1 ) is performed at an operating pressure of more than 35 bar in the catalytic tubes, in that air is added to said secondary reformer in excess over the nitrogen amount required for ammonia synthesis and in that the excess of nitrogen is removed downstream the secondary reformer preferably by cryogenic separation or by molecular sieves of the TAS or PSA type. This process allows to obtain high synthesis gas production capacities and lower investment and energy costs.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR STEAM REFORMING

A process and an apparatus for generating a hydrogen- and/or carbon monoxide-comprising gas product, wherein a hydrocarbon feed formed from a hydrocarbons-containing starting material is supplied together with superheated steam to a steam reforming proceeding at elevated pressure to obtain a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-containing crude synthesis gas from which the gas product is derived are disclosed. The boiler feed water is supplied at a pressure higher than its critical pressure with heat to obtain supercritical water of which subsequently at least a portion is employed as propelling medium in a steam jet ejector by means of which the hydrocarbon feed and/or a substance employed for the formation thereof are compressed. 1. A process for generating a hydrogen- and/or carbon monoxide-comprising gas product , wherein a hydrocarbon feed formed from a hydrocarbons-containing starting material is supplied together with superheated steam to a steam reforming proceeding at elevated pressure to obtain a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-containing crude synthesis gas from which the gas product is derived , characterized in that boiler feed water is supplied at a pressure higher than its critical pressure with heat to obtain supercritical water of which subsequently at least a portion is employed as propelling medium in a steam jet ejector by means of which the hydrocarbon feed and/or a substance employed for the formation thereof are compressed.2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that during compression of the hydrocarbon feed in the steam jet ejector a substance mixture is formed which meets the requirements of steam reforming on account of its composition and/or has a pressure allowing supply to the steam reforming without further compression.3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the boiler feed water is heated in indirect heat exchange against flue gas from which heat is removed beforehand for the steam reforming.4. The process ...

BIMETALLIC CATALYST FOR CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

A bimetallic catalyst composition containing a mesh substrate having supported thereon an alumina washcoat on which are impregnated bimetallic particles of rhodium and ruthenium in specified amounts. A process for the catalytic partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon, such as methane or natural gas, involving contacting the hydrocarbon with an oxidant in the presence of the aforementioned bimetallic catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce synthesis gas, that is, to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

REFORMING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CHEMICAL PRODUCTS

A reforming device () according to the present invention has a compressor (), a first heat exchanger (), a desulfurization device (), a reformer (), a raw material gas branching line (L) that extracts a compressed natural gas () from a downstream side of the desulfurization device () with respect to the flow direction of the natural gas () and supplies the natural gas () to the reformer (), and a flue gas discharging line (L) that discharges a flue gas () generated in the reformer (), wherein the first heat exchanger () is provided in the flue gas discharging line (L), and the flue gas () is used as a heating medium of the compressed natural gas (). 1. A reforming method comprising:a first heat-exchange step of heating a raw material gas containing compressed hydrocarbon and sulfur;a desulfurization step of removing sulfur content contained in the heated raw material gas;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a reforming step of reforming the hydrocarbon in the raw material gas to either one or both of Hand CO or Hand COto generate a reformed gas containing either one or both of Hand CO or Hand CO;'}a second heat-exchange step of heat-exchanging a combustion air used for heating in the reforming step with the flue gas that is heat-exchanged in the first heat-exchange step;a third heat-exchange step of heat-exchanging feed water supplied to a steam generation unit with the flue gas, the third heat-exchange step being performed between the first heat-exchange step and the second heat-exchange step; anda fourth heat-exchange step that is performed in a raw material gas branching line to heat-exchange the compressed raw material gas introduced into the first heat-exchange step with a part of the branched raw material gas,wherein the compressed raw material gas is extracted from either one or both of an upstream side and a downstream side of the desulfurization step with respect to a flow direction of the raw material gas, and is supplied as a combustion fuel used for ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR STEAM REFORMING

One embodiment of the present invention is a unique method for operating a fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique system for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel. Another embodiment is a unique fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and steam reforming systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith. 1. A system for steam reforming a hydrocarbon fuel , comprising:a source of fuel;a fuel cell stack;a catalyst consisting essentially of platinum and ruthenium as catalytically active materials, wherein the platinum content by weight is less than the ruthenium content of the catalyst, and wherein the catalyst is configured for self-cleaning of sulfur compounds when performing steam reforming using a low-sulfur content hydrocarbon fuel; and a fuel inlet in fluid communication with the source of fuel and configured to receive hydrocarbon fuel from the source of fuel;', 'a fuel outlet in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack and configured to provide reformed hydrocarbon fuel to the fuel cell stack; and', 'a catalytic reactor having a plurality of surfaces, wherein the plurality of surfaces have the catalyst disposed thereon, and wherein the catalyst is configured to:', 'reform a high-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel received from the source of fuel with at least steam for a first period of time; and', 'reform a low-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel received from the source of fuel with at least steam for a second period of time whereby the catalyst, using the low-sulfur content hydrocarbon fuel, self-cleans of sulfur compounds that may be present from poisoning by sulfur exposure during the reforming of the high-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel., 'a reformer comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the platinum content of the catalyst is a ...

OBTAINING A SOLID FORM CONTAINING HEAT-STABILIZED BORAZANE, SAID SOLID FORM, AND THE USE THEREOF FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN

A process for obtaining a solid form containing heat-stabilized borazane is described. The solid form is capable of generating hydrogen by thermal decomposition or by a self-maintained combustion reaction. Within the solid form containing borazane, the borazane is heat-stabilized. It has thus been heat-stabilized by making an oxidized layer at its surface. 1. A process for obtaining a solid form containing heat-stabilized borazane , said solid form being capable of generating hydrogen by thermal decomposition or by a self-maintained combustion reaction , said process comprising:a) making available at least one solid form of borazane chosen from grains of pulverulent powder, granules, pellets, blocks, and mixtures thereof,b) heat treating said at least one solid form of borazane, in air, at a temperature of between 50 and 85° C., the heat treatment generating an oxidized layer at its surface; said at least one heat-treated solid form of borazane then constituting a solid form containing heat-stabilized borazane, which is capable of generating hydrogen by thermal decomposition; andc1) recovering said at least one solid form containing heat-stabilized borazane, which is capable of generating hydrogen by thermal decomposition; orc2) mixing said at least one solid form of borazane, chosen from grains of pulverulent powder and/or granules, heat-treated, with at least one inorganic oxidizing agent, which is in the form of a pulverulent powder and/or of granules; a resulting mixture, containing said at least one heat-treated solid form of borazane and said at least one inorganic oxidizing agent, then constituting a solid form containing heat-stabilized borazane, which is capable of generating hydrogen by a self-maintained combustion reaction, and recovering said at least one solid form containing heat-stabilized borazane, which is capable of generating hydrogen by a self-maintained combustion reaction; orc3) mixing said at least one solid form of borazane, chosen from ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A CHEMICAL OR FUEL

A method for providing a fuel includes providing a partially purified biogas at a first processing site, where the partially purified biogas is produced by multiple biogas sources and/or from multiple feedstock sources. The partially purified biogas is compressed, fed to a mobile tank, and transported by vehicle to a second processing site. At the second processing site, which may also receive biogas from a plurality of biogas sources, the partially purified biogas is further processed to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for producing a chemical or fuel comprising:(a) at a first processing site, receiving biogas from a first plurality of biogas sources, the biogas received from each biogas source being raw biogas or partially purified biogas;(b) at the first processing site, processing the biogas received in (a) and feeding the processed biogas into one or more mobile tanks until each mobile tank is pressurized to at least 1000 psig, the processing comprising partial purification, compression, or a combination thereof;(c) transporting the one or mobile tanks pressurized to at least 1000 psig to a second other processing site;(d) removing the processed biogas from the one or more mobile tanks transported in step (c); and(e) producing the chemical, fuel, or fuel intermediate using feedstock comprising methane from the processed biogas removed in step (d) and fossil-based methane.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein said second processing site is configured to receive biogas from a second other plurality of biogas sources.23. The method according to claim 21 , wherein each biogas source in the first plurality of biogas sources is connected to the first processing site by pipeline.24. The method according to claim 22 , wherein each biogas source in the second plurality of biogas sources is connected to the second processing site or to a third other processing site by pipeline.25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein each ...

HYDROGEN TURBINE COMPATIBLE FUEL SOURCE

Systems and methods for generating power using hydrogen fuel, such as derived from natural gas, are provided. Feed materials are introduced into a compact hydrogen generator to produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas and steam. Sorbent material within the compact hydrogen generator acts to absorb carbon dioxide, forming a used sorbent. Hydrogen gas and steam are separated from the used sorbent and passed to a power generator such as a hydrogen turbine to produce power. The used sorbent is introduced into a calciner and heated to desorb carbon dioxide and form a regenerated sorbent which can be recycled to the compact hydrogen generator. 1. A system for power generation , the system comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a compact hydrogen generator, the compact hydrogen generator containing a quantity of a sorbent material, wherein a feed material produces generator products including H, carbon dioxide, and steam and the sorbent material absorbs carbon dioxide and forms a used sorbent;'}{'sub': '2', 'a gas/solids separator connected to the compact hydrogen generator to separate the used sorbent from the Hand steam;'}a calciner connected to the gas/solids separator to heat the used sorbent to desorb carbon dioxide from the used sorbent to produce regenerated sorbent;a recycle line to introduce at least a portion of the regenerated sorbent from the calciner to the compact hydrogen generator; and{'sub': '2', 'at least one power generator to receive and utilize at least a portion of the Hproduct and steam from the gas/solids separator to produce power,'}wherein the compact hydrogen generator has a steam to carbon ratio operating range between 2.5:1 to 4:1 and produces generator products having a steam to hydrogen ratio (volume basis) of between 1:8 and 1:2.2. The system of wherein the compact hydrogen generator comprises a fluidized bed claim 1 , sorbent enhanced reformer.3. The system of wherein the compact hydrogen generator containing the sorbent material comprises a bubbling ...

Integrated carbon capture and gas to liquids system

A gas to liquids process is described wherein carbon dioxide is captured and used within the gas to liquids process.

Steam-Hydrocarbon Reforming Process

A steam-hydrocarbon reforming process utilizing a prereformer where a portion of the effluent from the prereformer is conditioned and the C2+ hydrocarbon content in the conditioned effluent measured. The molar flow rate of steam to the prereformer is increased or decreased responsive to measuring the C2+ hydrocarbon content of the conditioned effluent. 1. A steam-hydrocarbon reforming process comprising: wherein the feed stream comprises steam and hydrocarbons including C2+ hydrocarbons, wherein the concentration of the C2+ hydrocarbons in the feed stream varies during the first period;', {'sub': 'HC', 'wherein the feed stream has a molar flow rate of hydrocarbons, F; and'}, {'sub': S', 'S', 'HC, 'wherein the feed stream has a molar flow rate of steam, F, thereby defining a ratio, F/F, of the molar flow rate of steam to the molar flow rate of hydrocarbons in the feed stream;'}], 'passing a feed stream to a first reactor containing a catalyst during a first period, reacting the feed stream in the first reactor in the presence of the catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to react the feed stream and form an intermediate product stream, and withdrawing the intermediate product stream from the first reactor;'}{'sub': '1', 'dividing the intermediate product stream into a first portion and a second portion, the second portion of the intermediate product stream having a mass flow rate, M;'}{'sub': 2', '4', '2, 'introducing a second reactor feed stream comprising the first portion of the intermediate product stream into a second reactor, reacting the second reactor feed stream in the second reactor in the presence of a second catalyst under reaction conditions effective to form a reformate comprising H, CO, CH, and HO, and withdrawing the reformate from the second reactor;'}conditioning the second portion to remove at least water and ammonia and form a conditioned portion of the second portion of the intermediate product stream;measuring a C2+ hydrocarbon content in ...

CONVERSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES BY DRY REFORMING

A method for conversion of greenhouse gases comprises: introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel; introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the reaction vessel; and irradiating catalytic material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy. The irradiated catalytic material is heated and catalyzes an endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and methane that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy. A mixture that includes carbon monoxide and hydrogen can undergo catalyzed reactions producing multiple-carbon reaction products in a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel. 1. A method for simultaneously consuming carbon dioxide and generating one or more multiple-carbon reaction products in a single reaction vessel , the method comprising:(a) introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a higher-temperature portion of a reaction vessel;(b) introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(c) irradiating first catalytic material in the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel with microwave energy so as to heat the first catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the carbon dioxide and the methane, catalyzed by the first catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide;(d) cooling a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, thereby establishing a temperature gradient within the reaction vessel wherein the irradiated, higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel exhibits a higher temperature than the cooled, lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, wherein at least a portion of heat required to maintain the temperature gradient is supplied by the microwave energy irradiating the first catalytic material in ...

CONVERSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES TO SYNTHESIS GAS BY DRY REFORMING

A method for conversion of greenhouse gases comprises: introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel; introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the reaction vessel; and irradiating catalytic material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy. The irradiated catalytic material is heated and catalyzes an endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and methane that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy. If desired, a mixture that includes carbon monoxide and hydrogen can flow out of the reaction vessel and be introduced into a second reaction vessel to undergo catalyzed reactions producing multiple-carbon reaction products. 1. A method for generating a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen , the method comprising:(a) introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel;(b) introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the reaction vessel;(c) irradiating catalytic material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy so as to heat the catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the carbon dioxide and the methane, catalyzed by the catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein at least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy irradiating the catalytic material in the reaction vessel; and(d) allowing a mixture that includes the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen to flow out of the reaction vessel.2. The method of further comprising separating at least a portion of the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen from the mixture that leaves the reaction vessel.3. The method of further comprising dehumidifying the gaseous source of carbon dioxide or the gaseous source of methane before introduction into the reaction ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED TO SYNGAS TO OLEFIN PRODUCTION

In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for producing lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. Also disclosed herein, is a system utilized to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbons. 1. A method comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'a) providing natural gas comprising methane and N;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) removing at least a portion of the Nfrom the natural gas, thereby producing a first gas comprising methane and less than about 2 mole % of N;'}{'sub': '2', 'c) converting at least a portion of the first gas to synthesis gas comprising Hand CO;'}{'sub': '2', 'd) converting at least a portion of the synthesis gas to a first product stream comprising methane, C2-C9 hydrocarbons, C10+ hydrocarbons, unreacted synthesis gas, and CO; and'}e) separating at least a portion of the methane from the first product stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of converting at least a portion of the first gas to synthesis gas comprising Hand CO is performed by a partial oxidation process in a partial oxidation reactor.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method further comprises the steps of:f) separating at least a portion of the C10+ hydrocarbons from the first product stream; and{'sub': '2', 'g) recycling at least a portion of the separated C10+ hydrocarbons back into the step of converting at least a portion of the first gas to synthesis gas comprising Hand CO is performed by partial oxidation process in a partial oxidation reactor.'}4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas comprises less than about 1.5 mole % of N.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 80 wt % of the first gas is converted to the synthesis gas comprising Hand CO.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product stream comprises at least about 60 wt % of C2-C5 hydrocarbons.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product stream comprises from about 40 wt % to about 70 wt % of C2-C5 olefins.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for producing synthesis gas () by steam reforming, in which nitrogen is separated off from a starting material () containing hydrocarbons and nitrogen in order to produce a low-nitrogen feed () for a burner-fired steam reformer (D), with formation of a hydrocarbon-containing residual gas () which subsequently serves as fuel (). 15. A process for producing synthesis gas () by steam reforming comprising:{'b': 1', '4', '2', '6, 'separating off nitrogen from a starting material () containing hydrocarbons and nitrogen in order to produce a low-nitrogen feed () for a burner-fired steam reformer (D), and a hydrocarbon-containing residual gas () which subsequently serves as fuel (),'}{'b': '2', 'wherein the nitrogen is separated off adsorptively (N) from the starting material and at least part of the hydrocarbon-containing residual gas () is used as fuel for firing the steam reformer (D).'}22. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a part of the residual gas () not required for firing the steam reformer (D) is exported as fuel.31113105. The process according to claim 1 , wherein carbon monoxide () and/or hydrogen () and/or oxo gas () is obtained as gas product from the synthesis gas () produced in steam reformer (D).41113105. The process according to claim 2 , wherein carbon monoxide () and/or hydrogen () and/or oxo gas () is obtained as gas product from the synthesis gas () produced in steam reformer (D).51. The process according to claim 1 , wherein natural gas containing nitrogen and hydrocarbons is used as starting material ().65. An apparatus for producing synthesis gas () comprising:{'b': 4', '1, 'a burner-fired steam reformer (D) and a facility (T) for producing a low-nitrogen feed () for the steam reformer (D) from a starting material () containing hydrocarbons and nitrogen,'}{'b': 6', '2', '6, 'wherein said facility (T) is connected via a line () to a burner (B) of said steam reformer (D) in such a way that a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE OF DIMETHYL ETHER (DME) FROM NATURAL GAS AND FLARE GAS FEEDSTOCK

A unique design for a mobile system that reforms flare gas or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce dimethyl ether (DME), a diesel substitute, is disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressures, and then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to up to 600 psi, and feeds it through a combined reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into dimethyl ether. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. DME is an excellent diesel fuel, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based diesel fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that is currently flared in North Dakota could be converted into over 3 million tons of DME. 1. A mobile system for converting raw natural gas into dimethyl ether (DME) using air as a source of oxygen , comprising:a syngas generator for generating syngas from the raw natural gas and air;a syngas compressor for compressing the syngas;a DME synthesis unit for synthesizing the DME from the compressed syngas, comprising a single reaction chamber comprising a mixed catalyst bed of hydrogenation and dehydration catalysts; anda DME purification unit for separating the DME from side products in the DME synthesis unit to produce a purified DME stream.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a sulfur removal unit for removing sulfur from the raw natural gas stream.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixed catalyst bed comprises a syngas-to-methanol synthesis catalyst and a methanol-to-DME dehydration catalyst.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the syngas-to-methanol synthesis catalyst is Cu—ZnO.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the methanol-to-DME dehydration catalyst is gamma alumina.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixed catalyst bed comprises Cu—ZnO for methanol synthesis blended with gamma alumina for methanol dehydration to DME.7. The ...

System and method for producing hydrogen using high temperature fuel cells

A steam methane reformer-integrated fuel cell system includes: at least one fuel cell including: an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte matrix separating the anode and the cathode; an anode gas oxidizer (AGO) configured to receive anode exhaust gas from the at least one fuel cell and a preheated air stream such that the anode exhaust gas reacts with the preheated air stream to produce a high-temperature exhaust stream, and configured to provide the high-temperature exhaust stream to the cathode of the at least one fuel cell; and a steam methane reformer configured to utilize heat from the high-temperature exhaust stream output from the AGO and to react methane with steam to produce a first product stream including hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO).

POLYGENERATION PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FOR USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

Provided are processes for production of hydrogen to be used in various industrial processes, including in processes for production of ammonia and urea. Included are polygeneration processes that result in ultra-low emissions. 1. A method for the production of hydrogen from synthesis gases of an oxygen supplied partial oxidation process , the method comprising the steps of:supplying a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous feedstock and oxygen to an oxygen supplied partial oxidation process to produce a synthesis gas, the synthesis gas comprising carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;supplying the synthesis gas to a first reactor, the first reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert at least a portion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and produce a modified synthesis gas;supplying the modified synthesis gas to a second reactor, the second reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert remaining carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas;supplying the carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas from the second reactor to a first condenser to remove water and produce a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide;supplying the hydrogen and carbon dioxide stream to a pressure swing adsorption process to produce a pure hydrogen stream and pressure swing adsorption tail gas; andextracting exothermic heat for the production of power, heating and cooling of the process, or export of steam.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:supplying the pure hydrogen stream and nitrogen gas from an air separation unit to a fourth reactor, the fourth reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to produce an ammonia product stream.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:supplying the pure hydrogen stream to a Fischer Tropsch gas to liquids process.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:supplying the synthesis gas or modified synthesis gas to a soot removal ...

POWER GENERATION USING HYDROGEN FUEL WITH ECONOMICAL CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE

Systems and methods for generating power using hydrogen fuel, such as derived from natural gas, are provided. Feed materials are introduced into a compact hydrogen generator to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. Sorbent material within the compact hydrogen generator acts to absorb carbon dioxide, forming a used sorbent. The hydrogen gas is separated from the used sorbent and passed to a power generator such as a hydrogen turbine to produce power. The used sorbent is introduced into a calciner and heated to desorb carbon dioxide and form a regenerated sorbent which can be recycled to the compact hydrogen generator. 1. A system for power generation , the system comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a compact hydrogen generator, the compact hydrogen generator containing a quantity of a sorbent material, wherein a feed material produces Hproduct and carbon dioxide and the sorbent material absorbs carbon dioxide and forms a used sorbent;'}{'sub': '2', 'a gas/solids separator connected to the compact hydrogen generator to separate the Hproduct and the used sorbent;'}a calciner connected to the gas/solids separator to heat the used sorbent to desorb carbon dioxide from the used sorbent to produce regenerated sorbent;a recycle line to introduce at least a portion of the regenerated sorbent from the calciner to the compact hydrogen generator; and{'sub': '2', 'at least one power generator to receive and utilize at least a portion of the Hproduct from the gas/solids separator to produce power.'}2. The system of wherein the compact hydrogen generator comprises a fluidized bed claim 1 , sorbent enhanced reformer.3. The system of wherein the compact hydrogen generator containing the sorbent material comprises a bubbling fluidized bed of the sorbent material and a reforming catalyst for catalytic conversion of methane to the Hproduct claim 1 , wherein the reforming catalyst and the sorbent material are sized for the reforming catalyst to remain in the fluidized bed while the Hproduct and ...

Methane rich gas upgrading to methanol

A method for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed gas to methanol, including the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon feed gas; optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed gas in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed gas together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a methanol synthesis unit to provide a product including methanol and an off-gas. Also, a system for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed gas to methanol. 1. A method for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed gas to methanol , comprising the steps of:a1) providing a hydrocarbon feed gas,{'sub': '2', 'b1) optionally, providing COto the process,'}b2) optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed gas in a gas purification unit,b3) optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed gas together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit, c1) supplying said hydrocarbon feed gas to the reforming reactor,', 'c2) allowing the hydrocarbon feed gas to undergo steam methane reforming reaction over the structured catalyst and outletting a synthesis gas from the reforming reactor, and', 'c3) supplying electrical power via electrical conductors connecting an electrical power supply placed outside said pressure shell to said structured catalyst, allowing an electrical current to run through said macroscopic structure material, thereby heating at least part of the structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 500° C.,, 'c) carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor with a comprising a pressure shell housing a structured catalyst arranged to catalyze steam reforming of said hydrocarbon feed gas, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of an electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, where said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; said steam methane reforming comprising ...

Biogas upgrading to methanol

A method for upgrading biogas to methanol, including the steps of: providing a reformer feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the reformer feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the reformer feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a methanol synthesis unit to provide a product including methanol and an off-gas. Also, a system for upgrading biogas to methanol.

Method and system for producing methanol using partial oxidation

A method and system for producing methanol that employs steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or autothermal (ATR) synthesis gas production system, together with a partial oxidation system, is disclosed. The dual mode system and method for producing the synthesis gas in a methanol production process optimizes the efficiency and productivity of the methanol plant by using the partial oxidation based reforming system as an independent source of synthesis gas. The disclosed methods and systems are configurable either as a retrofit to existing methanol production facilities or as an integrated package into newly constructed methanol production facilities.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE OF METHANOL FROM NATURAL GAS AND FLARE GAS FEEDSTOCK

A mobile system and method that reform flare gas, methane, or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce methanol, a clean burning gasoline blend, component, and/or substitute are disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressure, then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to about 600 psi, and feeds it through a methanol reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into methanol. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. Methanol is a clean burning gasoline substitute, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that was flared in North Dakota in 2014 could be converted into over 6 million tons of methanol. 1. A method for converting raw natural gas into methanol using air as a source of oxygen , comprising:a syngas generation step for generating syngas from the raw natural gas and the air in an air reforming unit, wherein the syngas comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen;a syngas compression step for compressing the syngas that comprises the carbon monoxide, the hydrogen, and the nitrogen;a methanol synthesis step for synthesizing methanol from the syngas over a catalyst bed; anda power generation step for using unreacted carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the syngas to generate power, wherein some of the power is used to power the syngas compression step, and wherein unreacted nitrogen is returned to atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:removing sulfur from the raw natural gas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the syngas generation step comprises reforming the raw natural gas and the air in a presence of a steam reforming catalyst.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein air enriched in oxygen is used to increase concentrations of the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen in the syngas.5. The method of claim ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE OF DIMETHYL ETHER (DME) FROM NATURAL GAS AND FLARE GAS FEEDSTOCK

Disclosed is a method that reforms flare gas or other raw natural gas source, using air without steam, to directly produce dimethyl ether (DME), a direct diesel substitute. The method first reforms an air-natural gas mixture at ambient atmospheric pressures, and then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to 100-2,000 psi, and feeds it through a combined reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into DME. The nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere. DME is an excellent diesel fuel, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based diesel fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring or other wasted natural gas. For example, the roughly 120 billion cubic feet per year that was flared in North Dakota in 2014 could be converted into over 3 million tons of DME using the disclosed method. 1. A method for converting a raw natural gas into dimethyl ether (DME) using air as a source of oxygen , comprising:generating syngas in an air reformer from a feedstock comprising the raw natural gas and the air, wherein the syngas comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen from the air;compressing the syngas that comprises the carbon monoxide, the hydrogen, and the nitrogen;synthesizing a DME mixture from the syngas in a single reaction chamber using a mixed catalyst bed; andpurifying the DME mixture to produce a purified DME stream, wherein essentially all carbon in the purified DME stream comes from the raw natural gas, and wherein unreacted nitrogen from the DME mixture is returned to atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:removing sulfur from the raw natural gas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed catalyst bed comprises a syngas-to-methanol synthesis catalyst and a methanol-to-DME dehydration catalyst.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the syngas-to-methanol synthesis catalyst is Cu—ZnO.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the methanol-to-DME dehydration catalyst is gamma alumina.6. The method ...

LOW STEAM/CARBON REVAMP OF A PLANT COMPRISING A STEAM REFORMING SECTION AND A WATER-GAS SHIFT SECTION

The present invention relates to a revamp method for increasing the front-end capacity of a plant comprising 1. Method for increasing the front-end capacity of a plant comprising a reforming section , wherein a feed is reformed in at least one reforming step to a reformed stream comprising CH , CO , CO , Hand HO ,a shift section wherein the reformed stream is shifted in a shift reaction in at least a high temperature shift step,said method comprising the steps ofin the High temperature shift step exchanging an original Fe-based catalyst with a non-Fe-based catalystincreasing the feed flow to the reforming section, andthe HTS step is carried out at a reduced steam/dry-gas ratio (S/DG) compared to an original S/DG in the original HTS step with the original Fe-based catalyst.2. Method according to wherein the feed comprises natural gas claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , rich gases claim 1 , LPG claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. Method according to wherein the plant is a Hor NHor synthesis gas for Hor NHproduction plant.4. Method according to wherein the original Fe-based catalyst comprises oxides of iron claim 1 , chromium and optionally copper.5. Method according to wherein the non-Fe-based catalyst comprises oxides or other compounds of Zn claim 1 , Al claim 1 , and alkali metal selected from the group of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb and Cs and optionally Cu.6. Method according to wherein the HTS step is carried out at a reduced S/DG ratio of below 0.9.7. Method according to wherein the feed flow is increased with at least 2%.8. Method according to wherein the S/DG ratio is reduced with 1-50% claim 1 , such as 5-25% claim 1 , such as 10-20% claim 1 , such as 12-17% with respect to the original S/DG ratio.9. Method according to wherein the steam addition upstream the HTS step is reduced compared to the original steam addition by 0.1-50%.10. Method according to wherein the pressure drop dP is increased compared to the original dP.11. Method according to wherein the ...

Method for preparing synthetic fuel from natural gas of stranded gas field and associated gas from oil & gas fields by gtl-fpso process

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel on a vessel above a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field by a GTL-FPSO process, more particularly to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel with superior economic feasibility, productivity and efficiency using a compact GTL (gas to liquid) apparatus that can be used for a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field and an FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) process under a condition optimized for the ratio of carbon dioxide in the stranded gas field or the oil & gas field and an apparatus for the same.

ZERO EMISSION NESTED-LOOP REFORMING FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Zero emission nested-loop (ZEN) reforming provides a scalable, eco-friendly process to produce high quality hydrogen at a relatively low operating cost. In one embodiment, a ZEN system comprises a reactor, a regenerator, and a photocatalytic reformer. During operation, the reactor receives a gas mixture and outputs hydrogen and catalyst adsorbed with carbon dioxide. The gas mixture is methane, steam, or hydrogen. Next, the regenerator receives the catalyst adsorbed with carbon dioxide and outputs carbon dioxide and desorbed catalyst. Next, the photocatalytic reformer receives carbon dioxide output by the regenerator and outputs methane and oxygen. The reactor receives at least some of the methane output by the photocatalytic reformer. By recycling methane in this way, the need for additional methane to fuel the system is reduced. The ZEN reforming system provides a novel technique to convert greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide into oxygen and reusable methane gas. 1. A system comprising:a reactor comprising an inlet and an outlet;a regenerator having an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet; anda photocatalytic reformer having at least one inlet and at least one outlet.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is configured to receive a gas mixture via the inlet claim 1 , and wherein the reactor is configured to output hydrogen and catalyst adsorbed with carbon dioxide via the outlet.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the gas mixture is selected from a group consisting of:methane, steam, and hydrogen.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the regenerator is configured to receive the catalyst adsorbed with carbon dioxide via the inlet claim 1 , wherein the regenerator is configured to output carbon dioxide via the first outlet and wherein the regenerator is configured to output desorbed catalyst via the second outlet.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic reformer is configured to receive carbon dioxide output by the regenerator via the at ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PRODUCING A CHAR SUPPORT NICKEL CATALYST FOR USE IN SYNGAS PRODUCTION

According to an embodiment there is provided a method of developing catalysts that are able to reduce the levels of tars in the syngas by reforming. One embodiment develops a co-catalyst, char supported nickel catalyst, for syngas conditioning. Biomass-derived char does not only serve as a support, but also plays a role in catalyzing the reactions. Biomass-derived char is a byproduct of biomass thermo-conversion process. In one variation, hydrazine was used to reduce supported Niinto Ni. Compared with the traditional method of reducing nickel with hydrogen flow, this reduction method increases nickel dispersion rate and reduces nickel particle size. 1. An activated carbon support catalyst , comprising:activated carbon derived from biochar impregnated with a transition metal.2. The method of wherein said transition metal is selected from a group consisting of nickel claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , copper claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , gold claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , and the platinum group metals.3. The method of wherein said transition metal is nickel.4. The method of wherein said nickel is a nickel precursor selected from the group consisting of nickel acetate claim 3 , reduced nickel acetate claim 3 , and nickel nitrate.5. A method of chemically preparing activated carbon from biochar claim 3 , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '4', '2', '3, 'mixing biochar with a chemical activation agent selected from the group consisting of ZnCl, KOH, HPO, NaOH, and KCO;'}drying said mixture;heating said mixture for a predetermined period of time to effect carbonization and activation without substantial carbon loss;substantially removing said chemical activation agent from said mixture to produce an activated carbon.6. The method of wherein said mixture is maintained in an inert environment during at least a portion of said predetermined period of time.7. The method of further including heating said mixture at a first ...

Reforming device and reforming method, and device for manufacturing chemical products equipped with reforming device and method for manufacturing chemical products

A reforming device according to the present invention has a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a desulfurization device, a reformer, a raw material gas branching line that extracts a compressed natural gas from a downstream side of the desulfurization device with respect to the flow direction of the natural gas and supplies the natural gas to the reformer, and a flue gas discharging line that discharges a flue gas generated in the reformer, wherein the first heat exchanger is provided in the flue gas discharging line, and the flue gas is used as a heating medium of the compressed natural gas.

Method for preparation of ammonia gas and co2 for a urea synthesis process

The invention relates to a process for preparing ammonia gas and CO 2 for urea synthesis. In the process of the invention, a process gas containing nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide as main components is produced from a metallurgical gas. The metallurgical gas consists of blast furnace gas, or contains blast furnace gas at least as a mixing component. The process gas is fractionated to give a gas stream containing the CO 2 component and a gas mixture consisting primarily of N 2 and H 2 . An ammonia gas suitable for the urea synthesis is produced from the gas mixture by means of ammonia synthesis. CO 2 is branched off from the CO 2 -containing gas stream in a purity and amount suitable for the urea synthesis.

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING NATURAL GAS USAGE IN STEAM METHANE REFORMERS

An improved hydrogen generation system and method for using the same are provided. The system includes an HDS unit configured to desulfurize hydrocarbons, a pre-reformer configured to convert heavy hydrocarbons within the process gas stream to methane, a reformer configured to produce a syngas stream and a flue gas, a PSA unit configured to produce a product hydrogen stream and a PSA off-gas stream, and means for cooling the flue gas against a combustion air and the PSA off-gas stream to a temperature below the dew point of sulfuric acid. 1. An improved hydrogen generation system comprising:one or more hydrodesulfurization (HDS) units configured to desulfurize a hydrocarbon gas stream to produce a process gas stream and a desulfurized fuel gas stream;a pre-reformer configured to receive the process gas stream and convert heavy hydrocarbons within the process gas stream to methane to produce a pre-reformed process gas, wherein the amount of methane within the pre-reformed process gas as compared to the process gas stream is increased;a reformer having a combustion zone and a reaction zone, wherein the combustion zone is in fluid communication with the HDS unit and configured to receive the desulfurized fuel gas stream originating from the HDS, wherein the reaction zone is in fluid communication with the pre-reformer and configured to receive the pre-reformed process gas originating from the pre-reformer, wherein the reformer is configured to produce a syngas stream within the reaction zone and a flue gas within the combustion zone;a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit configured to receive the syngas stream and produce a product hydrogen stream and a PSA off-gas stream; andmeans for cooling the flue gas against a combustion air and the PSA off-gas stream to a temperature below the dew point of sulfuric acid.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for cooling the flue gas comprises an air pre-heater configured to exchange heat between the flue gas and a ...

Maximizing steam methane reformer combustion efficiency by pre-heating pre-reformed fuel gas

An improved hydrogen generation system and method for using the same are provided. The system includes an HDS unit configured to remove sulfur, a first and second pre-reformers configured to pre-reform a process gas and fuel gas, respectively, a first and second heat exchangers configured to dry and heat the pre-reformed fuel gas, respectively, and a reformer configured to produce a syngas and flue gas. The method includes using a process stream selected from the group consisting of air, PSA off-gas, hydrocarbon gas, and combinations thereof to dry the fuel gas and using a process stream selected from the group consisting of the flue gas, the syngas, and combinations thereof to heat the dry fuel gas. The second pre-reformer is a low-pressure pre-reformer, so that the heat contents of the fuel gas is increased through converting heavy hydrocarbons in the fuel gas to CO and H 2 by the second pre-reformer.

POLYGENERATION PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FOR USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

Provided are processes for production of hydrogen to be used in various industrial processes, including in processes for production of ammonia and urea. Included are polygeneration processes that result in ultra-low emissions. 119-. (canceled)20. A method for the production of hydrogen , the method comprising the steps of:supplying a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous feedstock to a torrefaction or pyrolysis process to produce a synthesis gas, the synthesis gas comprising carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;supplying the synthesis gas to a first reactor, the first reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert at least a portion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and produce a modified synthesis gas;supplying the modified synthesis gas to a second reactor, the second reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert remaining carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas; andsupplying the carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas from the second reactor to a first condenser to remove water and produce a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide.2149. The method of claim , further comprising the step of:supplying the hydrogen and carbon dioxide stream to a pressure swing adsorption process to produce a pure hydrogen stream and pressure swing adsorption tail gas;2249. The method of claim , further comprising the step of:extracting exothermic heat for the production of power, heating and cooling of the process, or export of steam.23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the hydrocarbon or carbonaceous feedstock is selected from methane claim 20 , or digestate from biogas production.24. The method of claim 20 , further comprising the step of:supplying the pure hydrogen stream and nitrogen gas to a fourth reactor, the fourth reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to produce an ammonia product stream.25. The method of claim 20 , further comprising the step of:supplying the pure hydrogen stream ...

Fuel cell system and desulfurization system

One embodiment of the present invention is a unique fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique desulfurization system. Yet another embodiment is a method of operating a fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and desulfurization systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

UREA PROCESS WITH CONTROLLED EXCESS OF CO2 AND/OR NH3

A process for producing UREA, said process comprising the steps of:—purification of a hydrocarbon feed gas removing Sulphur and/or chloride components if present, —reforming the hydrocarbon feed gas in a reforming step where the steam/carbon ratio is less than 2.6 thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH4, CO, CO2, H2 and H2O, —optionally adding H2O to the synthesis gas from the reforming step maintaining an overall steam/carbon less than 2.6, —shifting the synthesis gas in a shift section comprising one or more shift steps preferably in series, —optionally washing the synthesis gas leaving the shift section with water, —removing CO2 from the synthesis gas from the shift section in a CO2 removal step to obtain a synthesis gas with less than 500 ppm CO2, preferably less than 20 ppm CO2 and a CO2 product gas, —removing residual H2O and/or CO2 from the synthesis gas preferably in an absorbent step, —removing CH4, CO, Ar and/or He preferably in a nitrogen wash unit and adding stoichiometric nitrogen to produce NH3 to the synthesis gas, —synthesizing NH3 to obtain a NH3 product, —adding at least part of the product CO2 and at least part of the NH3 product to a UREA synthesis step to make a UREA product, Wherein the amount of excess CO2 and/or NH3 is controlled by adjusting the steam/carbon in the reforming step and/or the H2O addition upstream the shift step and/or adjusting the inlet temperature to at least one of the one or more shift steps. 1. A process for producing urea , said process comprising the steps of:optionally purification of a hydrocarbon feed gas removing sulphur and/or chloride components if present,{'sub': 4', '2', '2', '2, 'reforming the hydrocarbon feed gas in a reforming step where the steam/carbon ratio is less than 2.6 thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH, CO, CO, Hand HO,'}{'sub': '2', 'optionally adding HO to the synthesis gas from the reforming step maintaining an overall steam/carbon ratio less than 2.6,'}shifting the ...

Methods, Systems, and Apparatuses for Use of Carbon Dioxide in a Fischer-Tropsch System

The present disclosure includes a method of producing a liquid FT hydrocarbon stream, an FT tail gas stream and an FT water stream using an FT reactor feed in an FT reactor under low temperature, high pressure FT operating conditions. The FT reactor feed includes syngas, the syngas having a low H:CO ratio in the range of approximately 1.4:1 to approximately 1.8:1, and carbon dioxide at a level of at least as high as about 10 volume percent. The FT reactor has a cobalt-based, alumina-supported FT catalyst. In embodiments, a syngas preparation unit is used to produce the syngas and carbon dioxide recovered from the FT tail gas is recycled to the syngas preparation unit. Other methods, systems and apparatuses are also disclosed. 1. A method of producing Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) hydrocarbons via FT synthesis in an FT reactor , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a) producing a liquid FT hydrocarbon stream, an FT tail gas stream and an FT water stream using an FT reactor feed in the FT reactor under low temperature, high pressure FT operating conditions, the FT reactor feed comprising a mixture of carbon dioxide and syngas, the syngas having a low H:CO ratio in the range of approximately 1.4:1 to approximately 1.8:1, and, the FT reactor feed having a level of carbon dioxide at least as high as about 10 volume % and the FT reactor having a cobalt-based, alumina-supported FT catalyst.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:b) sending a first portion of the FT tail gas stream to a carbon dioxide recovery unit;c) using the carbon dioxide recovery unit to recover a carbon dioxide stream from the first portion of the FT tail gas; andd) recycling the carbon dioxide stream upstream of the FT reactor.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream is recycled as a feed to the FT reactor.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least a first portion of the carbon dioxide stream is recycled upstream of a syngas preparation unit used to produce ...

Ignition method of fuel reformer using partial oxidation reaction of the fuel for sofc fuel cell start-up

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of starting a fuel reformer including a heating element and a subsequent autothermal reformer includes contacting a first fluid comprising oxygen with the heating element, passing the first fluid into the autothermal reformer to preheat a reformer catalyst within the autothermal reformer to a first temperature, reducing flow of the first fluid into the autothermal reformer, introducing a fuel into the autothermal reformer subsequent to preheating the reformer catalyst to initiate a partial oxidation reaction and generating additional heat, increasing flow of the fuel and first fluid to initiate autothermal reforming, and controlling the temperature of the reformer catalyst by supplying a cooling fluid, the first fluid, and the fuel and adjusting flow of each.

Method and system for producing a fuel from biogas

A method for providing a fuel includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which is filled in a mobile storage system. The partially purified biogas is transported to a centralized processing facility, in the mobile storage system, by truck, rail, or ship. At the centralized processing the partially purified biogas is further processed, either to produce a fuel that is renewable or has renewable content, or to produce renewable natural gas, which is used to produce the fuel that is renewable or has renewable content.

Method and System For Combined Hydrogen and Electricity Production Using Petroleum Fuels

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system including a steam reformer, a hydrogen purification system, a pre-reformer, and a solid oxide fuel cell. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system comprising: catalytic reactor tubes, where the catalytic reactor tubes are operable to receive steam and a hydrocarbon feed and are operable to convert hydrocarbons of the hydrocarbon feed into hydrogen to produce a reformer syngas, the reformer syngas comprising hydrogen; and', 'a combustion chamber, where the combustion chamber is thermally coupled to the catalytic reactor tubes, is operable to receive the hydrocarbon feed, an oxygen feed, and an anode exhaust gas, and is operable to produce a flue gas, the flue gas comprising carbon dioxide;, 'a steam reformer, the steam reformer comprisinga hydrogen purification system, where the hydrogen purification system is operable to receive the reformer syngas and is operable to produce a purified hydrogen gas and an off-gas stream, the off-gas stream comprising methane;a pre-reformer, where the pre-reformer is operable to receive the hydrocarbon feed and the anode exhaust gas and is operable to produce a pre-reformer syngas, the pre-reformer syngas comprising methane; and 'where the anode side inlet is fluidly coupled to the hydrogen purification system and the pre-reformer and is operable to receive an anode feed, the anode feed comprising a mixture of the off-gas stream and the pre-reformer syngas.', 'where the anode side is operable to produce the anode exhaust gas, the anode exhaust gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides, and comprises an anode side inlet,'}, 'a solid oxide fuel cell, where the solid oxide fuel cell is operable to electrochemically convert methane and water into hydrogen and carbon oxides to produce electrical power and where the solid oxide fuel cell comprises an anode side,'}2. The SOFC system of claim 1 , further comprising: 'where the electrolysis cell is operable to receive water, is electrically coupled to the ...

Catalyst Preparation Method

A method is described for preparing a catalyst comprising the steps of (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support. 1. A process for steam reforming a hydrocarbon , comprising contacting a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam with an eggshell catalyst comprising an outer eggshell layer of nickel oxide having a thickness of 1000 microns or less on the surface of a calcined , shaped calcium aluminate cement support.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the calcium aluminate support comprises calcium aluminate cement powder and at least one of alumina or lime.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the egg shell catalyst further comprises an alkali metal oxide.4. The process of claim 1 , the support is in the form of a shaped pellet or extrudate.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the support is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having between 1 and 12 holes extending there-through.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the support is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having between 1 and 12 holes extending there-through and between 2 and 20 flutes or lobes.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the support has 4 holes extending there-though and 4 lobes.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein nickel oxide content of the catalyst is in the range of from 2 wt % to 25% wt.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the nickel oxide is concentrated within the eggshell layer and not uniformly distributed within the calcined claim 1 , shaped calcium ...

Method of chemical looping reforming at low temperatures with hydrogen from water splitting

Chemical looping reform methods comprising heating an oxygen carrier in the presence of a catalyst and plasma radicals to react the oxygen carrier with a fuel to provide a reduced oxygen carrier; and contacting the reduced oxygen carrier with water or carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen or carbon monoxide, respectively, and regenerate the oxygen carrier. The chemical looping reform methods are carried out at low temperatures such as from 150° C. to 1000° C., preferably from 150° C. to 500° C. Catalyst used in the chemical looping reform methods include a sintered rare earth metal oxide oxygen carrier and perovskite. Methods of preparing the catalyst are also provided.

Power generation using hydrogen fuel with economical carbon dioxide capture

Systems and methods for generating power using hydrogen fuel, such as derived from natural gas, are provided. Feed materials are introduced into a compact hydrogen generator to produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas and steam. Sorbent material within the compact hydrogen generator acts to absorb carbon dioxide, forming a used sorbent. Hydrogen gas and steam are separated from the used sorbent and passed to a power generator such as a hydrogen turbine to produce power. The used sorbent is introduced into a calciner and heated to desorb carbon dioxide and form a regenerated sorbent which can be recycled to the compact hydrogen generator.

Catalyst Support, Recycle Reactor and Method for Releasing Hydrogen

A catalyst support may be provided that comprises: an inner core, which includes at least one phase change material; a coating layer around the inner core, which includes at least one metal oxide; a catalytically active layer, which is positioned in interstices of the coating layer and/or lying on the coating layer, wherein at least one catalytically active substance is included in the catalytically active layer; and a supporting layer which is positioned under the coating layer. A recycle reactor may be provided comprising a reservoir for accommodating a chemical hydrogen storage substance; the catalyst support; a screw conveyor for input and transport of the catalyst support; and a heating device with which the catalyst support can be heated. A method for releasing hydrogen from a chemical hydrogen storage substance may be provided. 1. A catalyst support , comprising:an inner core, which includes at least one phase change material;a coating layer around the inner core, which includes at least one metal oxide;a catalytically active layer, which is positioned in interstices of the coating layer and/or lying on the coating layer, wherein at least one catalytically active substance is included in the catalytically active layer; anda supporting layer which is positioned under the coating layer.2. The catalyst support as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the phase change material included in the inner core has a phase change temperature of less than about 500° C. claim 1 , or less than about 400° C. claim 1 , or less than about 350° C.3. The catalyst support as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inner core further has an electrically conducting inner structure.4. The catalyst support as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the electrically conducting inner structure includes at least one sponge and/or a mesh and/or particles claim 3 , which in each case are made of a metal or an alloy.5. The catalyst support as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the phase change material includes an ...

Fuel cell module

A fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack and FC peripheral equipment. The fuel cell module includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, a second area where a reformer and an evaporator are provided, and a third area where a heat exchanger is provided. A stress relaxing portion for relaxing heat stress is provided at least along a border between the first area and the second area, along a border between the second area and the third area, or along an outermost circumferential portion of the third area.

SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION

Natural gas liquefaction process in combination with a synthesis gas production process, where the steam derived from the synthesis gas production process is used as a heating source for the implementation of the pre-treatment step for eliminating the impurities liable to freeze during the natural gas liquefaction process. 18.-. (canceled)10. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the steam resulting from the process for the production of synthesis gas is employed to reheat the regeneration stream which has already passed through said adsorption system and to distance it from the dew point.11. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein claim 9 , during stage a′) claim 9 , all the sulfur-comprising derivatives present in the feed gas are converted into HS by catalysis in a reactor.12. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the product HS is extracted by catalysis.13. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the impurities liable to freeze during the liquefaction process which are removed during stage a) comprise the water claim 9 , the carbon dioxide and the sulfur-comprising derivatives present in the feed gas.14. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein claim 9 , during stage c) claim 9 , the stream of natural gas depleted in hydrocarbons having more than two carbon atoms resulting from stage b) is liquefied at a temperature of less than −140° C. by means of a unit for the liquefaction of natural gas comprising at least one main heat exchanger and a system for producing cold.15. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the natural gas feed stream employed in stage a) and the natural gas feed stream employed in stage a′) originate from one and the same natural gas feed stream.16. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the unit for the production of synthesis gas is a unit for the production of hydrogen by steam reforming having a hydrogen production capacity of at least 20 000 Sm/h. This application is a 371 of International PCT Application ...

Systems and methods related to olefin production

In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for producing lower molecular weight C1-C5 hydrocarbons and alcohols. Also disclosed herein, are systems utilized to produce low molecular weight C1-C5 hydrocarbons and alcohols.

HYDROGEN GENERATOR AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A hydrogen generator includes: a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove a sulfur compound in a raw material and including a tubular first wall; a reformer operative to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using the raw material supplied from the hydro-desulfurizer; a tubular second wall provided coaxially with the first wall so as to be opposed to the first wall; and an electric heater annularly provided in a gap between the first wall and the second wall so as to turn back in the axial direction of the first wall and including a portion extending in an axial direction of the first wall. 1. A hydrogen generator comprising:a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove a sulfur compound in a raw material and including a tubular first wall;a reformer operative to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using the raw material supplied from the hydro-desulfurizer;a tubular second wall provided coaxially with the first wall so as to be opposed to the first wall;an electric heater annularly provided in a gap between the first wall and the second wall so as to extend in an axial direction of the first wall and turn back in the axial direction of the first wall; anda reactor which needs to be heated, wherein:the second wall is a wall of the reactor;the electric heater includes a first portion contacting the first wall and a second portion contacting the second wall; andan intervening portion between the first portion and the second portion has elasticity.23-. (canceled)4. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , wherein the electric heater is configured such that a distance from a central axis of the first wall to the electric heater changes at an intervening portion between the first portion and the second portion.5. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , wherein the gap is formed such that the reactor is heated by radiation heat from the first portion.6. The hydrogen generator according to claim 4 , wherein the reactor is a shift converter provided at an outer ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WATER GAS SHIFT WITH REDUCED STEAM CONSUMPTION

A water gas shift reaction is carried out on a feed gas comprising carbon monoxide to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. The feed gas is split into multiple input streams flowed into respective reactors coupled in series. Steam is supplied to the input stream fed to the first reactor. The shift reaction is carried out in each reactor, with an overall reduced consumption of steam relative to the amount of gas shifted. The water gas shift reaction may be performed in conjunction with removing acid gas compounds from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A method for producing a water-gas shifted gas comprising COand H , the method comprising:splitting a flow of feed gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) into a plurality of feed gas streams comprising at least a first feed gas stream, a second feed gas stream, and a third feed gas stream;combining the first feed gas stream with a steam stream to produce a first input gas stream;flowing the first input gas stream into a first shift reactor containing a first shift catalyst;{'sub': 2', '2, 'reacting the CO with the steam in the presence of the first shift catalyst to produce a first product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H);'}combining the first product gas stream with the second feed gas stream to produce a second input gas stream heated by the first product gas stream;before combining the first product gas stream with the second feed gas stream, adding water as a spray to the first product gas stream to vaporize the water into steam, wherein the first product gas stream is cooled before being combined with the second feed gas stream;flowing the second input gas stream into a second shift reactor containing a second shift ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS

Methods and devices are provided for producing syngas with an adjustable molar CO/Hratio. Syngas can have different proportions of CO and H(molar CO/Hratio) depending on the type and composition of starting materials. To set the desired molar CO/Hratio, a first sub-process is combined with at least one additional sub-process selected from: a sub-process Tby which a second syngas B is generated from the starting material, the syngas having a molar ratio (V) of CO to H, wherein V≠V; a sub-process Tby which the hydrocarbon(s) of the hydrocarbon-containing starting material is/are split substantially into solid carbon and hydrogen; and a sub-process Tbased on the reaction equation: CO+HO→2CO+H. The methods and devices are suitable for producing syngas useful as a starting material in a plurality of chemical syntheses, for example oxo, Fischer-Tropsch, or Reppe syntheses. 135-. (canceled)36. A method for producing a synthesis gas product having a desired , adjustable molar CO/Hratio denoted by V from a hydrocarbon-containing starting material , the method comprising steps of:dividing the hydrocarbon-containing starting material into sub-streams,{'sub': 1', '2', '1, 'performing a first sub-process Tby which a first synthesis gas A is generated from a first sub-stream of the hydrocarbon-containing starting material, the first synthesis gas A having a molar ratio of CO to Hwhich is denoted by V,'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '2, 'wherein sub-process Tcomprises generating a second synthesis gas B from a second sub-stream of the hydrocarbon-containing starting material, the second synthesis gas B having a molar ratio of CO to Hdenoted by V, wherein V≠V, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'wherein sub-process Tcomprises breaking down hydrocarbon(s) of a further hydrocarbon-containing sub-stream substantially into solid carbon and hydrogen, and'}], 'performing at least one second sub-process selected from sub-process Tand sub-process T,'}{'sub': '2', 'bringing ...

Process for reforming hydrocarbons

The invention relates to the production of synthesis gas by means of particularly a series arrangement of heat exchange reforming and autothermal reforming stages, in which the heat required for the reforming reactions in the heat exchange reforming stage, is provided by hot effluent synthesis gas from the autothermal reforming stage. More particularly, the invention relates to optimisation of the operation and control of an arrangement of heat exchange reforming and autothermal reforming stages and introduction of an additional waste heat boiler.

Desulfurizer, hydrogen generation device, and fuel cell system

Provided is a desulfurizer for removing a sulfur compound contained in a fluid, comprising a desulfurization agent for removing the sulfur compound from the fluid and a housing which contains the desulfurization agent and the inside of which the fluid flows through. The desulfurization agent includes a metal organic framework. The metal organic framework has copper ions and organic ligands. The organic ligands include 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid.

DEVICE FOR REFORMING A VOC GAS

A device and method for producing a reformate fuel from a hydrocarbon gas source. The invention enables the conversion of a dilute hydrocarbon gas into a more easily consumable reformate fuel. Gases having low concentrations of hydrocarbons are concentrated using a concentrator into a gaseous or liquid concentrated VOC fuel. The concentrated VOC fuel is then converted into a reformate using a reformer. The reformate is more easily consumed by an energy conversion device such as a combustion engine, fuel cell, sterling engine or similar device that converts chemical energy into kinetic or electrical energy. The reformer enables complex hydrocarbon fuels that are not normally suitable for use in an energy conversion device to be converted into a reformate. The reformate may be directly supplied into the energy conversion device. 1. An energy producing device receiving a dilute VOC gas stream comprising:a concentrator that concentrates the VOC into concentrated VOC fuel;a sweep gas injector injecting sweep gas into the concentrator to remove the concentrated VOC fuel;a reformer converting said sweep gas and concentrated VOC fuel into reformate; andan energy conversion device consuming said reformate to produce energy.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said concentrator includes an adsorbent media adsorbing said dilute VOC gas stream.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein said concentrator comprises an adsorbing chamber where said dilute VOC gas stream is adsorbed on said adsorbent media and a desorbing chamber where said adsorbed VOC gas stream is desorbed.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein said adsorbent media is selected from the group comprising activated carbon claim 2 , zeolite claim 2 , synthetic resin and mixtures thereof.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said concentrator concentrates said concentrated VOC fuel to a concentration greater than 15 claim 1 ,000 ppm.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein said concentrator concentrates said concentrated VOC fuel to a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WATER GAS SHIFT WITH REDUCED STEAM CONSUMPTION

A water gas shift reaction is carried out on a feed gas comprising carbon monoxide to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. The feed gas is split into multiple input streams flowed into respective reactors coupled in series. Steam is supplied to the input stream fed to the first reactor. The shift reaction is carried out in each reactor, with an overall reduced consumption of steam relative to the amount of gas shifted. The water gas shift reaction may be performed in conjunction with removing acid gas compounds from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A method for removing acid gases from a gas stream , the method comprising:flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of a sulfur compound from the feed gas, wherein the desulfurization unit produces a desulfurized feed gas;{'sub': 2', '2, 'flowing the desulfurized feed gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized feed gas; and'}before or after desulfurizing the feed gas, subjecting the feed gas to a water-gas shift reaction by:splitting a flow of feed gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) into a plurality of feed gas streams comprising at least a first feed gas stream, a second feed gas stream, and a third feed gas stream;combining the first feed gas stream with a steam stream to produce a first input gas stream;flowing the first input gas stream into a first shift reactor containing a first shift catalyst;{'sub': 2', '2, 'reacting the CO with the steam in the presence of the first shift catalyst to produce a first product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H);'}combining the first product gas stream with the second feed gas stream to produce a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FUEL DESULFURIZATION

A method of fuel desulfurization comprises receiving fuel from a source of fuel in a gaseous phase and condensing the fuel in the gaseous phase in a fuel condenser to convert at least a portion of the fuel into a liquid phase. The method further comprises delivering the fuel in the liquid phase directly to a reformer and returning the uncondensed portion of the fuel in the gaseous phase to the source of fuel to inert the source of fuel. 1. A method of fuel desulfurization , comprising:receiving fuel from a source of fuel in a gaseous phase;condensing the fuel in the gaseous phase in a fuel condenser to convert at least a portion of the fuel into a liquid phase;delivering the fuel in the liquid phase directly to a reformer; andreturning the uncondensed portion of the fuel in the gaseous phase to the source of fuel to inert the source of fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving fuel from the source of fuel in the gaseous phase further comprises:receiving a source of input; andgenerating, by a processor, one or more control signals for a blower fluidly coupled between the source of fuel and the fuel condenser to operate the blower based on the input.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving a cooling fluid from a source of cooling media at the fuel condenser.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:receiving a source of input; andgenerating, by a processor, one or more control signals for a cooling valve fluidly coupled between the source of cooling media and the fuel condenser to open the cooling valve based on the input.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:drawing the fuel in the gaseous phase from the source of fuel by a blower in communication with the source of fuel, and directing, by the blower, the fuel in the gaseous phase to the fuel condenser.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving the fuel in the liquid phase by a fuel collector, and directing, by the fuel collector, the fuel in the liquid phase to the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FUEL DESULFURIZATION

Systems and methods are provided for a fuel cell including a fuel desulfurization system. The method includes receiving fuel from a fuel source in a first phase and depressurizing the fuel in the first phase in a vacuum system to convert at least a portion of the fuel into a second phase. The method further includes reforming the portion of the fuel in the second phase to create a hydrogen enriched fuel in the second phase, and delivering the hydrogen enriched fuel in the second phase to a fuel cell stack. 1. A method of fuel desulfurization , comprising:receiving fuel from a fuel source in a first phase;depressurizing the fuel in the first phase in a vacuum system to convert at least a portion of the fuel into a second phase;reforming the portion of the fuel in the second phase to create a hydrogen enriched fuel in the second phase; anddelivering the hydrogen enriched fuel in the second phase to a fuel cell stack.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the fuel from the fuel source in the first phase further comprises:receiving the fuel from the fuel source in a liquid phase.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein depressurizing the fuel in the first phase in the vacuum system further comprises:depressurizing the received fuel in a tank coupled to a source of a vacuum, the tank in fluid communication with the fuel source and the source of vacuum applying a negative pressure to the tank to depressurize the fuel.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein depressurizing the received fuel in the tank coupled to the source of the vacuum further comprises:controlling, by a processor, a motor of a vacuum blower coupled to the tank.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:observing, by a sensor, a condition of the tank and generating sensor data based on the observed condition,wherein the controlling, by the processor, the motor of the vacuum blower is based on the sensor data.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:returning a portion of the fuel in the first phase ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING ACID GAS FROM A GAS STREAM

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A gas processing system , comprising: the adsorber unit is configured to flow a feed gas into contact with a flowing sorbent stream comprising a solid particulate sorbent to remove one or more sulfur compounds from the feed gas, and output a desulfurized gas and a sulfided sorbent; and', 'the regenerator unit is configured to produce a regenerated sorbent from the sulfided sorbent, and flow the regenerated sorbent into the adsorber unit; and, 'a desulfurization unit comprising an adsorber unit in fluid communication with a regenerator unit, wherein{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a COremoval unit positioned downstream from the desulfurization unit, and configured to remove COfrom the desulfurized gas and output a treated gas comprising reduced fractions of sulfur and CO.'}2. The gas processing system of claim 1 , wherein the desulfurization unit is configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent.3. The gas processing system of claim 2 , wherein the adsorber unit comprises a solids separation zone configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent claim 2 , and the adsorber unit is configured to output the desulfurized gas separately from the sulfide sorbent.4. The gas processing system of claim 2 , comprising a solids separator selected from the group consisting of:a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent;a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent, wherein the solids separator is a cyclone separator;a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent, wherein the ...

Process For The Production Of Formaldehyde

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis. 1. A process for producing formaldehyde , comprising:(a) oxidizing methanol with air in a formaldehyde production unit, thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; and(b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the formaldehyde vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) a synthesis gas generation unit, (ii) a carbon dioxide removal unit, (iii) a methanol synthesis unit or (iv) a urea synthesis unit.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the formaldehyde production unit comprises an oxidation reactor containing a bed of oxidation catalyst and the process is operated with recycle of unreacted gases from a separation unit to the reactor inlet.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the formaldehyde vent gas is used in said unit process after one or more stages of vent gas treatment in a vent-gas treatment unit.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the vent gas treatment unit comprises an emission control system comprising a catalytic combustor to convert the vent stream into carbon dioxide claim 3 , nitrogen and steam.5. The process of claim 1 , comprising recycling the formaldehyde vent gas to the methanol synthesis unit.6. The process of claim 1 , comprising recycling the formaldehyde vent gas to a carbon dioxide removal unit for removing carbon dioxide from a synthesis ...

AMMONIA PROCESS USING ADVANCED SHIFT PROCESS

A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas, said process comprising the steps of: —Reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH, CO, CO, Hand HO, —Shifting the synthesis gas in one in or more shift steps in series, —Optionally wash the synthesis gas leaving the shift section with water, —Sending the process condensate originating from cooling and washing the synthesis gas leaving the shift section to a process condensate stripper wherein the dissolved shift byproducts and dissolved gases are stripped out of the process condensate using steam resulting in a steam stream containing more than 99% of the dissolved methanol in process condensate. —Adding all or part of said steam stream from the process condensate stripper to the synthesis gas downstream the reforming step, prior to the last shift step, wherein —The steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step and the shift step is less than 2.6. 1. A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas , said process comprising the steps of:{'sub': 4', '2', '2', '2, 'reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming section thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH, CO, CO, Hand HO;'}shifting the synthesis gas in a shift section comprising one or more shift steps in series;optionally wash the synthesis gas leaving the shift section with water;sending a process condensate originating from cooling and washing the synthesis gas leaving the shift section to a process condensate stripper, wherein dissolved shift byproducts and dissolved gases are stripped out of the process condensate using steam resulting in a steam stream;adding at least part of said steam stream from the process condensate stripper to the synthesis gas downstream the reforming section, upstream the last shift step, whereinthe steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step and the shift steps is less than 2.6.2. Process according to wherein the one and more shift steps are one or more high temperature (HT) shift ...

Optimized FT synthesis by reforming and recycling tail gas from FT synthesis

Det blir beskrevet en fremgangsmåte for omdanning av naturgass eller andre fossile brensler til høyere hydrokarboner, omfattende de følgende trinn: a) reagere naturgass med damp og oksygeninneholdende gass i minst en reformeringssone for å produsere en syntesegass som hovedsakelig består av Hog CO i tillegg til noe CO; b) lede nevnte syntesegass til en Fischer-Tropsch-reaktor for å produsere en rå syntesestrøm bestående av lettere hydrokarboner, tyngre hydrokarboner, vann samt uomsatt syntesegass; c) . separere nevnte rå syntesestrøm i en gjennvinningssone, i en råproduktststrøm hovedsakelig inneholdende tyngre hydrokarboner, en vannstrøm og en tail-gass-strøm hovedsakelig inneholdende de øvrige bestanddelene;som er kjennetegnet ved at fremgangsmåten også omfatter de følgende trinn; d) dampreformere minst en del av tail-gassen i en separat dampreformer; e) lede den reformerte tail-gassen inn i gass-strømmen før denne ledes inn i Fischer-Tropsch-reaktoren. A process for converting natural gas or other fossil fuels to higher hydrocarbons is described, comprising the following steps: a) reacting natural gas with steam and oxygen-containing gas in at least one reforming zone to produce a synthesis gas consisting mainly of Hog CO in addition to some CO; b) passing said synthesis gas to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce a crude synthesis stream consisting of lighter hydrocarbons, heavier hydrocarbons, water and unreacted synthesis gas; c). separating said crude synthesis stream in a recovery zone, in a crude product stream mainly containing heavier hydrocarbons, a water stream and a tail gas stream mainly containing the other constituents, which is characterized in that the process also comprises the following steps; d) steam reformers at least a part of the tail gas in a separate steam reformer; e) passing the reformed tail gas into the gas stream before passing it into the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Optimum integration of fischer-tropsch synthesis and syngas production

A method is described for conversion of natural gas or other fossil fuels to higher hydrocarbons, comprising the following steps: a) reaction of natural gas with steam and oxygenic gas in at least one reforming zone in order to produce a synthesis gas consisting primarily of H2 and CO, in addition to some CO2; b) passing said synthesis gas to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor in order to produce a crude synthesis stream consisting of lower hydrocarbons, water and non-converted synthesis gas; c) separation of said crude synthesis stream in a recovery zone, into a crude product stream mainly containing heavier hydrocarbons, a water stream and a tail gas stream mainly containing the remaining constituents; which is characterised in that the method also comprises the following steps; d) steam reformation of at least part of the tail gas in a separate steam reformer; e) introduction of the reformed tail gas into the gas stream before this is led into the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Method of direct synthesis of light hydrocarbons from natural gas

The present invention relates to a method of direct synthesis of light hydrocarbons from natural gas and carbon dioxide capable of improving production yield of light hydrocarbons and carbon utilization efficiency through a series of process of preparing synthesis gas with a predetermined molar ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by a combined steam reforming of natural gas and carbon dioxide reforming of methane, performing Fischer-Tropsch reaction of the prepared synthesis gas in the presence of a specific catalyst, and recycling the byproducts of methane and carbon dioxide as the source material of the combined reforming.

Method of direct synthesis of light hydrocarbons from natural gas

The present invention relates to a method of direct synthesis of light hydrocarbons from natural gas and carbon dioxide capable of improving production yield of light hydrocarbons and carbon utilization efficiency through a series of process of preparing synthesis gas with a predetermined molar ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by a combined steam reforming of natural gas and carbon dioxide reforming of methane, performing Fischer-Tropsch reaction of the prepared synthesis gas in the presence of a specific catalyst, and recycling the byproducts of methane and carbon dioxide as the source material of the combined reforming.

Method of direct synthesis of light hydrocarbons from natural gas

Optimized FT synthesis by reforming and recycling tail gas from FT synthesis

process for the conversion of natural gas or other fossil fuels to higher hydrocarbons.

费－托合成与合成气生产的最佳整合

本发明公开了将天然气或其它矿物燃料转化为高级烃的方法，包括以下步骤：a)在至少一个重整区中使天然气与蒸汽和含氧气体反应，以制备主要由H 2 和CO以及一些CO 2 组成的合成气；b)将所述合成气引入费-托反应器，以制备由低级烃、水和未转化的合成气组成的粗合成物流；c)在回收区中将所述粗合成物流分离为主要含有高级烃的粗产物流、水物流和主要含有残余组分的尾气物流；其特征在于该方法还包括以下步骤：d)在独立的蒸汽重整器中将至少部分尾气蒸汽重整；e)在将重整后的尾气引入费-托反应器之前，将其加入气体物流中。

Method for natural gas conversion to high hydrocarbons

FIELD: hydrocarbon manufacturing. SUBSTANCE: natural gas is brought into reaction with vapor and oxygen-containing gas in at least one reforming zone to produce syngas mainly containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and some amount of carbon dioxide. Said gas is fed in Fisher-Tropsh synthesis reactor to obtain crude synthesis stream containing low hydrocarbons, high hydrocarbons, water, and unconverted syngas. Then said crude synthesis stream is separated in drawing zone onto crude product stream containing as main component high hydrocarbons, water stream, and exhaust gas stream, comprising mainly remained components. Further at least part of exhaust gas stream is vapor reformed in separated vapor reforming apparatus, and reformed exhaust gas is charged into gas stream before its introducing in Fisher-Tropsh synthesis reactor. EFFECT: increased hydrocarbon yield with slight releasing of carbon dioxide. 7 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl, 5 ex ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) (13) 2 247 701 C2 C 07 C 1/04, C 10 G 2/00 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2002118218/04, 01.12.2000 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 01.12.2000 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 09.12.1999 NO 19996091 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 10.01.2004 (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 10.03.2005 Áþë. ¹ 7 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(ëè): ÑÒÀÒÎÈË ÀÑÀ È ýíä Ê ÈÐ ÏÀÒ (NO) (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 09.07.2002 (86) Çà âêà PCT: NO 00/00404 (01.12.2000) 2 2 4 7 7 0 1 R U Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 103735, Ìîñêâà, óë. Èëüèíêà, 5/2, ÎÎÎ "Ñîþçïàòåíò", Í.Í.Âûñîöêîé C 2 C 2 (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 01/42175 (14.06.2001) (54) ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÃÀÇÀ  ÂÛÑØÈÅ ÓÃËÅÂÎÄÎÐÎÄÛ (57) Ðåôåðàò: îòõîä ùèõ ãàçîâ â îòäåëüíîì àïïàðàòå ïàðîâîãî Èñïîëüçîâàíèå: ïîëó÷åíèå óãëåâîäîðîäîâ. ðèôîðìèíãà è ââîä ò îòõîä ùèé ãàç, ïîäâåðãíóòûé Ñóùíîñòü: ïðîâîä ò âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ïðèðîäíîãî ðèôîðìèíãó, â ãàçîâûé ïîòîê äî åãî ïîäà÷è â ãàçà ñ ïàðîì è ...

Optimum integration of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and syngas production

A method is described for conversion of natural gas or other fossil fuels to higher hydrocarbons, comprising the following steps: a) reaction of natural gas with steam and oxygenic gas in at least one reforming zone in order to produce a synthesis gas consisting primarily of hydrogen and CO, in addition to some carbon dioxide; b) passing said synthesis gas to a Fisher-Tropsch reactor in order to produce a crude synthesis stream consisting of lower hydrocarbons, water and non-converted synthesis gas; c) separation of said crude synthesis stream in a recovery zone, into a crude product stream mainly containing heavier hydrocarbons, a water stream and a tail gas stream mainly containing the remaining constituents; which is charaterized in that the method also comprises the following steps; d) stream reformation of at least part of the tail gas in a separate steam reformer; e) introduction of the reformed tail gas into the gas stream before this is led into the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.