Способ получения двойного ортофосфата лития и переходного металла

Изобретение относится к литий-ионным аккумуляторам и может быть использовано для получения катодного электродного материала для литий-ионных батарей, используемых в качестве накопителей энергии для портативных электронных устройств, альтернативной энергетики, двигателей автомобилей, силовых машин. Предложен способ получения двойного ортофосфата лития и переходного металла, включающий приготовление прекурсора фосфата переходного металла в виде аммоний фосфата кобальта или никеля, либо гидрофосфата кобальта CoHPO4⋅2H2O или гидрофосфата никеля NiHPO4⋅2H2O в реакционной среде с использованием расплава нитрата лития с добавлением углерода технического в виде ацетиленовой сажи или моногидрата лимонной кислоты в количестве 1-10 мас. % от массы прекурсора для создания внешнего проводящего слоя получаемого нанокомпозита. Способ позволяет снизить энергоемкость процесса и длительность за счет снижения длительности синтеза и сушки и обеспечивает получение монодисперсного нанокомпозита узкого гранулометрического ...

Способ получения двойных катионзамещенных трикальцийфосфатов

Изобретение относится к медицинскому материаловедению, а именно к способу получения двойных катионзамещенных трикальцийфосфатов, которые могут быть использованы в производстве исходного биосовместимого материала, пригодного для изготовления плотной и пористой керамики. Предложенный способ включает механохимическую активацию оксида кальция и двухзамещенного фосфата аммония при рН 7,0 с использованием планетарной мельницы с последующей термической обработкой, при этом после смешивания оксида кальция и двухзамещенного фосфата аммония в реактор добавляют рассчитанное количество растворов солей нитратов следующих элементов: стронция и меди, при следующем соотношении реагентов, мас. %: оксид кальция – 26,8, двухзамещенный фосфат аммония – 50,6, соль стронция – 10,2, соль меди – до 100%, после чего проводят активацию при скорости оборотов планетарной мельницы 1000 мин-1 в течение 20 минут. При этом образующийся после термической обработки при температуре 1100°С порошок характеризуется однородным ...

Способ получения катодного материала состава Li3V2(PO4)3

Изобретение может быть использовано в производстве литий-ионных аккумуляторов. Способ получения катодного материала состава Li3V2(PO4)3 включает гидротермальную обработку исходной водной смеси карбоната лития, дигидрофосфата аммония и формиата ванадила состава VO(HCOO)2⋅H2O, взятых в стехиометрическом соотношении. Гидротермальную обработку осуществляют при температуре 180-200°С в течение 8-10 ч. Полученный продукт сушат в атмосфере аргона или гелия до получения постоянного веса и отжигают в атмосфере аргона или гелия при температуре 700-750°C в течение 4-5 ч. Изобретение позволяет получить чистый катодный материал состава Li3V2(PO4)3 в нанодисперсном состоянии. 2 ил., 2 пр.

СИНТЕЗ НАНОЧАСТИЦ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ВАНАДАТ МЕТАЛЛА (III)

... 1. Способ получения наночастиц с диаметром менее 30 нм, содержащих ванадат металла(III), причем указанный способ включает в себя реакцию в реакционной среде реакционноспособного источника ванадата, растворимого или диспергируемого в реакционной среде, и реакционно-способной соли металла(III), растворимой или диспергируемой в реакционной среде, при нагревании, отличающийся тем, что реакционная среда содержит воду и по меньшей мере один полиол при объемном соотношении от 20/80 до 90/10. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором наночастицы, содержащие ванадат металла(III), представляют собой необязательно допированные наночастицы ванадата металла(III). 3. Способ по п.1, в котором наночастицы, содержащие ванадат металла(III), представляют собой необязательно допированные наночастицы смешанных кристаллов ванадата/фосфата металла (III), а реакционная среда дополнительно содержит реакционно-способный источник фосфата, растворимый или диспергируемый в реакционной среде. 4. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, причем ...

Способ получения однозамещенного фосфата-марганца-железа

Изобретение относится к технологии получения фосфатов металлов, в частности фосфата-марганца-железа, используемого для фосфатирования металлических поверхностей с целью предохранения метала от коррозии. Цель изобретения - упрощение и интенсификация процесса за счет сокращения чисел стадий, повышение качества за счет снижения содержания балластных примесей. Марганцевую руду восстанавливают соляной кислотой, взятой о количестве 100-120% от стехиометрии, затем проводят разложение фосфорной кислотой в присутствии железных опилок, отделяют нерастворимый остаток, раствор выпаривают, кристаллизуют и выделяют готовый продукт. Фосфорную кислоту подают на разложение одновременно с соляной кислотой и процесс ведут при 80-95°С. Концентрация соляной кислоты 10-36,5% 1 табл. СО с ...

Positives aktives Material für sekundäre Batterie mit nichtwässrigen Elektrolyten

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES PRODUKTS AUF BASIS VON PHOSPHATEN VON THORIUM UND/ODER AKTINID(EN)

Recovering lithium salts from salt solutions, comprises immersing a lithium-intercalating positive electrode and an anion capturing electrode in a lithium-containing salt solution, and replacing the salt solution by a recovery solution

Recovering lithium salts from salt solutions comprises: (A) immersing a lithium-intercalating positive electrode and an anion capturing electrode (negative electrode) in a lithium-containing salt solution, and adjusting a constant negative current to the positive electrode, where the lithium ion (Li +>) and anions of the lithium-containing salt solution are trapped in the electrode; (B) replacing the salt solution by a recovery solution; (C) reversing the direction of current relative to the step (A); and (D) replacing the recovery solution by fresh saline. Recovering lithium salts from salt solutions comprises: (A) immersing a lithium-intercalating positive electrode and an anion capturing electrode (negative electrode) in a lithium-containing salt solution, and adjusting a constant negative current to the positive electrode, where the lithium ion (Li +>) and anions of the lithium-containing salt solution are trapped in the electrode; (B) replacing the salt solution by a recovery solution ...

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON CITRATLOESLICHEM PHOSPHAT

HARDENER FOR WATER-GLASS PUTTY

ANORGANISCHE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG, VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG UND IHRER VERWENDUNG

Zinc sodium and zinc potassium phosphates

Water soluble or insoluble zinc compounds are reacted with a stoichiometric amount of phosphoric acid and alkali hydroxide in an excess of 0.5-0.9 mol. The products are used as trace element providers for plants, people and animals.

Eisen(III)orthophosphat für Li-Ionen-Akkumulatoren

Eisen(III)orthophosphat der allgemeinen Formel FePO4 x nH2O (n <= 2,5), hergestellt durch ein Verfahren, bei dem man Eisen(II)-, Eisen(III)- oder gemischte Eisen(II,III)-Verbindungen, ausgewählt unter Hydroxiden, Oxiden, Oxidhydroxiden, Oxidhydraten, Carbonaten und Hydroxidcarbonaten, mit Phosphorsäure mit einer Konzentration im Bereich von 5% bis 50% umsetzt, nach der Umsetzung gegebenenfalls vorhandenes Eisen(II) durch Zugabe eines Oxidationsmittels in Eisen(III) überführt und festes Eisen(III)orthophosphat aus dem Reaktionsgemisch abtrennt.

Improvements in the purification of complex compounds containing phosphorus and tungsten

Crude liquors containing phosphotungstates, such as mother liquors obtained in the production or use of the compounds 3Na2O.P2O5.24WO3, 3Na2O.P2O5.16WO3, are acidified for instance with hydrochloric acid and treated with an aromatic amine, such as aniline, monoethyl- or methyl-aniline, dimethyl- or ethyl-aniline, o-toluidine, or monoethyl-o-toluidine. The precipitated phosphotungstate-amine complex, which is free from other salts, is separated, treated with an alkali such as caustic soda, and steam distilled to remove the amine and leave a purified phosphotungstate solution. A statement of the art refers to treatment of the crude liquors with lime to precipitate calcium phosphotungstate, with hydrochloric acid to precipitate an oxide of tungsten, or by evaporation to dryness.ALSO:Amino-phosphotungstate complexes are precipitated from crude liquors containing phosphotungstates by treating the acidified liquors with an aromatic amine such as aniline, monoethyl- or methyl-aniline, dimethyl ...

Lithium metal phosphate, its preparation and use

Defluorinated calcium phosphate

Calcium phosphate for use in animal feedstuffs having the following characteristics: total P 15 to 21% by weight F < 0.2% Ca >/= 25% Na 6 - 10% As < 10 ppm crystalline Na3Ca6(PO4)5 > 70% crystalline apatite < 1% crystalline beta -Ca3(PO4)5 < 5% citric solubility > 90%, is made by (a) adding H3PO4 to phosphate ore and after at least 5 minutes, adding Na compound and recycled fines from (c) with ratios controlled to give CaO:Na2O:P2O5 molar ratio in product of 7.6 - 3.6: 1 : 2.9 - 1.5. (b) granulating while drying at above 100 DEG C with hot gases from (d); (c) grading granules to 0.5 - 5mm with recycle of fines to (a); (d) calcining selected granules at 1100-1300 DEG C using hot air from (e) to support combustion and (e) tempering in air at less than 800 DEG C for less than 2 minutes.

Natural calcium défluoré for animal feeds phosphates.

COLLOIDAL DISPERSION OF PARTICLES OF A RARE THE VANADATE OR - PHOSPHOVANADATS

HYDROTHERMALES PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIFEPO4-PULVER

THE NEW GREENS LANTHAN TERBIUM AND CERIUMPHOSPHAT OF MIXTURE PHOSPHORS, FORERUNNERS OF IT AND PROCEDURES FOR THE PRODUCTION.

HIGH POWER ELECTRODE MATERIALS

An LFP electrode material is provided which has improved impedance, power during cold cranking, rate capacity retention, charge transfer resistance over the current LFP based cathode materials. The electrode material comprises crystalline primary particles and secondary particles, where the primary particle is formed from a plate-shaped single phase spheniscidite precursor and a lithium source. The LFP includes an LFP phase behavior where the LFP phase behavior includes an extended solid-solution range.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SUBSTANTIALLY CRYSTALLINE CALCIUM SODIUM METAPHOSPHATE

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CRYSTALLINE CALCIUM SODIUM METAPHOSPHATE

Aluminum phosphate, polyphosphate and metaphosphate particles and their use as pigments in paints and method of making same

Method for producing composite lithium iron phosphate material and composite lithium iron phosphate material produced thereby

High power electrode materials

An LFP electrode material is provided which has improved impedance, power during cold cranking, rate capacity retention, charge transfer resistance over the current LFP based cathode materials. The electrode material comprises crystalline primary particles and secondary particles, where the primary particle is formed from a plate-shaped single-phase spheniscidite precursor and a lithium source. The LFP includes an LFP phase behavior where the LFP phase behavior includes an extended solid-solution range.

ELECTRODE MATERIAL WITH ENHANCED IONIC TRANSPORT PROPERTIES

LITHIUM TRANSITION-METAL PHOSPHATE POWDER FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

The invention concerns the manufacture and use of phosphates of transition metals as positive electrodes for secondary lithium batteries and discloses a process for the production of LiMPO4 with controlled size and morphology, M being FexCoyNizMnw, with O <= x <= l, 0 <= y <= 1, O <= w <= l and x + y + z + w = l. A process is disclosed for the manufacture of LiFePO4, comprising the steps of - providing an equimolar aqueous solution of Li1+ , Fe3+ and PO43-, - evaporating the water from the solution, thereby producing a solid mixture, - decomposing the solid mixture at a temperature below 500 ~C to form a pure homogeneous Li and Fe phosphate precursor, and - annealing the precursor at a temperature of less than 800 ~C in a reducing atmosphere, thereby forming a LiFePO4 powder. The obtained powders have a particle size of less than 1 .mu.m, and provide superior electrochemical performances once mixed for an appropriate time with electrical conductive powder.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTROACTIVE INSERTION COMPOUNDS AND ELECTRODE MATERIALS OBTAINED THEREFROM

The invention relates to a process for preparing an at least partially lithiated transition metal oxyanion-based lithium-ion reversible electrode material, which comprises providing a precursor of said lithium-ion reversible electrode material, heating said precursor, melting same at a temperature sufficient to produce a melt comprising an oxyanion containing liquid phase, cooling said melt under conditions to induce solidification thereof and obtain a solid electrode that is capable of reversible lithium ion deinsertion/insertion cycles for use in a lithium battery. The invention also relates to lithiated or partially lithiated oxyanion-based-lithium-ion reversible electrode materials obtained by the aforesaid process.

CATHODE MATERIAL FOR SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE MATERIAL FOR SECONDARY BATTERY

... ²²²A positive electrode material is disclosed which contains an iron lithium ²phosphate as a positive electrode active material and has a large ²charge/discharge capacity, high-rate adaptability, and good charge/discharge ²cycle characteristics at the same time. Also disclosed are a simple method for ²producing such a positive electrode material and a high-performance secondary ²battery employing such a positive electrode material. Specifically, disclosed ²is a positive electrode material for secondary battery characterized by mainly ²containing a positive electrode active material represented by the general ²formula: LinFePO4 (wherein n is a number of 0-1) and further containing at ²least one different metal element selected from the group consisting of ²vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), indium (In) and tin (Sn). ²This positive electrode material can be produced using a halide of such a ²metal element as the raw material.² ...

BINARY, TERNARY AND QUATERNARY LITHIUM PHOSPHATES, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE OF THE SAME

The invention relates to binary, ternary and quaternary lithium phosphates of general formula Li(FexMlyM2Z)PO4 wherein Ml represents at least one element of the group comprising Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zr and La; M2 represents at least one element of the group comprising Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zr and La; x = between 0.5 and 1, y = between 0 and 0.5, and z = between 0 and 0.5, provided that x + y + z = 1, or x = 0, y = 1, and z = 0. Said lithium phosphates can be obtained according to a method whereby precursor compounds of elements Li, Fe, M1 and/or M2 are precipitated from aqueous solutions and the precipitation product is dried in an inert gas atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere at a temperature which is between room temperature and approximately 200 ~C, and tempered at a temperature of between 300 ~C and 1000 ~C. The inventive lithium phosphates have a very high capacity when used as cathode material in lithium accumulators ...

SYNTHESIS PROCESS FOR REDOX MATERIALS COATED WITH SIZE-CONTROLLED CARBON

Procédé de synthèse de composés de formule C-Li¿x?M¿1-y?M'¿y?(XO¿4?)¿n?, où C- représente du C ponté au composé Li¿x?M¿1-y?M'¿y?(XO¿4?)¿n?, dans laquelle x, y et n sont des nombres tels que 0 <= x <= 2, 0 <= y <= 0,6, et 1 <= n <= 1,5, M est un métal de transition ou un mélange de métaux de transition de la première ligne du tableau périodique, M' est un élément de valence fixe choisi parmi Mg?2+¿, Ca?2+¿, Al?3+¿, Zn?2+¿ ou une combinaison de ces mêmes éléments et X est choisi parmi S, P et Si, par mise en équilibre dans les proportions requises d'un mélange de précurseurs, la synthèse se faisant par réaction et mise en équilibre du mélange dans les proportions requises des précurseurs, avec une atmosphère gazeuse, le procédé comportant au moins une étape de pyrolyse du composé source de carbone de manière à obtenir un composé dont la conductivité électronique, mesurée sur un échantillon de poudre compactée, à une pression de 3750 Kg.cm?-2¿, est supérieure à 10?-8¿ S.cm?-1¿. Les matériaux ...

PREPARATION OF LITHIUM-CONTAINING MATERIALS

The invention provides novel lithium-mixed metal materials which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions and a method of making such materials. The disclosed method comprises a method of making a lithium mixed metal compound by reaction of starting material which comprises mixing starting materials in particle form with a volatile solvent or binder to form a wet mixture. The starting materials comprise at least one metal containing compound, a lithium compound having a melting point greater than 450.degree.C, and carbon, where said carbon is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the oxidation state of at least one metal ion of said starting materials without full reduction to an elemental state. The method comprises heating said wet mixture in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to form a reaction product which comprises lithium and said reduced metal ion.

ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL COMPRISING A TRANSITION METAL COMPLEX IN AMORPHOUS FORM

Electrode active material of the invention is mainly an amorphous transition metal complex represented by AxMPyOz (where x and y are values which independently satisfy 0 <= x <= 2 and 0 <= y <=2, respectively, and z = (x + 5y + valence of M) / 2 to satisfy stoichiometry; also, A is an alkali metal and M is a metal element selected from transition metals), and has a peak near 220 cm-1 in Raman spectroscopy. Applying the electrode active material of the invention to a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery increases the capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION CELL

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium vanadium phosphate material comprising mixing water, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, V2O3 and a source of carbon to produce a first slurry; wet blending the first slurry; spray drying the wet blended slurry to form a precursor composition; milling the precursor composition to obtain a milled precursor composition; compacting the milled precursor to obtain a compacted precursor; pre-baking the compacted precursor composition to obtain a precursor composition with low moisture content; and calcining the precursor composition with low moisture content at a time and temperature sufficient to produce a lithium vanadium phosphate. The lithium vanadium phosphate so produced can optionally be further milled to obtain the desired particle size. The electrochemically active lithium vanadium phosphate so produced is useful in making electrodes and batteries and more specifically is useful in producing cathode materials for electrochemical ...

IRON(III) ORTHOPHOSPHATE FOR LI ION ACCUMULATORS

Iron(III) orthophosphate of the general formula FePO4 x nH2O (n <= 2.5), prepared by a process in which iron(II)-, iron(III)- or mixed iron(II, III) compounds selected from among hydroxides, oxides, oxidehydroxides, oxide hydrates, carbonates and hydroxidecarbonates are reacted with phosphoric acid having a concentration in the range from 5% to 50%, any iron(II) present after the reaction is converted into iron(III) by addition of an oxidant and solid iron(III) orthophosphate is separated off from the reaction mixture.

METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCES OF AN ALKALI METAL OXYANION ELECTRODE MATERIAL AND ALKALI METAL OXYANION ELECTRODE MATERIAL OBTAINED THEREFROM

Process for improving the electrochemical performance of an alkali metal oxyanion electrode material having a pyrolitic carbon deposit thereon, comprising a heat treatment under a humidified atmosphere where the heat treatment is performed at a temperature in the range of about 300°C to about 950°C.

LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE HAVING OLIVINE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR ANALYZING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a lithium iron phosphate having an olivine crystal structure, and more particularly, to an olivine lithium iron phosphate which has compositions of chemical formula (1) Li1+a Fe1-x Mx(PO4-b) Xb (where M, X, a, x, and b are as defined in the specification), contains 0.1~5 wt % of Li3PO4, and contains no or less than 0.25 wt % of Li2CO3. The lithium iron phosphate according to the present invention contains no lithium carbonate or an extremely small amount of lithium carbonate, and contains Li3PO4 which is very electrochemically stable and excellent in thermal safety and ionic conductivity. Thus, the lithium iron phosphate of the present invention shows superior stability during high temperature and storage conditions, and improved safety and rate capability when used as positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.

SYNTHESIS OF LIFEPO4 UNDER HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of general Formula (I) Lia-bM1 bFe1-cM2 cPd-eM3 eOx (I), wherein Fe has the oxidation state +2 and M1, M2, M3, a, b, c, d, e and x are: M1:Na, K, Rb and/or Cs, M2:Mn, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Co, Ni, Cr, V, M3:Si, S, F a:0.8 - 1.9, b:0 - 0.3, c:0 - 0.9, 15 d:0.8 - 1.9, e:0 - 0.5, x:1.0 - 8, depending on the amount and oxidation state of Li, M1, M2, P, M3, wherein compounds of general Formula (I) are neutrally charged, comprising the following steps (A) providing a mixture comprising at least one lithium-comprising compound, at least one iron-comprising compound, in which iron has the oxidation state +3, and at least one M1-comprising compound, if present, and/or at least one M2-comprising compound, if present, and/or least one M3-comprising compound, if present, and at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5, and (B) heating the mixture ...

CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE CELL AND METHODS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

A non-aqueous electrolyte cell in which the allowable range of starting materials for synthesis left in a cathode active material is prescribed in order to realize satisfactory cell characteristics. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell includes a cathode containing a cathode active material, an anode containing an anode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, in which the cathode active material is mainly composed of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0 < x .ltoreq. 1, with the molar ratio of Li3PO4 to a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4 to the compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, which ratio is represented by Li3PO4/LiFePO4, being Li3PO4,/LixFePO4 .ltoreq. 6.67 X 10-2.

PREPARATION OF LITHIUM-CONTAINING MATERIALS

The invention provides novel lithium-mixed metal materials which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-mixed metal materials. Methods for making the novel lithium-mixed metal materials and methods for using such lithium-mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells are also provided. The lithium-mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. Preferred materials are lithium-mixed metal phosphates which contain lithium and two other metals besides lithium.

SCINTILLATING COMPOSITIONS FOR DETECTING NEUTRONS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKALI METAL ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE AND PRODUCT PRODUCED THEREBY

INTERCALATED LAYERED MIXED OXIDES

METHOD OF PROCESSING ACTIVE MATERIALS FOR USE IN SECONDARY ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

The present invention provides a method for the processing of particles of metal phosphates or particles of mixed metal phosphates and in particular lithiated metal phosphates and mixed metal phosphates. The processing occurs, for example using a mechanofusion system as depicted in Figures 1 and 2. In general, the powder materials are placed in a rotary container and are subjected to centrifugal force and securely pressed against the wall of the container. The material then undergoes strong compression and shearing forces when it is trapped between the wall of the container and the inner piece of the rotor with a different curvature (Figure 2). Particles of the material are brought together with such force that they adhere to one another. In the mechanofusion system, as indicated in Figure 2, the powder material is delivered through slits on the rotary walls. It is carried up above the rotors by the rotor-mounted circulating blades. Subsequently, the material returns again to the rotors ...

CRYSTALLINE ION-CONDUCTING NANOMATERIAL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

... ²²²The invention relates to a crystalline ion-conducting material made of LiMPO4 ²nanoparticles, wherein M is selected from Cr, Mn, Co, Fe and Ni, in addition ²to mixtures thereof and the nanoparticles have an essentially flat prismatic ²shape. The invention also relates to a method for producing said type of ²crystalline ion-conducting material which consists of the following steps: a ²precursor component is produced in a solution from a lithium compound of a ²component containing metal ions M and a phosphate compound, the precursor ²compound is subsequently precipitated from the solution and, optionally, a ²suspension of the precursor compound is formed, the precursor compound and/or ²the suspension is dispersed and/or ground, and the precursor compound and/or ²the suspension is converted under hydrothermal conditions and subsequently, ²the crystalline material is extracted.² ...

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SUBSTANCE, POSITIVE ELECTRODE, AND SECONDARY BATTERY

This secondary battery is provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode is provided with a positive electrode collector, and a positive electrode active substance layer that is provided to the positive electrode collector and that includes an electrically conductive substance. This electrically conductive substance includes: a plurality of electrically conductive support bodies including a carbon material; and a plurality of electrically conductive particles that are respectively supported by the plurality of electrically conductive support bodies, that include a lithium phosphate compound, and that are primary particles having an average particle size of less than 35 nm.

POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY, POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY, AND LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY

A positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery containing carbon, in which, when a peak of the carbon that is measured by Raman scattering and is present at 2200 to 3400 cm-1 is peak-separated into peaks including five types of Voigt functions of a peak 1 having a peak top present at 2200 to 2380 cm-1, a peak 2 having a peak top present at 2400 to 2550 cm-1, a peak 3 having a peak top present at 2600 to 2750 cm-1, a peak 4 having a peak top present at 2850 to 2950 cm-1, and a peak 5 having a peak top present at 3100 to 3250 cm-1, an average of proportions of Gaussian functions in the peak 3 and the peak 4 is 90% or more and less than 100%.

ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND USE THEREOF

... ²²²Disclosed is an electrode active material which mainly contains a metal ²phosphate complex and exhibits good charge/discharge characteristics. Also ²disclosed is a method for producing such an electrode active material. The ²electrode active material mainly contains an amorphous metal complex ²represented by the general formula: AxM(PO4)y. In the formula, A represents an ²alkali metal, M represents one or more metal elements selected from transition ²metals, 0 = x = 2 and 0 < y = 2. Such an electrode active material can be ²produced at a lower cost and in a shorter time than the conventional electrode ²active materials using a crystalline metal complex, and still exhibits battery ²characteristics equivalent to those of the conventional electrode active ²materials.² ...

SYNTHESIS OF METAL COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIALS

Active materials of the invention contain at least one alkali metal and at least one other metal capable of being oxidized to a higher oxidation state. Preferred other metals are accordingly selected from the group consisting of transition metals (defined as Groups 4-11 of the periodic table), as well as certain other non-transition materials such as tin, bismuth, and lead. The active materials may be synthesized in single step reactions or in multi-step reactions. In at least one of the steps of the synthesis reaction, reducing carbon is used a s a starting material. In one aspect, the reducing carbon is provided by elemental carbon, preferably in particulate form such as graphites, amorphous carbon, carbon blacks and the like. In another aspect, reducing carbon may also be provided by an organic precursor material, or by a mixture of elemental carbon and organic precursor material.

ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL, MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME,AND LITHIUM-ION BATTERY USING SUCH AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL

Electrode active material is provided which is mainly an amorphous iron-p hosphate complex represented by LixFePyOz, where x and y are values which in dependently satisfy 2 < x <= 2.5 and 1.5 <= y <= 2, respectively , z = (x + 5y + valence of iron) / 2 to satisfy stoichiometry, and the valen ce of iron is 2 or 3.

METHODS OF MAKING LITHIUM METAL COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIALS

A method of making a lithium transition metal oxide compound for use as a cathode active material comprising the steps of admixing starting materials in particle form, including at least one lithium compound, at least one transition metal oxide compound, and at least one particulate reducing agent and heating the starting material mixture to a temperature sufficient to form a lithium transition metal oxide reaction product.

LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATE SECONDARY AGGLOMERATES AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE

The present invention relates to a Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate compound of formula Li0.9+xFe1-yMyPO4) in the form of secondary particles made of agglomerates of spherical primary particles wherein the primary particles have a size in the range of 0.02-2 pm and the secondary particles a mean size in the range of 10-40 pm and a BET surface of 16-40 m2/g, a process for its manufacture and the use thereof.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LIMXO4 AND PRODUCTS THEREOF

There is provided a process for producing LiMXO4 , comprising the steps of reacting a source of lithium, a source of M, and a source of X together, in a melted state at a reaction temperature between 900 to 1450oC, in the presence of an excess of (A) a solid-solid reducing couple having an oxygen partial pressure at equilibrium (pO2) comprised between 10-8 and 10-15 atm at said reaction temperature according to an Ellingham-Richardson diagram for oxides, or (B) one component of the solid-solid reducing couple together with a gas-gas reducing couple having an oxygen partial pressure at equilibrium (pO2) comprised between 10 -8 and 10-15 atm at said reaction temperature according to an Ellingham-Richardson diagram for oxides, and under thermic equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium. There is also provided a LiMXO4 melt-solidified product free from off-composition impurities.

PREPARATION METHOD OF BATTERY COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PRECURSOR THEREOF

A preparation method of a battery composite material, which at least comprises the steps: providing an iron compound, phosphoric acid, a manganese compound, a lithium compound and a carbon source; mixing and stirring the iron compound with deionized water, then adding the phosphoric acid to the mixture and stirring to form a first phosphoric acid solution, and adding to the first phosphoric acid solution a first fixed amount of the manganese compound to cause the manganese compound to continuously react with the first phosphoric acid solution for a first period of time, finally forming a first product solution; generating a precursor through the reaction of at least the first product solution, the carbon source and the lithium compound; and thermally treating the precursor to generate the battery composite material having a chemical formula of LiFexMn1-xPO4, wherein x is larger than 0; the battery composite material is capable of avoiding the aggregation effect of finished powders in the ...

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LITHIUM NICKEL MANGANESE COBALT PHOSPHOROUS OXIDE

Disclosed herein are certain embodiments of a novel chemical synthesis route for lithium ion battery applications. Accordingly, various embodiments are focused on the synthesis of a new active material using NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) as the precursor for a phosphate material having a layered crystal structure. Partial phosphate generation in the layer structured material stabilizes the material while maintaining the large capacity nature of the layer structured material. Materials having a composition represented by: Lix Ni1/4 Mn1/4 Co1/4 P(1/4-y )O2,wherein 0=x=1, 0.001=y=0.25 and by: LixX(2/3+y)P(1/3-y)O2,wherein 0=x=1, 0.001=y=0.33, and X is Nickel or a combination of transition metal elements, can be prepared.

LITHIUM MANGANESE PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, CARBON-COATED LITHIUM MANGANESE PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES, CARBON-COATED LITHIUM MANGANESE PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLE GRANULATED BODY, AND LITHIUM ION CELL

Through the present invention, high capacity is realized when lithium manganese phosphate is used as the active material of a lithium ion secondary cell. The present invention is lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles characterized in that the ratio I20/I29 of the peak intensity at 20° and the peak intensity at 29° thereof obtained by X-ray diffraction is 0.88 to 1.05, and the crystal size thereof obtained by X-ray diffraction is 10 nm to 50 nm.

ROOM TEMPERATURE SINGLE PHASE LI INSERTION/EXTRACTION MATERIAL FOR USE IN LI-BASED BATTERY

The invention relates to active materials for the manufacture of Li-based batteries. A crystalline nanometric powdered material with formula Lix(M, M ')PO4, in particular LixFePO4 (O<=x<=1), is disclosed, exhibiting sing le phase Li insertion/extraction mechanism at room temperature when used as positive electrode material in Li-based batteries. Compared to current LiFeP O4, the novel material results in smooth, sloping charge/discharge voltage c urves, greatly simplifying the monitoring of the state of charge of the batt eries. The coexistence of mixed valence states for Fe (i.e. FeIIIVFeII) is b elieved to increase the electronic conductivity in the room temperature sing le phase LixFePO4 material, compared to state of the art two-phase materials . This, together with the nanometric size of the particles and their sharp m onomodal size distribution, contributes to the exceptional high-rate capabil ity demonstrated in batteries.

CERIUM AND/OR TERBIUM PHOSPHATE, OPTIONALLY WITH LANTHANUM, PHOSPHOR RESULTING FROM SAID PHOSPHATE, AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME

Le phosphate de terre rare (Ln) de l'invention, Ln représentant soit au moins une terre rare choisie parmi le cérium et le terbium, soit le lanthane en combinaison avec au moins l'une des deux terres rares précitées, présente une structure cristalline soit de type rhabdophane soit de type monazite la teneur en lithium étant d'au plus 300 ppm. Le phosphate est obtenu par précipitation d'un chlorure de terre rare à pH maintenu constant inférieur à 2 puis calcination et redispersion dans l'eau chaude. L'invention concerne aussi un luminophore obtenu par calcination à au moins 1000°C du phosphate.

METHOD FOR PURIFYING LITHIUM-CONTAINING WASTE WATERS DURING THE CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATES

The present invention relates to a method for continuously producing lithium transition metal phosphates of the formula LiMPO4, comprising the steps of: a) providing an aqueous reactive mixture containing LiOH, H3PO4, and a transition metal sulfate; b) reacting the reactive mixture to form a lithium transition metal phosphate; c) separating the solid lithium transition metal phosphate from the soluble part of the reactive mixture; d) subjecting the soluble part (diluate) to electrodialysis; e) isolating the part of the electrodialysate which contains an aqueous LiOH solution.

METHOD FOR PURIFYING LITHIUM-CONTAINING WASTE WATERS DURING THE CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATES

The present invention relates to a method for continuously manufacturing lithium transition metal phosphates of the formula LiMPO4, comprising the steps of: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing LiOH, H3PO4 as well as a transition metal sulphate b) converting the reaction mixture into a lithium transition metal phosphate c) separating the solid lithium transition metal phosphate from the soluble part of the reaction mixture d) subjecting the soluble part (diluate) to an electrodialysis e) isolating the part of the electrodialysate that contains an aqueous LiOH solution.

ELECTRODE-ACTIVE ANION-DEFICIENT LITHIUM TRANSITION-METAL PHOSPHATE, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE USING THE SAME

The present invention provides the electrode active material of an anion-deficient lithium transition metal phosphate compound expressed by the chemical formula Li1-xM(PO4)1-y (0 <= x <= 0.15, 0 < y <= 0.05). The invention provides a method for preparing Li1-xM(PO4)1-y comprising a step wherein a precursor for a lithium transition metal phosphate compound is generated; a step wherein the precursor is mixed under the reaction conditions including a temperature of 200 700°C and a pressure of 180 550 bar to synthesize the anionic deficient lithium transition metal phosphate compound; and a step wherein the resulting product is calcined or granularized and then calcined. In addition, the invention provides an electrochemical device that uses Li1-xM(PO4)1-y as its electrode active material.

PROCESS FOR MAKING FLUORINATED LITHIUM VANADIUM POLYANION POWDERS FOR BATTERIES

Processes produce a lithium vanadium fluorophosphate or a carbon-containing lithium vanadium fluorophosphate. Such processes include forming a solution-suspension of precursors having V" that is to be reduced to V". The solution-suspension is heated in an inert environment to drive synthesis of LiVPO4F such that carbon residue forming material is also oxidized to precipitate in and on the LiVPO4F forming carbon-containing LiVPO4F or CLVPF. Liquids are separated from solids and a resulting dry powder is heated to a second higher temperature to drive crystallization of a product. The product includes carbon for conductivity, is created with low cost precursors, and retains a small particle size without need for milling or other processing to reduce the product to a particle size suitable for use in batteries. Furthermore, the process does not rely on addition of carbon black, graphite or other form of carbon to provide the conductivity required for use in batteries.

SYNTHESIS OF LITHIUM-METAL-PHOSPHATES UNDER HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) Lia-bM1 bQ1-cM2 cPd-eM3 eOx (l), wherein Q has the oxidation state +2 and M1, M2, M3, a, b, c, d, e and x are: Q: Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, M1 : Na, K, Rb and/or Cs, M2: Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Fe, Mn, wherein Q and M2 are different from each other, M3: Si, S, F a: 0.8 - 1.9, b: 0 - 0.3, c: 0 - 0.9, d: 0.8 - 1.9, e: 0 - 0.5, x: 1.0 - 8, depending on the amount and oxidation state of Li, M1, M2, P, M3, wherein compounds of general formula (I) are neutrally charged, comprising the following steps (A) providing a mixture comprising at least one lithium-comprising compound, at least one Q-comprising compound, in which Q has at least partially an oxidation state higher than +2, and at least one M1-comprising compound, if present, and/or at least one M2-comprising compound, if present, and/or least one M3-comprising compound, if present, and at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least ...

SUBSTITUTED LITHIUM-MANGANESE METAL PHOSPHATE

The present invention relates to a substituted lithium-manganese metal phosphate of formula LiFe x Mn1-x-y M M y PO4 in which M is a bivalent metal from the group Sn, Pb, Zn, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Ti and Cd and wherein: x < 1, y < 0.3 and x + y < 1, a process for producing it as well as its use as cathode material in a secondary lithium-ion battery.

CRYSTALLINE IRON PHOSPHATE DOPED WITH METAL, METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME, AND LITHIUM COMPOSITE METAL PHOSPHATE PREPARED THEREFROM

The present invention relates to a crystalline iron phosphate doped with metal (MFePO4), which is used as a precursor of olivine-structured LiMFePO4 (LMFP) used as a cathode active material for lithium secondary batteries, and to a method for preparing the crystalline iron phosphate, wherein the crystalline iron phosphate doped with metal has the following formula (I) obtained by crystallizing amorphous iron phosphate and doping the latter with a different type of metal. Formula (I): MFePO4, where M is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Zr, Nb, Cu, V, Ti, Zn, Al, Ga, Mg, and B. The preparation of olivine-structured LMFP, which is used as a cathode active material for lithium secondary batteries, using the crystalline iron phosphate doped with metal as a precursor can increase efficiency and reduce processing costs as compared to another method for preparing same by mixing different types of metal in the solid state.

METHOD FOR MAKING LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL OLIVINES USING WATER/COSOLVENT MIXTURES

Olivine lithium manganese iron phosphate is made in a coprecipitation process from a water/alcoholic cosolvent mixture. The LMFP particles so obtained exhibit surprisingly high electronic conductivities, which in turn leads to other advantages such as high energy and power densities and excellent cycling performance.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LITHIUM-CONTAINING COMPLEX OXIDE

Disclosed is a method for producing a lithium-containing complex oxide represented by general formula (1) below, which comprises at least: a step for preparing a solution by dissolving starting materials, namely, a lithium source, an element M source, a phosphorus source and an element X source into a solvent, wherein the phosphorus source is added after dissolving at least the element M source; a step for gelatinizing the thus-obtained solution; and a step for firing the thus-obtained gel. The method is capable of providing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, said positive electrode active material being excellent from the aspects of safety and cost and capable of extending the life of the battery. LixMyP1-zXzO4 (1) (In the formula, M represents at least one element that is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn, Zr, Sn, Al and Y; X represents at least one element that is selected from the group consisting of Si and Al; and x, y and z respectively ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines mineralischen Beifuttermittels

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus Natrium-, Magnesium- und Calciumphosphaten bestehenden Tierfuttermittels

Prepn of k/mg mixed phosphate hydrate

Prepn of K/Mg mixed phosphate hydrate. .M6A. by (a) forming an aqs. soln. of a 3-10C (pref. 3-5), straight or branched aliphatic primary, sec. or tert. amine and phosphoric acid, produced by thermal reaction or wet methods in a quantity such that only about half the amine is used, (b) adding stoichiometric amt. or 5% excess K2SO4 (based on P2O5), (c) cooling the soln. pref. over 2-4 hrs. agitating, adding 2 equivs. MgSO4 per equiv. of P2O5 to effect precipitation at pH 11-14, pref. 12.1 to 11.5, (d) separating and washing the KMgPO4 formed, (e) combining the washings and denuded liquor and treating them with equiv. amount of calcined lime, (or up to 20% excess) (f) separating and washing the CaSO4 precipitated and recycling the amine soln. to stage (a). The process obviates the difficult filtration of viscous precipitates and elimination of CaCl2 associated with prior art methods.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES KRISTALLIENEN, KOMPLEXEN NATRIUMALUMINIUMHYDROGENPHOSPHATES.

VERWENDUNG VON NATRIUMALUMINIUMPHOSPHAT ALS EMULGIERMITTEL IN SCHMELZKAESE.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von sauren Alkalimetallaluminiumphosphaten sowie deren Verwendung

Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserfreiem Magnesiumphosphat für sich oder in Mischung mit Calciumphosphat

PARTICLES OF PHOSPHATE OR POLYPHOSPHATE OF ALUMINUM FOR THE USE AS THE PIGMENTS BEFORE THE PAINTS AND THE METHOD OF THEIR OBTAINING

NUTRIENT COMPOSITION FOR BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Positive electrode active material for sodium ion secondary battery

Method for the hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium from the lithium manganese oxide-containing fraction of used galvanic cells

Method for preparing battery composite material and precursor thereof

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a battery composite material, at least comprising: a step of providing phosphoric acid, iron powder, a carbon source and a first reactant, wherein the chemical formula of phosphoric acid is H3PO4, the chemical formula of the iron powder is Fe; a step of reacting phosphoric acid and the iron powder, to generate a first product; a step of calcinating the first product to generate a precursor, wherein the chemical formula of the precursor is Fe7(PO4)6; and a step of reacting the precursor and the first reactant and calcinating the reaction mixture, to generate a battery composite material. In the present invention, the preparation is performed without using a base compound, and the grinding time in the manufacturing process is reduced, thereby reducing the cost in time and money. At the same time, the efficacy of reducing the difficulty of the manufacturing process and operation of the production line is achieved.

ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES

The positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the active material, its preparation method and containing the positive electrode active material of the lithium secondary battery

Cathode active material, cathode and non-aqueous secondary battery

Provided is a cathode active material that has a composition represented by general formula 1: LiMn1-xMxP1-ySiyO4. (Where M is at least one element selected from a group consisting of Zr, Sn, Y and Al,x is within the range of 0 < x = 0.5,and y is within the range of 0 < y = 0.5).

Device system and preparation technology for preparing submicron material through continuous hydrothermal method

Preparation method for highly-compacted lithium iron phosphate

Synthesis of cathode active materials

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an electroactive metal polyanion or a mixed metal polyanion comprising forming a slurry comprising a polymeric material, a solvent, a polyanion source or alkali metal polyanion source and at least one metal ion source; heating said slurry at a temperature and for a time sufficient to remove the solvent and form an essentially dried mixture; and heating said mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce an electroactive metal polyanion or electroactive mixed metal polyanion. In an alternative embodiment the present invention relates to a method for preparing a metal polyanion or a mixed metal polyanion which comprises mixing a polymeric material with a polyanion source or alternatively an alkali metal polyanion source and a source of at least one metal ion to produce a fine mixture and heating the mixture to a temperature higher than the melting point of the polymeric material, milling the resulting material and then ...

Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery, manufacturing method thereof, and lithium secondary battery

Occlusion and release of lithium ion are likely to one-dimensionally occur in the b-axis direction of a crystal in a lithium-containing composite oxide having an olivine structure. Thus, a positive electrode in which the b-axes of lithium-containing composite oxide single crystals are oriented vertically to a surface of a positive electrode current collector is provided. The lithium-containing composite oxide particles are mixed with graphene oxide and then pressure is applied thereto, whereby the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles are likely to slip. In addition, in the case where the rectangular parallelepiped or substantially rectangular parallelepiped particles whose length in the b-axis direction is shorter than those in the a-axis direction and the c-axis direction are used, when pressure is applied in one direction, the b-axes can be oriented in the one direction.

Lithium transition metal phosphate, method of manufacturing the same, and the use of the process for producing the lithium secondary battery

PHOSPHATES CERIUM AND/OR OF TERBIUM, POSSIBLY WITH LANTHANUM, LUMINOPHORE RESULTING FROM THIS PHOSPHATE AND METHODS OF PREPARATION OF THOSE

Le phosphate de terre rare (Ln) de l'invention, Ln représentant soit au moins une terre rare choisie parmi le cérium et le terbium, soit le lanthane en combinaison avec au moins l'une des deux terres rares précitées, présente une structure cristalline soit de type rhabdophane avec une teneur en sodium d'au plus 6000 ppm soit de type monazite la teneur en sodium étant d'au plus 4000 ppm. Le phosphate est obtenu par précipitation d'un chlorure de terre rare à pH maintenu constant inférieur à 2 puis calcination et redispersion dans l'eau chaude. L'invention concerne aussi un luminophore obtenu par calcination à au moins 1000°C du phosphate.

Manufactoring process of a waterglass in water, product obtained and its application to the drilling of the wells

Process for the preparation of rare earth phosphates and products.

A method of preparation of polymeric materials, in particular materials polymers containing inorganic polyphosphates or polyphosphates, and products obtained by this process

Composition phosphated for the treatment of meat food

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL CATTLE FOOD

CHEESE EMULSIFYING AGENT

NEW THORIUM PHOSPHATES, THEIR METHOD OF PREPARATION AND THEIR USE FOR STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE PRODUCTS

LINER FOR RECEPTACLE ALUMO - AND/OR FERRO-SODIUM PHOSPHATE AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FOOD INDUSTRY

MATERIAL Of POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR ACCUMULATOR LITHIUM-ION

Method for producing lithium iron phosphate

A method for producing lithium iron phosphate includes: an aqueous solution preparing step of preparing an aqueous solution containing a phosphoric acid and a carboxylic acid; a first forming step of adding iron particles containing 0.5 mass % or more of oxygen to the aqueous solution, and making the phosphoric acid and the carboxylic acid and the iron particles react with each other in the aqueous solution under an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a first reaction liquid is formed by; the second forming step of adding a lithium source to the first reaction liquid obtained in the synthesizing step to form a second reaction liquid; the precursor forming step of drying the second reaction liquid to form a lithium iron phosphate precursor; and the primary baking step of baking the lithium iron phosphate precursor under a non-oxidizing atmosphere thus obtaining lithium iron phosphate.

Modifier of lithium ion battery and method for making the same

A modifier of a lithium ion battery includes a mixture of a phosphorus source having a phosphate radical, a trivalent aluminum source, and a metallic oxide in a liquid phase solvent. A method for making the modifier of the lithium ion battery. In the method, a phosphorus source having a phosphate radical, a trivalent aluminum source, and a metallic oxide are provided. The phosphorus source, the trivalent aluminum source, and the metallic oxide are mixed in a liquid phase solvent to form a clear solution.

Separator of lithium ion battery, method for making the same, and lithium ion battery using the same

A separator of a battery includes a porous membrane and a modifier layer disposed on a surface of the porous membrane, wherein a material of the modifier layer is a dried mixture of a phosphorus source having a phosphate radical, a trivalent aluminum source, and a metallic oxide in a liquid phase solvent.

Low thermal expansion filler, method for preparing the same and glass composition

An object of the present invention is to provide a low thermal expansion filler for low thermal expansion glasses which has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and exhibits superior flowability in a molten state, and a glass composition containing the same. It has been found that a low thermal expansion filler composed of a hexagonal zirconium phosphate powder where a specific particle size of 0.8 μm to 50 μm is 95% or more on a volume basis has excellent low thermal expansion property and excellent flowability, and a glass composition containing the filler has been accomplished.

Phosphate Based Compound, Use Of The Compound In An Electrochemical Storage Device And Methods For Its Preparation

A phosphate based compound basically comprising—A: exchangeable cations used in charging and discharging, e.g. Li, Na, K, Ag, —B: non-exchangeable cations from the transition metals, group 3-12 of the periodic table of elements, e.g. Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ti, V, Cu, Sc, —C: 60 Mol-%-90 Mol-%, preferably 75 Mol-% of the compound being phosphate (PO 4 ) 3− anions, where oxygen is or may be partially substituted by a halide (e.g. F, Cl) and/or OH − to a maximum concentration of 10 Mol-% of the oxygen of the anions and wherein said (PO 4 ) 3− coordination polyhedra may be partially substituted by one or more of: SiO 4 4 silicate, BO 3 3− borate, CO 3 2− carbonate, H 2 O water up to a maximum amount of <31 Mol-% of the anions, said compound being in crystalline form and having open elongate channels extending through the unit cell of the structure and with the compound being present either in single crystal form or as an anisotropic microcrystalline or nanocrystalline material. The phosphate based compound is used as an electroactive material, for example as a cathode, an anode or a separator in an ion battery or electrochemical storage device or electrochemical cell.

Silver-based inorganic antimicrobial agent, method for preparing the same and antimicrobial product

Disclosed is a silver-based inorganic antimicrobial agent which exhibits superior heat resistance, chemical resistance, processability and long-lasting waterproofness. The present invention was completed based on the finding that the problems can be solved by a silver-based inorganic antimicrobial agent represented by the following Formula (1) containing zirconium pyrophosphate (ZrP 2 O 7 ). Ag a M b Zr c Hf d (PO 4 ) 3 .n H 2 O  (1) (In Formula (1), M is at least one ion selected from an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion, a hydrogen ion and an oxonium ion, a, b, c and d are positive numbers satisfying 1.75<(c+d)<2.2 and a+b+4(c+d)=9, and n is 2 or less).

Electrode material, power storage device, and electronic device

To provide an electrode material with an increased capacity and a power storage device including the electrode material. Lithium iron phosphate having improved crystallinity is provided in which the lattice constant in the a-axis direction is greater than or equal to 10.3254×10 −10 m and less than or equal to 10.3258×10 −10 m, the lattice constant in the b-axis direction is greater than or equal to 6.0035×10 −10 m and less than or equal to 6.0052×10 −10 m, and the lattice constant in the c-axis direction is greater than or equal to 4.6879×10 −10 m and less than or equal to 4.69019×10 −10 m. Further, a power storage device whose capacity is increased by using the lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material to increase the number of lithium ions intercalated and deintercalated in charging and discharging is provided.

Near-infrared-absorbing particles, process for their production, dispersion, and article thereof

To provide near-infrared-absorbing particles which have a high transmittance in the visible light region and a low transmittance in the near infrared region and which, when incorporated, can give a near-infrared-absorbing coating film wherein the transmittance sharply changes in the wavelength range of from 630 to 700 nm; a process for their production; and their dispersion. Near-infrared-absorbing particles consisting essentially of crystallites of A 1/n CuPO 4 and having a number average aggregated particle size is from 20 to 200 nm, wherein A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs), alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) and NH 4 , and n is 1 when A is an alkali metal or NH 4 , or 2 when A is an alkaline earth metal.

Method for recovering polyoxoanion compound

A method for recovering a polyoxoanion compound from an aqueous solution containing the polyoxoanion compound which comprises the following steps: Step (1): a step of mixing an organic solvent capable of forming a complex with the above-mentioned polyoxoanion compound with the above-mentioned aqueous solution followed by separating to a first phase containing the above-mentioned polyoxoanion compound and the above-mentioned organic solvent, and a second phase, Step (2): a step of mixing a hydrophobic organic solvent with the above-mentioned first phase followed by separating to an organic phase containing the above-mentioned organic solvent and the above-mentioned hydrophobic organic solvent, and an aqueous phase containing the above-mentioned polyoxoanion compound.

Cathode active material, cathode electrode and non-aqueous secondary battery

A cathode active material comprising a composition represented by the following general formula (1): Li a M1 x M2 y M3 z P m Si n O 4   (1) wherein M1 is at least one kind of element selected from the group of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni; M2 is any one kind of element selected from the group of Zr, Sn, Y and Al; M3 is at least one kind of element selected from the group of Zr, Sn, Y, Al, Ti, V and Nb and different from M2; “a” satisfies 0<a≦1; “x” satisfies 0<x≦2; “y” satisfies 0<y<1; “z” satisfies 0<z<1; “m” satisfies 0≦m<1; and “n” satisfies 0<n≦1.

Phase-pure lithium aluminium titanium phosphate and method for its production and use

The present invention relates to a method for producing lithium aluminium titanium phosphates of the general formula Li 1+x Ti 2−x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 , wherein x is ≦0.4, as well as their use as solid electrolytes in secondary lithium ion batteries.

Method for reducing activation of lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery having reduced activation

A method for reducing activation of lithium secondary battery including at least a cathode comprising micron-sized particles of a compound having the formula C-A x M(XO 4 ) y which have an olivine structure and which carry, on at least a portion of their surface, a deposit of carbon deposited by pyrolysis, the formula A x M(XO 4 ) y being such that: A includes Li; M includes Fe(II) or Mn(II) or a mixture thereof; XO 4 includes PO 4 ; and O<x≦2 et O<y≦2, the coefficients x and y being chosen independently so as to ensure electroneutrality of the A x M(XO 4 ) y compound, the method including performing at least one charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery at a temperature above about 30° C. Also, a lithium secondary battery having the above characteristics and which has a substantially constant capacity within the first hundred (100) charge and/or discharge cycles.

Process for preparing electroactive insertion compounds and electrode materials obtained therefrom

A process for preparing an at least partially lithiated transition metal oxyanion-based lithium-ion reversible electrode material, which includes providing a precursor of said lithium-ion reversible electrode material, heating said precursor, melting same at a temperature sufficient to produce a melt including an oxyanion containing liquid phase, cooling said melt under conditions to induce solidification thereof and obtain a solid electrode that is capable of reversible lithium ion deinsertion/insertion cycles for use in a lithium battery. Also, lithiated or partially lithiated oxyanion-based-lithium-ion reversible electrode materials obtained by the aforesaid process.

Lithium iron phosphate containing sulfur compound based upon sulfide bond and lithium secondary battery using the same

Disclosed is lithium iron phosphate having an olivine crystal structure, wherein the lithium iron phosphate has a composition represented by the following Formula 1, a sulfur compound with a sulfide bond is contained, as an impurity, in the lithium iron phosphate particles, and carbon (C) is coated on particle surfaces of the lithium iron phosphate: Li 1+a Fe 1−x M x (PO 4−b )X b   (1) (wherein M, X, a, x, and b are the same as defined in the specification).

Method of manufacturing positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery

At least one of an aqueous solution A containing lithium, an aqueous solution B containing iron, manganese, cobalt, or nickel, and an aqueous solution C containing a phosphoric acid includes graphene oxide. The aqueous solution A is dripped into the aqueous solution C, so that a mixed solution E including a precipitate D is prepared. The mixed solution E is dripped into the aqueous solution B, so that a mixed solution G including a precipitate F is prepared. The mixed solution G is subjected to heat treatment in a pressurized atmosphere, so that a mixed solution H is prepared, and the mixed solution H is then filtered. Thus, particles of a compound containing lithium and oxygen which have a small size are obtained.

Compositions and methods for manufacturing a cathode for lithium secondary battery

Disclosed are compositions and methods for producing a cathode for a secondary battery, where lithium manganese fluorophosphate such as Li 2 MnPO 4 F can be used as an electrode material. Li 2 MnPO 4 F is prepared by chemical intercalation of lithium, and can be used as an electrode material, and a non-lithium containing material can then be used as an anode material for manufacturing of a full cell. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a carbon coating for a cathode material for a lithium battery, which has improved electrical conductivity.

Manufacture of LiPO2F2 from POF3 or PF5

LiPO 2 F 2 , an electrolyte salt additive for batteries, is manufactured by the reaction of POF 3 , PF 5 or mixtures thereof, with Li 3 PO 4 forming a reaction mixture comprising LiPO 2 F 2 . When POF 3 is applied, the reaction mixture which contains essentially only LiPO 2 F 2 is preferably extracted from the reaction mixture with a solvent which also is applicable as solvent for lithium ion batteries. If PF 5 is applied, then, depending on the molar ratio of PF 5 and Li 3 PO 4 , the reaction mixture also contains LiF and/or LiPF 6 . To isolate pure LiPO 2 F 2 from LiF, the reaction mixture containing essentially only LiPO 2 F 2 and LiF may for example, be extracted with dimethoxyethane, acetone, dimethyl carbonate or propylene carbonate. To isolate pure LiPO 2 F 2 from LiPF 6 , the reaction mixture containing essentially only these constituents is preferably extracted with a solvent which also is applicable as solvent for the LiPF 6 in lithium ion batteries to dissolve and remove LiPF 6 .

METHOD OF PREPARING OLIVINE CATHOD MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY

The present invention relates to a method of preparing olivine cathode materials for lithium secondary battery. More specifically, a method of preparing an olivine-based cathode material for secondary battery comprising the steps of: dissolving an iron supplying material, and a lithium phosphate by adding an acid; forming a chelate polymer by adding a chelate agent and a polymerization agent in the solution of the dissolving step followed by heating; pyrolyzing the chelate polymer under reducing atmosphere; and thermally reducing the chelated polymer degraded during the pyrolysis is provided. 1. A method of preparing an olivine-based cathode material for secondary battery comprising the steps of:dissolving an iron supplying material, and a lithium phosphate by adding an acid;forming a chelate polymer by adding a chelate agent and a polymerization agent in the solution of the dissolving step followed by heating;pyrolyzing the chelate polymer under reducing atmosphere; andthermally reducing the chelated polymer degraded during the pyrolysis.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of dissolving an iron supplying material claim 1 , and a lithium phosphate by adding an acid; is the step of dissolving an iron supplying material claim 1 , a lithium phosphate claim 1 , and a phosphorous bearing material by adding an acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium phosphate is precipitated by adding a phosphorous supplying material in a lithium bearing solution.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the iron supplying material is at least one selected from an electrolytic iron claim 1 , an oxidized steel claim 1 , and a metal iron salt.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the chelate agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of citric acid claim 1 , adipic acid claim 1 , methacrylic acid claim 1 , glycolic acid claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid claim 1 , alkylene-diamine-polyalkanoic acid ...

Method of producing iron phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, electrode active substance, and secondary battery

A mixed aqueous solution is prepared in which a phosphorus source, a divalent Fe compound, and an oxidant are mixed at a predetermined ratio. Then, this mixed aqueous solution is dropwise added into a buffer solution having a pH value of 1.5 to 9, thereby to produce a precipitated powder of FePO 4 . This FePO 4 is synthesized with a lithium compound to obtain LiFePO 4 . An electrode active substance containing this LiFePO 4 as a major component is used as a positive electrode material of a secondary battery.

Surface Functionalized Colloidally Stable Spheroidal Nano-apatites Exhibiting Intrinsic Multi-functionality

Calcium-phosphate based nanoparticles (CAPNP) are synthesized which are simultaneously intrinsically magnetic and fluorescent, and extrinsically surface modified to serve an attachment function. Doping calcium phosphates during colloidal synthesis results in 10 nm particles that are stable in aqueous media and at physiological pH. The scalable, one-step synthesis produces several modified CAPNPs. By introducing metal dopants into the base crystal lattice during synthesis, magnetically, electronically and optically enhanced nanoparticle dispersions were similarly synthesized. 1. A hydroxyapatite nanoparticle comprising an intrinsic metal ion , wherein the metal ion causes the nanoparticle to be luminescent and magnetic.2. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein said metal ion is iron.3. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein said metal ion is neodymium.5. The nanoparticle of claim 4 , wherein said calcium ion chelator is citric acid.6. The nanoparticle of claim 4 , wherein said metal dopant is selected from the group consisting of iron and neodymium.7. The nanoparticle of claim 6 , wherein said metal dopant is iron.8. The nanoparticle of claim 7 , wherein said iron is introduced in from about 5 to about 40 molar percent.9. The nanoparticle of claim 6 , wherein said metal dopant is neodymium.10. The nanoparticle of claim 9 , wherein said neodymium is introduced in from about 5 to about 30 molar percent.11. The nanoparticle of claim 4 , wherein said phosphate source is KHPO.12. The nanoparticle of claim 4 , wherein said gel is aged about 3 days.14. The nanoparticle of claim 11 , wherein said metal dopant is selected from the group consisting of iron and neodymium.15. The nanoparticle of claim 11 , wherein said metal dopant is iron.16. The nanoparticle of claim 13 , wherein said iron is introduced in from about 5 to about 40 molar percent.17. The nanoparticle of claim 11 , wherein said metal dopant is neodymium.18. The nanoparticle of claim 15 ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POROUS CRYSTALLINE LITHIUM-, VANADIUM AND PHOSPHATE-COMPRISING MATERIALS

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) 1. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I){'br': None, 'sub': a-b', 'b', '2-c', 'c', '4, 'sup': 1', '2, 'i': 'x', 'LiMVM(PO)\u2003\u2003(I)'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'wherein M, M, a, b, c and x have the following meanings{'sup': '1', 'M: Na, K, Rb and/or Cs,'}{'sup': '2', 'M: Ti, Zr, Nb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Mg and/or Sc,'}a: 1.5-4.5,b: 0-0.6,c: 0-1.98 and{'sup': 1', '2, 'x: number to equalize the charge of Li and V and Mand/or M, if present,'}wherein a-b is >0,said process comprising{'sup': 1', '2, '(A) providing an essentially aqueous mixture comprising as substrates at least one lithium-containing compound, at least one vanadium-containing compound in which vanadium has the oxidation state +5 and/or +4, and at least one M-containing compound, if present, and/or at least one M-containing compound, if present, at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5 and optionally at least one compound being able to generate at least one gaseous compound and/or at least one precursor of a gaseous compound,'}(B) drying the mixture provided in (A), in order to obtain a solid compound and(C) calcining the solid compound obtained from (B) at a temperature of 300 to 950° C.,wherein at least one of the substrates generates at least one gaseous compound and/or at least one precursor of a gaseous compound and the at least one gaseous compound and/or the gaseous compound generated from the at least one precursor of a gaseous compound is liberated in (B) and/or (C).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the essentially aqueous solution which is provided in (A) additionally comprises at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound which is able to generate at least one gaseous compound is ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD AND MANUFACTURING DEVICE FOR MULTIPLE OXIDE

A method for manufacturing a multiple oxide includes: a solution preparing step of adding to iron and steel pickling waste liquid, a lithium compound soluble in acidic aqueous solution and an oxoanion raw-material compound to prepare a mixed solution; a roasting step of introducing the mixed solution into a roasting furnace to roast the mixed solution; and a collecting step of collecting the multiple oxide obtained in the roasting step. 1. A method for manufacturing a multiple oxide , the method comprising:a solution preparing step of adding a lithium compound soluble in acidic aqueous solution and an oxoanion raw-material compound to iron and steel pickling waste liquid to prepare a mixed solution;a roasting step of introducing the mixed solution into a roasting furnace to roast the mixed solution; anda collecting step of collecting the multiple oxide obtained in the roasting step.2. The method for manufacturing the multiple oxide according to claim 1 , wherein an organic compound which reduces an iron ion in the iron and steel pickling waste liquid is further added in the solution preparing step.3. The method for manufacturing the multiple oxide according to claim 2 , wherein the organic compound is 1) an organic compound which is solid at room temperature and is soluble in acidic aqueous solution claim 2 , and/or 2) an organic compound which is liquid at room temperature claim 2 , is soluble in acidic aqueous solution claim 2 , and has a boiling point of not less than 200° C.4. The method for manufacturing the multiple oxide according to claim 2 , wherein the organic compound is at least one kind of ethylene glycol claim 2 , triethylene glycol claim 2 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 2 , and glucose.5. The method for manufacturing the multiple oxide according to claim 1 , further comprising; a grinding step of grinding the multiple oxide; and/or an annealing step of annealing the multiple oxide.6. The method for manufacturing the multiple oxide according to claim 1 , ...

Method of manufacturing positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery

At least one of an aqueous solution A containing lithium, an aqueous solution B containing iron, manganese, cobalt, or nickel, and an aqueous solution C containing a phosphoric acid includes graphene oxide. The aqueous solution A is dripped into the aqueous solution C, so that a mixed solution E including a precipitate D is prepared. The mixed solution E is dripped into the aqueous solution B, so that a mixed solution G including a precipitate F is prepared. The mixed solution G is subjected to heat treatment in a pressurized atmosphere, so that a mixed solution H is prepared, and the mixed solution H is then filtered. Thus, particles of a compound containing lithium and oxygen which have a small size are obtained.

METHOD OF FABRICATING LiFePO4 CATHODE ELECTROACTIVE MATERIAL BY RECYCLING, AND LiFePO4 CATHODE ELECTROACTIVE MATERIAL, LiFePO4 CATHODE, AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY FABRICATED THEREBY

The present invention relates to a method for fabricating a LiFePO4 cathode electroactive material for a lithium secondary battery by recycling, and a LiFePO4 cathode electroactive material for a lithium secondary battery, a LiFePO4 cathode, and a lithium secondary battery fabricated thereby. The present invention is characterized in that a cathode scrap is heat treated in air for a cathode electroactive material to be easily dissolved in an acidic solution, and amorphous FePO 4 obtained as precipitate is heat treated in an atmosphere of air or hydrogen so as to fabricate crystalline FePO 4 or Fe 2 P 2 O 7 . According to the present invention, a cathode scrap may be recycled by using a simple, environmentally friendly, and economical method. Further, a lithium secondary battery fabricated by using a LiFePO 4 cathode electroactive material from the cathode scrap is not limited in terms of performance.

IN SITU RESTORATION OF APATITE-BASED CHROMATOGRAPHY RESINS

Methods and compositions are provided for treatment of an apatite-based resin from which retained solutes have been eluted by an elution buffer that contains an alkali metal salt with solutions of calcium ion, phosphate ion, and hydroxide separately from any sample loading and elution buffers. The treatment solutions restore the resin, reversing the deterioration that is caused by the alkali metal salt in the elution buffer. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is performed before step (b) claim 1 , and step (b) is performed before step (c).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein target molecules are extracted from a plurality of samples contacted in succession with said resin claim 1 , and steps (a) claim 1 , (b) claim 1 , and (c) are performed after each of said samples is contacted with said resin.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passing an aqueous wash solution through said resin after each of steps (a) claim 1 , and (b).5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising passing an aqueous wash solution through said resin after each of steps (a) claim 3 , (b) claim 3 , and (c).6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said apatite-based chromatography resin is ceramic hydroxyapatite.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said apatite-based chromatography resin is a member selected from the group consisting of fluoroapatite and fluoride-enhanced apatite.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution of calcium ion has a calcium ion concentration of from about 10 ppm to about 2000 ppm claim 1 , and is passed through said resin in an amount of from about 1.0 resin volume to about 10.0 resin volumes.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution of calcium ion has a calcium ion concentration of from about 30 ppm to about 1000 ppm claim 1 , and is passed through said resin in an amount of from about 1.5 resin volumes to about 6.0 resin volumes.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solution of phosphate ion has a pH of from about 6.5 to about 9.0 claim 1 , has a ...

ACTIVE MATERIAL AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE AND LITHIUM-ION SECOND BATTERY USING SAME

A method for manufacturing an active material containing a triclinic LiVOPOcrystal particle that has a spherical form and an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm. The method includes a step of manufacturing the crystal particle by hydrothermal synthesis. 1. A method for manufacturing an active material containing a triclinic LiVOPOcrystal particle , the method comprising:a step of manufacturing the crystal particle by hydrothermal synthesis;wherein the crystal particle has a spherical form and an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of manufacturing the crystal particle by hydrothermal synthesis comprises:a first heat treatment step of heat-processing at least an aqueous phosphate compound solution and a vanadium-containing compound that are sealed in a closed container; anda second heat treatment step of adding an Li-containing compound to the resulting product of the first heat treatment step and further heat-processing the mixture.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crystal particle has a BET specific surface area of 2 to 50 m/g.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the crystal particle has a BET specific surface area of 2 to 50 m/g.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crystal particle has a longer to shorter diameter ratio (longer diameter/shorter diameter) of 1 to 2.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the crystal particle has a longer to shorter diameter ratio (longer diameter/shorter diameter) of 1 to 2.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the crystal particle is a longer to shorter diameter ratio (longer diameter/shorter diameter) of 1 to 2.8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the crystal particle is a longer to shorter diameter ratio (longer diameter/shorter diameter) of 1 to 2.9. A method for manufacturing a positive electrode containing an active material claim 4 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a step of manufacturing the active material by the method of .'}10. A method for ...

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY, METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME, ELECTRODE FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY

Provided is a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries, which is capable of realizing stability and safety at a high voltage, a high energy density, high load characteristics, and long-term cycle characteristics by controlling a crystal shape of LiMnPOparticles having a crystal structure very suitable for Li diffusion or controlling an average primary particle size, a production method thereof, an electrode for lithium ion batteries, and a lithium ion battery. The positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the invention is a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries, which is formed from LiMnPO. Values of lattice constants a, b, and c, which are calculated from an X-ray diffraction pattern, satisfy 10.41 Å Подробнее

ACTIVE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ACTIVE MATERIAL, ELECTRODE, LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY

A method for manufacturing an active material, capable of improving the discharge capacity of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. The method for manufacturing an active material according to the present invention includes a first step of heating a mixture solution including a lithium source, a phosphate source, a vanadium source, and water under pressure to generate a precursor in the mixture solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixture solution including the precursor to be 6 to 8; and a second step of heating the precursor at 425 to 650° C. after the first step to generate an active material. 1. A method for manufacturing an active material , comprising:a first step of heating a mixture solution including a lithium source, a phosphate source, a vanadium source, and water under pressure to generate a precursor in the mixture solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixture solution including the precursor to be 6 to 8; anda second step of heating the precursor at 425 to 650° C. after the first step to generate an active material.2. A method for manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery claim 1 , comprising a step of applying a coating including the active material obtained by the manufacturing method according to claim 1 , a binder claim 1 , a solvent claim 1 , and a conductive auxiliary agent on a current collector claim 1 , and forming an electrode including the current collector and an active material layer stacked on the current collector.3. An active material comprising β-type crystal of LiVOPO claim 1 , wherein distortion in <100> direction in the β-type crystal is 1.2% or less.4. An electrode comprising a current collector and an active material layer stacked on the current collector claim 3 , wherein the active material layer includes the active material according to .5. The electrode according to claim 4 , wherein the active material layer further includes carbon with a tap density of 0.03 to 0.09 g/ml and carbon with a tap density of 0.1 to 0.3 ...

ACTIVE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ACTIVE MATERIAL, ELECTRODE, AND LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY

An active material capable of improving the discharge capacity of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. The active material of the present invention includes LiVOPOand one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Nb, Ag, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zr, Na, K, B, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si, Be, Ti, and Mo. 1. An active material comprising:{'sub': '4', 'LiVOPO; and'}one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Nb, Ag, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zr, Na, K, B, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si, Be, Ti, and Mo.2. An electrode comprising:a current collector; andan active material layer stacked on the current collector, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the active material layer contains the active material according to and a conductive auxiliary agent.'}3. A lithium ion secondary battery comprising{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the electrode according to .'}4. A method for manufacturing an active material , comprisinga hydrothermal synthesis step of heating a mixture under pressure, the mixture including: one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Nb, Ag, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zr, Na, K, B, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si, Be, Ti, and Mo; a lithium source; a phosphate source; a vanadium source; and water. The present invention relates to an active material, a method for manufacturing an active material, an electrode, and a lithium ion secondary battery.A layered compound such as LiCoOor LiNiMnCOOor a spinel compound such as LiMnOhas conventionally been used as a positive electrode material (positive electrode active material) for a lithium ion secondary battery. In recent years, a compound with an olivine type structure typified by LiFePOhas attracted attention. It is known that the positive electrode material having the olivine structure is highly safe because of having high thermal stability at high temperature. A lithium ion secondary battery with LiFePO, however, has a drawback of having a discharging/ ...

PROCESSES AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MULTI-TRANSITION METAL-CONTAINING CATHODE MATERIALS USING MOLECULAR PRECURSORS

Processes and compositions for multi-transition metal-containing cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Processes encompass providing a composition which can be a mixture of molecular precursor compounds having the formulas [LiM(OR)] and [LiM(OR)]. The metal atoms, M, can be Ni, V, Co, Mn, or Fe, and the —OR groups can be alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkenyloxy, siloxy, phosphinate, phosphonate, and phosphate. The compositions can be converted and annealed to provide cathode materials. 1. A process for making a cathode material , the process comprising:{'sup': A(x+)', 'B(y+)', 'A', 'B, 'sub': 1+x', 'q', 'q+y, 'providing a composition comprising a mixture of molecular precursor compounds having the formulas LiM(OR)and LiM(OR), wherein Mand Mare different metal atoms and independently selected from Ni, V, Co, Mn, and Fe, x and y are the same or different and are independently selected from 2 and 3, q is independently selected from 1 and 2, and the —OR groups are independently, for each occurrence, selected from alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkenyloxy, siloxy, phosphinate, phosphonate, and phosphate; and'}converting the composition into a cathode material.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding to the mixture one or more additional molecular precursor compounds.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding to the mixture a compound of the formula LiM(OR) claim 1 , wherein Mdifferent from Mand Mand independently selected from Ni claim 1 , V claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , and Fe claim 1 , and z is the same or different as x and y and is independently selected from 2 and 3.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding to the mixture a compound of the formula LiM(OR) claim 1 , wherein Mdifferent from Mand Mand independently selected from Ni claim 1 , V claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , and Fe claim 1 , and z is the same or different as x and y and is independently selected from 2 and 3.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Nickel and lithium-containing molecular precursors for battery cathode materials

Lithium-nickel-containing molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make cathode materials with controlled stoichiometry in solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium nickel oxide, a lithium nickel phosphate, or a lithium nickel silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

COBALT AND LITHIUM-CONTAINING MOLECULAR PRECURSORS FOR BATTERY CATHODE MATERIALS

Lithium-cobalt-containing molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make stoichiometric cathode materials with solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium cobalt oxide, a lithium cobalt phosphate, or a lithium cobalt silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films. 2. The molecular precursor compound of claim 1 , further comprising a number n of coordinating species L claim 1 , having the empirical formula [LiCo(OR)].n L claim 1 , wherein n is from 0.01 to 8 claim 1 , and wherein L is selected from acetates claim 1 , ethyl acetate claim 1 , propyl acetates claim 1 , n-propyl acetate claim 1 , isopropyl acetate claim 1 , butyl acetates claim 1 , n-butyl acetate claim 1 , sec-butyl acetate claim 1 , isobutyl acetate claim 1 , t-butyl acetate claim 1 , isopentyl acetate claim 1 , 2-methylbutyl acetate claim 1 , 3-methylbutyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylbutyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,3-dimethylbutyl acetate claim 1 , 2-methylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 3-methylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 4-methylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 2-methylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 3-methylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 4-methylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 5-methylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,3-dimethylbutyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,3-dimethylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,4-dimethylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,3-dimethylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,4-dimethylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,5-dimethylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,3-dimethylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,3-dimethylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,4-dimethylhexyl acetate claim 1 , 2-ethylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 3-ethylpentyl acetate claim 1 , 2-ethylhexyl acetate claim ...

Manganese and lithium-containing molecular precursors for battery cathode materials

Lithium-manganese-containing molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make cathode materials with controlled stoichiometry in a solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium manganese oxide, a lithium manganese phosphate, or a lithium manganese silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

MOLECULAR PRECURSORS FOR LITHIUM-IRON-CONTAINING CATHODE MATERIALS

Lithium-iron molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making a cathode for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make stoichiometric cathode materials with solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium iron oxide, a lithium iron phosphate, or a lithium iron silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films. 2. The molecular precursor compound of claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the alkoxy groups are selected from methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy or 1,1-dimethylethoxy, pentoxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, aminoalkoxy —ORNRwhere R is alkyl, alkoxyalkoxy-OROR where R is alkyl, phosphatoalkoxy-ORPRwhere R is alkyl, and positional isomers and combinations thereof;'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'sub': 2', 'q, 'wherein the dialkoxy groups are —ORO— groups, wherein Rmay be a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkylene chain —(CH)—, where q is from 1 to 20;'}{'sup': 1', '1', '2', '1', '2', '2', '1', '2, 'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3, 'wherein the siloxy groups are selected from OSi(OR), —OSi(OR)R, OSi(OR)R, and —OSiR, wherein Rand Rare independently, for each occurrence, selected from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, silyl, and positional isomers and combinations thereof; and'}{'sup': 1', '1', '2', '2', '1', '2, 'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the phosphate groups are OP(O)(OR), ...

POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY, METHOD OF PREPARING SAME, AND RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING SAME

In an aspect, a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a lithium composite oxide including a Fe-containing compound phase and a Li-containing compound phase, a method of preparing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are provided. 1. A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery , comprising: {'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', '4, 'LiFePO\u2003\u2003Chemical Formula 1'}, 'a lithium composite oxide comprising Li (lithium), Fe (iron), P (phosphorus) and O (oxygen) in a ratio represented by the following Chemical Formula 1,'}wherein, 0.8≦x≦1.2, and 0.9≦y≦1.1 provided both x and y are not 1.2. The positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium composite oxide includes a Fe-containing compound phase and a Li-containing compound phase claim 1 , and a mole ratio of the Fe-containing compound phase to the Li-containing compound phase (based on moles of Fe and Li) ranges from about 0.80 to about 1.00.3. The positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery of claim 2 , wherein the Fe-containing compound phase comprises a Fe-containing compound phase claim 2 , a Fe-containing compound phase claim 2 , or a combination thereof.4. The positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery of claim 3 , wherein the Fe-containing compound phase is included in an amount of about 58 mol % to about 100 mol % based on the total amount of the Fe-containing compound phase.5. The positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery of claim 3 , wherein the Fe-containing compound phase is included in an amount of about 58 mol % to about 90 mol % based on the total amount of the Fe-containing compound phase.6. The positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the Fe-containing compound phase is included in an amount of about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total amount of the lithium composite oxide.7. The ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATHODE-ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY

The present invention provides a method for producing a cathode-active material containing an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate for a lithium secondary battery which does not need washing or sintering after hydrothermal synthesis, the method including a step in which hydrothermal synthesis is carried out by using a mixture containing HMnPOand a lithium source as a raw material to produce an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate. 1. A method for producing a cathode-active material for a lithium secondary battery , wherein the method includes a step in which hydrothermal synthesis is carried out by using a mixture containing HMnPOand a lithium source as a raw material to produce an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate.2. The method for producing a cathode-active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the group consisting of LiOH claim 1 , LiCO claim 1 , CHCOOLi claim 1 , and (COOLi)is used as the lithium source.3. The method for producing a cathode-active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature in the hydrothermal synthesis is 100° C. or more.4. The method for producing a cathode-active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a carbon source is further added to the mixture as the raw material claim 1 , and hydrothermally synthesis is carried out claim 1 , a product obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis is heated in an inert gas atmosphere claim 1 , and an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate having a carbon film on the surface thereof is produced.5. The method for producing a cathode-active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a carbon source is added to an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate which is produced by the hydrothermal synthesis claim 1 , and heated in an inert gas atmosphere claim 1 , and an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate having a carbon film on the surface thereof is produced ...

METHODS OF MAKING LOW COST ELECTRODE ACTIVE COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR SECONDARY ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERIES

In one aspect, a method of synthesizing a phosphorous active electrode composite material AMPOis disclosed. M is a first element selected from a group of transitional metals, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and others, and A is a second element selected from a group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and a mixture thereof. The method includes: forming a phosphate composite from a phosphorus source material and a first source material comprising the first element M; mixing the phosphate composite with a second source material comprising the second element A to form an intermediate mixture with A:M:P=1.03-1.1:1:1 by molar ratio; ball-milling and drying the intermediate mixture; and sintering the intermediate mixture to form the phosphorous composite active electrode material. The first source material and the metalloid source material are low cost by-products respectively obtained in other processes. 1. A method of synthesizing a phosphorous active electrode composite material AMPO , wherein M is a first element , and A is a second element , the method comprising:(a) preparing a first source material comprising the first element M and a phosphorus source material;(b) forming a phosphoric acid aqueous solution with the phosphorus source material, and adding the first source material in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution to form a first mixture;(c) drop-wisely adding a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution in the first mixture with stirring to form a second mixture, wherein the second mixture comprises a phosphate composite comprising the first element M;(d) measuring amounts of the first element M and phosphorus (P) in the second mixture, and mixing the phosphate composite in the second mixture with a second source material comprising the second element A to form an intermediate mixture, wherein the intermediate mixture is formed with A:M:P=1.03-1.1:1:1 by molar ratio;(e) adding a carbon precursor to the intermediate mixture, wherein the carbon ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY

The invention provides a method of producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, whereby it is possible to configure a lithium secondary battery in which the discharge capacity is improved and elution of lithium ions from the lithium metal phosphate is suppressed when washing the lithium metal phosphate after the same was synthesized. The method of producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes synthesizing a lithium metal phosphate represented by a composition formula LiMPO, wherein the element M represents one or two or more of transition metals selected from among Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and after the synthesis, washing the lithium metal phosphate with a washing liquid containing lithium ion. 1. A method of producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery , wherein the method comprises:{'sub': '4', 'synthesizing a lithium metal phosphate represented by a composition formula LiMPO, wherein the element M represents one or two or more of transition metals selected from Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and then'}washing the lithium metal phosphate with a washing liquid containing lithium ions.2. The method of producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a solute of the washing liquid comprises at least one of LiClO claim 1 , LiCO claim 1 , LiOH claim 1 , LiPF claim 1 , LiPO claim 1 , LiHPO claim 1 , and CHCOLi.3. The method of producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a solvent of the washing liquid is water or liquid containing water.4. The method of producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein pH of the washing liquid containing the lithium ions is in the range of from 5 to 9.5. The method of producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the washing step is carried out when the temperature of the ...

VAPOUR DEPOSITION PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CHEMICAL COMPOUND

The present invention provides a vapour deposition process for the preparation of a chemical compound, wherein the process comprises providing each component element of the chemical compound as a vapour, and co-depositing the component element vapours on a common substrate, wherein: the vapour of at least one component element is provided using a cracking source; the vapour of at least one other component element is provided using a plasma source; and at least one further component element vapour is provided; wherein the component elements react on the substrate to form the chemical compound. 1. A vapour deposition process for the preparation of a chemical compound , wherein the process comprises providing each component element of the chemical compound as a vapour , and co-depositing the component element vapours on a common substrate , wherein:the vapour of at least one component element is provided using a cracking source;the vapour of at least one other component element is provided using a plasma source; andat least one further component element vapour is provided;wherein the component elements react on the substrate to form the chemical compound.2. A vapour deposition process according to claim 1 , wherein the vapour provided using a cracking source is selected from cracked phosphorus claim 1 , cracked sulphur claim 1 , cracked arsenic claim 1 , cracked selenium claim 1 , cracked antimony and cracked tellurium.3. A vapour deposition process according to claim 2 , wherein the vapour provided using a cracking source is cracked phosphorus or cracked sulphur.4. A vapour deposition process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one other component element provided using a plasma source is selected from oxygen claim 1 , nitrogen and hydrogen.5. A vapour deposition process according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one other component element provided using a plasma source is oxygen.6. A vapour deposition process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one ...

Method of preparing positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery, positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery prepared by method, and rechargeable lithium battery including same

Disclosed is a method of preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes mixing an iron source including a carbon source, a lithium source, and a phosphoric acid source to form a positive active material precursor for a rechargeable lithium battery, the positive active material precursor including a lithium iron phosphate precursor and a carbon precursor; pulverizing the positive active material precursor for a rechargeable lithium battery; and heat-treating the pulverized positive active material precursor for a rechargeable lithium battery.

METAL PHOSPHATES AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF

A process for producing a phosphate by: introducing oxidic metal(II)-, metal(III)-metal(FV) or compounds with mixed oxide stages selected from hydroxides, oxides, oxide-hydroxides, oxide-hydrates, carbonates and hydroxide carbonates, of at least one of the metals Mn, Fe, Co and Ni with the elemental forms or alloys of at least one of the metals Mn, Fe, Co and/or Ni into an aqueous medium containing phosphoric acid, and reacting the oxidic metal compounds with elemental forms or alloys of the metals to obtain divalent metal ions, removing solid substances, producing an alkali metal phosphate receiver solution with a pH-value of 5 to 8 and metering the aqueous solution into the receiver solution and at the same time metering a basic aqueous alkali hydroxide solution that the pH-value of the resulting reaction mixture is kept in the region of 5 to 8 to precipitate the desired phosphate. 117-. (canceled)18. A process for producing a metal phosphate of the type (M1 M2 M3 . . . Mx)(PO)•a HO with 0≦a≦9 , wherein (M1 , M2 , M3 . . . Mx) represent at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn , Fe , Co , Ni , Sc , Ti , V , Cr , Cu , Zn , Be , Mg , Ca , Sr , Ba , Al , Zr , Hf , Re , Ru , La , Ce , Pr , Nd , Sm , Eu , Gd , Tb , Dy , Ho , Er , Tm , Yb and Lu , with the proviso that at least one of the metals in the phosphate is selected from Mn , Fe , Co and Ni , wherein the process comprises:a) producing an aqueous solution (I), which contains at least one or more of the metals Mn, Fe, Co and/or Ni as divalent cations, by introducing oxidic metal(II)-, metal(III)- and/or metal(IV) compounds or their mixtures or compounds with mixed oxide stages selected from hydroxides, oxides, oxide-hydroxides, oxide-hydrates, carbonates and hydroxide carbonates, of at least one of the metals Mn, Fe, Co and/or Ni together with the elementary forms or alloys of at least one of the metals Mn, Fe, Co and/or Ni into an aqueous medium containing phosphoric acid, and reacting the ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LITHIUM METAL PHOSPHATE

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing lithium metal phosphate (LMP) having, as a precursor, crystalline iron phosphate salt having a (meta)strengite structure or metal-doped crystalline iron phosphate salt having a (meta)strengite structure, the method comprising the steps of: mixing a lithium raw material with crystalline iron phosphate salt in a slurry phase or a cake phase; and heat-treating the mixture. The method, by mixing a lithium (Li) raw material and a carbon (C) coating material with crystalline iron phosphate salt in a slurry phase or a cake phase, allows elements such as Li, Fe, P and C to be homogeneously mixed, and then, by having the elements dried simultaneously, enables manufacturing of high-quality LMP. Therefore, the present invention is not only capable of providing convenience during the manufacturing process for lithium metal phosphate, but also capable of providing a lithium secondary battery positive electrode active material having excellent battery characteristics. 1. A method for manufacturing lithium metal phosphate (LMP) having the following Formula I , the method comprising:mixing a lithium raw material with a crystalline iron phosphate salt in a slurry phase or a cake phase to form a mixture; and {'br': None, 'sub': 1-n', 'n', '4, 'LiMFePO\u2003\u2003Formula I'}, 'heat-treating the mixturehere, M is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Zr, Nb, Cu, V, Ti, Zn, Al, Ga and Mg, and 0 Подробнее

MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE HYDROGELS

A hydrogel comprising a colloidal suspension of MMPtwo-dimensional nanocrystals in water, wherein Mis Na and/or Li, Mis Mg or a mixture of Mg with one or more Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and/or Mn, P is a mixture of dibasic phosphate ions (HPO) and tribasic phosphate ions (PO), X ranges from about 0.43 to about 0.63, Y ranges from about 0.10 to about 0.18, Z ranges from about 0.29 to about 0.48, X, Y, Z being mole fractions, is provided. 1. A hydrogel comprising a colloidal suspension of MMPtwo-dimensional nanocrystals in water , wherein:{'sup': I', '+', '+, 'Mis Na and/or Li,'}{'sup': II', '2+', '2+', '2+', '2+', '2+', '2+', '2+, 'Mis Mg or a mixture of Mg with one or more Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and/or Mn,'}{'sub': 4', '4, 'sup': 2−', '3−, 'P is a mixture of dibasic phosphate ions (HPO) and tribasic phosphate ions (PO),'}X ranges from about 0.43 to about 0.63,Y ranges from about 0.10 to about 0.18, andZ ranges from about 0.29 to about 0.48,X, Y, Z being mole fractions.2. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein X ranges from about 0.50 to about 0.58.3. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein Y ranges from about 0.13 to about 0.16.4. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein Z ranges from about 0.34 to about 0.37.56-. (canceled)7. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein Mis a mixture of Na and Li.8. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein Mis Mg.9. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein Mis a mixture of Mg and one or more Ni claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Fe and/or Mn.10. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein Mis a mixture of Mg and Fe.1113-. (canceled)14. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein Mis Na claim 1 , Mis Mg claim 1 , X is 0.53 claim 1 , Y is 0.13 claim 1 , and Z is 0.34.1518-. (canceled)19. The hydrogel of claim 1 , having a pH between about 9 and about 11.20. The hydrogel of claim 1 , comprising between about 5% and about 15% by weight of MMP claim 1 , based on the total weight of the gel.21. The hydrogel of claim 1 , comprising between about 85% and about 95% of water by weight based on the total weight of the gel. ...

Solid-state electrolyte and all-solid-state battery

A solid-state electrolyte having a NaSICON-type crystal structure represented by a general formula Li1+XMy(PO4)3, in which a part of P may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, B, and V; M includes at least one element selected from a monovalent cation to a tetravalent cation, x is −0.200 to 0.900, and y is 2.001 to 2.200.

ORTHOPHOSPHATE ELECTRODES FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

The orthophosphate electrodes for rechargeable batteries include an anode and a cathode, each formed from an orthophosphate material, for use in a conventional electrolytic cell-type rechargeable battery. The orthophosphate anode is an anode formed from an orthophosphate material having the formula ATB(PO)3, and the orthophosphate cathode is a cathode formed from an orthophosphate material having the formula ATB(PO), where A represents an alkali metal and T and B each represent a transition metal. The alkali metal may be lithium (Li) sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), monovalent cations thereof, or combinations thereof and each transition metal may be titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), or combinations thereof. The transition metal may be a divalent or trivalent transition metal 1. An orthophosphate anode for rechargeable batteries , comprising an anode formed from an orthophosphate material having the formula ATB(PO) , where A represents an alkali metal and T and B represent different transition metals.2. The orthophosphate anode for rechargeable batteries as recited in claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal A comprises at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li) claim 1 , sodium (Na) claim 1 , potassium (K) claim 1 , rubidium (Rb) claim 1 , cesium (Cs) claim 1 , and monovalent cations thereof.3. The orthophosphate anode for rechargeable batteries as recited in claim 2 , wherein the transition metal T comprises at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) claim 2 , vanadium (V) claim 2 , chromium (Cr) claim 2 , manganese (Mn) claim 2 , iron (Fe) claim 2 , cobalt (Co) claim 2 , nickel (Ni) claim 2 , and copper (Cu).4. The orthophosphate anode for rechargeable batteries as recited in claim 3 , wherein the transition metal B comprises at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of titanium ...

PREPARATION OF AN ELECTRODE-ACTIVE MATERIAL USING DECOMPRESSION EQUIPMENT

An apparatus for preparing an electrode-active material, comprising a reactor that produces the electrode-active material by using a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal synthesis method; and decompression equipment that decreases the pressure of a fluid containing the electrode-active material. The decompression equipment includes a pipe-type or a tube-type decompressor. 1. An apparatus for preparing an electrode-active material , comprising:a reactor that produces the electrode-active material by using a hydrothermal synthesis method; anddecompression equipment that decreases the pressure of a fluid containing the electrode-active material,wherein the decompression equipment includes a pipe-type or a tube-type decompressor.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the decompression equipment decreases the pressure of the fluid at 230 to 300 bars down to 100 bars or less.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is at a pressure of from 150 to 700 bars and a temperature of from 200 to 700° C.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pipe-type and the tube-type decompressor reduce the pressure of the fluid at a rate of 0.09 to 50 bars per meter.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pipe-type and the tube-type decompressor include a combination of a plurality of pipes or a combination of a plurality of tubes.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the decompressor equipment includes a pressure control valve.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the pressure control valve is positioned at the front of claim 6 , at the rear of claim 6 , or in the middle of the pipe-type or the tube-type decompressor.8. A method for preparing an electrode-active material claim 6 , comprising:forming the electrode-active material by using a hydrothermal synthesis method; and reducing the pressure of a fluid containing the electrode-active material by using decompression equipment, wherein the decompression equipment includes a pipe-type or a tube-type decompressor.9. The ...

Positive electrode for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including same

In an aspect, a positive electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery including a current collector, a positive active material layer disposed on the current collector, and a coating layer disposed on the positive active material layer is disclosed.

UV-EMITTING PHOSPHOR, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND UV EXCITATION LIGHT SOURCE

A UV excitation light source comprises a phosphor. The phosphor contains ScYPOcrystals (wherein 0 plane measured by an X-ray diffractometer using CuKα rays is 0.25° or less.4. A method for producing the UV emitting phosphor according to claim 1 , comprising:preparing a mixture containing an oxide of yttrium (Y), an oxide of scandium (Sc), phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and a liquid;vaporizing the liquid; andfiring the mixture.5. The method for producing the UV emitting phosphor according to claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , in the preparing claim 4 , a mixing proportion of the oxide of Sc without the phosphoric acid and the phosphoric acid compound is 1.2% by mass or more and 47.8% by mass or less.6. The method for producing the UV emitting phosphor according to claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , in the third step firing claim 4 , a firing temperature is set to 1050° C. or higher.7. A UV excitation light source comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the UV emitting phosphor according to ; and'}a light source configured to irradiate the UV emitting phosphor with UV light having the first wavelength. The present ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LITHIUM METAL PHOSPHATE

Method for the production of lithium metal phosphate, wherein a dry mixture containing a lithium compound, a metal compound, wherein the metal is selected from Fe, Mn and mixtures thereof, and a phosphate is provided, the dry mixture is converted to LiMPOand the LiMPOis wet ground by adding water and lithium polyacrylate and dried. 1. Method for the production of lithium metal phosphate , comprising the steps:providing a dry mixture containing a lithium compound, a metal compound, wherein the metal is selected from Fe, Mn and mixtures thereof, and a phosphate,{'sub': '4', 'converting the dry mixture to LiMPO,'}{'sub': '4', 'wet grinding the LiMPOby adding water and lithium polyacrylate,'}drying.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the conversion takes place by grinding the dry mixture and tempering the ground dry mixture.3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein lithium dihydrogen phosphate is used as the lithium compound.4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein manganese carbonate claim 1 , iron oxalate or a mixture of manganese carbonate and iron oxalate are used as the metal compound.5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein particulate carbon claim 1 , preferably soot claim 1 , is added to the dry mixture.6. Method according to claim 2 , wherein the grinding of the dry mixture is carried out in a Planetary Mono Mill with ZrOballs claim 2 , preferably having a diameter ranging from 1.5 to 3 mm claim 2 , particularly preferably a diameter of 2 mm.7. Method according to claim 2 , wherein the grinding of the dry mixture takes place over at least 6 grinding sequences claim 2 , wherein one grinding sequence comprises 12 to 20 minutes of grinding duration and a pause of approximately 5 minutes.8. Method according to claim 2 , wherein the tempering of the dry mixture takes place in a protective gas atmosphere claim 2 , particularly preferably in an Nand/or Hprotective gas atmosphere claim 2 , at a temperature ranging from 250° C. to 500° C. claim 2 , preferably at 300 ...

Complexometric Precursor Formulation Methodology for Industrial Production of Fine and Ultrafine Powders and Nanopowders of Lithium Metal Oxides for Battery Applications

A compound MXwhich is particularly suitable for use in a battery prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein: Mis at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j is an integer representing the moles of said positive ion per moles of said MX; and X, a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p is an integer representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said MX. 127-. (canceled)28. A compound MXprepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein:{'sub': j', 'j', 'p, 'Mis at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said MX; and'}{'sub': p', 'j', 'p, 'X, a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p represents the moles of said negative anion per mole of said MX.'}29. The compound MXprepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of wherein said Mcomprises Mand Mand wherein Mis lithium and Mis a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 28 , Mn claim 28 , Co claim 28 , Ni and V.30. The compound MXprepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Ni claim 29 , Mn and Co.31. The compound MXprepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of further comprising a dopant.32. The compound MXprepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline earth metals claim 31 , Group IIIA claim 31 , IVA and transition metals.33. The compound MXprepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of comprising up to 10 ...

NANOSCALE PORE STRUCTURE CATHODE FOR HIGH POWER APPLICATIONS AND MATERIAL SYNTHESIS METHODS

A lithium iron phosphate electrochemically active material for use in an electrode and methods and systems related thereto are disclosed. In one example, a lithium iron phosphate electrochemically active material for use in an electrode is provided including, a dopant comprising vanadium and optionally a co-dopant comprising cobalt. 120-. (canceled)21. A method to form lithium iron phosphate electrochemically active material for use in an electrode in an electrochemical energy storage device , comprising:(a) mixing a vanadium dopant source, a lithium source, a carbon source, an iron phosphate source with an iron content of at least 28 wt. % and a phosphate to iron molar ratio of 1.000-1.040:1, and optionally a co-dopant in a solvent to form a slurry;(b) milling the slurry;(c) drying the milled slurry to form a lithium iron phosphate precursor powder; and(d) firing the dried milled slurry to obtain the lithium iron phosphate electrochemically active material, wherein the lithium iron phosphate electrochemically active material comprises the vanadium dopant and/or co-dopant partially substituting the Fe in a crystal lattice structure, a phosphate to iron molar ratio of 1.000-1.050:1, and a total non-lithium metal to phosphate molar ratio of 1.000-1.040:1.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the lithium iron phosphate electrochemically active material has a surface area greater than about 25 m/g claim 21 , a tap density within a range of 1.0-1.4 g/mL claim 21 , FCC greater than 150 mAh/g claim 21 , and a 10 C discharge capacity greater than 140 mAh/g.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the vanadium dopant is contributed by an oxyanion precursor species such as an oxide claim 21 , carbonate claim 21 , oxalate claim 21 , phosphate or other such source for which the vanadium is considered the cation.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the vanadium dopant source is vanadium phosphate (VPO) claim 23 , ammonium metavanadate (NHVO) claim 23 , or a combination thereof.25. ...

REACTOR APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR FINES CONTROL

Methods and apparatus for precipitating dissolved materials from a solution involve reduction of fines. In an embodiment, the method comprises: introducing a solution into a reactor, causing the dissolved materials in the solution to precipitate into crystals under a first reaction condition, adjusting the reaction condition from the first reaction condition to a second reaction condition, maintaining the reaction condition in the second reaction condition to cause a sub-population of the crystals to dissolve, and adjusting the reaction condition from the second reaction condition to the first reaction condition. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a reaction tank, a recycling path and at least an acid injector which is configured for dosing an acid into solution flow in the recycling path. 1. A method for precipitating dissolved materials from a solution , the method comprising:(a) introducing the solution containing the dissolved materials into a reactor,(b) causing the dissolved materials in the solution to precipitate into crystals under first reaction conditions,(c) adjusting the reaction condition in the reactor or in a portion of the reactor from the first reaction conditions to second reaction conditions,(d) maintaining the second reaction conditions in the reactor or in a portion of the reactor for a period of time sufficient to cause a sub-population of the crystals to dissolve,(e) adjusting the reaction condition in the reactor or in a portion of the reactor from the second reaction conditions to the first reaction conditions.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first reaction condition is a reaction condition wherein the rate of dissolved materials in the solution precipitating into crystals (R) is greater than the rate of crystals dissolving into solution (R) claim 1 , and wherein the second reaction condition is a reaction condition wherein the rate of dissolved materials in the solution precipitating into crystals (R) is less than ...

APATITE CRYSTAL

An apatite crystal is a single crystal expressed by a general formula (M)(PO)X. In this formula, Mindicates at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of bivalent alkaline-earth metals and Eu, and X indicates at least one type of element or molecule selected from the group consisting of halogen elements and OH. And the single crystal is of a tubular shape. The outer shape of the apatite may be a hexagonal prism. The shape of an opening of a hole formed in the upper surface or lower surface of the hexagonal prism may be a hexagon. 1. An apatite crystal , wherein the apatite crystal is a single crystal expressed by a general formula (M)(PO)X where Mindicates at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of bivalent alkaline-earth metals and Eu , and X indicates at least one type of element or molecule selected from the group consisting of halogen elements and OH , andwherein the single crystal is of a tubular shape.2. An apatite crystal according to claim 1 , where an outer shape of the apatite is a hexagonal prism claim 1 , and a shape of an opening of a hole formed in an upper surface or lower surface of the hexagonal prism is a hexagon.3. An apatite according to claim 2 , wherein an inside diameter of the hole is in a range of 10 nm to 60 μm.4. An apatite according to claim 1 , wherein a diameter of the apatite is in a range of 20 nm to 100 μm.5. An apatite according to claim 1 , wherein a length of the apatite in a longitudinal direction thereof is in a range of 50 nm to 4 mm.6. An apatite according to claim 1 , wherein a transmittance of the apatite relative to a visible light is greater than or equal to 65%.7. An apatite according to claim 2 , wherein a diameter of the apatite is in a range of 20 nm to 100 μm.8. An apatite according to claim 3 , wherein a diameter of the apatite is in a range of 20 nm to 100 μm.9. An apatite according to claim 2 , wherein a length of the apatite in a longitudinal direction thereof is in a ...

Cathode active material, cathode, and nonaqueous secondary battery

Provided is a cathode active material which is superior in safety and cost and makes it possible to provide a nonaqueous secondary battery having a long life. The cathode active material has a composition represented by the following formula (1): LiMn 1-x M x P 1-y Al y O 4   (1) (wherein M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Zr, Sn and Y, x is in a range of 0<x≦0.5, and y is in a range of 0<y≦0.25).

CATHODE MATERIAL WITH OXYGEN VACANCY AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS THEREOF

A cathode material with oxygen vacancy is provided. The cathode material includes a lithium metal phosphate compound having a general formula LiMPO, wherein M represents at least one of a first-row transition metal, and 0.001≦z≦0.05. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. A process of manufacturing a cathode material with oxygen vacancy , the process comprising steps of:{'sub': '3', 'sup': 'n−', 'providing a lithium metal phosphate raw material, wherein the lithium metal phosphate raw material is a mixture of a lithium-containing first material, a metal-containing second material and a phosphate-containing third material, wherein 0.1˜5 mol % of phosphate in the third material is substituted by an anionic group [XO];'}allowing the first material, the second material and the third material to carry out a dry processing reaction or a wet processing reaction; andthermally treating the first material, the second material and the third material by sintering, so that a lithium metal phosphate compound with oxygen vacancy is produced.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein X=P claim 4 , S claim 4 , N claim 4 , and 1≦n≦3.6. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the anionic group [XO] represents PO claim 4 , SO or NO.7. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the first material is lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate.8. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the second material is iron powder claim 4 , ferric oxalate or ferrous chloride.9. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the third material contains phosphoric acid as a phosphate source and a phosphite organic compound for substituting the phosphate.10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the phosphite organic compound is phosphite ester or organophosphate.11. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the phosphite organic compound includes but is not limited to isopropyl-idene-diphenol-phosphite ester resin12. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the third material contains ...

ALL-SOLID SECONDARY BATTERY

A solid electrolyte according to an embodiment includes a lithium-containing phosphoric acid compound with a cubic crystal structure. 1. A solid electrolyte comprising:a lithium-containing phosphoric acid compound with a cubic crystal structure.2. The solid electrolyte according to claim 1 , {'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', 'w', '3-w', '12, 'LiM1M2M3PO\u2003\u2003(1),'}, 'wherein the lithium-containing phosphoric acid compound which is a cubic crystal that is included in the solid electrolyte is represented asFormula (1) satisfies 0 Подробнее

METHOD FOR PREPARING LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE NANOPOWDER

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a triethanolamine solvent, and (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 1 bar to 10 bar, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared by the method. When compared to a common hydrothermal synthesis method, a supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method and a glycothermal synthesis method, a reaction may be performed under a relatively lower pressure. Thus, a high temperature/high pressure reactor is not necessary and process safety and economic feasibility may be secured. In addition, a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder having uniform particle size and effectively controlled particle size distribution may be easily prepared. 1. A method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a triethanolamine solvent; and(b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 1 bar to 10 bar.2. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , further comprising the step of (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder thus prepared to form a coating layer at a portion or a whole of a surface of an individual particle of the nanopowder.3. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared in Step (b) is sequentially conducted a washing step and a drying step.4. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein Step (b) is performed at a temperature less than or equal to a boiling point of the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE NANOPOWDER

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent, and (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 10 bar to 100 bar, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared by the method. When compared to a common hydrothermal synthesis method and a supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method, a reaction may be performed under a relatively lower pressure. When compared to a common glycothermal synthesis method, a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder having effectively controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be easily prepared. 1. A method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent; and(b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 10 bar to 100 bar.2. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , further comprising the step of (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder thus prepared to form a coating layer at a portion or a whole of a surface of an individual particle of the nanopowder.3. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared in Step (b) is sequentially sequentially conducted a washing step and a drying step.4. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein Step (b) is performed at a temperature less than or equal to a boiling point of the glycerol solvent.5. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein Step (b) is ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE NANOPOWDER

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a triethanolamine solvent, and (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 10 bar to 100 bar, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared by the method. When compared to a common hydrothermal synthesis method and a supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method, a reaction may be performed under a relatively lower pressure. When compared to a common glycothermal synthesis method, a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder having effectively controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be easily prepared. 1. A method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a triethanolamine solvent; and(b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 10 bar to 100 bar.2. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , further comprising the step of (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder thus prepared to form a coating layer at a portion or a whole of a surface of an individual particle of the nanopowder.3. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared in Step (b) is sequentially conducted a washing step and a drying step.4. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein Step (b) is performed at a temperature less than or equal to a boiling point of the triethanolamine solvent.5. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein Step (b) ...

Pure iron containing compound

The present invention relates to a method of producing an iron containing compound, iron containing precursor, or iron containing aqueous solution comprising the steps of: providing direct reduced iron; dissolving the direct reduced iron in organic and/or inorganic acids to provide an iron containing aqueous solution, wherein insoluble impurities of the direct reduced iron are maintained in solid form throughout the dissolution process, to obtain an iron containing aqueous solution with suspended insoluble impurities; separating the said insoluble impurities from the iron containing aqueous solution obtaining a purified iron containing aqueous solution; and optionally solidifying said purified iron containing aqueous solution to provide the iron containing compound or iron containing precursor, by drying. The present invention further relates to iron containing compounds, iron containing precursors, and iron containing aqueous solutions, and their use in battery components.

DELITHIATION OF CARBON FREE OLIVINE BY ADDITION OF CARBON

Here are described methods for the delithiation of carbon-free olivines, for instance, by the addition of an external carbon source in the presence of an oxidizing agent, e.g. a persulfate. 1. A process for the delithiation of carbon-free olivine , comprising a step of contacting the carbon-free olivine with a source of carbon in the presence of an oxidizing agent to obtain a delithiated olivine.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-free olivine is of the formula LiMPOwhere M is Fe claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-free olivine is of the formula LiFeM′POwhere M′ is Ni claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , and wherein 0≤x<1.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein M′ is Mn claim 3 , and wherein 0≤x<1.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein x is selected from the range of 0.1 to 0.9.6. The process of claim 3 , wherein x is 0.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is a persulfate.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the oxidizing agent is potassium or sodium persulfate.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the oxidizing agent is sodium persulfate (NaSO).10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the source of carbon is selected from carbon black claim 1 , acetylene black claim 1 , Ketjen Black® claim 1 , Denka™ black claim 1 , Super P™ carbon claim 1 , carbon fibers claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , and any mixture thereof.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out in water or an aqueous solvent.12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the addition of a surfactant.13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the surfactant is an alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactant.14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of carbon source to olivine is between 0.05% and 10%.15. A delithiated olivine prepared by a process according to . This application claims priority to U.S. provisional ...

RENEWABLE FLAME-RETARDANT COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM MUCONIC ACID

A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The flame-retardant compound includes at least one muconic acid moiety and at least one phosphorus-based moiety. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer includes obtaining a muconic acid compound, obtaining a muconic acid compound, reacting the muconic acid compound with the phosphorus compound to form a flame-retardant compound, and incorporating the flame-retardant compound into a polymer. The article of manufacture comprises a material that contains a flame-retardant compound derived from muconic acid. 1. A flame-retardant compound , comprising:at least one moiety derived from muconic acid; andat least one phosphorus-based moiety.4. The flame-retardant compound of claim 1 , wherein the at least one phosphorus-based moiety includes an alkyl substituent and a functional group selected from a group consisting of an epoxy functional group claim 1 , an allyl functional group claim 1 , and a propylene carbonate functional group.5. The flame-retardant compound of claim 1 , wherein the at least one phosphorus-based moiety includes a thioether-linked substituent.6. A process of forming a flame-retardant polymer claim 1 , comprising:obtaining a phosphorus compound;obtaining a muconic acid compound;reacting the muconic acid compound with the phosphorus compound to form a flame-retardant compound; andincorporating the flame-retardant compound into a polymer.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein obtaining the muconic acid compound comprises:obtaining muconic acid from a bio-based source; andreacting the muconic acid to form a derivative of muconic acid, wherein the derivative of muconic acid includes at least one hydroxyl group.9. The process of claim 6 , further comprising reacting the flame-retardant compound with a thiol compound to produce thioether-linked substituents.10. The process of claim 6 , further comprising reacting the flame- ...

Cubic Ionic Conductor Ceramics for Alkali Ion Batteries

The present disclosure relates to novel compositions, electrodes, electrochemical storage devices (batteries) and ionic conduction devices that use cubic ionic conductor (“CUBICON”) compounds, such as nitridophosphate compounds. The cubic ionic conductor compound have a framework formula [MTX] (1) and a general formula AMTX(2), where M is a cation in octahedral coordination, T is a cation in tetrahedral coordination, X is an anion, and the framework has a net negative charge of −n, a net charge of +n. The framework of this class of compounds can accept excess ions. 1. An electrode , comprising: [{'br': None, 'sub': 3', '10, 'sup': 'n−', '[MTX]\u2003\u2003(1)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': x', '3', '10, 'AMTX\u2003\u2003(2)'}], 'a cubic ionic conductor compound having a framework of formula (1) with a general chemical formula (2)'}where M is a cation in octahedral coordination, T is a cation in tetrahedral coordination, X is an anion, n is a net charge of the framework between 0 and 16, A is a variable number of additional non-framework chemical species that can fit into an open space within the framework with a net charge of +n, and x is less than 10,{'sub': 3', '10', '4', '6', '6', '3', '10', '4', '3', '10, 'wherein a TXtrimer of three TXtetrahedra share one common X anion, organized around an octahedral MXsite such that each MXoctahedron is connected to three different TXtrimers by two bridging X anions connected to two different TXtetrahedra within the TXtrimer and wherein the framework can accept excess ions.'}23-. (canceled)4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein A species is a monopositive cation.5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein A is loosely bound and can move through an electrode lattice.6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from wholly or partially mobile cations (A) claim 1 , or a combination of partially mobile and partially immobile cations (AA).7. The electrode of claim 6 , wherein Ais Li present within the framework at about 90% or more.8. ( ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LITHIUM TITANIUM PHOSPHATE

An X-ray diffractometrically single-phase lithium titanium phosphate can be obtained by an industrially advantageous method. Provided is a method for producing the lithium titanium phosphate having a NASICON structure represented by the following general formula (1): LiM(TiA)(PO)(1), and provided is a method comprising a first step of preparing a raw material mixed slurry () comprising, at least, titanium dioxide, phosphoric acid and a surfactant, a second step of heat treating the raw material mixed slurry () to obtain a raw material heat-treated slurry (), a third step of mixing the raw material heat-treated slurry () with a lithium source to obtain a lithium-containing raw material heat-treated slurry (), a fourth step of subjecting the lithium-containing raw material heat-treated slurry () to a spray drying treatment to obtain a reaction precursor containing, at least, Ti, P and Li, and a fifth step of firing the reaction precursor. 211. The method for producing a lithium titanium phosphate according to claim 1 , wherein in the first step () claim 1 , an M source (M denotes one or two or more divalent or trivalent metal elements selected from Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Y claim 1 , La claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , In and Co) and/or an A source (A denotes one or two or more tetravalent or pentavalent metal elements selected from Ge claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , V claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Sn and Si) are further contained in the raw material mixed slurry ().323. The method for producing a lithium titanium phosphate according to claim 1 , wherein the heat-treated slurry () or the lithium-containing heat-treated slurry () is further mixed with an M source (M denotes one or two or more divalent or trivalent metal elements selected from Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Y claim 1 , La claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , In and Co) and/or an A source (A denotes one or two or more tetravalent or pentavalent ...

METHOD FOR SEPARATING INDIVIDUAL CATHODE-ACTIVE MATERIALS FROM LI-ION BATTERIES

Method of separating individual cathode active materials from a mixture of cathode active materials by froth flotation has been developed. They are based on using appropriate chemical reagents that selectively hydrophobize individual cathode active materials to be recovered, so that they can be collected by air bubbles used in flotation and separated from other mixtures. The chemical reagents are amphiphilic molecules with specialized head groups have a strong affinity to metal elements on surfaces of cathode materials. This method enables a separation of individual cathode active material from a mixture of cathode active materials. 1. A method of processing lithium-ion batteries comprising:forming a cathode composite slurry comprising a liquid and 1-20 wt % of two or more cathode materials;modifying at least one of the two or more cathode materials to be hydrophobic;adding a frother chemical to the cathode composite slurry;aerating the cathode composite slurry, forming a froth and a tailing;separating the froth; anddrying the froth to collect a first cathode material of the two or more cathode materials.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode composite slurry has a pH of 7-12.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying at least one of the two or more cathode materials comprises interaction of the at least one of the two or more cathode materials with a collector chemical.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collector chemical is a chelating agent.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of N—O claim 3 , O—O claim 3 , S—N claim 3 , S—S claim 3 , and N—N.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein aerating comprises forming air bubbles with diameters less than 1 mm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein aerating comprises bubbling inert gas or air at a rate of 1-5 liters per minute per 1 liter of cathode composite slurry for 5 to 20 minutes.8. The method of wherein the frother comprises methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) ...

Preparation method of battery composite material and precursor thereof

A preparation method of a battery composite material includes steps of providing phosphoric acid, iron powder, a carbon source and a first reactant, processing a reaction of the phosphoric acid and the iron powder to produce a first product, calcining the first product to produce a precursor, among which the formula of the precursor is written by Fe 7 (PO 4 ) 6 , and processing a reaction of the precursor, the carbon source and the first reactant to get a reaction mixture and calcining the reaction mixture to produce the battery composite material. As a result, the present invention achieves the advantages of reducing grind time of fabricating processes, so that the prime cost, the time cost, and the difficulty of fabricating are reduced.

METHOD FOR PREPARING LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE NANOPOWDER

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent, and (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 1 bar to 10 bar, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared by the method. When compared to a common hydrothermal synthesis method, a supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method and a glycothermal synthesis method, a reaction may be performed under a relatively lower pressure. Thus, a high temperature/high pressure reactor is not necessary and process safety and economic feasibility may be secured. In addition, a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder having uniform particle size and effectively controlled particle size distribution may be easily prepared. 1. A method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent; and(b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 1 bar to 10 bar.2. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , further comprising the step of (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder thus prepared to form a coating layer at a portion or a whole of a surface of an individual particle of the nanopowder.3. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared in Step (b) is sequentially conducted a washing step and a dring step.4. The method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder of claim 1 , wherein Step (b) is performed at a temperature less than or equal to a boiling point of the glycerol ...

Polyoxometalates Comprising Noble Metals and Corresponding Metal Clusters

The invention relates to poly oxometalates represented by the formula (A){M′[M″MXORH]} or solvates thereof, corresponding supported poly-oxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal-clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate. 118.-. (canceled)20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein all M′ are the same claim 19 , and all M′ are different from M;wherein M is Pd, M′ is Ag, X is P, and s is 4 or 5; andwherein z and q are 0.21. The composition of claim 19 ,wherein said substituent group R bonded to X via a carbon atom of said substituent group is selected from the group consisting of:alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl; wherein each of said substituent groups may be unsubstituted or substituted;{'sub': '3', 'sup': 2', '2', '2', '3, 'and each of said substituent groups optionally may contain one or more heteroatoms resulting in hetero-alkyl, hetero-cycloalkyl, hetero-alkenyl, hetero-cycloalkenyl, hetero-alkynyl, and hetero-aryl; and —CF, —CN, —C(O)OR, —C(O)R, and —C(O)NRR;'}{'sup': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'said substituent group R bonded to X via an oxygen atom of said substituent group, is selected from the group consisting of —OR, —O(SO)R, —O(SO)R, —O(SO)OR, —O(SO)OR, —OS(O)NRR, —OS(O)NRR, —OPO(OR), —OPO(OR)OR, —OPO(R)OR, —OC(O)OR, —OC(O)NRR, and —OC(O)R;'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2, 'sup': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'the substituent group R bonded to X via a sulphur atom of said substituent group, is selected from the group consisting of —SOR, —SR, —S(O)R, —S(O)R, —S(O)OR, —S(O)NRR, and —S(O)NRR; and'}{'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '2', '3 ...

Process For The Manufacture Of Lithium Metal Oxide Cathode Materials

An improved process is provided for forming a precursor to a lithium metal oxide. An improved lithium metal oxide formed by calcining the precursor is also provided. The process includes providing lithium bicarbonate in a first aqueous mixture. The lithium bicarbonate is then reacted with metal acetate thereby forming a second aqueous mixture comprising metal carbonate, lithium acetate, acetic acid and water wherein the acetic acid is neutralized with lithium hydroxide thereby forming a first mixture comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate. The first mixture is separated into a second mixture and a third mixture wherein the second mixture comprises the metal carbonate and a first portion of lithium acetate with metal carbonate and lithium acetate being in a predetermined molar ratio. The third mixture comprises a second portion of lithium acetate. The second mixture is dried thereby forming the precursor comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate in the predetermined molar ratio. 1. A process for forming a precursor to a lithium metal oxide comprising:providing lithium bicarbonate in a first aqueous mixture;reacting said lithium bicarbonate with metal acetate thereby forming a second aqueous mixture comprising metal carbonate, lithium acetate, acetic acid and water;neutralizing said acetic acid in said second aqueous mixture with lithium hydroxide thereby forming a third mixture comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate;separating said third mixture into a fourth mixture and a fifth mixture wherein said fourth mixture comprises said metal carbonate and a first portion of said lithium acetate with said metal carbonate and said lithium acetate being in a predetermined molar ratio, and said fifth mixture comprises a second portion of said lithium acetate; anddrying said fourth mixture thereby forming said precursor comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate in said predetermined molar ratio.2. The process for forming a precursor to a lithium metal ...

A coordination zirconium phosphotungstate catalyst and its application in catalytic hydrogenation of furfural

The invention discloses a coordination type zirconium phosphotungstate catalyst and its application in catalytic hydrogenation of furfural, belonging to the field of heterogeneous catalysis. The zirconium phosphotungstate catalyst prepared by the invention not only has good catalytic effect on the conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, but also has mild reaction conditions. The yield of solid line furfuryl alcohol can be 98% if it can be reacted for 1 h at 120 ° C., and the amount of catalyst is less, which greatly reduces the energy consumption in the prior art. In addition, the zirconium phosphotungstate prepared by the invention is easy to separate, has good stability for catalyzing the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, and is a new, efficient and green catalyst. 1. method of making a coordination type zirconium phosphotungstate catalyst comprising: dissolving phosphotungstic acid and ZrClin DMF respectively to obtain phosphotungstic acid solution and ZrClsolution; after ultrasonic treatment , adding phosphotungstic acid solution drop by drop into ZrClsolution within 5-30 min; after uniform mixing , adding triethylamine; then reacting at room temperature for 3-6 hours; aging more than 4 hours; washing for 1-3 times with DMF , methanol , and anhydrous ether respectively; and drying in vacuum at 70-100° C. for more than 8 hours.2. The according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the phosphotungstate and ZrClis 3:1˜1:3.3. The method according to the concentration of the phosphotungstate solution is (0.05-0.15) mol/L claim 1 , and the concentration of the ZrClsolution is (0.05-0.15) mol/L.4. The method according to the ultrasonic treatment time is 5 to 30 minutes.5. A coordination type zirconium phosphotungstate catalyst prepared by the method according .6. A method for preparing furfuryl alcohol by catalytic hydrogenation of furfural comprising hydrogenating the furfural in presence of the coordination zirconium phosphotungstate of as a ...

LITHIUM ION-CONDUCTING SOLID ELECTROLYTE AND SOLID-STATE LITHIUM ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

A lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte containing at least one metallic element selected from the group made of Zn, Ca, Mg, and Cu within a range of 0.01% by mass to 3.0% by mass, and a solid-state lithium ion rechargeable battery containing this lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte. 1. A lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte , which is a compound having a polyanion , containing at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Zn , Ca , Mg , and Cu within a range of 0.01% by mass to 3.0% by mass; andthe metallic element is incorporated into a host crystal of the lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte.2. The lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the metallic element is within a range of 0.05% by mass to 2.0% by mass.3. The lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte according to claim 1 , further containing Li within a range of 1.0% by mass to 2.5% by mass claim 1 , Al within a range of 0.1% by mass to 3.0% by mass claim 1 , Ti within a range of 15.0% by mass to 35.0% by mass claim 1 , and P within a range of 15.0% by mass to 35.0% by mass.4. The lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein a content of Li is within a range of 1.4% by mass to 2.0% by mass claim 3 , a content of Al is within a range of 0.3% by mass to 1.5% by mass claim 3 , a content of Ti is within a range of 20.0% by mass to 28.0% by mass claim 3 , and a content of P is within a range of 20.0% by mass to 30.0% by mass.5. The lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte according to claim 1 , which has the same crystal structure as a compound having a NASICON-type crystal structure.6. The lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte according to claim 5 , wherein the compound having the NASICON-type crystal structure is lithium titanium phosphate.7. The lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte according to claim 3 ,wherein the lithium titanium phosphate is a metal-substituted lithium titanium phosphate in ...

PHOSPHATE BASED COMPOUND, USE OF THE COMPOUND IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICE AND METHODS FOR ITS PREPARATION

A phosphate based compound basically comprising —A: exchangeable cations used in charging and discharging, e.g. Li, Na, K, Ag, —B: non-exchangeable cations from the transition metals, group 3-12 of the periodic table of elements, e.g. Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ti, V, Cu, Sc, —C: 60 Mol-%-90 Mol-%, preferably 75 Mol-% of the compound being phosphate (PO)anions, where oxygen is or may be partially substituted by a halide (e.g. F, Cl) and/or OH to a maximum concentration of 10 Mol-% of the oxygen of the anions and wherein said (PO)coordination polyhedra may be partially substituted by one or more of: SiOsilicate, BOborate, COcarbonate, HO water up to a maximum amount of <31 Mol-% of the anions, said compound being in crystalline form and having open elongate channels extending through the unit cell of the structure and with the compound being present either in single crystal form or as an anisotropic microcrystalline or nanocrystalline material. The phosphate based compound is used as an electroactive material, for example as a cathode, an anode or a separator in an ion battery or electrochemical storage device or electrochemical cell. 118-. (canceled)19. Use of a phosphate based compound as an electroactive material , the phosphate based compound comprising: elements of Group 1 of the periodic table of elements,', 'elements of Group 2 of the periodic table of elements,', 'elements of Group 13 of the periodic table of elements,', 'elements of the group of transition metals, Groups 3-12 of the periodic table of elements,', 'elements of Group 14 of the periodic table of elements,, 'wherein up to 25 Mol-% of the compound may be present in each of the following categories, 'A: extractable cations used in charging and discharging and being at least one of Li, Na, K and Ag,'} elements of Group 1 of the periodic table of elements,', 'elements of Group 2 of the periodic table of elements,', 'elements of Group 13 of the periodic table of elements,', 'elements of the group of transition ...

LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATE SECONDARY AGGLOMERATES AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE

A Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate compound of formula LiFeMPO) in the form of secondary particles made of agglomerates of spherical primary particles wherein the primary particles have a size in the range of 0.02-2 pm and the secondary particles a mean size in the range of 10-40 pm and a BET surface of 16-40 m/g, a process for its manufacture and the use thereof. 127-. (canceled)28. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate compound of formula LiFeM(PO) with x≦0.3 and 0≦y≦1 and M is a metal or semimetal or mixtures thereof in the form of secondary particles made of agglomerates of spherical primary particles , wherein the primary particles have a size in the range of 0.02-2 μm and the secondary particles have a mean size (d) of 5-40 μm and a BET surface of 16-40 m/g and wherein the lithium-transition-metal-phosphate has a tap density of 1250-1600 g/l.29. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a bulk porosity of 65-80%.30. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a tap porosity of 55-65%.31. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a bulk density of 750-1250 g/l.32. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a press density of 2000-2800 g/l.33. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to which is LiFePO claim 28 , LiMnPOor LiFeMnPO.34. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to wherein the primary particles have a conductive carbon deposit on at least a part of the surface of the primary particles.35. Process for the manufacture of a Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to comprising the following steps:{'sub': 0.9+x', '1-y', 'y', '4, 'a) providing LiFeM(PO) in particle form,'}b) preparing an aqueous suspension and—optionally—adding a carbon precursor compound,c) subjecting the aqueous suspension to a milling treatment, wherein the milling energy introduced into the suspension is set to a value between 800-2500 kWh/t,{'sub': 0.9+x', '1-y', 'y', '4, 'd) spray-drying of the milled suspension to obtain ...

Method for preparing lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent, (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and reacting to prepare amorphous lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle, and (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle thus to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon on a portion or a whole of a surface of a particle, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon prepared by the above method. The lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon having controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be prepared in a short time by performing two simple steps.

POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY, METHOD OF PREPARING SAME, AND RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING SAME

A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery including a core including a compound being capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium and the lithium metal phosphate positioned on the surface of the core, the lithium metal phosphate is represented by Chemical Formula 1, a method of preparing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. 1. A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery , comprising:a core comprising a compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium; anda lithium metal phosphate on the surface of the core, {'br': None, 'sub': 1+(x+y)', 'x', 'y', '2−(x+y)', '4', '3, 'LiABTi(PO)\u2003\u2003Chemical Formula 1'}, 'wherein the lithium metal phosphate is different from the compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium and is represented by Chemical Formula 1wherein in Chemical Formula 1, A is a tetravalent element, B is a divalent element, 0 Подробнее

CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY, LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY

The main object of the present invention is to provide a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery with high theoretical capacity. The present invention solves the problem by providing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the cathode active material comprises a crystal structure belonging to a space group C12/c1, and is represented by (NaLi)MN(PO)(0.5≦α≦1, 2.5≦x≦3.5, 0≦y≦0.5, 1.5≦z≦2.5, M is at least one of V and Fe, and N is at least one of Co, Ni and Mn). 1. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery , wherein the cathode active material comprises a crystal structure belonging to a space group C12/c1 , and is represented by (NaLi)MN(PO)(0.5≦α≦1 , 2.5≦x≦3.5 , 0≦y≦0.5 , 1.5≦z≦2.5 , M is at least one of V and Fe , and N is at least one of Co , Ni and Mn).2. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery , wherein the cathode active material has a peak in 2θ=12.5±2° , 23.5±2° , 32.5±2° , 34.0±2° , 48.5±2° and 58.0±2° in XRD measurement (a CuKα ray) , and{'sub': 1-α', 'α', 'x', '1-y', 'y', '4', 'z, 'is represented by (NaLi)MN(PO)(0.5≦α≦1, 2.5≦x≦3.5, 0≦y≦0.5, 1.5≦z≦2.5, M is at least one of V and Fe, and N is at least one of Co, Ni and Mn).'}3. A lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode active material layer , an anode active material layer , and an electrolyte layer formed between the cathode active material layer and the anode active material layer ,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the cathode active material layer contains the cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to .'}4. A lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode active material layer , an anode active material layer , and an electrolyte layer formed between the cathode active material layer and the anode active material layer ,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'wherein the cathode active material layer contains the cathode active material for a lithium secondary ...

Methods for making lithium manganese phosphate and lithium manganese phosphate/carbon composite material

A method for making lithium manganese phosphate is disclosed. A divalent manganese source, a lithium source and a phosphate source are mixed and dissolved in a solvothermal reaction medium to form a mixed solution. The solvothermal reaction medium includes an organic solvent and a solubilizing agent. The mixed solution is then solvothermal reacted. A method for making lithium manganese phosphate/carbon composite material is also disclosed.

METHOD FOR MAKING CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY

A method for making a cathode active material of a lithium ion battery is disclosed. In the method, LiMPOparticles and LiNPOparticles are provided. The LiMPOparticles and LiNPOparticles both are olivine type crystals belonged to a pnma space group of an orthorhombic crystal system, wherein M represents Fe, Mn, Co, or Ni, N represents a metal element having a +2 valence, and N is different from M. The LiMPOparticles and the LiNPOparticles are mixed together to form a precursor. The precursor is calcined to form LiMNPOparticles, wherein 0 Подробнее

LMFP Cathode Materials with Improved Electrochemical Performance

Particulate LMFP cathode materials having high manganese contents and small amounts of dopant metals are disclosed. These cathode materials are made by milling a mixture of precursor materials in a wet or dry milling process. Preferably, off-stoichiometric amounts of starting materials are used to make the cathode materials. Unlike other high manganese LMFP materials, these cathode materials provide high specific capacities, very good cycle life and high energies even at high discharge rates. 1. A particulate cathode material comprising an electroactive material having the empirical formula LiMnFeDPO , whereina is a number from 1 to 1.10;b is from 0.70 to 0.85;c is from 0.1 to 0.3;d is from 0.005 to 0.10;(a+2b+2c+dV) is 2.85 to 2.99, wherein V is the valence of D, and D is a metal ion selected from magnesium, cobalt, or a mixture of magnesium and cobalt, and further wherein at least a portion of the electroactive material has an olivine structure.27-. (canceled)8. A nanocomposite containing at least 70% by weight of a particulate cathode material of with up to 30% by weight of a graphite claim 1 , carbon black and/or other conductive carbon.9. A battery cathode comprising the cathode material of the nanocomposite of .10. A lithium battery comprising an anode claim 9 , a cathode of claim 9 , a separator disposed between the anode and cathode claim 9 , and an electrolyte solution containing at least one lithium salt.11. A method for making an olivine lithium manganese transition metal phosphate cathode material claim 9 , comprising{'sub': x', '4, 'a) forming a mixture of at least one lithium precursor, at least one iron precursor, at least one manganese precursor, at least one dopant metal precursor and at least one precursor of HPOions where x is 0, 1 or 2, wherein the precursors are present in amounts such that{'sub': x', '4, 'the mole ratio of lithium ions to HPOions is 0.95 to 1.1;'}{'sub': x', '4, 'the mole ratio of manganese ions to HPOions is 0.70 to 0.95;'}{' ...

ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE OR POLYPHOSPHATE PARTICLES FOR USE AS PIGMENTS IN PAINTS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

An aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate-based pigment product is made by a process comprising contacting phosphoric acid with aluminum sulfate and an alkaline solution to produce an aluminum phosphate based product; and optionally calcining the aluminum phosphate based product at an elevated temperature, wherein the process is substantially free of an organic acid. The aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate-based pigment is amorphous. The amorphous aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate characterized by a bulk density of less than 2.30 grams per cubic centimeter and a phosphorus to aluminum mole ratio of greater than 0.8. The composition is useful in paints and as a substitute for titanium dioxide 1. A method of making amorphous aluminum phosphate comprising the steps of:combining phosphoric acid with aluminum sulfate and sodium hydroxide to react and form a suspension comprising an amorphous aluminum phosphate precipitate;filtering the suspension to isolate the precipitate; anddrying the precipitate at a temperature less than about 130° C.2. The method as recited in wherein the amorphous aluminum phosphate has a bulk density that is less than about 2.1 g/cc.3. The method as recited in where the amorphous aluminum phosphate has an average individual particle radius size from about 5 to 80 nanometers.4. The method as recited in wherein the amorphous aluminum phosphate consists of sodium aluminum phosphate.5. The method as recited in wherein the dried precipitate is substantially free of open pores.6. The method as recited in wherein dried precipitate comprises particles having closed voids.7. The method as recited in wherein the amorphous aluminum phosphate has a bulk density that is less than about 1.99 g/cc.8. The method as recited in wherein the dried precipitate has a macropore volume that is substantially less than 0.1 cc/gram.9. The method as recited in wherein during the step of combining claim 1 , the phosphoric acid claim 1 , aluminum sulfate claim 1 , and sodium ...

LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATE SECONDARY AGGLOMERATES AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE

A Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate compound of formula LiFeMP0) in the form of secondary particles made of agglomerates of primary particles wherein the primary particles have a size in the range of 0.02-2 μm and the secondary particles a mean size in the range of 10-40 μm, a BET surface of 6-15 m/g and a bulk density of 800-1200 g/l, a process for its manufacture and the use thereof. 126-. (canceled)27. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate compound of formula LiFeM(PO) with x≦0.3 and 0≦y≦1 and M is a metal or semimetal or mixtures thereof in the form of secondary particles made of agglomerates of primary particles , wherein the primary particles have a size in the range of 0.02-2 μm and the secondary particles have a mean size of 10-40 μm and a BET surface of 6-15 m/g and wherein the bulk density is in the range of 800-1200 g/l.28. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a bulk porosity of 65-80%.29. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a tap porosity of 55-65%.30. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a tap density of 1250-1600 g/l.31. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to with a press density of 2000-2800 g/l.32. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to which is LiFePO claim 27 , LiMnPOor LiFeMnPO.33. Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to wherein the primary particles have a conductive carbon deposit on at least a part of the surface of the primary particles.34. Process for the manufacture of a Lithium-transition-metal-phosphate according to comprising the following steps:{'sub': 0.9+x', '1-y', 'y', '4, 'a) providing LiFeM(PO) in particle form,'}b) preparing an aqueous suspension and—optionally—adding a carbon precursor compound,c) subjecting the aqueous suspension to a wet-milling treatment, wherein the milling energy introduced into the suspension is set to a value between 100-600 kWh/t{'sub': 0.9+x', '1-y', 'y', '4, 'd) spray-drying of the milled suspension to obtain agglomerates of LiFeM( ...

POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY

Disclosed are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The disclosed cathode active material includes a core including a compound represented by Formula 1; and a shell including a compound represented by Formula 2, in which the core and the shell have different material compositions. 1. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery , comprising:a core comprising a compound represented by Formula 1;a shell comprising a compound represented by Formula 2;an interlayer between the core and the shell, wherein the core and the shell have different material compositions, [{'br': None, 'sub': x1', 'y1', 'z1', '4-w1', 'w1, 'LiM1M2POE\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}, {'br': None, 'sub': x2', 'y2', 'z2', '4-w2', 'w2, 'LiM3M4POE\u2003\u2003[Formula 2]'}], 'wherein'}in the Formulas 1 and 2,wherein M1 and M3 are the same material, and M2 and M4 are the same materials, and each is independently selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga, B and a combination thereof, [{'br': None, 'i': x', 'y', 'z', 'x', 'y', 'z, '0<1≦1, 0≦1≦1, 0≦1≦1, and 0<1+1+1≦2,'}, {'br': None, '0≦w1≦0.5,'}, {'br': None, 'i': x', 'y', 'z', 'x', 'y', 'z, '0<2≦1, 0≦2≦1, 0≦2≦1, and 0<2+2+2≦2,'}, {'br': None, '0≦w2≦0.5, and'}, {'br': None, 'x1=x2, y1z2,'}, {'b': '3', 'wherein the interlayer comprises a compound represented by Formula , and'}, 'a material of the interlayer is different from the material of the core and the shell,, 'E is selected from the group consisting of F, S, and a combination thereof,'} {'br': None, 'sub': x3', 'y3', 'z3', '4-w3', 'w3, 'LiM5M6POE\u2003\u2003[Formula 3]'}, 'wherein'}in Formula 3,M5 and M6 are the same or different, and each is independently selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga, B, and a combination thereof, [{'br': None, 'i': x', 'y', ' ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE

A method for producing lithium iron phosphate includes an aqueous solution preparation step of preparing an aqueous solution containing a phosphoric acid and a hydroxycarboxylic acid; a first preparation step of adding iron particles containing 0.1 to 2 mass % oxygen to the aqueous solution, and reacting the phosphoric acid and the hydroxycarboxylic acid in the aqueous solution with the iron particles in an oxidizing atmosphere to prepare a first reaction liquid; a second preparation step of adding a lithium source to the first reaction liquid to prepare a second reaction liquid; a third preparation step of adding a carbon source to the second reaction liquid to prepare a third reaction liquid; a precursor formation step of drying the third reaction liquid to form a lithium iron phosphate precursor; and a calcination step of calcining the lithium iron phosphate precursor in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce lithium iron phosphate. 1. A method for producing lithium iron phosphate , comprising:an aqueous solution preparation step of preparing an aqueous solution containing a phosphoric acid and a hydroxycarboxylic acid;a first preparation step of adding iron particles containing 0.1 to 2 mass % oxygen to the aqueous solution, and reacting the phosphoric acid and the hydroxycarboxylic acid in the aqueous solution with the iron particles in an oxidizing atmosphere to prepare a first reaction liquid;a second preparation step of adding a lithium source to the first reaction liquid to prepare a second reaction liquid;a third preparation step of adding a carbon source to the second reaction liquid to prepare a third reaction liquid;a precursor formation step of drying the third reaction liquid to form a lithium iron phosphate precursor; anda calcination step of calcining the lithium iron phosphate precursor in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce lithium iron phosphate.2. The method for producing lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1 , further comprising a ...

ABUSE-TOLERANT LITHIUM ION BATTERY CATHODE BLENDS WITH SYMBIOTIC POWER PERFORMANCE BENEFITS

Methods and systems are provided for a blend of cathode active materials. In one example, the blend of cathode active materials provides a high power battery with low direct current resistance while improving lithium ion cell safety performance. Methods and systems are further provided for fabricating the cathode active material blend and a battery including the blend. 1. A blended cathode active material for a lithium ion battery , the blended cathode active material comprising:a lithium iron manganese phosphate (LFMP), the LFMP comprising a molar ratio of Mn of greater than 0.60 and less than 0.70; and 'there is less of the LFMP than the NCM by weight.', 'a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), wherein'}2. The blended cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the LFMP has an overall composition of LiFeMnD(PO)F claim 1 , wherein 1.0≤a≤1.10 claim 1 , 0.600 claim 1 , y′>0 claim 1 , x′+y′<1.0 claim 1 , and 1.0≤b≤1.10.8. The blended cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein x′=0.33 and y′=0.33.9. The blended cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the NCM is in the form of particles having a D50 size range of 1 to 10 μm.10 ...

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE FOR SECONDARY CELL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A positive electrode active substance for a secondary cell, where the positive electrode active substance is capable of suppressing adsorption of water effectively in order to obtain a high-performance lithium ion secondary cell or sodium ion secondary cell. The positive electrode active substance contains 0.3 to 5 mass % of graphite, 0.1 to 4 mass % of carbon obtained by carbonizing a water-soluble carbon material, or 0.1 to 5 mass % of a metal fluoride is supported on a composite containing a compound which contains at least iron or manganese, where the compound is represented by formula (A) LiFeMnMPO, formula (B) LiFeMnNSiO, or formula (C) NaFeMnQPO, and carbon obtained by carbonizing a cellulose nanofiber. 1. A positive electrode active substance , comprising 0.3 to 5 mass % of graphite , 0.1 to 4 mass % of carbon obtained by carbonizing a water-soluble carbon material , or 0.1 to 5 mass % of a metal fluoride supported on a composite comprising: [{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', '4, 'sup': '1', 'LiFeMnMPO\u2003\u2003(A)'}, {'sup': 1', '1, 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'd', 'e', 'f', '4, 'sup': '2', 'LiFeMnMSiO\u2003\u2003(B)'}, 'wherein Mrepresents Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd, and a, b, and c each represent a number satisfying 0≦a≦1, 0≦b≦1, 0≦c≦0.2, 2a+2b+(valence of M)×c=2, and a+b≠0;'}, {'sup': 2', '2, 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sub': g', 'h', 'i', '4, 'NaFeMnQPO\u2003\u2003(C)'}, 'wherein Mrepresents Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr, and d, e, and f each represent a number satisfying 0≦d≦1, 0≦e≦1, 0≦f<1, 2d+2e+(valence of M)×f=2, and d+e≠0; and'}, 'wherein Q represents Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd, and g, h, and i each represent a number satisfying 0≦g≦1, 0≦h≦1, 0≦i<1, 2g+2h+(valence of Q)×i=2, and g+h≠0; and, 'a compound comprising at least iron or manganese, the compound being represented by formula (A), (B), or (C)carbon obtained by carbonizing a cellulose nanofiber.2. The positive electrode active ...

High power electrode materials

An LFP electrode material is provided which has improved impedance, power during cold cranking, rate capacity retention, charge transfer resistance over the current LFP based cathode materials. The electrode material comprises crystalline primary particles and secondary particles, where the primary particle is formed from a plate-shaped single-phase spheniscidite precursor and a lithium source. The LFP includes an LFP phase behavior where the LFP phase behavior includes an extended solid-solution range.

INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF NANOPOWDERS

An installation and method for production of nanopowders by spray pyrolysis by capture, grind, and temperature exposure of nanoparticles, wherein efficiency of particle retention in the cyclone in the suspended state is achieved. 1. An apparatus for the production of nanopowders by spray pyrolysis , comprising:a modular system having at least three reaction modules;a propane burner installed at an entrance to a first one of the at least three reaction modules of the modular system; anda spray system disposed at an entrance to a second one of the at least three reaction modules of the modular system, the spray system configured to insert an aerosol of the aqueous solution of the precursor.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a reaction module is a cylindrical reactor.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the modular system comprises at least a heat generator section claim 1 , a reactor section and a product formation chamber.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the spray system comprises a mist-type two-phase nozzle with a spray cone angle of 30 degrees a pump for pumping the liquid precursor and a propellent supply system.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the nozzle is disposed at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to a reaction module of the modular system.6. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein a length of a pipe of the nozzle is 1.5-2 times a diameter of the reaction section.7. A method for thermal processing and grinding of nanopowders comprising:spraying a solution in a zone of a reactor of a cyclone;carrying out evaporation of the solution, particle formation, precursor and decomposition or chemical reaction of the particle precursor and the crystallization of nanopowders.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the spraying is carried out at temperature range of 400-900° C.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the solution is provided at the speed of between 16-30 m/s.10. The method according ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING DIFLUOROPHOSPHATE

A process for preparing difluorophosphate comprising reacting difluorophosphoric acid with at least one salt, as a raw material, selected from a halide salt, a carbonate, a phosphate, a hydroxide and an oxide of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or an onium in the difluoraphosphoric acid, then separating a precipitate from the difluorophosphoric acid by solid-liquid separation, the precipitate being precipitated by crystallization operation in the difluorophosphoric acid, and removing the difluorophosphoric acid contained in the precipitate by distillation to obtain difluorophosphate. 1. A process for preparing difluorophosphate comprising reacting difluorophosphoric acid with at least one salt , as a raw material , selected from a halide salt , a carbonate , a phosphate , a hydroxide and an oxide of an alkali metal , an alkaline earth metal or an onium in the difluoraphosphoric acid , then separating a precipitate from the difluorophosphoric acid by solid-liquid separation , the precipitate being precipitated by crystallization operation in the difluorophosphoric acid , and removing the difluorophosphoric acid contained in the precipitate by distillation to obtain difluorophosphate.2. A process for preparing difluorophosphate as defined in wherein a starting salt is at least one selected from a halide claim 1 , a carbonate claim 1 , a phosphate claim 1 , a hydroxide and an oxide of an alkali metal.3. A process for preparing difluorophosphate as defined in wherein the alkali metal is at least one selected from lithium claim 1 , sodium and potassium.4. A process for preparing difluorophosphate wherein a starting salt is or a starting salt and difluorophosphoric acid are added to the difluorophosphoric acid solution as recited in obtained by solid-liquid separation after crystallization operation claim 1 , and then the operation recited in is repeated.5. A process for preparing difluorophosphate as defined in wherein the alkali metal is at least one selected ...

Blended cathode materials

A positive electroactive material is described, including: a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound having a composition of Li a Fe 1-x-y Mn x D y (PO 4 ) z , wherein 1.0<a≦1.10, 0<x≦0.5, 0≦y≦0.10, 1.0<z≦1.10 and D is selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, V, Nb and combinations thereof; and a lithium metal oxide, wherein the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is optionally doped with Ti, Zr, Nb, Al, Ta, W, Mg or F. A battery containing the positive electroactive material is also described.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ELECTROACTIVE INSERTION COMPOUNDS AND ELECTRODE MATERIALS OBTAINED THEREFROM

A process for preparing an at least partially lithiated transition metal oxyanion-based lithium-ion reversible electrode material, which includes providing a precursor of said lithium-ion reversible electrode material, heating said precursor, melting same at a temperature sufficient to produce a melt including an oxyanion containing liquid phase, cooling said melt under conditions to induce solidification thereof and obtain a solid electrode that is capable of reversible lithium ion deinsertion/insertion cycles for use in a lithium battery. Also, lithiated or partially lithiated oxyanion-based-lithium-ion reversible electrode materials obtained by the aforesaid process. 159-. (canceled)60. A lithium-ion reversible electrode material , comprising micron size particles and submicron size particles , said micron size particles and submicron size particles having the nominal formula AB(XO)H , said micron size particles having a first pyrolytic carbon deposit wt. % ratio relative to the total weight of the AB(XO)H micron size particles and said submicron size particles having a second pyrolytic carbon deposit wt. % ratio relative to the total weight of the AB(XO)H submicron size particles , wherein said first pyrolytic carbon deposit wt. % ratio is different from said second pyrolytic carbon deposit wt. % ratio , and wherein:A is lithium, which may be partially substituted with another alkali metal representing less than 20 atomic % of said A;B is a main redox metal at oxidation level of +2 selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Ni and any mixture thereof, which may be partially substituted by one or more additional metal at oxidation level between +1 and +5 and representing less than 35 atomic % of said main +2 redox metal, including 0;{'sub': '4', 'XOis any oxyanion wherein X is selected from the group consisting of P, S, V, Si, Nb, Mo and any combination thereof; and'}{'sub': '4', 'H is a fluoride, hydroxide or chloride anion representing less that 35 atomic % ...

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY, CONTAINING LITHIUM VANADIUM ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY COMPRISING SAME

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery and, more specifically, to a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, having improved initial capacitance and charging and discharging efficiency due to increased electrical conductivity or ion conductivity. The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention contains lithium vanadium phosphate (LiV(PO)) and lithium zirconium phosphate (LiZr(PO)) formed on an external surface of the lithium vanadium phosphate. The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery comprising lithium vanadium zirconium phosphate (LiVZr(PO)) particles, which is prepared by a preparation method of the present invention, has excellent structural stability and ion conductivity as well as high capacitance. 1. A positive electrode active material of a lithium ion battery , comprising:{'sub': 3', '2', '4', '3, 'lithium vanadium phosphate (LiV(PO)); and'}{'sub': 3', '2-x', 'x', '4', '3, 'lithium vanadium zirconium phosphate (LiVZr(PO)) formed on an outer surface of the lithium vanadium phosphate.'}2. The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a portion of vanadium of the lithium vanadium phosphate is substituted with zirconium.3. The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , being expressed:{'br': None, 'sub': 3', '2-x', 'x', '4', '3, 'LiVZr(PO)'}wherein x is a real number greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.4. The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , further comprising a material including carbon.5. (canceled)6. A method for preparing a positive electrode active material claim 1 , the method comprising:adding a carbon precursor, a lithium precursor, a vanadium precursor, a zirconium phosphate, and a phosphorous precursor to a solvent and then mixing them;{'b': '1', 'drying a mixture prepared in the step S to produce a dried powder; and'}thermally treating the dried powder.7. The method of ...

Heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification and method of preparing same

A transesterification catalyst that is heterogeneous and a method for preparing said transesterification catalyst are provided. The catalyst can be used in a variety of transesterification reactor configurations including CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactors), ebullated (or ebullating) beds or any other fluidized bed reactors, and PFR (plug flow, fixed bed reactors). The catalyst can be used for manufacturing commercial grade biodiesel, biolubricants and glycerin.

PROCESS FOR MAKING AN ALKALI METAL OXYANION COMPRISING IRON

The present invention relates to a process for making an alkali metal oxyanion comprising iron. In one aspect of the invention, hydrothermal methods are used with a nanoscale iron precursor in order to provide desirably low particle size and high purity and crystallinity. 1. A process for manufacturing an alkali metal oxyanion , wherein said metal comprises Fe , said process comprising the steps of:providing a source of Fe having nanoscale particle size; andhydrothermally treating said source of Fe and precursors of an at least partially lithiated metal oxyanion for manufacturing said alkali metal oxyanion.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said precursors are provided prior to the hydrothermal step.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said source of Fe comprises Fe.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said process further comprises a pyrolysis step of an organic carbon source to produce a pyrolytic carbon deposit on particles of said alkali metal oxyanion.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a reducing agent is added during the hydrothermal step.8. A process according to claim 7 , wherein said reducing agent comprises ascorbic claim 7 , citric acid claim 7 , or a mixture thereof.9. A process according to claim 7 , wherein said reducing agent comprises metallic iron.10. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising a grinding step after said hydrothermal step.11. A process according to claim 10 , wherein said grinding step is a nanomilling step.12. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said source of iron is selected from FeO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , FeOOH claim 1 , Fe(OH)and any mixtures thereof.13. A process according to claim 1 , the Fe source of nanoscale particle size is provided by wet nanomilling a Fe source of larger particle size.14. A process according to claim 13 , wherein a reducing agent is added during the wet-nanomilling step.15. A process according to claim 14 , wherein said reducing agent comprises ascorbic ...

Preparation method of battery composite material and precursor thereof

A preparation method of a battery composite material at least includes the following steps. Firstly, an iron compound, phosphoric acid, a manganese compound, a lithium compound and a carbon source are provided. Then, the phosphoric acid is added to a mixture of the iron compound and deionized water while stirring to form a first phosphate solution, a first amount of the manganese compound is added to the first phosphate solution, and the manganese compound and the first phosphate solution are continuously reacted for a first time period, so that a first product solution is formed. Then, a reaction between the first product solution, the carbon source and the lithium compound is carried out to form a precursor. Then, the precursor is thermally treated to form the battery composite material, wherein the battery composite material has a chemical formula: LiFe x Mn 1-x PO 4 . Since the product powder is not subjected to aggregation during the thermal treatment process, the electric performance of the battery is enhanced.

Solid electrolyte, all solid state battery, method for producing solid electrolyte, and method for producing all solid state battery

A solid electrolyte having a NaSICON-type crystal structure and represented by a general formula Li 1−a Zr 2−b M c (PO 4 ) 3 . In the general formula, Li may be partially substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, and Ca, P may be partially substituted with at least one of B and Si, M contains at least one first element capable of stabilizing or partially stabilizing the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of a high-temperature phase of ZrO 2 , −0.50≤a≤2.00, 0.01≤b≤1.90, and 0.01≤c≤1.90.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CARBON-COATED LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATE AND ITS USE

A process for the preparation of carbon-coated lithium transition metal phosphate having the formula LiMMnPOand its use as cathode material in secondary lithium-ion batteries wherein the process includes few synthesis steps which can be conducted easily, therefore providing a low cost process and results in a complete reaction of the starting material compounds or the mixtures thereof. At least one starting material compound is dispersed or dissolved in an essentially aqueous medium and heated to a temperature between 50° C. and 100° C. prior to addition of the remaining starting material compounds. 1. A process for the preparation of carbon-coated lithium transition metal phosphate , wherein the lithium transition metal phosphate has the formula{'br': None, 'sub': 0.9+x', 'y', '1−y', '4, 'LiMMnPO'}whereinM is at least one element of the group of Fe, Co, Ni, Mg, Zn, Ti, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zr0≦x≦0.20≦y≦1.0said process comprising the steps:a) dispersing or dissolving at least one starting material compound selected from the group consisting of at least one lithium source, at least one M source, if present, at least one manganese source, if present, and at least one phosphorous source, in an essentially aqueous medium to obtain a starting material dispersion or solution and heating the starting material dispersion or solution;b) adding remaining starting material compounds selected from the group consisting of at least one lithium source, at least one M source, if present, at least one manganese source, if present, and at least one phosphorus source, said remaining starting material compounds not being present in the starting material dispersion or solution obtained in step a), to the starting material dispersion or solution obtained in step a) to provide a precursor mixture;c) subjecting the precursor mixture obtained in step b) to at least one wet milling step in the presence of at least one electrically conducting material or at least one precursor of an electrically ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING DIFLUOROPHOSPHATE

Provided is a method for producing a difluorophosphate, which can easily and industrially advantageously produce a high-purity difluorophosphate. The method includes a step of producing a difluorophosphate in the fluorophosphoric acid solution by reacting hydrofluoric acid anhydride containing no solvent with an oxoacid and/or the like of phosphorous to produce a fluorophosphoric acid solution; a step of adding a hexafluorophosphate to the fluorophosphoric acid solution in the absence of respective halides, carbonates, borates, phosphates, hydroxides, and oxides of an alkali metal and the like; and a step of heating and drying the fluorophosphoric acid solution containing the difluorophosphate to distill away a fluorophosphoric acid, or a step of depositing the difluorophosphate in the fluorophosphoric acid solution by crystallization, subsequently separating the difluorophosphate by solid-liquid separation, and distilling away a fluorophosphoric acid contained in the difluorophosphate after the solid-liquid separation. 1. A method for producing a difluorophosphate , comprising:a step of producing a fluorophosphoric acid solution by reacting hydrofluoric acid anhydride containing no organic solvent with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an oxoacid, an oxoacid anhydride, and an oxyhalide of phosphorous;a step of producing a difluorophosphate in the fluorophosphoric acid solution by adding a hexafluorophosphate to the fluorophosphoric acid solution in the absence of at least any one of respective halides, carbonates, borates, phosphates, hydroxides, and oxides of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, aluminum, and an onium; anda step of heating and drying the fluorophosphoric acid solution containing the difluorophosphate to distill away a fluorophosphoric acid, or a step of depositing the difluorophosphate in the fluorophosphoric acid solution by crystallization, subsequently separating the difluorophosphate by solid-liquid separation, and ...

METHOD FOR PURIFYING DIFLUOROPHOSPHATE

Provided is a method for purifying a difluorophosphate, in which a difluorophosphate is purified to a high purity. The method includes a method for purifying a difluorophosphate, comprising bringing hydrogen fluoride into contact with a difluorophosphate containing an impurity and subsequently heating and drying the difluorophosphate, or bringing the hydrogen fluoride into contact with the difluorophosphate containing the impurity while heating and drying the difluorophosphate containing the impurity, thereby removing the impurity. 1. A method for purifying a difluorophosphate , comprising bringing hydrogen fluoride into contact with a difluorophosphate containing an impurity and subsequently heating and drying the difluorophosphate , or bringing the hydrogen fluoride into contact with the difluorophosphate containing the impurity while heating and drying the difluorophosphate containing the impurity , thereby removing the impurity.2. The method for purifying a difluorophosphate according to claim 1 , wherein the contact between the difluorophosphate and hydrogen fluoride is attained by bringing hydrogen fluoride gas claim 1 , or hydrofluoric acid anhydride in a liquid form into contact with the difluorophosphate.3. The method for purifying a difluorophosphate according to claim 1 , wherein the contact between the difluorophosphate and hydrogen fluoride is attained by bringing a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen fluoride gas into contact with the difluorophosphate.4. The method for purifying a difluorophosphate according to claim 1 , wherein the difluorophosphate containing the impurity is:one in the process of producing the difluorophosphate in the fluorophosphoric acid solution by adding a hexafluorophosphate of at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and an onium to a solution of a fluorophosphoric acid, and subsequentlyheating the fluorophosphoric acid solution to distill away the fluorophosphoric acid.5. ...

Method of Preparing a Material of a Battery Cell

A continuous process for producing a material of a battery cell using a system having a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators and a reactor is provided. A mist generated from a liquid mixture of two or more metal precursor compounds in desired ratio is dried inside the drying chamber. Heated air or gas is served as the gas source for forming various gas-solid mixtures and as the energy source for reactions inside the drying chamber and the reactor. One or more gas-solid separators are used in the system to separate gas-solid mixtures from the drying chamber into solid particles mixed with the metal precursor compounds and continuously deliver the solid particles into the reactor for further reaction to obtain final solid material particles with desired crystal structure, particle size, and morphology. 1. A system of producing a material for a battery electrochemical cell , comprising:a mist generator adapted to generate a mist from a liquid mixture;a drying chamber comprising a chamber inlet, a chamber body, and a chamber outlet;a first gas line connected to the drying chamber and adapted to flow a first gas into the drying chamber and form a first mixture with the mist inside the drying chamber; a separator inlet connected to the chamber outlet and adapted to collect one or more products from the chamber outlet of the drying chamber, wherein the first gas-solid separator separates the one or more products into a first type of solid particles and a waste product;', 'a first separator outlet adapted to deliver the first type of solid particles out of the first gas-solid separator; and', 'a second separator outlet adapted to deliver the waste product out of the first gas-solid separator; and, 'a first gas-solid separator, comprising a reactor inlet connected to the first separator outlet to receive the first type of solid particles; and', 'a gas inlet connected to a second gas line to flow a second gas inside the reactor, wherein a second ...

Positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery, method of producing the same, electrode for lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery

Provided is a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries, which is capable of realizing stability and safety at a high voltage, a high energy density, high load characteristics, and long-term cycle characteristics by controlling a crystal shape of LiMnPO 4 particles having a crystal structure very suitable for Li diffusion or controlling an average primary particle size, a production method thereof, an electrode for lithium ion batteries, and a lithium ion battery. The positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the invention is a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries, which is formed from LiMnPO 4 . Values of lattice constants a, b, and c, which are calculated from an X-ray diffraction pattern, satisfy 10.41 Å<a≦10.43 Å, 6.070 Å<b≦6.095 Å, and 4.730 Å<C≦4.745 Å, and an average particle size is 10 to 100 nm.