Water treatment processes for norm removal

Methods for treating water to remove radium include contacting the water with a magnetic adsorbent comprising manganese oxide(s), and applying a magnetic field to separate the magnetic adsorbent from the water, whereby radium is removed from the water. The methods may additionally include regenerating the magnetic adsorbent, and contacting the water with regenerated magnetic adsorbent. Alternately, calcium and/or strontium may be precipitated as carbonate salts from lime-treated water containing radium and barium without precipitating a significant fraction of the barium or radium; and removing radium from calcium- and strontium-free water by precipitating the barium and radium as carbonate salts. The barium- and radium carbonate precipitate may be redissolved in hydrochloric acid and disposed of by deep-well injection.

Stacked type falling film evaporator, zero liquid discharge system comprising the same, and zero liquid discharging method using the same

A stacked type falling film evaporator includes a first evaporator, a second evaporator, a first vapor recovering device, a second vapor recovering device and a vapor recompressor. The first evaporator and the second evaporator respectively have evaporation tubes of a length of 5 m to 10 m, and are stacked in such a manner that wastewater passes through the first evaporator and the second evaporator in order. The first vapor recovering device collects vapor generated from the wastewater in the first evaporator and supplies the collected vapor to the second evaporator. The second vapor recovering device collects vapor generated from the wastewater in the second evaporator and supplies the collected vapor to the first evaporator. The vapor recompressor compresses the vapor collected in the second vapor recovering device before the vapor is supplied to the first evaporator.

PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-HIGH-DENSITY BRINES USING TRANSIENTLY-OPERATED DESALINATION SYSTEMS

Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit. 130-. (canceled)31. A method for producing a concentrated brine stream , comprising:supplying a liquid stream comprising water and a dissolved salt at an initial concentration to a fluidic circuit comprising a humidifier, wherein the humidifier removes at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream comprising water and the dissolved salt at a second concentration higher than the initial concentration of the liquid stream; andrecirculating the concentrated brine stream through the fluidic circuit to remove at least a portion of the water from the concentrated brine stream, forming a recirculated concentrated brine stream comprising water ...

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PROCESS - pH REFINEMENT FOR SULPHATE REMOVAL

Disclosed is a method of decomposing ettringite, to form amorphous aluminium trihydroxide, which includes the step of lowering a pH of a slurry containing ettringite to a value between 8 and 8.5.

IMPROVED EFFLUENT TREATMENT PROCESS FOR SULPHATE REMOVAL

Disclosed is an acid waste water treatment and method wherein heavy metal hydroxides and gypsum are precipitated in a single operation and wherein amorphous aluminium trihydroxide and gypsum are separated in a single solid-solid separation unit. 1. A method for the removal of sulphates and calcium from an acidic waste water stream which includes the steps of:(1) raising the pH of the acidic waste water stream to precipitate impurities from the stream and form a first supersaturated calcium sulphate-containing stream;(2) removing the impurities and de-supersaturating the first supersaturated calcium sulphate-containing stream in a first solid/liquid separation step to form a first saturated calcium sulphate-containing solution;(3) adding amorphous aluminium trihydroxide to the first saturated calcium sulphate solution to precipitate ettringite in a product water stream;(4) removing the precipitated ettringite, in the form of an ettringite-containing slurry from the product water stream using a second liquid-solid separation step;(5) lowering the pH of the ettringite-containing slurry to decompose the ettringite and form amorphous aluminium trihydroxide (recovered) and gypsum contained in a second supersaturated calcium sulphate-containing stream, and(6) separating the recovered amorphous aluminium trihydroxide and gypsum in a solid-solid separation step to form an aluminium trihydroxide containing slurry and a second saturated calcium sulphate-containing solution.2. A method according to wherein claim 1 , in step (1) claim 1 , calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide is added to the acidic waste water stream.3. A method according to wherein claim 1 , in step (1) claim 1 , the pH is raised to a value of between 10.0 and 12.0.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the impurities include iron claim 1 , aluminium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , magnesium and other heavy metals.5. A method according to wherein claim 1 , following step 4 claim 1 , the pH of the product water ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING CALCIUM IONS FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION ORGANIC WASTEWATER

A method for removing calcium ions from high concentration organic wastewater is provided. The method comprises the steps of: (1) introducing high concentration organic wastewater containing Ca, inorganic carbon and a seed crystal into a reactor with a molar ratio of Ca to inorganic carbon of 1:(3.2-6.2); (2) adjusting the hydrogen ion activity α(H) and ionic strength of the solution in the reactor; (3) sequentially stirring and precipitating in the reactor to convert Ca in the high concentration organic wastewater into calcium carbonate which is then precipitated for calcium removal. 1. A method for removing calcium ions from high concentration organic wastewater , wherein the method comprises the steps of:{'sup': 2+', '+, '(1) introducing high concentration organic wastewater containing Ca, inorganic carbon and a seed crystal into a reactor with a molar ratio of Ca to inorganic carbon of 1:(3.2-6.2);'}{'sup': '+', '(2) adjusting a hydrogen ion activity α(H) and ionic strength of the solution in the reactor;'}{'sup': '2+', '(3) sequentially stirring and precipitating in the reactor to convert Ca in the high concentration organic wastewater into calcium carbonate which is then precipitated for calcium removal.'}2. The method for removing calcium ions from high concentration organic wastewater according to claim 1 , wherein a COD and Ca concentration of the high concentration organic wastewater in step (1) is more than 2000 mg/L and more than 500 mg/L claim 1 , respectively.3. The method for removing calcium ions from high concentration organic wastewater according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic carbon in step (1) is a kind of liquid or soluble solid that can directly release the inorganic carbon.4. The method for removing calcium ions from high concentration organic wastewater according to claim 1 , wherein the seed crystal in step (1) is biomass with negative potential on a surface.5. The method for removing calcium ions from high concentration organic ...

Eutectic freeze crystallization spray chamber

A wastewater purifier has a chamber having an upper ingress end and a lower drain end, one or more wastewater nozzles connected to a wastewater source positioned near the ingress end, to produce wastewater droplets, a chilled air ingress positioned near the ingress end, connected to a chilled air source, positioned to permit the chilled air to mix with the wastewater droplets, a perforated accumulator near the drain end adapted to collect frozen droplets, a drain below the accumulator, and an egress for the chilled air near the drain end. A wastewater purifier has an elongated flow chamber having an upper portion and lower portion, one or more wastewater nozzles positioned near the upper portion, one or more egress vents positioned near the upper portion, a perforated accumulator at the bottom of the chamber, and a chilled air ingress connected between the upper and lower portions.

CRYSTALLIZATION REACTION APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING RESOURCES

Provided is a crystallization reaction apparatus for recovering resources, which includes at least one agitating impeller provided inside, a seed injection port provided to improve a crystallization effect, and plug-flow formed using at least one isolation layer in order to remove nutrient salts, such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), exiting in an effluent to cause eutrophication, are removed, the effluent being produced from a dehydration process for sludge discharged through a digestion tank in an sludge waste treatment process for the nutrient salts, such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), existing in a wastewater treatment water to cause eutrophication, wastewater sludge, food waste and excreta of livestock. 1. A crystallization reaction apparatus comprising:a driving unit coupled to a rotational shaft to rotate the agitating impeller; the agitating impeller installed at the rotational shaft coupled to the driving unit to agitate a treatment liquid or an effluent;a crystallization reactant injected to crystallize phosphorus and nitrogen contained in the treatment liquid or the effluent; anda treatment liquid or effluent injection port and a treatment liquid discharge port for discharge after a reaction has been performed.2. The crystallization reaction apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a sedimentation guide isolation member that moves crystals claim 1 , which are agitated by the agitating impeller and generated through a crystallization reaction claim 1 , down through a hole formed in a center of the sedimentation guide isolation member after the crystals are sunken claim 1 , without directly discharging the crystals through the treatment liquid discharge port placed at an upper portion of a reactor.3. The crystallization reaction apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a crystalline germ injection port which injects a crystalline germ to accelerate the reaction.4. The crystallization reaction apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the crystalline germ ...

WATER TREATMENT AND STEAM GENERATION SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY AND A METHOD USING SAME

A system of generating steam from an emulsion stream produced from a reservoir via thermal recovery has a heat exchanger for adjusting the emulsion to a first temperature; at least one separation device for separating water from the emulsion at the first temperature to obtain produced water; an optional produced water preheater, and a high pressure evaporator for receiving the produced water and generating steam using the produced water. 1. An evaporator receiving a liquid stream and generating steam from the liquid stream , the liquid stream comprising at least water , the evaporator comprising:a heating element comprising a liquid channel for receiving the liquid stream, and a heating channel for directing a high-temperature heat-exchange medium therethrough to heat the liquid in the liquid channel via heat exchange between the heating channel and the liquid channel;a vapor drum for receiving the heated liquid from the heating element via a top connection pipe, and for generating steam from the heated liquid, the vapor drum comprising a steam outlet for discharging generated steam, and a blowdown outlet for discharging blowdown concentration comprising un-vaporized liquid and impurities; anda bubble generator for generating bubbles using a gas-phase substance, injecting generated bubbles into the heating element for self-removal of scales and other deposits in the evaporator.2. The evaporator of further comprising:a blowdown recirculation cooler and blowdown recirculation pump, for cooling and circulation of blowdown concentration between the vapor drum and the heating element.3. The evaporator of wherein the top connection pipe comprises a pressure letdown device with reduced cross-section.4. The evaporator of wherein the pressure letdown device with reduced cross-section is a throttling valve claim 3 , a restriction orifice claim 3 , a converging diffuser claim 3 , or a converging piping fitting.5. The evaporator of wherein the bubble generator is a sparger ...

Enhanced process for selective salt recovery from wastewater, waste salts, and brines

A process for treating wastewater or waste brines that include sodium and chloride ions. The waste brine is concentrated and thereafter directed to a Mirabilite crystallizer that produces hydrated sulfate salt crystals and a first solution. The hydrated crystals are melted to form an aqueous sulfate solution that is directed to a sodium sulfate crystallizer which produces sodium sulfate salt crystals. The first solution produced by the Mirabilite crystallizer is directed to a nanofiltration device which produces a permeate stream and a reject stream containing sulfate removed by the nanofiltration device. The permeate stream is directed to a sodium chloride crystallizer that produces sodium chloride salt crystals. The reject stream is recycled to the Mirabilite crystallizer.

METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR RECOVERING MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

The invention relates to a method and an assembly for recovering magnesium ammonium phosphate from slurry that is supplied to a reaction container () in which an aerobic milieu is present and in which the slurry is guided in a circuit with the aid of ventilation. Cationic magnesium, such as magnesium chloride, is added to the slurry, and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals which are precipitated from the slurry are removed via a removal device () provided in the base region of the reaction container. Substances which contain magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals collected in the removal device () are loosened and/or rinsed. 114-. (canceled)151030. Method for recovering magnesium ammonium phosphate from sludge supplied to a reaction tank () in which an aerobic environment prevails and in which the sludge is guided in a cycle supported by aeration , with cationic magnesium such as magnesium chloride being added to the sludge and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals precipitated from the sludge being removed via an extraction device () provided in the floor area of the reaction tank ,{'b': '30', 'wherein substances collected in the extraction device () and containing magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals are loosened up and/or flushed, and'}{'b': 30', '30', '31', '28', '10', '26, 'wherein gas and liquid are introduced into the extraction device () alternatingly, and substances exiting the extraction device () on the tank side by means of a guide () are passed through a funnel-shaped or conically designed lower section () of the reaction tank () and subjected in an adjoining cylindrical upper section () to the flow there.'}1630. Method according to claim 15 , wherein the gas claim 15 , such as air claim 15 , and the liquid claim 15 , such as water claim 15 , in particular service water claim 15 , is introduced in the floor area of the interior of the extraction device () claim 15 , which preferably has a hollow-cylindrical internal geometry.1710262830485026. ...

Desalination

A membrane stack comprising the following components: (a) a first ion diluting compartment (D1); (b) a second ion diluting compartment (D2); (c) a first ion concentrating compartment (C1); (d) a second ion concentrating compartment (C2); and (e) a membrane wall (CEM1, mAEM, mCEM, AEM, CEM2) between each compartment and on the outside of the first and last compartment of the stack; wherein: (i) each membrane wall comprises a cation exchange membrane (CEM1, mCEM, CEM2) or an anion exchange membrane (mAEM, AEM) and the order of the cation and anion exchange membranes alternates from each wall to the next; (ii) the membrane walls (mAEM, mCEM) on each side of compartment (a) both have a higher monovalent ion selectivity than the corresponding membrane walls (AEM, CEM2) on each side of compartment (b); and (iii) the stack further comprises a means for communicating fluid between compartments (a) and (b).

REJECT RECOVERY REVERSE OSMOSIS (R2RO)

A process for the recovery of purified water from a reverse osmosis reject stream includes preconditioning a reject stream to remove scaling ions and provide preconditioned water; separating any precipitate that forms in the preconditioned water to form a feed stream; subjecting the feed stream to high pressure membrane filtration system including a recirculating, high pressure pump generating a permeate stream and a second reject stream; adding a make-up water stream to the feed stream; and separating the permeate stream as purified water. Additional features and embodiments are also provided. 1. A process for achieving high salt concentration and/or high permeate recovery from a reject stream from a first reverse osmosis process including a first reverse osmosis permeate stream and first reverse osmosis reject stream , comprising:preconditioning the first reverse osmosis reject stream to remove scaling ions and provide preconditioned water;separating any precipitate that forms in the preconditioned water to form a feed stream;subjecting the feed stream to high pressure reverse osmosis membrane filtration system including a recirculating, high pressure pump generating a second permeate stream and a second reject stream;adding a make-up water stream to the feed stream; andseparating the second permeate stream as purified water.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing at least one member of the group consisting of colloidal impurities and inorganic complexes from the reject stream following the preconditioning step.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said removing step is accomplished by treating the reject stream by at least one of ultrafiltration and microfiltration.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the high pressure membrane filtration is at a pressure between 100 and 150 barg.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the high pressure membrane filtration is at a pressure of more than 140 barg.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the high pressure ...

SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND EXTRACTANTS

The invention relates to a method for recovering an organic compound from a feed stream comprising the steps of—extracting the organic compound into an organic solvent, thereby obtaining a mixture of the solvent and the organic compound; and—simultaneously crystallizing the solvent and the organic compound by cooling the mixture; and - separating the solid organic solvent and solid organic compound. 1. Method for recovering an organic compound from a liquid feed stream comprising the steps of:a liquid-liquid extraction, wherein the organic compound is extracted from the feed stream into an organic solvent, thereby obtaining an extract, which is a mixture of the organic solvent and the organic compound;simultaneously crystallizing the solvent and the organic compound by cooling said mixture; anda solid-solid separation step to separate the solid solvent and solid organic compound.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid solvent and solid organic compound are separated based on their difference in density or size.3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid solvent and solid organic compound are separated by gravity settling claim 1 , flotation claim 1 , hydrocylones or centrifugation.4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent and the organic compound are simultaneously crystallized by cooling the mixture to a temperature equal to or lower than the eutectic temperature of the mixture.5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound has a melting point in the range of −50-+250.6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids alcohols and cyclic esters.7. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 1 ,4 butanediol claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , malic acid claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,5-furan dicarboxylic acid claim 1 , 3 hydroxypropionic acid claim 1 , aspartic acid claim 1 , ...

Method and Apparatus for Gasification Wastewater Treatment

We provide an evaporation based method for water recovery from gasification wastewater to achieve zero liquid discharge. Grey water from a gasification system is processed by an evaporation system which recovers >99% of the influent water and generates a solid phase in a crystallizing reactor. The crystallizing reactor converts dissolved solids present as highly soluble species into alternative chemical forms that are amenable to precipitation and removal from the liquid phase to achieve zero liquid discharge. 1. A method of achieving zero-liquid discharge from gasification wastewater comprising:gasifying a carbon-bearing feedstock, wherein the gasifying generates a wastewater stream;sending the wastewater stream to a crystallizing reactor;feeding a first chemical into the crystallizing reactor, wherein the first chemical converts dissolved solids into forms which are configured to be more easily concentrated and/or crystallized and/or precipitated;evaporating the water fraction of the wastewater stream into water vapor;condensing the water vapor to form distillate water;precipitating the dissolved solids, wherein the precipitated solids form suspended solids; anddewatering the suspended solids for disposal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first chemical is limestone or hydrated lime.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a mixed-salt consisting essentially of calcium formate is precipitated and dewatered.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first chemical converts the dissolved solids to forms having lower solubility points than the dissolved solids and/or to forms more easily precipitated from the aqueous phase than the dissolved solids.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the wastewater stream to a chemical reactor upstream from the crystallizing reactor claim 1 , wherein a second chemical is added for water conditioning upstream of the crystallizing reactor.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the wastewater stream to an ...

Process for capture of carbon dioxide and desalination

The present invention relates to a process for reducing in a gas stream the concentration of carbon dioxide and for reducing in an aqueous stream the concentration of sodium chloride, which process comprises contacting a feed gas comprising greater than or equal to 0.1% by volume carbon dioxide with an aqueous feed comprising: (a) sodium chloride; and (b) calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide at a total concentration of greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, wherein the pH of the aqueous feed is greater than or equal to 10.0. A product aqueous stream obtained from the process of the invention is also described.

CRYSTALLIZER FOR WATER RECLAMATION

A crystallizer for use in treating produced water is disclosed. The crystallizer is a combination of a source of nitrogen in fluid communication with at least one connecting tube which is in fluid communication with a chamber which is in fluid communication with a discharge tube. The produced water from an oil and gas operation is fed into the crystallizer which will separate out contaminants from the water producing fresh water. 1. A crystallizer comprising a source of nitrogen in fluid communication with at least one connecting tube which is in fluid communication with a chamber which is in fluid communication with a discharge tube.2. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the nitrogen is gaseous nitrogen and liquid nitrogen.3. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the source of nitrogen is in fluid communication with at least one connecting tube by a nozzle.4. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the at least one connecting tube is a plurality of connecting tubes.5. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein when a plurality of connecting tubes is present each successive connecting tube is greater in diameter than the connecting tube preceding it.6. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein a source of feedwater is in fluid communication with the at least one connecting tube.7. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the feedwater is produced water from an oil and gas operation.8. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the feedwater and gaseous nitrogen rise through the at least one connecting tube.9. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the gaseous nitrogen will change velocity it rises through the at least one connecting tube.10. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the nitrogen provides agitation inside of the at least one connecting tube.11. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein salt crystals and ice crystals separate in the at least one connecting tube.12. The crystallizer as claimed in wherein the at least one connecting tube is present in the chamber.13. ...

Methods for reclaiming produced water

A method for treating produced water from a fraccing source is disclosed. The method first mixes nitrogen and produced water and feeds the mixture to a forward osmosis unit containing a semi-permeable membrane; carbon dioxide gas is then fed to the forward osmosis unit, therein creating a pressurized nitrogen side and a pressurized carbon dioxide side of the forward osmosis unit; concentrated produced water is recovered from the pressurized nitrogen side of the forward osmosis unit and fresh water is recovered from the pressurized carbon dioxide side of the forward osmosis unit.

Membrane cleaning and desalination with a membrane using acoustic pressure shock waves

Acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to a membrane in a fluid to prevent attachment of or dislodge biological or solid matter for membrane cleaning or desalination with a membrane.

WASTEWATER EVAPORATION, TREATMENT OR RECOVERY SYSTEM

A method for treating waste water from various sources, removing solids and pollutants and then either evaporating or recycling the treated water. Waste water is received at the treatment site where the solids are removed before entering the system for treatment. The treatment consists of injecting the pressurized waste water into the exhaust stream of a turbine which is at least 900 degrees Fahrenheit, capturing it in pipes to keep it at above 600 degrees Fahrenheit for at sufficient time, temperature and turbulence to dispose of any volatile organic compounds. The system continues to either immediate atmospheric venting of the remaining treated water or in collecting ponds or tanks for evaporation. If the water is to be recovered it is cooled, condensed and sparged to release exhaust gases and the exhausted and condensed water is recovered. 1. A method of creating electrical power , removing pollutants from various waste water , recycling a portion of the treated water to be potable and recovering solids comprising:(a) electrical power is produced from commercially available power generation systems using liquid fueled turbines and attached generators with rated outputs ranging in scalability from 20 MW to 144 MW. Larger systems are available but may be cost prohibitive as part of the system. This system is controlled from a computer designed by its manufacturer and cooled to maintain an average temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit regardless of the size turbine used. The turbine enclosure is also temperature controlled using air conditioners to a maintain the specific temperature range indicated by the manufacturer for optimum output regardless of the outside ambient air temperature;2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a system for infusing pressurized waste water from a filtered holding tanks or ponds into the exhaust stream of the turbine at rates ranging from 3 barrels per minute to 75 barrels per minute. The temperature of the exhaust stream ranges ...

Waste water treatment system with buffering device and waste water treatment method therefor

Disclosed is a waste water treatment system with a buffering device, the system comprising a waste water pretreatment device, an evaporator, a circulating crystallizer, a crystal filtration device and a water removal device which communicate with each other in sequence, and further comprising a primary buffering device and a secondary buffering device, wherein one end of the primary buffering device is in bi-directional communication with the circulating crystallizer, and the other end thereof is connected to the evaporator; and the secondary buffering device is in bi-directional communication with the circulating crystallizer. Further disclosed is a waste water treatment method for a waste water treatment system with a buffering device.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SEPARATING HEAVY WATER FROM NORMAL WATER USING ACOUSTIC PRESSURE SHOCK WAVES

A method of separating heavy water from normal through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to a fluid including heavy water and normal water and recovering separated normal water. 1. A method of separating heavy water from normal water comprising applying separation acoustic pressure shock waves to a fluid including heavy water and normal water to separate the heavy water from the normal water and recovering heavy water separated from the normal water.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the fluid to produce a slush of normal water and ice crystals of heavy water prior to applying the shock waves to separate the heavy water from the normal water.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising applying mixing acoustic pressure shock waves to the fluid during said cooling to increase the speed of crystallization of the heavy water to ice crystals.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising providing hollow cold seeds in the fluid during said cooling.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to the fluid to separate the heavy water from the normal water in a water separation unit in a nuclear power plant.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to the fluid to separate the heavy water from the normal water in a water separation unit in a nuclear power plant.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to the fluid to separate the heavy water from the normal water in a water separation unit in a nuclear power plant.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to the fluid to separate the heavy water from the normal water in a water separation unit in a nuclear power plant.8. The method of claim 2 , further comprising applying the separation acoustic pressure shock waves to the fluid downward in the direction of the gravity as the fluid flows through a separation unit claim 2 , pushing heavy water ...

SCALE TRAPPING UNIT AND WATER HEATER

A scale trapping unit includes a casing having a water inlet and a water outlet at respective ends, and a scale adsorbing element loaded in the casing, the scale adsorbing element having opening ports, each of the opening ports having a representative length greater than a length of a scale particle. The casing has a void region at least at the end where the water inlet is located. A scale trapping unit inlet pipe is perpendicularly connected to a central portion of a bottom surface at the end of the casing where the water inlet is located. The scale trapping unit inlet pipe, the void region, and the scale adsorbing element are linearly aligned so that water flows therethrough in a constant direction. 1. A scale trapping unit comprising:a casing having a water inlet and a water outlet at respective ends; anda scale adsorbing element loaded in the casing, the scale adsorbing element having opening ports, each of the opening ports having a representative length greater than a length of a scale particle,the casing having a void region at least at the end where the water inlet is located,an expression of 0.005≦X/Y≦0.5 being satisfied, where X is a volume of the void region and Y is a volume of the scale adsorbing element.2. The scale trapping unit of claim 1 , wherein a water inlet pipe is perpendicularly connected to a central portion of a bottom surface at the end of the easing where the water inlet is located claim 1 , the water inlet pipe being linearly aligned with the void region and the scale adsorbing element so that water flows therethrough in a constant direction.3. The scale trapping unit of claim 1 , whereinthe scale adsorbing element is configured to have adsorption force to trap scale particles, andwhen the scale particles are trapped onto the scale adsorbing element maintained at high temperature with hot water, the scale particles are crystallized on a surface of the scale adsorbing element.4. The scale trapping unit of claim 1 , wherein a central ...

Method and apparatus with outlet for extracting molten salt

The invention relates to a device for drawing off liquid salt, particularly for facilities for purifying wastewater, said device comprising a heating chamber. The heating chamber comprises an inlet for introducing a salt-containing substance and is connected to an outlet for a salt melt. The outlet comprises an outlet channel and an outlet channel end, a cooling region for cooling the salt melt being provided down-stream of the outlet channel end. The outlet channel is peripherally surrounded by an outlet wall at least along a section, the outlet comprising heating element.

ELIMINATION OF SODIUM SULFATE FROM BIOLOGICALLY TREATED WASTEWATER

The application relates to a process comprising: treating a wastewater stream in a membrane bioreactor, treating the effluent from the previous step in a cationic on exchanger, and treating the effluent from the previous step in a nanomembrane filter. 1. A process comprising:a) treating a wastewater stream with high organic content in a membrane bioreactor,b) treating the effluent from step a) in a cationic ion exchanger, andc) treating the effluent from step b) in a nanomembrane filter.2. The process of wherein the membrane pore size of the membrane bioreactor is from about 1 μm to about 0.02 μm.3. The process of wherein the membrane pore size is from about 0.4 μm to about 0.03 μm.4. The process of wherein the membrane of the membrane bioreactor is of tubular configuration claim 1 , spiral configuration claim 1 , hollow fiber configuration claim 1 , or flat sheet configuration.5. The process of wherein the trans membrane pressure of the membrane bioreactor is from about 10 kPa to about 600 kPa.6. The process of wherein the cationic ion exchanger is of the carboxylic acid claim 1 , aminophosphonic acid claim 1 , iminodiacetic acid claim 1 , or sulfonic acid type.7. The process of wherein the cationic ion exchanger is in the sodium form.8. The process of wherein the nanomembrane filter has a molecular weight cut-off of from about 200 daltons to about 15 claim 1 ,000 daltons.9. The process of wherein the pressure drop in the nanomembrane filter is from about 1 kPa to about 4000 kPa.10. The process of wherein the temperature of the process is from about 15° C. to about 45° C.11. The process of wherein the effluent from step c) has a sodium sulfate concentration less than 500 mg/L.12. The process of further comprising isolation of sodium sulfate decahydrate.13. The process of wherein the isolation is by a crystallization process.14. The process of wherein the temperature of the crystallization process is from about 0° C. to about 5° C.15. The process of wherein the ...

Desalinization Device and Method of Using the Same

The invention is a high-salt waste water air powered low temperature evaporating device and method of use. A tray is mounted on a lifting platform; an air inlet and a water inlet are on the tray. Air distributing pipes are arranged at the center of the nested column tubes (). A groove () is installed at the top of the tray, and mounting points are accompanied by multiple nested column tubes (). The nested column tubes () are connected with the air inlet. An atomizer is arranged inside the air distributing pipes; and the atomizer is connected with the water distributing pipes. Using air power evaporates concentrated waste water multiple times so that the salt in the wastewater reaches saturated concentration, and therefore, the wastewater temperature is reduced, salt is crystallized and separated out, liquid is continuously evaporated, and the wastewater can be completely treated. 120. A high-salt wastewater air powered low-temperature evaporation device () , comprising:{'b': '1', 'a steel structure frame ();'}{'b': '2', 'a lifting platform and a tray ();'}{'b': '3', 'a nested tube column ();'}{'b': '33', 'nested column tubes ()'}{'b': '8', 'a plurality of atomizer(s) ();'}{'b': '6', 'a plurality of air distribution pipe(s) ();'}{'b': '7', 'a plurality of water distribution pipe(s) ();'}{'b': '9', 'a water inlet ();'}{'b': '5', 'an air inlet ();'}{'b': '12', 'a gas collecting cover ();'}{'b': '13', 'an air exhaust outlet ();'}{'b': '4', 'a concentrated liquid waste collecting groove ();'}{'b': '11', 'claim-text': {'b': '12', 'wherein the demister is provided inside the cover ();'}, 'a demister (),'}{'b': '10', 'a concentrated liquid outlet ();'}{'b': '30', 'a crystallization tank ();'}a blower; anda hot air blower;{'b': 3', '5', '6', '7, 'the nested tube column () being installed inside the steel structure frame, the tray is mounted on the lifting platform; and the air inlet () is provided above an air distributing pipe () and a water distributing pipe (),'}{'b': 5', ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR WELL WATER TREATMENT

There is provided a process for treating well water to produce drinking water. The process combines a vacuum tank process, an adsorption-desorption process, a heat-exchanger process, a membrane distillation-crystallization process. The process allows for some level of efficiency with regard to energy consumption and operational and maintenance costs. 1. A process for treating well water , comprising:(a) submitting well water to a vacuum tank process to obtain water vapor and brine;(b) submitting the water vapor to adsorption and desorption processes in an adsorption-desorption unit having one or more columns;(c) submitting the water vapor from step (b) to a heat-exchange process to obtain the drinking water and brine, wherein heat is exchanged between the water vapor and brine obtained from step (a); and(d) submitting brine obtained from steps (a) and (c) to a membrane distillation-crystallization process to obtain drinking water and a solid waste, the drinking water being combined to the drinking water obtained at step (c).2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of (al) adding an anti-scalant to water prior to step (a).3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the well is a deep well and the well water at step (a) has a temperature of about 60 to 90° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the well is a regular well and the well water is heated prior to step (a) claim 1 , optionally heating is performed with solar energy.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein at step (b) the water vapor is adsorbed on a hydrophilic adsorbent.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises simultaneously sparging air during the adsorption process.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein at step (b) claim 1 , the water vapor is desorbed from a hydrophilic adsorbent by passing the well water into coils of the column claim 1 , and the process comprises the further step of (b1) mixing the water from the coils with the well water; optionally the water from the coil is heated to ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT

There is provided a process and system for treating produced water. The process combines a vacuum tank process, an adsorption-desorption process, a heat-exchanger process, a membrane distillation-crystallization process. Also, the process may involve membrane separation and column distillation processes. The process allows for some level of efficiency with regard to energy consumption and operational and maintenance costs. 1. A process for treating produced water , comprising:(a) heating produced water to a temperature of about 60 to 90° C.;(b) submitting the heated produced water to a vacuum tank process to obtain water vapor and a mixture of brine and oil;(c) submitting the water vapor to adsorption and desorption processes in an adsorption-desorption unit having one or more columns;(d) submitting the water vapor from step (c) to a heat-exchange process to obtain the treated water, wherein heat is exchanged between the water vapor and the mixture of brine and oil from step (b); and(e) submitting the mixture of brine and oil obtained from step (d) to a membrane distillation process to obtain treated water and a mixture of brine and oil, the treated water being combined with the treated water obtained at step (d).2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:(f) submitting the mixture of brine and oil from step (e) to a crystallization process to obtain a mixture of water and oil vapors and salt; and(g) submitting the mixture of water and oil vapors to a column distillation process to obtain water vapor and residual oil, wherein the water vapor is combined with the water vapor obtained at step (c).3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:(f1) submitting the mixture of brine and oil from step (e) to a membrane separation process to obtain brine and residual oil, optionally the separation process comprises using a ceramic membrane; and(f) submitting the brine from step (f1) to a crystallization process to obtain water vapor and salt, wherein the water vapor is ...

High Recovery Desalination and Mineral Production System and Method

A system and method for increasing the water production efficiency of a desalination plant and producing concentrated calcium and magnesium is provided. A saline source water is preferably subjected to a first treatment such a passage through a first desalination unit, followed by dual treatment of the first treatment reject stream using physicochemical adsorption and electrodialysis to remove scale-forming calcium and magnesium. The reject stream from the dual treatment may then be received by a second desalination unit. Due to the removal of the majority of the saline source water's scale-forming minerals, the second desalination unit may be operated at higher operating limits than in conventional desalination units without significant concern for fouling due to scaling. The approach of the present system and method efficiently increases the fresh water production ratio from the source saline water while generating commercially attractive concentrated calcium and magnesium products.

Process for the work-up and reuse of salt-containing process water

A process for the work-up of salt-containing process water which contains an alkali metal chloride as salt in a concentration of at least 4% by weight and organic or inorganic and organic impurities from chemical production processes and reuse of the salt by a combination of prepurification and concentration, crystallization and purification of the salt and optionally subsequently use of the salt in an electrolysis for producing basic chemicals are described.

Raw water treatment method

Raw water G containing arsenic in an amount exceeding an environmental standard value is poured into a treatment bath filled with particulate carriers. The raw water G in the treatment bath is treated at a flow rate which does not allow production of ferric hydroxide in a suspended form in the raw water while adding an acidic iron solution to the raw water G so that the pH value of the raw water G is adjusted to 6.5-7.5. A ferric hydroxide membrane is produced on the entire surfaces of the carriers by contact oxidation reaction of dissolvable ferrous ions in the raw water G having the adjusted pH value, to cause the arsenic in the raw water G to be adsorbed on the ferric hydroxide.

METHOD FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF FLUID PROCESSING SYSTEM BASED ON CRYSTALLIZATION PROMOTING MEDIUM

Provided is a fluid processing apparatus using a crystallization promoting medium (CPM) as a fluid processing medium. The apparatus comprises one or more column bed units in parallel connection, wherein the column bed units may be connected in parallel with a bypass flow path having a check valve, and except the first column bed unit, each of the column bed units is provided with a check valve upstream thereof. Also provided is a method for improving the efficiency of a CPM-based fluid processing apparatus having only one column bed unit. The method comprises: replacing the column bed unit of the CPM-based fluid processing apparatus having only one fluid processing column bed unit with: (i) a plurality of secondary column bed units in parallel connection, wherein the secondary column bed units may be connected in parallel with a bypass flow path having a check valve; and except the first secondary column bed unit, each of the secondary column bed units is provided with a check valve upstream thereof; or (ii) one column bed unit and a bypass flow path that is connected in parallel with the column bed unit and has a check valve. Also provided is a proportional check valve that opens proportionally as the pressure increases. 1. A fluid processing apparatus , comprising: a fluid inlet tube , N column bed units in parallel connection , and a fluid outlet tube; each column bed unit containing a crystallization promoting medium (CPM) as a fluid processing medium for processing the fluid flowing therein; said N column bed units are all in fluid communication with the fluid inlet tube; wherein N is an integer greater than 1 , and except the first column bed unit , each column bed unit is provided with one check valve upstream thereof in the inflow direction , each check valve being designed to open and close under a specific fluid pressure; wherein when the total number of the check valves is two or more , at least two check valves have different opening pressure thresholds ...

RECYCLING TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR TANNERY WASTEWATER

A recycling treatment system for tannery wastewater is fixed between a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and filter press equipment, and the recycling treatment system contains: a first ultrafiltration unit, a second ultrafiltration unit, a cation exchange unit, an osmosis processing unit, a recycling tank, a RO concentration tank, and an evaporation unit. The first ultrafiltration unit includes a filtering tank, a plurality of ultrafiltration sets with plural first ultrafiltration bags and a fluid tube. The second ultrafiltration unit includes a concentration tank, at least one rotary ultrafiltration assembly, a backwash pipe, and a discharge pipe. The cation exchange unit includes a reaction sink and cationic resin. The osmosis processing unit includes plural first reverse osmosis sets and plural second reverse osmosis sets. The RO concentration tank is mounted beside the osmosis processing unit, and the evaporation unit is configured between the RO concentration tank and the recycling tank. 1. A recycling treatment system for tannery wastewater being fixed between a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and filter press equipment , and the recycling treatment system comprising:a first ultrafiltration unit including a filtering tank configured to store concentrated sludge from the sequencing batch reactor, and the first ultrafiltration unit also including a plurality of ultrafiltration sets, each ultrafiltration set depositing in the filtering tank and formed in a circular disc shape, said each ultrafiltration set having plural first ultrafiltration bags arranged therein, and said each ultrafiltration set also having a fluid tube configured to pump filtered fluids out of the filtering tank from the plural first ultrafiltration bags; a cation exchange unit connected with one end of the fluid tube and including a reaction sink and cationic resin filled in the reaction sink;', 'an osmosis processing unit mounted beside the cation exchange unit and including plural first ...

METHOD FOR WATER PURIFICATION BY DIRECT OSMOSIS AND CRYSTALLISATION OF CLATHRATES HYDRATES

A method is disclosed for purifying, by direct osmosis, a first liquid including water and at least one impurity, in which the method comprises the consecutive steps of: contacting the first liquid with a first side of a semi-permeable membrane, a second aqueous liquid containing an osmotic agent being in contact with the second side of the semi-permeable membrane, whereby water is extracted by direct osmosis from the first liquid through the semi-permeable membrane and passes into the second liquid containing the osmotic agent; forming clathrates hydrates of a host molecule in the second liquid containing the osmotic agent into which the water has passed; separating the clathrates hydrates from the second liquid containing the osmotic agent; and dissociating the separated clathrates hydrates to obtain pure water and the host molecule. 1. A method for purifying a first liquid comprising water and at least one impurity , by direct osmosis , in which the following successive steps are performed:a) contacting the first liquid with a first side of a semi-permeable membrane, a second aqueous liquid containing an osmotic agent being in contact with the second side of the semi-permeable membrane, whereby water is extracted by direct osmosis from the first liquid through the semi-permeable membrane and passes into the second liquid containing the osmotic agent;b) forming clathrates hydrates of a host molecule in the second liquid containing the osmotic agent into which the water has passed;c) separating the clathrates hydrates from the second liquid containing the osmotic agent; andd) dissociating the separated clathrates hydrates to obtain pure water and the host molecule.2. The method according to claim 1 , which is continuously performed.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are aqueous solutions.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the impurity is any element claim 1 , molecule claim 1 , ion claim 1 , or other claim ...

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS

Embodiments of this disclosure provide a liquid treatment apparatus. The liquid treatment apparatus comprises: a housing which is of a cylindrical shape and comprises an accommodating space; an inlet for a liquid to flow into the accommodating space; an outlet for the liquid to flow out of the accommodating space; a treatment medium used for treating the liquid contacting the treatment medium; and a spiral flow-guiding device making the liquid in the accommodating space flow in a spiral direction around an axis of the cylindrical shape at least before contacting the treatment medium or in contacting the treatment medium. An advantage of this disclosure exists in by making the liquid in the liquid treatment apparatus flow in a spiral direction before contacting the treatment medium, natural energy in the liquid is increased, thereby improving a capability of the treatment medium in treating the liquid. 1. A liquid treatment apparatus , characterized in that the liquid treatment apparatus comprises:{'b': 05', '11', '201, 'a housing (, , ) which is of a cylindrical shape and comprises an accommodating space;'}an inlet for a liquid to flow into the accommodating space;an outlet for the liquid to flow out of the accommodating space;{'b': '06', 'a treatment medium () used for treating the liquid contacting the treatment medium; and'}{'b': 03', '33', '34', '36', '37', '39', '41', '06, 'liquid treatment apparatus (, , , , , , ) making the liquid in the accommodating space flow in a spiral direction around an axis of the cylindrical shape at least before contacting the treatment medium or in contacting the treatment medium ();'}wherein the accommodating space at least comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being used to set the spiral flow-guiding devices so that the liquid flows in the spiral direction around the axis of the cylindrical shape, and the second portion being used to set the treatment medium to process the liquid.2. The liquid ...

EMANCIPATIVE WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE STRIPPING TO REMOVE INTERNAL PHOSPHORUS ("eWASSTRIP")

A method of treating a mixture of microorganisms containing phosphorus and magnesium, by first inducing the mixture microorganisms to release phosphorus and magnesium. Next an emancipation or elutriation is performed. Phosphorus and magnesium-rich liquid is then tapped off as the mixture is thickened, to produce phosphorus and magnesium-rich liquid and phosphorus and magnesium-reduced treated mixture. This treated mixture is placed in an anaerobic digester where ammonia is formed but combines very little with phosphorus or magnesium as these elements have been reduced in concentration. Then the high-ammonia mixture is dewatered, to produce an ammonia-rich liquid, which is combined with the phosphorus and magnesium-rich liquid. In one preferred example a useable struvite product is harvested from this combination. Additionally, the production of nuisance struvite in the anaerobic digester is reduced, in comparison with prior art waste treatment methods.

Enhanced flocculation of intractable slurries using silicate ions

Methods are provided for treating intimately dispersed mixtures of water, bitumen, and fine clay particles, such as oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT). Select methods use dissolved silicate ions and a base (alkali), optionally in combination with a biopolymer, to flocculate a slurry. A mixing regime is disclosed involving the addition to MFT of silicate ions in solution and alkali, to initiate aggregation/destabilization of clay particles. Methods are exemplified that provide distinct sediment layers in conjunction with the release of residual bitumen (for example 40-50% of the initial bitumen content). In these exemplified embodiments, a densely packed bottom layer containing ˜75 wt. % solids showed high yield stress values (3.5-5.5 kPa) and entrapped little residual bitumen (0.2-0.3 wt. %). The methods accordingly segregate a material suitable for reclamation.

AMMONIA GAS REMOVAL SYSTEM USING CO2 ULTRAFINE BUBBLE

There is provided an ammonia gas removal system, including a fine bubble generation device which is configured to receive at least a portion of scrubber process water from a storage tank, and to generate fine bubbles containing carbon dioxide gas in the received scrubber process water, the storage tank being configured to store the scrubber process water to be provided to a gas scrubber, the gas scrubber being configured to spray the process water onto ammonia-containing gas. 1. An ammonia gas removal system comprising a fine bubble generation device ,wherein the fine bubble generation device is configured to receive at least a portion of scrubber process water from a storage tank and to generate fine bubbles containing carbon dioxide gas in the received scrubber process water, andwherein the storage tank is configured to store the scrubber process water to be provided to a gas scrubber, the gas scrubber being configured to spray the process water onto ammonia-containing gas.2. The ammonia gas removal system of claim 1 , further comprising the gas scrubber configured to spray the scrubber process water stored in the storage tank onto the ammonia-containing gas claim 1 ,wherein the gas scrubber and the storage tank are operatively coupled to each other, such that a product generated by a spraying operation of the gas scrubber is stored in the storage tank,wherein a portion of the process water stored in the storage tank and containing the product is provided to the fine bubble generation device, and the fine bubble generation device is configured to generate fine bubbles containing carbon dioxide gas in the process water provided from the gas scrubber, and to provide the process water to the storage tank.3230. The ammonia gas removal system of claim 1 , wherein the fine bubble generation device comprises an injection portion configured to inject carbon dioxide gas into the scrubber process water provided from the storage tank claim 1 , and a dynamic dissolution ...

TREATMENT OF PHOSPHATE-CONTAINING WASTEWATER WITH FLUOROSILICATE AND PHOSPHATE RECOVERY

A method for treating phosphate-containing wastewater, such as phosphogypsum pond water. The method includes the steps of: (a) adding a first cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluorosilicate from the wastewater; (b) adding a second cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluoride from the wastewater; (c) raising the pH of the wastewater to precipitate the second cation from the wastewater; (d) removing residual silica from the wastewater; and (e) precipitating phosphate from the wastewater. The precipitated fluorosilicate may be sodium fluorosilicate. The precipitated phosphate may be struvite. 1. A method for treating phosphate-containing wastewater , the method comprising:(a) adding a first cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluorosilicate from the wastewater;(b) adding a second cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluoride from the wastewater;(c) raising the pH of the wastewater to precipitate the second cation from the wastewater;(d) removing residual silica from the wastewater; and(e) precipitating phosphate from the wastewaterwherein step (e) comprises controllably adding magnesium and/or ammonia to precipitate the phosphate as struvite or a struvite analog.2. A method according to wherein step (a) comprises raising the pH of the wastewater to about pH 2.0 to precipitate the fluorosilicate.3. A method according to wherein step (a) comprises adding a stoichiometric amount of the first cation to precipitate the fluorosilicate.4. A method according to wherein step (a) comprises adding an excess amount of the first cation to precipitate the fluorosilicate.5. A method according to wherein the first cation comprises a sodium compound and the fluorosilicate comprises sodium fluorosilicate.6. A method according to wherein the first cation comprises a calcium compound and the fluorosilicate comprises calcium fluorosilicate.7. A method according to wherein the first cation comprises a magnesium compound and the fluorosilicate comprises magnesium ...

REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM WITH FLUIDIZED BED CRYSTALLIZER

A reverse osmosis desalination system for treating feed water, the feed water containing minerals, the system comprising a reverse osmosis unit comprising a first reverse osmosis stage () and a second reverse osmosis stage (), each of the reverse osmosis stages () having a feed water input, a product water outlet and a brine outlet, and a fluidized bed crystallizer (), configured to remove minerals from the water, wherein the fluidized bed crystallizer () receives brine from the first reverse osmosis stage () and passes treated water to the feed water input of the second reverse osmosis stage (). 1. A reverse osmosis desalination system for treating feed water , the feed water containing minerals , the system comprising:a reverse osmosis unit comprising a first reverse osmosis stage and a second reverse osmosis stage, each of the reverse osmosis stages having a feed water input, a product water outlet and a brine outlet, anda fluidized bed crystallizer, configured to remove minerals from the water,wherein the fluidized bed crystallizer receives brine from the first reverse osmosis stage and passes treated water to the feed water input of the second reverse osmosis stage.2. The system of wherein the second reverse osmosis stage is downstream of the first reverse osmosis stage.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second reverse osmosis stage is a final reverse osmosis stage.4. The system of wherein the second reverse osmosis stage is upstream of the first reverse osmosis stage claim 1 , the fluidized bed crystallizer being located in a brine recycling line claim 1 , such that brine from the second reverse osmosis stage is supplied to the feed water input of the first reverse osmosis stage.5. The system of comprising at least one further reverse osmosis stage having a feed water input claim 4 , the fluidized bed crystallizer further passing treated water to the feed water input of the at least one further reverse osmosis stages.6. The system of wherein the brine ...

RESOURCE RECOVERY METHOD USING MULTI-STAGE SUBMERGED MEMBRANE DISTILLATION WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS

A resource recovery method includes: feeding raw water to a first-stage raw water tank; supplying high-temperature vapor to a first-stage heat exchanger; performing heat exchange between the supplied high-temperature vapor and the raw water in the first-stage raw water tank, changing a portion of the water into vapor and supplying the changed vapor to a subsequent-stage heat exchanger; repeatedly performing the performing step for each of the raw water tanks sequentially in the order from a second state to a n-th stage; being feed to a crystallizer from the n-th stage raw water tank; detecting a turbidity of the raw water fed to the crystallizer from the n-th-stage raw water tank; and extracting crystals of valuable resources contained in the raw water fed to the crystallizer from the n-th-stage raw water tank when the turbidity of the raw water becomes a predetermined value. 1. A resource recovery method using a membrane distillation water treatment apparatus including: a plurality of membrane distillation (MD) modules arranged in multiple stages ranging from a first stage to an n-th stage and submerged in raw water in respective raw water tanks arranged in multiple stages ranging from the first stage to the n-th stage , the MD modules discharging a portion of the raw water as vapor; and a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in multiple stages ranging from the first stage to the n-th stage , each heat exchanger performing heat exchange using the vapor supplied from a previous-stage MD module of the MD modules , thereby maintaining the raw water in each raw water tank at a predetermined temperature , the method comprising:a first step at which a raw water feeder feeds raw water to the first-stage raw water tank;a second step at which a vapor generator supplies high-temperature vapor to the first-stage heat exchanger;a third step at which the first stage heat exchanger performs heat exchange between the supplied high-temperature vapor and the raw water in the first ...

Method and System for Treating Brine Waste Water

The present invention relates to a method for zero-release treatment of brine waste water, comprising: (1) pretreatment; (2) reverse osmosis treatment; (3) advanced oxidation treatment; (4) biochemical treatment; (5) electrodialysis concentration; (6) circulating crystallization. Compared with the prior art, the method for zero-release treatment of brine waste water provided in the present invention realizes zero release or near zero release of waste water, improves salt recovery efficiency, can recover high-quality sodium sulfate, mirabilite and sodium chloride, and turns crystalline salts into a resource; the membrane treatment unit can operates stably in the process for a long operation period at a low cost, and the entire process has high economic efficiency. 1. A method for treatment of brine waste water , comprising:(1) pretreatment: the pretreatment includes softening, coagulation and sedimentation, rough filtration and ultrafiltration procedures, and the water outputted is treated by reverse osmosis treatment;(2) reverse osmosis treatment: the water outputted from the pretreatment process is treated by intermediate pressure reverse osmosis first, producing a first diluted water and a first concentrate water, the first diluted water produced through the intermediate pressure reverse osmosis is sent to be reused, the first concentrated water produced in the intermediate pressure reverse osmosis is treated by high pressure reverse osmosis then, producing a second diluted water and a second concentrate water, the second diluted water produced through the high pressure reverse osmosis is sent to be reused, and the second concentrated water produced in the high pressure reverse osmosis is treated by biochemical treatment;(3) biochemical treatment: carried out in a membrane bioreactor containing a salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and a microbial growth promoter therein, to reduce or even eliminate COD and total nitrogen;(4) electrodialysis concentration: the water ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING HIGH SALINITY WATER

The present application is relate to a method and system for treating high salinity water, comprising the following steps: step 1, by a first membrane concentration unit, concentrating the raw water; step 2, with the assistance of a crystallization initiation unit, mixing the raw water concentrated, initiating crystallization by a seed crystal, and, discharging precipitated crystals; step 3, with the assistance of a crystallization termination unit, firstly, introducing the resulting water of the crystallization initiation unit, then, terminating crystallization, secondly, discharging precipitated miscellaneous salts; step 4, with the assistance of a mechanical filter unit, the liquid to discharged from the crystallization termination unit flowing through the mechanical filter unit, removing the residual seed crystal and floccules; step 6, with the assistance of a second membrane concentration unit, the concentrated salinity water entering the second membrane concentration unit for concentration. 1. A method for treating high salinity water , comprising: firstly , introducing raw water after pretreatment , and initiating crystallization of the raw water by crystal seeding method; then , discharging precipitated crystals , and introducing first resulting water obtained after precipitating crystals to a next procedure; thirdly , introducing the first resulting water obtained after precipitating crystals , and performing miscellaneous salts precipitation treatment; subsequently , discharging precipitated miscellaneous salts , and introducing second resulting water obtained after precipitating miscellaneous salts to another next procedure;the method specifically comprising:Step 1: performing pretreatment by a first membrane concentration unit and concentrating the raw water until degree of supersaturation is more than 100%;Step 2: with the assistance of a crystallization initiation unit, firstly, mixing and then introducing the raw water concentrated in the step 1 into ...

METHOD FOR SEPARATING TRITIATED WATER FROM LIGHT WATER

Provided is an industrially feasible method for separating tritiated water from light water. 1. A method for separating tritiated water from light water , comprising: 'by converting into a gas hydrate consisting essentially of tritiated water and heavy water as the crystal structure under a condition of converting into the gas hydrate of at least one of heavy water and tritiated water, and yet keeping light water in the liquid state, and', 'a step of removing tritiated water and heavy water from light water by adding heavy water to a liquid mixture containing tritiated water and light water,'} by breaking the gas hydrate structure containing tritiated water and heavy water, so as to get a liquid mixture,', 'by converting the liquid mixture containing tritiated water and heavy water into a gas hydrate containing tritiated water in the crystal structure under a condition of converting into a gas hydrate containing tritiated water in the crystal structure and yet keeping heavy water in the liquid condition and then,', 'by breaking the gas hydrate structure of tritiated water, so as to collecting tritiated water in that order., 'a step of separating tritiated water from heavy water'}2. The method for separating tritiated water from light water according to claim 1 , wherein:the liquid mixture containing tritiated water and heavy water obtained by breaking the gas hydrate containing tritiated water and heavy water in the crystal structure may be recrystallized repeatedly for removal or reduction of light water contained in the gas hydrate and then, the liquid mixture containing tritiated water and heavy water may be converted into gas hydrate of tritiated water under a condition of converting into the gas hydrate of tritiated water and yet keeping heavy water in the liquid state. The present invention relates to a method for separating tritiated water from light water.Most of radioactive nuclear species in the contaminated water stored in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power ...

Method for recovering n from a liquid waste stream

The present invention relates to a method for recovering N from a liquid waste stream; such as a stream of urine or manure, such as human urine, said method comprising passing said waste stream through a multi-compartment electrodialysis bipolar membrane (EDBM) system.

Salt production from wastewater

Many processes generate wastewater streams rich in sulfate and chloride. These salt components are traditionally not recovered and are discharged to the environment. The invention recovers pure water for recycle/reuse and simultaneously generates valuable pure salts of NaCl and Na2SO 4 for beneficial reuse, eliminating the waste stream. Process consists of the sequential crystallization of salt products with an intermediate purification step in which a chemical reactant is added to elevate levels of purity. The process is configured to simultaneously achieve zero liquid discharge.

TREATMENT OF PHOSPHATE-CONTAINING WASTEWATER AND METHODS FOR FINES CONTROL

Methods and apparatus for precipitating dissolved materials from an aqueous solution are provided. In an embodiment, the method comprises: introducing the aqueous solution into a reactor and introducing a source of magnesium (Mg) into the reactor in a quantity sufficient to cause the dissolved materials to precipitate into crystals. The source of Mg is introduced into the reactor in the form of particles of a Mg-containing material. The source of Mg has a solubility in the aqueous solution of less than about 1 g/L. Alternatively, the concentration of Mg in the reactor is less than about 0.03 mol/L. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a reaction tank having an inlet and an outlet and a hydration tank associated with the reaction tank and configured for hydrating a source of Mg in an aqueous solvent and introducing the source of Mg as a hydrated slurry into the reaction tank. 1. A method for precipitating dissolved materials from an aqueous solution , the method comprising:introducing the aqueous solution containing the dissolved materials into a reactor; andintroducing a source of magnesium (Mg) into the reactor in a quantity sufficient to cause the dissolved materials in the aqueous solution to precipitate into crystals, wherein the source of Mg is introduced into the reactor in the form of particles of a Mg-containing material, andwherein the source of Mg has a solubility in the aqueous solution of less than about 1 g/L and/or the concentration of available Mg in the reactor is less than about 0.03 mol/L.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the source of Mg is introduced as a hydrated slurry.3. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising making the hydrated slurry by adding water to the source of Mg and soaking the source of Mg for a hydration time before introducing the hydrated slurry into the reactor.4. (canceled)5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the source of Mg has a solubility in aqueous solvent of about 5 mg/L to about 150 mg/L.6. ...

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS AND WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

Provided are a water treatment system and a water treatment process, which are capable of reproducing water containing salts with high water recovery. A water treatment system comprises a second demineralizing section that separates water to be treated containing Ca ions, SOions and carbonate ions into concentrated water in which the Ca ions and the SOions are concentrated and treated water; a crystallizing section which is positioned on a downstream side of the second demineralizing section and which includes a second crystallizing tank that crystallizes gypsum from the concentrated water and a seed crystal supplying section that supplies seed crystals of gypsum to the second crystallizing tank ; and a separating section that is positioned on a downstream side of the crystallizing section and separates the gypsum from the concentrated water. 1. A water treatment process comprising:{'sub': 4', '4, 'a demineralizing step of separating water to be treated containing Ca ions, SOions, and carbonate ions into concentrated water in which the Ca ions, the SOions, and the carbonate ions are concentrated and treated water;'}a crystallizing step of supplying seed crystals of gypsum to the concentrated water so that gypsum is crystallized from the concentrated water; anda separating step of separating the gypsum from the concentrated water after the crystallizing step.2. The water treatment process according to claim 1 , wherein among the gypsum deposited in the crystallizing step claim 1 , gypsum having a predetermined size is recovered in the separating step.3. The water treatment process according to claim 1 , wherein the gypsum separated in the separating step is used as seed crystals of the gypsum.4. The water treatment process according to claim 1 ,wherein the separating step is carried out a plurality of times in a flowing direction of the water to be treated per the crystallizing step,wherein the size of the gypsum to be separated in the separating step carried out on ...

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS AND WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

In a water treatment system and a water treatment process, a scale inhibitor is supplied to water to be treated containing Ca ions, SOions, carbonate ions, and silica, and the water to be treated is adjusted to a pH at which silica is soluble. The pH-adjusted water containing the calcium scale inhibitor is separated in a first demineralizing section into concentrated and treated water. In a first crystallizing section, seed crystals of gypsum are supplied to the first concentrated water, whereby gypsum is crystallized and removed from the first concentrated water. Silica in the water to be treated is removed from the first concentrated water on the downstream side of the first crystallizing section. Calcium carbonate in the water to be treated is removed from the first concentrated water on the upstream side of the first demineralizing section or the downstream side of the first crystallizing section. 1. A water treatment process comprising:{'sub': '4', 'a first scale inhibitor supplying step of supplying a calcium scale inhibitor which is a scale inhibitor for inhibiting the deposition of a scale containing calcium to water to be treated containing Ca ions, SOions, carbonate ions and silica;'}a first pH adjusting step of adjusting the water to be treated to a pH at which the silica is soluble in the water to be treated;{'sub': '4', 'a first demineralizing step of separating the water to be treated into first concentrated water in which the Ca ions, the SOions, the carbonate ions and the silica are concentrated and treated water after the first scale inhibitor supplying step and the first pH adjusting step; and'}a first crystallizing step of supplying seed crystals of gypsum to the first concentrated water so that gypsum is crystallized from the first concentrated water,wherein the water treatment process further comprises, after the first crystallizing step:a second scale inhibitor supplying step of supplying the calcium scale inhibitor and a silica scale inhibitor ...

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS AND WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

Provided are a water treatment system and a water treatment process, which are capable of reproducing water containing salts with high water recovery. In the water treatment system () and the water treatment process of the present invention, after a calcium scale inhibitor and a silica scale inhibitor are supplied to water to be treated containing Ca ions, SOions, carbonate ions, and silica, and the water to be treated is separated in a second demineralizing section () into second concentrated water in which the Ca ions, the SOions, the carbonate ions, and the silica are concentrated and treated water. In a second crystallizing section (), seed crystals of gypsum are supplied to the second concentrated water, whereby gypsum is crystallized and removed from the second concentrated water. 1. A water treatment process , comprising:{'sub': '4', 'a scale inhibitor supplying step of supplying a calcium scale inhibitor which is a scale inhibitor for inhibiting the deposition of a scale containing calcium and a silica scale inhibitor which is a scale inhibitor for inhibiting the deposition of silica to water to be treated containing Ca ions, SOions, carbonate ions and silica;'}{'sub': '4', 'a demineralizing step of separating the water to be treated into concentrated water in which the Ca ions, the SOions, the carbonate ions and the silica are concentrated and treated water after the scale inhibitor supplying step; and'}a crystallizing step of supplying seed crystals of gypsum to the concentrated water so that gypsum is crystallized from the concentrated water.2. The water treatment process according to claim 1 , comprising a pH adjusting step of adjusting the concentrated water to a pH at which a scale inhibition function of the calcium scale inhibitor is reduced claim 1 , thereby promoting the deposition of the gypsum in the crystallizing step.3. The water treatment process according to claim 1 , comprising a downstream side demineralizing step of separating concentrated ...

DESALTING APPARATUS USING SOLVENT AND THE METHOD THEREOF

Disclosed is a desalination apparatus using a solvent extraction scheme. The desalination apparatus using a solvent extraction scheme includes a source water supply module configured to supply source water including salt of a first concentration and water, a functional solvent supply module configured to supply a functional solvent, of which the solubility in water varies according to temperature, a mixing module configured to mix the source water from the source water supply module and the functional solvent from the functional solvent supply module, a first separation module configured to receive mixture water, in which the source water and the functional solvent are mixed, from the mixing module, and dissolve the water contained in the source water in the functional solvent, a salt crystallization module configured to receive the source water including salt of a second concentration that is higher than the first concentration, from which the water has been removed, from the first separation module, and a second separation module configured to receive the functional solvent, in which the water has been dissolved, from the first separation module, and thermally separate the water and the functional solvent at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. 1. A desalination apparatus using a solvent extraction scheme , the desalination apparatus comprising:a source water supply module configured to supply source water comprising salt of a first concentration and water;a functional solvent supply module configured to supply a functional solvent, of which the solubility in water varies according to temperature;a mixing module configured to mix the source water from the source water supply module and the functional solvent from the functional solvent supply module;a first separation module configured to receive mixture water, in which the source water and the functional solvent are mixed, from the mixing module, and dissolve the water contained in the ...

Systems, Apparatus, and Methods for Separating Salts from Water

A system, method, and apparatus for desalinating water, such as seawater. The system, method, and/or apparatus includes an electrodialysis cell that can separate monovalent ionic species from multivalent ionic species, so they may be separately treated. Each separate treatment may include precipitation of salt via the use of an organic solvent, followed by processing of precipitated salts and membrane treatment of water to remove solvent and remaining salts.

FLUID TREATMENT REACTOR

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a fluid treatment reactor. Separate input ports for influent and recycled effluent serve to eliminate the need for pH adjustment or carbonate stripping of the influent and recycled effluent flows. The fluid treatment reactor may include a media, a vessel including a top portion and a bottom portion, a solid discharge port, an effluent discharge port, an influent input in fluid communication with the media, and a recycled effluent port in fluid communication with the media. 1. A crystallization precipitation reactor , comprising:a media;a vessel including a top portion and a bottom portion;a solid discharge port defined in the vessel between the top and bottom portion;an effluent discharge port defined in the vessel proximate the top portion of the vessel;an influent input port defined in the bottom portion of the vessel and in fluid communication with the media; anda recycled effluent port defined in the bottom portion of the vessel and in fluid communication with the media.2. The crystallization precipitation reactor of claim 1 , comprising a media inlet port to allow for recharging or addition of clean media to keep the process with sufficient media to provide effective treatment.3. The crystallization precipitation reactor of claim 1 , wherein the influent input port and the recycled effluent port are concentric.4. The crystallization precipitation reactor of claim 1 , comprising a reagent nozzle coupled to the vessel and in fluid communication with the media and a reagent source.5. The crystallization precipitation reactor of claim 3 , wherein the recycled effluent port is in fluid communication with the reagent source.6. The crystallization precipitation reactor of claim of claim 1 , wherein the influent port is coupled to a first pipe and in fluid communication with an influent source.7. The crystallization precipitation reactor of claim 1 , wherein the recycled effluent port is coupled to a second pipe and ...

ION-EXCHANGE RESIN REGENERATION SYSTEM

An ion-exchange resin regeneration system includes: salt water flowing means that flows an aqueous sodium chloride solution or an aqueous potassium chloride solution into a container storing ion-exchange resin; and hard water component crystallizing means that crystallizes and removes hard water components containing metal ions from drained water arising from the ion-exchange resin through which the aqueous sodium chloride solution or the aqueous potassium chloride solution has flowed. 1. An ion-exchange resin regeneration system comprising:salt water flowing means that flows an aqueous sodium chloride solution or an aqueous potassium chloride solution into a container storing ion-exchange resin; andhard water component crystallizing means that crystallizes and removes hard water components containing metal ions from drained water arising from the ion-exchange resin through which the aqueous sodium chloride solution or the aqueous potassium chloride solution has flowed.2. The ion-exchange resin regeneration system of claim 1 , whereinthe hard water component crystallizing means includes:an ion removal device that generates fine bubbles and supplies the fine bubbles into the drained water, to thereby allow metal ions in the drained water to be adsorbed on the fine bubbles.3. The ion-exchange resin regeneration system of claim 1 , whereinthe hard water component crystallizing means includes:chemical agent projecting means that projects into the drained water a chemical agent that produces anions producing hardly soluble salt with metal ions contained the hard water.4. The ion-exchange resin regeneration system of claim 1 , further comprising:separating means that separates crystals of hard water components crystallized and precipitated.5. The ion-exchange resin regeneration system of claim 2 , further comprising:separating means that separates crystals of hard water components crystallized and precipitated.6. The ion-exchange resin regeneration system of claim 3 , ...

ELIMINATION OF SODIUM SULFATE FROM BIOLOGICALLY TREATED WASTEWATER

The application relates to a process comprising: treating a wastewater stream in a membrane bioreactor, treating the effluent from the previous step in a cationic on exchanger, and treating the effluent from the previous step in a nanomembrane filter. 1. A process comprising:a) treating a wastewater stream with high organic content in a membrane bioreactor,b) treating the effluent from step a) in a cationic ion exchanger, andc) treating the effluent from step b) in a nanomembrane filter.2. The process of wherein the membrane pore size of the membrane bioreactor is from about 1 μm to about 0.02 μm.3. The process of wherein the membrane pore size is from about 0.4 μm to about 0.03 μm.4. The process of wherein the membrane of the membrane bioreactor is of tubular configuration claim 1 , spiral configuration claim 1 , hollow fiber configuration claim 1 , or flat sheet configuration.5. The process of wherein the trans membrane pressure of the membrane bioreactor is from about 10 kPa to about 600 kPa.6. The process of wherein the cationic ion exchanger is of the carboxylic acid claim 1 , aminophosphonic acid claim 1 , iminodiacetic acid claim 1 , or sulfonic acid type.7. The process of wherein the cationic ion exchanger is in the sodium form.8. The process of wherein the nanomembrane filter has a molecular weight cut-off of from about 200 daltons to about 15 claim 1 ,000 daltons.9. The process of wherein the pressure drop in the nanomembrane filter is from about 1 kPa to about 4000 kPa.10. The process of wherein the temperature of the process is from about 15° C. to about 45° C.11. The process of wherein the effluent from step c) has a sodium sulfate concentration less than 500 mg/L.12. The process of further comprising isolation of sodium sulfate decahydrate.13. The process of wherein the isolation is by a crystallization process.14. The process of wherein the temperature of the crystallization process is from about 0° C. to about 5° C.15. The process of wherein the ...

SCALE REDUCTION CARTRIDGE SYSTEM

This invention relates in general to a system for treating hard water encountered in aircraft potable water equipment; such as hot water heaters and, more particularly, to the prevention of scale deposits in aircraft lavatory and galley heated water system components by installing a unique scale reduction system. The scale reduction system generally comprised of a housing with a modular cartridge inserted therein. The cartridge is porous and contains a chemical composition within its inner cavity, and this chemical composition is mixed with untreated inlet fluid flow so that the outlet flow is of a sufficiently diluted concentration. Various chemical compositions may be utilized to counteract any number of conditions that affect potable water equipment and, in one embodiment, a water softening agent is utilized to combat scale build-up in aircraft plumbing. 1. A scale reduction system comprising:a housing having an inlet and an outlet that are fluidly interconnected by a recess within the housing;a cartridge disposed within the recess and comprising a first plate and a second plate that each include an inner and an outer face, a sidewall extending between the inner faces of the plates, the plates and sidewall defining a first inner volume of the cartridge; anda first chemical composition contained within the first inner volume of the cartridge.2. The scale reduction system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet is disposed at a first end of the housing and the outlet is disposed at an opposing second end of the housing.3. The scale reduction system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and the outlet are both disposed at a first end of the housing.4. The scale reduction system of claim 1 , wherein the first chemical composition is a powdered media.5. The scale reduction system of claim 1 , wherein the first chemical composition comprises a water softening agent.6. The scale reduction system of claim 6 , wherein the water softening agent is chosen from the group consisting of Eagle ...

PROCESS TO RECOVER AMMONIUM BICARBONATE FROM WASTEWATER

The present invention is a process, a method, and system for recovery and concentration of dissolved ammonium bicarbonate from a wastewater containing ammonia (NH3) using gas separation, condensation, filtration, and crystallization, each at controlled operating temperatures. The present invention includes 1) removal of ammonia from waste (sludges, semi-solids, and solids and liquids) without the use of chemicals at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius, 2) mixing of the gaseous ammonia with carbon dioxide and water vapor and concentrating dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate using reverse osmosis at a temperature of between about 35 and 50 degrees Celsius, and 3) crystallizing concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate at a temperature of less than about 35 degrees Celsius to form solid ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. 123-. (canceled)24. A process to treat wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen comprising:treating the wastewater at a temperature of at least 60 degrees Celsius to create a gas and, without the addition of chemicals that are not inherently present in the wastewater, converting substantially all ammonia in the wastewater to gaseous form in the gas;cooling the gas and mixing the gas containing gaseous ammonia with carbon dioxide and water vapor forming dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate in a liquid condensate, wherein each of the ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor are derived from the wastewater;crystallizing the concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate condensate.25. The process according to claim 24 , further comprising a step of concentrating the dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.26. The process according to claim 25 , wherein the dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate are concentrated to a saturation concentration in the liquid condensate using reverse osmosis operating at a temperature between 35 and 50 ...

Process for manufacturing potable water and apparatus therefor

It is to provide a process for manufacturing potable water from a liquid to be treated, such as seawater by using forward osmosis membrane, wherein the solution after the separation of water from dilute draw solution diluted by the migration of water from the liquid to be treated, is stably regenerated and reutilized and an apparatus therefor, and the process and apparatus are a process for manufacturing potable water which comprises, a forward osmosis step wherein a liquid of which solvent is water is allowed to contact with a draw solution produced by dissolving a prescribed amount of a volatile material in water through a semi-permeable membrane, and water in said liquid is allowed to migrate to said draw solution through said semi-permeable membrane, a distillation step wherein a dilute draw solution having been diluted with water which was produced in said step is adjusted to a prescribed temperature, and then is delivered to a distillation column where gas comprising the volatile material and water vapor is discharged from the top of the column and potable water is discharged from the bottom of the column, and a cooling • regeneration step wherein said draw solution is regenerated by cooling said gas and an apparatus therefor.

Integrated system for chemical reaction, sedimentation and oxidation in water treatment processes

The present invention provides for a multi-stage water treatment system for a plurality of aqueous solutions generated in municipal and industrial processes, e.g., oil and gas field operations, poultry processing, meat processing, dairy processing, and mineral extraction among others. A sequence of different processing steps is carried out, based on the characterization of the composition of contaminants present in the water to be treated. The steps to be carried out include chemical reaction in a series of reactor tanks, sedimentation in slanted plates chamber, air flotation and disinfection, hydrocarbon recovery by a scraper located in a flotation cell. A series of conventional methods are selected to be applied in series for the removal of the contaminants. The process design of an integrated chemical reaction, sedimentation and oxidation system to be used in water treatment of aqueous effluents is presented which is suitable for municipal and industrial processes.

Air pollution control system, air pollution control method, spray drying device of dewatering filtration fluid from desulfurization discharged water, and method thereof

To include a boiler 11 that burns fuel F, an air heater 13 that recovers heat of flue gas 18 from the boiler 11 , a first precipitator 14 that reduces dust in the flue gas 18 after heat recovery, a desulfurizer 15 that reduces sulfur oxides in the flue gas 18 after dust reduction by an absorbent, a dewaterer 32 that reduces gypsum 31 from desulfurization discharged water 30 discharged from the desulfurizer 15 , a spray drying device 34 including an atomizer that atomizes a dewatering filtration fluid 33 discharged from the dewaterer 32 , and a flue-gas introducing line L 11 that introduces a part of the flue gas 18 into the spray drying device 34.

Water treatment methods

Disclosed herein is a method for treating shale gas produced water. The method comprises adding a magnesium containing pH raising agent to the produced water, whereby a precipitate comprising magnesium hydroxide is formed; adding a source of carbonate ions to the produced water, whereby a carbonate containing precipitate is formed; and removing the precipitate to provide a treated water.

Removal of ammonia from ammonia-containing water using an electrodialysis process

A process and system for removing ammonia from an aqueous ammonia solution. A first aqueous solution and the ammonia solution are flowed respectively through a first and a second separation chamber of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (“BPMED”) stack. The first separation chamber is bounded on an anodic side by a cation exchange membrane and the second separation chamber is bounded on a cathodic side by the cation exchange membrane and on an anodic side by a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane has an anion-permeable layer and a cation-permeable layer respectively oriented to face the stack's anode and cathode. While the solutions are flowing through the stack a voltage is applied across the stack that causes the bipolar membrane to dissociate water into protons and hydroxide ions. The protons migrate into the second separation chamber and react there with ammonia to form ammonium ions that migrate to the first separation chamber.

System and Method for Water Treatment

System and method of treating waste water includes: receiving waste water at a first pressure and a first temperature, the waste water comprising dissolved solids and VOCs; pressurizing the waste water to a second pressure; preheating the pressurized waste water to a second temperature to produce distilled water and pressurized/preheated water; heating the pressurized/preheated to a third temperature to produce pressurized/heated water; removing dissolved solids from the pressurized/heated water, by an evaporator operated at a third pressure less than the second pressure, to produce steam and brine water; and crystallizing the brine water, by a crystallizer operated at a fourth pressure greater than the second pressure, to produce a solid mass waste product and steam. Steam produced by the crystallizer, at the fourth pressure and a fourth temperature, is a heat source for the preheater and/or heater, and steam produced by the evaporator is a heat source for the crystallizer. 158-. (canceled)59. A system for treating waste water comprising:a pump receiving waste water at a first pressure and a first temperature and pressurizing the received waste water to a second pressure greater than the first pressure, the waste water comprising dissolved solids and volatile organic compounds;first and second preheaters connected in series and operatively connected to the pump such that the first preheater receiving the pressurized waste water from the pump and preheating the pressurized waste water to a second temperature greater than the first temperature to produce a pressurized/preheated waste water, and the second preheater heating the pressurized/preheated waste water to a third temperature greater than the second temperature to produce a pressurized/further preheated waste water, each of the first and second preheaters producing a distilled water without boiling of the waste water across heat transfer surfaces;a condenser operatively connected to the first and second ...

Method and assembly for recovering magnesium ammonium phosphate

The invention relates to a method and an assembly for recovering magnesium ammonium phosphate from slurry that is supplied to a reaction container (10) in which an aerobic milieu is present and in which the slurry is guided in a circuit with the aid of ventilation. Cationic magnesium, such as magnesium chloride, is added to the slurry, and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals which are precipitated from the slurry are removed via a removal device (30) provided in the base region of the reaction container. Substances which contain magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals collected in the removal device (30) are loosened and/or rinsed.

Process to recover ammonium bicarbonate from wastewater

The present invention is a process, a method, and system for recovery and concentration of dissolved ammonium bicarbonate from a wastewater containing ammonia (NH3) using gas separation, condensation, and crystallization, each at controlled operating temperatures. The present invention includes 1) removal of ammonia from waste (sludges, semi-solids, and solids and liquids) without the use of chemicals at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius, 2) condensing the gaseous containing ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor to remove water vapor concentrating the amount of gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, 3) concentrating the ammonia and carbon dioxide in the water by established means, such as concentrating the gas using partial condensation followed by passing the concentrated gas through an absorption column at a temperature of between about 20 and 50 degrees Celsius to form dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, or total condensation followed by dewatering using reverse osmosis, and 4) crystallizing concentrated dissolved ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate at a temperature of less than about 35 degrees Celsius to form solid ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate.

PROCESS FOR RECOVERING SULFATE AND CHLORIDE SALTS FROM WASTEWATER, MIXED SALTS, AND BRINES

A process is described for recovering alkali-chloride and alkali-sulfate salts from a salt solution. The salt solution comprises alkali metal, chloride and sulfate ions and is directed to a hydrous salt crystallization unit which crystallizes hydrated sulfate salts that comprise sulfate and at least one alkali metal. A purged solution from the hydrous salt crystallization unit is directed to a chloride salt crystallization unit while the hydrated sulfate salt crystals are melted to form an aqueous sulfate solution which is directed to a sulfate crystallization unit. Anhydrous sulfate salts are crystallized from the aqueous sulfate solution to form sulfate salt crystals comprising sulfate and at least one alkali metal. In the chloride salt crystallization unit, chloride salt is crystallized to form chloride salt crystals. A purge from the chloride salt crystallization unit is directed to the hydrous salt crystallization unit. 1. A method for treating wastewater from a coal to chemical or coal to liquid process , comprising:converting coal to chemical or liquid and producing a wastewater;concentrating the wastewater to form a salt solution;directing the salt solution comprising an alkali metal, chloride, and sulfate to a hydrous salt crystallization unit and crystallizing hydrated sulfate salts to form hydrated sulfate salt crystals comprising sulfate and at least one alkali metal, and a hydrous salt crystallization unit solution;melting the hydrated sulfate salt crystals to form an aqueous sulfate solution;directing the aqueous sulfate solution to a sulfate crystallization unit and crystallizing anhydrous sulfate salts from the aqueous sulfate solution to form sulfate salt crystals comprising sulfate and at least one alkali metal, and a sulfate crystallization unit solution;directing at least a portion of the sulfate crystallization unit solution to the hydrous salt crystallization unit;directing at least a portion of the hydrous salt crystallization unit solution or ...

Apparatus and method for the extraction of phosphorus from wastewater

An apparatus for the extraction of phosphorus from wastewater that includes a precipitation module and a retention module. The precipitation module includes a crystallization vessel, one or more inlets disposed in a lower region of the precipitation module and at least one outlet disposed in an upper region of the precipitation module. The retention module includes a sedimentation vessel, at least one inlet disposed in an upper region of the retention module and at least one outlet disposed in a lower region of the retention module. At least one outlet of the precipitation module is connected to at least one inlet of the retention module and at least one outlet of the retention module is connected to at least one inlet of the precipitation module. The volume VS of the sedimentation vessel is greater than/equal to 0.6 times the volume VC of the crystallization vessel (VS≧0.6·VC). 1. Apparatus for the extraction of phosphorus from wastewater comprising a precipitation module and a retention module , wherein the precipitation module comprises a crystallization vessel , one or more inlets disposed in a lower region of the precipitation Module and at least one outlet disposed in an upper region of the precipitation module , the retention module comprises a sedimentation vessel , at least one inlet disposed in an upper region of the retention module and at least one outlet disposed in a lower region of the retention module , at least one outlet of the precipitation module is connected to at least one inlet of the retention module and at least one outlet of the retention module is connected to ill at least one inlet of the precipitation module , wherein the volume VS of the sedimentation vessel is greater than/equal to 0.6 times the volume VC of the crystallization vessel (VS≧0.6·VC).2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the volume VS of the sedimentation vessel to the volume VC of the crystallization vessel is greater than/equal to 0.8 (VS/VC≧0.8).3. ...

Filtering a Fluid

A housing has an inlet and an outlet. An anti-scalant layer is contained within the housing adjacent the inlet. A disinfectant layer is contained within the housing adjacent the outlet. 15-. (canceled)6. An apparatus comprising:a housing having an inlet and an outlet;a template assisted crystallization (TAC) layer containing beads of TAC, wherein the TAC layer is contained within the housing adjacent the inlet;an iodinated resin layer containing beads of iodinated resin, wherein the iodinated resin layer is contained within the housing adjacent the outlet; anda TAC float area in the housing between the TAC layer and the iodinated resin layer.7. (canceled)8. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:a float/resin frit between the TAC float area and the iodinated resin layer.9. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:an inlet filter between the inlet and the TAC layer.10. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:an inlet/TAC frit between the inlet and the TAC layer.11. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:an outlet filter between the iodinated resin layer and the outlet.12. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:an outlet/resin frit between the iodinated resin layer and the outlet.13. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:a replaceable sub-housing within the housing, the replaceable sub-housing containing the TAC layer and the iodinated resin layer.14. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:a flow meter to measure the flow of fluid between the inlet and the outlet.15. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:a controller housing having a snap fitting to receive the housing;a mist tube coupled to the controller housing to convert the fluid that has passed through the housing into a mist.16. A method comprising:injecting a fluid into a housing through an inlet;passing the fluid through a template assisted crystallization (TAC) layer;passing the fluid through an iodinated resin layer;passing the fluid through a TAC float ...

FLUIDIZED BED PELLET REACTOR WATER SOFTENER AND PROCESS FOR SOFTENING WATER

As pellets grow from seed/sand in a fluidized bed pellent reactor, the weight of the reactor is measured and the density of the contents of the reactor is calculated, and the input flow of untreated water, water treatement chemical, and seed/sand are adjusted to provide improved removal of water hardness while reducing fine particulates in the outflow of softened water from the reactor.

MULTI-STAGE SUBMERGED MEMBRANE DISTILLATION WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS AND A RESOURCE RECOVERY METHOD USING SAME

A multi-stage submerged membrane distillation water treatment apparatus including: a plurality of raw water tanks arranged in multiple stages ranging from a first stage to an n-th stage and storing raw water, the raw water flowing sequentially from the first stage to the n-th stage; membrane distillation (MD) modules submerged in the respective raw water tanks and discharging a portion of the raw water as vapor; heat exchangers submerged in the respective raw water tanks and maintaining the raw water at a predetermined temperature by performing heat exchange between the raw water and vapor supplied from the respective previous-stage MD modules; a vapor generator generating and supplying high-temperature vapor to the first-stage heat exchanger; a condenser condensing vapor supplied by the n-th-stage MD module; and a raw water feeder feeding low-temperature raw water to the first-stage raw water tank via the condenser. 1. A multi-stage submerged membrane distillation water treatment apparatus comprising:a plurality of raw water tanks arranged in multiple stages ranging from a first stage to an n-th stage and storing raw water, the raw water sequentially flowing from the first stage to the n-th stage;a plurality of membrane distillation (MD) modules arranged in multiple stages and submerged in the raw water in the respective raw water tanks, the MD modules discharging a portion of the raw water as vapor;a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in multiple stages and submerged in the raw water in the respective raw water tanks, each heat exchanger performing heat exchange using the vapor supplied from a previous-stage MD module of the MD modules, thereby maintaining the raw water in the corresponding raw water tank at a predetermined temperature;a vapor generator generating high-temperature vapor and supplying the high-temperature vapor to the first-stage heat exchanger;a condenser condensing the vapor supplied from the n-th-stage MD module through heat exchange, and ...

Method for crystallising clathrates hydrates, and method for purifying an aqueous liquid using the clathrates hydrates thus crystallised

A method for forming, or crystallising, clathrates hydrates of a host molecule in a liquid including water includes the following consecutive steps: cooling the liquid to a temperature no higher than the crystallisation temperature of the clathrates hydrates; and placing the cooled liquid in contact with host molecules that are capable of forming clathrates hydrates and are adsorbed on a solid support that has a large specific surface area and is made of a hydrophobic and apolar material, whereby the host molecules are desorbed from the solid support that has a large specific surface area and is made of a hydrophobic and apolar material, and react with the water of the liquid in order to provide a liquid containing clathrates hydrates and the solid support.

METHOD OF SOLVENT RECOVERY FROM A DILUTE SOLUTION

The method of solvent recovery includes using a plurality of solvent recovery units to recover solvent from a dilute solution. The solvent recovery units can include a plurality of reverse osmosis or forward osmosis membrane systems arranged in series. For reverse osmosis, at least some of the concentrate in a last reverse osmosis unit of the series is recycled back to the permeate of that unit to provide a mixed permeate. The mixed permeate is then passed successively to the permeate side of each preceding reverse osmosis unit in the series. For forward osmosis, a draw solution is passed sequentially from the permeate side of each unit to the permeate side of the preceding unit. The draw solution may be prepared by concentrating part of the concentrate stream by evaporation and recycling it back as a draw solution. 1. A method of solvent recovery from a dilute solution , comprising the following steps:(a) providing a plurality of forward osmosis units, the forward osmosis units arranged in series with one another from a first forward osmosis unit to a last forward osmosis unit, each of the forward osmosis units having a concentrate side, a permeate side, and a forward osmosis membrane separating the concentrate side from the permeate side, the concentrate side of each of the forward osmosis units communicating with the concentrate side of the next forward osmosis unit in succession, the permeate side of each of the forward osmosis units communicating with the permeate side of the preceding forward osmosis unit in succession;(b) providing a first draw solution to the permeate side of the last forward osmosis unit;(c) successively receiving a feed stream of solvent including solute in the concentrate side of the forward osmosis units, forcing the solvent from the concentrate side into the permeate side of the forward osmosis units by forward osmosis, and successively receiving a draw solution of mixed permeate in the permeate side of the forward osmosis units ...

PROCESS FOR PURIFICATION OF PRODUCED WATER

We provide a process for treatment of produced water, including but not limited to water produced by a “steam flood” process for extraction of oil from oil sands, including the removal of color from the water. This removal may be accomplished through addition of color-removal polymers and flocculents. This process may also be useful for other water treatment processes including reverse osmosis and filtration. 1. A process for purification of water for use in a boiler for a steam flood process , comprising:collecting produced water including an oil/water mixture from an oil well;separating and recovering oil from the produced water;decreasing the pH of the produced water by addition of acid;removing color, organics, and silica from the produced water;adding a flocculent, including, optionally, a coagulant and a polyelectrolyte, to the produced water to aggregate solids in the produced water;removing solids from the produced water, thereby producing sludge;conditioning and disposing of the sludge;sending the produced water to an evaporator, producing a distillate stream and a brine stream;sending the distillate stream to a boiler for use as steam in injection to an oil well.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the produced water is increased to between 9.5-10 after removal of color and organics and before sending the produced water to the evaporator.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein between 60-80% of organics claim 1 , 80-95% of color claim 1 , and more than 25-50% of silica are removed from the produced water in the color removing step.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said brine stream is converted to a solid through absorption with super absorbent polymer.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said brine stream is neutralized to a pH between 8.5 and 9 with the addition of acid and without formation of a silica jelly.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising sending a portion of the brine stream to a crystallizer for removal of additional distillate ...

Method of treating wastewater

A method of treating a waste liquid: an aluminum dissolution step of dissolving aluminum in an acidic waste liquid and performing separation into a first treated water and a reduced heavy metal precipitate; a gypsum recovery step of adding a calcium compound to the first treated water at a pH of 4 or less, and performing separation into a second treated water and gypsum; a heavy metal coprecipitation step of adding a ferric compound to the second treated water and performing separation into a third treated water and a heavy metal coprecipitate; an aluminum and fluorine removal step of adding an alkali to the third treated water and performing separation into a fourth treated water and a precipitate containing aluminum and fluorine; and a neutralization step of adding an alkali to the fourth treated water and performing separation into an alkali neutralization treated water and a neutralized heavy metal hydroxide.

Chemical extraction from an aqueous solution

A method of chemical extraction from an aqueous solution includes receiving an aqueous solution including dissolved inorganic carbon. The method also includes increasing a pH of a first portion of the aqueous solution to form a basic solution. The basic solution is then combined with a second portion of the aqueous solution to precipitate calcium salts. The calcium salts are then collected.

Engineered calcium alginate and uses thereof

The present disclosure relates to biodegradable materials and methods of removing using the biodegradable materials to remove phosphorus from water. Additionally, the biodegradable materials may be used as a fertilizer.

Systems and methods for activating and dewatering sludge using acoustic pressure shock waves

A method of activating and dewatering sludge through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to wastewater.

WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD

The water treatment system includes: a wet desulfurization device that removes sulfur oxide present in boiler flue gas; a dewatering device that separates gypsum from desulfurization waste water containing gypsum slurry; a reaction tank to which separated water from the dewatering device is introduced, and which immobilizes heavy metals present in the separated water by inputting a chelating agent; a solid-liquid separation unit that performs solid-liquid separation with respect to heavy metal sludge present in the separated water; a mixing unit that mixes the separated water obtained with effluent generated in a plant facility; a desalination device that removes salt content from the mixed water mixed by the mixing unit; and a spray drying device that includes a spray unit, which sprays concentrated water in which the salt content has been concentrated by the desalination device, and that performs spray drying using a part of the boiler flue gas. 1. A water treatment system comprising:a wet desulfurization device that removes sulfur oxide from boiler flue gas;a dewatering device that separates gypsum from desulfurization waste water which contains gypsum slurry and which is obtained from the wet desulfurization device;a mercury removing unit to which is introduced separated water that is obtained from the dewatering device, and which immobilizes heavy metals present in the separated water by inputting a chelating agent;a solid-liquid separation unit that performs solid-liquid separation with respect to solid content present in separated water obtained from the mercury removing unit;a mixing unit that mixes separated water obtained from the solid-liquid separation unit with effluent generated in a plant facility;a desalination device that removes salt content from mixed water obtained by the mixing unit; anda spray drying device that includes a spraying unit, which sprays concentrated water in which salt content has been concentrated by the desalination device, and ...

INORGANIC MATERIAL FOR REMOVING HARMFUL SUBSTANCE FROM WASTEWATER AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

An inorganic material for removing a harmful substance from wastewater is provided. The inorganic material includes a plurality of porous silicate particles having a glass phase structure, wherein the plurality of porous silicate particles include silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, barium oxide, cesium oxide, and boron oxide, and have a zeta potential of a negative value at pH of from 1 to 5, and wherein the average pore diameter of the porous silicate particles is in a range of from 3 to 50 nm. Moreover, a method for preparing an inorganic material for removing a harmful substance from wastewater and a method for wastewater treatment are further provided. 1. An inorganic material for removing a harmful substance from wastewater , comprising:a plurality of porous silicate particles having a glass phase structure, wherein the porous silicate particles comprise silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, barium oxide, cesium oxide, and boron oxide, and wherein the porous silicate particles have an average pore diameter of from 3 nm to 50 nm, and have a zeta potential of a negative value at pH of from 1 to 5.2. The inorganic material of claim 1 , wherein the porous silicate particles have a specific surface area of from 65 m/g to 500 m/g.3. The inorganic material of claim 1 , wherein pore diameters of at least 60% pore volume of the porous silicate particles are in a range of from 3 nm to 50 nm.4. The inorganic material of claim 1 , wherein the porous silicate particles have a specific weight of from 0.5 g/cmto 0.8 g/cm.5. The inorganic material of claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide and the aluminum oxide in the component of the porous silicate particles are at a weight ratio of from 2 to 5.6. The inorganic material of claim 1 , further comprising an active metal adsorbed into the glass phase structure of the porous silicate particles.7. The inorganic material of claim 6 , wherein the active metal comprises at least one of sodium claim 6 , potassium claim 6 , calcium claim 6 , ...

ELECTRICITY-WATER CO-GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

An electricity-water co-generation system and method, the method comprising: step 1, heating saline water by spent steam, crystallizing a calcium magnesium compound in the saline water, then filtering the saline water; step 2, distilling the descaled water, and discharging strong saline water; step 3, converting the heat energy of the saturated steam into electric energy, dividing condensed water generated by releasing heat energy of the saturated steam into two parts, one part being output as fresh water; step 4, heating the other part of condensed water, and converting the heat energy of the overheated steam into electric energy, then feeding spent steam to heat the saline water and distilling the descaled water at a high temperature. The system comprises a descaling device, a mixed heat exchanger, a residual heat generator and a thermal power generation device, and the working process of the system is accordance with the method. 111-. (canceled)12. An electricity-water co-generation system , comprising a descaling device , a mixed heat exchanger , a residual heat generator and a thermal power generation device;the descaling device, used for heating saline water through spent steam, rapidly crystallizing a calcium magnesium compound in the saline water as calcium-magnesium scale, filtering the saline water to obtain descaled water, delivering the descaled water to the mixed heat exchanger, and removing the calcium-magnesium scale; the descaling device is a pressure container that mixes the spent steam and saline water, performs heat transfer and mass transfer, and then raises the temperature of the saline water to 120° C. or above, and quickly crystallizes the calcium magnesium compound in the saline water as calcium-magnesium scale.the mixed heat exchanger, used for distilling the descaled water at a high temperature through the spent steam, generating saturated steam and strong saline water, delivering the saturated steam to the residual heat exchanger and ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF SCALE FORMING COMPONENTS

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals. 1. A method , comprising:supplying a supersaturated brine stream comprising a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system, wherein the gypsum removal system comprises a gypsum reactor configured to receive the supersaturated brine, to deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and to generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine;supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor, wherein the gypsum seed crystals are configured to ...

Hardness reduction filter

A hardness reduction filter is provided. The hardness reduction filter may include a filter housing having a space formed therein, a filter provided in the space of the filter housing to filter out foreign materials from water flowing into the filter housing, and hardness reduction catalysts provided between the filter housing and the filter and configured to perform at least one of removing a hard water material contained in the water or preventing formation of a scale inducing material in the water flowing into the filter housing.

Production Of Heavy Brines By Calcination Of Carbonates Using Plasma Arc Reactor

Embodiments relate to systems and methods directed towards arrangements of a preheater, a heat exchanger, a plasma recovery system, and at least one processing stage configured to use steam output of a calciner for heating incoming wastewater that is being processed. 1. A system for treating wastewater , comprising:a preheater configured to receive wastewater;a heat exchanger configured to receive wastewater from the preheater and supply steam to the preheater; anda plasma recovery system (PRS) configured to receive wastewater from the heat exchanger and provide steam to the heat exchanger; the wastewater comprises water, salt, and volatile organic compounds;', 'the preheater transfers heat from the steam to the wastewater, converting the steam to distilled water;', 'the heat exchanger transfers heat from the steam to the wastewater before transferring the steam to the preheater; and', 'the PRS is configured to: volatize water from the wastewater to generate steam;, 'whereinand separate salt from the wastewater to generate a brine;at least one processing stage configured to increase a concentration of the salt in the brine to form a concentrated brine;at least one plasma crystallizer/calciner configured to receive the concentrated brine, the plasma crystallizer/calciner comprising a pyrolytic calcining reactor configured to generate chlorides that mix with the concentrated brine.2. The system recited in claim 1 , wherein the chlorides are generated in-situ chlorides.3. The system recited in claim 2 , wherein the in-situ chlorides are generated from carbonates.4. The system recited in claim 3 , wherein the carbonates are CaCOand/or MgCOand the chlorides are CaCland/or MgCl.5. The system recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one processing stage comprises a plurality of processing stages claim 1 , the plurality of processing stages comprising a first processing stage claim 1 , a second processing stage claim 1 , and a third processing stage claim 1 , wherein:the ...

ENHANCED BRINE CONCENTRATION WITH OSMOTICALLY DRIVEN MEMBRANE SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES

The invention generally relates to osmotically driven membrane systems and processes and more particularly to increased brine concentration for zero liquid discharge using osmotically driven membrane systems and processes and the related draw solute recovery techniques for the osmotically driven membrane systems and processes. 1. A system for concentrating a feed stream and recovering draw solution solutes from an osmotically driven membrane system , the system comprising:a forward osmosis unit comprising at least one membrane having a first side and a second side, the first side of the at least one membrane fluidly coupled to a source of a first solution and the second side of the at least one membrane fluidly coupled to a source of a concentrated draw solution, wherein the at least one membrane is configured for osmotically separating a solvent from the first solution, thereby forming a more concentrated first solution on the first side of the at least one membrane and a dilute draw solution on the second side of the at least one membrane; and [ a first thermal recovery device;', 'a first heat transfer means in fluid communication with the forward osmosis unit for receiving the dilute draw solution and coupled to a first inlet of the first thermal recovery device for preheating and introducing the dilute draw solution into the first thermal recovery device;', 'a second heat transfer means coupled to the first thermal recovery device and having an inlet coupled to a first source of thermal energy and an outlet coupled to the first thermal recovery device for directing thermal energy to the first thermal recovery device to cause solutes within the dilute draw solution in the first thermal recovery device to vaporize;', 'a first outlet for removing the vaporized dilute draw solution solutes from the first thermal recovery device, wherein the first outlet is in fluid communication with the first heat transfer means for providing the vaporized draw solution solutes as ...

FILTER MEDIA FOR THE REMOVAL OF PARTICLES, IONS, AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, AND DECOLORIZATION IN A SUGAR PURIFICATION PROCESS, AND USE THEREOF

A filter media for implementation in a sugar purification process that allows for a significant increase in sorbent material while maintaining, and enhancing the decolorization and. hydraulic properties. The filter media incorporates sorbent material, fiber having specific properties that allows for small particle sorbent material without jeopardizing the hydraulic properties of the media, and an electrolyte. The sorbent material is an inorganic, an adsorption, or ion exchange media, or a metal-organic framework. The implementation of this filter media in a sugar purification process eliminates the need for a clarification step during refining while providing for enhanced decolorization and hydraulic properties for fluid flow. 1. A filter media for removing contaminants from and decolorizing liquid sugar comprising:a sorbent material 25-50% by weight;a fiber in a compositional range from 0.01-10%;an electrolyte in a compositional range from 0.01 -1%.2. The filter media of wherein the sorbent material is inorganic claim 1 , an adsorption or ion exchange media claim 1 , or a metal-organic framework.3. The filter media of wherein the sorbent material comprises carbon having a D50 particle size of 0-50 micrometers.4. The filter media of wherein the pore volume of said sorbent material is 1.0-2.5 cc/g.5. The filter media of wherein the surface area of said sorbent material is 1300-1500 m/g.6. The filter media of wherein the ion exchange resin has a D50 of 5-100 micrometers.7. The filter media of wherein the fiber diameter is 200-1500 nanometers claim 1 , the length is 0.500-1000 micrometers claim 1 , the Canadian Standard of Freeness measurement is 0-100 claim 1 , and the surface area is 0-200 m/g.8. The filter media of wherein the sorbent material includes:0.001-99% carbon by weight;0.001-99.9% ion exchange resin by weight; and0.001-99.9% inorganic sorbent media by weight.9. A filter media of claim 1 , wherein:said sorbent material comprises approximately 32.7 wt % ...

"Electrolyte Production System and Method for Solid Electrolyte Production"

苦咸水或海水的处理方法和处理系统

本发明涉及水处理领域，公开了一种苦咸水或海水的处理方法和处理系统。该方法包括：(1)将苦咸水或海水和来自步骤(2)的回流晶种强化结晶出水的混合水溶液进行纳滤分离，得到纳滤产水和纳滤浓水；(2)将纳滤浓水进行晶种强化结晶分离，得到晶种强化结晶出水和结晶盐，将至少部分晶种强化结晶出水作为回流晶种强化结晶出水返回至步骤(1)的纳滤分离；(3)将纳滤产水进行多级热蒸发，得到蒸馏产水和蒸发浓水，蒸发浓水的含盐量为100,000‑250,000mg/L。该方法能以较低成本去除苦咸水或海水中的硫酸钙等易结垢物质并使整个系统实现60‑90％的水回收率，远高于常规苦咸水或海水淡化技术，大幅提高淡化系统效率。

가축분뇨 통합처리 시스템 및 그 운영 방법

본 발명은 가축분뇨 통합처리 시스템 및 그 운영 방법에 관한 것으로서 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 가축분뇨 통합처리 시스템은, 가축분뇨를 공급받아 저장한 후 혐기성 소화 공정에서 처리하여 바이오가스를 생성하는 혐기성 소화조; 상기 혐기성 소화조에서 배출된 소화 여액을 고체와 액체로 분리하는 고액 분리기; 상기 고액 분리기에 의해 분리된 액체를 공급받아 저장하는 액비 저장조; 상기 고액 분리기에 의해 분리된 액체를 공급받아 스트루바이트를 생산하는 스트루바이트 결정화조; 스트루바이트 결정화조에서 배출된 상징액을 생물학적으로 처리하는 생물학적 처리조; 상기 고액 분리기와 액비 저장조 사이의 연결 라인을 개방 또는 차단하는 제1 밸브; 상기 고액 분리기와 스트루바이트 결정화조 사이의 연결 라인을 개방 또는 차단하는 제2 밸브; 상기 제1 밸브와 제2 밸브의 작동을 제어하는 제어부를 포함하여 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.

硫辛酸生产过程中加成废水和环合废水的联合处理方法

一种硫辛酸生产过程中加成废水和环合废水的联合处理方法，首先向环合废水中加入硫酸亚铁，反应生成硫化亚铁沉淀；滤液及洗涤液经纳滤，浓缩液经甲苯萃取回收硫辛酸后与加成废水汇合；然后向汇合后的加成废水中加入硫酸铵和硫酸钠，反应生成铵明矾；滤液经纳滤分成浓缩液和透过液，浓缩液经二氯乙烷和甲苯萃取，分别回收8-氯-6-羰基辛酸乙酯和己二酸单乙酯；萃取后的水相与两次纳滤的透过液合并后经反渗透脱盐，再经生化处理达标排放。本发明对对该两股废水进行综合治理和资源化利用，使废水中铝、硫、有机中间体和硫辛酸均能得到充分回收，同时副产铵明矾和硫化亚铁产品。

一种废液的资源化处理方法

本发明提供了一种废液的资源化处理方法，该方法包括：(1)、减压浓缩；(2)、液液萃取；(3)、液液分离；(4)、蒸发浓缩；(5)、降温结晶；(6)、固液分离；(7)、蒸发浓缩；(8)、降温结晶；(9)、固液分离；(10)、蒸发浓缩。该工艺方法不但可以回收利用废液中的丙酮，而且可以得到5,5‑二甲基海因、硫酸钠和溴化钠。本发明的工艺合理，方法简单，环保节能，操作成本低，产品质量好，有价成分利用率高。

Method for separating tritiated water from light water

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for separating tritiated water from light water. Method includes a step of removing tritiated water and heavy water from light water and a step of separating tritiated water from heavy water. Removal of tritiated and heavy water from light water is carried out by adding heavy water to a liquid mixture containing tritiated water and light water, and converting to a gas hydrate consisting essentially of tritiated water and heavy water as a crystal structure. Separation of tritiated water from heavy water occurs through the breakdown of the structure of the gas hydrate containing tritiated water and heavy water, so as to obtain a liquid mixture. Further, the liquid mixture containing tritiated water and heavy water is converted into a gas hydrate containing tritiated water in the crystal structure. Structure of gas hydrate of tritiated water is broken down, so as to collect tritiated water, in that order.EFFECT: enabling the recycling of heavy water and facilitating a method of separating tritiated water from light water on an industrial scale.3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 2 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 683 096 C2 (51) МПК B01D 59/08 (2006.01) G21F 9/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01D 59/08 (2018.08); B01D 9/005 (2018.08); G21F 9/06 (2018.08); C02F 1/5236 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017102893, 01.07.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): ГЛОБАЛ КЛИН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ ИНК. (JP) Дата регистрации: 26.03.2019 2005139015 A, 02.06.2005. RU 2456690 C1, 20.07.2012. RU 2274607 C2, 20.04.2006. 01.07.2014 JP 2014-135968 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 02.08.2018 Бюл. № 22 (45) Опубликовано: 26.03.2019 Бюл. № 9 (86) Заявка PCT: C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 01.02.2017 JP 2015/069057 (01.07.2015) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 6 8 3 0 9 6 WO 2016/002856 ( ...

一种利用余热实现制药中间体生产废水低温闪蒸的污水处理装置和处理方法

一种利用余热实现制药中间体生产废水低温闪蒸的污水处理装置和处理方法，涉及一种污水处理装置和处理方法。目的是解决制药中间体废水的处理难度大的问题。装置由大比例回流调节池、超声波降粘装置、污水换热装置、负压闪蒸装置、固液分离装置和尾气处理装置构成。本发明采用大比例回流技术实现污水动态流量和浓度调节，实现蒸发设备的连续运行，降低因污水水量和高浓度污水对工艺的冲击，提高系统运行的稳定性和持续性；采用超声波低温负压蒸发技术，可以高效、低能耗、高浓缩倍数减量化处理高盐高有机质污水。本发适用于制药中间体生产废水处理。

Produced water treatment and solids precipitation from thermal treatment blowdown

FIELD: soil or rock drilling; mining. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the treatment of produced water. Oil recovery process comprises steps of: a) producing steam; b) injecting the steam into a formation comprising oil; c) withdrawing a mixture of water and oil from the formation; d) separating produced water from the mixture of water and oil; e) treating the produced water in an evaporator to produce an evaporator effluent; e) treating the evaporator effluent in a crystalliser to produce a distillate and a concentrate, the concentrate being a slurry containing one or more salts and one or more organic compounds; g) using the distillate to obtain an additional amount of steam for pumping into the formation; h) mixing the solvent of said one or more organic compounds with the slurry; i) after performing step (h) separating the precipitated solids comprising one or more salts from the mixture. EFFECT: technical result is the improvement of the quality of treating produced water, the possibility of re-use in a heavy oil recovery system. 31 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 662 480 C2 (51) МПК E21B 43/24 (2006.01) E21B 43/40 (2006.01) C02F 9/08 (2006.01) B01D 17/02 (2006.01) B01D 21/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК E21B 43/24 (2006.01); E21B 43/40 (2006.01); C02F 9/00 (2006.01); B01D 17/02 (2006.01); B01D 21/00 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2015107264, 22.08.2013 22.08.2013 Дата регистрации: 26.07.2018 13.09.2012 CA 2789822; 13.09.2012 US 61/700,520 (73) Патентообладатель(и): БиЭл Текнолоджиз, Инк. (US) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.11.2016 Бюл. № 31 (45) Опубликовано: 26.07.2018 Бюл. № 21 2215871 C2, 10.11.2003. US 2012/0097609 A1, 26.04.2012. WO 2011/115636 A1, 22.09.2011. GB 2357528 A, 27.06.2001. WO 2005/054746 A2, 16.06.2005. (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 13.04.2015 C 2 C 2 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: ...

System for removing ammonia gas

본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 암모니아 가스가 함유된 가스 - 암모니아 함유 가스-에 공정수를 분사하는 가스 스크러버(100)에 제공할 스크러버 공정수를 저장하는 저장탱크로부터 스크러버 공정수의 적어도 일부를 제공받고, 제공받은 상기 스크러버 공정수에 이산화탄소 가스가 포함된 미세기포를 생성할 수 있는 미세 기포 발생 장치(200);를 포함하는 암모니아 가스 제거 시스템이 제공될 수 있다. According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion of the scrubber process water from a storage tank for storing the scrubber process water to be provided to the gas scrubber 100 for injecting process water into the ammonia gas-containing gas - ammonia-containing gas- Ammonia gas removal system including a; microbubble generating device 200 capable of generating microbubbles including carbon dioxide gas in the scrubber process water provided and provided may be provided.

A kind of system of multistage membrane crystallization integrated treatment brine waste

本发明提供了一种多级膜结晶综合处理含盐废水的系统。其技术方案是，将预处理后的含盐废水送入初级膜蒸馏器，废水中的水以水蒸气形态透过疏水膜，在膜的另一侧凝结成液态水，其各盐分被浓缩至过饱和。在各盐分结晶前，浓缩液进入结晶釜，通过晶体接种法或降温冷却诱导盐分结晶，上清液送至次级膜蒸馏器再浓缩，浓缩液进入次级结晶釜发生结晶，如此循环。结晶物从结晶釜下部引出进行固液分离。根据各盐分在不同温度下的溶解度差异，实现各盐分在不同级结晶釜内分别结晶的目的。本发明产水水质好可继续回用；能够分级精分结晶产品，结晶盐纯度高于工业二级标准，实现了矿物资源回收，从而实现含盐废水零排放。

一种火电厂高含盐废水零排放回收处理方法

一种火电厂高含盐废水零排放回收处理方法，涉及火电厂资源回收利用领域，包括如下步骤：（1）入混合反应池，加药搅拌，调pH值；（2）进入结晶微滤装置中，污泥泥饼外运，部分产水梯级利用；（3）剩余的产水到反渗透装置中，其产水梯级利用；（4）低温蒸发结晶装置将浓水固液分离，纯水梯级利用，结晶盐外运。本发明采用的加药配方可较好的去除废水中的离子，结晶微滤装置无需增加反冲洗设备，反渗透装置占地面积小、可承受的操作压力大、产水水质好、产水率高，低温蒸发结晶装置充分利用了火电厂的能源，在过滤的过程中，实现了废水的梯级利用，该方法实现了较好的固液分离效果，节约了能源，降低了成本，实现了废水的资源化和零排放。

filter for reducing water hardness

본 발명에 따른 경도저감필터는 내측에 수용공간을 형성하는 필터 하우징과, 상기 필터 하우징의 수용공간에 마련되어, 필터 하우징 내부로 유입된 원수의 이물질을 걸러내는 여과부재와, 상기 필터 하우징과 상기 여과부재 사이에 마련되어, 상기 필터 하우징 내부로 유입된 원수에 존재하는 경도성 물질 또는 스케일 유발 물질을 제거하는 경도저감촉매를 포함하여 구성된다. The hardness reduction filter according to the present invention includes a filter housing forming an accommodating space therein, a filtration member provided in the accommodating space of the filter housing to filter foreign substances from raw water introduced into the filter housing, and the filter housing and the filtration. It is provided between the members, and comprises a hardness reducing catalyst for removing the hardness material or scale-inducing material present in the raw water introduced into the filter housing.

Method for monitoring and controlling chemistry of zld process in power plants

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of monitoring and controlling chemistry of a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) process and can be used in power plants. First fraction of liquid effluent from a waste treatment device, which come from flue gas treatment plant, is directed to an evaporation plant. Second fraction is fed into a storage tank. Method comprises periodically sampling liquid streams, circulating in outlet sections of waste treatment device, from softening device and inlet section into crystallisation/evaporation device and filling section from storage tank into flue gas treatment plant. Saturation coefficients are calculated for calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate for each section. Critical sections subject to precipitation of calcium sulphate or calcium carbonate are identified, having calculated saturation coefficients higher than a preset threshold. Dosage of reagents/additives into said crystallisation/evaporation plant and/or into waste treatment device is changed or ratio between flow rate of fractions of liquid effluent is changed so that saturation coefficients for calcium sulphate or calcium carbonate are kept less than or equal to 1 in time. EFFECT: invention provides control of water chemistry with variation of quality of flue gas desulphurisation. 7 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C02F 1/00 C02F 5/00 C02F 1/04 C02F 1/52 C02F 103/18 (13) 2 602 131 C2 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013149869/05, 06.04.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 06.04.2012 (72) Автор(ы): ЧЕНЧИ Винченцо (IT), МОСТИ Клаудио (IT) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭНЕЛ ПРОДУЦЬОНЕ С.П.А. (IT) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.05.2015 Бюл. № 14 R U 08.04.2011 IT FI2011A000063 (45) Опубликовано: 10.11.2016 Бюл. № 31 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки ...

A kind of desulfurization wastewater film processing system and technique

本发明属于脱硫废水处理技术领域，具体提供了一种脱硫废水膜处理系统及工艺，处理系统包括通过管路依次连接的原水池、预沉池、第一反应池、中间水箱、第二反应池、浓缩槽、TMF装置、TMF产水箱、DTRO装置、蒸发器以及干燥装置；所述TMF装置通过回流管路与浓缩槽连接，所述DTRO装置的浓水出口与蒸发器入口连接。本发明提供的脱硫废水膜处理系统，结构简单、占用面积小，成本低，所采用的膜处理工艺，处理脱硫废水的效果较好，能够完全去除废水中的重金属以及悬浮物，产水率高且产水符合排放标准，在脱硫废水零排放处理方面具有可行性和适应性。

High-salinity water concentration and crystallization treatment system and process

本发明涉及污水排放技术领域，具体涉及一种高盐水浓缩结晶处理系统及工艺。该处理系统按照处理使用顺序依次包括污水收集池、前处理装置、絮凝沉淀装置、超滤装置、反渗透装置、MVR蒸发浓缩装置，MVR蒸发浓缩装置按照处理使用顺序依次包括板式换热器、第一沉淀结晶罐、第二沉淀结晶罐和料液循环泵，第一沉淀结晶罐的蒸汽出口端、第二沉淀结晶罐的蒸汽出口端均通过蒸汽压缩机与板式换热器连通；板式换热器设置有进料端，板式换热器的进料端通过进料管道与反渗透装置的输出端连通。本发明的高盐水浓缩结晶处理系统结构新颖，操作简单，使高盐水的晶体基本在第一沉淀结晶罐和第二沉淀结晶罐的罐体底部沉淀结晶及长大，保证了晶体的完整。