СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОДЛОЖКИ

Изобретение относится к способу обработки поверхности подложки. Техническим результатом изобретения является обеспечение эффективности очистки поверхности. Способ обработки включает осаждение, по меньшей мере, одной тонкой пленки А на часть поверхности упомянутой подложки, причем стадию осаждения осуществляют способом вакуумного напыления. Затем генерируют с помощью, по меньшей мере, одного линейного ионного источника плазму из ионизированных частиц из газа или смеси газов и, по меньшей мере, одну часть поверхности пленки А подвергают воздействию плазмы для модификации, по меньшей мере, частично, поверхности пленки А ионизированными частицами. После чего осуществляют осаждение, по меньшей мере, одной пленки В на одну часть поверхности пленки А, причем данную стадию осуществляют способом вакуумного напыления. 6 н. и 12 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл.

СПОСОБ ОБЩЕЙ ОБРАБОТКИ КВАРЦЕВОЙ ОПТИКИ ДЛЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к производству высококачественных оптических материалов, в частности материалов, обладающих стойкостью к оптическому повреждению. Способ предотвращения повреждения, наносимого оптическим компонентам высокоинтенсивными источниками света, включает травление оптического компонента в травильном растворе, содержащем фтористо-водородную кислоту, фторид-ионы и бифторид-ионы. Способ также включает мегазвуковое и ультразвуковое перемешивание травильного раствора в ходе процесса с последующим промыванием оптического компонента в промывочной ванне и струйным промыванием. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение стойкости оптических материалов из плавленого кварца к облучению с высокой плотностью энергии, в частности в ультрафиолетовой области спектра. 10 з.п. ф-лы. 3 ил.

СПОСОБЫ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА УПРОЧНЕННЫХ И ОБЛАДАЮЩИХ БОЛЬШИМ СРОКОМ СЛУЖБЫ СТЕКЛЯННЫХ КОНТЕЙНЕРОВ

Изобретение относится к способу формования стеклянного контейнера. Стеклянный контейнер имеет боковую стенку, внутренняя поверхность которой имеет внутренний поверхностный слой. Стеклянный контейнер приводят в контакт с по существу бесфтористой водной обрабатывающей средой для того, чтобы удалить тонкий слой внутреннего поверхностного слоя, имеющий толщину от приблизительно 100 нм до приблизительно 1,0 мкм. Указанная водная обрабатывающая среда содержит от приблизительно 0,001 мас.% до приблизительно 0,15 мас.% ионов фтора. Стеклянный контейнер имеет коэффициент отслаивания меньше или равный 10 после удаления тонкого слоя внутреннего поверхностного слоя. Технический результат – повышение стойкости стеклянных контейнеров к отслаиванию. 14 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 1 табл.

ТЕКСТУРИРОВАННОЕ СТЕКЛО ДЛЯ ТЕПЛИЦ

Группа изобретений относится к прозрачному листу, садовой теплице, способу изготовления листа. Техническим результатом является улучшение качества стекла. Прозрачный лист содержит рельефную текстуру на первой из ее основных поверхностей, такую, что если n представляет собой показатель преломления материала, имеющего текстуру, Pпредставляет собой средний наклон текстурированной поверхности в градусах и y(q) представляет собой процентную долю текстурированной поверхности с наклоном, превышающим q/(n-1) в градусах. При этом имеются два совокупных условия согласно приведенному математическому выражению. 3 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 10 ил., 2 табл., 17 пр.

Газообразный реагент для обработки стекла

Раствор для обработки поверхности стекла

Изобретение относится к производству листового стекла с улучшенг ными физико-химическими свойствами. С целью повышения механической прочности и химической устойчивости раствор для обработки поверхности стекла содержит следующие компоненты, мас.%: РЬ(т) 5-6; NaNO, 2,7-3,7 или 4,,1; 2,3-4,5; Hj,0 - остальное. Механическая прочность стекол, обработанных данным раствором на симметричный изгиб 165- 242 МПа, химическая устойчивость после 1 ч кипячения 0,1-0,38%. 2 табл.

Verfahren zur Oberflächentexturierung von sprödem Material

AUS STREULICHT ABSORBIERENDEM GLAS BESTEHENDES EINGANGSFENSTER FUER EIN OPTISCHES GERAET UND VERFAHREN ZU DESSEN HERSTELLUNG.

Herstellungsverfahren fuer einen Lichtleiterglaskoerper

Glaszusammensetzung

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Glaszusammensetzung, enthaltend kristalline Phasen, sowie daraus hergestellte Glasplättchen. Diese Glasplättchen können als Basissubstrat für Effektpigmente Anwendung finden. Die Glasplättchen können weiterhin in Farben, Lacken, Druckfarben, Kunststoffen und in kosmetischen Formulierungen verwendet werden.

POLARISIERENDE GLÄSER MIT INTEGRIERTEN NICHT POLARISIERENDEN ZONEN

AEtzen von Siliciumdioxyd durch lichtempfindliche Loesungen

High resolution photolithographic masters - using ionic bombardment colouring of masked prepared glass

The high resolution mask for the photolithographic process is made by diffusing ions of a colouring metal into the surface layer of a glass. The surface of the glass is then covered with a protective mask pattern, which can be a photo resist layer. The metal ions are then coloured by a process involving a heavy water chemical which activates the ions. The plate is then subjected to heavy ionic bombardment in an atmosphere of an inert gas and oxygen, to reduce the ions. The colouring process is then completed while at the same time the ion bombardment sputters away the protective pattern. A hard wearing, high resolution pattern is then left impregnated in the glass plate.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG FARBIGER, PHOTOCHROMER GLAESER

Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Blindwerdens oder des Abstehens von Flachglas jeder Ar

Method of fabricating thin film resistive elements

... 945,667. Etching. MOTOROLA Inc. Sept. 28, 1962 [Oct. 19, 1961], No. 36932/62. Heading B6J. Relates to the formation of miniature electrical resistances consisting of a film pattern of a metallic oxide, e.g. tin oxide, on a vitreous ceramic substrate. The substrate is covered with a film of the oxide, the desired pattern is defined by a mask, the oxide is removed by treating with an amalgam of mercury and an alkali metal or an alkali earth metal, and removing the mask. The mask is created by coating with a light-sensitive material, exposing this to ultra-violet radiation where the pattern is desired, and dissolving away the unexposed portion. The preferred alkali &c. metals are sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The etching apparatus comprises a container 17 for the amalgam bath 18 on which floats a compound 19 of the alkali &c. metal, preferably the hydroxide or the chloride. Electrodes 21, 22 complete an electrolytic cell which causes the metal to transfer to the mercury to form ...

LAMINATED PANELS INCORPORATING GLASS SHEETS

... 1359170 Glass laminates GLAVERBEL 21 May 1971 48841/73 Divided out of 1359166 Heading B5N [Also in Division C1] A glass panel comprising a first sheet of glass 2 secured by an intervening organic sheet 3 to a second sheet of glass 1, both sheets 1 and 2 having been chemically tempered, is characterized in that the second sheet 1 can be flexed to impose flexing forces on the first sheet 2 sufficient to break that sheet but the relative inherent strengths of the sheets 2, 1 are such that, if tested independently the resistance of the first sheet 2 to breakage by flexure in a direction such that the flexure imposes tensioning forces on its side 5 which in the panel is remote from the second sheet 1 would be higher than the resistance of the second sheet 1 to breakage by flexure which imposes tensioning forces on the side 6 of the sheet which in the panel faces the first sheet 2. The panel may be flat or curved in one or more planes. Preferably the first sheet 2 is at least 1À25 times the thickness ...

POROUS INORGANIC SUPPORT MATERIALS

... 1432713 Porous inorganic support materials CORNING GLASS WORKS 3 July 1974 [9 July 1973] 29456/74 Headings C1A C1M and C1N [Also in Division C3] A porous, substantially water-insoluble inorganic support material of specific surface area at least 5 m.2/g. consists of at least one metal oxide and has surface imino groups The porous material may be glass, zirconiacoated glass, alumina or titania, and the specific surface area is preferably at least 50 m.2/g. The porous material preferably has an average pore diameter of 200-1000 Š and a particle size of 20-80 mesh (U.S. Standard Sieve). The material having surface imino groups is made by reacting a porous, substantially waterinsoluble inorganic material of specific surface area at least 5 m.2/g., consisting of at least one metal oxide and having surface hydroxyl or oxide groups, with an aqueous solution of cyanogen bromide at pH 9-12. The reaction is preferably conducted at 0- 25‹ C. for at least 5 minutes, the pH ...

Improvements in or relating to flat glass

Flat glass which has been manufactured in ribbon form on a bath of molten tin is treated by contacting the glass surface which has been in contact with the molten tin with a gaseous halogen reagent for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature to render harmless those harmful impurities which have entered the glass surface as a result of its contact with the molten tin. The glass ribbon is preferably passed through a zone containing the gaseous halogen, e.g. chlorine or hydrogen chloride gas, at the beginning of the annealing lehr. Alternatively the zone may comprise a melt of a metal halide e.g. zinc chloride having a vapour pressure of 1 mm., an atmosphere of nitrogen being maintained above the melt. The glass surface is presented to the gaseous halogen for a time of from one to five minutes at temperatures of from 400 DEG to 600 DEG C. The film of zinc chloride found on the glass is washed off with hot water.

GLASS AND GLASS-CERAMIC PRODUCTS

... 1291488 Reinforced and foamed glass CORNING GLASS WORKS 30 Dec 1969 63223/69 Heading C1M Glass or glass-ceramic having at least a surface portion which is non-porous and exhibits rubber-like characteristics the glass consisting of an alkali metal silicate containing at least in its surface portion from 5 to 30 wt. per cent of water and the glass ceramic consisting of an alkali metal silicate or an alkali metal barium silicate containing in its surface portion 2 to 15% by weight of water. Alkali metal silicate glasses suitable may have the following compositions in mole per cent on the oxide basis, exclusive of the water contained in its volume; 60-94% SiO 2 and 6-40% R 2 O wherein R 2 O consists of Na 2 O, K 2 O and mixtures thereof and the total SiO 2 +R 2 O constitutes at least 85% of the composition; 78-85% SiO 2 , 13-19% R 2 O, wherein R 2 O consists of Na 2 O, K 2 O and mixtures thereof, and 2-5% F 2 , with at least one photosensitive metal in the indicated proportion in excess of ...

Method of making a machine readable markng in a workpiece

A method for producing a machine-readable coded marking in the surface of a workpiece comprising vaporizing sequentially the surface portions of selected ones of a series of contiguous areas of unit widths of the surface.

IMPROVEMENTS IN ETCHING OF SILICON DIOXIDE BY PHOTOSENSITIVE SOLUTIONS

... 1,220,366. Etching. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 28 May, 1968 [29 May, 1967], No. 25428/68. Addition to 1,220,365. Heading B6J. The silicon dioxide surface layer of a body is etched by contacting with a film of etchant liquid comprising a source of hydrogen ions and a photodecomposable fluorine compound having a fluorine bond dissociation energy of not more than 125 kilocalories per mole, and exposing the film to a pattern of activating radiation, the thickness of the film being brought to 2mm. or less by evaporation during the exposure step. The fluorine compound may be 1-fluorodecane, fluorosulphonyl benzene sulphonyl chloride, monofluoroacetetone, 4,41-fluorobenzophenone, methane sulphonyl fluoride, 1 - fluoropropan- 2 - ol, hexafluorobenzene, trityldifluoroamine or tetrafluoro - 1,4 - benzoquinone. The source of hydrogen ions may be hydrochloric acid, propan - 2 - ol or cyclohexane. The fluorine compound may be used in solution in water or methanol.

HYDRATION OF SILICATE GLASSES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

... 1503341 Hydrating glass CORNING GLASS WORKS 22 April 1975 [29 April 1974] 16552/75 Heading C1M A hydrated glass body is made by contacting an anhydrous glass body comprising, in mole per cent, Na 2 O and/or K 2 O 3-25 and SiO 2 50-95, the above oxides totalling at least 55, with an aqueous solution having a pH less than 6 (measured at room temperature), at at least 100‹ C. and at a pressure above 20 p.s.i.g., for a period of time sufficient to hydrate at least a surface portion of the glass to an extent sufficient to impart the ability to flow at a lower temperature than the anhydrous glass. Preferably the temperature does not exceed 374‹ C. and the pressure does not exceed 3200 p.s.i.g., and the time preferably being 2-48 hours. The glass body is preferably a fine-dimensioned body of thickness less than 5 mm. (e.g. fibres, granules or flakes). The aqueous solution is preferably a buffered acid (e.g. hydrochloric acid plus potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer, or acetic acid plus sodium ...

METHOD FOR HYDRATING SILICATE GLASSES

... 1502324 Hydrating silicate glass CORNING GLASS WORKS 18 Feb 1975 [25 Feb 1974] 6789/75 Heading C1M A glass body is made by subjecting an anhydrous glass, in the form of powder, granules, flakes, fibres, ribbon, thin sheets or foil, or in the form of a coating, the glass comprising, in mole per cent: 3-25% Na 2 O and/or K 2 O and 50-95% SiO 2 , the said oxides totalling at least 55%, and the balance, if any, consisting of other compatible oxides, to an H 2 O-containing gaseous environment having a relative humidity of 5-75%, and at a temperature above 100‹ C., for a time (e.g. 2-72 h.) sufficient to develop at least a surface portion having sufficient water therein to impart thereto the ability to flow at a lower temperature than the anhydrous glass. The glass produced preferably comprises 1-25% by weight of water, preferably the whole of the glass absorbing water. The treatment is preferably below the softening point of the glass (e.g. below 600‹ C.) The glass may also include at least ...

Mixing and injection moulding hydrosilicates

This invention relates to a process for injection molding hydrosilicate glasses and apparati useful therefor. This invention is also concerned with apparati for mixing hydrosilicate glasses while in the fluid state, i.e., when the hydrosilicate glasses have a viscosity between about 102-109 poises. Finally, this invention describes materials demonstrating ready release of hydrosilicate glasses after contact in fluid form.

SURFACE-DEVITRIFIED GLASS

... 1322796 Devitrified glass ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO Ltd 8 July 1971 [14 July 1970] 34113/70 Heading C1M [Also in Division B3] A method of making a surface-devitrified glass article comprises forming the article from a surface-devitrifiable glass, abrading the surface of the article so formed, and heat-treating the abraded article to form a devitrified surface layer. As described, articles in the form of blocks are cut from bars of ZnO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass. The blocks are annealed and have their faces polished and are then placed in a beaker containing abrasive, such as sand or silicon carbide, vibrated at 50 HZ to form a " fluidized bed " for 15 to 60 mins., the abrasive being of 220 grit size. After abrading, articles are heated at 200‹ to 750‹ C. for 20 to 30 minutes to devitrify the surfaces which results in increasing the strength and/or transparency of the articles.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF A SUBSTRATE WITH OZONE SOLVENTS A SOLUTION

GLASKUEGELCHEN MIT MODIFIZIERTER OBERFLAECHE, VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG UND VERWENDUNG DERSELBEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT ARTICLES MANUFACTURED BY LEAD CRYSTAL GLASS ARTICLES AND THEREBY

DISK UNIT, CONSISTING OF SEVERAL SCHEIBENFORMIGEN COMPONENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR YOUR PRODUCTION

Methods for transferring supercritical fluids in microelectronic and other industrial processes

UV PHOTOSENSITIVE MELTED GLASSES

NON-DESTUCTIVE SURFACE MARKING OF CERAMICSAND GLASSES USING A LASER BEAM

VITREOUS SILICA ARTICLES

THIN FILM DEPOSITION METHOD AND RESULTING PRODUCT

L'invention a pour objet un procédé d'obtention d'un substrat revêtu sur au moins une face d'un empilement de couches minces bas-émissif comprenant les étapes suivantes: -on dépose sur ladite au moins une face dudit substrat un empilement de couches minces comprenant au moins une couche mince d'argent entre au moins deux couches minces diélectriques, -on traite thermiquement la au moins une face revêtue à l'aide d'au moins un rayonnement laser émettant dans au moins une longueur d'onde comprise entre 500 et 2000 nm de sorte que l'émissivité et/ou la résistance carrée de l'empilement est diminuée d'au moins 5%, ledit procédé étant tel que ledit empilement avant traitement comprend au moins une couche mince absorbant au moins partiellement le rayonnement laser de sorte que l'absorption dudit empilementà au moins une longueur d'onde du rayonnement laser est telle que l'absorption d'un substrat de verre clair de 4mm d'épaisseurrevêtu dudit empilement à ladite au moins une longueur d'onde du ...

PHOTOSENSITIVE COLORED GLASSES EXHIBITING ALTERABLE PHOTO-ANISOTROPIC EFFECTS

This invention is concerned with hydrated glass articles having base compositions within the Na2O and/or K2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2-Cl field and having at least a surface layer thereon containing Ag-AgCl crystals which impart photoanisotropic effects to the glass articles. Silver ions are introduced into the surface layer through a solution ion exchange process with sodium and/or potassium ions of the parent glass. The silver remains in the ionic state until exposure to ultraviolet radiation which results in the development of silver-containing aggregates, i.e., Ag-AgCl, via a photolytic reaction. The aggregates contribute to photo-anisotropic absorption bands which are centered around 340 nm and 700 nm. Polarization of the photo-dichroic and photo-birefringent effects of the inventive products can be altered reversibly between two arbitrary directions without fatigue. The photo-anisotropic image can be read cyclically essentially indefinitely without destruction. The product of the invention is ...

METHOD OF MAKING A MACHINE-READABLE MARKING IN A WORKPIECE

RCA 73,566 A method for producing a machine-readable coded marking in the surface of a workpiece, such as a glass faceplate panel or a glass funnel for a cathode-ray tube, comprises targeting a series of contiguous strip-like areas of unit widths on the surface and vaporizing the surface portions of selected ones of the areas according to a prearranged program related to the marking.

LOW TEMPERATURE REDUCTION PROCESS FOR LARGE PHOTOMASKS

MULTILAYERED GLAZING

L'invention a pour objet un vitrage comprenant un substrat en verre (1) muni sur l'une de ses faces, destinée à former la face 1 dudit vitrage en position d'utilisation, d'un empilement de couches minces comprenant, depuis le substrat (1), une couche (2) d'un oxyde transparent électro-conducteur, une couche intermédiaire (3) d'indice de réfraction compris dans un domaine allant de 1,40 à 1,5 et d'épaisseur optique Y, et une couche photocatalytique (4) dont l'épaisseur optique X est d'au plus 50 nm, lesdites épaisseurs optiques X et Y, exprimées en nanomètres, étant telles que: ...

GLAZING PANEL

L'invention a pour objet un vitrage comprenant un substrat en verre (1) muni sur l'une de ses faces, destinée à former la face 1 dudit vitrage en position d'utilisation, d'un empilement de couches minces comprenant, depuis le substrat (1), une couche (2) d'un oxyde transparent électro-conducteur, une couche intermédiaire (3) d'indice de réfraction compris dans un domaine allant de 1,40 à 1,5 et d'épaisseur optique Y, et une couche photocatalytique (4) dont l'épaisseur optique X est d'au plus 50 nm, lesdites épaisseurs optiques X et Y, exprimées en nanomètres, étant telles que: ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A GLASS-CERAMIC BODY

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass-ceramic body comprising the steps of providing a basic glass body and subjecting the basic glass body to a thermal treatment whereby a crystalline phase embedded in a glass matrix is formed. According to the invention, the basic glass body is made of a composition comprising 65 to 72 wt-% SiO2, at least 10.1 wt-% Li2O and at least 10.1 wt-% A1203 based on the total weight of the composition, the proportion of Li2O to Al2O3 being from 1:1 to 1.5:1. The thermal treatment involves a nucleation step followed by several crystallization steps at different temperatures, whereby at least two different crystalline phases are formed.

COATED PANE HAVING AREAS IN WHICH THE COATING IS PARTIALLY REMOVED

Coated pane with a communication window, comprising at least: a. a base pane, b. a metal-containing coating, c. a first grid area and a second grid area within the metal-containing coating, d. wherein the first grid area and the second grid area have de-coated regions in the form of grid lines arranged in a netlike manner, e. the grid lines in the first grid area transition on at feast one long side into an open comb structure with teeth and the grid lines in the second grid area transition on at least one long side into a closed comb structure, wherein f. the first grid area is connected via at least one tooth of the open comb structure to the closed comb structure of the second grid area.

STAIN-RESISTANT GLASS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

The present invention provides a stain-resistant glass and a method of makin g such a glass. In accordance with the method of the invention, SO3 is applied to the upper surface of a sheet of float glass in an amount sufficient to reduce staining of the glass. In a preferred embodiment, the oxygen-containing gas and SO2 gas are supplied in a lehr adjacent the float bath at a temperature of at least about 800 .degree.F (about 425 .degree.C). In one aspect of the invention, a hood (30) having a gas delivery system (40) is provided, with the hood defining a downwardly open enclosure and enclosing a portion of the delivery system. Th e hood is optimally disposed above a ribbon of float glass (25) in an annealing lehr (20) and the delivery system may include a sparge pipe for delivering either SO2 or SO3 gas to the hood.

Procédé de fabrication d'objets en verre de silice

Procédé de fabrication d'un récipient en verre pour produits destinés à être stérilisés par irradiation

Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Metallen und Metallegierungen.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verstärkten Glasgegenstandes

Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Materialien mittels Energiestrahlen

Procédé de fabrication d'articles en verre opaque

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR OBERFLAECHENBEHANDLUNG VON GLASKOERPERN, INSBESONDERE HOHLKOERPERN.

Water - wettable surfaces - esp diving equipment obtd by treating with group four metal cpd solns

Solid surfaces, esp of transparent glass or plastic articles, used e.g. for diving equipment are rendered permanently clear and water-wettable by treatment e.g. by immersion, spraying, etc. with a soln or dispersion contg. >=1 Gp. IV metal cpd. pref. a 0.1-20 wt.% soln of SnCl2, SnBr2, SnF2, SnSO4 or stannous-formate or acetate, or of Zr-acetate, -acetyl acetonate or formate, followed by rinsing. Solvent may be water, opt. mixed with an org. mono- or poly-hydroxy cpd., esp glycerol or a glycol, or with a polymer, esp. polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN PANNEAU COMPRENANT PLUSIEURS FEUILLES ET PANNEAU AINSI FABRIQUE.

Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Vielzahl von Emitter- und Basiszonen enthaltenden Mikrohalbleiterbauelementen nach der Planartechnik

Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication d'un corps en verre, en matière vitrocristalline ou en céramique

Laminated windscreen - with ion diffusion surface hardened glass sheet

The plate comprises at least one glass or vitro crystalline material plate, which has been, previous to assembly subjected on one side to an ion diffusion treatment to produce an internally stressed skin zone forming the outside of the sandwich assembly. Furthermore a zone of this treated surface may be subjected to a tempering treatment to reduce breaking resistance against bending. The tempering consists of partial chemical removal of surface layer. The treatment reduces danger of spontaneous breakage of glass.

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN PANNEAU STRATIFIE COMPRENANT AU MOINS UNE FEUILLE DE VERRE ET PANNEAU AINSI FABRIQUE. MOINS UNE FEUILLE DE VERRE ET PANNEAU AINSI FABRIQUE.

PROCEDURE FOR TREATING THE SURFACE OF A EDGE-WELL-BEHAVED OPENING IN A GLASS CONTAINER.

PROCEDURE FOR THE WETTABLE MAKING OF IN OR MULTI-COMPONENT SUBSTRATES, OUTSIDE OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY.

ALUMINOSILICATE OPTICAL GLASSES.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A GLASS CONTAINER FOR THERMOPLASTIC CATCH.

DEVICE AND METHOD TO PREVENT DAMAGE OF THE SUBSTRATE IN PLASMA INSTALLATION, IN WHICH IS USED DBD

PROCEDE DE FERMETURE DE RECIPIENTS EN VERRE AU MOYEN D'UNE PELLICULE DE MATIERE THERMOPLASTIQUE

Procédé pour préparer la surface de l'orifice d'un récipient en verre en vue de sa fermeture avec une pellicule de matière thermoplastique. On traite la surface de scellement du récipient 1 avec du fluor et un oxyde de métal, ou bien avec un oxyde de soufre et un oxyde de métal, ou encore avec du fluor seul ou un oxyde de soufre seul, à chaud; dans le cas du fluor on utilise un composé fluoré qui se décompose à la température de chauffage et dans le cas d'un oxyde de métal on utilise un précurseur de cet oxyde. Pour fermer le récipient, on presse sur la surface de scellement une membrane comprenant une pellicule thermoplastique 2 et on chauffe pour former la liaison adhésive verre-plastique, la membrane pouvant être avantageusement constituée par une matière polymère thermoplastique et une feuille d'aluminium 3.

Containers out of glass for medicinal products

METHOD OF PREPARATION Of a MATTER WAVEGUIDE OPTICS

PROCEDE DE FORMATION DE COUCHES ANTIREFLECHISSANTES, ELEMENTS OPTIQUES, NOTAMMENT BARREAUX POUR LASERS, AYANT UNE COUCHE ANTIREFLECHISSANTE ET LASER AYANT DE TELS ELEMENTS OPTIQUES

L'INVENTION CONCERNE LA FORMATION DE COUCHES ANTI-REFLECHISSANTES. ELLE SE RAPPORTE A UN PROCEDE DE FORMATION DE COUCHES ANTIREFLECHISSANTES SUR DES VERRES DE SILICATE CONTENANT AU MOINS 5 EN POIDS DE METAUX ALCALINS. LE TRAITEMENT COMPREND UNE ATTAQUE PAR UNE SOLUTION NEUTRE OU LEGEREMENT ALCALINE, EN PRESENCE D'IONS D'UN METAL POLYVALENT. LE PARAMETRE PRIMORDIAL POUR L'OBTENTION D'UNE SURFACE ANTIREFLECHISSANTE REPRODUCTIBLE EST LE RAPPORT DE LA SURFACE DE VERRE A TRAITER AU VOLUME DE LA SOLUTION DE TRAITEMENT. APPLICATION A LA FABRICATION DE BARREAUX D'AMPLIFICATION POUR LASER.

Method for surface treatment of glass articles, in particular crystal and articles made therefrom.

RUBBER COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR PYROELECTRIC GLASSES

SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS AND SIMILAR MATERIALS

Process of handling of flat glass

DEIONIZATION OF THE DRINKING GLASS CONTAINERS

A METHOD FOR IMPROVING DURABILITY Of ARTICLES OUT OF SPONTANEOUS GLASS OPAL WITH the NAF

Improvements with the manufacture of silica glasses

METHOD OF PREPARATION Of a MATTER WAVEGUIDE OPTICS

VITROCERAMICS HAS SURFACE MODIFIEE AND THEIR PREPARATION

Thermochemical process of treatment of glass

Improvements with the processes to improve the impact resistance of laminated safety glasses, and to the articles thus obtained

PROCESS OF TREATMENT OF SUBSTRATES OUT OF GLASS

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de substrats en verre notamment utilisés comme mémoires "périphériques" dans le domaine de l'informatique. Selon l'invention, le procédé comporte une étape de renforcement par échanges d'ions superficiels et une étape ultérieure de désalcalinisation superficielle du substrat ...

PROCESS OF MODIFICATION OF THE SURFACE OF HOLLOW GLASS SHOTS

TIN OXIDE ETCHING METHOD

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMI?CONDUCTING GLASSES EXHIBITING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN THE MASS

METHOD OF PREPARATION Of BLANKS FOR the Fiberoptic DRAWING

Manufactoring process of decorated articles in vitroceramics and articles in vitroceramics fabriquésselon this process

APPARATUS FOR INCISING A WEB OF GLASS

PRODUCTION OF LIGHT CONDUCTING GLASS FIBRES

PRODUCTION OF LIGHT-CONDUCTING GLASS STRUCTURES

Safety glass - incorporating a thin scratched layer of glass easily shattered to small blunt fragments

METHOD OF TREATING A GLASS BODY

Process for producing an absorbent region in a glass optical system

TABLE FOR PROCESSING NONMETALLIC TRANSPARENT MATERIALS BY LASER RADIATION

화학 강화 유리

... 표층에 이온 교환법에 의해 형성된 압축 응력층을 갖는 화학 강화 유리이며, 표면 조도(Ra)가 0.20㎚ 이상이고, 유리의 최표면으로부터 깊이 X의 영역에서의 수소 농도 Y가, X=0.1 내지 0.4(㎛)에 있어서 하기 관계식 (I)을 만족하고, 볼-온-링 시험에 의해 측정한 면 강도 F(N)이 유리판의 판 두께 t(㎜)에 대하여 F≥1500×t2이고, 또한 표면에 연마 흠집을 갖지 않는 화학 강화 유리. Y=aX+b (I) 〔식 (I)에 있어서의 각 기호의 의미는 하기와 같다. Y: 수소 농도(H2O 환산, mol/L) X: 유리 최표면으로부터의 깊이(㎛) a: 0.270 내지 -0.005 b: 0.020 내지 0.220〕 ...

Safety-Glass

Glass plate production method and glass plate cleaning device

A glass plate production method comprising a cleaning step of sandwiching a glass plate G in the thickness direction thereof between a first cleaning member 10a contacting the upper surface Ga of the glass plate G and a second cleaning member 11a contacting the lower surface Gb, and in this state, rubbing and cleaning the upper and lower surfaces Ga, Gb, wherein the hardness of the first cleaning member 10a is higher than the hardness of the second cleaning member 10b.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC-DISK GLASS SUBSTRATE

Method for producing a blank of fluorine-and titanium-doped glass with a high silicic-acid content for use in euv lithography and blank produced according to said method

Method of forming optical fibers

A process is described for forming glass optical fibers by heating a glass composition to vaporize a component of the composition at the surface to reduce the refractive index of the glass surface. Four alternative processes can be used: heat treating a fiber preform followed by drawing the fiber, simultaneous heat treating and fiber pulling from a glass melt, fiber pulling followed by heat treating or heat treating the surface of a melt followed by drawing a fiber or preform so that the surface of the melt comprises the cladding.

Method for making photosensitive colored glasses

The instant invention relates to photosensitive glasses, i.e., glasses which, after an exposure to high energy or actinic radiations, can be heat treated in a certain manner to develop a colored transparent article, or which can be thermally opacified to produce a colored opal glass. More particularly, the instant invention is directed to alkali halide silver halide-containing photosensitive glasses which, through a unique sequence of shortwave radiation exposures and heat treatments, exhibit the total range of colors seen in the visible spectrum either in the transparent or in the opacified state and in three dimensions. The base glass composition can be varied widely, but the presence of silver, alkali oxide, fluorine, at least one of the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, and, where ultra-violet radiations comprise the actinic radiations, cerium oxide is required. Multi-colored photographs and other unique decorative effects can be imparted into such glasses. Where desired ...

Glasses for laser protection

Cuprous halide- or a cuprous-cadmium halide-containing glass articles are produced which are essentially completely opaque to ultraviolet radiation and can De essentially completely opaque to radiation within the region of wavelengths of up to 550 nm, but are transparent to visible radiations having a wavelength longer than the radiation within the region of opacity. The method involves exposing the glass articles to a hydrogen gas-containing atmosphere at a temperature between about 375 DEG -500 DEG C. for a period of at least 18 hours to develop an integral reduced layer in at least one surface of the article having a depth effective to prevent the transmission of ultraviolet radiation and radiation having a wavelength up to 550 nm through the article.

Fine laminar barrier protective layer

In order to provide a thermostable and highly effective barrier coating on a substrate, and to protect the substrate against the effect of harmful gas components even at high temperatures, the invention provides a coated substrate comprising a barrier coating having a multiplicity of consecutive individual layers respectively of a kind differing from or similar to a neighboring individual layer, the individual layers exhibiting a layer thickness of respectively at most 50 nanometers.

Устройство для матирования изделий из стекла

Полезная модель относится к оборудованию для матирования изделий из стекла, преимущественно сортовой посуды. Технический результат, на который направлена полезная модель, – увеличение производительности устройства. Технический результат достигается тем, что предлагаемое устройство включает камеру с проемами, турникетку для установки изделия, магистраль сжатого воздуха, причем магистраль сжатого воздуха представлена в виде жесткого шланга из полимерных материалов с наконечником в виде сопла, а турникетка для установки изделия снабжена электроприводом и закреплена посредством кронштейна в одном из двух проемов нижней стенки камеры параллельно горелке плазменного типа, которая установлена посредствам кронштейна в другой проем нижней стенки камеры; на боковой стенке камеры выполнены два проема, один из которых предназначен для загрузки и выгрузки изделия и снабжен затвором для удержания отходящих плазмообразующих газов и брызг рабочего раствора, во второй проем установлена магистраль сжатого воздуха, подведенная к резервуару для рабочего раствора, который закреплен кронштейнами к верхней стенке камеры с внутренней стороны; на верхней стенке камеры также выполнены два проема, в один из которых установлен трубопровод для подачи рабочего раствора в резервуар, а в другой вытяжная вентиляция. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 189 732 U1 (51) МПК C03C 15/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C03C 15/00 (2019.02); C03C 23/007 (2019.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018145536, 21.12.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: (73) Патентообладатель(и): АНО ВО "Белгородский университет кооперации, экономики и права" (RU) 31.05.2019 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: ГУЛОЯН Ю.А. Декоративная (45) Опубликовано: 31.05.2019 Бюл. № 16 U 1 1 8 9 7 3 2 R U обработка стекла и стеклоизделий, Москва, Высшая школа, 1984, с.191. EA 201070170 A1, 30.08.2010. US 20050061774 ...

Transparent substrate with thin film and method for manufacturing transparent substrate with circuit pattern wherein such transparent substrate with thin film is used

An object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a transparent substrate provided with a tin oxide thin film which can be satisfactorily patterned even by irradiation with a laser light having low energy because an ablation phenomenon occurs therewith. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a transparent substrate bearing a circuit pattern, which comprises irradiating a thin-film-attached transparent substrate comprising a transparent substrate having thereon a transparent conductive film having a carrier concentration of 5×10 19 /cm 3 or higher, with a laser light having a wavelength of 1,064 nm to form a circuit pattern on the transparent substrate.

Laser processing method

A laser processing method of converging a laser light into an object to be processed made of glass so as to form a modified region and etching the object along the modified region so as to form a through hole in the object comprises a browning step of discoloring at least a part of the object by browning; a laser light converging step of forming the modified region in the discolored part of the object by converging the laser light into the object after the browning step; and an etching step of etching the object after the laser light converging step so as to advance the etching selectively along the modified region and form the through hole.

Laser sealing device for glass substrates

A laser sealing device for glass substrates includes a first laser head and a second laser head. The first laser head irradiates laser onto a sealing material coated between glass substrates, thereby melting the sealing material. The second laser head is provided at a predetermined interval from the first laser head, irradiates laser onto the portion which has been irradiated by the first laser head, and is set to a lower power than the first laser head. The device further includes a heating plate provided so as to be movable relative to the first and second laser heads and placed on the glass substrates when being heated to a predetermined temperature. Thus, it is possible to minimize the occurrence of cracking in the glass substrates due to thermal shock since the temperature of the sealing material which is melted by the laser heads drops slowly rather than rapidly.

Glass member provided with sealing material layer, electronic device using it and process for producing the electronic device

The invention provides a glass member provided with a sealing material layer, which suppresses generation of failures such as cracks or breakage of glass substrates or a sealing layer even when the distance between two glass substrates is narrowed, and thereby makes it possible to improve the sealing property between the glass substrates and its reliability. A glass substrate has a surface provided with a sealing region, on which a sealing material layer having a thickness of at most 15 μm is formed. The sealing material layer includes a fired material of a glass material for sealing containing a sealing glass, a laser absorbent and optionally a low-expansion filler, wherein the total content of the laser absorbent and the low-expansion filler being the optional component in the glass material for sealing is within the range of from 2 to 44 vol %.

Method and System for Mitigation of Particulate Inclusions in Optical Materials

A method of fabricating an optical material includes providing input materials having a material softening temperature, melting the input materials, and flowing the melted input materials into a laser inclusion mitigation system. The melted input materials comprise one or more inclusions. The method also includes irradiating the input materials using a laser beam, fragmenting the one or more inclusions in response to the irradiating, and reducing a temperature of the input materials to less than the material softening temperature. The method further includes forming an optical material and annealing the optical material.

Enhanced chemical strengthening glass for portable electronic devices

Apparatus, systems and methods for improving strength of a thin glass member for an electronic device are disclosed. In one embodiment, the glass member can have improved strength characteristics in accordance with a predetermined stress profile. The predetermined stress profile can be formed through multiple stages of chemical strengthening. The stages can, for example, have a first ion exchange stage where larger ions are exchanged into the glass member, and a second ion exchange stage where some of the larger ions are exchanged out from the glass member. In one embodiment, the glass member can pertain to a glass cover for a housing for an electronic device. The glass cover can be provided over or integrated with a display.

Annealing method and annealing apparatus

An annealing method irradiates a target object, having a film formed on its surface, with a laser beam to perform an annealing process to the target object. The surface of the target object is irradiated with the laser beam obliquely at an incident angle that is determined to achieve an improved laser absorptance of the film.

Tempered glass substrate and method of producing the same

A tempered glass substrate of the present invention is a tempered glass substrate, which has a compression stress layer on a surface thereof, and has a glass composition comprising, in terms of mass %, 40 to 71% of SiO 2 , 3 to 21% of Al 2 O 3 , 0 to 3.5% of Li 2 O, 7 to 20% of Na 2 O, and 0 to 15% of K 2 O.

Vitreous silica crucible and method of manufacturing the same

Provided is a method of manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible for pulling a silicon single crystal which can suppress melt surface vibration of silicon melt filled therein and has a long lifetime. The crucible includes a peripheral wall portion, a curved portion and a bottom portion, and has a plurality of micro recesses on the specific region of the inner surface of the peripheral wall portion.

Copper-contaning silica glass, method for producing the same, and xenon flash lamp using the same

It is an object of the present invention to provide a copper-containing silica glass which emits fluorescence having a peak in a wavelength range of from 520 nm to 580 nm under irradiation of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 400 nm or less, and which is excellent in long term stability even in the high output use. The copper-containing silica glass is made to have copper of from 5 wtppm to 200 wtppm, which emits fluorescence having a peak in a wavelength range of from 520 nm to 580 nm under irradiation of ultraviolet light with a wavelength ranging from 160 nm to 400 nm, and in which an internal transmittance per 2.5 mm thickness at a wavelength of 530 nm is 95% or more.

Method of Manufacturing Optical Component

The method of manufacturing an optical component includes: a process for forming optical surface of mirror-finishing a surface of an object-to-be-processed that is formed of glass; a heating process of heating the object-to-be-processed that is mirror-finished; and a film forming process of forming an optical thin film on the surface of the object-to-be-processed that is heated in the heating process. In the heating process, a temperature of the object-to-be-processed is from 0.75 times or more to 1 times or less of a glass transition point T g (K) of the object-to-be-processed.

Alkaline detergent composition for use on hard surfaces

An alkaline detergent composition for hard surface comprises an alkaline agent (component A), a nonionic surfactant (component B), a chelating agent (component C), water (component D), at least one carboxylic acid compound (component E) selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (1) and general formula (2), and at least one anionic surfactant (component F) selected from the group consisting of surfactants represented by general formula (3) and salts thereof. Therein, the content ratio [component E (weight %)/component B (weight %)] is 1/1.5-15/1, the content ratio [component F (weight %)/component B (weight %)] is 10/1-1/5, and the pH at 25° C. is 12 or greater.

Glass for use as substrate for information recording medium, substrate for information recording medium and information recording medium, and their production methods

According to one aspect of the present invention, provided is glass for use in substrate for information recording medium, which comprises, denoted as molar percentages, a total of 70 to 85 percent of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , where SiO 2 content is equal to or greater than 50 percent and Al 2 O 3 content is equal to or greater than 3 percent; a total of equal to or greater than 10 percent of Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O; a total of 1 to 6 percent of CaO and MgO, where CaO content is greater than MgO content; a total of greater than 0 percent but equal to or lower than 4 percent of ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , La 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 and TiO 2 ; with the molar ratio of the total content of Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O to the total content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 and TiO 2 ((Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O)/(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 +ZrO 2 +HfO 2 +Nb 2 O 5 +Ta 2 O 5 +La 2 O 3 +Y 2 O 3 +TiO 2 )) being equal to or less than 0.28. Further provided are the substrate for information recording medium, information recording medium and their manufacturing methods according to the present invention.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BIOACTIVE GLASS CERAMIC MATERIAL

A method for manufacturing a bioactive glass ceramic material is firstly to prepare a calcium phosphate series ceramic material and a nano-scaled titanium dioxide powder with a specific proportion of anatase phase titanium dioxide structure. Then, the calcium phosphate series ceramic material and the nano-scaled titanium dioxide powder are mixed according to a specific proportion for obtaining a mixture. The mixture is then melted and quenched to execute a replacement type quasi-chemical reaction to form a bioactive glass containing titanium phosphoric (TiPO). Finally, the bioactive glass can be further ground into a bioactive glass powder, and a heat treatment can be applied to recrystallize the bioactive powder so as to obtain the bioactive glass ceramic material. Also, the bioactive glass ceramic material can be further polarized into an electrified bioactive glass ceramic material which can promote the growth of a broken bone. 1. A method for manufacturing a polarized bioactive glass ceramic material , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '5, '(a) providing a calcium phosphate series ceramic material composed of a calcium oxide (CaO) and a phosphorus pentoxide (PO);'}(b) providing a nano-scaled titanium dioxide powder with a predetermined proportion of anatase phase titanium dioxide structure;(c) monitoring the nano-scaled titanium dioxide powder to confirm a constituent amount of anatase phase titanium dioxide structure;{'sub': 3', '4, '(d) selectively executing a mixing process to make said the calcium phosphate series glass ceramic material be thereby mixed with the nano-scaled titanium dioxide powder and a phosphoric acid (HPO) liquid according to a predetermined mixing proportion so as to produce a mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '7, '(e) melting and quenching the mixture so as to execute a replacement type quasi-chemical reaction to form a bioactive glass containing titanium phosphoric (TiPO);'}(f) grinding the bioactive glass to manufacture a bioactive glass powder; ...

Transparent material processing with an ultrashort pulse laser

Methods for ultrashort pulse laser processing of optically transparent materials. A method for scribing transparent materials uses ultrashort laser pulses to create multiple scribe features with a single pass of the laser beam across the material, with at least one of the scribe features being formed below the surface of the material. Slightly modifying the ultrashort pulse laser processing conditions produces sub-surface marks. When properly arranged, these marks are clearly visible with side-illumination and not clearly visible without side-illumination. In addition, a method for welding transparent materials uses ultrashort laser pulses to create a bond through localized heating. The ultrashort pulse duration causes nonlinear absorption of the laser radiation, and the high repetition rate of the laser causes pulse-to-pulse accumulation of heat within the materials.

Glazing panel

The subject of the invention is a glazing unit comprising a glass substrate ( 1 ) equipped on one of its faces, intended to form face 1 of said glazing unit in the use position, with a thin-film multilayer comprising, from the substrate ( 1 ), a film ( 2 ) of a transparent electrically conductive oxide, an intermediate film ( 3 ) having a refractive index lying in the range from 1.40 to 1.55 and having an optical thickness Y, and a photocatalytic film ( 4 ) the optical thickness X of which is at most 50 nm, said optical thicknesses X and Y, expressed in nanometers, being such that: 110· e −0.025X ≦Y ≦135· e −0.018X

System And Method For Laser-Based, Non-Evaporative Repair Of Damage Sites In The Surfaces Of Fused Silica Optics

A method for repairing a damage site on a surface of an optical material is disclosed. The method may involve focusing an Infrared (IR) laser beam having a predetermined wavelength, with a predetermined beam power, to a predetermined full width (“F/W”) 1/ediameter spot on the damage site. The focused IR laser beam is maintained on the damage site for a predetermined exposure period corresponding to a predetermined acceptable level of downstream intensification. The focused IR laser beam heats the damage site to a predetermined peak temperature, which melts and reflows material at the damage site of the optical material to create a mitigated site. 1. A method of repairing a damage site on a surface of an optical material comprising:{'sup': '2', 'focusing an Infrared (IR) laser beam, of a predetermined wavelength, with a predetermined beam power, to a predetermined full width (“FM/”) 1/ediameter spot on the damage site;'}maintaining the focused IR laser beam on the damage site for a predetermined exposure period corresponding to a predetermined acceptable level of downstream intensification; andfurther using the focused IR laser beam to heat the damage site to a predetermined peak temperature, which melts and reflows material at the damage site of the optical material to create a mitigated site.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material at the damage site of the optical material is melted and reflowed without causing evaporation of the material.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling the beam power of the IR laser beam to provide:a first, predetermined, continuous level of beam power for a first time duration; andsubsequently ramping down the beam power to a reduced, second beam power level over a second time duration.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling the beam power of the IR laser beam to provide:a first, predetermined, continuous level of beam power for a first time duration; andsubsequently ramping down the beam power ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SURFACE-TREATED GLASS PLATE

An object of the present invention is to provide a surface-treated glass plate having a concave portion on the order of nanometers, in which the depth of the concave portion is sufficiently large for the size thereof and which is free from an abnormal bump portion and excellent in the transparency to visible light. The present invention relates to a surface-treated glass plate having a plurality of the concave portions provided in a glass surface, in which a plane of the glass surface, excluding a region in which the concave portions are formed, is a flat plane, and the concave portions have an average open pore diameter of 10 nm to less than 1 μm in a cross-sectional view thereof. 1. A process for producing a surface-treated glass plate formed a plurality of concave portions on a surface of a glass plate , the method comprising:a heating step of heating the glass plate in a range from strain point (° C.) to strain point+250 (° C.);{'sub': '2', 'an exposing step of exposing the heated glass plate to an atmosphere containing water in a concentration of 0.01 to 20 g/L so as to form a hydrated layer only on a surface of the heated glass plate to generate a phase separation which separates to a high SiOphase and a high alkaline-containing phase in the hydrated layer; and'}a washing step of washing the glass plate to remove the high alkaline-containing phase.2. The process for producing a surface-treated glass plate according to claim 1 , wherein the washing step includes removing the high alkaline-containing phase by dissolving it in water.3. The process for producing a surface-treated glass plate according to claim 1 , wherein in the exposing step claim 1 , an exposure time for exposing the glass plate to the atmosphere is 1 to 30 minutes.4. The process for producing a surface-treated glass plate according to claim 1 , wherein the heating step includes heating the glass plate in a range of 510 to 760° C.5. The process for producing a surface-treated glass plate ...

DIMENSIONAL SILICA-BASED POROUS SILICON STRUCTURES AND METHODS OF FABRICATION

Methods of fabricating dimensional silica-based substrates or structures comprising a porous silicon layers are contemplated. According to one embodiment, oxygen is extracted from the atomic elemental composition of a silica glass substrate by reacting a metallic gas with the substrate in a heated inert atmosphere to form a metal-oxygen complex along a surface of the substrate. The metal-oxygen complex is removed from the surface of the silica glass substrate to yield a crystalline porous silicon surface portion and one or more additional layers are formed over the crystalline porous silicon surface portion of the silica glass substrate to yield a dimensional silica-based substrate or structure comprising the porous silicon layer. Embodiments are also contemplated where the substrate is glass-based, but is not necessarily a silica-based glass substrate. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed. 1. A method of fabricating a dimensional silica glass substrate or structure having a porous silicon surface layer portion of the method comprising:providing a silica glass substrate;extracting oxygen from the atomic elemental composition of a surface portion of the silica glass substrate by reacting a metallic gas with the surface of the silica glass substrate in a heated inert atmosphere to form a metal-oxygen complex in the surface portion of the silica glass substrate, wherein the inert atmosphere is heated to a reaction temperature sufficient to facilitate the oxygen extraction; andremoving the metal-oxygen complex from the surface portion of the silica glass substrate to yield a crystalline porous silicon surface portion in the surface of the silica glass substrate;2. A method as claimed in further the step of of:utilizing the porous silicon surface portion of the silica glass substrate as a seed layer and epitaxially growing or depositing a semiconductor or crystalline material overlayer on the porous silicon surface portion of the silica glass substrate.3. A ...

Vial and method for producing the same

A method for producing a vial with low alkali elution by removing a deteriorated region caused by processing on an internal surface of a vial is disclosed. The method is for forming vials from borosilicate glass tubes, which includes a first step of forming a mouth of the vial; a second step of forming the borosilicate glass tube into a cup-shaped body to form a bottom of a vial; and a third step of fire-blasting an internal surface of the cup-shaped body with a flame.

METHODS OF FORMING HIGH-DENSITY ARRAYS OF HOLES IN GLASS

A method of fabricating a high-density array of holes in glass is provided, comprising providing a glass piece having a front surface, then irradiating the front surface of the glass piece with a UV laser beam focused to a focal point within +/−100 μm of the front surface of the glass piece most desirably within +/−50 μm of the front surface. The lens focusing the laser has a numerical aperture desirably in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4, more desirably in the range of from 0.1 to 0.15 for glass thickness between 0.3 mm and 0.63 mm, even more desirably in the range of from 0.12 to 0.13, so as to produce open holes extending into the glass piece 100 from the front surface 102 of the glass piece, the holes having an diameter the in range of from 5 to 15 μm, and an aspect ratio of at least 20:1. For thinner glass, in the range of from 0.1-0.3 mm, the numerical aperture is desirably from 0.25 to 0.4, more desirably from 0.25 to 0.3, and the beam is preferably focused to within +/−30 μm of the front surface of the glass. The laser is desirable operated at a repetition rate of about 15 kHz or below. An array of holes thus produced may then be enlarged by etching. The front surface may be polished prior to etching, if desired. 1. A method of fabricating a high-density array of holes in glass , the method comprising:providing a glass piece having a front surface;irradiating the front surface of the glass piece with a UV laser beam, the beam being focused by a lens within +/−100 um of the front surface of the glass piece, the lens having a numerical aperture in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4, so as to produce open holes extending into the glass piece from the front surface of the glass piece, the holes having an diameter the in range of from 5 to 15 μm, and an aspect ratio of at least 20:1.2. The method according to wherein irradiating comprises using a laser beam with a wavelength in the range of from 200-400 nm.3. The method according to wherein irradiating comprises using a ...

STRENGTHENED GLASS ARTICLES HAVING ETCHED FEATURES AND METHODS OF FORMING THE SAME

Strengthened glass articles having laser etched features, electronic devices, and methods of fabricating etched features in strengthened glass articles are disclosed. In one embodiment, a strengthened glass article includes a first strengthened surface layer and a second strengthened surface layer under a compressive stress and extending from a first surface and a second surface, respectively, of the strengthened glass article to a depth of layer, and a central region between the first strengthened surface layer and the second strengthened surface layer that is under tensile stress. The strengthened glass article further includes at least one etched feature formed by laser ablation within the first surface or the second surface having a depth that is less than the depth of layer and a surface roughness that is greater than a surface roughness of the first surface or second surface outside of the at least one etched feature. 1. A method of fabricating a strengthened glass article having an etched feature , the method comprising:providing a non-strengthened glass article comprising a first surface and a second surface;focusing a laser beam onto the first surface of the non-strengthened glass article to ablate material from the first surface;translating the laser beam relative to the non-strengthened glass article within a boundary defined by a desired etched feature, wherein translation of the laser beam ablates the material from the first surface at a depth to form the etched feature; and the strengthened glass article comprises a first strengthened surface layer and a second strengthened surface layer under a compressive stress and extending from the first surface and the second surface of the strengthened glass article, respectively, to a depth of layer, and a central region between the first strengthened surface layer and the second strengthened surface layer that is under tensile stress; and', 'the depth of the etched feature is less than the depth of layer such ...

Transparent Glass Article that is Locally Colored in its Bulk, an an Associated Method

An industrial decoration method in which a colored pattern () is made in the bulk of an article () made of transparent glass of composition including at least one metallic oxide of silver, of gold, or of copper, said method including the following successive steps: 1111. An industrial decoration method in which a colored pattern () is made in the bulk of an article () made of transparent glass of composition including at least one metallic oxide of silver , of gold , or of copper , said method including the following successive steps:a step of laser irradiating the zone of said glass article that is to be colored; anda final step of annealing the irradiated glass;{'sup': −11', '12', '2, 'and being characterized in that a glass composition is used that includes cerium and that has a total content of antimony plus tin that is less than 100 ppm, and in that the glass composition has been oxidized by the glass passing along a delivery channel having an oxidizing atmosphere, in particular having an increased presence of oxygen, and in that the step of laser irradiating the zone that is to be colored is performed with laser irradiation having a pulse duration that is less than or equal to 10s, while delivering power to the glass at greater than 10W/cm.'}2. A method according to claim 1 , which a composition is used that contains neither antimony or tin.33. A method according to in which said irradiation step is performed with the help of a laser () having a wavelength lying in the range 250 nm to 1700 nm.43. A method according to in which said irradiation step is performed with the help of a laser () having a pulse duration that is shorter than 6 ps.5325. A method according to in which said irradiation step is performed with the help of a laser () from which the beam () passes through an optical focusing system ().6111. A method according to in which the laser has an overlap ratio and the overlap ratio of the laser is caused to vary during the irradiation step in order to ...

Reed switch glass tube

A reed switch glass tube is capable of preventing, for example, chipping and cracking of end parts thereof by forming a compressive stress layer having a length (A) from an end face within a range of 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm on an outer circumference surface of the end part of the glass tube.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLDED BODY COMPRISING POLYMER-CONTAINING MATERIAL AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ADHESIVE BOND BETWEEN A POLYMER-CONTAINING MATERIAL AND A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOLDED BODY

A three-dimensional molded body, a method for producing a three-dimensional molded body and a method for producing an adhesive bond between a polymer-containing material and a molded body having an inorganic porous framework structure in at least partial areas are described. In all cases the porous structure of the molded body comprising inorganic material is brought in contact with a polymer-containing material which is heated until the heated material enters into a joint connection with the molded body based on adhesive interactions, interfacial interactions, electrostatic interactions or any combination thereof, in which the pore-like voids of the porous structure are filled completely with the polymer-containing material, which stabilizes the molded body so that it has dimensional stability after cooling. 121-. (canceled)22. A three-dimensional molded body comprising a porous framework structure including a bicontinuous morphology in at least partial areas or having non-interconnected side-by-side pores and wherein the pores are completely filled exclusively with an organic polymer-containing material , which is connected to the inorganic porous framework structure , based on adhesive interactions , interfacial interactions , electrostatic interactions or any combination of the before listed interactions in the at least partial areas.23. The three-dimensional molded body according to claim 22 , wherein:the porous framework structure has average pore sizes of 1 nm to 100 μm.24. The three-dimensional molded body according to claim 22 , wherein:the inorganic porous framework structure is entirely or partially a material selected from metals, metal alloys, nonmetals, combinations of nonmetallic elements and metal-nonmetal composites, including platinum, palladium, copper, iron, oxides, phosphates, nitrides, mixtures of different oxides and/or phosphates and/or nitrides, semiconductor materials, amorphous carbon materials or at least partially crystalline carbon ...

Wave plate and method for producing wave plate

To provide a low-cost wave plate that does not cause any diffracted light and wavefront aberrations. The challenge is met by providing a wave plate characterized by including a first region, a second region, and a third region which are placed on a glass substrate. The first region and the second region exhibit each uniaxial birefringence at least in their portions. The third region exhibits uniaxial birefringence and is interposed between the first region and the second region. Phase advance axes of birefringence of the first region and the second region are substantially parallel to each other. A phase advance axis of birefringence of the third region is substantially orthogonal to the phase advance axes of birefringence of the first and second regions.

Glass for chemical tempering and glass plate for display device

To provide glass to be used for chemically tempered glass which is hardly broken even when flawed. Glass for chemical tempering, which comprises, as represented by mole percentage based on the following oxides, from 65 to 85% of SiO 2 , from 3 to 15% of Al 2 O 3 , from 5 to 15% of Na 2 O, from 0 and less than 2% of K 2 O, from 0 to 15% of MgO and from 0 to 1% of ZrO 2 , and has a total content Si0 2 +Al 2 O 3 of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 of at most 88%.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHEMICALLY STRENGTHENED GLASS SUBSTRATE FOR DISPLAY DEVICE

The present invention provides a method for producing a chemically strengthened glass for a display device, which is capable of suppressing generation of concave defects. The present invention relates to a method for producing a chemically strengthened glass substrate for a display device, in which a calcium concentration in a cleaning liquid used in a final cleaning step before a chemical strengthening step is 5 ppm or less. 1. A method for producing a chemically strengthened glass substrate for a display device , wherein a calcium concentration in a cleaning liquid used in a final cleaning step before a chemical strengthening step is 5 ppm or less.2. The method for producing a chemically strengthened glass substrate for a display device according to claim 1 , wherein the cleaning liquid is water. The present invention relates to a method for producing a chemically strengthened glass substrate for a display device.A glass chemically strengthened by ion exchange or the like (hereinafter referred to as a “chemically strengthened glass”) is used in a cover glass of a display devices such as digital camera, mobile phone and PDA, and a glass substrate of a touch panel display. The chemically strengthened glass has high mechanical strength as compared with an unstrengthened glass, and is therefore suitable for those uses (Patent Documents 1 to 3).The cover glass of a display device and the like and the glass substrate of a touch panel display are required to have high transparency, high smoothness and good appearance.However, when a chemically strengthened glass substrate is used in a display device, a problem occurs in appearance in some cases. As a result of analyzing the glass substrate where the problem occurred in appearance by the present inventors, it has been found that very small concave defects (hereinafter referred to as “concave defects”) are generated on the surface of the glass substrate.Accordingly, the present invention aims at providing a method for ...

Coated Glasses and Method for Their Manufacture

The invention relates to coated glass as well as a method for its manufacture. 118-. (canceled)20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the method further comprises the step of abrading the partially or completely cured coating to break pointed edges.21. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the primer includes or comprises a polar claim 19 , organic solvent having 2 to 12 carbon atoms claim 19 , and at least one chemical group selected from keto claim 19 , aldehyde claim 19 , ester and acid group.22. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the method further comprises the step of polishing the glass surface with steel wool before applying the polyacrylate lacquer to the glass surface.23. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the polyacrylate lacquer is applied via silk-screen printing claim 19 , spraying or rolling.24. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the mineral particles are oxides or mixed oxides of aluminum and/or silicon claim 19 , including hydrates thereof or oxides or mixed oxides of titanium claim 19 , zinc or iron.25. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the mineral particles have an average diameter of 5 to 25 μm.26. The method according to claim 19 , wherein dyes claim 19 , colored pigments or both are added to the polyacrylate lacquer to manufacture a colored coating.27. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the glass body consists of fire-resistant glass of fireproof class F or G.28. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the glass body is a single-sheet safety glass claim 19 , and the coated glass has a surface tension that is relative to the uncoated either approximately unchanged or maximally reduced by 10%.29. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the polyacrylate lacquer is a 2-component lacquer obtained from at least one polyacrylate binder comprising the mineral particles and at least one isocyanate hardener having two or more reactive isocyanate groups per molecule claim 19 , which are ...

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF COPPER IN GLASS

The disclosure is directed to glass compositions that incorporate copper into an otherwise homogeneous glass and to a method for making such glass. This incorporation of the copper into the glass composition imparts significant antimicrobial activity to the glass. A method of making a copper-containing glass article comprises: batching a glass batch comprising: 40-85 SiO; 10-40 BO; 1-19 AlO; 0.1-20 CuO or a selected salt of Cu that is convertible into CuO during melting; 0-20 MO, wherein M is Li, Na, K, or combinations thereof; 0-25 RO, wherein R is Ca, Sr, Mg, or combinations thereof; and 0-20 ZnO. melting the batch to form a melted glass; and forming the melted glass to form the copper-containing glass article having antimicrobial properties. 124-. (canceled)25. A glass article comprising copper selected from the group consisting of Cu ions , metallic copper , colloidal copper , copper nanoparticles , and combinations thereof dispersed throughout the glass and at a surface of the glass; and the glass having antimicrobial properties.26. The article according to claim 25 , wherein the copper is in a reduced state.27. The article according to claim 26 , wherein the reduced copper is at a depth of in the range of from 2 μm to 3 μm from the surface of the glass.28. The article according to claim 26 , having a log reduction ≧1.29. The article according to claim 25 , wherein the glass is a strengthened glass.30. The article according to claim 25 , wherein the glass as batched comprises 0.1 mole %-20 mole % copper.31. The article according to claim 25 , wherein the glass as batched comprises 10 mole %-40 mole % BO.32. The article according to claim 25 , wherein the glass as batched comprises a BO/AlOratio greater than 1.33. The article according to claim 25 , wherein the glass as batched has an R-value of less than 1.34. The article according to claim 25 , wherein the glass comprises copper nanoparticles and wherein the nanoparticles are adhered to the surface.35. The ...

GLASS SUBSTRATES WITH MODIFIED SURFACE RESISTANT TO WEATHERING

A light guide plate that includes a glass substrate including an edge surface and at least two major surfaces defining a thickness and an edge surface, the edge surface configured to receive light from a light source and the glass substrate configured to distribute the light from the light source, wherein the glass substrate comprises an alkali-containing bulk and an alkali-depleted surface layer, the alkali-depleted surface layer comprising about 0.5 atomic % alkali or less. Display products and methods of processing a glass substrate for use as a light guide plate are also provided. 1. A light guide plate , comprising:a glass substrate including an edge surface and at least two major surfaces defining a thickness and an edge surface configured to receive light from a light source and the glass substrate configured to distribute the light from the light source; wherein the glass substrate comprises:an alkali-containing bulk; andan alkali-depleted surface layer, the alkali-depleted surface layer comprising about 0.5 atomic % alkali or less.2. The light guide plate of claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises about 0.5 atomic % alkaline earth or less.3. The light guide plate of claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises greater than about 90 mol % SiOand at least about 5 mol % AlO.4. The light guide plate of claim 1 , wherein the light guide plate exhibits a transmittance normal to the alkali-depleted surface layer greater than 90% over a wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm.5. The light guide plate of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of a light extraction feature (LEF) and a lenticular lens on the alkali-depleted surface layer.6. The light guide plate of claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer reduces formation of weathering products upon aging at 60° C. and 90% relative humidity for 960 hours compared to a light guide plate that does not comprise an alkali-depleted surface layer.8. The light guide plate ...

GLASSES AND GLASS CERAMICS INCLUDING A METAL OXIDE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

A glass-based article may include from about 45 mol. % to about 80 mol. % SiO; from about 0 mol. % to about 10 mol. % NaO; less than about 5 mol. % KO; a non-zero amount of AlO; and an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase. The article may further in include a stress profile comprising a surface compressive stress (CS) and a maximum central tension (CT). A ratio of LiO (mol. %) to RO (mol. %) in the article is from about 0.5 to about 1, where RO is the sum of LiO, NaO, and KO in the article. CT may be greater than or equal to about 50 MPa and less than about 100 MPa. CS may be greater than 2.0·CT. A depth of compression (DOC) of the stress profile may be greater than or equal to 0.14·t and less than or equal to 0.25·t, where t is the thickness of the article. 1. A glass-based article comprising:{'sub': '2', 'greater than or equal to 45 mol. % and less than or equal to about 80 mol. % SiO;'}{'sub': '2', 'greater than or equal to 0 mol. % and less than or equal to 10 mol. % NaO;'}{'sub': '2', 'less than 5 mol. % KO;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'a non-zero amount of AlO;'}a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface thereby defining a thickness (t) of the glass-based article; and the glass-based article comprises an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase;', {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a ratio of LiO (mol. %) to RO (mol. %) in the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, where RO is the sum of LiO, NaO, and KO in the glass-based article;'}, 'CT is greater than or equal to about 50 MPa and less than about 100 MPa;', 'CS is greater than 2.0·CT; and', 'a depth of compression (DOC) of the stress profile is greater than or equal to 0.14·t and less than or equal to 0.25·t., 'a stress profile comprising a surface compressive stress (CS) and a maximum central tension (CT), wherein2. The glass-based article of claim 1 , wherein CS is greater than or equal to 150 MPa.3. The glass-based article of claim 1 , wherein CS is ...

DEVICE COMPRISING A FURNACE AND METHOD FOR THE USE THEREOF

A furnace () has at least one furnace chamber () delimited by a wall (); at least one opening () is provided in the wall (). The opening is provided with at least one nozzle (), configured to generate a sealing air flow. A glass semi-finished product () can be introduced into the furnace chamber. 11220254. Device () comprising a furnace () having at least one furnace chamber () , being is delimited by a wall () and being adapted to receive a semi-finished glass product () , wherein{'b': 25', '5', '50, 'the wall () has at least one opening (), which is provided with at least one nozzle (), said nozzle being adapted to generate a sealing air flow.'}250. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the nozzle () is a ring nozzle.32202122234. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the furnace () has a plurality of furnace chambers ( claim 1 , claim 1 , claim 1 , ) claim 1 , which are configured to be passed through sequentially by the semi-finished glass product () claim 1 , each furnace chamber configured to be brought to a different temperature.44. Device according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one thermal camera claim 1 , configured to determine temperature variation on a surface of the semi-finished glass product ().564. Device according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one embossing die () configured to re-shape the semi-finished glass product ().625020202520. Device according to claim 5 , wherein the embossing die is located in a partial volume () of the furnace chamber () claim 5 , and the device is configured to control temperature in the furnace chamber () such that a temperature of the partial volume () differs from a temperature of the remaining volume within the furnace chamber ().7606. Device according to claim 5 , wherein a complementarily shaped counter embossing die () is arranged opposite the at least one embossing die ().8330404. Device according claim 1 , further comprising at least one laser () configured to generate a laser beam () claim ...

Laser processing apparatus and laser processing method

A laser processing apparatus that condenses a laser beam into an annular shape to irradiate the condensing position of the laser beam within a thickness range of a substrate, and shifts the condensing position in such a manner that the center of the condensing position that is annular moves in a circular manner, at a stage of shifting the condensing position in a thickness direction of the substrate and a planar direction of the substrate.

TEMPERED GLASS ARTICLE WITH SUB-SURFACE LASER ENGRAVING AND PRODUCTION METHOD

A glass article is provided that has sub-surface laser engraving and a prestressing of the surface. A production method for the glass article and the use of the glass article are also provided. The sub-surface laser engraving is arranged in a partial volume of the glass article that is under tensile stress, with tempering of the glass article being performed after the introduction of the sub-surface laser engraving. 1. A glass article comprising:a surface having a compressive stress;an internal region having at least one region of compressive stress and at least one region of tensile stress; anda sub-surface laser engraving arranged in the internal region, wherein the sub-surface laser engraving is arranged in the least least one region of tensile stress.2. The glass article according to claim 1 , wherein the glass article is a thermally tempered article.3. The glass article according to claim 1 , wherein the surface has a compressive stress of at least 50 Mpa.4. The glass article according to claim 1 , wherein the surface has a compressive stress of at least 90 MPa.5. The glass article according to claim 1 , wherein the glass article is a pane with a pane thickness of 2 mm to 12 mm.6. The glass article according to claim 5 , wherein the pane thickness is 4 mm to 6 mm.7. The glass article according to claim 5 , wherein the sub-surface laser engraving is at a minimum distance from the surface of the pane thickness divided by 4.8. The glass article according to claim 5 , wherein the sub-surface laser engraving is at a minimum distance from the surface of the pane thickness divided by 3.9. The glass article according to claim 1 , wherein the sub-surface laser engraving comprises a plurality of defects each having an average size of 10 μm to 1000 μm.10. The glass article according to claim 9 , wherein the average size is 20 μm to 100 μm.11. The glass article according to claim 9 , wherein the plurality of defects together form a feature selected from the group ...

METHODS FOR THERMALLY TREATING GLASS ARTICLES

According to one embodiment, a method for thermally treating glass articles may include holding a glass article at a treatment temperature equal to an annealing temperature of the glass article =15° C. for a holding time greater than or equal to 5 minutes. Thereafter, the glass article may be cooled from the treatment temperature through a strain point of the glass article at a first cooling rate CR1 less than 0° C./min and greater than −20° C./min such that a density of the glass article is greater than or equal to 0.003 g/cc after cooling. The glass article is subsequently cooled from below the strain point at a second cooling rate CR, wherein |CR|>|CR|. 1. A method for thermally treating glass articles , the method comprising:holding a glass article at a treatment temperature equal to an annealing temperature of the glass article ±15° C. for a holding time greater than or equal to 5 minutes;{'sub': '1', 'cooling the glass article from the treatment temperature through a strain point of the glass article at a first cooling rate CRless than 0° C./min and greater than −20° C./min such that a density of the glass article is greater than or equal to 0.003 g/cc after cooling; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '1, 'cooling the glass article from below the strain point at a second cooling rate CR, wherein |CR|>|CR|.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cooling rate CRis from about −1° C./min to about −10° C./min.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the holding time is less than or equal to 15 minutes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment temperature is within a range from the annealing temperature to 10° C. greater than the annealing temperature.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass article is cooled at the second cooling rate CRto room temperature.61. The method of further comprising an initial step of heating the glass article to the treatment temperature at a first heating rate HR claim 1 , wherein |HR|>|CR|.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass ...

GLASSES AND GLASS CERAMICS INCLUDING A METAL OXIDE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Embodiments of a glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than 0.7·t, comprise a tangent that is less than about −0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness. Methods for forming such glass-based articles are also disclosed. 1. The use of a glass composition in a strengthened glass , the glass composition comprising in mol %:{'sub': '2', 'SiOin an amount from about 60 to about 72;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'AlOin an amount from about 6 to about 10;'}a total amount of MgO+CaO+ZnO is from about 0.1 to about 8;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a total amount of LiO+NaO+KO is from about 5 to about 15;'}{'sub': '2', 'LiO in an amount from about 6 to about 10;'}{'sub': '2', 'NaO in an amount from about 0 to about 10;'}{'sub': '2', 'KO in an amount of less than about 2; and'}{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': [{'sub': '2', 'the glass composition is substantially free of TiO;'}, {'sub': 2', '3, 'the glass composition is substantially free of FeO; and'}, {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a ratio of LiO to (LiO+NaO+KO) is from about 0.5 to about 1.'}], 'ZrOin an amount of about 0.1 to about 1, wherein2. The use of the glass composition of claim 1 , wherein the glass composition is substantially ...

METHODS FOR TREATING GLASS ARTICLES

Methods for increasing the hydrolytic resistance of a glass article are disclosed. According to one embodiment, the method includes providing a glass article with a pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value. Thereafter, the glass article is thermally treated at a treatment temperature greater than a temperature 200C less than a strain temperature of the glass article for a treatment time greater than or equal to about hours such that, after thermally treating the glass article, the glass article has a post-treatment hydrolytic titration value that is less than the pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value. 1. A method for increasing the hydrolytic resistance of a glass article , the method comprising:providing a glass article with a pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value; andthermally treating the glass article at a treatment temperature greater than a temperature 200° C. less than a strain temperature of the glass article for a treatment time greater than or equal to about 0.25 hours such that, after thermally treating the glass article, the glass article has a post-treatment hydrolytic titration value that is less than the pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:prior to thermally treating, a surface of the glass article has a glass surface layer with a persistent layer heterogeneity relative to a midpoint within a thickness of the glass article, wherein an extrema in a layer concentration of each constituent component in the glass surface layer is less than about 80% or greater than about 120% of a concentration of a same constituent component at the midpoint prior to thermally treating; andafter thermally treating, an extrema in the layer concentration of each constituent component in the glass surface layer is greater than or equal to 80% or less than or equal to about 120% of the concentration of the same constituent component at the midpoint after thermally treating.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein after thermally ...

LOW SOLAR TRANSMITTANCE COATINGS

The invention provides low solar transmittance coatings that have particularly low solar transmittance. The coating includes three infrared-reflection film regions, which may each comprise silver. In some cases, the coating is incorporated into a laminated glass assembly. 2. The laminated glass assembly of wherein the laminated glass assembly is a bent automobile windshield claim 1 , the two panes are both heat-bent glass claim 1 , and the low solar transmittance coating is a heat-bent coating.3. The laminated glass assembly of wherein the combined thickness of the three infrared-reflection film regions is greater than 325 Å and the solar transmittance is less than 0.32 claim 1 , yet the visible transmittance is greater than 0.705.4. The laminated glass assembly of wherein the combined thickness of the three infrared-reflection film regions is greater than 350 Å and yet the visible transmittance is greater than 0.7075.5. The laminated glass assembly of wherein the combined thickness of the three infrared-reflection film regions is greater than 375 Å and the solar transmittance is less than 0.32 claim 1 , yet the visible transmittance is greater than 0.7075.6. The laminated glass assembly of wherein the thickness of the third infrared-reflection film region is less than the thickness of the second infrared-reflection film region claim 1 , and the thickness of the first infrared-reflection film region is less than the thickness of the third infrared-reflection film region claim 1 , the thickness of the first infrared-reflection film region being from 85 to 140 Å claim 1 , while the thickness of the second infrared-reflection film region is from 120 to 180 Å claim 1 , and the thickness of the third infrared-reflection film region is from 110 to 170 Å.7. The laminated glass assembly of wherein the low solar transmittance coating has a first dielectric-region ratio defined as the optical thickness of the first transparent dielectric film region divided by the optical ...

PINHOLE MITIGATION FOR OPTICAL DEVICES

Methods, apparatus, and systems for mitigating pinhole defects in optical devices such as electrochromic windows. One method mitigates a pinhole defect in an electrochromic device by identifying the site of the pinhole defect and obscuring the pinhole to make it less visually discernible. In some cases, the pinhole defect may be the result of mitigating a short-related defect 138-. (canceled)39. A method of mitigating an optical defect in an electrochromic device on a substrate incorporated into an insulated glass unit (IGU) , the method comprising:a. identifying coordinates of the optical defect in the electrochromic device; andb. applying laser energy to an area of the substrate proximal the optical defect using the identified coordinates, wherein applying the laser energy changes properties of either or both the substrate and the electrochromic device in the area to lower transmittance and/or increase scattering.40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the application of laser energy changes physical properties and/or optical properties.41. The method of claim 39 , wherein the laser energy applied in b) has more diffuse focus and/or less power than a laser energy used for ablation of the electrochromic device.42. The method of claim 39 , wherein material of the electrochromic device remains in the area after the application of laser energy in b).43. The method of claim 42 , wherein the application of laser energy in b) converts the material of the electrochromic device remaining in the area to a non-active device area.44. The method of claim 39 , wherein the application of laser energy in b) melts the material in the area to form small beads or an uneven surface.45. The method of claim 39 , wherein the application of laser energy in b) changes the morphology of the material in the area.46. The method of claim 39 , wherein applying laser energy in b) comprises melting claim 39 , ablating or otherwise changing the morphology of the substrate.47. The method of claim 39 ...

COATED GLASS ARTICLES AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

According to one embodiment, a method for producing a coated glass article may include applying an anti-reflective coating onto a glass substrate. The glass substrate may include a first major surface, and a second major surface opposite the first major surface. The anti-reflective coating may be applied to the first major surface of the glass substrate. A substrate thickness may be measured between the first major surface and the second major surface. The glass substrate may have an aspect ratio of at least about 100:1. The coated glass article may have a reflectance of less than 2% for all wavelengths from 450 nanometers to 700 nanometers. The anti-reflective coating may include one or more layers. The cumulative layer stress of the anti-reflective coating may have an absolute value less than or equal to about 167,000 MPa nm. 1. A coated glass article comprising:a glass substrate comprising a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a substrate thickness measured between the first major surface and the second major surface, the glass substrate having an aspect ratio of at least about 100:1;{'sub': i=1', 'i', 'i, 'sup': 'n', 'an anti-reflective coating comprising one or more layers, each layer comprising a layer thickness (t) and a film stress (α), wherein a cumulative layer stress of the anti-reflective coating has an absolute value less than or equal to about 167,000 MPa nm, wherein the cumulative layer stress is defined as Σ(α×t) for an anti-reflective coating comprising n layers; and'} the coated glass article having a reflectance of less than or equal to about 2% for all wavelengths from 450 nm to 700 nm when viewed on the first major surface at an angle of incidence of less than or equal to about 10°; and', 'the coated glass article has a bow of from about −100 microns to 100 microns., 'wherein2. The coated glass article of claim 1 , wherein the cumulative layer stress of the anti-reflective coating has an absolute ...

GLASS ARTICLES WITH INFRARED REFLECTIVITY AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

Glass articles with infrared reflectivity and methods for making the same are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, glass article having infrared reflectivity includes a first surface, a second surface and a body extending between the first and second surfaces. A plurality of discrete layers of metallic silver are formed in the body creating at least one optical cavity in the body. Each discrete layer may have a thickness T such that 100 nm≦T≦250 nm and may be spaced apart from adjacent layers of metallic silver by a spacing S≦500. The glass article reflects at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation incident on the glass article having a wavelength from 800 nm to 2500 nm and transmits at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation incident on the glass article having a wavelength from 390 nm to 750 nm. 1. A glass article , comprising:a first surface;a second surface;a body extending from the first surface to the second surface; anda plurality of discrete layers of metallic silver in the body.2. The glass article of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of discrete layers of metallic silver has a thickness T such that 100 nm≦T≦250 nm.3. The glass article of claim 1 , wherein a layer of compressive stress extends into the body of the glass article.4. The glass article of claim 3 , wherein the layer of compressive stress has a depth of layer DOL of up to about 60 μm.5. The glass article of claim 4 , wherein the layer of compressive stress has magnitude of compression CS≧200 MPa.6. The glass article of claim 3 , wherein the layer of compressive stress has magnitude of compression CS≧200 MPa.7. The glass article of claim 1 , wherein a first layer of the plurality of discrete layers of metallic silver is spaced apart from the first surface by a distance D claim 1 , and wherein D≦5 μm.8. The glass article of claim 2 , wherein a layer of compressive stress extends into the body of the glass article.9. The glass article of claim 8 , wherein the layer of compressive ...

GLASS SHEET WITH IDENTIFICATION CODE

A glass sheet includes a symbol marked in the interior of the glass, the symbol forming a code. The symbol is marked in at least two dimensions including the dimension of the thickness of the glass sheet, portions of the symbol being marked at various depths in the thickness of the glass sheet. 1. A glass sheet comprising a symbol marked in an interior of the glass , the symbol forming a code;wherein the symbol is marked in at least two dimensions including a dimension of a thickness of the glass sheet, portions of the symbol being marked at various depths in the thickness of the glass sheet such that the symbol is readable both via a main face of the glass sheet and via an edge face of the glass sheet.2. The glass sheet as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each portion of the symbol is at a unique depth that is different from the depth of other rows and other columns claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , of the symbol.3. The glass sheet as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the various portions correspond to a sectioning of the symbol into various sections that are rectilinear and parallel.4. The glass sheet as claimed in claim 3 , wherein at least certain sections correspond to rows or columns of the symbol.5. The glass sheet as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the symbol is two-dimensional and of the Data Matrix claim 1 , QR Code or analogous type.6. The glass sheet as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the symbol is parallel or perpendicular to the closest edge face of the glass sheet.7. The glass sheet as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the symbol is marked in a plane inclined relative to the edge face of the glass sheet and to the main face of the glass sheet such that the symbol is identically readable both via the main face of the glass sheet and via the edge face of the glass sheet.8. The glass sheet as claimed in claim 7 , wherein said inclined plane is at 45° to said edge face of the glass sheet and to said main face of the glass sheet.9. A method for marking a symbol forming a code ...

GLASS SHEET

A glass sheet includes a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface in a thickness direction. X represented by the following formula (1) is −0.29 Подробнее

CLEANING COMPOSITION

An aqueous cleaning composition comprising a surfactant, a polyamine, and propylene glycol. The combination of the polyamine and propylene glycol will provide low residue and increased shine during wet and dry wiping and will provide anti-fog properties to a substrate after cleaning. The use of either the polyamine alone or the propylene glycol alone will not provide results meeting all three tests. 1. An aqueous cleaning composition comprisinga) 0.05 to 1% by weight of the composition of a surfactant,b) a polyamine, andc) propylene glycol.2. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant.3. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises sodium laureth sulfate.4. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of the composition.5. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyamine is present in an amount of 0.005 to 0.05% by weight of the composition claim 1 , optionally.6. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the propylene glycol is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight of the composition.7. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , further comprising a solvent chosen from propylene glycol n-butyl ether and ethanol.8. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:a) sodium laureth sulfate,b) the polyamine,c) the propylene glycol,d) propylene glycol n-butyl ether, ande) ethanol.9. The cleaning composition of claim 7 , wherein propylene glycol n-butyl ether is present in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight of the composition.10. The cleaning composition of claim 7 , wherein ethanol is present in the composition in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight of the composition.11. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises ammonia or ammonium hydroxide.12. The cleaning composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises an acid.13. The cleaning composition ...

Method for producing at least one recess in a material by means of electromagnetic radiation and subsequent etching process

A method for creating at least one recess, in particular an aperture, in a transparent or transmissive material, includes: selectively modifying the material along a beam axis by electromagnetic radiation; and creating the at least one recess by one or more etching steps, using different etching rates in a modified region and in non-modified regions. The electromagnetic radiation produces modifications having different characteristics in the material along the beam axis such that the etching process in the material is heterogeneous and the etching rates differ from one another in regions modified with different characteristics under unchanged etching conditions.

METHODS OF PROCESSING A GLASS WEB

An apparatus for processing a glass web can include a gas nozzle to generate a curtain of gas to entrain debris generated during a separation procedure. In further embodiments, apparatus for processing a glass web includes a washing device including a housing with a partition dividing an interior of the housing into a first area and a second area. In still further embodiments, apparatus for processing a glass web includes a coating chamber positioned down-stream from a washing device, wherein the coating chamber includes at least one port configured to dispense a coating on at least one major surface of the glass web. Methods can include entraining debris generated during a separation procedure into a gas curtain. Further methods include washing a glass sheet within a housing including two interior areas and coating a washed glass sheet with a protective coating. 1. An apparatus for processing a glass web comprising:a washing device including a housing with a partition dividing an interior of the housing into a first area and a second area positioned downstream from the first area, wherein the first area is provided with a plurality of liquid dispensing devices that each include at least one liquid nozzle to dispense liquid against at least one major surface of the glass web, and the second area is provided with a gas knife including at least one nozzle configured to dispense gas against the at least one major surface of the glass web to remove liquid from the glass web.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the gas knife is oriented at an angle with respect to a travel direction of the glass web through the washing device.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second area is provided with a liquid dispensing device including at least one nozzle to rinse the glass web at a location upstream from the gas knife.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , further including a baffle positioned downstream from the liquid dispensing device and upstream from the gas knife to direct au ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BONDING WORKPIECES EACH PRODUCED FROM GLASS SUBSTRATE OR QUARTZ SUBSTRATE

Vacuum ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 200 nm or less is applied on the joining surfaces of first and second workpieces made from a crystal substrate and a glass substrate, or a glass substrate and a glass substrate from a light irradiation unit. The workpieces are conveyed to a workpiece cleaning and laminating mechanism by a conveyance mechanism, the joining surfaces are subjected to mega-sonic cleaning as needed, and the workpieces are aligned with the joining surfaces thereof facing each other, and laminated such that the joining surfaces are in contact with each other. After being laminated, the laminated workpieces are conveyed to a workpiece heating mechanism and heated to increase the workpiece temperature to a predetermined temperature, and this temperature is maintained until joining is completed. The laminated workpieces are brought into a thermally expanded state upon heating, and are joined in this state. 1. A workpiece bonding method for bonding an optically polished surface of a first workpiece and an optically polished surface of a second workpiece to each other , the first and second workpieces being a glass substrate and another glass substrate , a glass substrate and a quartz substrate , or a quartz substrate and another quartz substrate , at least one of two surfaces of the first workpiece being optically polished , and at least one of two surfaces of the second workpieces being optically polished , said workpiece bonding method comprising:irradiating the optically polished surface of the first workpiece and the optically polished surface of the second workpiece with ultraviolet light having a wavelength equal to or less than 250 nm;laminating the first and second workpieces, after said irradiating, such that the optically polished surface of the first workpiece and the optically polished surface of the second workpiece contact each other; andheating the first and second workpieces, after said laminating, at a temperature equal to or ...

GLASS MEMBER FOR DISPLAY DEVICE, METHOD OF FABRICATING THE GLASS MEMBER, AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE GLASS MEMBER

A glass member for a display device, a method of fabricating a glass member, and a display device including a glass member are provided. A method of fabricating a glass member for a display device includes: preparing a glass substrate including a first surface, a second surface facing the first surface, and a side surface connecting the first surface to the second surface; forming a protection layer on the side surface to cover a portion of the side surface; and etching a portion of the glass substrate exposed by the protection layer. 1. A method of fabricating a glass member for a display device , the method comprising:preparing a glass substrate including a first surface, a second surface facing the first surface, and a side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface;forming a protection layer on the side surface to cover a portion of the side surface; andetching a portion of the glass substrate exposed by the protection layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the protection layer comprises:coating the side surface with a curable material;curing a portion of the curable material by irradiating ultraviolet light; andremoving a remaining portion of the curable material, except for the cured portion of the curable material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the curing of the portion of the curable material comprises:placing a mask having an opening on the side surface coated with the curable material; andirradiating the ultraviolet light to cure a portion of the curable material exposed by the opening.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the opening has a width from 10 μm to 200 μm.5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising irradiating ultraviolet light to the cured portion of the curable material to re-cure the cured portion of the curable material.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the curable material comprises 30-40 wt % of an acrylic monomer claim 2 , 30-40 wt % of an acrylic oligomer claim 2 , and 20-30 wt % of a photoinitiator ...

METHOD OF PREPARING SOLID ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY

Disclosed is a method of preparing a solid electrolyte composition for a lithium secondary battery which includes: (a) mixing materials including LiO, SiO, TiO, PO, BaO, CsO and VO; (b) melting the mixed materials; (c) rapidly cooling the molten materials at room temperature and compressing the molten materials using a preheated plate to form electrolyte glass having a predetermined thickness; (d) heating the electrolyte glass to eliminate stress at a predetermined temperature range; (e) heating the electrolyte glass to a higher temperature range higher than in the step of heating the electrolyte glass to eliminate stress to be crystallized; and (f) precisely adjusting a thickness of the electrolyte glass by lapping the electrolyte glass. 1. A method of preparing a solid electrolyte composition for a lithium secondary battery , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '5', '2', '2', '5, '(a) mixing materials including LiO, SiO, TiO, PO, BaO, CsO and VO;'}(b) melting the mixed materials;(c) rapidly cooling the molten materials at room temperature and compressing the molten materials using a preheated plate to form electrolyte glass;(d) heating the electrolyte glass to eliminate stress at 500 to 600° C.;(e) heating the electrolyte glass to a temperature range higher than in the step of heating the electrolyte glass to eliminate stress to be crystallized; and(f) precisely adjusting a thickness of the electrolyte glass by lapping the electrolyte glass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein 5 to 8 wt % of LiO claim 1 , 2 to 5 wt % of SiO claim 1 , 30 to 35 wt % of TiO claim 1 , 56 to 60 wt % of PO claim 1 , 0.1 to 2 wt % of BaO claim 1 , 0.1 to 2 wt % of CsO and 0.5 to 2 wt % of VOare mixed in the step (a).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed materials are introduced into a platinum crucible and are heated at a rate of 10° C./min to become molten in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 1300 to 1450° C. in the step (b).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten ...

GLASS-BASED SUBSTRATE WITH VIAS AND PROCESS OF FORMING THE SAME

A glass sensor substrate including metallizable through vias and related process is provided. The glass substrate has a first major surface, a second major surface and an average thickness of greater than 0.3 mm. A plurality of etch paths are created through the glass substrate by directing a laser at the substrate in a predetermined pattern. A plurality of through vias through the glass substrate are etched along the etch paths using a hydroxide based etching material. The hydroxide based etching material highly preferentially etches the substrate along the etch path. Each of the plurality of through vias is long compared to their diameter for example such that a ratio of the thickness of the glass substrate to a maximum diameter of each of the through vias is greater than 8 to 1. 1. A process for forming vias in a glass-based substrate having a first major surface and an opposing second major surface , the process comprising:creating a plurality of etch paths extending from the first major surface of the glass substrate by directing a laser at the substrate in a predetermined pattern; andetching a plurality of vias extending from the first major surface of the glass substrate along the etch paths using a hydroxide based etching material, wherein the hydroxide based etching material preferentially etches the substrate along the etch path such that an etch rate of the etching material along the etch path is at least 12 times greater than an etch rate of the etching material outside of the etch paths.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of vias have a ratio of the length of the via to a maximum diameter of the via is greater than 8 to 1.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of vias is a through via.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of vias is a blind via.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the laser is a picosecond laser.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the maximum diameter of each of ...

GLASS MEMBER

A glass member includes a recessed portion, wherein in cross-sectional view, an angle formed between a principal surface of the glass member and an edge face of an opening of the recessed portion is 90 degrees to 130 degrees. 1. A glass member comprising:a recessed portion,wherein in cross-sectional view, an angle formed between a principal surface of the glass member and an edge face of an opening of the recessed portion is 90 degrees to 130 degrees.2. The glass member as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in cross-sectional view claim 1 , a side face of the recessed portion closer to a bottom face side than the edge face of the opening has an angle of 90 degrees to 130 degrees with respect to the principal surface of the glass member.3. The glass member as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the recessed portion is a ring-like groove or a circular dip.4. The glass member as claimed in claim 3 , wherein a roundness of an outward form of the recessed portion in plan view is less than or equal to 5% with respect to dimensions of the outward form.5. The glass member as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the recessed portion includes a linear shape in plan view.6. The glass member as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the recessed portion has a curved bottom face.7. The glass member as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a surface roughness Rq of a bottom face of the recessed portion is smaller than a surface roughness Rq of a side face of the recessed portion.8. The glass member as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a depth of the recessed portion to a thickness of the glass member is 0.05 to 0.5.9. The glass member as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in plan view claim 1 , an outward form of the glass member is free of any straight portions in a positional relationship of being parallel or orthogonal to each other.101. The glass member as claimed in claim 9 , wherein in plan view claim 9 , the outward form of the glass member is free of any straight portions.11. The glass member as claimed in ...

GLASS EDGE TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHODS

A glass treatment apparatus comprises an upstream applicator comprising a first surface. The first surface is movable between a first upstream position where the first surface is within a travel path of the glass treatment apparatus while extending across a travel direction of the travel path and facing a downstream direction opposite the travel direction, and a second upstream position where the first surface is outside the travel path. Additionally, methods of treating a glass ribbon with the glass treatment apparatus are disclosed. 1. A glass treatment apparatus comprising:an upstream applicator comprising a first surface movable between a first upstream position where the first surface is within a travel path of the glass treatment apparatus while extending across a travel direction of the travel path and facing a downstream direction opposite the travel direction, and a second upstream position where the first surface is outside the travel path.2. The glass treatment apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first surface of the upstream applicator is rotatable between the first upstream position and the second upstream position.3. The glass treatment apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a downstream applicator comprising a second surface movable between a first downstream position where the second surface is within the travel path while extending across the travel direction of the travel path and facing an upstream direction in the travel direction claim 1 , and a second downstream position that is outside the travel path.4. The glass treatment apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the second surface of the downstream applicator is rotatable between the first downstream position and the second downstream position.5. The glass treatment apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first surface of the upstream applicator is parallel with the second surface of the downstream applicator.6. A glass treatment apparatus comprising:a downstream applicator comprising a second surface ...

DISPLAY SCREEN PROTECTOR

Disclosed are device display screen protectors comprising a first strengthened substrate sized to cover a display screen of an electronic device, the first strengthened substrate having a central tension value in the range greater than 0 MPa and less than 20 MPa, a surface having a Knoop lateral cracking scratch threshold of at least 3 N. 1. A device display screen protector comprising a first strengthened substrate sized to cover a display screen of an electronic device , the first strengthened substrate having a thickness in a range of from 0.025 mm to 0.7 mm , a compressive stress depth of layer (DOL) of less than about 15 μm , a central tension (CT) value in the range greater than 0 MPa and less than 20 MPa and a surface that is exposed to a user of the electronic device when the protector is on the electronic device , the surface having a Knoop lateral cracking scratch threshold of at least 5 N.2. The device display screen protector of claim 1 , wherein the first strengthened substrate is a first strengthened glass substrate selected from the group consisting of a chemically strengthened glass substrate claim 1 , a thermally strengthened glass substrate and a chemically and thermally strengthened glass substrate.3. The device display screen protector of claim 2 , further comprising a second glass substrate adhered to the first strengthened glass substrate claim 2 , the second glass substrate not being exposed to the user the user of the device when the protector is on the electronic device.4. The device display screen protector of claim 3 , wherein the surface having a Knoop lateral cracking scratch threshold of at least 5 N is an outer surface claim 3 , and the first strengthened glass substrate has an inner surface in contact with the second glass substrate claim 3 , the outer surface and inner surface of the first strengthened glass substrate defining a thickness (t) in a range of 0.025 mm to 0.4 mm.5. The device display screen protector of claim 2 , wherein ...

Mask blank substrate, substrate with multilayer reflection film, transmissive mask blank, reflective mask, and semiconductor device fabrication method

Disclosed is a mask blank substrate for use in lithography, wherein the main surface on which the transfer pattern of the substrate is formed has a root mean square roughness (Rms) of not more than 0.15 nm obtained by measuring an area of 1 μm×1 μm with an atomic force microscope, and has a power spectrum density of not more than 10 nm 4 at a spatial frequency of not less than 1 μm −1 .

MANUFACTURING OF ORIFICES IN GLASS LIKE MATERIALS, E.G. NANOCAPILLARIES, AND OBJECTS OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS

The ability to reshape nanopores and observe their shrinkage under an electron microscope is a powerful and novel technique. It increases the sensitivity of the resistive pulse sensing and enables to detect very short and small molecules. However, this has not yet been shown for glass having a tubular shape, for instance nanocapillaries. In contrast to their solid-state nanopore counterparts, nanocapillaries are cheap, easily fabricated and in the production do not necessitate clean room facilities. Nanocapillaries made out of glass-like materials such as quartz or borosilicate glass can be shrunken under a scanning electron microscope beam. Since the shrinking is caused by the thermal heating of the electrons, increasing the beam current increases the shrink rate. Higher acceleration voltage on the contrary increases the electron penetration depth and reduces the electron density causing slower shrink rates. This allows to fine control the shrink rate and to stop the shrinking process at any desired diameter. A shrunken nanocapillary may detect DNA translocation with six times higher signal amplitudes than an unmodified nanocapillary. The invention opens a new path to detect small and short molecules such as proteins or RNA with nanocapillaries and also increase the sensitivity of other techniques such as SNOM or SCIM, which also rely on conical glass capillaries.

GLASS SHEET AND SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAKING GLASS SHEET

A method includes impregnating a region of a glass sheet with a filler material in a liquid state. The glass sheet includes a plurality of glass soot particles. The filler material is solidified subsequent to the impregnating step to form a glass/filler composite region of the glass sheet.

LASER CONTROLLED ION EXCHANGE PROCESS AND GLASS ARTICLES FORMED THEREFROM

A method for forming ion-exchanged regions in a glass article by contacting an ion source with at least one surface of the glass article, forming a first ion-exchanged region in the glass article by heating a first portion of the glass article with a laser, and forming a second ion-exchanged region in the glass article. Characteristics of the first ion-exchanged region may be different from characteristics of the second ion-exchanged region. A depth of the ion-exchanged region may be greater than 1 μm. A glass article including a first ion-exchanged region, and a second ion-exchanged region having different characteristics from the first ion-exchanged region. The thickness of the glass article is less than or equal to about 0.5 mm. 1. A method for forming ion-exchanged regions in a glass article , the method comprising:contacting an ion exchange source with at least one surface of the glass article;forming a first ion-exchanged region in the glass article by heating a first portion of the glass article with a local heat source, wherein the first ion-exchanged region comprises a first compressive stress; andforming a second ion-exchanged region in the glass article at a second portion of the glass article, wherein the second ion-exchanged region comprises a second compressive stress that is different from the first compressive stress,wherein at least a portion of the first ion-exchanged region is located at an edge face of the glass article, the second ion-exchanged region is located at a major surface of the glass article, and a concentration of ions in the first ion-exchanged region is greater than a concentration of ions in the second ion exchange region.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a depth of the first ion-exchanged region is different than a depth of the second ion-exchanged region.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a depth of each of the first and second ion-exchanged regions is from about 5 μm to about 60 μm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass ...

Glasses and glass ceramics including a metal oxide concentration gradient

Embodiments of a glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than 0.7·t, comprise a tangent that is less than about −0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness. Methods for forming such glass-based articles are also disclosed.

LASER-COLORED SAPPHIRE MATERIAL

A colored sapphire material and methods for coloring sapphire material using lasers are disclosed. The method for coloring the sapphire material may include positioning the sapphire material over an opaque substrate material, exposing the opaque substrate material to a laser beam passing through the sapphire material to impact the substrate material, and inducing a chemical change in a portion of the sapphire material exposed to the laser beam. The method may also include creating a visible color in the portion of the sapphire material as a result of the chemical change. The colored sapphire material may include a first transparent portion, and a second, colored portion substantially surrounded by the first portion. The second, colored portion may have a chemical composition different than that of the first portion. 1. A sapphire component , comprising:a first portion; anda second portion integrally formed with the first portion and having a chemical composition that is distinct from the first portion, wherein:the second portion is optically contrasted with respect to the first portion.2. The sapphire component of claim 1 , wherein:the first portion is substantially transparent; andthe second portion is substantially opaque and defines a visible color distinct from a color of the first portion.3. The sapphire component of claim 1 , wherein the second portion has an oxygen content that is distinct from an oxygen content of the first portion.4. The sapphire component of claim 1 , wherein:the first portion defines a primary surface of the sapphire component; andthe first and second portions define a second surface of the sapphire component.5. The sapphire component of claim 4 , wherein the second portion extends from the secondary surface and towards the primary surface.6. The sapphire component of claim 5 , wherein a chemical composition of the second portion varies between the primary and secondary surfaces.7. An electronic device claim 5 , comprising:an exterior ...

Fusion-formable glass-based articles including a metal oxide concentration gradient

A glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than about 0.7·t to t, comprise a tangent with a slope having an absolute value greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometer. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t) and a maximum central tension of less than about 71.5/√(t) (MPa). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness. Methods for forming such glass-based articles are also disclosed.

Method for Producing a Bird Protection Device and Bird Protection Device

The invention relates to a method for producing a bird protection device arid to a bird protection device. According to the invention, a method for producing a bird protection device is proposed, wherein the bird protection device is made of an at least partially transparent material and contains an optical structure visible to a bird's eye. Here, the method comprises a radiation input, wherein the radiation input is implemented on and/or in the partially transparent material for forming the optical structure. The radiation input is preferably laser radiation. Suitable lasers for the radiation input are, for example, CO2 lasers with a wavelength of 1064 nm, picosecond lasers with a wavelength of 532 nm or nanosecond lasers with a wavelength of 532 nm. In one embodiment of the invention, the bird protection device furthermore comprises an element for increasing the contrast, wherein, for forming the optical structure, the radiation input is implemented on and/or in the element for increasing the contrast. 1. A method for producing a bird protection device , comprising the steps of:forming the bird protection device of an at least partially transparent material, andproviding an optical structure visible for a bird's eye, with a source of radiation, wherein the radiation is applied for forming the optical structure on and/or in the partially transparent material.2. The method for producing a bird protection device according to claim 1 , further comprising an element for contrast enhancement claim 1 , wherein for forming the optical structure the radiation is applied on and/or in the element for contrast enhancement.3. The method for producing a bird protection device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical structure is formed by employing laser radiation on and/or in the partially transparent material.4. The method for producing a bird protection device according to claim 1 , wherein the application of radiation into the optical structure causes a local change of ...

Coating for glass with improved scratch/wear resistance and oleophobic properties

A protective coating on a front surface of a glass, by forming a diamond-like coating over the front surface of the glass; performing passive sputtering to form a protective layer directly on the diamond-like coating; performing reactive sputtering to form an adhesion layer directly on the protective layer; forming an anti-finger print layer directly over the adhesion layer.

Float glass for chemical strengthening

The present invention relates to a float glass for chemical strengthening, containing a bottom surface coming into contact with a molten metal at the time of forming and a top surface opposing the bottom surface, in which a difference Δ(N—Na 2 O 2 ) determined by subtracting a square of a normalized Na 2 O surface concentration of the bottom surface which is a value obtained by dividing an Na 2 O concentration in the bottom surface by an Na 2 O concentration at a depth position of 100 μM therefrom, from a square of a normalized Na 2 O surface concentration of the top surface which is a value obtained by dividing an Na 2 O concentration in the top surface by an Na 2 O concentration at a depth position of 100 μm therefrom, is 0.040 or less.

GLASS BUMPS ON GLASS ARTICLES AND METHODS OF LASER-INDUCED GROWTH

A glass article having a glass bump formed integrally thereon by laser-irradiation methods. The glass bump includes a lower region connected to an upper region by an inflection region. The lower region projects from a surface of the glass article and is defined by concavely rounded sides with a radius of curvature R. The upper region includes a transition portion and a top portion. The transition portion is defined by convexly rounded sides with a radius of curvature R. The transition portion connects to the lower portion via the inflection region. The upper portion connects to the transition portion and is defined by a convexly rounded top surface with a radius of curvature R, which is greater than radius of curvature R 1. A glass article comprising:a glass surface having a glass bump thereon, wherein the glass bump comprises:{'b': 1', '1', '1, 'a lower region comprising a diameter D defined by concavely rounded sides, wherein the lower region projects from the surface of the glass article, wherein diameter D is the glass bump maximum diameter, wherein the concavely rounded sides have a radius of curvature R and join with the glass article surface;'}an inflection region connecting the lower region of the glass bump and an upper region of the glass bump; [{'b': 2', '2', '2', '1, 'the transition portion comprising a diameter D defined by convexly rounded sides, wherein the convexly rounded sides have a radius of curvature R, wherein diameter D is less than diameter D; and'}, {'b': 3', '3', '2', '3', '2, 'the top portion comprising a diameter D defined by a convexly rounded top surface, the convexly rounded top surface joining with the convexly rounded sides converging from the transition portion, wherein the convexly rounded top surface has a radius of curvature R from about 900 microns to about 2600 microns which is greater than the radius of curvature R, wherein diameter D is less than diameter D, wherein the convexly rounded top surface is spaced apart from the ...

METHODS FOR CONTROLLED LASER-INDUCED GROWTH OF GLASS BUMPS ON GLASS ARTICLES

A method for controlling formation of glass bumps in a glass article with laser-irradiation without the use of a growth-limiting structure. Standard deviation of height between the glass bumps on the article is less than 1 micron by controlling the laser radiation dose provided on the glass article. 120-. (canceled)21. A glass article including a plurality of glass bumps formed on a surface of the glass article , each glass bump having a height spaced apart from the glass article surface , at least one of the plurality of glass bumps comprising:{'b': 1', '1', '1, 'a lower region comprising a diameter D defined by concavely rounded sides, wherein the lower region projects from the surface of the glass pane, wherein diameter D is the glass bump maximum diameter, wherein the concavely rounded sides have a radius of curvature R and join with the glass article surface;'}an inflection region connecting the lower region of the glass bump and an upper region of the glass bump; [{'b': 2', '2', '2', '1, 'the transition portion comprising a diameter D defined by convexly rounded sides, wherein the convexly rounded sides have a radius of curvature R, wherein diameter D is less than diameter D; and'}, {'b': 3', '3', '2', '3', '2, 'the top portion comprising a diameter D defined by a convexly rounded top surface, the convexly rounded top surface joining with the convexly rounded sides converging from the transition portion, wherein the convexly rounded top surface has a radius of curvature R from about 600 microns to about 750 microns which is greater than the radius of curvature R, wherein diameter D is less than diameter D, wherein the convexly rounded top surface is spaced apart from the glass article surface defining a height H of the glass bump.'}], 'the upper region of the glass bump comprising a transition portion and a top portion;'}22. The glass article of wherein a standard deviation of height between the plurality of glass bumps is less than 1 micron.23. The glass ...

METHODS FOR CONTROLLED LASER-INDUCED GROWTH OF GLASS BUMPS ON GLASS ARTICLES

A method for controlling formation of glass bumps in a glass article with laser-irradiation without the use of a growth-limiting structure. Standard deviation of height between the glass bumps on the article is less than 1 micron by controlling the laser radiation dose provided on the glass article. 1. A method of forming a glass article comprising a plurality of glass bumps , the glass article having a surface , the glass bumps formed in the glass article by laser radiation , each glass bump having a terminal point at a distance from the glass article surface , the method comprising:irradiating the glass article with laser radiation at a plurality of localities to induce growth of the glass bumps at the plurality of localities on the glass article;detecting a flash of light from the laser irradiated localities on the glass article with a photodetector that generates an electronic signal;setting a fixed exposure time for the laser radiation at the plurality of localities for after the flash of light is detected; andcontrolling a laser irradiation dose at the plurality of localities and the distance between each glass bump terminal point and the glass article surface, using the electronic signal, by terminating laser radiation of the localities the fixed exposure time after a controller receives the electronic signal.2. The method of wherein the plurality of glass bumps includes at least 5 glass bumps.3. The method of wherein each of the plurality glass bumps include a hemispherical lateral cross-section claim 1 , wherein each lateral cross-section substantially corresponds to a general circle curve equation with a coefficient of determination from 0.9 to 0.99.4. The method of wherein the standard deviation of the distance between the glass article surface and the terminal points of the plurality of glass bumps is less than 1 micron.5. The method of wherein the standard deviation of the distance between the glass article surface and the terminal points of the ...

Reflection-Resistant Glass Articles and Methods for Making and Using Same

Described herein are coated glass or glass-ceramic articles having improved reflection resistance. Further described are methods of making and using the improved articles. The coated articles generally include a glass or glass-ceramic substrate and a nanoporous Si-containing coating disposed thereon. The nanoporous Si-containing coating is not a free-standing adhesive film, but a coating that is formed on or over the glass or glass-ceramic substrate. 1. A coated article , comprising:a glass or glass-ceramic substrate; anda nanoporous Si-containing coating having an average thickness of less than or equal to about 1 micrometer disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the glass or glass-ceramic substrate;wherein the nanoporous Si-containing coating has a porosity comprising at least 5 volume percent of a total volume occupied by the nanoporous Si-containing coating;wherein an average longest cross-sectional dimension of pores in the nanoporous Si-containing coating is less than or equal to about 100 nanometers;wherein the coated article has a specular reflectance that is less than or equal to about 85 percent of a specular reflectance of the glass or glass-ceramic substrate alone across a visible light spectrum;wherein the nanoporous Si-containing coating has a specular reflectance of less than 5 percent across the visible light spectrum.2. The coated article of claim 1 , further comprising an intermediate layer interposed between the glass or glass-ceramic substrate and the nanoporous Si-containing coating.3. The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer comprises a glare-resistant coating claim 1 , a color-providing composition claim 1 , an opacity-providing composition claim 1 , or an adhesion or compatibility promoting composition.4. The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the glass or glass-ceramic substrate comprises a silicate glass claim 1 , borosilicate glass claim 1 , aluminosilicate glass claim 1 , or boroaluminosilicate glass claim 1 ...

GLASS FOR LASER PROCESSING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING PERFORATED GLASS USING SAME

The present invention provides a glass composition that allows holes with a circular contour and a smooth inner wall to be formed by a collective micro-hole-forming process using a combination of modified portion formation by ultraviolet laser irradiation and etching, the glass composition being adapted for practical continuous production. The present invention relates to a glass for laser processing, the glass having a glass composition including, in mol %: 45.0%≦SiO≦70.0%; 2.0%≦BO≦20.0%; 3.0%≦AlO≦20.0%; 0.1%≦CuO≦2.0%; 0%≦TiO≦15.0%; and 0%≦ZnO≦9.0%, wherein a relationship of 0≦LiO+NaO+KO<2.0% is satisfied. 1. A glass for laser processing , the glass having a glass composition comprising , in mol %:{'sub': '2', '45.0%≦SiO≦70.0%;'}{'sub': 2', '3, '2.0%≦BO≦20.0%;'}{'sub': 2', '3, '3.0%≦AlO≦20.0%;'}0.1%≦CuO≦2.0%;{'sub': '2', '0%≦TiO≦15.0%; and'}0%≦ZnO≦9.0%,{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'wherein a relationship of 0≦LiO+NaO+KO<2.0% is satisfied.'}2. The glass for laser processing according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship of 55.0%≦SiO+BO≦80.0% is satisfied.3. The glass for laser processing according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship of 6.0%≦MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO≦25.0% is satisfied.4. The glass for laser processing according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship of 5.0≦AlO/CuO≦60.0 is satisfied.5. The glass for laser processing according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , as a coloring component claim 1 , an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , W claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , and V.6. The glass for laser processing according to claim 1 , whereinthe glass composition comprises, in mol %:{'sub': '2', '45.0%≦SiO≦68.0%;'}{'sub': 2', '3, '2.0%≦BO≦20.0%;'}{'sub': 2', '3, '3.0%≦AlO≦20.0%; and'}0.1%≦CuO≦2.0%,{'sub': '2', 'the glass composition is substantially free of TiOand ZnO, and'}the following relationships are satisfied:{'sub': 2', '2', '3, '58.0%≦SiO+BO≦80.0%;'}8.0%≦MgO+CaO+SrO+ ...

METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR STRENGTHENING CARBON-CONTAINING GLASS MATERIALS

Methods for manufacturing a carbon-containing glass material are disclosed. The method includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas and silane into a reactor, and providing an additive to the reactor. The method includes generating a non-thermal equilibrium plasma based on excitement of the hydrocarbon gas and the silane by a microwave energy, where the non-thermal equilibrium plasma includes a plurality of methyl radicals. The method includes ion-bombarding the glass material with at least the methyl radicals to create an interphase region. The method includes forming a plurality of FLG nanoplatelets within the interphase region based on recombination or self-nucleation of the methyl radicals. The FLG nanoplatelets may be dispersed throughout the interphase region in a non-periodic orientation that at least partially inhibits formation of cracks in the glass material. The method includes doping surfaces of the FLG nanoplatelets with the additive, and intercalating the additive between adjacent graphene layers within the FLG nanoplatelets formed in the glass material. 1. A method of forming a carbon-containing glass material , the method comprising:flowing a hydrocarbon gas and silane into a reactor;providing an additive including any one or more of lithium, nickel, manganese, copper, tri-methyl aluminum (TMA), tri-methyl gallium (TMG) or sulfur to the reactor;generating a non-thermal equilibrium plasma based on excitement of the hydrocarbon gas and the silane by a microwave energy, wherein the non-thermal equilibrium plasma includes a plurality of methyl radicals;ion-bombarding a surface-to-air interface of the carbon-containing glass material with at least the methyl radicals, the ion-bombardment configured to create an interphase region within the carbon-containing glass material;forming a plurality of few layer graphene (FLG) nanoplatelets within the interphase region of the carbon-containing glass material at varying concentration levels based on recombination or self- ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING LEAD-CONTAINING GLASS

Systems and methods for processing lead-containing glass are generally described. In certain embodiments, at least a portion of the lead within the bulk of the lead-containing glass is removed from the lead-containing glass and transferred to a liquid leaching medium. Removal of lead from the bulk of the lead-containing glass, as opposed to the surface and areas closely adjacent to the surface of the lead-containing glass, can allow for the production of recycled glass that includes substantially no lead within its boundaries. 1. A method of extracting lead from a lead-containing glass , comprising:exposing a plurality of lead-containing glass particles to a liquid leaching medium comprising a lead-complexing agent, such that the lead-complexing agent associates with at least a portion of the lead from within the bulk of the lead-containing glass to facilitate transport of the lead to the liquid leaching medium to produce treated glass; andseparating at least a portion of the treated glass particles from at least a portion of the liquid leaching medium,wherein, throughout the exposing step, at least about 50% of the total volume of the glass particles is made up of glass particles having a minimum cross-sectional dimension of at least about 2 micrometers.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lead-complexing agent comprises a chelating agent claim 1 , such that during the exposing step claim 1 , the chelating agent contacts at least a portion of the lead within the bulk of the lead-containing glass to form a chelate claim 1 , and at least a portion of the chelate is transferred from the bulk of the glass to the liquid leaching medium to produce the treated glass particles.4. A method of extracting lead from lead-containing glass claim 1 , comprising:exposing the lead-containing glass to a liquid leaching medium comprising a lead-complexing agent, wherein the liquid leaching medium has a pH of at least about 8;transporting at least a portion of the lead ...

COMPOSITIONAL MODIFICATION OF GLASS ARTICLES THROUGH LASER HEATING AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

Glass articles and methods for modifying a composition of a surface portion of the glass article are disclosed. The method includes heating the surface portion of the glass article with a laser beam to a temperature within a range of about 1100?C to about 2200?C such that the heating evaporates one or more metalloids and/or one or more alkali metals present at the surface portion, and modifies the composition of the surface portion such that the surface portion has a lower alkali metals concentration and/or a lower metalloids concentration as compared to a portion of the glass article that is not heated by the laser beam. 1. A method of modifying a composition of a surface portion of a glass article , the method comprising heating the surface portion of the glass article with a laser beam to a temperature within a range of about 1100° C. to about 2200° C. , such that the heating evaporates one or more metalloids and/or one or more alkali metals present at the surface portion , and modifies the composition of the surface portion such that the surface portion comprises a lower alkali metals concentration and/or a lower metalloids concentration as compared to a portion of the glass article that is not heated by the laser beam.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising preheating the glass article to a temperature within a range of about 50° C. to about 900° C. before heating the surface portion of the glass article with the laser beam.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the surface portion of the glass article with the laser beam comprises scanning the laser beam along the surface portion of the glass article using a rotating polygon mirror.4. The method of any one of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam has a scan frequency within a range of about 10 kHz to about 100 Hz.5. The method of any one of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam is focused on the surface portion of the glass article using an f-theta lens.6. The method of any one of claim 1 , wherein the laser ...

METHOD OF MAKING A LENSED CONNECTOR WITH PHOTOSENSITIVE GLASS

The present disclosure relates to a method of making a lensed connector in which a glass ferrule has holes within the body of the glass ferrule, and the glass ferrule is subsequently processed to form lens structures along the ferrule. 1. A method of making a lensed connector comprising:inserting a light occluding agent into at least one hole of a ferrule made of glass, wherein the at least one hole extends partially through the ferrule from a first surface;applying UV light onto the first surface of the ferrule such that the light occluding agent prevents a portion of the ferrule from being treated by the UV light, thereby forming an untreated portion of the ferrule;removing the light occluding agent from the ferrule; andthermally developing the ferrule such that the untreated portion of the ferrule forms a dome shaped lens structure protruding from a second surface of the ferrule, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface.2. The method of claim 1 , further including:inserting an optical fiber into the at least one hole; andbonding the optical fiber to the lens structure within the at least one hole with an adhesive.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hole extends into between 25% and 80% of a thickness of the ferrule.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dome shaped lens structure has a sag height ranging between 4.5 μm and 13 μm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the UV light has a wavelength ranging between 300 nm and 340 nm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass ferrule comprises a photosensitive glass.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein during the thermally developing claim 6 , the untreated portion of the ferrule softens and the photosensitive glass of the ferrule surrounding the untreated portion shrinks in volume to squeeze the untreated portion and form the dome shaped lens structure.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hole is substantially circular in shape having a center and an outer surface with at least one protuberance ...

Glass cleaning agent, self-cleaning glass, and preparation method thereof

The present disclosure relates to a glass cleaning agent, a self-cleaning glass, and preparation methods thereof. The cleaning agent for a glass includes, by weight percentage, 40% to 65% of silicone monomer, 10% to 20% of a first silane coupling agent, 5% to 15% of a second silane coupling agent, 0.1% to 2% of organic tin catalyst, and 5% to 20% of crosslinking agent. The first silane coupling agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The second silane coupling agent is γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

METHOD FOR STRUCTURING A TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE WITH A LASER IN A BURST MODE

Method for structuring a top surface of a transparent substrate, the substrate being transparent to visible light with a laser source able to emit a laser beam in a burst mode, the burst mode being characterized by a train of pulses comprising sets of laser pulses repeated over time; wherein each of the sets of laser pulses of the train of pulses comprises a first and second pulses with a time interval between them comprised between 5 ns to 50 ns, preferably between 10 ns to 40 ns, and more preferably about 25 ns; wherein each of the first and second pulses has an energy density on the top surface comprised between 0.5 nJ/umand 50 nJ/um; and wherein the train of pulses is able to structure the top surface. 1. A method for structuring a top surface of a transparent substrate , said substrate being transparent to visible light , the method comprising the steps of:(a) providing said transparent substrate with said top surface;(b) providing a laser machining device comprising a laser source able to emit a laser beam in a burst mode, said burst mode being characterized by a train of pulses comprising sets of laser pulses repeated over time; wherein said laser source is a femtosecond laser source;', 'wherein each of said sets of laser pulses of said train of pulses comprises a first and second pulse with a time interval between them between 5 ns to 50 ns;', {'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein each of said first and second pulses has an energy density on said top surface between 0.5 nJ/umand 50 nJ/um; and'}, 'wherein said train of pulses is configured to structure said top surface., '(c) using said laser source for irradiating said transparent substrate from the top surface with a laser beam according to said burst mode;'}2. The method according to further comprising claim 1 , before step (c) claim 1 , the additional step of:determining an ablation threshold of said transparent substrate being defined by an energy density per pulse;wherein said first and second pulses have an energy ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING A GLASS SHEET

Method and apparatus for processing a glass sheet having opposing, first and second major surfaces. The glass sheet is delivered to a pre-positioning station. The pre-positioning station is operated to spray a liquid onto the first major surface to stabilize the glass sheet. The stabilized glass sheet is delivered to a washing station. The washing station is operated to wash the glass sheet. The washed glass sheet is delivered to a drying station. The drying station is operated to dry the glass sheet. With some methods of the present disclosure, by stabilizing the glass sheet at the pre-positioning station immediately prior to the washing station, the likelihood of physical contact between the glass sheet and components of the washing station are minimized. 1. A method of processing a glass sheet , the glass sheet comprising opposing first and second major surfaces , the method comprising:delivering the glass sheet to a pre-positioning station;operating the pre-positioning station to spray a liquid onto the first major surface to stabilize the glass sheet;delivering the stabilized glass sheet to a washing station;washing the glass sheet;delivering the washed glass sheet to a drying station; anddrying the glass sheet,wherein the glass sheet defines a major plane, and further wherein the step of delivering the glass sheet to a pre-positioning station comprises orienting the glass sheet such that the major plane is substantially vertical.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of delivering the glass sheet to a pre-positioning station comprises engaging the glass sheet with a gripping device.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of engaging the glass sheet with a gripping device comprises gripping an edge of the glass sheet with the gripping device.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of delivering the glass sheet to a pre-positioning station further comprising conveying the gripping device along a track.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of ...

METHOD OF MATERIAL PROCESSING BY LASER FILAMENTATION

A method is provided for the internal processing of a transparent substrate in preparation for a cleaving step. The substrate is irradiated with a focused laser beam that is comprised of pulses having an energy and pulse duration selected to produce a filament within the substrate. The substrate is translated relative to the laser beam to irradiate the substrate and produce an additional filament at one or more additional locations. The resulting filaments form an array defining an internally scribed path for cleaving said substrate. Laser beam parameters may be varied to adjust the filament length and position, and to optionally introduce V-channels or grooves, rendering bevels to the laser-cleaved edges. Preferably, the laser pulses are delivered in a burst train for lowering the energy threshold for filament formation and increasing the filament length. 124-. (canceled)25. A method of preparing a substrate for cleavage , the method comprising the steps of:irradiating said substrate with a single pulse of a focused laser beam, wherein said substrate is transparent to said focused laser beam, and wherein said single pulse has an energy and pulse duration selected to produce a single continuous filament within said substrate;translating said substrate relative to said focused laser beam to irradiate said substrate and produce additional single continuous filaments at locations in said substrate;said single continuous filaments form an array defining an internally scribed path for cleaving said substrate;each said single pulse of said focused laser beam is focused to provide a sufficient beam intensity within said substrate to cause self-focusing of the focused laser beam over an extended laser interaction focal volume, thereby producing a plasma channel within said substrate while avoiding optical breakdown, such that substantially uniform modification of said material occurs along said beam path, thereby forming a single continuous filament within said substrate; ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PHASE SEPARATION GLASS FILM, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POROUS GLASS FILM, GLASS MEMBER, AND IMAGING DEVICE

A process for producing a phase separation glass film including a film formation step of forming a film including glass powder on both faces of a substrate, and a baking step of baking the film to form a phase separation glass film on both faces of the substrate simultaneously. The baking step is performed in a state in which the substrate is disposed such that an in-plane direction of the substrate is perpendicular to a gravitational direction by supporting the substrate at a portion where the film is not formed. In the baking step, a member having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the substrate is disposed below the substrate so as not to be in contact with the film. 1. A process for producing a phase separation glass film , comprising:a film formation step of forming a film including glass powder on both faces of a substrate; anda baking step of baking the film to form a phase separation glass film on both faces of the substrate simultaneously,wherein the baking step is performed in a state in which the substrate is disposed such that an in-plane direction of the substrate is perpendicular to a gravitational direction by supporting the substrate at a portion where the film is not formed, andwherein in the baking step a member having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the substrate is disposed below the substrate so as not to be in contact with the film.2. The process for producing a phase separation glass film according to claim 1 ,wherein an average particle diameter of the glass powder is less than or equal to 10 μm.3. The process for producing a phase separation glass film according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '3, 'wherein the member having the thermal conductivity higher than that of the substrate is AlO, Si, or SiC.'}4. A process for producing a porous glass film claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a step of preparing a phase separation glass film which is produced by the process for producing a phase ...

METHOD FOR MODIFYING THE TRANSMISSION OF GLASSES AND GLASS CERAMICS AND GLASS OR GLASS CERAMIC ARTICLES THAT CAN BE PRODUCED ACCORDING TO THE METHOD

A product is provided that includes a volume-colored monolithic glass or glass ceramic element and to a method for producing same. The glass or glass ceramic element has a first region in which the coloration is modified so that light transmission of the first region differs from light transmission of a second, adjacent region. The light scattering in the region of modified coloration in the glass or glass ceramic remains the same as light scattering in the second, adjacent region with non-modified light transmission. 120. A method for producing a glass or glass ceramic article with locally modified transmission , wherein light scattering in a first region of the glass or glass ceramic differs from light scattering in a second region of the glass or glass ceramic by not more than percentage points , the method comprising:providing the glass or glass ceramic article which is volume-colored by color centers or coloring ions; anddirecting electromagnetic radiation onto a localized surface area of the glass or glass ceramic article, the electromagnetic radiation being absorbed in the material of the glass or glass ceramic article in an irradiated region; andchoosing a power density of the electromagnetic radiation such that a region of the glass or glass ceramic article is heated up by the electromagnetic radiation, wherein heating of the region is performed at least until an absorption coefficient and thus a light transmission of the material of the glass or glass ceramic article is modified in the region, at least in a spectral range;cooling the surface of the glass or glass ceramic article with a cooling fluid during exposure to the electromagnetic radiation;terminating the irradiation of electromagnetic radiation after heating; andcooling the region at a cooling rate of at least 1 K per second at least within a temperature range between a maximum temperature and 100 K below the maximum temperature.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein electromagnetic ...

THROUGH ELECTRODE SUBSTRATE AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A through electrode substrate includes a substrate having a through hole extending through between a first face and a second face, a diameter of the through hole not having a minimum value inside the through hole; and a conductor arranged inside the through hole, wherein the through hole has a shape having a value obtained by summing a first to an eighth inclination angle at a first to an eighth position, respectively, of an inner face of the through hole of 8.0° or more, each of the first to the eighth inclination angle is an angle of the inner face with respect to a center axis of the through hole, and the first to the eighth position correspond to positions at distances of 6.25%, 18.75%, 31.25%, 43.75%, 56.25%, 68.75%, 81.25%, and 93.75%, respectively, from the first face in a section from the first face to the second face. 1. A through electrode substrate comprising:a substrate having a first face and a second face, the substrate having a through hole extending through between the first face and the second face, a diameter of the through hole not having a minimum value inside of the through hole, such that the inside of the through hole is defined by an area between a top edge of a first opening of the through hole and a bottom edge of a second opening of the through hole; anda conductor arranged along an inner face of the through hole, whereinan insulation region surrounded by the conductor is arranged inside the through hole,the through hole has a shape having a value obtained by summing a first inclination angle to an eighth inclination angle at a first position to an eighth position, respectively, of the inner face of 8.0° or more,each of the first inclination angle to the eighth inclination angle is an angle of the inner face with respect to a center axis of the through hole, and an angle expanding toward the first face is defined as a positive, andthe first position to the eighth position correspond to positions at distances of 6.25%, 18.75%, 31.25%, 43.75 ...

Glasses and glass ceramics including a metal oxide concentration gradient

Embodiments of a glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than 0.7·t, comprise a tangent that is less than about −0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness. Methods for forming such glass-based articles are also disclosed.

METHODS OF FABRICATING CHANNELS IN GLASS ARTICLES BY LASER DAMAGE AND ETCHING AND ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM

A method for forming a glass article and the corresponding glass article are provided. The method for forming a glass article includes providing a glass substrate sheet, and translating a pulsed laser beam on the glass substrate sheet. The pulsed laser forms a laser damage region extending from first surface of the glass substrate sheet a mid-point of the glass substrate sheet. The method further includes contacting the glass substrate sheet with an etchant solution to form channels at the laser damage region, the channels having width and depth dimensions of less than 150 μm. The glass article includes a first surface, a second surface, a channel extending from the first surface to point between the first surface and the second surface. The channel has width and height dimensions less than about 150 μm. 1. A method of forming a glass article , comprising:providing a glass substrate sheet;translating a pulsed laser beam on the glass substrate sheet to form a laser damage region extending from a surface of the glass substrate sheet to a mid-point of the glass substrate sheet; andcontacting the glass substrate sheet with an etchant solution,wherein after the contacting of the glass substrate sheet with the etchant solution, the laser damage regions form channels having width and depth dimensions of less than 150 μm.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the channels have a width from about 25 μm to about 125 μm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the channels have a depth from about 25 μm to about 125 μm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the channels have width and depth dimensions from about 30 μm to about 100 μm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a tolerance of the width and depth dimensions of the channels is less than about ±35 μm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a tolerance of the width and depth dimensions of the channels is less than about ±30 μm.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising chemically strengthening the glass substrate sheet.8. The method of ...

HIGH-SPEED MICRO-HOLE FABRICATION IN GLASS

A method for fabricating a high-density array of holes in glass comprises providing a glass sheet having a front surface and irradiating the glass sheet with a laser beam so as to produce open holes extending into the glass sheet from the front surface of the glass sheet. The beam creates thermally induced residual stress within the glass around the holes, and after irradiating, the glass sheet is annealed to eliminate or reduce thermal stress caused by the step of irradiating. The glass sheet is then etched to produce the final hole size. Preferably, the glass sheet is also annealed before the step of irradiating, at sufficiently high temperature for a sufficient time to render the glass sheet dimensionally stable during the step of annealing after irradiating. 1. A method of fabricating a high-density array of holes in glass , the method comprising:providing a glass sheet having a front surface;irradiating the glass sheet with a laser beam so as to produce open holes extending into the glass sheet from the front surface of the glass sheet, the beam creating thermally induced residual stress within the glass around the holes;annealing the glass sheet, after irradiating, to eliminate or reduce thermal stress caused by the step of irradiating;etching the glass sheet.2. The method of wherein the beam used in the step of irradiating the glass sheet is focused by a lens within +/−100 um of the front surface of the glass sheet claim 1 , the lens having a numerical aperture in the range of from 0.1 to 0.3.3. The method according to wherein the beam used in the step of irradiating is a UV laser beam producing radiation having a wavelength in the range of from 300 to 400 nm.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of compacting the glass sheet claim 1 , before irradiating claim 1 , by annealing the glass sheet.5. The method according to wherein the step of compacting comprises annealing at sufficiently high temperature for a sufficient time to render ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PARTIALLY TEXTURED GLASS ARTICLE

A method of manufacturing a partially textured glass article that includes (a) providing partially textured mother glass substrate that includes a first main surface and a second main surface which are opposed to each other; (b) irradiating the first main surface of the glass substrate with a laser to form a separating line on the first main surface that defines contour lines and extends from the first main surface to the second main surface dividing the glass article from the glass substrate, the glass article being a size smaller than the mother glass substrate; and (c) separating the partially textured glass article is separated from the mother glass substrate by the separating line. The method allows cutting a large partially textured mother glass substrate, with high precision, into smaller articles of partially textured glass at a requested size. 1: A method of manufacturing a partially textured glass article comprising:a) providing a partially textured mother glass substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface which are opposed to each other,b) irradiating the first main surface of the mother glass substrate with a laser to form, on the first main surface, at least one separating line defining contour lines and extending in a depth direction from the first main surface to the second main surface, for dividing the partially textured glass article from the glass substrate, the partially textured glass article being a size smaller than a size of the mother glass substrate, andc) separating the partially textured glass article from the mother glass substrate according to the separating line.2: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the separating line comprises a plurality of adjacent voids forming a spot-cutting line.3: The method according to claim 1 , wherein between b) irradiating and c) separating claim 1 , the mother glass substrate is chemically strengthened.4: The partially textured glass article according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Glass core substrate and method for manufacturing the same

Disclosed herein are a glass core substrate and a method for manufacturing the same. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the glass core substrate including: a glass core laminate including a glass layer and insulating layers which are stacked on upper and lower portions of the glass layer; a through hole formed by penetrating through the glass core laminate and provided with at least one crack which is formed at a penetrating inner wall by penetrating into the glass layer; and a conductive material filled in the through hole and the crack. Further, the method for manufacturing a glass core substrate is provided.

COATED GLASS WITH WINDOW AREA AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF

The present disclosure relates to a fabrication method of coated glass with a window area. The method includes: coating a base layer with a cerium oxide CeO2 film layer or a lanthanum oxide La2O3 film layer by using a vapor deposition method, wherein the base layer comprises to-be-coated glass, or to-be-coated glass and another layer coated on the to-be-coated glass; coating an ink layer onto the CeO2 film layer or the La2O3 film layer, wherein the ink layer is coated in a non-window area; and soaking the coated glass that has been coated with the ink layer in a weak acid solution, so as to deplate the CeO2 film layer or the La2O3 film layer in a window area. 1. A fabrication method of coated glass with a window area , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'coating a base layer with a cerium oxide CeOfilm layer or a lanthanum oxide LaOfilm layer by using a vapor deposition method, wherein the base layer comprises to-be-coated glass, or to-be-coated glass and another layer coated on the to-be-coated glass;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'coating an ink layer onto the CeOfilm layer or the LaOfilm layer, wherein the ink layer is coated in a non-window area; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'soaking the coated glass that has been coated with the ink layer in a weak acid solution, so as to deplate the CeOfilm layer or the LaOfilm layer in a window area.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe weak acid solution is a 0.01 mol/L to 5 mol/L acetic acid solution or a 0.01 mol/L to 5 mol/L citric acid solution.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the soaking the coated glass that has been coated with the ink layer in a weak acid solution comprises:soaking the coated glass that has been coated with the ink layer in the weak acid solution for five seconds to five minutes.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein after the soaking the coated glass that has been coated with the ink layer in a weak acid solution claim 1 , the method further comprises:taking out the soaked coated ...

GLASS PACKAGING ENSURING CONTAINER INTEGRITY

A strengthened glass container or vessel such as, but not limited to, vials for holding pharmaceutical products or vaccines in a hermetic and/or sterile state. The strengthened glass container undergoes a strengthening process that produces compression at the surface and tension within the container wall. The strengthening process is designed such that the tension within the wall is great enough to ensure catastrophic failure of the container, thus rendering the product unusable, should sterility be compromised by a through-wall crack. The tension is greater than a threshold central tension, above which catastrophic failure of the container is guaranteed, thus eliminating any potential for violation of pharmaceutical integrity. 1. A container comprising a glass , the container having a thickness and first surface and a second surface , wherein the glass has a first region under a compressive stress , the first region extending from at least one of the first surface and the second surface to a depth of layer in the glass , and a second region under a central tension , the second region extending from the depth of layer , and wherein the central tension is greater than or equal to a threshold tensile stress of about 15 MPa.2. The container of claim 1 , wherein the threshold tensile stress is sufficient to allow self-propagation of a crack front through the thickness from the first surface to the second surface.3. The container of claim 2 , wherein the self-propagation of the crack front from the first surface to the second surface further comprises bifurcation of the crack front across at least the first surface.4. The container of claim 2 , wherein the self-propagation of the crack front from the first surface to the second surface further comprises self-propagation of the crack front laterally across at least the first surface claim 2 , and wherein the self-propagation of the crack front renders the container unsuitable for its intended use.5. The container of claim ...

Thermo-electric method for texturing of glass surfaces

A thermo-electric method for texturing a glass surface including, for example, simultaneously heating a glass substrate to a temperature less than its glass transition temperature and applying a bias across the glass substrate using a template electrode. The applied bias at the processing temperature induces localized ion migration within the glass, which results in the formation in the glass surface of a negative topographical image of the pattern formed in the electrode.

LOW-EMISSIVITY COATED GLASS FOR IMPROVING RADIO FREQUENCY SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

Modified low emissivity (low-E) coated glass, so that windows using the processed glass allow uninterrupted use of RF devices within commercial or residential buildings. Glass processed in the manner described herein will not significantly diminish the energy conserving properties of the low-E coated glass. This method and apparatus disrupts the conductivity of the coating in small regions. In an embodiment, the method and apparatus ablates the low-E coating along narrow contiguous paths, such that electrical conductivity can no longer occur across the paths. The paths may take the form of intersecting curves and/or lines, so that the remaining coating consists of electrically isolated areas. The method and apparatus are applicable both to treating glass panels at the factory as well as treating windows in-situ after installation. 1. A sheet of glass , having a low emissivity (low-E) coating thereon , wherein a portion of the low-E coating is absent in a pattern of intersecting lines or curves between 10 and 40 microns in width , where all the lines or curves are interconnected and a plurality of areas of the coating remain and are permanently electrically isolated from each other , wherein the absence of the coating is of a size and shape such that the coated sheet of glass allows transmission , through the glass , of cellular and wireless local area network radio signals with an insertion loss of 10 dB or less.2. The sheet of glass of claim 1 , wherein the total area of the remaining low-E coating comprises 95% or more of the area of the sheet of glass claim 1 , and the area of the sheet of glass where the low-E coating is absent comprises 5% or less of the total area of the sheet of glass.3. The sheet of glass of claim 1 , wherein the lines or curves are created using a laser to ablate the low-E coating.4. The sheet of glass of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the low-E coating is absent in a grid pattern and the spacing of the grid pattern is between 2 mm and 10 ...

FRIT SEALING SYSTEM

Provided is a frit sealing system for attaching a first substrate and a second substrate by using a frit. The frit sealing system includes a laser irradiation member configured to irradiate a laser on the frit between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a pressurization member on the second substrate, the pressurization member being configured to apply pressure to the second substrate during the irradiation of the laser, the pressurization member including base, and an elastic portion connected to the base and contacting the second substrate. 1. A frit sealing system for attaching a first substrate and a second substrate by using a frit , the frit sealing system comprising:laser irradiation member configured to irradiate a laser on the frit between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a base, and', 'an elastic portion connected to the base and contacting the second substrate., 'a pressurization member on the second substrate, the pressurization member being configured to apply pressure to the second substrate during the irradiation of the laser, the pressurization member including2. The frit sealing system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a space between the base and the elastic portion claim 1 , the space including fluid.3. The frit sealing system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , when the fluid fills the space between the base and the elastic portion claim 2 , the elastic portion is configured to apply pressure to the second substrate.4. The frit sealing system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the elastic portion includes material that transmits the laser.5. The frit sealing system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the laser is configured to pass through the base claim 4 , the fluid claim 4 , the elastic portion claim 4 , and the second substrate to be irradiated on the frit.6. The fit sealing system as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising a transmission portion connected to the elastic portion claim 2 , the ...

GLASS BUBBLES AND LOW DENSITY SHEET MOLDING COMPOUND INCORPORATING SAID GLASS BUBBLES

A glass bubble includes a hollow glass body having an outer surface with a diameter of between about 16 micrometers and about 25 micrometers and a surface roughness of about 0.01% to about 0.1% of that diameter. A low density sheet molding compound incorporating a plurality of glass bubbles and resin is also disclosed. 1. A glass bubble , comprising:a hollow glass body having an outer surface with a diameter of between about 16 micrometers and about 25 micrometers and a surface roughness of about 0.01% to about 0.1% of said diameter.2. A low density sheet molding compound claim 1 , comprising a resin and a plurality of glass bubbles as set forth in .3. A glass bubble claim 1 , comprising:a hollow glass body having an outer surface with a diameter of between 16 micrometers and 25 micrometers and a surface roughness of 0.01% to 0.1% of said diameter.4. A low density sheet molding compound claim 3 , comprising a resin and a plurality of glass beads as set forth in .5. The low density sheet molding compound of having a density of about 1.2 g/cm. This is a divisional patent application claiming priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/696,521, filed on 27 Apr. 2015, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.This document relates generally to a surface treatment method for glass bubbles, glass bubbles manufactured by that method and low density sheet molding compound made utilizing glass bubbles manufactured by that method.The government's corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) requirement of 54.5 mpg by 2025 has pushed motor vehicle manufacturers to accelerate the use of lightweight materials in motor vehicles. As a result, it has been proposed to utilize low density sheet molding compounds in the construction of vehicle body panels, such as the hood, instead of standard density sheet molding compounds. More specifically, low density sheet molding compounds have a density of about 1.2 g/cmwhile standard density sheet molding ...

DISPLAY COVER GLASS AND DISPLAY COVER GLASS FABRICATION METHOD

The present invention provides a cover glass for a display, having high durability to slow cracking and strong abraded strength even though a compressive stress is large and a depth of a compressive stress layer is deep. The present invention relates to a cover glass for a display, in which a depth of a compressive stress layer (DOL) is 30 μm or more, a surface compressive stress is 300 MPa or more, a position (HW) at which a compressive stress is half of a value of the surface compressive stress is a position of 8 μm or more from a glass surface, and the depth of the compressive stress layer (DOL) and the position (HW) at which the compressive stress is half of the value of the surface compressive stress satisfy the following formula: 1. A cover glass for a display , whereina depth of a compressive stress layer DOL is 50 μm or more,a surface compressive stress CS is 400 MPa or more,CS×DOL is 25 MPa·mm or more, andthe cover glass has a HW/DOL ratio of 0.23 or less, where HW is a position at which a compressive stress is half of the surface compressive stress.26-. (canceled)7. The cover glass according to claim 1 , wherein the HW/DOL ratio is 0.05 or more.8. The cover glass according to claim 1 , wherein the surface compressive stress CS is 500 MPa or more.9. The cover glass according to claim 1 , wherein the cover glass has a slow cracking height greater than a glass having the same CS×DOL value and a HW/DOL ratio of greater than 0.23.10. The cover glass according to claim 1 , wherein the cover glass has a composition of 50 to 80% of SiO claim 1 , 2 to 25% of AlO claim 1 , 0 to 10% of LiO claim 1 , 0 to 18% of NaO claim 1 , 0 to 10% of KO claim 1 , 0 to 15% of MgO claim 1 , 0 to 5% of CaO claim 1 , and 0 to 5% of ZrO claim 1 , in terms of mol %.11. The cover glass according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in terms of mol % claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'the cover glass has a composition of 61 to 72% of SiO, 8 to 17% of AlO, 6 to 18% of LiO, 2 ...

Substrate For Changing Color Of Light Emitting Diode And Method For Producing Same

The present invention relates to a substrate for changing the color of a light emitting diode and a method for producing same and, more particularly, to a substrate for changing the color of a light emitting diode and a method for producing same, wherein the substrate may be hermetically sealed so that quantum dots (QD) contained inside may be completely protected from the outside and emission efficiency of the light emitting diode may be enhanced. Thus, the present invention provides a substrate for changing the color of a light emitting diode, and a method for producing same, wherein the substrate is characterized by including: a first glass substrate disposed on the light emitting diode; a second glass substrate formed opposite to the first substrate; a structure which is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, has hollows, and includes a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 30-80×10/° C.; QDs to fill the hollows; and sealing materials respectively formed between the first substrate and a bottom face of the structure and between the second substrate and a top face of the structure. 1. A color conversion substrate for a light-emitting diode comprising:a first glass substrate disposed over the light-emitting diode;a second glass substrate facing the first glass substrate;{'sup': −7', '−7, 'a structural body disposed between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, the structural body having an opening, and comprising a material, a coefficient of thermal expansion of which ranges from to 30*10/° C. to 80*10/° C.;'}a quantum dot accommodated in the opening of the structural body; andan sealant disposed between the first glass substrate and a bottom surface of the structural body and between the second glass substrate and a top surface of the structural body.2. The color conversion substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the structural body is white.3. The color conversion substrate according to claim 2 , ...

LASER CONTROLLED ION EXCHANGE PROCESS AND GLASS ARTICLES FORMED THEREFROM

A method for forming ion-exchanged regions in a glass article by contacting an ion source with at least one surface of the glass article, forming a first ion-exchanged region in the glass article by heating a first portion of the glass article with a laser, and forming a second ion-exchanged region in the glass article. Characteristics of the first ion-exchanged region may be different from characteristics of the second ion-exchanged region. A depth of the ion-exchanged region may be greater than 1 μm. A glass article including a first ion-exchanged region, and a second ion-exchanged region having different characteristics from the first ion-exchanged region. The thickness of the glass article is less than or equal to about 0.5 mm. 1. A method for forming ion-exchanged regions in a glass article , the method comprising:contacting an ion exchange source with at least one surface of the glass article;forming a first ion-exchanged region in the glass article by heating a first portion of the glass article with a laser; andforming a second ion-exchanged region in the glass article,wherein at least one characteristic of the first ion-exchanged region is different from a characteristic of the second ion-exchanged region.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a depth of the first ion-exchanged region is different than a depth of the second ion-exchanged region.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of ions at an edge of the glass article is different than a concentration of ions at a center of the glass article.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a depth of each of the first and second ion-exchanged regions is from about 5 μm to about 60 μm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass article does not contain any alkali metal ions.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ion exchange source is selected from the group consisting of KNO claim 1 , NaNO claim 1 , and AgNO.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser is selected from the group consisting of a CO laser ...

THERMALLY STRENGTHENED GLASS SHEETS HAVING CHARACTERISTIC NEAR-EDGE RETARDANCE

A strengthened glass or glass ceramic sheet has a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, an interior region between the first and second surfaces, an outer edge surface extending between the first and second major surfaces, and a thickness between the first major surface and the second major surfaces, wherein the sheet comprises a glass or glass ceramic and is thermally strengthened and wherein the first major surface has a roughness of more than 0.1 nm Ra and less than 500 nm Ra over an area of 10 μm×10 μm and wherein PP<0.05·(LL), where LL is the maximum differential optical retardation with a slow axis closer to perpendicular than to parallel to the outer edge of the sheet, measured through the sheet through the first and second major surfaces of the sheet at a measurement location on the first surface of the sheet, as the measurement location moves inward from a point at the outer edge of the sheet, to a point three times the thickness from the outer edge, and where PP is the maximum differential optical retardation with a slow axis closer to parallel than to perpendicular to the outer edge of the sheet, measured through the sheet through the first and second major surfaces of the sheet, at the measurement location as the measurement location moves inward from the point at the outer edge of the sheet, to a point three times the thickness from the outer edge. 1. A strengthened glass or glass ceramic sheet comprisinga first major surface;a second major surface opposite the first major surface;an interior region located between the first and second major surfaces;an outer edge surface extending between and surrounding the first and second major surfaces such that the outer edge surface defines the perimeter of the sheet;a thickness defined as the local distance between the first major surface and the second major surface of the sheet,wherein the sheet comprises a glass or glass ceramic and is thermally strengthened;wherein the ...

Thermally tempered glass sheets having small-scale index or birefringence patterns

A strengthened glass or glass ceramic sheet has a roughness of greater than 0.05 nm Ra and less than 0.08 nm Ra over an area of 10 μm×10 μm and has the property that, excluding areas within three sheet thicknesses of the outer edge surface of the sheet, the slope of a measured value of a thermally affected property of glass over distance along the first major surface of the sheet is higher bordering one or more lower-cooling-rate-effect-exhibiting areas on the first surface of the sheet than elsewhere on the first surface of the sheet, and at least one of said one or more areas has a shortest linear dimension, in a direction parallel to the first major surface, of less than 100000 μm.

Method of Manufacture of Copper-doped Glasses

A method of making a copper-doped glass comprising placing a target glass in a container, placing a target glass in a container, surrounding the target glass with a powder mixture comprised of fused silica (SiO) powder and copper sulfide (CuS) powder, such that both the target glass and the surrounding powder are contained in the container, and heating the container and the target glass and the surrounding powder mixture to a temperature of between 800° C. and 1150° C. 1. A method of making a copper-doped glass comprising the steps of:placing a target glass in a container;{'sub': 2', '2, 'surrounding the target glass with a powder mixture comprised of fused silica (SiO) powder and copper sulfide (CuS) powder, such that both the target glass and the surrounding powder are contained in the container; and'}heating the container and the target glass and the surrounding powder mixture to a temperature of between 800° C. and 1150° C.2. The method of making a copper-doped glass of wherein the powder mixture is comprised of a SiOpowder and Cus powder mixed according to the formula (SiO)(CuS) claim 1 , where 0.01 Подробнее

Decorative object, in particular watch glass, with an optical effect

Disclosed is a decorative object including an upper glass, a lower glass, a recessed pattern formed in the lower glass and facing the upper glass, a liquid filling the recessed pattern, the refractive index of the liquid being equal to that of the lower glass or differing from that of the lower glass by at most 10%, and solid elements which can move in the liquid.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OPTICAL MEMBER

A manufacturing method of an optical member includes providing a raw member, disposing first ions and second ions in the raw member, and heat-treating the raw member with the first and second ions therein such that the first ions are reacted with the second ions in the raw member to form quantum dots in the raw member which forms the optical member. 1. A method of manufacturing an optical member , comprising:providing a raw member injecting first ions and second ions into the raw member; andheat-treating the raw member having the first ions and second ions therein to couple the first ions to the second ions within a portion of the raw member, the coupled ions forming quantum dots within the portion of the raw member to form the optical member.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injecting the first and second ions into the raw member comprises:accelerating the first ions to form a first ion beam;accelerating the second ions to form a second ion beam;irradiating the first ion beam to the raw member to inject the first ions into the raw member; andirradiating the second ion beam to the raw member to inject the second ions into the raw member.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-treating the raw member is performed by heating the raw member at a temperature equal to or greater than about 300 degrees Celsius and equal to or less than about 500 degrees Celsius.4. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe first and second ions are injected into the raw member through a side surface thereof corresponding to a light incident surface of the optical member, andthe injected first and second ions are disposed within a first area portion of the raw member, the first area portion defined from the side surface of the raw member, andthe injected first and second ions are not disposed within a second area portion of the raw member, the second area portion defined as a remaining area portion of the raw member except for the first area portion.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...