СОЕДИНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ

Изобретение относится к органическим электролюминесцентным устройствам на основе соединений формулы (1) ! ! где Y, Z выбраны из N, P, P=O, C=O, O, S, S=O и SO2; Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 выбраны из бензола, нафталина, антрацена, фенантрена, пиридина, пирена или тиофена, необязательно замещенных R1; Ar4, Ar5, Ar6, Ar7 выбраны из бензола, нафталина, антрацена, фенантрена, пиридина, пирена, тиофена, трифениламина, дифенил-1-нафтиламина, дифенил-2-нафтиламина, фенилди(1-нафтил)амина, фенилди(2-нафтил)амина или спиробифлуорена, необязательно замещенных R1; Е - одинарная связь, N(R1), О, S или C(R1)2; R1 представляет собой Н, F, CN, алкил, где СН2 группы могут быть заменены на -R2C=CR2-, -C≡C-, -О- или -S-, и Н может быть заменен на F, необязательно замещенные арил или гетероарил, где R1 могут образовывать кольцо друг с другом; R2 - Н, алифатический или ароматический углеводород; X1, X4, X2, X3 - выбраны из C(R1)2, C=O, C=NR1, О, S, S=O, SO2, N(R1), P(R1), P(=O)R1, C(R1)2-C(R1)2, C(R1)2-C(R1)2-C(R1)2, C( ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АЦИЛИРОВАННЫХ 1,3-ДИКАРБОНИЛЬНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ

Изобретение относится к усовершенствованному способу получения ацилированных 1, 3-дикарбонильных соединений, используемых в качестве агрохимикатов или промежуточных продуктов для производства агрохимикатов. Описано также получение соответствующих таутомерных форм ацилированных 1, 3-дикарбонильных соединений. Способ заключается в перегруппировке соответствующего сложного енольного эфира, причем эту перегруппировку проводят в присутствии азида щелочного металла. Способ позволяет устранить потребность в дорогостоящих выделении катализатора/реагента и системах обработки отходов. 6 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИНГИБИТОРОВ ATR КИНАЗЫ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к способу получения соединения формулы I-1, включающему стадии: a) взаимодействия соединения формулы 6a* с соединением формулы 27 при соответствующих условиях образования амидной связи, где соответствующие условия для образования амидной связи включают взаимодействие соединения формулы 6a* с соединением формулы 27 в апротонном растворителе при нагреве, с образованием соединения формулы 28; b) очистки соединения формулы 28 с использованием соответствующего хелатирующего агента для палладия, выбранного из пропан-1,2-диамина; этан-1,2-диамина; этан-1,2-диамина; пропан-1,3-диамина; тетраметилэтилендиамина; этиленгликоля; 1,3-бис(дифенилфосфанил)пропана; 1,4-бис(дифенилфосфанил)бутана и 1,2-бис(дифенилфосфанил)этан/Pr-1,2-диамина; c) взаимодействия соединения формулы 28 при соответствующих условиях снятия защиты, где соответствующие условия снятия защиты включают взаимодействие соединения формулы 28 с кислотой в присутствии растворителя, с образованием соединения формулы ...

Способ повышения стабильности кислородсодержащих компонентов моторного топлива и регулирования содержания в них кислорода

Изобретение описывает способ регулирования содержания кислорода в высокооктановом компоненте моторного топлива на основе карбонильных соединений общей формулы, где R- Н, либо алкоксид -O-CH, либо углеводородный радикал общей формулы -CH; R- углеводородный радикал общей формулы -CH; n - число от 1 до 5 или их смеси, и регулирования химической стабильности этого компонента топлива, заключающийся в том, что карбонильные соединения указанной выше общей формулы или их смесь в газовой фазе в избытке водорода пропускают над слоем композита, состоящего из механической смеси катализатора гидрирования и катализатора дегидратации, при температуре 100-400°С и давлении 1-100 атм. Технический результат заключается в увеличение активности, селективности и стабильности работы катализаторов гидрирования разветвленных кетонов до соответствующих разветвленных алканов, и/или спиртов, и/или их смесей. 7 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 28 пр.

ХИНОНОВЫЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ И ИХ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ПРИЕМЛЕМЫЕ СОЛИ

Использование: в гетероциклической химии, в частности в способе получения производных хинона терапевтических агентов для лечения болезней печени. Сущность изобретения: продукт производные хинона ф-лы I: A-CH(двойная связь) CCR′-C(O)-R2 или их фармацевтически приемлемые соли, где A группа ф-лы II R3 и R4 равные или разные, метокси-или этоксигруппа: R5 метил или группа ф-лы III: где R3 R4 R5 - см. выше, X, Y равные или разные, гидроксил или группа: -(OCH2)n-OR6 при n=0 или 1; R6 низший алкил; R′ C9H19 пентил, бензил, циклогексилметил, фенил или одна из групп CH2-(CH2-CH2 -CH2) CN или -(CH2)2-S-CH3 2-метилентиенил: R2 группа OR8 при R8 водород или алкил. Выход 90% Реагент 1: кетон ф-лы CR′ при R2 группа OR8 и R8 низший алкил. Реагент 2: гидроокись натрия. 4 табл.

ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ БЕНЗОЛА, ИМЕЮЩИЕ 2 ИЛИ БОЛЕЕ ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛЕЙ

... 1. Соединение, представленное общей формулой (I), или его фармакологически приемлемая соль или сложный эфир: где R1 представляет собой группу, имеющую формулу -COR9 [где R9 представляет собой C1-C10 алкильную группу, C1-C10 алкоксигруппу, галоген-С1-C10 алкоксигруппу (где указанная галоген-С1-C10 алкоксигруппа представляет собой C1-C10 алкоксигруппу, замещенную 1-7 атомами галогенов), фенил-(C1-C10 алкокси)группу, C1-C10 алкиламиногруппу или ди(C1-C10 алкил)аминогруппу (где указанные алкильные группы могут быть одинаковыми или разными и две из указанных алкильных групп могут, вместе с атомом азота указанной аминогруппы, образовывать 5-7-членную насыщенную гетероциклическую группу, содержащую 1-3 атома, выбранных из группы, состоящей из атома азота, атома кислорода и атома серы); R2 представляет собой атом водорода, галоген-С1-C4 алкильную группу (где указанная галоген-С1-C4 алкильная группа представляет собой C1-C4 алкильную группу, замещенную 1-5 атомами галогенов), гидроксильную группу ...

Способ получения дибензо- [а,D-ЦИКЛООКТЕН-6,12-ИМИНОВ ИЛИ ИХ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИ ПРИЕМЛЕМЫХ СОЛЕЙ

Способ получения ацетона или ацетальдегида

Способ получения фениламиноалканов

Способ получения мета-феноксибензальдегида

3-OXACARBINOLANALOGE VON PROSTAGLANDIN E TIEF 1 , VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG UND ARZNEIMITTEL, WELCHE DIESE ENTHALTEN

Verfahren zur katalytischen Hydrolyse von alpha,beta-ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen.

Verfahren zur Herstellung hoehermolekularer Ketone aus AEthylen und Acetaldehyd

Verfahren zur metallorganischen Herstellung organischer Zwischenprodukte über Halogen-Metall-Austauschreaktionen

The invention concerns a method for producing aryllithium compounds by reacting halogenaliphates (I) with metal lithium, to obtain a lithiumalkyl (II), then by subsequent reaction with aromatic halogen compounds (III) with halogen-metal exchange reaction resulting in corresponding lithium aromatic compounds (IV). Step 1: producing the base; step 2: halogen-metal exchange (equation I), formulae wherein: R represents methyl, primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl radical containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, which are optionally substituted by a radical from the following groups: {phenyl, substituted phenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio}, substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms; Hal1 = fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; Hal2 represents chlorine, bromine or iodine; X1-5 independently represent a carbon or one or several X1-5 R1-5 groups may represent together nitrogen, or two neighbouring ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PINACOLONE

Verfahren zur Darstellung von Phlorphenylacetophenon

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON STYRYL- CYCLOPROPAN-CARBONSAEUREESTERN UND NEUE ZWISCHENPRODUKTE DAFUER

HYDROFORMYLIERUNG VON ALLYL-ALKOHOLEN

Verfahren zur Herstellung ungesaettigter Aldehyde

HYDROXYDESOXYBENZOINE UND IHRE VERWENDUNG ZUR MASKIERUNG VON BITTERGESCHMACK

Chemical processes

PHLOROGLUCINOL DERIVATIVES

... 1325192 Phloroglucinol derivatives ORSYMONDE 6 May 1971 [6 May 1970] 21865/70 Heading C2C Novel compounds of Formula I in which each of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; each of R 4 and R 5 , which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R 4 and R 5 together form, with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 5, 6 or 7 ring atoms, optionally containing, in addition to the indicated nitrogen, a further heteroatom which is sulphur, oxygen or an additional nitrogen atom, and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the proviso that, when n is 1, the group -NR 4 R 5 does not represent an unsubstituted piperidine group or a 4-(C 1-4 alkyl) piperidine group or a group of formula wherein Z is a group of either of the formulµ where R 6 is in the 2 or 4 position and represents a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom or an alkoxy group of 1-5 carbon atoms, R ...

PREPARATION OF DIALKYNYL ARYL COMPOUNDS

CYCLIC ACETALS AND MERCAPTALS

... 1403762 Stabilizing polymers SANDOZ Ltd 25 Oct 1972 [26 Oct 1971] 49202/72 Heading C3P [Also in Division C2] Polymeric materials, e.g. polypropylene are stabilized against the actions of heat and oxygen by incorporation of a compound (I) where R 1 is a tertiary alkyl radical of up to 12 carbon atoms and is in a position adjacent to the hydroxy group; R 2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical of up to 20 carbon atoms, or a phenyl radical which may be substituted by one or two alkyl radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is 1 or 2; K is a 2n-valent hydrocarbon radical of 2 to 12 carbon atoms consisting of aromatic and/or saturated aliphatic units in which one -C-C-bond may be replaced by a -C-O-C- bond, and X 1 , and X 2 , which may be the same or different, are each an oxygen or sulphur atom, X 1 and X 2 being bonded to adjacent or next adjacent atoms in the radical K, provided that when n is 2, the two divalent radicals attached to the radical K may be the same or different. Other ...

Novel naphthalene derivatives and a process for the preparation of same

The invention comprises compounds of the general formula where R is formyl or methyl. The compounds are prepared by formylating a 1-hydroxy-8-alkoxy-naphthalene by treatment with dry hydrogen cyanide and gaseous hydrogen chloride in the presence of zinc chloride, followed by hydrolysis of the aldimine hydrochloride so obtained to give the compound of the above formula where R = formyl. This is catalytically reduced by hydrogenation in the presence of a copper/chromium oxide catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure to give the compound of the above formula where R = methyl. In examples, (1) dry gaseous hydrogen chloride is passed through a solution of zinc chloride, 1 - hydroxy - 8 - methoxy - naphthalene and anhydrous hydrogen cyanide in dry ether, the ether decanted from the aldimine-hydrochloride precipitate which is then hydrolysed with water and the solid 1-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-naphthalene recrystallized from benzene/petrol; (2) a methanolic solution ...

Gelatin compositions containing hardeners

... 1,128,818. Bis - (# - acyloxyethyl) - ketones. EASTMAN KODAK CO. 2 Oct., 1965, No. 41889/65. Heading C2C. [Also in Divisions C3 and G2] Compounds are described of the formula where X is an acyloxy radical of 2-5 carbons, including chloracetoxy, m is 0 or 1 and A is -(CR 2 ) n - where n is 1 to 10, R is H or alkyl of 1-4 carbons and one or more -CR 2 units may be replaced by -CR=CR-, -O-, -S-, arylene or cycloalkylene. Those specified are 1:5-diacetoxy-3-pentanone, 1:8-diacetoxy - 4 - octene - 3:6 - dione, 1:10 - diacetoxy- 3:8-decanedione and the corresponding bis- (chloracetoxy) compound, 1 :11-diacetoxy-6-oxa (or -thia)-3:9-undecanedione, 1:14-diacetoxy- 3:12-tetradecanedione and 1:4-bis-(3-acetoxypropionyl)-benzene or -cyclohexane. The compounds are made by reacting a carboxylic acid and its alkali metal salt with the bis-(#-chloroethyl) ketone corresponding to the compound desired, in acetone or in the carboxylic acid if the latter is a liquid. 1 :10-Dichloro-3:8-decanedione and 1 : ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS BY HYDRATION OF OLEFINS

Process for preparation of alcohols by hydration of olefins

Olefins are hydrated to the corresponding alcohols in the presence of at least one crystalline alumino-silicate selected from offretite, ferrierite and erionite. The offretite, ferrierite and erionite are preferably characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns shown in Tables 1 and 7; Tables 2, 8 and 9; and Table 3, respectively. At least a part of the exchangeable cations in the offretite, ferrierite and erionite may be exchanged with at least one cation selected from a hydrogen ion, an alkaline earth metal ion and a rare earth metal ion. Furthermore, at least a part of the exchangeable cations in the erionite may be exchanged with an ammonium ion and/or an alkali metal ion.

3-(4-ALKYLCYCLOHEXYL)-PYRIDAZINES AND THEIR USE IN LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITIONS

Metering method for particulate material

SYNTHESIS OF BIS (PHENYLGLYOXYLOYL) BENZENES

Formyl ether derivatives

This invention is directed to novel ether compounds of formula (I) (I) which are of value in medicine in the palliation of haemoglobinopathies, in particular sickle-cell anemia, and also in the palliation of pulmonary dyefunction, protection from the effects of hypoxia and the radio-sensitization of tumours. The invention is also directed to methods for the preparation of the ether compounds, to pharmaceutical formulations containing them, the preparation of such formulations and the use of the compounds in human medicine. Also provided by the invention are intermediates of value in the preparation of the ether compounds, by the methods described, and the preparation of the intermediates.

NOVEL PROCESS

Organic synthesis intermediates 2-octanal aldehyde synthesis method

Preparation of carvone

Process for the preparation of carvone by heating 1-methyl-1-hydroxy -4-isopropenylcyclohexan-2- one at a temperature between 150 and 350 DEG C. The starting material may be obtained by reacting d-limonene with nitrosylsulphuric acid, hydrolysing the limonene nitrosulphate obtained to form 1-methyl-1-hydroxy-2-hydroxy- imino-4-isopropenyl-cyclohexane, and converting the latter compound into 1-methyl-1-hydroxy- 4-isopropenyl-cyclohexan-2-one.

Improvements in or relating to hydrazines and the manufacture thereof

The invention comprises compounds of the formula (wherein Ha1 represents a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom and wherein one of the symbols X and Y represents hydrogen and the other represents a hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom and R represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C3 alkyl group) and acid addition salts thereof, and the preparation of compounds of the formula by reacting a ketone of the formula with hydrazine and hydrogenating the product, and the preparation of compounds of the formula (wherein R1 represents a C1-C3 alkyl group by treating a compound of the formula with nitrous acid and reducing the N-nitroso product, and the preparation of compounds of the formula VI above by appropriate reductive amination of ketones of the formula II above, and the preparation of these ketones by condensing the corresponding halobenz-aldehydes with nitroethane and reductively hydrolysing ...

PREPARATION OF KETONES

... 1495011 Ketones SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ BV 3 Feb 1975 [4 Feb 1974] 05042/74 Addition to 1436887 Heading C2C [Also in Division B1] A process for the preparation of a ketone from an alkene or cycloalkene of 3 or more carbon atoms which is capable of forming a secondary mercaptan by reaction with hydrogen sulphide comprises reacting the alkene with water and hydrogen sulphide or a compound capable of yielding hydrogen sulphide, in the presence of a sulphided metal catalyst supported on a carrier, wherein the metals present in the catalyst are (a) molybdenum, (b) a metal of the group iron, cobalt and nickel and (c) a noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and the carrier is alumina or an aluminium-containing compound having a spinel structure. Compounds capable of yielding hydrogen sulphide include mercaptans and dialkyl sulphides. In examples, 2-butanone is prepared.

Process for ther solid phase synthesis of aldehyde ketone oxim amine hydroxamic acid abd a b-unsaturated carboxyxlix acid and aldehyde compounds

Pesticides.

New oximes, their method of preparation and their applications.

Novel aryloxy alcohol benzenes, processes for their preparation as well as the pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

This invention has a subject matter novel aryloxy alkylbenzenes, their processes for production and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Therapeutic compounds with hydroxamic acid derivatives.

The present invention is concerned with novel hydroxamic acids of formula (1)and their use in medical therapy, particularly in the prophlaxis or treatment of clinical conditions for which an inhibitor of the loxygenase or cyclooxygenase mediated arachidonic acid metabolic pathway is indicated. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations and processes for the preparation of compounds according to the invention.

Process for the solid phase synthesis of of aldehyde, ketone, oxine, amine, hydroxamic acid and B-unsaturated carboxylic acid and aldehyde compounds.

This invention is directed to a process for the solid phase synthesis of aldehyde, ketone, oxime, amine, hydroxamic acid and a,b-unsaturated carboxylic acid and aldehyde compounds and to polymeric hydroxylamine resin compounds useful therefor.

Process for the solid phase synthesis of aldehydes ketones oximes amines and hydroxamic acid compounds

NOVEL ARYLOXY ALCOYL BENZENES,PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AS THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING THEM

Therapeutic c compounds

Process for the solid phase synthesis of aldehydes, ketones, oximes, amines and hydroxamic acid compounds.

This invention relates to N-alkylated polymeric hydroxamic acid resin compounds of formula-- where L is a linking group and PG is a protection group. Such resin compounds are useful in the process of solid phase synthesis of aldehydes, ketones, oximes, amines and hydroxamic acid compounds.

Pharmaceutical compounds, their preparation, use and intermediaries and their preparation.

Treatment and prophylaxis of diseases caused by parasites or bacteria

Antibacterial agents.

Method of preparation of alkylated derivatives of the phlorophénone.

Antibacterial agents.

Process for the solid phase synthesis of aldehyde,ketone, oxime, amine, hydroxamic acid and alpha, b eta-unsaturated carboxylic acid and aldehyde compounds.

Process for the solid phase synthesis of aldehydesketones oximes amines and hydroxamic acid compoun ds

Alkyl Thiolcarbamates (isoxazolyl) and weedkillers compositions the container.

Obtaining amino acids of the type L-alpha-alkyl-beta (3,4-dihydroxyphényl) alanine.

Derived from thiadiazole and weedkillers compositions the container.

New aryloxy alcoyl benzenes, their methods of preparation and compositions pharmaceutical while containing.

Derived from pyrimidin and their preparation.

Preparation of méta-aryloxy-benzaldéhydes.

Method of preparation of acids (7-acétamido Disubstituted) - 3 - substitutes-3 cephem-4-carboxylic and new industrial products.

Therapeutic c compounds

Process for ther solid phase synthesis of aldehyde ketone oxim amine hydroxamic acid abd a b-unsaturated carboxyxlix acid and aldehyde compounds

NOVEL ARYLOXY ALCOYL BENZENES,PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AS THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING THEM

Process for the solid phase synthesis of aldehydes ketones oximes amines and hydroxamic acid compounds

NEW IMMUNOTHERAPEUTI MEANS AND THEIR USE IN THE REDUCTION OF CYTOKINENSPIEGEL

IMPROVED FORMULATIONS OF POWDER FOR INHALATION

PROCEDURES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VINYLSUBSTI TUIERTEN CYCLOPROPANCARBONSAEUREN AND/OR FROM THEIR ESTERS

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF NEW DIBENZO (B, D) PYRAN DERIVATIVES

PYRANO, PIPERIDINO, AND THIOPYRANO DERIVATIVES AND METHOD FOR USE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW DIBENZO (A, D) - CYCLOOCTEN-5,12 (AND 6,12) - IMINEN AND THEIR SALTS

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NEUEN CIS-4A-ARYLOCTAHYDRO-1H-2-PYRINDIN-VERBINDUNGEN SOWIE DER UNGIFTIGEN PHARMAZEUTISCH ANNEHMBAREN SAEUREAD- DITIONSSALZE DAVON

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG NEUER 5- UND 6-GLIEDRIGER HETEROCYCLISCHER VERBINDUNGEN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NEUEN POLYENVERBINDUNGEN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NEUEN, GEGEBENENFALLS SUBSTITUIERTEN, 1-PHENALKOXYPHENYL-2- ODER -3- (BIS-PHENYLALKYLAMINO)-ALKANEN UND DEREN SAUREADDITIONSSALZEN

STEUERSCHALTUNG ZUM STOPPEN ODER ANHALTEN BUERSTENLOSER GLEICHSTROMMOTOREN

PROCEDURES FOR the PRODUCTION OF NEW ONES, IF NECESSARY SUBSTITUTED, 1-PHENALKOXYPHENYL-2 OR -3 - (UNTIL PHENYLALKYLAMINO) - ALKANES AND THEIR SOUR ADDITION SALTS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW CIS-4A-ARYLOCTAHYDRO-1H-2-PYRINDIN-VERBINDUNGEN AS WELL AS THE INNOCUOUS PHARMACEUTICAL ACCEPTABLE ONE SAEUREAD DITIONSSALZE OF IT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FLAVONDERIVATEN

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION of NEW 5 - AND 6-GLIEDRIGER of HETERO-CYCLIC CONNECTIONS

GATE CIRCUIT FOR STOPPING OR STOPPING BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS

PHOTO-SENSITIVE PLATE, PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A PRESSURE PLATE AND A PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A NEW PHOTO-POLYMERIZE-CASH POLYMER

PYRROLOÄ2,3-BÜPYRIDINDERIVATE AS PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROXYLIERTER ISOFLAVONEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTING INDANONE

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF 4-ARYLDISUBSTITUIERTEN-1-TETRALONEN.

2,2-DIMETHYL-3 (2-HALOGEN-VINYL) CYCLOPROPANCARBONS|URE ESTER, PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND YOUR USE AS PESTICIDES.

PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ATHOCYANIDINEN AND NEW INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLI KETONEN.

(3.2.0) BICYCLOHEPTANON MORE OXIMAETHER, THE VALUABLE THERAPEUTIC CHARACTERISTICS POSSESSIONS.

Procedure for the production of new derivatives α (N' Piperazino substituted) - of the β-benzoylpropionsäure and their acid addition salts

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARYLPIPERAZINEN AS WELL AS YOUR SOUR ADDITION SALTS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW PHENYL BENZYLE KETONEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FLUORALKOXYPHENYL SUBSTITUTING NITROGEN HETERO CYCLES AND YOUR SALTS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW POLYENVERBINDUNGEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FLAVONDERIVATEN

CHINONVERBINDUNGEN FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES

SUBSTITUTED PHENYLVERBINDUNGEN

NAPHTHALINDERIVATE

Process for the preparation of halogenated benzoic acid derivatives

The present invention comprises a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid of the formula or of a salt thereof 3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid or salts thereof are versatile intermediates for the preparation of active pharmaceutical or agrochemical agents.

SUBSTITUTED CYCLOHEXANE-1, 3-DIONE COMPOUNDS, PROCESS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF AND ITS APPLICATIONS

A regio-selective and consecutive Michael-Claisen process has been developed for substituted cyclohexane-1,3-dione synthesis started from unsubstituted or substituted acetone and α,β-unsaturated esters. Substituted cyclohexane-1,3-diones are the basic unit found in several natural products, bioactive alkaloids and acridine dione type heterocycles, polyphenols, and unnatural amino acid synthesis. Most of the potent herbicidal and pesticidal active molecules contain cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives. Such an important intermediate synthesis using a facile, atom economy and one-pot process is a demandable area in organic synthesis. 6. The process as claimed in step (i) of claim 3 , wherein solvent used are selected from the group consisting of toluene claim 3 , tetrahydrofuran (THF) or benzene.7. The process as claimed in step (i) of claim 3 , wherein molar concentration of sodium hydride (NaH) base is 1.5 to 2 times the number of moles of the ketone.8. The process as claimed in step (ii) of claim 3 , wherein molar concentration of α claim 3 ,β-unsaturated ester is 1 to 2 times the number of moles of the ketone or substituted ketone.9. The process as claimed in step (v) of claim 3 , wherein solvent used for solvent extraction is selected from the group consisting of hexane claim 3 , ethyl acetate claim 3 , dichloromethane or chloroform.10. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said compounds are useful as an intermediate for the synthesis of several biological active heterocycles claim 1 , natural product analogues claim 1 , anisoles and aromatic poly phenol derivatives. The present invention relates to substituted cyclohexane-1,3-dione compounds of general formula Iwherein, R is selected from COY, B(OY), CHO, CHOY, CH(COY), PO(OY)and CONHZ, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, substituted alkyl, substituted alkenyl, cycloalkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted heteroaryl or tetrazolyl and Z is ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF HYDROXYACETONE OR PROPYLENE GLYCOL

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of the hydroxyacetone or 1,2 propylene glycol. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for preparation of hydroxyacetone or 1,2 propylene glycol by glycerol. Further, the said process is catalyzed by metal catalysts that results in 80 to 100% selectivity towards conversion of glycerol to hydroxyacetone (acetol) or 1,2 propylene glycol (1,2 PG). 118-. (canceled)19. A catalytic process for the conversion of glycerol to hydroxyacetone , with 80-100% selectivity , said process comprising the steps of ,a. charging glycerol, a solvent and a pre-reduced catalyst into an autoclave in the mole ratio in the range of 15-500,b. flushing the reaction mixture as obtained in step (a) with nitrogen;{'b': '11', 'c. pressurizing the reaction mixture as obtained in step (b) with nitrogen with pressure ranging between 6.8 to 100 bar followed by heating the reaction mixture at temperature in the range of 180° C.-240° C. for a period ranging between 1-9 hours with stirring speed in the range of 300-1700 rpm to get hydroxyacetone; (support from Page 6; line 1-2 and original claim )'}d. separating hydroxyacetone from reaction mixture as obtained in step (c) by fractional distillation to get pure hydroxyacetone.20. The process as claimed in claim 19 , wherein in step (a) the said catalysts are selected from the group Cu claim 19 , Cr claim 19 , Al claim 19 , Ba claim 19 , Zn claim 19 , Si claim 19 , Zr claim 19 , Mg or in combinations thereof.21. The process as claimed in claim 19 , wherein in step (a) the said solvents are selected from water claim 19 , alcohols claim 19 , preferably aliphatic alcohols claim 19 , alone or in combinations thereof.22. The process as claimed in or claim 19 , wherein in step (a) said catalysts are optionally nano size.23. The process as claimed in or claim 19 , wherein in step (a) said catalysts are recyclable.24. The process as claimed in or claim 19 , where the catalyst ...

Synthesis of High Caloric Fuels and Chemicals

In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

Method for Preparing Cyclic Ketones

A method for hydrogenating optionally substituted phenols with one hydroxyl group to cyclohexanones over modified, palladium-comprising supported catalysts. This is possible surprisingly in selected alcoholic solvents with high selectivity. Here it is even possible to recycle the catalysts employed, which hitherto has only been possible with considerable loss of selectivity. 1. A method for hydrogenating phenols with one hydroxyl group to cyclic ketones by reacting the phenols with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst in a solution comprising an aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic alcohol with at least three carbon atoms , wherein a supported catalyst comprising palladium is used , which has been treated prior to use with a neutral or basic salt , and/or wherein the hydrogenation takes place in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising palladium and a neutral or basic salt.2. The method as claimed in wherein the reaction takes place at temperatures of 80 to 250° C. claim 1 , preferably 120 to 250° C. claim 1 , particularly preferably at 90 to 200° C. and very particularly preferably at 100 to 180° C.3. The method as claimed in wherein the reaction takes place at a hydrogen pressure of 0.5 to 20 bar claim 1 , preferably 0.5 to 15 bar claim 1 , and particularly preferably at 1 to 10 bar.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a straight-chain or branched secondary or tertiary aliphatic alcohol with at least three carbon atoms claim 1 , particularly preferably a secondary or tertiary alcohol with three to eight carbon atoms claim 1 , is used as the aliphatic alcohol with at least three carbon atoms claim 1 , very particularly preferably an alcohol from the group consisting of isopropanol claim 1 , 2-butanol claim 1 , tert-butanol claim 1 , 2-pentanol claim 1 , 3-pentanol claim 1 , 2-methylbutan-2-ol claim 1 , 3-methylbutan-2-ol claim 1 , cyclopentanol claim 1 , cyclohexanol claim 1 , 2-methylpentan-2-ol claim 1 , 2-methylpentan-3-ol claim 1 , 3-methylpentan-2 ...

CATALYST AND PROCESS TO PRODUCE BRANCHED UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES

A continuous process and system for preparing branched aldehydes by reacting aldehyde with an acid polymeric catalyst absent any metal from Group VIII to produce a product having about 10 to 99.99% by weight branched unsaturated aldehyde and at least 92% selectivity of reaction to the branched aldehyde and recycling a portion of the product. 1. A continuous process for preparing branched unsaturated aldehydes comprising:{'sub': 'n', 'providing a feedstock with 5 to 99.9% by weight of a Caldehyde, wherein n is 3 to 8;'}contacting the feedstock with a resin, the resin having acid functional groups and absent any metal from Group VIII;{'sub': 2n', '2n, 'reacting the mixture with the resin to produce an exit stream having 5 to 99.99% by weight branched unsaturated Caldehyde and at least 92% selectivity of reaction to the branched unsaturated Caldehyde;'}{'sub': '2n', 'removing at least a portion of the branched unsaturated Caldehyde from the exit stream; and'}optionally recycling a portion of the exit stream to be reused in the feedstock.2. The process of wherein the resin comprises at least one of a macroporous resin and a gellular resin.3. The process of wherein the resin comprises a gellular resin having a particle size of 100 to 2000 μm and a particle size distribution that is either Gaussian or Unimodal or both claim 1 , and wherein the gellular resin is selected from the group consisting of polysulfonated resins claim 1 , monosulfonated resins claim 1 , and undersulfonated resins.4. The process of wherein the contacting comprises continuously feeding the feedstock into a reactor at a temperature of 40 to 200° C. and a pressure of 0.1 to 10 MPa.5. The process of wherein the resin comprises an acid polymeric heterogeneous catalyst.6. A system for preparing branched unsaturated aldehydes comprising:{'sub': 'n', 'a reactor that receives a feedstock with 5 to 99.9% by weight Caldehyde, wherein n is 3 to 8, at an inlet, the reactor having resin with acid functional ...

ENERGY EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES FROM ALKENES AND CARBON DIOXIDE

The problem addressed by the present invention is that of specifying a process for producing aldehydes which, compared with conventional hydroformylation, cuts CO, which utilises alternative sources of raw materials, and which has no need for a step of providing carbon monoxide. 1. A process for producing an aldehyde from an alkylene , the process comprising:a) photocatalytically dehydrogenating at least one alkane to obtain a mixture comprising at least one olefin and hydrogen;b) adding carbon dioxide and hydrogen to the mixture; andc) hydroformylating the olefin to at least one aldehyde.2. The process of claim 1 , whereinthe alkane is n-butane,the olefin is 1-butene, andthe aldehyde is valeraldehyde.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into water and carbon monoxide prior to the hydroformylating.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into water and carbon monoxide is performed by a reverse water gas shift reaction.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into water and carbon monoxide and the hydroformylating are performed in a conjoint reactor claim 3 , over a conjoint catalyst claim 3 , or both in a conjoint reactor and over a conjoint catalyst.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic dehydrogenating claim 1 , the hydroformylating claim 1 , or both claim 1 , are performed by contacting a reactant with an immobilized catalyst.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst is immobilized using an ionic liquid.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst used for the photocatalytically dehydrogenating is supported by a porous glass.9. The process of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst for the hydroformylating is a multinuclear ruthenium complex.10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding at least one salt during the hydroformylating.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic dehydrogenating is ...

PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF 4'-[3-[4-(6-FLUORO-1,2-BENZISOXAZOL-3-YL)PIPERIDINO]PROPOXY]-3'-METHOXYACETOPHENONE AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF

The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of 4′-[3-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidino]propoxy]-3′-methoxyacetophenone and intermediates thereof. The present invention also provides a process for purifying 4′-[3-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidino]propoxy]-3′-methoxyacetophenone to obtain the purity greater than about 98.0 area % to about 99.0 area % as measured by HPLC, preferably greater than about 99.0 area % to about 99.5 area %, more preferably greater about 99.5 area % to about 99.9 area %. individual impurities lower than about 0.15 area %, preferably lower than about 0.1% and total impurities lower than about 0.5 area % by HPLC. 130-. (canceled)32. A process of claim 31 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of collin's reagent claim 31 , pyridinium dichromate claim 31 , pyridinium chlorochromate claim 31 , pyridinium chlorochromate on alumina claim 31 , DMSO-DCC claim 31 , DMSO-acetic anhydride or mixtures thereof claim 31 , preferably DMSO-DCC or DMSO-acetic anhydride.33. A process of claim 31 , wherein the solvent used optionally is selected from the group consisting of water claim 31 , halogenated solvents like dichloromethane claim 31 , ethylene dichloride claim 31 , chloroform claim 31 , chlorobenzene claim 31 , esters like ethyl acetate claim 31 , isopropyl acetate claim 31 , tertiary butyl acetate hydrocarbon solvents like n-heptane claim 31 , cyclohexane claim 31 , n-hexane claim 31 , toluene claim 31 , xylene claim 31 , ethers like tetrahydrofuran claim 31 , 1 claim 31 ,4-dioxane claim 31 , aprotic polar solvents like N claim 31 ,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) claim 31 , dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) claim 31 , N claim 31 ,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) claim 31 , N-methyl pyrrlolidine (NMP) or mixtures thereof claim 31 , preferably water or halogenated solvent.34. The process of claim 31 , wherein the reaction is carried out optionally in the presence of an acid.36. A process of claim 35 , ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OPTICALLY ACTIVE 4-CHLORO-3-HYDROXYBUTANAL COMPOUND

The invention relates to a method of producing optically active 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanal compound (2) by reacting chloroacetaldehyde with aldehyde compound (1) in the presence of optically active pyrrolidine compound (5). 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out in a solvent containing an organic solvent.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ris not a hydrogen atom claim 1 , and the reaction is carried out in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent selected from an alcohol solvent claim 1 , an ether solvent claim 1 , a nitrile solvent and an aprotic polar solvent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ris a hydroxyl group.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ris a hydroxyl group claim 1 , and Arand Arare each independently a phenyl group optionally having C-Cfluorinated alkyl group(s).6. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ris a hydroxyl group claim 1 , and Arand Arare both 3 claim 1 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups. The present invention relates to a production method of a 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanal compound.An optically active compound represented by the formula (2)wherein each symbol is as defined below, is known to be useful as an intermediate for producing a medicament, a pesticide and the like, since it can be converted to, for example, an optically active hexahydrofurofuranol derivative.Concerning a production method of an optically active compound represented by the formula (2), non-patent document 1 discloses that an optically active 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanal can be obtained, for example, by reacting chloroacetaldehyde with propanal in the presence of an enzyme.The aim of the present invention is to provide a new method capable of producing an optically active compound represented by the formula (2) without using an enzyme.Under the circumstances, the present inventors have studied a new production method of an optically active compound represented by the formula (2) without using an enzyme, and found that a reaction in the ...

Method for tiered production of biobased chemicals and biofuels from lignin

The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

Multihydric Compound Dehydration Systems, Catalyst Compositions, and Methods

The present disclosure relates to facilities, systems, methods and/or catalysts for use in chemical production. In particular, the disclosure provides innovations relating to dehydration of multihydric compounds such as glycerol to form acrolein. Some of these innovations include continuous reaction systems as well as system parameters that allow for long term production. 1. A production facility for conducting a chemically synthetic dehydration process , the facility comprising a reaction zone in fluid communication with both a reactant reservoir and a product reservoir , the reaction zone containing a phosphorous-comprising catalyst , and the facility configured to cyclically produce dehydration product and regenerate the reaction zone , the production of the dehydration product comprising exposing reactant from the reactant reservoir to the catalyst within the reaction zone to form the dehydration product at a production rate , and the regenerating the reaction zone comprising returning the reaction zone to produce the dehydration product at a rate of at least 70% of the production rate.2. The production facility of wherein the catalyst comprises phosphate.3. The production facility of wherein the catalyst comprises at least one or more metals from groups 2-12 of the periodic table.4. The production facility of wherein the catalyst comprises a silica support.5. The production facility of wherein the catalyst comprises a fumed silica support.6. The production facility of wherein the exposing the reactant to the catalyst within the reaction zone forms carbon byproduct within the reaction zone and/or a conduit exiting the reaction zone claim 1 , the regenerating removing at least a portion of the carbon byproduct from the reaction zone and/or the conduit.7. The production facility of wherein the carbon byproduct comprises soft carbon byproducts which can be removed by combustion below about 400° C.8. The production facility of wherein the carbon byproduct comprises ...

Compounds and methods for kinase modulation, and indications therefor

Compounds active on protein kinases are described, as well as methods of using such compounds to treat diseases and conditions associated with aberrant activity of protein kinases.

Dehydrogenation of alkanols to increase yield of aromatics

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product.

Novel ruthenium complexes and their uses in processes for formation and/or hydrogenation of esters, amides and derivatives thereof

The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium catalysts and related borohydride complexes, and the use of such catalysts, inter alia, for (1) hydrogenation of amides (including polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (2) preparing amides from alcohols with amines (including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or by polymerization of amino alcohols); (3) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones) or polyesters); (4) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols and hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (5) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (6) hydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (8) acylation of alcohols using esters; (9) coupling of alcohols with water to form carboxylic acids; and (10) dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines. The present invention further relates to the novel uses of certain pyridine Ruthenium catalysts.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING PSEUDOIONONE

Use of pure lanthanum oxide which is obtained by calcination of oxygen-containing lanthanum salts at temperatures of at least 700° C. as heterogeneous catalyst in the aldol condensation of citral and acetone to give pseudoionone, and process for the preparation of pseudoionone by aldol condensation of citral and acetone in the liquid phase using pure lanthanum oxide. 1. The use of pure lanthanum oxide which is obtained by calcination of oxygen-containing lanthanum salts at temperatures of at least 700° C. as heterogeneous catalyst in the aldol condensation of citral and acetone to give pseudoionone.2. A process for the preparation of pseudoionone by aldol condensation of citral and acetone in the liquid phase , characterized in that pure lanthanum oxide which is obtained by calcination of oxygen-containing lanthanum salts at temperatures of at least 700° C. is used as heterogeneous catalyst. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of pseudoionone and the catalysts used therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to the preparation of pseudoionone from citral (E/Z-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al) and acetone in liquid phase with a heterogeneous catalyst, where the catalyst is lanthanum oxide that has been treated and/or prepared in a particular way. The invention also relates to the lanthanum oxide catalyst produced in this way.Pseudoionone (6,10-dimethyl-3,5,9-undecatrien-2-one) has juvenile hormone activity and is an important intermediate in the manufacture of vitamin A and E, carotenoids and fragrances. It is obtained primarily by the base-catalyzed aldol reaction of citral with acetone and the elimination of water, i.e. aldol condensation. The use of heterogeneous catalysts, particularly on inert supports, is advantageous since they can be easily separated off from the reaction medium and, optionally after regeneration, can be reused several times.WO 2003/047747 and WO 2003/047748 (publ. Jun. 12, 2003) describe metal oxide ...

Catalytic process for converting carbon dioxide to a liquid fuel or platform chemical

A process for converting carbon dioxide to liquid fuels for a liquid fuel composition and/or a platform chemical composition. In this conversion process carbon dioxide is adsorbed to a catalyst composition, and reacted with hydrogen to form oxygenated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen for use in the process can be generated in situ or ex situ. The process can be carried out in a fully carbon neutral manner.

Method for Producing Fluorine-Containing Substituted Compound and Fluorine-Containing Substituted Compound

A method for producing a fluorine-containing substituted compound, the method including: introducing an organofluorine compound and an organolithium compound into a microreactor provided with a flow path capable of mixing a plurality of liquids, to thereby obtain a reaction product; and introducing, into the microreactor, the reaction product and an electrophile exhibiting electrophilic effect on the reaction product, to thereby obtain a fluorine-containing substituted compound. 1. A method for producing a fluorine-containing substituted compound , the method comprising:introducing an organofluorine compound and an organolithium compound into a microreactor provided with a flow path capable of mixing a plurality of liquids, to thereby obtain a reaction product; andintroducing, into the microreactor, the reaction product and an electrophile exhibiting electrophilic effect on the reaction product, to thereby obtain a fluorine-containing substituted compound.2. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the organofluorine compound is a fluoroalkyl halide having 6 carbon atoms, and {'br': None, 'i': T≦−', 't−, '3.848.'}, 'wherein a temperature T (° C.) inside the microreactor into which the organofluorine compound and the organolithium compound have been introduced and a residence time t (sec) thereof in the microreactor satisfy the following relation3. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the organofluorine compound is a fluoroalkyl halide having 2 carbon atoms, andwherein a temperature T (° C.) inside the microreactor into which the organofluorine compound and the organolithium compound have been introduced and a residence time t (sec) thereof in the microreactor satisfy the relations −100≦T≦0 and 0.15≦t≦8.4, respectively.4. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the organofluorine compound is a fluoroalkyl halide having 3 carbon atoms, and {'br': None, 'i': T≦−', 't−, '3.245.'}, 'wherein a temperature T (° C.) inside the microreactor into which the organofluorine ...

Compositions and processes of preparing and using the same

The present invention relates to compositions, for example, the DBU/Hexafluoroacetone hydrate salt, and processes of preparing and using the same for the modification of chemical compounds via the release of trifluoroacetate. The DBU/Hexafluoroacetone hydrate salt can perform trifluoromethylation reactions on chemical compounds, such as carbonyl group-containing compounds.

Process for the preparation of menthol

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (D,L-menthol) via the hydrogenation of thymol to menthone and subsequent further hydrogenation to give D,L-menthol.

METHOD FOR PREPARING MENTHONE FROM ISOPULEGOL

The present invention relates to a method for preparing menthone, starting from isopulegol, using specific homogeneous catalysts. 113.-. (canceled)14. A method for preparing menthone starting from isopulegol , wherein a dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the liquid phase using a homogeneously dissolved catalyst C comprising at least one metal atom from group 8 , 9 or 10 of the periodic table (IUPAC).15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the catalyst C comprises ruthenium or iridium.16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the catalyst C comprises at least one phosphine ligand.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the catalyst C claim 16 , in addition to having at least one phosphine ligand claim 16 , has at least one further ligand L which is selected from the group consisting of CO claim 16 , hydrido claim 16 , aliphatic olefins claim 16 , cyclic olefins claim 16 , carbocyclic aromatic systems claim 16 , heteroaromatic systems claim 16 , aldehydes claim 16 , ketones claim 16 , halides claim 16 , C-C-alkanoate claim 16 , methylsulfonate claim 16 , methylsulfate claim 16 , trifluoromethylsulfate claim 16 , tosylate claim 16 , mesylate claim 16 , cyanide claim 16 , isocyanate claim 16 , cyanate claim 16 , thiocyanate claim 16 , hydroxide claim 16 , C-C-alkoxide claim 16 , cyclopentadienide claim 16 , pentamethylcyclopentadienide and pentabenzylcyclopentadienide.18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the catalyst C is selected from among the compounds:{'sub': 3', '4', '2, '[Ru(PR)(H)] (R=methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, phenyl, tolyl, mesityl),'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, '[Ru(PR)(H)(CO)] (R=methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, phenyl, tolyl, mesityl),'}{'sub': 3', '3, '[Ru(PR)(H)(Cl)(CO)] (R=methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, phenyl, tolyl, mesityl),'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, '[Ru(PR)(Cl)(CO)] (R=methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, phenyl, tolyl, mesityl),'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, '[Ru(PR)(Cl)] (R=methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl ...

SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLINES AND INTERMEDIATES THERETO

The tetracycline class of antibiotics has played a major role in the treatment of infectious diseases for the past 50 years. However, the increased use of the tetracyclines in human and veterinary medicine has led to resistance among many organisms previously susceptible to tetracycline antibiotics. The recent development of a modular synthesis of tetracycline analogs through a chiral enone intermediate has allowed for the efficient synthesis of novel tetracycline analogs never prepared before. The present invention provides more efficient routes for preparing the enone intermediate and allows for substituents at positions 4a, 5, 5a, and 12a of the tetracycline ring system. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , —OR claim 1 , or Calkyl.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , —OR claim 1 , or Calkyl.4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris —N(R)or —OR.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris —OR.6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris Calkyl.7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris —N(R).8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris substituted or unsubstituted alkyl claim 1 , —OR claim 1 , or halogen.9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris —ORor —N(R). The present application is a continuation of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. Application, U.S. Ser. No. 13/266,788, filed Jan. 11, 2012, which is a national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 of international PCT application, PCT/US2010/001284, filed Apr. 30, 2010, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. provisional patent applications, U.S. Ser. No. 61/174,185, filed Apr. 30, 2009, and U.S. Ser. No. 61/322,613, filed Apr. 9, 2010, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.This invention was made with U.S. Government support under grant R01 AI048825 and predoctoral fellowship GM007598-30 awarded by the National ...

HYDROGENATION OF OXYGENATED MOLECULES FROM BIOMASS REFINING

The present disclosure relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules. 1103-. (canceled)104. A method for producing 2-butanone and a conversion product , the method comprising:dehydrogenating 2-butanol to yield 2-butanone, thereby releasing hydrogen;using hydrogen released from the dehydrogenating in a conversion reaction, wherein the conversion reaction converts a biomass-derived molecule to a conversion product; andrecovering 2-butanone and the conversion product.105. The method of claim 104 , wherein the biomass-derived molecule is derived from lignocellulosic biomass.106. The method of claim 105 , wherein the biomass-derived molecule is selected from a saccharide claim 105 , a dehydrated saccharide claim 105 , a halodehydrated saccharide claim 105 , a dehydrated and partially-hydrogenated saccharide claim 105 , and a hydrogenated saccharide claim 105 , or a combination thereof.107. The method of claim 104 , wherein the biomass-derived molecule is selected from a monosaccharide claim 104 , an oligosaccharide claim 104 , furfural claim 104 , halofurfural claim 104 , methyl furfural claim 104 , furfuryl alcohol claim 104 , methyl furfuryl alcohol claim 104 , (methoxymethyl)-methyl furfural claim 104 , hydroxymethylfurfural claim 104 , 2-methylfuran claim 104 , dimethylfuran claim 104 , 2 claim 104 ,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan claim 104 , 5-hydroxymethyl-2-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl] furan claim 104 , 2-methyl-5[(1-methylmethoxy)methyl] furan claim 104 , bis(1-methoxyethoxy)-methyl furan claim 104 , tetrahydrofuran claim 104 , levoglucosenone claim 104 , 1 claim 104 ,2 claim 104 ,6-hexanetriol claim 104 , 1 claim 104 ,2 claim 104 ,5-pentanetriol claim 104 , 1 claim 104 ,2 claim 104 ,4-butanetriol claim 104 , 2 claim 104 ,4-dihydroxy butanoic acid claim 104 , 2 claim 104 ,4-hydroxybutanoic acid claim 104 , succinic acid claim 104 , malic acid claim 104 , ...

CATALYSTS

An asymmetric complex of formula (I) 2. A complex as claimed in being a racemic anti isomer.3. A complex as claimed in wherein Ar and Ar′ are different.4. A complex as claimed in wherein Rand R are methyl.5. A complex as claimed in wherein Ris H and/or wherein R is methoxy.6. A complex as claimed in wherein Ris methyl and/or R is tBu.11. A catalyst comprising (i) an asymmetric complex of formula (I) as claimed inand (ii) a cocatalyst comprising a compound of a group 13 metal.12. A catalyst as claimed in obtainable by a process in which(a) a liquid/liquid emulsion system is formed, said liquid/liquid emulsion system comprising a solution of the catalyst components (i) and (ii) dispersed in a solvent so as to form dispersed droplets; and(b) solid particles are formed by solidifying said dispersed droplets.13. A process for the manufacture of a catalyst as claimed in comprising obtaining a complex of formula (I) and a cocatalyst as hereinbefore described;forming a liquid/liquid emulsion system, which comprises a solution of catalyst components (i) and (ii) dispersed in a solvent, and solidifying said dispersed droplets to form solid particles.14. A process for the polymerisation of at least one olefin comprising reacting said at least one olefin with a catalyst as claimed in . This invention relates to new asymmetrical bisindenyl complexes and catalysts comprising those complexes. The invention also relates to the use of the new bisindenyl metallocene catalysts for the production of polypropylene with high molecular weight at good activity levels.Metallocene catalysts have been used to manufacture polyolefins for many years. Countless academic and patent publications describe the use of these catalysts in olefin polymerisation. Metallocenes are now used industrially and polyethylenes and polypropylenes in particular are often produced using cyclopentadienyl based catalyst systems with different substitution patterns.The present inventors sought new metallocenes, which ...

CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACROLEIN AND/OR ACRYLIC ACID BY DEHYDRATION REACTION OF GLYCERIN

A catalyst composition comprising at least an heteropolyacid deposited on a porous titania carrier. 126-. (canceled)27. A process for preparing acrolein by dehydration of glycerin , carried out in the presence of a catalyst , wherein the catalyst composition comprising at least an heteropolyacid in which protons in the hetropolyacid may be partially exchanged by at least one cation selected from elements belonging to Group 1 to Group 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements that have been deposited on a porous titania carrier.29. The process of claim 27 , in which said titania carrier comprises rutile or anatase or amorphous titanium oxide.30. The process of claim 27 , in which said titania earner comprises at least 80% anatase.31. The process of claim 27 , in which said cation is at least one alkali metal cation.32. The process of claim 27 , in which said alkali metal is cesium.33. The process of claim 28 , in which said compound contains at least one element selected from the group comprising W claim 28 , Mo and V.34. A process for preparing acrolein by dehydration of glycerin claim 28 , carried out in the presence of a catalyst claim 28 , wherein the catalyst is prepared according to a method for preparing a catalyst composition comprising impregnating a titania carrier with a solution of at least one metal selected from elements belonging to the Group 1 to Group 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements or onium claim 28 , drying and firing the resulting solid mixture claim 28 , secondly impregnating the resulting solid mixture with a solution of heteropolyacid claim 28 , drying claim 28 , and firing the resulting solid mixture.35. A process for preparing acrolein by dehydration of glycerin claim 28 , carried out in the presence of a catalyst claim 28 , wherein the catalyst is prepared according to a method for preparing a catalyst composition comprising impregnating a titania carrier with a solution of heteropolyacid claim 28 , drying and firing the resulting solid ...

DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST, AND CARBONYL COMPOUND AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD USING SAID CATALYST

Objects of the present invention are to provide a novel dehydrogenation reaction catalyst, to provide a method that can produce a ketone, an aldehyde, and a carboxylic acid with high efficiency from an alcohol, and to provide a method for efficiently producing hydrogen from an alcohol, formic acid, or a formate, and they are accomplished by a catalyst containing an organometallic compound of Formula (1). 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is an alcohol.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is formic acid or a formate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein L is an aquo ligand.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 1 , and M is iridium.6. A dehydrogenation catalyst comprising an organometallic compound of Formula (1) claim 1 , wherein it is for use in the method according to .7. A method for producing a carbonyl compound claim 1 , wherein an alcohol is dehydrogenated by use of the dehydrogenation method according to to produce a corresponding carbonyl compound.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the carbonyl compound is a ketone or an aldehyde.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the alcohol is a primary alcohol claim 7 , the carbonyl compound is a carboxylic acid claim 7 , and a solvent comprising water is used.10. A method for producing hydrogen claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is prepared by dehydrogenation of an alcohol claim 1 , a mixture containing an alcohol and water claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , or a formate using the dehydrogenation method according to .12. The organometallic compound according to claim 11 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 11 , and M is iridium.14. The organometallic compound according to claim 13 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 13 , and M is iridium.15. A method for dehydrogenating an oxygen-containing ...

SILVER CATALYST SYSTEM HAVING A REDUCED PRESSURE DROP FOR THE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALCOHOLS

The invention relates to a silver-comprising catalyst system for the preparation of aldehydes and/or ketones by oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols, in particular the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to form formaldehyde, comprising a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer, wherein the first catalyst layer consists of a silver-comprising material in the form of balls of wire, gauzes or knitteds having a weight per unit area of from 0.3 to 10 kg/mand a wire diameter of from 30 to 200 μm and the second catalyst layer consists of a silver-comprising material in the form of granular material having an average particle size of from 0.5 to 5 mm and the two catalyst layers are in direct contact with one another. The invention further relates to a corresponding process for the preparation of aldehydes and/or ketones, in particular of formaldehyde, by oxidative dehydrogenation of corresponding alcohols over a silver-comprising catalyst system. 112.-. (canceled)14. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer A has a weight per unit area in the range from 0.3 to 3 kg/mfor the entire catalyst layer A.15. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer A has a wire diameter in the range from 30 μm to 150 μm.16. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the balls of wire claim 13 , gauzes and knitteds of the catalyst layer A consist of wires which are silver-comprising fibers or threads having an essentially circular cross section.17. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer B has an average particle size in the range from 0.75 mm to 4 mm.18. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer A has a silver content of >98% by weight. ...

USE OF METAL-ACCUMULATING PLANTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CATALYSTS THAT CAN BE USED IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

A method of implementing organic synthesis reactions uses a composition containing a metal catalyst originating from a calcined plant. The plants can be from the Brassicaceae, Sapotaceae and Convolvulaceae family, and the metal catalyst contains metal in the M(II) form such as zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, cadmium, calcium, magnesium or copper. Examples of the organic synthesis reactions include halogenations, electrophilic reactions, cycloadditions, transesterification reactions and coupling reactions, among others. 1. A method for the implementation of an organic synthesis reaction , comprising: [{'sup': 2+', '2+', '3+', '+', '+, 'wherein said at least one metal in the M(II) form is selected from the group consisting of zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn), said metal in the M(II) form having been accumulated by the plant during its growth in a soil containing said metal and at least one cationic species selected from the group consisting of MgCa, Fe, Na and K which have not been accumulated by said plant but are physiologically present in said plant and originate from the latter; and'}, 'bringing the composition into contact with at least one chemical compound capable of reacting with said composition., 'providing a composition comprising at least one metal catalyst containing a metal in the M(II) form, said metal originating from a calcined plant or calcined plant part, said composition having been acid treated,'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic synthesis reaction is selected from halogenations claim 1 , electrophilic aromatic reactions in series claim 1 , synthesis of 3 claim 1 ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one or 3 claim 1 ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione claim 1 , cycloaddition reactions claim 1 , transesterification reactions claim 1 , catalyst synthesis reactions for coupling or hydrogenation reactions after reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(0) claim 1 , synthesis of amino acid or oxime developers claim 1 , and hydrolysis of sulphur- ...

Cyclohexenone Compositions and Process for Making Thereof

Provided herein are processes of preparing cyclohexenone compounds useful for cancer treatments and/or diseases. 120-. (canceled)221. The process of claim , wherein X is an oxygen , Y is an oxygen.231. The process of claim , wherein each of R , Rand Rindependently is H , methyl , ethyl , propyl , butyl , pentyl or hexyl.25. The process of claim 24 , wherein X is an oxygen claim 24 , Y is an oxygen.26. The process of claim 24 , wherein each of R claim 24 , Rand Rindependently is H claim 24 , methyl claim 24 , ethyl claim 24 , propyl claim 24 , butyl claim 24 , pentyl or hexyl.27. The process of claim 21 , wherein said base is a lithium salt.28. The process of claim 27 , wherein said lithium salt is n-butyllithium.29. The process of claim 24 , wherein said enolate compound is prepared under basic conditions.30. The process of claim 24 , wherein said enol compound is prepared under acidic conditions.31. The process of claim 24 , wherein Ris an acyclic or cyclic acetal claim 24 , acyclic or cylic ketal claim 24 , dithio acetal claim 24 , dithio ketal claim 24 , cyclic dithio acetal claim 24 , cyclic dithio ketal claim 24 , substituted hydrazone claim 24 , oxime claim 24 , oxime derivative claim 24 , or oxazolidine.33. The compound of claim 32 , wherein R is a hydrogen claim 32 , C(═O)CH claim 32 , C(═O)CH claim 32 , or C(═O)CH34. The compound of claim 32 , wherein each of R claim 32 , Rand Rindependently is hydrogen claim 32 , methyl claim 32 , ethyl claim 32 , propyl claim 32 , butyl claim 32 , pentyl claim 32 , hexyl claim 32 , heptyl claim 32 , or octyl optionally substituted with a aryl or heteroaryl.35. The compound of claim 34 , wherein each of R claim 34 , and Ris methyl substituted with phenyl.36. The compound of claim 32 , wherein Ris halogen claim 32 , NH claim 32 , NHCH claim 32 , N(CH) claim 32 , OCH claim 32 , OCH claim 32 , C(═O)CH claim 32 , C(═O)CH claim 32 , C(═O)OCH claim 32 , C(═O)OCH claim 32 , C(═O)NHCH claim 32 , C(═O)NHCH claim 32 , C(═O)NH claim ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE

An apparatus for the production of formaldehyde is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a cooled tubular reactor section () having a first inlet, a first outlet and a plurality of tubes each having a first end in fluid communication with the first inlet and a second end in fluid communication with the first outlet. The plurality of tubes contain a first catalyst for the production of formaldehyde by oxidative dehydrogenation. The apparatus is characterised in that the apparatus further comprises a pre-reactor section (). The pre-reactor section () has an inlet. The pre-reactor section () has an outlet in fluid communication with the first inlet of the cooled tubular reactor section (). The pre-reactor section () is configured to contain, in use, an adiabatic catalyst bed. The adiabatic catalyst bed comprises a second catalyst for the production of formaldehyde by catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation. 1. An apparatus for the production of formaldehyde , the apparatus comprisinga cooled tubular reactor section having a first inlet, a first outlet, and a plurality of tubes each having a first end in fluid communication with the first inlet and a second end in fluid communication with the first outlet, the plurality of tubes configured to contain, in use, a first catalyst for the production of formaldehyde by catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation,a pre-reactor section having an inlet, and having an outlet in fluid communication with the first inlet of the cooled tubular reactor section, the pre-reactor section being configured to contain, in use, an adiabatic catalyst bed comprising a second catalyst for the production of formaldehyde by catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the cooled tubular reactor section further comprises a shell surrounding the plurality of tubes and having at least one second inlet and at least one second outlet for passing heat transfer fluid through the shell in use.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 ...

SYNTHESIS OF HIGH CALORIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS

In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc. 137-. (canceled)39. The method of where Rand Rare hydrogen and the formula I is ketene claim 38 , and the ketene is prepared from acetic acid.40. The method of where the ketene self-addition product is diketene.41. (canceled)42. The method of where the acetic acid is prepared by the carbonylation of methanol and the methanol prepared from synthesis gas.4365-. (canceled)6667-. (canceled)68. The method of claim 38 , wherein the metal catalyst is a transition metal.69. The method of claim 68 , wherein the metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a copper catalyst claim 68 , a nickel catalyst and a zinc catalyst claim 68 , or a mixture of copper claim 68 , nickel and zinc catalyst.70. The method of claim 40 , wherein hydrogenating the diketene forms a beta-butyrolactone intermediate which is hydrogenated to form 1-butanol and 2-butanol or mixtures thereof.7172-. (canceled)73. The method of claim 38 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a copper chromite based catalyst claim 38 , a copper oxide zinc oxide based catalyst claim 38 , a nickel on alumina based catalyst and a ruthenium based catalyst claim 38 , or mixtures thereof. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 13/672,568 filed Nov. 8, 2012 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/558,321 filed Nov. 10, 2011 entitled “Synthesis of Higher Alcohols”, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/577,903 filed Dec. 20, 2011 ...

Synthesis of fuels and feedstocks

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for making fuels and feedstocks from readily available alcohol starting materials. In some embodiments, the method concerns converting alcohols to carbonyl-containing compounds and then condensing such carbonyl-containing compounds together to form oligomerized species. These oligomerized species can then be reduced using by-products from the conversion of the alcohol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises converting saturated, oligomerized, carbonyl-containing compounds to aliphatic fuels.

Process for preparing cyclododecanone

Cyclododecanone (CDON) is prepared by epoxidizing cyclododecene (CDEN) to epoxycyclododecane (CDAN epoxide), and rearranging the CDAN epoxide to CDON to obtain a mixture comprising said CDON and CDEN, wherein CDEN is separated from the CDON-containing mixture and sent to the epoxidation to CDAN epoxide in step a.

Method for producing butadiene from ethanol with optimised in situ regeneration of the catalyst of the second reaction step

The present invention relates to a process for producing butadiene from ethanol, in two reaction steps, comprising a step a) of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde and a step b) of conversion into butadiene, said step b) simultaneously implementing a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being equal to 4 or a multiple thereof, comprising a catalyst, said regeneration step comprising four successive regeneration phases, said step b) also implementing three regeneration loops.

COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS INHIBITORS OF ATR KINASE

The present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of ATR protein kinase. The invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of this invention; methods of treating of various diseases, disorders, and conditions using the compounds of this invention; processes for preparing the compounds of this invention; intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of this invention; and solid forms of the compounds of this invention. 1121-. (canceled)123. The process of claim 122 , wherein suitable conditions for forming the amide bond comprise reacting the compound of formula 30 with the compound of formula 25 in the presence of an amide coupling partner claim 122 , an aprotic solvent claim 122 , and a base.124. The compound of claim 123 , wherein the aprotic solvent is independently selected from NMP claim 123 , DMF claim 123 , or tetrahydrofuran.125. The process of claim 124 , wherein the aprotic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.126. The process of claim 123 , wherein the base is an aliphatic amine.127. The process of claim 126 , wherein the base is DIPEA.128. The process of claim 123 , wherein the amide coupling partner is independently selected from CDI claim 123 , TBTU claim 123 , or TCTU.129. The process of claim 128 , wherein the amide coupling partner is TCTU.130. The process of claim 128 , wherein the amide coupling partner is CDI.131. The process of claim 122 , wherein suitable deprotection conditions comprise reacting the compound of formula 28 with an acid in the presence of a solvent.132. The process of claim 131 , wherein the acid is HCl.133. The process of claim 131 , wherein the solvent is 1 claim 131 ,4-dioxane.134. The process of claim 122 , wherein the suitable conditions for forming the amide bond comprise reacting the compound of formula 6a* with the compound of formula 27 in an aprotic solvent under heat.135. The process of claim 134 , wherein the aprotic solvent is independently selected from NMP claim ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BUTADIENE FROM ETHANOL WITH IN SITU REGENERATION OF THE CATALYST OF THE SECOND REACTION STEP

The present invention relates to a process for producing butadiene from ethanol, in two reaction steps, comprising a step a) of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde and a step b) of conversion into butadiene, said step b) simultaneously implementing a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being equal to 2 or a multiple thereof, comprising a catalyst, said regeneration step comprising four successive regeneration phases, said step b) also implementing a regeneration loop for the inert gas and at least one regeneration loop for the gas streams comprising oxygen. 1. A process for producing butadiene from ethanol , comprising at least the following steps:a) a step of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde, to produce an ethanol/acetaldehyde effluent, comprising at least one reaction section (A) fed with a stream comprising ethanol and operated in the presence of a catalyst (Ca);b) a butadiene conversion step comprising at least one reaction-regenerative section in which are simultaneously performed a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being an integer equal to 2 or a multiple thereof, said (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors each comprising at least one fixed bed of a catalyst (Cb), said (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors functioning in parallel and in sequence so that said reaction step starts in each of said reactors with a time shift equal to half of the catalytic cycle time of said catalyst (Cb), said reaction-regenerative section comprising a regeneration loop for inert gas and at least one regeneration loop for a gas stream comprising oxygen, and so that, at each instant:b1) said reaction step is operated in n of said fixed-bed reactors, n being an integer equal to 2 or a multiple thereof, fed at least with a fraction of said ethanol/acetaldehyde effluent obtained from step a), at a temperature of between 300 and 400° C., at a pressure of between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa, for a time equal to the catalytic cycle time of said ...

Treatment of quarry liquid effluent

Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid material including manganese, the method including the following steps: a. bringing into contact an aqueous effluent including manganese, for example at least 5 mg/L, typically at least 5 to 50 mg/L, and preferably 7 to 25 mg/L of manganese, with an oxidizing agent, manganese, preferably at a temperature between 10° C. and 50° C., and obtaining an oxidized aqueous solution; b. adding a base to the oxidized aqueous solution obtained at the end of step a) until a pH of between 8 and 12, preferably greater than 9, and preferably from 9 to 10.5, and obtaining a solution including a precipitate; c. filtration of the solution obtained at the end of step b); and d. obtaining a solid material including manganese, and especially manganese (IV) and/or Mn (III).

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CYCLOHEXANONE COMPOUND

The invention has an object of providing an economical and highly efficient process for producing a cyclohexanone compound such as cyclohexanone. An aspect of the invention resides in a process for producing a cyclohexanone compound by performing hydrogenation reaction of a phenol compound in a gas phase in the presence of a palladium catalyst supported on a carrier to produce the corresponding cyclohexanone compound, wherein the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one nitrogen compound selected from ammonia, amine compounds and heteroaromatic compounds. 1. A process for producing a cyclohexanone compound by performing hydrogenation reaction of a phenol compound in a gas phase in the presence of a palladium catalyst supported on a carrier to produce the corresponding cyclohexanone compound , wherein the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one nitrogen compound selected from ammonia , amine compounds and heteroaromatic compounds.2. A process for producing cyclohexanone by performing hydrogenation reaction of phenol in a gas phase in the presence of a palladium catalyst supported on a carrier to produce the cyclohexanone , wherein the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one nitrogen compound selected from ammonia , amine compounds and heteroaromatic compounds.3. The process for producing cyclohexanone according to claim 2 , wherein the nitrogen compound is free from a structure formed by the bonding of a hydrogen atom to a nitrogen atom.4. The process for producing cyclohexanone according to claim 3 , wherein the nitrogen compound is an amine compound having a tertiary amine structure.5. The process for producing cyclohexanone according to claim 4 , wherein the nitrogen compound is composed solely of hydrogen claim 4 , carbon and nitrogen atoms.6. The process for producing cyclohexanone according to claim 2 , wherein the nitrogen compound is the nitrogen compound attached to the ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING STYRENE

The invention relates to a process for producing styrene, comprising reacting benzene and acetic acid into methyl phenyl ketone and converting the methyl phenyl ketone into styrene. Preferably, the methyl phenyl ketone is converted into styrene by converting the methyl phenyl ketone into methyl phenyl carbinol and converting the methyl phenyl carbinol into styrene. 1. A process for producing styrene , comprising reacting benzene and acetic acid into methyl phenyl ketone and converting the methyl phenyl ketone into styrene.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the methyl phenyl ketone is converted into styrene by converting the methyl phenyl ketone into methyl phenyl carbinol and converting the methyl phenyl carbinol into styrene.3. A process according to claim 1 , additionally comprising:converting a mixture comprising ethylbenzene hydroperoxide and propylene into a mixture comprising propylene oxide, methyl phenyl carbinol and methyl phenyl ketone,separating propylene oxide from the mixture comprising propylene oxide, methyl phenyl carbinol and methyl phenyl ketone resulting in a mixture comprising methyl phenyl carbinol and methyl phenyl ketone,converting the mixture comprising methyl phenyl carbinol and methyl phenyl ketone into a mixture comprising styrene and methyl phenyl ketone,separating methyl phenyl ketone from the mixture comprising styrene and methyl phenyl ketone,converting the separated methyl phenyl ketone into methyl phenyl carbinol and combining said methyl phenyl carbinol with the mixture comprising methyl phenyl carbinol and methyl phenyl ketone resulting from separating propylene oxide from the mixture comprising propylene oxide, methyl phenyl carbinol and methyl phenyl ketone,wherein the methyl phenyl ketone resulting from the reaction of benzene with acetic acid is combined with the methyl phenyl ketone separated from the mixture comprising styrene and methyl phenyl ketone.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the acetic acid and/or ...

1,3-DI-OXO-INDENE DERIVATIVE, PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT OR OPTICAL ISOMER THEREOF, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING SAME AS AN ANTIVIRAL, ACTIVE INGREDIENT

Disclosed are 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or enantiomers, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases, comprising the same as an active ingredient. The 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives have excellent inhibitory activity against picornaviruses including coxsackie-, entero-, echo-, Polio-, and rhinoviruses, as well as exhibiting low cytotoxicity, so that they can be useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases including poliomyelitis, paralysis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, viral meningitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular disease, hepatitis A, myositis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, diabetes, epidemic myalgia, encephalitis, flu, herpangina, foot-and-mouth disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, sinusitis or otitis media. 3. The 1 claim 1 ,3-Dioxoindene derivatives claim 1 , pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof or optical isomer thereof as set forth in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , A claim 1 , A claim 1 , Aand Aare claim 1 , either independently or optionally claim 1 , any one selected from a group consisting of —H claim 1 , halogen and —NRR;{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'G is —OH, —NR(C═O)Ror —NR(C═O)OR;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '1', '2, 'sub': 1', '10, 'D, D, Dand Dare, either independently or optionally, any one selected from a group consisting of halogen, C˜Cstraight- or side-chain alkyl and —NR(C═O)R;'}{'sup': 1', '1', '1', '1', '2, 'E is —H, —OH, —OR, —O(C═O)R, —O(C═O)ORor —O(C═O)NRR;'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': 1', '8', '1', '4', '6', '10, 'R, Rand Rare, each independently, hydrogen, nonsubstituted or phenyl-substituted C˜Cstraight- or side-chain alkyl, nonsubstituted or phenyl-substituted C˜Cstraight- or side-chain alkenyl or C˜Caryl;'}X and Y are oxygen;{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'Z, Zand Zare carbon;'}n is integer between 1˜3; and{'img': {'@id': 'CUSTOM- ...

PHOTO-THERMAL REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS TO HYDROGEN AND ORGANIC PRODUCTS OVER METAL OXIDE PHOTO-THERMAL CATALYSTS

Photo-thermal catalysts and methods of use are described. The photo-thermal catalyst can include a photo-active metal oxide and, optionally, a plasmon resonance material. The photo-thermal catalyst has a temperature of 150° C. to 400° C. and is in contact with electromagnetic radiation. The photo-thermal catalyst can be used in a photo-thermal method to generate hydrogen from alcohols. 1. A photo-thermal method for producing hydrogen (H) and an organic product from alcohol , the method comprising irradiating a thermally-heated metal oxide photocatalyst that includes alcohol adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalyst with electromagnetic radiation to produce Hand the organic product from the alcohol , wherein the thermally-heated metal oxide photocatalyst has a temperature of 150° C. to 400° C.2. The photo-thermal method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is Calcohol and hydrogen and the organic product are formed by dehydrogenation of the alcohol.3. The photo-thermal method of claim 1 , wherein the thermally-heated metal oxide photocatalyst has a temperature of 250° C. to 400° C.4. The photo-thermal method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide photocatalyst comprises titanium dioxide (TiO) claim 1 , cerium dioxide (CeO) claim 1 , zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , or vanadium oxide (VO) or any combination thereof.5. The photo-thermal method of claim 4 , wherein the metal oxide is titanium dioxide (TiO).6. The photo-thermal method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is cerium dioxide (CeO).7. The photo-thermal method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide photocatalyst comprises a plasmon resonance active metal dispersed on the thermally-heated metal oxide photocatalyst.8. The photo-thermal method of claim 7 , wherein the plasmon resonance active metal is silver (Ag) claim 7 , gold (Au) claim 7 , Copper (Cu) claim 7 , or any combinations thereof or alloys thereof.9. The photo-thermal method of claim 7 , wherein the thermally-heated metal oxide photocatalyst comprises 0.1 to 10 ...

METAL-CATALYZED COUPLING OF ARYL AND VINYL HALIDES WITH ALPHA, ALPHA-DIFLUOROCARBONYL COMPOUNDS

The coupling of aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl halides with α,α-difluoroketones or silyl ethers or siylenol ethers of α,α-difluoroketones and α,α-difluoroamides and esters are described. Further derivatization of the coupling products (such as ketone cleavage and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation) is also described. 2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said complex is present in said composition in an amount of less than 10 mol % relative to said α claim 1 ,α-difluoromethyl carbonyl compound.3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said complex is present in said composition in an amount of about 2 mol % to about 5 mol % relative to said α claim 2 ,α-difluoromethyl carbonyl compound.5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein said complex is present in said composition in an amount of less than 10 mol % relative to said silyl enol ether.6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein said complex is present in said composition in an amount of about 2 mol % to about 5 mol % relative to said silyl enol ether.76. The composition according to any one of - claims 4 , wherein said composition does not contain BuSnF.87. The composition according to any one of - claims 4 , wherein said composition does not contain an organotin reagent.98. The composition according to any one of - claims 4 , wherein R claims 4 , R claims 4 , and Rare independently selected from unsubstituted C claims 4 , C claims 4 , C claims 4 , C claims 4 , Cand Calkyl.10. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein one or more of R claim 9 , R claim 9 , and Rare methyl.11. The composition according to any preceding claim claim 9 , further comprising a solvent.12. The composition according to claim 11 , wherein said solvent is a non-polar claim 11 , organic solvent.13. The composition according to claim 12 , wherein said solvent is toluene.14. The composition according to any preceding claim claim 12 , wherein said base is a member selected from CsCOand KPO.17. The composition ...

Method For Forming Cyclohexanone From Cyclohexanol

A method for forming cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol is provided in which two or more cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactors and associated condensers are operably connected in series so as to increase relative concentration of cyclohexanone in the formed product through the use of Le Châtelier's principle. 1. A method for forming cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol , the method comprising:introducing liquid cyclohexanol into a first cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactor;vaporizing the liquid cyclohexanol within the first cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactor to form vaporized cyclohexanol;dehydrogenating the vaporized cyclohexanol in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst to form vaporized cyclohexanone and hydrogen gas;condensing the formed vaporized cyclohexanone and any remaining vaporized cyclohexanol within a first condenser to form liquid cyclohexanone and liquid cyclohexanol;removing the formed hydrogen gas;vaporizing the formed liquid cyclohexanone and liquid cyclohexanol within a second cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactor to form vaporized cyclohexanone and vaporized cyclohexanol;dehydrogenating the vaporized cyclohexanol from the second cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactor in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst to form additional vaporized cyclohexanone and additional hydrogen gas; andcondensing the formed vaporized cyclohexanone and formed additional vaporized cyclohexanone and any remaining vaporized cyclohexanol within a second condenser to form liquid cyclohexanone and liquid cyclohexanol as a product.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:separating the liquid cyclohexanone from the liquid cyclohexanol of the product within a first distillation unit.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising:removing the formed additional hydrogen gas.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of vaporizing the liquid cyclohexanol within the first cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactor comprises heating the liquid ...

Process for the preparation of Efavirenz and devices suitable therefore

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of Efavirenz via an efficient transition metal catalyzed cyclization, to a device suitable to perform such process as well as to novel intermediates. 1. A process for the preparation of 6-chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-3 ,1-benzoxazin-2-one comprising reacting 4-cyclopropyl-2-(2 ,5-dichloro-phenyl)-1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-but-3-yn-2-ol with at least one cyanate in the presence of at least one transition metal compound.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one cyanate is selected from the group consisting of alkali cyanates and alkaline earth cyanates.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one cyanate comprises sodium cyanate.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one transition metal compound is selected from the group consisting of copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , rhodium and platinum compounds.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one transition metal compound is selected from those of formulae (Ia) and (Ib){'br': None, 'sup': '1', 'sub': '2', 'M(Y)\u2003\u2003(Ia),'}{'br': None, 'sup': '2', 'M(Y)\u2003\u2003(Ib),'}whereinM is nickel, palladium or copper(II){'sup': '1', 'Yis chloride, bromide, acetate, nitrate, methanesulphonate, trifluoromethanesulphonate, trifluoroacetate or acetylacetonate, and'}{'sup': '2', 'Yis sulphate;'} [{'br': None, 'sup': '3', 'MY\u2003\u2003(IIa)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': '4', 'sup': '3', '[M(B)](Y)\u2003\u2003(IIb)'}], 'or those of formulae (IIa) and (IIb)'}whereinM is copper (I){'sup': '3', 'Yis chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, methanesulphonate, trifluoromethanesulphonate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoroacetate hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate, hexafluoroantimonate, tetra(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl)borate or tetraphenylborate, and'}B is a nitrile such as acetonitrile, benzonitrile, benzyl nitrile; {'br': None, 'sub': '2', '[M(D)]\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'or those of ...

MATERIALS EXHIBITING BIOMIMETIC CARBON FIXATION AND SELF-REPAIR

A composition can photocatalytically reduce carbon dioxide. 1. A composition comprising:a polymer matrix including a catalyst configured to generate additional material to the polymer matrix from carbon dioxide with light energy, chemical energy or electrical energy to form formaldehyde or a formaldehyde product.2. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst includes a chloroplast claim 2 , a nanocatalyst claim 2 , or a colloidal battery.3. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a chloroplast in a hydrogel.4. The composition of claim 3 , further comprising a nanoparticle.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticle includes ceria.6. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition further comprises a glucosidase claim 3 , a glucose dehydrogenase or a hexokinase.7. The composition of claim 3 , further comprising a graphene oxide.8. The composition of claim 3 , further comprising an acrylamide.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the formaldehyde product is urea formaldehyde or polyoxymethylene. This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/591,596, filed on Oct. 2, 2019, which claims the benefit of prior U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/740,376, filed Oct. 2, 2018, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.This invention was made with Government support under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46488 awarded by the Department of Energy (DOE). The Government has certain rights in the inventionThe invention relates to materials capable of carbon dioxide fixation.Carbon dioxide is the main source for production of many chemicals including methanol and methane. Strategies for COreduction yield various products with different yield and selectivity. However, these approaches share the high energy consumption rates, using valuable reactants such as H, and possibly emitting more net COto atmosphere.In one aspect, a method of sequestering carbon dioxide can include exposing a composition including a ...

Method for producing lavandulal

Provided is a method of producing lavandulal at a high yield by controlling formation of its isomer of lavandulal as a by-product. In a method of producing lavandulal by making an acetal compound represented by the following formula (I) react with 3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the method includes: adding, to a liquid mixture comprising an acid catalyst, an acetal compound represented by the following formula (I), and 3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol in at least a portion of an amount to be used (3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol (a)), 3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol in the other portion of the amount to be used (3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol (b)); and maintaining the liquid mixture at a temperature of 110 ° C. or higher: in which Each R in the formula (I) represents an alkyl group.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOBASED CHEMICALS FROM PLANT LIGNIN

The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of producing biobased aromatic chemicals, biobased aromatic fuels, and/or lignin residues from lignin is also described herein. 1. A method for biorefining , comprising the steps of:providing lignin biomass;processing said lignin biomass; andproducing at least one product from said lignin biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from at least one biomass of plant biomass claim 1 , woody plant biomass claim 1 , agricultural plant biomass claim 1 , and cultivated plant biomass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from at least one biomass of fresh biomass claim 1 , pulp and paper mill biomass claim 1 , and cellulosic ethanol refinery biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from kraft lignin.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignin biomass is provided from waste lignin.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said waste lignin is provided from at least one waste lignin of sulfite mill waste lignin claim 5 , kraft mill waste lignin claim 5 , and sugar cane mill waste lignin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said processing of said lignin biomass is provided from at least one process of chemical processing claim 1 , catalytic processing claim 1 , biological processing claim 1 , and pyrolytic processing.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising the step of providing a lignin pretreatment.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one product from said lignin biomass comprises at least one chemical of biobased aromatic chemicals claim 1 , biobased aromatic fuels claim 1 , and lignin residues.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said biobased aromatic chemicals comprise at least one chemical of commodity chemicals claim 9 , fine chemicals claim 9 , and specialty chemicals.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein ...

Process for Preparing C4-Oxygenates

Preparation of C-oxygenates, in particular 2-butanol and butanone, which comprises the reaction of ethene with ethanol to form 2-butanol under conditions under which ethanol is present in the supercritical state. 1. A process for preparing C-oxygenates , which comprises the reaction of ethene with ethanol to form 2-butanol under conditions under which ethanol is present in the supercritical state.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein ethanol is placed in a pressure-rated vessel claim 1 , ethene is introduced and the mixture is heated under autogenous pressure.3. The process according to claim wherein the ethene and the ethanol are used in a molar ratio in the range from 1:2 to 1:200.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction of ethene with ethanol takes place at a temperature in the range from 241° C. to 500° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction of ethene with ethanol takes places at a pressure in the range from 6.3 MPa to 50 MPa.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction of ethene with ethanol takes place without addition of a free-radical initiator.7. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises dehydrogenation of the 2-butanol to form butanone. The present invention relates to a process for preparing C4-oxygenates, in particular 2-butanol and butanone, from ethane and ethanol.Butanone, also referred to as methyl ethyl ketone or MEK, is, apart from acetone, the most important industrially produced ketone and is used as solvent in many fields. Butanone can be obtained by direct oxidation of n-butene, e.g. by the Wacker process, or as by-product from the preparation of phenol from benzene. However, the predominant proportion by far (88%) of butanone is prepared by catalytic dehydrogenation of 2-butanol. This very economical process gives high yields and displays a long life of the catalyst used, simple isolation of the product and low energy consumption. The 2-butanol used for the ...

Method for preparing cyclohexanone by hydrogenating phenol

A method of preparing cyclohexanone by hydrogenating phenol is provided. The method includes a step of introducing an additional flammable gas to dilute hydrogen gas concentration, so as to increase the throughput and decrease energy consumption. Further, the discharged residual gases from the hydrogenation of phenol have a calorific value. Also provided is a system for generating cyclohexanone by hydrogenating phenol.

NOVEL COORDINATION COMPLEXES AND PROCESS OF PRODUCING POLYCARBONATE BY COPOLYMERIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EPOXIDE USING THE SAME AS CATALYST

Provided are a complex prepared from ammonium salt-containing ligands and having such an equilibrium structural formula that the metal center takes a negative charge of 2 or higher, and a method for preparing polycarbonate via copolymerization of an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide using the complex as a catalyst. When the complex is used as a catalyst for copolymerizing an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide, it shows high activity and high selectivity and provides high-molecular weight polycarbonate, and thus easily applicable to commercial processes. In addition, after forming polycarbonate via carbon dioxide/epoxide copolymerization using the complex as a catalyst, the catalyst may be separately recovered from the copolymer. 113-. (canceled)15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the epoxide compound is selected from the group consisting of (C2-C20) alkylene oxide substituted or unsubstituted by a halogen or alkoxy; (C4-C20) cycloalkylene oxide substituted or unsubstituted by a halogen or alkoxy; and (C8-C20) styrene oxide substituted or unsubstituted by a halogen claim 14 , alkoxy claim 14 , alkyl or aryl.16. A method for separately recovering a complex claim 14 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00014', 'claim 14'}, 'contacting a solution containing the copolymer and the catalyst and obtained by the method for preparing polycarbonate according to with a solid phase selected from an inorganic material, polymer material or a mixture thereof non-soluble in the solution to form a complex of the solid phase and the catalyst and to separate the copolymer solution;'}treating the complex with an acid or a metal salt of a non-reactive anion in a medium that is not capable of dissolving the solid phase to perform an acid-base reaction or salt metathesis; andcarrying out salt metathesis with a salt containing anion X, wherein X is the same as defined in Chemical Formula 6.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the complex is separately recovered ...

DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST, AND CARBONYL COMPOUND AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD USING SAID CATALYST

Objects of the present invention are to provide a novel dehydrogenation reaction catalyst, to provide a method that can produce a ketone, an aldehyde, and a carboxylic acid with high efficiency from an alcohol, and to provide a method for efficiently producing hydrogen from an alcohol, formic acid, or a formate, and they are accomplished by a catalyst containing an organometallic compound of Formula (1). 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is an alcohol.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is formic acid or a formate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein L is an aquo ligand.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 1 , and M is iridium.6. A dehydrogenation catalyst comprising an organometallic compound of Formula (1) claim 1 , wherein it is for use in the method according to .7. A method for producing a carbonyl compound claim 1 , wherein an alcohol is dehydrogenated by use of the dehydrogenation method according to to produce a corresponding carbonyl compound.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the carbonyl compound is a ketone or an aldehyde.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the alcohol is a primary alcohol claim 7 , the carbonyl compound is a carboxylic acid claim 7 , and a solvent comprising water is used.10. A method for producing hydrogen claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is prepared by dehydrogenation of an alcohol claim 1 , a mixture containing an alcohol and water claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , or a formate using the dehydrogenation method according to .12. The organometallic compound according to claim 11 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 11 , and M is iridium.14. The organometallic compound according to claim 13 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 13 , and M is iridium.15. A method for dehydrogenating an oxygen-containing ...

HYDROGENATION OF OXYGENATED MOLECULES FROM BIOMASS REFINING

The present disclosure relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules. The present invention relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, or hydrodeoxygenation reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules. 1. A method for using 2-butanol as the hydrogen source for a conversion reaction , the method comprising:dehydrogenating 2-butanol to yield 2-butanone; wherein hydrogen removed from the 2-butanol during dehydrogenating is the hydrogen source for the conversion reaction; and wherein the conversion reaction comprises hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, or hydrodeoxygenation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conversion reaction converts a biomass-derived molecule to form a product.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the biomass-derived molecule is derived from lignocellulosic biomass claim 2 , and wherein the biomass-derived molecule is selected from a saccharide claim 2 , a dehydrated saccharide claim 2 , a halodehydrated saccharide claim 2 , a dehydrated and partially hydrogenated saccharide claim 2 , or a hydrogenated saccharide claim 2 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the saccharide or the dehydrated saccharide is selected from monosaccharide claim 3 , oligosaccharide claim 3 , furfural claim 3 , halofurfural claim 3 , methyl furfural claim 3 , furfuryl alcohol claim 3 , methyl furfuryl alcohol claim 3 , (methoxymethyl)-methyl furfural claim 3 , hydroxymethylfurfural claim 3 , 2-methylfuran claim 3 , dimethylfuran claim 3 , 2 claim 3 ,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan claim 3 , 5-hydroxymethyl-2-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl] furan claim 3 , and 2-methyl-5[(1-methylmethoxy)methyl] furan claim 3 , bis(1-methoxyethoxy)-methyl furan claim 3 , tetrahydrofuran claim 3 , or levoglucosenone claim 3 , or a combination thereof.5. The method ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING N-(5-CHLORO-2-ISOPROPYLBENZYL)CYCLOPROPANAMINE

The present invention relates to a process for preparing N-(5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl)cyclopropanamine by hydrogenation of N-[(5-chloro-2-isopropylphenyl)methylene]cyclopropanamine over specific platinum catalysts. 12. The process according to wherein the acid used in step (g) to convert 3-bromo-4-isopropylaniline of the formula (VII) into the ammonium salts of the formula (VIII) is selected from the group consisting of HSO claim 9 , HCl claim 9 , HCOH claim 9 , HPO. The present invention relates to a process for preparing N-(5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl)cyclopropanamine by hydrogenation of N-[(5-chloro-2-isopropylphenyl)methylene]cyclopropanamine over specific platinum catalysts.Preparative processes for brominating strongly deactivated aromatics such as p-alkyl-substituted nitrobenzenes or nitrobenzene itself are described in the literature. The bromination of p-nitroethylbenzene by means of iron and bromine has been described with very low yields (55% yield of crude product and 34% after distillation) and with long reaction times of over 24 hours (1950, 72, 2804). The bromination of nitrobenzene by means of iron and bromine is described with a yield of always 60-75% of isolated compound (cf. 1941, Coll. Vol. I, 123, ibid. 1928, Vol 8, 48). A further possible way of brominating deactivated aromatics by means of potassium bromate is known (1981, 46, 2169-2171). However, reactions are problematical from a safety point of view because of the decomposition of potassium bromate in over 70% strength sulphuric acid solution. Furthermore, the bromination of p-nitrotoluene or nitrobenzene by means of N-bromosuccinimide in half-concentrated sulphuric acid is known (2006, 8, 645-6471965, 30, 304-306). However, this reaction requires N-bromosuccinimide as brominating reagent. Dimethyldibromohydantoin is found to be significantly more efficient (cf. 1994, 67, 1918-1921). However, trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, a very expensive reagent, is used here as proton source, which ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 4-ALKANOYLOXY-2-METHYLBUTANOIC ACID

The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of 4-alkanoyloxy-2-methylbutanoic acid, as well as to the use of such compounds in organic syntheses, especially in processes forming intermediates (building blocks) for the synthesis of organic compounds comprising isoprene (isoterpene) units, such as β-carotene or other carotenoids (e.g. canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin or astaxanthin) or as vitamin E or vitamin A as well as other structurally similar compounds. 2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal of the transition metal salt is chosen from the group consisting of Cu claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe and Cr.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the anion of the transition metal salt is chosen from the group consisting of halides (such as Cl claim 1 , Br or I) claim 1 , PO claim 1 , SO or O(CO)CH).4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is chosen from the group consisting of Co(O(CO)CH) claim 1 , Cu(O(CO)CH) claim 1 , CoSO claim 1 , CuSO claim 1 , Fe(SO) claim 1 , CoCl claim 1 , CuCland FeCl.5. Process according to claim 1 , wherein R in formula (I) and in formula (II) is an alkyl moiety which is linear (preferably methyl claim 1 , ethyl and pentadecyl).6. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas is Ogas or air.7. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure (up to 20 bar) or at ambient pressure.8. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal salt catalyst (as well as a mixture of such salts) is used in an amount of 0.0005-0.1 mol equivalent (related to one mol of compound of formula (II)).9. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at temperatures of − of −10° C.-150° C. claim 1 , preferably 0° C.-80° C. claim 1 , more preferably 15° C.-70° C.10. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out in a polar aprotic or polar protic solvent (preferably in esters (such as ethyl acetate) claim 1 ...

Preparation Process for Cu-based Catalyst and Use Thereof

The present invention relates to a preparation process for a Cu-based catalyst and use of the Cu-based catalyst as the dehydrogenation catalyst in producing a hydroxyketone compound such as acetoin. Said Cu-based catalyst shows a high the acetoin selectivity as the dehydrogenation catalyst for producing acetoin. 1. A process for preparing a Cu-based catalyst , which comprises the steps of:(1′) producing a catalyst precursor, wherein said catalyst precursor (calculated by weight and based on the total weight of said catalyst precursor) contains30-60% (preferably 40-50%) of Cu (as CuO),10-45% (preferably 30-45% or 35-45%) of at least one auxiliary metal selected from metal of Group IIA (preferably at least one of Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr), non-noble metal of Group VIII (preferably at least one of Fe, Co and Ni), metal of Group VIB (preferably Cr, Mo or W), metal of Group VIIB (preferably Mn or Re), metal of Group IIB (preferably Zn or Cd) and lanthanide metal (preferably at least one of Yb, La, Ce, Pr and Lu) of periodic table of elements (as oxide),optionally an alkali metal and0-30% (preferably 5-15%) of optionally a binder (preferably at least one inorganic binder selected from refractory oxide and aluminosilicate, more preferably at least one inorganic binder selected from alumina, bauxite, pseudo-boehmite, silica, silica-alumina, boehmite, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, diatomite and montmorillonite, more preferably at least one inorganic binder selected from alumina, silica, diatomite and kaolin, more preferably alumina) (on a dry basis and as oxide), and {'br': None, 'R1-C(═O)—R2\u2003\u2003(II)'}, '(2-2) contacting a mixture of a ketone represented by formula (II) (preferably at least one of acetoin, hydroxyacetone, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and 4-hydroxy-2-butanone), a solvent (preferably at least one of C1-6 alcohols, more preferably at least one of C1-6 linear or branched monohydric alcohols, more preferably at least one of methanol and ethanol) and optionally an ...

TREPROSTINIL PRODUCTION

The present invention is directed to a novel method for preparing a synthetic intermediates for treprostinil. Also described are methods of preparing treprostinil comprising utilizing novel intermediates described herein as well as novel intermediates useful for synthesis prostacyclin derivatives, such as treprostinil. 2. The process of including the additional claim 1 , final step of converting the treprostinil so formed to its sodium salt. The present application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/435,708, filed Mar. 30, 2012, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/151,465, filed Jun. 2, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 61/351,115 filed Jun. 3, 2010, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present application relates to a process for producing prostacyclin derivatives, such as Treprostinil, and novel intermediate compounds useful in the process.(+)-Treprostinil (also known as UT-15) is the active ingredient in Remodulin®, a commercial drug approved by FDA for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It was first described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,306,075. Treprostinil is a stable analog of prostacyclin (PGI) belonging to a class of compounds known as benzindene prostacyclins, which are useful pharmaceutical compounds possessing activities such as platelet aggregation inhibition, gastric secretion reduction, lesion inhibition, and bronchodilation.U.S. Pat. No. 5,153,222 describes use of treprostinil for treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Treprostinil is approved for the intravenous as well as subcutaneous route, the latter avoiding potential septic events associated with continuous intravenous catheters. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,521,212 and 6,756,033 describe administration of treprostinil by inhalation for treatment of pulmonary hypertension, peripheral vascular disease and other diseases and conditions. U.S. Pat. No. 6,803,386 discloses administration of treprostinil for ...

PREVENTION OF TISSUE ISCHEMIA AND RELATED METHODS

Provided herein are compositions for preventing, ameliorating, and/or reducing tissue ischemia and/or tissue damage due to ischemia, increasing blood vessel diameter, blood flow and tissue perfusion in the presence of vascular disease including peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and influencing other conditions, by suppressing CD47 and/or blocking TSP1 and/or CD47 activity or interaction. Influencing the interaction of CD47-TSP1 in blood vessels allows for control of blood vessel diameter and blood flow, and permits modification of blood pressure and cardiac function. Under conditions of decreased blood flow, for instance through injury or atherosclerosis, blocking TSP1-CD47 interaction allows blood vessels to dilate and increases blood flow, tissue perfusion and tissue survival. 1. An isolated or synthetic peptide having specific binding affinity for CD47 , having about 8 to about 15 amino acids in length , and comprising the sequence R-X-X-X-Lys-X-X-X6-X-X-Arg-X-R , wherein:{'sub': '1', 'Rcomprises from 0-5 amino acids, H, or an acyl or formyl moiety;'}{'sub': '1', 'Xcomprises from 0-1 amino acid, which is a hydrophobic or non-polar amino acid;'}{'sub': '2', 'Xcomprises from 0-1 amino acid, which is Gly, Ala or other small aliphatic amino acid;'}{'sub': '3', 'Xis a polar aromatic amino acid;'}{'sub': '4', 'Xis Asp or Glu or Asn;'}{'sub': '5', 'X, is an aromatic amino acid;'}{'sub': '6', 'X, is Thr or Ala;'}{'sub': '7', 'Xis Ala or other aliphatic amino acid;'}{'sub': '8', 'Xis an aromatic amino acid;'}{'sub': '9', 'Xcomprises 0-4 amino acids; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'Ris OH or NH.'}2. The peptide of claim 1 , wherein Xis Tyr.3. The peptide of wherein Xis Asp.4. The peptide of claim 2 , wherein Xis Trp or Tyr or His.5. The peptide of claim 1 , comprising any one of the following amino acid sequences:37300 (Ac-WKDFTAYR) (SEQ ID NO: 2);37416 (AGWKDFTAYR) (SEQ ID NO: 32);37417 (IGYKDFTAYR) (SEQ ID NO: 33);37297 ...

PREPARATION METHOD OF NITROGEN-DOPED HIERARCHICAL-POROUS CARBON-LOADED NANOMETER PD CATALYST AND PRODUCT AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Disclosed are a nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon-loaded nano-Pd catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes preparing nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon, mixing the nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon with water, adjusting a pH value of the mixed solution to be alkaline, mixing the mixed solution with a Pd metal precursor aqueous solution, and then adding a reducing agent to obtain the nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon-loaded nano-Pd catalyst after reduction. The prepared nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon-loaded nano-Pd catalyst includes a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material carrier with hierarchical pores and Pd metal nanoparticles loaded in the hierarchical pores of the carrier. The Pd metal nanoparticles have a size of 2˜14 nm and a regular polyhedron shape. The nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon-loaded nano-Pd catalyst has excellent catalytic performance, especially has ultra-high conversion rate, selectivity and cycle stability in the selective hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated ketones, and is a key to open a new synthetic route of vitamin E. 1. A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon-loaded nano-Pd catalyst , comprising:1) preparing nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon;2) mixing the nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon prepared in step 1) with water, and adjusting a pH value of the mixed solution to be alkaline; and3) mixing the mixed solution prepared in step 2) with a Pd metal precursor aqueous solution, and then adding a reducing agent to obtain the nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon-loaded nano-Pd catalyst after reduction.2. The preparation method of the nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon-loaded nano-Pd catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein in step 2):a mass-volume ratio of the nitrogen-doped hierarchical-porous carbon to water is 1:20˜200 g/mL; andthe pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to 8˜12.3. The preparation ...

MATERIALS EXHIBITING BIOMIMETIC CARBON FIXATION AND SELF-REPAIR

A composition can photocatalytically reduce carbon dioxide. 1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide comprising:exposing a composition including a catalyst to carbon dioxide; andreducing the carbon dioxide with the catalyst with light energy, chemical energy or electrical energy to form formaldehyde or a formaldehyde product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst includes a chloroplast claim 1 , a nanocatalyst claim 1 , or a colloidal battery.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition includes a chloroplast in a hydrogel.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composition further comprises a nanoparticle.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticle includes ceria.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composition further comprises a glucosidase claim 3 , a glucose dehydrogenase or a hexokinase.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composition further comprises a graphene oxide.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composition further comprises an acrylamide.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formaldehyde product is urea formaldehyde or polyoxymethylene.10. A method of self-healing a polymer matrix comprising:exposing a polymer matrix including a catalyst to carbon dioxide and an energy source; andgenerating additional material to the polymer matrix from the carbon dioxide.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst includes a chloroplast claim 10 , a nanocatalyst claim 10 , or a colloidal battery.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polymer matrix includes a chloroplast in a hydrogel.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polymer matrix further comprises a nanoparticle.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the nanoparticle includes ceria.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polymer matrix further comprises a glucosidase claim 12 , a glucose dehydrogenase or a hexokinase.16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polymer matrix further comprises a graphene oxide.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polymer matrix ...

METAL OXIDE CATALYST SYSTEMS FOR CONVERSION OF ETHANOL TO BUTADIENE

A process includes reacting a feed stream containing ethanol and optionally acetaldehyde in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system having a Group 4 or Group 5 metal oxide and a support. The process includes obtaining a product stream containing butadiene from the dehydration reactor. Another process includes reacting a feed stream containing ethanol and optionally acetaldehyde in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system containing a tungsten oxide supported on a zeolite or a tantalum oxide supported on a zeolite. The process includes obtaining a product stream containing butadiene from the dehydration reactor. 1. A process comprising:reacting a feed stream comprising ethanol in a dehydration reactor in the presence of a dehydration catalyst system comprising a Group 5 metal oxide and a zeolite support; andobtaining a product stream comprising butadiene from the dehydration reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream further comprises acetaldehyde.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system contains a Group 5 metal oxide that comprises a niobium metal oxide or a tantalum metal oxide.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises a bimetallic catalyst system containing only two metal oxides claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the two metal oxides comprises a Group 4 metal oxide or a Group 5 metal oxide.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises a trimetallic catalyst system containing only three metal oxides claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the three metal oxides comprises a Group 4 metal oxide or a Group 5 metal oxide.8. The process of claim 1 , the dehydration catalyst system comprises a niobium-rhenium oxide (NbO—ReO) or a tantalum oxide (TaO) claim 1 ,9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dehydration catalyst system comprises NbO—ReO or TaO.10. The process of claim ...

COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR KINASE MODULATION, AND INDICATIONS THEREFOR

Compounds active on protein kinases are described, as well as methods of using such compounds to treat diseases and conditions associated with aberrant activity of protein kinases. 19. The compound according to wherein Ris optionally substituted Calkyl claim 18 , optionally substituted cycloalkyl claim 18 , optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl claim 18 , optionally substituted aryl claim 18 , optionally substituted heteroaryl claim 18 , or substituted methyl claim 18 , wherein methyl is substituted with optionally substituted cycloalkyl claim 18 , optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl claim 18 , optionally substituted aryl claim 18 , or optionally substituted heteroaryl.20. The compound of claim 19 , wherein Ris other than hydrogen.2139.-. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/906,980 filed Oct. 18, 2010, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/473,347 filed Jun. 21, 2006, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,836,288, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/692,960, filed Jun. 22, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/731,528, filed Oct. 28, 2005, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and for all purposes.The present invention relates to kinases and compounds which modulate kinases, and uses therefore. Particular embodiments contemplate disease indications which are amenable to treatment by modulation of kinase activity by the compounds of the present invention.The information provided herein is intended solely to assist the understanding of the reader. None of the information provided nor references cited is admitted to be prior art to the present invention. Each of the references cited herein is incorporated in its entirety.Receptor protein kinases regulate key signal transduction cascades that control or are involved in the control of a plethora of physiological functions including cellular growth and proliferation, cell ...

DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANOLS TO INCREASE YIELD OF AROMATICS

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product. 1. A method of converting a mixture of oxygenates to aromatic hydrocarbons , the method comprising:{'sub': 1', '6, 'providing a first oxygenate, the first oxygenate comprising a C-Calkanol;'}providing a second oxygenate, the second oxygenate comprising a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, an ester, or any combination thereof, wherein the second oxygenate has a hydrogen to carbon effective ratio of less than 1.6;producing a mixture of oxygenates, the mixture of oxygenates comprising at the first oxygenate and the second oxygenate, wherein the mixture of oxygenates has a total hydrogen to carbon effective ration of between 1.0 and 1.8; andexposing the mixture of oxygenates to an oxygenate conversion catalyst at an oxygenate conversion temperature and an oxygenate conversion pressure to produce aromatic hydrocarbons.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second oxygenate is produced by the dehydration of a portion of the first oxygenate.3. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising:separating the first oxygenate to form a first portion of the first oxygenate and a second portion of the first oxygenate; andexposing the first portion of the first oxygenate to a dehydrogenation catalyst at an effective temperature and an effective pressure to produce the second oxygenate, wherein the mixture of oxygenates is produced by mixing the second portion of the first oxygenate and the second oxygenate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenate components comprises the carboxylic acid and wherein the carboxylic acid has a hydrogen to carbon effective ratio less than 1.6.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the carboxylic acid is acetic acid.6. The method ...

Cyclohexanone-Containing Products and Processes for Making the Same

Disclosed are a process for abating 3-cyclohexenone from a feed mixture comprising 3-cylclohexenone and cyclohexanone, comprising a hydrogenation step of contacting the feed mixture with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions to obtain a hydrogenated mixture, cyclohexanone-containing products comprising 3-cyclohexenone and/or 2-cyclohexenone at low concentrations, and compositions of matter useful for making such cyclohexanone-containing products, particularly by using such processes. 1. A process for abating 3-cyclohexenone from a feed mixture comprising 3-cylclohexenone , cyclohexanone and optionally phenol , comprising a hydrogenation step of contacting the feed mixture with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions to obtain a hydrogenated mixture , and obtaining from the hydrogenated mixture a cyclohexanone-containing product substantially free of phenol and comprising , based on the total weight thereof: at least 10 wt % of cyclohexanone; 0 to 90 wt % of cyclohexanol; and no more than 20 ppm by weight of 3-cyclohexenone.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed mixture comprises 3-cyclohexenone at a concentration in the range from 30 ppm by weight to 5 wt % claim 1 , based on the total weight of the feed mixture.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of 3-cyclohexenone in the hydrogenation step is at least 95%.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated mixture comprises 3-cyclohexenone at a concentration of no higher than 20 ppm by weight claim 1 , based on the total weight of the hydrogenated mixture.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed mixture comprises 2-cyclohexenone at a concentration in the range from 30 ppm by weight to 5 wt % claim 1 , based on the total weight of the feed mixture.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the conversion of 2-cyclohexenone is at least 95% in the hydrogenation step.7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the ...

Cyclohexanone-Containing Products and Processes for Making the Same

Disclosed are processes for making cyclohexanone from a feed mixture comprising cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexanone, phenol, 3-cylclohexenone and optionally 2-cyclohexenone, comprising feeding the feed mixture to a first distillation column and hydrogenating a fraction from the first distillation column in a hydrogenation reactor separate from the first distillation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions. A cyclohexanone-rich upper effluent comprising 3-cyclohexenone and 2-cyclohexenone at low concentrations can be obtained from the first distillation column. 1. A process for producing cyclohexanone from a first feed mixture comprising cyclohexylbenzene , cyclohexanone , phenol , and 3-cyclohexenone , the process comprising:feeding the first feed mixture into a first distillation column at a first feeding location on the first distillation column;obtaining a lower cyclohexylbenzene-rich effluent from the first distillation column;obtaining a first upper effluent from a first upper effluent location on the first distillation column above the first feeding location, the first upper effluent comprising cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, and is substantially free of phenol and 3-cyclohexenone;obtaining a middle effluent from a middle effluent location on the first distillation column above the first feeding location and below the first upper effluent location, the middle effluent comprising cyclohexanone, phenol, and 3-cyclohexenone;feeding at least a portion of the middle effluent to a hydrogenation reactor, where the middle effluent contacts with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions to produce a hydrogenation reactor effluent substantially free of 3-cylcohexenone;feeding at least a portion of the hydrogenation reactor effluent to the first distillation column at a recycle location between the middle effluent location and the first upper effluent location, wherein:the recycle location is 6 to 30 ...

Supported noble metal-comprising catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation or epoxidation

Supported noble metal-comprising catalysts which can be obtained by a1) application of a noble metal compound, optionally in admixture with additives acting as promoters, to a support material, then drying, and a2) application of a reducing agent to a support material, then drying, wherein steps a1) and a2) are repeated simultaneously or in alternating turns, or wherein either of the compounds is applied entirely and then the other one is applied entirely, b) optionally afterwards drying of the resulting product, and c) subsequent calcination, its use, especially for oxidative dehydrogenation and a process for producing it.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTION OF CHEMICALS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

An organosolv process for producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprises providing an initial lignin solvent with water, an acid, and a lignin dissolving chemical comprising at least one of an organic ester, butyl acetate, an organic furan, and furfural. The process also includes placing the lignin solvent in contact with a biomass to form a circulation solvent, and recycling at least a portion of the circulation solvent by circulating the circulation solvent back into contact with the biomass. The circulating of the circulation solvent occurs for a period of time, after which, the process then includes separating material such as chemicals and lignin from the circulation solvent. The chemicals can be recycled as new solvent or sold while lignin can be used as natural and renewable colorant for polymers such as poly lactic acid. 1. An organosolv process for producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprising: water,', 'an acid, and', 'a lignin dissolving chemical comprising at least one of an organic ester, butyl acetate, an organic furan, and furfural;, 'providing an initial lignin solvent comprisingplacing the lignin solvent in contact with a biomass to form a circulation solvent; andrecycling at least a portion of the circulation solvent by circulating the circulation solvent back into contact with the biomass, and circulating the circulation solvent for a period of time; andafter the period of time, separating material from the circulation solvent.2. The process of wherein separating material comprises dividing an organic material portion claim 1 , water insoluble lignin claim 1 , and an aqueous solution portion from the circulation solvent.3. The process of comprising reusing at least a part of the organic material portion in an initial lignin solvent for a new biomass.4. The process of comprising reusing at least a part of the aqueous solution portion in an initial lignin solvent for a new biomass.5. The ...

USE OF RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES FOR FORMATION AND/OR HYDROGENATION OF AMIDES AND RELATED CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES

A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is conducted either with (a) Ruthenium catalyst A1′ in the absence of a base; or (b) Ruthenium catalyst A2′ or A3′ in the presence of one or two equivalents of base relative to the amount of the Ruthenium catalyst.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the ester is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate claim 4 , butyl butyrate claim 4 , pentyl pentanoate and hexyl hexanoate.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidine claim 4 , morpholine claim 4 , 1-methyl piperazine claim 4 , piperidine claim 4 , piperazine claim 4 , 1-hexylamine and p-tolylmethanamine.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the process is conducted either with (a) Ruthenium catalyst A1″ in the absence of a base; or (b) Ruthenium catalyst A2″ or A3″ in the presence of one or two equivalents of base relative to the amount of the Ruthenium catalyst.11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the process is conducted either with (a) Ruthenium catalyst A1 ...

Cu-based catalyst, its preparation process and use thereof

The present invention relates to a Cu-based catalyst, a preparation process thereof and its use as the dehydrogenation catalyst in producing a hydroxyketone compound such as acetoin. Said Cu-based catalyst contains copper, at least one auxiliary metal selected from metal of Group IIA, non-noble metal of Group VIII, metal of Group VIB, metal of Group VIIB, metal of Group IIB and lanthanide metal of periodic table of elements, and an alkali metal, and further contains at least one ketone additive selected from a ketone represented by formula (II) and a ketone represented by formula (II′). Said Cu-based catalyst shows a high the acetoin selectivity as the dehydrogenation catalyst for producing acetoin. 1. A Cu-based catalyst , which contains Cu , at least one auxiliary metal selected from metal of Group IIA (preferably at least one of Mg and Ca) , non-noble metal of Group VIII (preferably at least one of Fe and Ni) , metal of Group VIB (preferably Cr) , metal of Group VIIB (preferably Mn) , metal of Group IIB (preferably Zn) and lanthanide metal (preferably ytterbium) of periodic table of elements , an alkali metal and optionally a binder (preferably at least one inorganic binder selected from refractory oxide and aluminosilicate , more preferably at least one inorganic binder selected from alumina , bauxite , pseudo-boehmite , silica , silica-alumina , boehmite , attapulgite , bentonite , kaolin , diatomite and montmorillonite , more preferably at least one inorganic binder selected from alumina , silica , diatomite and kaolin , more preferably alumina) , and further contains at least one ketone additive selected from a ketone represented by formula (II) and a ketone represented by formula (II′) (preferably acetoin) , and optionally a solvent (preferably at least one of C1-6 alcohols , more preferably at least one of C1-6 linear or branched monohydric alcohols , more preferably at least one of methanol and ethanol) ,{'br': None, 'R1-C(═O)—CH(OH)—R2\u2003\u2003(II)'}{' ...

Magnetically separable iron-based heterogeneous catalysts for dehydrogenation of alcohols and amines

The present invention discloses an iron-based nitrogen doped graphene catalyst, process for preparation thereof and use of said catalyst in oxidant-free catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols and amines to the corresponding carbonyl compounds, amines and N-heterocylic compounds with extraction of molecular hydrogen as the only by-product.

Process for Producing Phenol

Provided is a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, in which a benzene feed stream is subjected to each of the following treatment steps: treating the feed stream with at least one adsorbent and fractionating the feed stream to remove components having a different boiling point than benzene. The treatment steps are carried out in any order and produce a treated benzene feed stream. The treated benzene feed stream is then contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst in a hydroalkylation unit under conditions effective to produce a reaction product containing cyclohexylbenzene. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said benzene feed stream comprises fresh and recycled benzene.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said recycled benzene comprises unreacted benzene in the reaction effluent from step (b).4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reaction effluent from step (b) comprises cyclohexane and said recycled benzene comprises benzene produced by dehydrogenation of said cyclohexane.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said benzene feed stream comprises fresh benzene and a further recycled benzene stream is mixed with the fresh benzene stream after at least part of said treating step (i) but before said fractionating step (ii).6. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least one adsorbent comprises at least one of an acidic clay claim 1 , a metal and/or metal oxide and a molecular sieve.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least one adsorbent comprises a molecular sieve having a pore size in a range from 0.5 Å to less than 6 Å.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least one adsorbent comprises a molecular sieve having a pore size in a range from 6 Å to 15 Å.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein said treating step (i) comprises passing the feed stream through a first sorbent bed comprising a molecular sieve having a pore size in a range from 0.5 Å to less than 6 Å and passing the feed stream through a second sorbent bed comprising a ...

Method for Production of Styrene from Toluene and Methanol

A process is disclosed for making styrene by converting methanol to formaldehyde in a reactor then reacting the formaldehyde with toluene to form styrene in a separate reactor. 121-. (canceled)22. A process for making styrene comprising:converting methanol to formaldehyde in one or more first reactors to form a first product stream comprising formaldehyde;passing the first product stream to a separation stage for separating formaldehyde from the first product stream; andreacting toluene and formaldehyde in one or more second reactors over a catalyst comprising a metal supported on a substrate to form a second product stream comprising styrene, wherein the substrate comprises silica or titania, and wherein the metal comprises Ru, Rh, Ni, Co, Pd or Pt.23. The process of claim 22 , wherein the catalyst is promoted with Mn claim 22 , Ti claim 22 , Zr claim 22 , V claim 22 , Nb claim 22 , K claim 22 , Cs or Na.24. The process of claim 22 , wherein the catalyst includes one or more promoters selected from alkali elements claim 22 , alkaline earth elements claim 22 , and rare earth elements.25. The process of claim 22 , wherein the catalyst includes one or more promoters selected from a group consisting of Y claim 22 , Zr claim 22 , Nb claim 22 , and combinations thereof26. The process of claim 22 , wherein the catalyst is basic or neutral.27. The process of claim 22 , wherein the toluene is reacted with the formaldehyde at a temperature ranging from 250° C. to 750° C.28. The process of claim 22 , wherein the toluene is reacted with the formaldehyde at a pressure ranging from 1 atm to 70 atm.29. The process of claim 22 , wherein the first product stream further comprises one or more of hydrogen claim 22 , water claim 22 , or methanol.30. The process of claim 22 , wherein methanol is separated from the first product stream and recycled to the one or more first reactors.31. The process of claim 22 , further comprising utilizing one or more oxidation reactors to convert ...

Process for the production of a mixture comprising cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol from phenol

The present invention provides a process for continuously preparing a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol comprising, a) hydrogenating phenol with gaseous hydrogen, in the presence of platinum or palladium, in a hydrogenation reactor, to produce a hydrogenation product stream comprising cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, phenol and hydrogen; b) cooling the hydrogenation product stream to a temperature such that the fraction of phenol by mass in a first gas phase is lower than the fraction of phenol by mass in a first liquid phase; c) separating the first gas phase from the first liquid phase; d) returning at least part of the first gas phase to the hydrogenation reactor; e) heating the first liquid phase; f) purifying the first liquid phase by distillation; characterized in that heat is transferred from the hydrogenation product stream in step b) to another part of the process by means of in-process heat exchange; a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol obtained by the process; and a chemical plant suitable for continuously preparing mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol according to the process.

COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS INHIBITORS OF ATR KINASE

The present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of ATR protein kinase. The invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of this invention; methods of treating of various diseases, disorders, and conditions using the compounds of this invention; processes for preparing the compounds of this invention; intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of this invention; and solid forms of the compounds of this invention. 125-. (canceled)2789-. (canceled)91109-. (canceled)110. A crystal form of Compound I-1 having a monoclinic crystal system , a P2/c centrosymmetric space group , and the following unit cell parameters:a=15.29(3)Å α=90°b=12.17(2)Å β=107.22(3°)c=14.48(3)Å γ=90°.111. A process for preparing Compound I-1•anhydrous form A comprising stirring a suspension containing Compound I-1•ethanol solvate and tetrahydrofuran.112. A process for preparing Compound I-1•anhydrous form A comprising stirring a suspension containing Compound I-1•amorphous , isopropanol , and water.113114-. (canceled)116121-. (canceled)123139-. (canceled) The present application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/912,636, filed Dec. 6, 2013; U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/008,220, filed Jun. 5, 2014; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/058,819, filed Oct. 2, 2014.ATR (“ATM and Rad3 related”) kinase is a protein kinase involved in cellular responses to DNA damage. ATR kinase acts with ATM (“ataxia telangiectasia mutated”) kinase and many other proteins to regulate a cell's response to DNA damage, commonly referred to as the DNA Damage Response (“DDR”). The DDR stimulates DNA repair, promotes survival and stalls cell cycle progression by activating cell cycle checkpoints, which provide time for repair. Without the DDR, cells are much more sensitive to DNA damage and readily die from DNA lesions induced by endogenous cellular processes such as DNA replication or exogenous DNA damaging ...

Process and System for Making Cyclohexanone

Disclosed are processes and systems for making cyclohexanone from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene comprising a step of or a device for subjecting at least a portion of the mixture to hydrogenation and a step of or a device for distilling a phenol/cyclohexanone/cyclohexylbenzene mixture to obtain an effluent rich in cyclohexanone.

PROCESS FOR DEPOLYMERIZATION OF LIGNIN

The present invention discloses a process for depolymerization of lignin to yield substituted phenolic monomers using Brönsted ionic liquid as catalyst under mild reaction conditions to obtain an overall yield of monomers up to 97%. 1. A process for the depolymerization of lignin to obtain aromatic products comprising the steps of:{'sub': '3', 'a. adding dealkaline lignin and Brönsted ionic liquid having —SOH group in the range of 1:0.25 to 1:1 to a mixture of water and methanol wherein the ratio of methanol to water is in the range of 0:1 to 5:1 to obtain a reaction mixture;'}b. stirring the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) at a temperature range of 100 to 170° C. for a period of 0.5 to 6 hrs to afford the aromatic products with 95-97% yield and a mass balance of >90%.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the Brönsted ionic liquid having —SOH group used in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of (1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate) claim 1 , (1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hydrogensulfate) claim 1 , and (1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the Brönsted ionic liquid having —SOH group used is (1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hydrogensulfate).4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic products are phenolic monomers obtained with m/z in the range of 100 to 300.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the phenolic monomers are THF soluble.6. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the phenolic monomers are selected from the group consisting of 3 claim 4 ,5 di ter-butyl claim 4 ,4-methylphenol claim 4 , 2-ter-butyl claim 4 , 4-methylphenol claim 4 , 4-acetyl benzoic acid claim 4 , butyl 2-(acetyloxy) benzoate claim 4 , 4-methoxy claim 4 ,2-(prop-2-en-yl) phenol claim 4 , 3 claim 4 ,6 dimethylbenzene-1 claim 4 ,2 claim 4 ,4 triyl triacetate claim 4 , and (4-ter butylphenyl)methanol.7. The process ...

CATALYST SYSTEMS FOR USE IN CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTORS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE THEREOF

The present application provides a composite material and system for use in a heterogeneous flow reactor, which can include: a catalytic polymeric framework comprising catalyst-containing monomeric units each separated by at least one non-catalyst-containing monomeric unit; and a solid support material, wherein the catalytic polymeric framework is covalently or non-covalently immobilized on or in the support material. Each catalyst-containing monomeric subunit in the polymeric framework comprises a transition metal bound to a catalyst ligand. Also provided are methods of manufacture and use of the catalyst system and composite material. 133-. (canceled)35. The system of claim 34 , wherein the catalyst-containing monomer subunits comprise a diphosphine ligand.40. The system of claim 39 , wherein A is a binaphthyl group claim 39 , or a derivative of a binaphthyl group claim 39 , each being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from Calkyl claim 39 , OCalkyl and halo.42. The system of any one of claim 34 , wherein the transition metal is Cr claim 34 , Mo claim 34 , Fe claim 34 , Ru claim 34 , Os claim 34 , Co claim 34 , Rh claim 34 , Ir claim 34 , Ni claim 34 , Pd claim 34 , Pt claim 34 , Cu claim 34 , Ag claim 34 , and/or Au.44. The system claim 34 , wherein the solid support material comprises BaSO claim 34 , barium (L)- and (D)-tartrates claim 34 , aluminum oxide (AlO) claim 34 , silica (SiO) claim 34 , FeO claim 34 , Teflon™ claim 34 , Celite™ claim 34 , AgCl claim 34 , sand claim 34 , or any combination thereof.45. The system of claim 34 , wherein the flow reactor is a continuous flow reactor claim 34 , such as an H-Cube® reactor.46. The system of claim 34 , which additionally comprises means for generating active catalyst.47. The system of claim 46 , wherein the means for generating active catalyst comprises a silver salt claim 46 , such as AgSbF.48. A method for metal-catalyzed organic synthesis comprising flowing a ...

CONVERSION OF ALKANES TO ORGANOSELENIUMS AND ORGANOTELLURIUMS

The invention provides processes and materials for the efficient and costeffective functionalization of alkanes and heteroalkanes, comprising contacting the alkane or heteroalkane and a soft oxidizing electrophile comprising Se(VI) or Te(VI), in an acidic medium, optionally further comprising an aprotic medium, which can be carried out at a temperature of less than 300 C. Isolation of the alkylselenium or alkyltellurium intermediate allows the subsequent conversion to products not necessarily compatible with the initial reaction conditions, such as amines, stannanes, organosulfur compounds, acyls, halocarbons, and olefins. 1. A process for the conversion of an alkane or a heteroalkane , wherein the alkane or heteroalkane comprises at least one sp-hybridized carbon atom , to a corresponding alkylselenium or alkyltellurium compound comprising(a) contacting the alkane or heteroalkane and a soft oxidizing electrophile comprising Se(VI) or Te(VI), in an acidic medium, optionally further comprising an aprotic medium; to form the corresponding alkylselenium or alkyltellurium compound and optionally(b) separating the respective alkylselenium or alkyltellurium compound.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of regeneration of the soft oxidizing electrophile by contacting a Se- or Te-containing electrophile reduction product of the soft oxidizing electrophile and the alkane or heteroalkane with an oxidant under conditions suitable to regenerate the soft oxidizing electrophile comprising Se(VI) or Te(VI).3. (canceled)4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkane is methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , or propane claim 1 , or any mixture thereof.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acidic medium is free of a superacid.6. The process of claim 2 , wherein the regenerating oxidant comprises any of molecular oxygen claim 2 , hydrogen peroxide claim 2 , chlorine claim 2 , nitric acid claim 2 , or ozone.7. The process of claim 2 , wherein the regenerating oxidant ...

METHODS OF ACYLATION WITH AN IONIC LIQUID CATALYZING MEDIUM

Described herein are methods of acylating an aryl substrate comprising combining a substituted aryl substrate with an acylating agent in the presence of a catalyzing medium, thereby acylating the substituted aryl substrate in the para position, wherein the catalyzing medium is an ionic liquid comprising at least one cation and at least one metal halide anion. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cation is an ammonium claim 1 , an imidazolium claim 1 , a pyridinium claim 1 , a phosphonium claim 1 , a sulphonium claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cation comprises an ammonium cation of the structure NRRRR claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare independently H claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted C-Calkyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted C-Ccycloalkyl claim 1 , or wherein claim 1 , as valence permits claim 1 , two or more of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and R claim 1 , together with the atoms to which they are attached claim 1 , form a 3-10 membered cyclic moiety.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , and Rare independently H or substituted or unsubstituted C-Calkyl.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cation comprises a phosphonium cation of the structure PRRRR claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare independently H claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted C-Calkyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted C-Ccycloalkyl claim 1 , or wherein claim 1 , as valence permits claim 1 , two or more of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and R claim 1 , together with the atoms to which they are attached claim 1 , form a 3-10 membered cyclic moiety.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , and Rare independently H or substituted or unsubstituted C-Calkyl.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cation comprises [AlCl(n-methyl-2- ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SUBSTITUTED PHENYL KETONES

The present invention relates to a process for providing substituted phenyl ketones. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of substituted phenoxyphenyl ketones obtained by the inventive process for the preparation of triazoles. 112-. (canceled)14. The process of claim 13 , wherein a Cu(I)-catalyst is added in step (i).15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the Cu(I)-catalyst ist Cu(I)Cl.16. The process of claim 13 , wherein R′ is iso-propyl.17. The process of claim 13 , wherein Hal is Br or Cl claim 13 , in particular Br.18. The process of claim 13 , wherein X is F.19. The process of claim 13 , wherein Ris selected from CH claim 13 , CH(CH)and cyclopropyl.20. The process of claim 13 , wherein the temperature during the reaction with (V) is kept in the range of −15° C. to 5° C.21. The process of claim 13 , wherein the temperature during the reaction with (V) is kept in the range of −10° C. to −5° C.23. The process of claim 22 , wherein the reaction to the oxirane (IB) is carried out with a trimethylsulf(ox)onium halide ((CH)S(O)Hal) (VII) claim 22 , wherein Hal is halogen claim 22 , or trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate of the formula (VIII) (CH)SCHSO.24. The process of claim 22 , wherein Ris Cl. The present invention relates to a process for providing substituted phenyl ketones.Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of substituted phenoxyphenyl ketones obtained by the inventive process for the preparation of triazoles.The substituted phenyl ketones provided by the process according to the present invention are valuable intermediate compounds for the synthesis of triazole compounds having pesticidal, in particular fungicidal activity. WO 2013/007767 is directed to fungicidal substituted 1-[4-phenoxy-2-(halogenalkyl)phenyl]-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol compounds, that can be synthesized via a respective phenyl ketone intermediate compound. WO 2014/108286 (EP 13150663.6; PCT/EP2013/077083), WO 2015/091045 (PCT/EP2014/076839) and WO2016/005211 (EP14176130.4 ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CUMENE

In a process for producing cumene, benzene and a C3 alkylating agent comprising isopropanol are supplied to an alkylation zone comprising a molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under alkylation conditions such that the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce a reaction product comprising cumene. Subsequently, the supply of benzene and C3 alkylating agent to the alkylation zone is ceased and a gaseous stripping agent is supplied to the molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to remove nitrogenous impurities deposited on the catalyst during the preceding alkylation reaction. The supply of benzene and C3 alkylating agent to the alkylation zone is then reinitiated. 1. A process for producing cumene comprising:{'sub': '3', '(a) supplying benzene and a Calkylating agent comprising isopropanol to an alkylation zone comprising a molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under alkylation conditions such that the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce a reaction product comprising cumene;'}{'sub': '3', '(b) ceasing the supply of benzene and Calkylating agent to the alkylation zone;'}(c) supplying a gaseous stripping agent to the molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under conditions to remove nitrogenous impurities deposited on the catalyst during (a); and{'sub': '3', '(d) reinitiating the supply of benzene and Calkylating agent to the alkylation zone.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gaseous stripping agent comprises at least one of N claim 1 , H claim 1 , alkane claim 1 , He claim 1 , Ar claim 1 , CO claim 1 , and CO.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said conditions in (c) comprise a temperature in the range from about 100 to about 600 ° C. and a pressure in the range from about 120 kPa-a to about 2170 kPa-a.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the supplying (c) is continued until the alkylation activity of the molecular sieve alkylation catalyst is increased to at least 60% of the alkylation activity of the fresh catalyst.5. The ...

DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANOLS TO INCREASE YIELD OF AROMATICS

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product. 1. A method of converting alkanols to aromatic hydrocarbons , the method comprising:{'sub': 1', '6', '1', '6, 'partially dehydrogenating a C-Calkanol feedstock in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst at an effective dehydrogenation temperature and an effective dehydrogenation pressure to produce a mixture of oxygenate components comprising (a) an unreacted C-Calkanol and (b) a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, an ester, or any combination thereof, wherein at least a portion of the oxygenate components in the mixture have a hydrogen to carbon effective ratio of less than 1.6, and wherein the mixture of oxygenate components has a total hydrogen to carbon effective ratio of between 1.0 and 1.8; and'}exposing the mixture of oxygenate components to an oxygenate conversion catalyst at an oxygenate conversion temperature and an oxygenate conversion pressure to produce aromatic hydrocarbons.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenate components comprises the carboxylic acid and wherein the carboxylic acid has a hydrogen to carbon effective ratio of less than 1.6.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the carboxylic acid is acetic acid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenate components comprises the ester and wherein the ester has a hydrogen to carbon effective ratio of less than 1.6.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein ester is ethyl acetate.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenate components comprises the aldehyde and wherein the aldehyde has a hydrogen to carbon effective ratio of less than 1.6.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the aldehyde is acetaladehyde.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the C-Calkanol ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Separation of a product of digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be challenging due to the various components contained therein. Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass, particularly a reaction product of a hydrothermal reaction containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, and organic salts, comprise providing acid solution to the organic salt containing process stream to convert the organic acid salts to acids to for further processing. 1. A method comprising:heating cellulosic biomass solids, molecular hydrogen, a catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, and a digestion solvent in a reactor in a first reaction zone to produce a first reaction product;providing an acid solution to the first reaction product to produce an acidified first reaction product;providing at least a portion of the acidified first reaction product to a separation zone comprising a liquid-liquid phase separation unit or a liquid-liquid extraction unit to recover an aqueous stream and a non-aqueous stream, wherein the aqueous stream comprises a major portion of water in said portion of the first reaction product;providing the aqueous stream to an aqueous stream separation zone to recover a light compounds from at least a portion of the aqueous phase in an overhead fraction, wherein the overhead fraction comprises a major portion of compounds with a normal boiling point of less than 150 degrees C. in said portion of the aqueous stream; andproviding at least a portion of the non-aqueous stream to a distillation unit to obtain at least an overhead fraction, a middle fraction, and a bottom fraction.2. The method of further comprising:providing at least one of the first reaction product and the second reaction product to a gas separator unit to recover a vapor fraction comprising compounds with a normal boiling point of 100 degrees C. or lower prior to providing the acid solution.3. The method of further comprising:providing at least one of the acidified first ...

Methods of synthesizing alpha acids and substantially enantiomerically pure compositions thereof

Methods of synthesizing a cis 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-5-(3-methylbutyl)-4-(4-methylpentanoyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one (“KDT500”) derivative are provided. Such methods may be used to synthesize any desired KDT derivative. In one embodiment, the KDT500 derivative is KDT501.

Low pressure drop packing material structures

A packed bed includes a vessel including a shell, an inlet, and an outlet, wherein the space inside the shell between the inlet and outlet forms an internal volume; a plurality of packing material structures filling at least a portion of the internal volume thereby forming a packed volume, wherein the packed volume has a void fraction, and the packing material structures provide an aggregate surface area; and the vessel has a pressure drop between the vessel inlet and vessel outlet, wherein the pressure drop is less than 1.0 times that of a packed bed of the non-twisted shapes with the same cross-section.

Cyclohexanone Compositions and Processes for Making Such Compositions

Disclosed are processes for making such cyclohexanone compositions from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene. Such cyclohexanone compositions comprise at least 99 wt % cyclohexanone, at most 0.15 wt % water, and at most 500 wppm combined of certain cyclohexanone impurities selected from the group consisting of: benzene, cyclohexene, pentanal, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, and phenol. 1. A process of obtaining a cyclohexanone composition comprising:first producing cyclohexylbenzene by contacting benzene with hydrogen in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst comprising a molecular sieve of the MCM-22 type and at least one hydrogenation metal selected from palladium, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, and mixtures thereof, to produce a crude feed of phenol, cyclohexanone and cyclohexylbenzene;isolated the cyclohexanone from the crude feed of phenol, cyclohexanone and cyclohexylbenzene by passing through a first distillation column, a hydrogenation reactor, and a cyclohexanone purification column, wherein the crude feed passes through a sorbent bed before passing to the first distillation column configured for removing at least a portion of the sulfur-containing components and/or the light components from a crude feed; (a) at least 99 wt % cyclohexanone;', '(b) 0.15 wt % or less water;', '(c) 0 to 10 wppm benzene;', '(d) 5 to 10 wppm cyclohexene;', '(e) 0 to 10 wppm pentanal;', '(f) 0 to 50 wppm cyclopentanol; and', '(g) 10 wppm to 40 wppm cyclohexanol; and, 'wherein the composition compriseswherein the wt % and wppm are each based upon total weight of the cyclohexanone composition.2. The process of claim 1 , comprising at least 99.9 wt % cyclohexanone and at most 0.05 wt % water claim 1 , based upon the total weight of the cyclohexanone composition.3. The process of claim 1 , comprising 1 wppm to 10 wppm pentanal claim 1 , based upon the total weight of the cyclohexanone composition.4. The process of claim 3 , comprising 10 wppm to 50 wppm ...

Catalysts based on Amino-Sulfide Ligands for Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Processes

The present application discloses novel amino-sulfide metal catalysts for organic chemical syntheses including hydrogenation (reduction) of unsaturated compounds or dehydrogenation of substrates. The range of hydrogenation substrate compounds includes esters, lactones, oils and fats, resulting in alcohols, diols, and triols as reaction products. The catalysts of current application can be used to catalyze a hydrogenation reaction under solvent free conditions. The present catalysts also allow the hydrogenation to proceed without added base, and it can be used in place of the conventional reduction methods employing hydrides of the main-group elements. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present application can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction under homogenous and/or acceptorless conditions. As such, the catalysts provided herein can be useful in substantially reducing cost and improving the environmental profile of manufacturing processes for a variety of chemicals.

Process for Producing Cyclohexylbenzene

In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene is reacted with cyclohexene under alkylation conditions effective to produce an alkylation effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene and a polycyclohexylbenzene. A first feed comprising at least a portion of the alkylation effluent is then fed to a first separation device, where the first feed is separated into at least a first fraction containing cyclohexylbenzene and a second fraction containing the polycyclohexylbenzene, the second fraction also comprising an oxygenated hydrocarbon. At least a portion of the oxygenated hydrocarbon is removed from at least a portion of the second fraction in a second separation device to obtain a second feed. The second feed may then be reacted in a transalkylation or dealkylation reactor to convert at least part of the polycyclohexylbenzene to additional cyclohexylbenzene.

PROCESS FOR FUNCTIONALIZING BIOMASS USING MOLYBDENUM CATALYSTS

The present invention concerns a process for converting biomass into useful organic building blocks for the chemical industry. The process involves the use of molybdenum catalysts of the formula Aa(MoXRRRe), which may be readily prepared from industrial molybdenum compounds. 215-. (canceled)16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature is in the range 175 to 250° C. claim 1 , 180 to 220° C. claim 1 , 190 to 210° C. claim 1 , or 195 to 205° C.17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polyol is a diol or a triol.18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the polyol is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 17 ,2-hexanediol claim 17 , 1 claim 17 ,2-tetradecanediol claim 17 , and glycerol.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the polyol is glycerol.20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is the polyol itself claim 1 , H claim 1 , or a diol different from the polyol.21. The process according to claim 20 , wherein the substrate is a diol different from the polyol.22. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of molybdenum catalyst is in the range 0.1 to 2.0 mol % claim 1 , 1 to 15 mol % claim 1 , 2. to 10 mol % claim 1 , 3 to 8 mol % claim 1 , or 4 to 7 mol %.23. The process according to claim 1 , wherein A is Na or NH.24. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Rhas one or more donor atoms selected from the group consisting of N claim 1 , P claim 1 , and S.25. The process according to claim 24 , wherein Ris 2 claim 24 ,2′-bipyridine.26. The process according to claim 1 , wherein V is 1 or 7.27. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a is 0 claim 1 , 2 claim 1 , or 6.28. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the molybdenum catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Mo(CO) claim 1 , Mo(CO)(bipy) claim 1 , MoOCl(bipy) claim 1 , MoOBr(bipy) claim 1 , MoO(CH)(bipy) claim 1 , (NH)MoO·4HO claim 1 , and NaMoO claim 1 , or mixtures thereof claim 1 , wherein bipy is 2 claim 1 ,2′- ...

Process for Making Cyclohexanone

Disclosed are novel processes for making cyclohexanone compositions, from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene. The process includes hydrogenation of a feed stream comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene. The feed stream may be subjected to one or more pre-hydrogenation treatments, such as passing through one or more sorbents, addition of basic chemical agents, and/or addition of water, so as to improve catalyst activity, minimize undesired side reactions, and/or remove catalyst poisons from the feed stream. The feed stream may be provided to a hydrogenation reaction zone in the vapor phase, with periodic alterations to hydrogenation reaction conditions such that the feed is provided in mixed liquid and vapor phase in order to carry out liquid washing of a hydrogenation catalyst bed within the hydrogenation reaction zone. 1. A process comprising:(a-1) during a first period of time, continuously providing hydrogen and hydrogenation feed comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene to a hydrogenation reaction zone in which a hydrogenation catalyst bed is disposed, thereby maintaining a reaction medium flowing through the hydrogenation catalyst bed within the hydrogenation reaction zone;(a-2) during the first period of time, maintaining initial temperature and initial pressure conditions within the hydrogenation reaction zone such that the reaction medium is entirely in vapor phase during the first period of time;(b) adjusting the initial temperature conditions, the initial pressure conditions, or both, within the hydrogenation reaction zone to obtain liquid washing temperature and pressure conditions within the hydrogenation reaction zone, such that the reaction medium is in mixed liquid and vapor phase after the adjusting; and(c) during a second period of time subsequent to the first period of time, maintaining the liquid washing temperature and pressure conditions within the hydrogenation reaction zone while ...

CATALYST PREPARATION PROCESS

A process for forming a catalyst from a catalytic metal precursor, a chelating bisphosphite and a bulky monophosphite, with a slightly greater than stoichiometric amount of chelating bisphosphite relative to catalytic metal under a CO partial pressure at least 25 psig. 1. A process comprising (A) forming a hydroformylation catalyst by contacting under reaction conditions , in the presence of a solvent , a catalytic metal precursor , at least one organopolyphosphite ligand , CO , hydrogen , a bulky organomonophosphite ligand and , optionally , an olefin , wherein: the molar organopolyphosphite-to-catalytic metal ratio is at least 1 but less than 2; the partial pressure of carbon monoxide is at least 25 psig; and the molar ratio of bulky organomonophosphite-to-catalytic metal is from 5:1 to 50:1; and then (B) allowing the organopolyphosphite ligand concentration to diminish such that the ratio of organopolyphosphite ligand-to-catalytic metal falls to less than 1.2. The process of wherein the contacting is conducted such that the organopolyphosphite ligand and the catalytic metal precursor are introduced first claim 1 , followed by addition of the bulky organomonophosphite.3. The process of wherein the organopolyphosphite and the catalytic metal precursor are contacted together prior to being contacted with the bulky organomonophosphite.4. The process of wherein the contacting is conducted such that the organopolyphosphite ligand is introduced first claim 1 , followed by addition of the catalytic metal precursor claim 1 , followed by addition of the bulky organomonophosphite.5. The process of wherein the partial pressure of carbon monoxide is from 30 psig to 250 psig.6. The process of wherein at some point in step (A) the molar organopolyphosphite-to-catalytic metal ratio is greater than 1.7. The process of wherein the at some point in step (A) molar organopolyphosphite-to-catalytic metal ratio is from 1.05 to 1.8.8. The process of wherein the at some point in step (A) ...

Process and System for Making Cyclohexanone

Disclosed are processes and systems for making cyclohexanone from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene, comprising a step of or a device for subjecting at least a portion of the mixture to hydrogenation and a step of or a device for distilling a phenol/cyclohexanone/cyclohexylbenzene mixture to obtain an effluent rich in cyclohexanone. 1. A process for making cyclohexanone , the process comprising:(A) feeding hydrogen and a hydrogenation feed into a hydrogenation reaction zone, the hydrogenation feed comprising, based on the total weight of the hydrogenation feed:phenol at a concentration in a range from 10 wt % to 99 wt %;cyclohexanone at a concentration in a range from 0.1 wt % to 50 wt %;cyclohexylbenzene at a concentration in a range from 0.001 wt % to 30 wt %; andbicyclohexane at a concentration in a range from 0.001 wt % to 30 wt %; and(B) contacting at least a portion of the phenol with at least a portion of the hydrogen in the hydrogenation reaction zone in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation reaction conditions such that at least a portion of the phenol is converted to cyclohexanone; wherein at least one of the following conditions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) is met:(i) the conversion of phenol is in a range from 30% to 95%;(ii) the conversion of cyclohexylbenzene is in a range from 0.1% to 20%;(iii) the selectivity of phenol to cyclohexanone is in a range from 80% to 99.9%; and(iv) the selectivity of phenol to cyclohexanol is in a range from 0.1% to 20%.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein:the hydrogenation feed further comprises cyclohexenone at a concentration in a range from 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %; andin step (B), the conversion of cyclohexenone is in a range from 85% to 100%.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (B) claim 1 , the hydrogenation catalyst has an adsorption affinity of phenol higher than an adsorption affinity of cyclohexanone.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (B) claim 1 , ...

Process and System for Making Cyclohexanone

Disclosed are processes and systems for making cyclohexanone from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene, comprising a step of or a device for subjecting at least a portion of the mixture to hydrogenation and a step of or a device for distilling a phenol/cyclohexanone/cyclohexylbenzene mixture to obtain an effluent rich in cyclohexanone. 1. A process for making cyclohexanone , the process comprising:(A) feeding hydrogen and a hydrogenation feed into a hydrogenation reaction zone, the hydrogenation feed comprising, based on the total weight of the hydrogenation feed:phenol at a concentration in a range from 10 wt % to 99 wt %;cyclohexanone at a concentration in a range from 0.1 wt % to 50 wt %;cyclohexylbenzene at a concentration in a range from 0.001 wt % to 30 wt %; andbicyclohexane at a concentration in a range from 0.001 wt % to 30 wt %; and(B) contacting at least a portion of the phenol with at least a portion of the hydrogen in the hydrogenation reaction zone in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation reaction conditions such that at least a portion of the phenol is converted to cyclohexanone, wherein the hydrogenation reaction conditions comprise a temperature in a range from 140° C. to 300° C. and an absolute pressure in a range from 375 kPa to 1200 kPa, such that in the hydrogenation reaction zone at least one of the following conditions is met:(i) at least 50% of the cyclohexylbenzene is present in liquid phase; and(ii) at least 50% of the phenol is present in liquid phase.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation conditions comprise a temperature in a range from 140° C. to 240° C. claim 1 , and an absolute pressure in a range from 400 kPa to 1000 kPa.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (B) claim 1 , at least one of the following conditions (i) claim 1 , (ii) claim 1 , (iii) claim 1 , and (iv) is met:(i) the conversion of phenol is in a range from 30% to 95%;(ii) the conversion of ...

Process and System for Making Cyclohexanone

Disclosed are processes and systems for making cyclohexanone from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene, comprising a step of or a device for subjecting at least a portion of the mixture to hydrogenation and a step of or a device for distilling a phenol/cyclohexanone/cyclohexylbenzene mixture to obtain an effluent rich in cyclohexanone. 1. A process for making cyclohexanone , the process comprising:(A) feeding hydrogen and a hydrogenation feed into a hydrogenation reaction zone, the hydrogenation feed comprising, based on the total weight of the hydrogenation feed:phenol at a concentration in a range from 10 wt % to 99 wt %;cyclohexanone at a concentration in a range from 0.1 wt % to 50 wt %;cyclohexylbenzene at a concentration in a range from 0.001 wt % to 30 wt %; andbicyclohexane at a concentration in a range from 0.001 wt % to 30 wt %; and(B) contacting at least a portion of the phenol with at least a portion of the hydrogen in the hydrogenation reaction zone in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation reaction conditions such that at least a portion of the phenol is converted to cyclohexanone, wherein the hydrogenation reaction conditions comprise a temperature in a range from 140° C. to 300° C. and an absolute pressure in a range from 100 kPa to 400 kPa, such that in the hydrogenation reaction zone at least one of the following conditions is met:(i) at least 90% of the cyclohexylbenzene is present in vapor phase; and(ii) at least 90% of the phenol is present in vapor phase.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation conditions comprise a temperature in a range from 140° C. to 240° C. claim 1 , and an absolute pressure in a range from 100 kPa to 200 kPa.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein in step (B) claim 1 , at least one of the following conditions (i) claim 1 , (ii) claim 1 , (iii) claim 1 , and (iv) is met:(i) the conversion of phenol is in a range from 30% to 95%;(ii) the conversion of ...

Method for removing a metal deposit placed on a surface in a chamber

A method for removing a metallic deposit disposed on a surface in a chamber, including the following steps: a) a step of oxidizing the metallic deposit; b) a step of injecting chemical species adapted to volatilized the oxidized metallic deposit, the step b) being implemented during at least a part of step a); and in step b), the chemical species are injected according to a sequence of pulses.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING OPTICALLY ACTIVE 2,3-DIHYDROFARNESAL

A method for producing an optically active 2,3-dihydrofarnesal of formula (1) is disclosed. The method includes subjecting β-farnesene f formula (2) to amination in the presence of a lithium salt of an amine to obtain (2E)-farnesyl allylamine of general formula (3); subjecting the (2E)-farnesyl allylamine to asymmetric isomerization to obtain an optically active farnesyl enamine of general formula (4); and subjecting the optically active farnesyl enamine to solvolysis: 4. The optically active farnesyl enamine according to claim 3 , whereinthe configuration of the optically active farnesyl enamine of general formula (4) is in the 3S-form.5. The optically active farnesyl enamine according to claim 3 , whereinthe configuration of the optically active farnesyl enamine of general formula (4) is in the 3R-form. The present invention relates particularly to a method for producing an optically active 2,3-dihydrofarnesal in a short process, which is economically advantageous. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing an optically active 2,3-dihydrofarnesal in which the diene moiety of β-farnesene is subjected to selective amination to obtain (2E)-dihydrofarnesyl allylamine, the obtained (2E)-dihydrofarnesyl allylamine is subjected to asymmetric isomerization to obtain an optically active dihydrofarnesyl enamine, and the obtained optically active dihydrofarnesyl enamine is subjected to solvolysis to obtain the optically active 2,3-dihydrofarnesal.2,3-Dihydrofarnesal is known as a flavor and/or fragrance substance characterized in an aroma with a floral note (Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei 8-3092). 2,3-Dihydrofarnesal is known to be present in animals and plants in the natural world. For example, 2,3-Dihydrofarnesal is known to be present in an extract of Orchids (), flower scent components of (Phytochemical Analysis (1997), 8(4), pp. 159-166), pheromone components of Bumblebees and Cuckoo Bumblebees (Chirality (2004), 16(4), pp. ...

CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES BY CATALYTIC FAST PYROLYSIS PROCESS

In this invention, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are reacted in a process to form one or more chemical intermediates. 1. A method for producing aromatics from biomass-derived materials comprising:a) feeding a hydrocarbonaceous material comprising fermentation products to a reactor, and pyrolyzing within the reactor at least a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous material to produce one or more pyrolysis products;b) catalytically reacting at least a portion of the pyrolysis products of step a) to produce hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics, and separating at least a portion of the hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics; andc) recovering aromatics from the portion of hydrocarbon products of step b).2. The method of wherein the fermentation products comprise furfural.3. A method for producing chemical intermediates comprising:a) feeding a hydrocarbonaceous material to a reactor, and pyrolyzing within the reactor at least a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous material to produce one or more pyrolysis products;b) catalytically reacting at least a portion of the pyrolysis products of step a) to produce hydrocarbon products comprising benzene and/or toluene, and separating at least a portion of the hydrocarbon products comprising benzene and/or toluene;c) catalytically reacting at least a portion of biomass-derived carbon monoxide to produce methanol; andd) catalytically reacting at least a portion of the methanol produced in step c) with at least a portion of the benzene and/or toluene produced in step b) to produce xylenes.4. The method of wherein the carbon monoxide of step c) is produced from the pyrolysis of step a).5. The method of wherein the pyrolysis of step a) is catalytic pyrolysis.6. A method for producing one or more fluid chemical intermediates from a hydrocarbonaceous material claim 3 , comprising:a) feeding a hydrocarbonaceous material to a reactor, and pyrolyzing within the reactor at least a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous material ...

Prevention of tissue ischemia and related methods

Provided herein are compositions for preventing, ameliorating, and/or reducing tissue ischemia and/or tissue damage due to ischemia, increasing blood vessel diameter, blood flow and tissue perfusion in the presence of vascular disease including peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and influencing other conditions, by suppressing CD47 and/or blocking TSP1 and/or CD47 activity or interaction. Influencing the interaction of CD47-TSP1 in blood vessels allows for control of blood vessel diameter and blood flow, and permits modification of blood pressure and cardiac function. Under conditions of decreased blood flow, for instance through injury or atherosclerosis, blocking TSP1-CD47 interaction allows blood vessels to dilate and increases blood flow, tissue perfusion and tissue survival.

Method for producing 7-octenal

Provided is a method for highly selectively producing 7-octenal with a high conversion ratio through the isomerization reaction of 2,7-octadiene-1-ol. Specifically, provided is a method for producing 7-octenal, in which a copper-based catalyst is obtained by reducing a copper-based catalyst precursor described below, and an isomerization reaction of 2,7-octadiene-1-ol is caused in a gas phase using a fixed-bed reaction in the presence of the obtained copper-based catalyst. The copper-based catalyst precursor: a copper-based catalyst precursor obtained by calcining a mixture containing copper, iron, aluminum, and calcium silicate in which an atomic ratio of iron and aluminum to copper [(Fe+Al)/Cu] is in a range of 1.71 to 2.5, an atomic ratio of aluminum to iron [Al/Fe] is in a range of 0.001 to 3.3, and calcium silicate is contained in a range of 15% by mass to 65% by mass at a temperature in a range of 500° C. to 1,000° C.

METHOD OF HYDROGENATION

Provided is a method of hydrogenation comprising forming a reaction mixture comprising 1. A method of hydrogenation comprising forming a reaction mixture comprising(a) one or more reactant selected from the group consisting of phenol, one or more derivatives of phenol, and mixtures thereof;(b) hydrogen; and(c) catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises beads that comprise one or more acid-functional organic resin and one or more metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, silver, gold, rhodium, ruthenium, copper, iridium, and mixtures thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid-functional organic resin comprises carboxylic acid groups.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid-functional organic resin comprises acrylic polymer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises palladium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant is phenol.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation produces one or more products that comprise cyclohexanone or a derivative thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is conducted at temperature less than 200° C. A hydrogenation reaction that is often desired is the conversion of phenol or a derivative of phenol to cyclohexanone or to a derivative of cyclohexanone. Such hydrogenations are sometimes performed by bringing phenol or a derivative of phenol into contact with a catalyst. WO 2015163221 describes a hydrogenation process involving contact between phenol and a catalyst, and the catalyst described by WO 2015163221 contains metal and has a carrier such as silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zirconia, zeolites, or activated carbon.It is desired to provide a method of hydrogenation that uses a metal-containing catalyst that has a carrier that is an organic resin. It is contemplated that such a catalyst would have one or more of the following advantages: capability of performing catalysis at relatively low temperature; good resistance to leaching out of metal loaded onto the ...

Aldehyde-selective wacker-type oxidation of unbiased alkenes

This disclosure is directed to methods of preparing organic aldehydes, each method comprising contacting a terminal olefin with an oxidizing mixture comprising: (a) a dichloro-palladium complex; (b) a copper complex; (c) a source of nitrite; under aerobic reaction conditions sufficient to convert at least a portion of the terminal olefin to an aldehyde.

Process and Apparatus for the Conversion of Hydrocarbons

A hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The process includes contacting in a reactor an inert gas with one or more catalyst compositions suitable for methylation of toluene and hydrogenation of phenol; contacting a reducing agent with the one or more catalyst compositions under conditions suitable for reducing metal oxide content of the catalyst composition; contacting at least part of toluene and/or benzene-containing with a oxygenate in the presence of the one or more catalyst compositions and under conditions effective to convert toluene to xylenes and produce a reactor effluent stream comprising para-xylene and having a lower concentration of phenol than the toluene-containing stream; separating at least one para-xylene-enriched stream from the reactor effluent stream; and separating from the at least one para-xylene enriched stream at least one toluene-enriched stream and at least one para-xylene-product stream. An apparatus for carrying out such a process is also described. 118.-. (canceled)19. A hydrocarbon conversion apparatus comprising:a reactor having therein one or more catalyst compositions effective to convert an aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising ≥5.0 wt % toluene and/or benzene having phenol therein to a reactor effluent stream comprising para-xylene and having a lower concentration of phenol than the toluene-containing stream;an inert gas source in fluid communication with the reactor and configured to provide an inert gas to the one or more catalyst compositions;a reducing agent source configured to provide a reducing agent to the one or more catalyst compositions to reduce metal oxide content thereof;a first separator for recovering para-xylene from the reactor effluent stream to produce at least one para-xylene-enriched stream; anda second separator configured to separate from the at least one para-xylene enriched stream at least one toluene-enriched stream and at least one para-xylene-product stream.20. The apparatus of claim 19 , ...