СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ D-ПСИКОЗЫ ВЫСОКОЙ ЧИСТОТЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения D-псикозы, который может быть использован в химической промышленности. Способ включает эпимеризацию D-фруктозы в D-псикозу для получения содержащего D-псикозу раствора, первое охлаждение и ионную очистку содержащего D-псикозу раствора, первое концентрирование и второе охлаждение очищенного содержащего D-псикозу раствора, хроматографию содержащего D-псикозу раствора, который подвергали первому концентрированию и второму охлаждению, для получения содержащего D-фруктозу маточного раствора и содержащего D-псикозу отделенного раствора, и второе концентрирование и третье охлаждение содержащего D-псикозу отделенного раствора для получения кристаллов D-псикозы, где содержащий D-фруктозу маточный раствор, полученный с помощью хроматографии, повторно используют в эпимеризации D-псикозы, и где маточный раствор, полученный в результате кристаллизации D-псикозы, повторно используют в первом охлаждении и ионной очистке, первом концентрировании и втором охлаждении ...

СПОСОБ ФТОРИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ СИНТЕЗА 2-[18F]-ФТОР-2-ДЕЗОКСИ-D-ГЛЮКОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения защищенного фторированного производного глюкозы, включающему взаимодействие производного тетраацетилманнозы с фторидом, отличающемуся тем, что реакцию проводят в растворителе, содержащем воду в количестве, превышающем 1000 частей на миллион и составляющем менее 50000 частей на миллион. Предпочтительно защищенное фторированное производное глюкозы представляет собой 2-фтор-1,3,4,6-тетра-O-ацетил-D-глюкозу (тетраацетилфторглюкозу или pFDG), производное тетраацетилманнозы представляет собой 1,3,4,6-тетра-O-ацетил-2-O-трифторметансульфонил-β-D-маннопиранозу (трифлат тетраацетилманнозы), растворитель представляет собой ацетонитрил, фторид представляет собой ионный фторид с калиевым противоионом и к фториду добавлен катализатор фазового переноса, такой как 4,7,13,16,21,24-гексаокса-1,10-диазабицикло-[8,8,8]-гексакозан. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 3 ил.

СПОСОБ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ НИЗКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО САХАРА В ЭТАНОЛ

Способ ферментации низкомолекулярного сахара в этанол включает смешивание низкомолекулярного сахара, одного или нескольких ферментирующих микроорганизмов и модифицированной биомассы, ферментацию низкомолекулярного сахара в условиях, подходящих для конвертирования сахара в этанол. Причем модифицированная биомасса имеет объемную плотность менее чем примерно 0,5 г/сми содержит целлюлозные волокна, которые по существу были подвергнуты облучению и содержат группы карбоновой кислоты. Ферментирующий микроорганизм включает дрожжи, выбранные из группы, состоящей из S. cerevisiae и Р.Stipitis, или бактерии Zymomonas mobilis. Изобретение позволяет получить этанол с выходом, равным по меньшей мере 140%. 16 з.п. ф-лы, 40 ил, 78 табл., 32 пр.

МИКРОНИЗАЦИЯ ПОЛИОЛОВ

Способ микронизации полиола включает стадии: а) обеспечение наличия твердого полиола, имеющего химическую формулу CHO, являющегося твердым материалом при 20-25°С, b) подачу полиола в струйную мельницу и приложение давления с использованием азота и с) сбор микронизированного полиола. Предложены также микронизированные полиолы, полученные заявленным способом, с распределением частиц по размерам (d) от 20 до 60 мкм и текучестью ниже или равной 5 с/100 г, предпочтительно ниже 5 с/100 г. Микронизированные полиолы, хотя имеют более низкое распределение частиц по размерам по сравнению с размолотыми полиолами, обладают улучшенной сыпучестью. Наиболее предпочтительно, полиол выбирают из группы, включающей одно или несколько таких соединений, как мальтит, изомальт, маннит, сорбит, ксилит и эритрит. Предпочтительные полиолы также характеризуются индексом прессуемости, равным или выше 40. Микронизированный полиол используют в пищевой композиции, в частности в композициях для жевательной резинки, а ...

ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ АРИЛСУЛЬФОНАМИДОЗАМЕЩЕННОЙ ГИДРОКСАМОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ИНГИБИТОРОВ МЕТАЛЛОПРОТЕИНАЗ МАТРИКСА

... 1. Соединения формулы (I) где R1 представляет собой алкильную группу, замещенную одним или несколькими заместителями, выбранными из группы, состоящей из ОН, SH, NH2, NHR′, Х-глюцида, Х-гликоаминокислоты и Х-гликопептида, где R′ выбран из группы, состоящей из низшего алкила, возможно замещенного одной или несколькими гидроксильными группами, арила, арилалкила, Х-глюцида, X-гликоаминокислоты, Х-гликопептида и боковых цепей из аминокислот, и Х представляет собой двухвалентную связывающую группу, включающую в себя атомы, выбранные из О, S, N и С, при условии, что R1 включает в себя, по меньшей мере, две группы ОН, R2 выбран из группы, состоящей из Н, алкила, возможно замещенного одним или несколькими гидроксилами, арила и боковых цепей из аминокислот, R3 выбран из группы, состоящей из Н, ОН, алкила, арила, оксоалкила и оксоарила, и их пролекарства и их фармацевтически приемлемые соли. 2. Соединения формулы (I) по п.1, где R1 представляет собой группу формулы (II) где R4 выбран из Х-глюцида, ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЛАКТОЗЫ ИЗ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТАГАТОЗЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГАЛАКТОЗЫ

... 1. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы, включающий:проведение экстракции лиственницы горячей водой с получением арабиногалактана;проведение кислотного гидролиза экстрагированного горячей водой арабиногалактана с получением кислотного гидролизата; ивыделение галактозы из кислотного гидролизата.2. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором экстракция горячей водой включает переработку лиственницы на щепы или опилки.3. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором экстракцию горячей водой проводят при температуре от 15°С до менее чем 100°С в течение от 0,5 до 24 часов.4. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором кислотный гидролиз включает добавление от 0,1% (масс./об.) до 15% (масс./об.) серной кислоты к арабиногалактану, экстрагированному горячей водой.5. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором выделение галактозы включает выделение галактозы хроматографией.6. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 5, ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ С5 И С6 ОЛИГОСАХАРИДЫ

... 1. Композиция, включающая:по меньшей мере, один водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид гидролизата;необязательно, по меньшей мере, один водорастворимый C6 моносахарид гидролизата; исуммарно меньше чем приблизительно 5250 частей на миллион (ppm) по массе элементов, в расчете на общую массу указанного водорастворимого C6 олигосахарида гидролизата и указанного водорастворимого C6 моносахарида гидролизата в указанной композиции;где указанные элементы представляют собой Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, и Zn.2. Композиция по п.1, где указанный водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид гидролизата включает C6 олигосахарид, имеющий степень полимеризации от приблизительно 2 до приблизительно 15.3. Композиция по п.1, где указанный водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид гидролизата включает C6 олигосахарид, имеющий степень полимеризации от приблизительно 2 до приблизительно 13.4. Композиция по п.1, где указанный водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид ...

СПОСОБЫ КОНВЕРСИИ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ В ФУРАНОВЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ

ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ АРИЛСУЛЬФОНАМИДОЗАМЕЩЕННОЙ ГИДРОКСАМОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ИНГИБИТОРОВ МЕТАЛЛОПРОТЕИНАЗ МАТРИКСА

... 1. Соединение формулы (I) !! где R1 представляет собой Н, ! R2 представляет собой гидроксиметил и ! R3 представляет собой метокси, или его пролекарства или их фармацевтически приемлемые соли. ! 2. Фармацевтические композиции, включающие соединение формулы (I) по п.1 в качестве активного ингредиента. ! 3. Фармацевтические композиции по п.2, дополнительно включающие фармацевтически приемлемые эксципиенты и/или разбавители. ! 4. Применение соединения формулы (I) по п.1 для получения фармацевтических композиций для лечения заболеваний, связанных с повышенной активностью металлопротеиназ матрикса. ! 5. Применение по п.4, где указанная металлопротеиназа матрикса является металлоэластазой макрофагов (ММР-12). ! 6. Применение по п.5, где указанным заболеванием, связанным с повышенной активностью металлопротеиназы матрикса, является легочная эмфизема. ! 7. Применение по п.4, где указанной металлопротеиназой матрикса являются коллагеназа и коллагеназа 3 нейтрофилов (ММР-8 и ММР-13 соответственно) ...

L-САХАРНЫЙ АГЕНТ, ОЧИЩАЮЩИЙ ТОЛСТУЮ КИШКУ, И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Моногидрат L-глюкозы.2. Моногидрат L-глюкозы по п.1, имеющий картину дифракции рентгеновских лучей на порошке (XRPD), содержащую один или более чем один характеристический пик при примерно 9,24, примерно 18,46, примерно 19,78, примерно 20,24 и примерно 28,36±0,2° 2θ.3. Моногидрат L-глюкозы по п.1, имеющий картину дифракции рентгеновских лучей на порошке (XRPD), содержащую характеристические пики при примерно 9,24, примерно 18,46, примерно 19,78, примерно 20,24 и примерно 28,36±0,2° 2θ.4. Моногидрат L-глюкозы по п.1, имеющий картину дифракции рентгеновских лучей на порошке (XRPD), содержащую один или более чем один характеристический пик при примерно 9,24, примерно 12,78, примерно 14,60, примерно 16,48, примерно 18,46, примерно 19,32, примерно 19,78, примерно 20,24, примерно 20,56, примерно 21,70, примерно 22,84, примерно 23,50, примерно 25,52, примерно 26,56, примерно 27,62, примерно 27,84, примерно 28,36, примерно 29,40, примерно 30,80, примерно 30,98, примерно 31,22, примерно 32,38 ...

L-сахарный агент, очищающий толстую кишку, и его применения

... 1. Способ очищения толстой кишки, включающий введение субъекту одной или более чем одной дозы композиции, содержащей L-caxap в количестве большем чем примерно 48 г.2. Способ по п. 1, где количество L-caxapa составляет от примерно 48 г до примерно 200 г.3. Способ по п. 1, где количество L-caxapa составляет от примерно 50 г до примерно 150 г.4. Способ по п. 1, где количество L-caxapa составляет от примерно 60 г до примерно 140 г.5. Способ по п. 1, где количество L-caxapa составляет от примерно 70 г до примерно 130 г.6. Способ по п. 1, где количество L-caxapa составляет от примерно 80 г до примерно 120 г.7. Способ по п. 1, где количество L-caxapa составляет от примерно 90 г до примерно 110 г.8. Способ по п. 1, где L-caxap включает L-глюкозу.9. Способ по п. 1, где L-caxap включает моногидрат L-глюкозы.10. Способ по п. 1, где введение включает введение первой дозы композиции, содержащей L-caxap, и второй дозы композиции, содержащей L-сахар.11. Способ по п. 10, где первая доза содержит по меньшей ...

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON RHAMNOSE AUS RHAMNOLIPIDEN

The invention relates to a process for the production of rhamnose from rhamnolipids in which an acid emulsion of the rhamnolipid is hydrolysed at 100 to 200 DEG C and then cooled, the aqueous phase of the hydrolysate produced is separated from the lipid phase, its pH is raised by the addition of a basic compound, any remaining precipitate is separated, the remaining solution condensed and either further processed directly or chromatographed via an ion exchange resin. The eluate comprises rhamnose-containing fractions which can be further processed as such or converted into crystalline rhamnose monohydrate.

Katalysatorregenerierung

Verfahren zur enzymatischen Herstellung von Alpha-Glykosiden und deren Estern

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KRISTALLINER L-ARABINOSE

Verfahren zur Epimerisierung von Sacchariden

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Epimerisierung von Sacchariden durch Erhitzen eines in einem Lösungsmittel gelösten Saccharids in Gegenwart eines Metall-haltigen Katalysators, wobei man eine Aldose mit einem festen metall-organischen Katalysator kontaktiert, wobei der metall-organische Katalysator ein vernetztes, poröses Polymer ausbildet, welches Metallatome M enthält, die durch jeweils zwei bis vier organische Linkermoleküle L kovalent miteinander verbunden sind, wobei L ein substituierter oder unsubstituierter, acyclischer oder cyclischer Alkylenrest oder ein substituierter oder unsubstituierter Arylenrest mit 5 bis 50 C-Atomen ist, und wobei der metall-organische Katalysator wenigstens eine Hydroxygruppe an wenigstens einem Metallatom M aufweist.

VERFAHREN ZUR AUFKONZENTRIERUNG WAESSRIGER LOESUNGEN VON ORGANISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN, DIE SALZE ENTHALTEN, UNTER GLEICHZEITIGER VERRINGERUNG DES SALZGEHALTES

Binders and associated products

PREPARATION OF MANNOSE BISULPHITE ADDUCTS

... 1339770 Mannose bisulphite adducts ITT INDUSTRIES Inc 25 March 1971 [2 April 1970] 26764/72 Divided out of 1339769 Heading C2C Mannose bisulphite adducts are made by reacting a gross carbohydrate mixture with sufficient alkali metal and/or ammonium bisulphite to form bisulphite adducts of all the sugars present in the solution; fractionally crystallizing the mannose bisulphite adducts from the solution and recovering mannose bisulphite adduct crystals.

Microwave assisted citrus waste biorefinery

PROCESS FOR MAKING L-SUGARS AND D-FRUCTOSE

Method for production of sugars from biomass

A process for the production of monosaccharides from biomass comprising cellulose and hemicellulose, the process comprising: adjusting pH of a biomass material to a value below pH 5 by adding inorganic acid; converting all cellulose and hemicellulose into monosaccharides by passing alternating electric current through the biomass, wherein the said step occurs in a monosaccharide production reactor. The biomass conversion into monosaccharides is preferably conducted at a pH range of 4.5-1, particularly 4.5-3.5; preferably at a temperature range of 70-160°C; and preferably at a pressure of 1-6 bara. The frequency of the alternating electric current is preferably in the range of 30-10000 Hz, particularly 50-60 Hz. The inorganic acid is preferably hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. The monosaccharide production reactor may be an ohmic heater. A monosaccharides production reactor comprising at least two electrodes contained within a cylindrical vessel having inlet and outlet ports at opposite ends ...

PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION OF ALPHA MONOHYDRATE DEXTROSE UTILIZING HIGH AGITATION

Process for making D-fructose

The invention relates to a method for producing D-fructose from D-glucose, which comprises the steps of: a) epimerizing D-glucose 1 to a mixture of D-glucose and D-mannose 3; b) separating said D-glucose 5 from the mixture with D-mannose; c) hydrogenating said D-mannose 6 to provide D-mannitol 9; d) oxidizing said D-mannitol to provide a solution of D-fructose 13; and e) crystallizing said D-fructose solution to provide crystals of D-fructose 15. D-Fructose is useful as a sweetener ener for foodstuffs.

PREPARATION OF D-MANNITOL

New method of preparation of D-ribose.

Process of treatment of aqueous juice sweetened in order to separate and select saccharides with ketonic function.

PROCEDURE FOR THE ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF FRUCTOSYLVERBINDUNGEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF ALPHA GLYKOSIDEN AND THEIR ESTERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF KETOSE SUGARS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE CHEMICAL OR ENZYMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF A ALDOSE OR A ALDOSEDERIVATES IN AN APPROPRIATE KETOSE OR AN APPROPRIATE KETOSEDERIVAT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RHAMNOSE FROM RHAMNOLIPIDEN.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE LARABINOSE.

Sprühgetrocknetes Gemisch humaner Milch-Oligosaccharide

Offenbart ist ein sprühgetrocknetes Pulver, bestehend aus einer Mischung aus strukturell unterschiedlicher Humanmilcholigosaccariden, Methoden für die Produktion des sprühgetrockneten Pulvers sowie die Verwendung für die Zubereitung der Ernährungszusammensetzungen und Ernährungszusammensetzungen mit diesem sprühgetrocknetem Pulver.

PROCEDURE FOR THE DEMINERALIZATION OF A SUGAR SOLUTION AND ANION EXCHANGER

PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY PURE L-RIBOSE FROM L ARABINOSE

CONNECTIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MONO SACCHARIDES

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION 18 F-MARKING GLYKOSYLIERUNGSREAGENZ AS WELL AS 18 f GLYKOSYLIERUNGSREAGENZ AND ITS USE

CHROMATOGRAPHI SEPARATION PROCESS

FUMARIC ACID DOUBLE SALTS WITH CARNITIN AND A AMINO ACID AND FOOD AND FOOD ADDITIVES AND MEDICINES THIS CONTAINING

NEW PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLS

Method for the preparation of D-erythro-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-1-oxoribose derivative

CARBOHYDRATE PROCESS

Process for improved seaweed biomass conversion for fuel intermediates, agricultural nutrients and fresh water

The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), K ...

Removing impurities from sugar solutions

Provided is a process for removing impurities from a solution (SI), wherein said solution (SI) comprises one or more sugar dissolved in an aqueous solvent, wherein said solution (SI) has conductivity at 25°C of 500 S/cm or higher, and wherein said process comprises (a) contacting said solution (S1) with a cation exchange resin (R1) to produce a solution (S2) in which 80% or more of the cations are all of the same element (E); and (b) then contacting said solution (S2) with a cation exchange resin (R2) in which, prior to said contacting, 90% or more of acid groups are in the salt form with said element (E). Also provided is a process for producing glycols comprising providing an extract solution by the process of claim 1, and then contacting said solution (S3) with hydrogen and a metal catalyst.

Process for manufacturing tagatose

Compositions and methods for degenerative disc regeneration

Compositions comprising combinations of chondroitin, glucosamine, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFp1) and WISP-2 are disclosed. Methods, uses and systems relating to the reduction of pain in a patient that emanates from a body area, preferably spine orjoint are described. Methods of treatment or prevention are described for a disease or condition selected from degenerative disc disease, disc injury, pain, arthritis, or suspected arthritis.

Inhibitors of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases

PREPARING MANNITOL FROM GLUCOSE

SPHERICAL PARTICLE OF CRYSTALLINE MANNITOL

Spherical particles of crystalline mannitol made by spray drying, extremely spherical (having an aspect ratio of 1.0 to 1.2), high oil absorption rates according to test method A, wherein powder has a mean particle diameter of 15 to 165 pm, a loose bulk density of 0.35 to 0.60 and an angle of repose of 30 to 50 degrees, and has a hardness of 7 to 20 kgf, when directly compressed.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYHYDROXYL COMPOUNDS

A process is disclosed for preparing mixtures of low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds and optionally hydroxyaldehydes and ketones by condensing formaldehyde hydrate with itself in the presence of(A) soluble or insoluble lead(II) salts or of divalent lead attached to a high molecular weight carrier, and(B) a co-catalyst, comprising a mixture of hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones obtainable by condensation of formaldehyde, which mixture contains at least 75%, by weight, of C3 to C6 compounds and is characterized by the following molar ratios: Compounds having 3 carbon atoms/compounds having 4 carbon atoms from 0.5:1 to 2.0:1; Compounds having 4 carbon atoms/compounds having 5 carbon atoms from 0.2:1 to 2.0:1; Compounds having 5 carbon atoms/compounds having 6 carbon atoms from 0.5:1 to 5.0:1; The pH of the reaction mixture is held at from 6.0 to 7.0 until from 10 to 60% conversion has occurred and is then lowered to between 4.0 to 6.0 until 90-100% conversion has occurred. The reaction ...

CONVERSION OF ALDOSE TO KETOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF A COMPLEXING REAGENT

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE TAGATOSE

A process for producing crystalline tagatose from an aqueous system containing no organic solvents. The process comprises adding seed tagatose crystals to a tagatose solution which has a solid concentration of 60 to 98 wt.% and in which the purity of the tagatose is 70% or higher based on the solid matter and stirring and cooling the resultant mixture while keeping the degree of supersaturation with tagatose at 1.25 or lower to crystallize the tagatose. The tagatose solution preferably contains no organic solvents. It is desirable that part of the massecuite resulting from the crystallization be added to the mother liquor to semicontinuously or continuously produce crystalline tagatose. The crystalline tagatose yielded from the massecuite is preferably taken out by centrifugal separation or filtration and dried.

ALKYLIDENATION OF FRUCTOSE WITH PERFLUORINATED ACID CATALYSTS

RNAI AGENTS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR INHIBITING EXPRESSION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN C-III (APOC3)

The present disclosure relates to RNAi agents, e.g., double stranded RNAi agents, capable of inhibiting Apolipoprotein C-III (also called APOC3, apoC-III, APOC-III, and APO C- III) gene expression, and compositions that include APOC3 RNAi agents. The APOC3 RNAi agents disclosed herein may be conjugated to targeting ligands. including ligands that include N -acetylgalactosamine, to facilitate the delivery to cells, including to hepatocytes. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more APOC3 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the APOC3 RNAi agents in vivo provides for inhibition of APOC3 gene expression, and can result in lower triglycerides and or cholesterol levels in the subject. The APOC3 RNAi agents can be used in methods of treatment of APOC3-related diseases and disorders, including hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic-related disorders and diseases.

CELL-FREE PRODUCTION OF ALLULOSE

Provided herein, in some embodiments, are cell-free systems, methods, kits, and compositions (e.g., cells and cell lysates) for converting a polysaccharide to allulose via the use of enzymes, such as thermostable enzymes.

RESIN BEADS AND USE IN PROCESSING OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

A method of processing an aqueous solution, wherein the aqueous solution comprises one or more dissolved sugar, one or more dissolved sugar alcohol, or a mixture thereof, wherein the method comprises bringing the aqueous solution into contact with a collection of resin beads, wherein the resin beads comprisefunctional groups of structure (S1).

MEDICAMENT COMPRISING A REDUCING ALKYL-SUGAR MONOMER FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

La présente invention concerne un médicament comprenant au moins un monomère d'alkyl~sucre réducteur dont une fonction hydroxyle est substituée par un radical alkoxy en C2-C40, ledit médicament est avantageusement destiné à réguler les mécanismes inflammatoires. Le sucre réducteur est avantageusement choisi dans le groupe constitué par le rhamnose, le fucose et le glucose. Elle concerne également une méthode de traitement cosmétique par application topique d'une composition comprenant au moins un monomère d'alkyl-sucre réducteur, dont une fonction hydroxyle est substituée par un radical alkoxy en C2-C40.

DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF CELLULOSE AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF GLUCOSE

A method for decomposing cellulose to be contained in a cellulose raw material is provided. A pulverized cellulose based biomass is enclosed in a pressure closed vessel, and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a concentration of %, pure water and 5 g of nickel oxyhydroxide obtained by solid-solving therein at least one kind of zinc, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, manganese, cobalt, copper and tin relative to nickel are added to prepare a catalytic reaction solution. Next, the catalytic reaction solution for decomposing cellulose by using nickel oxyhydroxide as a catalyst is subjected to a decomposition reaction of cellulose while stirring by using a stirring blade and heating at a temperature rising rate of 5.degree.C/min. The reaction is carried out under autogenous pressure (saturated vapor pressure of water) in the reactor. After the temperature of the catalytic reaction solution has reached a prescribed temperature, the resulting catalytic reaction solution is heated for one hour ...

METHOD FOR PURIFYING OSES WITHOUT ADJUSTING PH

La présente invention concerne un procédé de purification d'oses issus de l'hémicellulose provenant de biomasses lignocellulosiques, lesdits oses étant contenus dans un hydrolysat acide obtenu par hydrolyse partielle de biomasses lignocellulosiques au moyen d'au moins un catalyseur acide, ledit hydrolysat acide comportant en outre une matrice cellulosique, des résidus solides et/ou des matières en suspension, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes : - on élimine, de l'hydrolysat acide, la matrice cellulosique et les résidus solides et/ou les matières en suspension pour obtenir un hydrolysat clarifié; - sans aucun ajout de réactif chimique basique pour augmenter le pH, on soumet ledit hydrolysat clarifié à au moins une étape d'ultrafiltration et/ou à au moins une étape de nanofiltration, de sorte à obtenir un filtrat contenant la majorité des pentoses et un rétentât contenant les espèces susceptibles de précipiter sous l'effet d'une augmentation du pH; ...

A METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O °C, the cations in said ionic liquid having the general formula (I), in which Z represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R1 represents a methyl or ethyl group, each of R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, is selected from C4-3alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl, and C5-7 cycloalkyl, and R4 represents C1-8 alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl or C5-7cyclohexyl; in which the optional substituents on a benzyl or phenyl ring are one, two or three substituents selected from C1-4alkyl or alkoxy groups, halogen atoms and nitro groups; and treating the resulting solvate or ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING GALACTOSE FROM LARCH AND METHOD FOR PREPARING TAGATOSE USING GALACTOSE

The present invention relates to a method for preparing galactose, which is a key intermediate for the preparation of tagatose, from larches. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for preparing tagatose by isomerizing the larch-derived galactose, and tagatose prepared by the method.

Verfahren zur Darstellung einer organischen Quecksilberverbindung.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von d-Threose.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ribose.

Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Reduktion von Polyoxycarbonsäurelactonen.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von d,l-Ribose und d,l-Arabinose

Verfahren zur Herstellung von l-Threose.

Neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von DL-Ribose

Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Alkoxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuranderivaten

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mannit

Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Alkoxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dihydrofuranderivaten

Anticancer agent from ch2o and ribose or riboflavin

Prodn. of anticancer agent (I) by reacting CH2O, or a cpd. producing it, in aq. soln. with ribose or riboflavin opt. in presence of MgSO4, Ca lactate, MnO2, FeSO4, KMnO4, citric acid or adenine, heating to over 100 deg., and repeatedly evapng. and diluting with water to complete polymerisation of the CH2O. (I) restores normal structure and function to malignant cells and cells of the nervous system affected by various disturbances; no toxic and side effects observed; (I) causes pain at tumour site so can be used for diagnosis.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von D-Ribose

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF ALDOSEN OR ALDOSE DERIVATIVES FOR KETOSEN OR KETOSE DERIVATIVES.

[...] DE [...] DU D- [...].

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MIXTURES FROM LOW-MOLECULAR POLYOLEN, HYDROXYALDEHYDEN AND HYDROXYKETONEN.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MIXTURE OF LOW-MOLECULAR ONES, MULTI-VALUED ALCOHOLS, HYDROXYALDEHYDEN AND HYDROXYKETONEN.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF D-ARABINOSE ONES.

A method for isomerizing a compound of aldose structure into structure compound would of, isomerization and agent or accelerator used in this method.

Composition of réticulé polymer containing polyol and/or carbohydrates.

L'invention concerne un polymère réticulé d'au moins un type de carbohydrate ou dérivé de carbohydrate comprenant au moins une fonction alcool primaire.Ce polymère réticulé est particulièrement utile pour la fabrication d'une composition destinée à être appliquée sur un tissu d'un sujet pour obtenir un effet tenseur et/ou raffermissant sur ce tissu.

Rnki - agents and compositions for inhibiting expression of apolipoprotein of c-of III (APOC3)

METHOD OF CONTINUOUS ACID HYDRO LIPOLYSIS OF CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS

METHOD OF OBTAINING WATER-SOLUBLE PRODUCTS OF HYDROLYSIS OF THE CELLULOSE

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 1,6:2,3-ДИАНГИДРО-β-D-МАННОПИРАНОЗЫ

Способ получения 1,6:2,3-диангидро-β-D-маннопиранозы, отличающийся тем, что он содержит стадию циклизации соединения С, в котором R представляет собой алкильную группу и R' представляет собой активирующий агент, в смеси спирт/алкоголят в безводных условиях.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРАСТВОРИМЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ГИДРОЛИЗА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Описан способ получения растворимых в воде продуктов гидролиза целлюлозы, который включает смешение целлюлозы с ионной жидкостью, которая способна сольватировать или растворять по меньшей мере некоторую часть целлюлозы, при этом ионная жидкость представляет собой соединение, состоящее только из катионов и анионов и существует в жидком состоянии при температуре 150°С или ниже, при этом катионы в указанной ионной жидкости имеют общую формулу (I), в которой Z обозначает атом азота или фосфора, R1 обозначает метильную или этильную группу, каждый из R2 и R3, которые могут быть одинаковыми или разными, выбран из С4-8-алкила, возможно замещённого бензила, возможно замещённого фенила, а также С5-7циклоалкила, и R4 обозначает C1-8алкил, возможно замещённый бензил, возможно замещённый фенил, а также С5-7циклоалкил; в которой возможные заместители в бензильном и фенильном кольце представляют собой один, два или три заместителя, выбранных из С1-4алкильных групп или алкоксильных групп, атомов галоида ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING 1 - KESTOZY

METHOD OF OBTAINING WATER-SOLUBLE PRODUCTS OF HYDROLYSIS OF THE CELLULOSE

SURFACE-MODIFIED HALLOYSITE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SURFACE-MODIFIED HALLOYSITE, AND CATALYTIC REACTION

Process for producing L-arabinose by acid hydrolysis method

Method for crystallization of fucose

The present application discloses a method for the crystallization of fucose, characterized in that the crystallization is carried out from a mixture comprising fucose and at least one 6-deoxy sugar selected from 6-deoxy-talose and 6-deoxy-gulose. In one embodiment, the mixture comprises fucose and 6-deoxy-talose.

METHOD OF PREPARATION OF FRUCTOSE BY HYDROGENATION OF THE GLUCOSONE

COMPLEX COMPRISING AN ORGANIC SILICON DERIVATIVE WITH A DEOXY SUGAR MONOMER, AND COSMETIC APPLICATIONS

PROCESS FOR ISOMERIZING GLUCOSE TO FRUCTOSE

METHOD OF PREPARATION OF D-ARABITOL

SYRUPS NON-CRYSTALLIZABLE D-ALLULOSE

L'invention se rapporte à un sirop de D-allulose comprenant, en plus du D-allulose, une teneur massique en dimère de D-allulose exprimée en masse sèche supérieure à 1,5%. L'invention porte également sur un procédé de fabrication de ce sirop ainsi que sur l'utilisation de ce sirop pour la fabrication de produits alimentaires ou pharmaceutiques.

METHOD OF PREPARATION OF FRUCTOSE BY HYDROGENATION OF THE GLUCOSONE

L'invention concerne un procédé préparation de fructose par hydrogénation de la glucosone, caractérisé par le fait que l'on conduit l'hydrogénation en présence d'un catalyseur et en soumettant une solution de glucosone présentant une matière sèche au moins égale à 10 % en poids, de préférence comprise entre 20 et 50 % en poids, à une pression au moins égale à 20 bars, de préférence comprise entre 30 et 150 bars, et à une température au moins égale à 50°C, de préférence comprise entre 50 et 150°C.

PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF SUGARS FROM PRETREATED LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH A MIXTURE OF INORGANIC SALTS HYDRATES AND SALTS METAL

La présente invention porte sur un procédé de conversion de la biomasse lignocellulosique en sucres, comprenant au moins trois étapes. La première étape est une étape de cuisson de la biomasse lignocellulosique en présence d'au moins un sel inorganique hydraté en mélange avec au moins un autre sel métallique. La seconde étape est une étape de séparation d'au moins une fraction solide ayant subi l'étape de cuisson et la troisième étape est une étape d'hydrolyse enzymatique de ladite fraction solide pour convertir les polysaccharides en monosaccharides. Les sucres ainsi obtenus sont ensuite fermentescibles en alcools.

Economic Process for Producing Xylose from Hydrolysate Using Electrodialysis and Direct Recovery Method

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly, simple and economic process for producing xylose. The process comprises the steps of: a) countercurrently extracting tropical fruit biomass by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid to obtain a high-concentration xylose extract; b) adjusting the extract to a pH of 1.5-2.5 and decolorizing and filtering the pH-adjusted extract; c) desalting the filtrate in an electrodialysis device; and d) recycling a waste sulfuric acid solution recovered from step c), to step a), and concentrating and directly recovering the desalted filtrate to obtain xylose crystals.

Enhanced soluble c5 saccharide yields

Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of soluble C 5 saccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass comprising acidifying fractionated lignocellulosic biomass to prevent the recondensation of soluble C 5 saccharides, including C 5 oligosaccharides and xylose and arabinose monomers, to insoluble higher molecular weight C 5 oligosaccharides.

Methods for the recovery of hcl and for the production of carbohydrates

The invention provides an organic phase composition comprising: a. a first component selected from the group consisting of quaternary amines; b. a second component selected from: b1. The group consisting of category B organic acids; b2. The group consisting of a mixtures of category B organic acids and category C organic acids at a B/C molar ratio of RB/C; and b3. The group consisting of a mixtures of category A organic acids and category C organic acids at an A/C molar ratio of RA/C; c. a third component selected from the group consisting of solvents for said first component and for said second component, wherein (i) all three components are oil-soluble and water-insoluble; (ii) the molar concentration of each of said first component and said second component is greater than 0.6 mol/Kg; (iii) the molar ratio between said second component and said first component is greater than 0.9; (iv) RB/C and RA/c are greater than 2; (v) category A organic acids are selected from the group consisting of poly-aromatic sulfonic acids, naphthalene sulfonic acids and acids with a pKa in the range within +/−0.5 pKa units of that of naphthalene sulfonic acid; (vi) category B organic acids are selected from the group consisting of mono-aromatic sulfonic acids, benzene sulfonic acids, and acids with a pKa in the range within +/−0.5 pKa units of that of benzene sulfonic acid; and (vii) category C organic acids are selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid esters and acids with a pKa in the range within +/−0.5 pKa units of that of di-octyl esters of phosphoric acid.

Process for the preparation of pteridine derivatives

The application discloses a process for the preparation of 5-deoxy-L-arabinose of formula (VI); comprising the conversion of a compound of formula (XII); wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; which can be used as intermediate for the synthesis of sapropterin.

THERMOSTABLE ENZYME TECHNOLOGY FOR ALGAL BIOCONVERSION

Thermostable enzyme technology for algal bioconversion The present invention relates to thermostable enzyme systems suitable for use in the production of biofuels and bio-products from algae, and to a method of producing energy feedstocks, stocks, specifically (i) fermentable sugars and (ii) lipid fractions from algae, for the production of biofuels such as bioethanol, biobutanol and bio-oils or biodiesel, as well as other value-added biomolecules (e.g. proteins, peptides, oils, pigments, nucleic acids). 1Talaromyces emersonii. A method of producing fermentable sugars from algal biomass comprising hydrolysing the dried biomass with an enzyme composition , the enzyme composition being derived from which has been grown in the presence of carob powder , or in the presence of a mixture of tea leaves and paper plates , or in the presence of algae and isolating the sugars from the resultant hydrolysate.2. A method as claimed in wherein the algal biomass is dried prior to hydrolysis.3. A method as claimed in wherein the algal biomass does not undergo chemical or extensive mechanical pretreatment prior to hydrolysis.4. A method as claimed in wherein the carob powder claim 1 , or the tea leaves and paper plates are present in the growth medium in an amount of about 2%(w/v).5. A method as claimed in wherein the algae are present in the growth medium in an amount of about 2%(w/v).6. A method as claimed in wherein cultures grown on algae are prepared from cells grown on carob powder or tea leaves and paper plates in the growth medium in an amount of about 2%(w/v).7. A method as claimed in wherein the hydrolysis is carried out for at least 18 hours.8. A method as claimed in wherein the hydrolysis is carried out for at least 6-24 hours.9. A method as claimed in wherein a ratio of enzyme to algal biomass of 0.5mL suitably diluted unconcentrated enzyme system (i.e. fermentation broth) to 50-500 mg algal biomass (dry weight) is used.10Laminaria saccharina, SargussumPalmaria ...

COMPOSITION SUPPRESSING MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE ACTIVITY

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition having the effect of suppressing matrix metalloproteinase activity. Specifically, the present invention relates to a composition suppressing matrix metalloproteinase activity containing a glycolysis inhibitor as an active ingredient. 1. A composition suppressing matrix metalloproteinase activity , containing , as an active ingredient , a glycolysis inhibitor selected from the group consisting of 2-deoxyglucose , a derivative and a salt thereof.2. (canceled)3. The composition suppressing matrix metalloproteinase activity of claim 1 , wherein the matrix metalloproteinase is a matrix metalloproteinase in macrophages.4. The composition suppressing matrix metalloproteinase activity of claim 1 , wherein the matrix metalloproteinase is matrix metalloproteinase-9.5. A therapeutic agent for matrix metalloproteinase-activation-related diseases containing claim 1 , as an active ingredient claim 1 , the composition suppressing matrix metalloproteinase activity of .6. The therapeutic agent for matrix metalloproteinase-activation-related diseases of claim 5 , wherein the matrix metalloproteinase-activation-related diseases are atherosclerosis or abdominal aortic aneurysm.7. A composition regulating expression of an atherosclerosis-related or an abdominal aortic aneurysm-related gene containing claim 5 , as an active ingredient claim 5 , a glycolysis inhibitor selected from the group consisting of 2-deoxyglucose claim 5 , a derivative and a salt thereof.8. The composition regulating expression of the atherosclerosis-related or the abdominal aortic aneurysm-related gene of claim 7 , wherein the atherosclerosis-related or the abdominal aortic aneurysm-related gene is selected from the group consisting of a gene encoding a chemokine claim 7 , a gene encoding an inflammatory cytokine and an SIRT-1 gene.9. The composition regulating expression of the atherosclerosis-related or the abdominal aortic aneurysm-related gene of ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING L-FUCOSE

Method for producing L-fucose includes in a first aspect, a method for the preparation of L-fucose, wherein L-fucose precursors are produced from pectin and L-fucose is produced from the L-fucose precursors; in a second aspect, a method for the preparation of L-fucose from D-galacturonic acid or a salt thereof, wherein L-fucose precursors are produced from D-galacturonic acid of a salt thereof, and L-fucose is produced from the L-fucose precursors; and an L-fucose precursor as shown in Formula A, wherein R is a linear or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon group with 1-6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, etc., preferably a methyl group. 1. A method of producing L-fucose from D-galacturonic acid or a salt thereof , comprising:a) producing at least one L-fucose precursor from D-galacturonic acid or a salt thereof, andb) producing L-fucose from the at least one L-fucose precursor.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:a) producing L-galactonic acid, a salt thereof or L-galactonic acid γ-lactone from D-galacturonic acid or a salt thereof, andb) producing L-fucose from L-galactonic acid, a salt thereof, or L-galactonic acid γ-lactone.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the production of L-galactonic acid claim 2 , a salt thereof or its γ-lactone from D-galacturonic acid or a salt thereof comprises the treatment of D-galacturonic acid or a D-galacturonate salt with NaBH.4. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:a) producing 6-bromo-6-deoxy-L-galactonic acid alkyl ester or 6-bromo-6-deoxy-L-galactonolactone from D-galacturonic acid or a salt thereof, andb) producing L-fucose from 6-bromo-6-deoxy-L-galactonic acid alkyl ester or 6-bromo-6-deoxy-L-galactonolactone.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein a) comprises producing L-galactonic acid claim 4 , a salt thereof or its γ-lactone from D-galacturonic acid or a salt thereof and producing 6-bromo-6-deoxy-L-galactonic acid ...

TANNIN INHIBITORS OF HIV

The invention provides a method to prevent or treat HIV-infection with synthetic tannins, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising synthetic tannins. 2. The method of wherein n is 1 claim 1 , m is 1 claim 1 , and p is 1.3. The method of wherein Ris CH.4. The method of wherein Rand Rare G or H.5. The method of wherein Ris G or H.6. The method of wherein Ris H or G and Ris H or G.7. The method of wherein Rand Rare H.8. The method of wherein Ris H.11. The method of wherein n is 0.13. The method of wherein Ror Ris CH.14. The method of wherein Rand/or Rare G.15. The method of wherein n is 1 claim 1 , m is 0 and p is 0.17. The method of wherein Rand/or Rare G.18. The method of wherein Ror Rare CH.20. The method of wherein Ris G.21. The method of wherein Rand Rare H.23. The method of wherein Rand/or Rare G.24. The method of wherein Ris H. This application claims priority of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/614,792, filed Mar. 23, 2012, which is incorporated by reference herein.This invention was made with the support of the National Institutes of Health under Grant No. P50 AT004155. The U.S. Government has certain rights in the invention.With more than 33 million people currently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 2 million additional individuals infected each year, there is a worldwide imperative to reduce transmission of this deadly virus. Worldwide, sexual transmission is the primary route of new virus infections. Strategies to reduce spread of this virus can be achieved by reducing virus loads in currently infected individuals (and thereby reducing levels of virus exposure) and/or by blocking sexual transmission by the use of effective and safe microbicides.Clinically useful anti-retrovirals target a number of steps of the HIV-1 life cycle including co-receptor (CCR5) binding, virus membrane/cellular membrane fusion, reverse transcription, integration and proteolytic processing. See, e.g. Martins et al., 15, 1083 (2008). Combination ...

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

METHODS FOR PURIFYING MONOSACCHARIDE MIXTURES CONTAINING IONIC IMPURITIES

Disclosed herein are methods for separating ionic impurities from monosaccharide processing streams using simulated moving bed chromatography. 1. A method of separating an ionic impurity from a monosaccharide-containing process stream , comprising:a. contacting an ion exclusion resin within a simulated moving bed chromatography unit with the monosaccharide-containing process stream; andb. eluting the ion exclusion resin with water to produce an extract stream that comprises monosaccharides and a raffinate stream that comprises the ionic impurity,thereby separating the ionic impurity from the monosaccharide-containing process stream.2. A method of separating an ionic impurity from a saccharide-containing process stream , comprising:a. providing the saccharide containing process stream, wherein the process stream further comprises an inorganic dianion;b. contacting an ion exclusion resin within a simulated moving bed chromatography unit with the saccharide-containing process stream; andc. eluting the ion exclusion resin with an aqueous eluent to produce an extract stream that comprises saccharides and a raffinate stream comprises the ionic impurity,thereby separating the ionic impurity from the saccharide-containing process stream.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is continuous.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the extract steam that comprises the monosaccharides or saccharides.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the raffinate stream that comprises water soluble inorganic and organic salts of sodium and ammonium.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the water soluble inorganic salts of sodium and ammonium comprise sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the water soluble organic salts of sodium and ammonium comprise sodium aldonate and ammonium aldonates.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monosaccharide or saccharide containing process stream comprises an L-monosaccharide.9. The ...

Noncarious material and anticarious agent containing rare sugar

To provide a composition for preventing periodontal diseases (prophylactic agent of periodontal diseases), the composition having an excellent cariostatic property, being safe and stable for prolonged use and having less effects on flavor. A non-cariogenic material prepared by blending a rare sugar in the D form as selected from the group consisting of D-psicose, D-sorbose and D-tagatose, a rare sugar in the L form as selected from L-fructose, L-psicose and L-tagatose, or allitol as a rare sugar derivative, singly or in combination. A cariostatic agent comprising D-psicose, D-sorbose, D-tagatose, L-fructose, L-psicose and/or L-tagatose. A cariostatic agent in combination with catechins.

HEPTOSE DERIVATIVES FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Compounds having the general formula (I) pharmaceutical compositions containing them for use in inhibiting bacterial heptose biosynthesis and thereby lowering or suppressing bacterial virulence. 2. The compounds according to claim 1 , in which at least one of W1 and W2 is H claim 1 , and X is O claim 1 , S claim 1 , CHor NH claim 1 , and Y is H claim 1 , P(O)(OZ1)(OZ2) or P(O)(OZ1)(NHZ2).3. The compounds according to claim 1 , in which X is O and Y is H.4. The compounds according to claim 1 , in which W1 and W2 are H.5. The compounds according to claim 1 , in which X is CH claim 1 , CHF or CFand Y is P(O) (OZ1) (OZ2).6. The compounds according to claim 1 , which are drugs.7. The compounds according to claim 1 , which are inhibitors of bacterial heptose synthesis.9. The pharmaceutical compositions according to formulated to be administered under oral claim 8 , parenteral claim 8 , and injectable routes claim 8 , with individual doses appropriate for the patient to be treated.10. The pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 8 , in combination with at least one antibacterial.11. The pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 8 , in combination with at least one antivirulence agent.12. The pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 8 , in combination with one or more drug(s) reinforcing the host innate immunity.13Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Neisseria, Klebsiella, Serratia, Citrobacter, Proteus, Yersinia, Haemophilus, Legionella, MoraxellaHelicobacter pylori.. The pharmaceutical compositions according to claim 8 , preventing or therapeutically treating severe infections due to Gram-negative bacteria able to disseminate in blood such as the non-limiting following species (spp.): and15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein W1 and/or W2 is H claim 14 , and X is O claim 14 , S claim 14 , CHor NH claim 14 , and Y is H claim 14 , P(O)(OZ1)(OZ2) or P(O)(OZ1)(NHZ2).16. The method according to claim 14 , ...

PROCESS FOR REMOVING FORMALDEHYDE FROM A COMPOSITION COMPRISING GLYCOLALDEHYDE

A process for reducing the percentage by weight of formaldehyde present in a composition comprising glycolaldehyde, wherein formaldehyde is transformed into one or more formaldehyde acetal(s) and removed from the reactive distillation reaction solution by reactive distillation in the presence of at least one alcohol and a catalyst. 1. A process for reducing the percentage by weight of formaldehyde present in a composition comprising glycolaldehyde by reactive distillation in the presence of at least one alcohol and at least one catalyst.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is selected from one or more of the group consisting of methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an acid catalyst.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a solid catalyst claim 1 , mineral acid catalyst and organic acid.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid catalyst is selected from one or more of the group consisting of an acidic resin claim 1 , molecular sieves and a mineral acid.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid catalyst is selected from one or more of the group consisting of Amberlyst-131 and concentrated sulphuric acid.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising glycolaldehyde is an aqueous composition.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the volume ratio of alcohol to aqueous composition comprising glycolaldehyde is between 1:9 and 9:1.9. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactive distillation is carried out at a temperature less than 120° C.10. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactive distillation is carried out under reduced pressure.11. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises adding a catalyst and optionally water to the reaction solution after reactive distillation claim 1 , heating ...

Method for preparing fructose or xylulose from biomass containing glucose or xylose using butanol, and method for separating the same

The present invention relates to a method for preparing fructose or xylulose from biomass comprising glucose or xylose, and a method for separating a mixture of glucose and fructose and a mixture of xylose and xylulose.

System for hydrogen production under limited aerobic conditions

The present invention provides a method for fermentative hydrogen production under limited aerobic conditions by utilizing the respiratory interaction between a strictly anaerobic hydrogen producing bacterium, YUAN-3, and a facultative anaerobic bacterium, PAO1. The two bacteria are co-cultured to produce hydrogen gas in a culture medium without any anaerobic treatment. Sucrose, lactose or glucose are used as the carbon source for the co-culture which can promote the growth of YUAN-3 and reduce substrate competition between two bacteria. L-cysteine is added to increase the hydrogen yield and the production rate. Using 15 g/L glucose and 5 mmol/L L-cysteine, the invented method achieved the hydrogen production yield of 1.11 mol-hydrogen/mol-glucose. 1. A method for hydrogen production under limited aerobic conditions , comprising:{'i': E. harbinense', 'P. aeruginosa, 'a, co-culturing YUAN-3 and PAO1 in a liquid medium containing 10 to 20 g/L sucrose or lactose in a sealed container at 35° C.; and'}b, collecting hydrogen gas at 1 to 50 hours after the start of the co-culture.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium contains 15 g/L sucrose or lactose.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium further comprises 0 to 15 mmol/L of L-cysteine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium further comprises 5 to 10 mmol/L of L-cysteine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium comprises 5 mmol/L of L-cysteine.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium comprises 4 g peptone claim 1 , 1 g yeast extract claim 1 , 2 g beef extract claim 1 , 4 g NaCl claim 1 , 1.0 g KHPOand 0.2 g MgCl.6HO per liter.8E. harbinenseP. aeruginosa. The method of claim 1 , wherein 0.1-0.2 g of YUAN-3 and 0.08-0.12 g of PAO1 are inoculated into the liquid medium.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein during the sealed culture claim 1 , a shaker or a magnetic stirrer is used for agitation and culture; wherein conditions for culturing using the ...

USE OF CERTAIN METAL-ACCUMULATING PLANTS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REACTIONS

Metal-accumulating plants for preparing compositions including a metal catalyst derived from the plants. The composition is substantially devoid of organic matter. Also, carrying out chemical reactions with the compositions prepared from metal-accumulating plants. 1SedumPotentilla griffithii, Arabis paniculata, Arabis gemmifera, Arabis alpina, GentianaGentiana atuntsiensis, Silene viscidula, Corydalis davidii, Incarvillea deltoides, Corydalis pterygopetala, Picris divaricata, Sonchus asper. A composition comprising at least one metal catalyst , the metal of which has been accumulated after thermal treatment of a plant or part of a plant of the genus or of plants selected from sp. , wherein the metal that has accumulated is at least one metal selected in particular from zinc (Zn) , iron (Fe) or copper (Cu) , said composition being substantially devoid of organic matter , for carrying out reactions of organic synthesis involving said catalyst.2SedumPotentilla griffithii.. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the plant or the part of a plant is of the genus or of the plant3Sedum jinianum, Sedum plumbizincicola, Sedum alfrediiPotentilla griffithii, Potentilla griffithii, Arabis paniculata, Arabis gemmifera, Arabis alpina, GentianaGentiana atuntsiensis, Silene viscidula, Corydalis davidii, Incarvillea deltoides, Corydalis pterygopetala, Picris divaricata, Sonchus asper. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the plant or the part of a plant is selected from and sp. claim 1 , in which said at least one metal is selected from zinc (Zn) claim 1 , calcium (Ca) claim 1 , magnesium (Mg) claim 1 , iron (Fe) claim 1 , cadmium (Cd) or copper (Cu) claim 1 , said composition optionally having been previously filtered and/or purified on resin and/or fixed on a support claim 1 , after acid treatment.4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the acid treatment is carried out with hydrochloric acid claim 3 , in particular gaseous HCl claim 3 , 1N HCl to 12N ...

Method for producing allulose crystals

Allulose crystals are efficiently produced from an allulose syrup using seed crystals.

Strain ptoducing allose from fructose and method for producing allose using same

The present invention relates to a recombinant strain for producing an allose from a fructose, a composition for producing an allose which produces an allose from a fructose-containing raw material comprising the strain, and a method for preparing an allose using the same.

1,5-ANHYDRO-D-GLUCITOL-CONTAINING COLLAGEN PRODUCTION ACCELERATOR

A collagen production promoter in cells, containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and derivatives thereof; and a composition containing the collagen production promoter. Since the collagen production promoter containing 1,5-AG or derivatives thereof of the present invention is suitably used as cosmetics, medicinal formulations, foods, and the like, for promoting collagen production in cells, for example, preventing and/or improving wrinkles of skin. 1. A collagen production promoter in cells , comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1 ,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and derivatives thereof.3. A composition comprising the collagen production promoter as defined in or .4. The composition according to claim 3 , which is a pharmaceutical composition.5. The composition according to claim 3 , which is a cosmetic composition.6. The composition according to claim 3 , for use in promoting collagen production in cells.7. The composition according to claim 3 , for use in preventing and/or improving wrinkles of skin.8. A method for promoting collagen production in cells claim 3 , comprising the step of administering at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 3 ,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and derivatives thereof to an individual in need of collagen production promotion in the cells in an effective amount.9. A method for preventing and/or improving wrinkles of skin claim 3 , comprising the step of administering at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 3 ,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and derivatives thereof to an individual in need of prevention and/or improvement of wrinkles of skin in an effective amount.10. At least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 3 ,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and derivatives thereof claim 3 , for use in promoting collagen production in cells.11. At least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 3 ,5-anhydro-D-glucitol ...

SOLID CATALYST FOR HYDRIDE ISOMERIZATION REACTION IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

A novel catalyst capable of selectively catalyzing conversion from glucose to fructose in water or in an aqueous solution is provided. The catalyst is a solid catalyst for a hydride isomerization reaction from glucose to fructose performed in water or in an aqueous solution, comprising a group 13 element oxide whose surface has been subjected to a phosphoric acid treatment. 1: A solid catalyst , comprising a group 13 element oxide whose surface has been subjected to a phosphoric acid treatment.2: The solid catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the group 13 element oxide is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 1 , gallium oxide claim 1 , indium oxide and thallium oxide.3: The solid catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphoric acid treatment is performed by treating the group 13 element oxide in a phosphoric acid aqueous solution at 50° C. or lower.4: The solid catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a Lewis acid amount in the group 13 element oxide whose surface has been subjected to a phosphoric acid treatment is kept claim 1 , in a state where the surface is hydrated claim 1 , at 80% or more of a Lewis acid amount in a dehydrated surface portion of the group 13 element oxide not subjected to the phosphoric acid treatment.5: A method for producing fructose claim 1 , comprising causing the solid catalyst according to to work on glucose in water or in an aqueous solution.6: The method according to claim 5 , wherein a product comprises fructose and mannose claim 5 , and wherein a fructose content is high. The present invention relates to a solid catalyst working in an aqueous medium to catalyze a hydride isomerization reaction of glucose, and a use thereof.In recent years, a chemical reaction performed in water or in an aqueous solution attracts attention because it is superior, in an environmental load, safety and the like, to a reaction performed in an organic solvent, which has been widely performed. Meanwhile, a Lewis acid catalyst ...

METHODS OF CONVERTING LIGNING AND USES THEREOF

Method for creating valuable products from lignocellulosic biomass comprising sequential pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquid followed by hydrothermal processing of the lignin. 1. A method for treating a lignocellulosic biomass comprising incubating a lignocellulosic biomass comprising lignin , cellulose , and hemicellulose in an ionic liquid (IL) for a sufficient time and temperature to swell the cellulose and hemicellulose by without dissolution of the biomass in the IL; washing the IL-incubated biomass comprising lignin , cellulose and hemicellulose with a liquid non-solvent for cellulose that is miscible with water and the IL; and contacting said swelled washed biomass comprising lignin , cellulose and hemicellulose with an aqueous buffer comprising enzymes capable of hydrolyzing both cellulose and hemicellulose to produce polysaccharides; recovering the lignin; and converting said lignin to chemicals.2. A method for extracting a monomeric compound from a lignin comprising(a) mixing a biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) to swell said biomass and not dissolve said biomass in IL;(b) washing said treated biomass;(c) hydrolysis of said treated biomass;(d) separating the cellulosic and lignin fractions; and(e) subjecting the lignin fraction to hydrothermal processing.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said method further comprises electromagnetic (EM) heating of said swelled biomass after step (a).4. A method for conversion of the lignin of lignocellulosic biomass to chemicals comprising(a) mixing biomass in an ionic liquid (IL) to swell said biomass and not dissolve said biomass in IL;(b) applying radio frequency (RF) heating to the swelled biomass to heat to a target temperature range;(c) applying ultrasonics, electromagnetic (EM), convective, conductive heating, or combinations thereof, to the swelled biomass to maintain the biomass at said target temperature range;(d) washing the treated biomass;(e) separating the cellulosic and lignin ...

SUGAR COMPOSITIONS

A sugar composition comprising at least 40% dissolved solids in an aqueous solution having a viscosity at least 10% lower than a 42 DE (Dextrose Equivalents) reference solution with a same dissolved solids concentration at a given temperature. Another sugar composition comprising at least 30% glucose relative to total sugars, at least 10% mannose relative to total sugars, at least 5% xylose relative to total sugars, and less than 0.25% ash. Another sugar composition comprising at least 30% glucose relative to total sugars at least 10% mannose relative to total sugars, at least 5% xylose relative to total sugars, and at least 2% total furfurals. 159-. (canceled)60. A composition comprising: (i) a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate; or', '(ii) a monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolyzate;, '(a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate selected from (iii) a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate; or', '(iv) a dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolyzate; and, '(b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate selected from(c) less than 0.25% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash.61. The composition of claim 60 , wherein the ash comprises Ca claim 60 , Cu claim 60 , Fe claim 60 , K claim 60 , Mg claim 60 , Mn claim 60 , Na claim 60 , P claim 60 , S claim 60 , and Si.62. The composition of claim 60 , wherein:the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; andthe water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.63. The composition of claim 60 , wherein:the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, or a combination thereof; andthe water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate is selected from cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof.64. The composition of ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING HIGH-PURITY L-ARABINOSE BY USING ARABIC GUM AS RAW MATERIAL

The present invention discloses a process for preparing L-arabinose from Gum Arabic comprising the steps of catalytical hydrolysis of L-arabinose from gum arabic followed by the purification steps including neutralization using alkali, adsorption bleaching, electrodialysis desalination, adsorption separation of impurities and crystallization, with the absolute purity of L-arabinose up to 98% and the recovery as high as 25%˜29% of material weight. The disclosed process has such advantages as low cost, environmental-friendliness and simple operation, showing promising in industrial production. 1. A process for preparing high-purity L-arabinose from gum arabic , the process comprising the follows steps:(1) adding dissolved gum arabic into an inorganic acid to form a mixed solution, controlling pH value of the solution at 0.2˜1, undertaking hydrolysis reaction at the temperature at 70˜100° C., after the reaction, neutralizing the hydrolysate by adding an alkali aqueous solution to pH about 4—7 and obtaining the neutralized hydrolysate containing L-arabinose;(2) adding the hydrolysate of step (1) to a fixed bed equipped with adsorbent A continuously, collecting the effluent to form a decolored solution;(3) passing the decolored solution of step (2) through a microporous membrane of the drainage to obtain a pretreatment solution, then desalinating the pretreatment solution with selectroosmosis to obtain a desalination solution;(4) passing the desalination solution of step (3) through a fixed bed equipped with adsorbent B continuously under room temperature, collecting an effluent, obtaining a supersaturated syrup by concentrating the effluent under reduced pressure at 45˜60° C.;(5) crystallizing the supersaturated syrup and obtaining white powder of L-arabinose after drying.2. The process for preparing high-purity L-arabinose from gum arabic according to claim 1 , characterized in that the inorganic acid is sulfuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , phosphoric ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING SUGAR, BIOETHANOL OR MICROBIAL METABOLITE FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMAS

The present invention relates to a method for preparing bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The method of the present invention is capable of: minimizing the impurity content of an enzymatic saccharification raw material, by extracting biomass using hot water, before pretreatment, and removing extractable substances such as inorganic salts; suppressing, to the greatest extent, the production of overdecomposition products of sugar, by pretreating the biomass, from which the hot water extractable substances have been removed, in a condition for maximizing xylan yield; preparing fermentable sugar at a low cost, without washing a pretreated solid obtained from subsequent solid-liquid separation, but by only concentrating a sugar solution obtained after enzymatic saccharification, using a separation film; and preparing bioethanol therefrom in high yield. 133.-. (canceled)34. A method for preparing a sugar solution , the method comprising the steps of:modifying a polyamide nanofiltration membrane with sodium hypochlorite and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (step 1); andfiltering an aqueous sugar solution obtained by hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass using the modified polyamide nanofiltration membrane to recover a refined sugar solution from the non-permeate side and remove fermentation inhibitors from the permeate side (step 2).35. The method according to claim 34 , between the step 1) and the step 2) claim 34 , further comprising:filtering the aqueous sugar solution obtained by hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass using a microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane to recover a sugar solution from the permeate side (step 1-1).36. The method according to claim 34 , after the step 2) claim 34 , further comprising:filtering the refined sugar solution using a reverse osmosis membrane to recover a refined sugar solution from the non-permeate side and remove fermentation inhibitors from the permeate side (step 2-1).37. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the step ...

Solid forms comprising 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione and a coformer, compositions and methods of use thereof

Provided herein are solid forms comprising (a) 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione and (b) a coformer. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the solid forms (e.g., cocrystals) and methods for treating, preventing and managing various disorders are also disclosed.

GLUCOSE/GALACTOSE BIOSENSORS AND METHODS OF USING SAME

Provided herein are glucose and galactose biosensors and methods of making and using the same. 1. A biosensor comprising:{'i': 'E. coli', 'a) a polypeptide comprising a ligand binding site and (i) one or more mutations as compared to SEQ ID NO:112 (wild-type GGBP) that alter the ligand binding affinity of the polypeptide; and'}b) a reporter conjugated to the polypeptide,wherein when the polypeptide consists of a single mutation, the single mutation is F16C,wherein the ligand-bound biosensor results in a reporter-generated signal that is different from the unbound biosensor, andwherein the ligand is selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, and a combination thereof.2. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the reporter is conjugated to F16C.3. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide further comprises (ii) at least one additional mutation that replaces an amino acid with a cysteine.4. The biosensor of claim 3 , wherein the reporter is conjugated to the cysteine.5. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein(a) the biosensor comprises a single reporter;(b) the reporter comprises a fluorophore and wherein the signal is a fluorescent signal;(c) the reporter comprises a fluorophore and wherein the signal is a fluorescent signal, wherein the fluorophore is selected from the group consisting of acrylodan and badan;(d) the reporter comprises a fluorophore and wherein the signal is a fluorescent signal, wherein the signal comprises an emission intensity of the fluorophore recorded at one or more wavelengths;(e) the reporter comprises a fluorophore and wherein the signal is a fluorescent signal, wherein the change in signal comprises a shift in the one or more wavelengths;(f) the reporter comprises a fluorophore and wherein the signal is a fluorescent signal, wherein the signal comprises a ratio of emission intensities recorded at two or more wavelengths;(g) the reporter comprises a fluorophore and wherein the signal is a fluorescent signal, wherein the change ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DIRECT CAPTURE OF ORGANIC MATERIALS FROM PROCESS STREAMS

A particulate magnetic nanostructured solid sorbent (MNSS) material is described herein. The particles of the MNSS comprise a plurality of tethered nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are tethered together by substantially linear hydrocarbon chains, a poly(alkylene oxide) chains, or a combination thereof connecting the nanoparticles in a three-dimensional elastic network with the nanoparticles as junctions of the network having junction functionality of about 2.1 to about 6. The surfaces of at least some of the nanoparticles comprise a polymerized siloxane bearing at least one sorption-aiding substituent selected from a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group. The plurality of nanoparticles is made up of superparamagnetic nanoparticles or a combination of superparamagnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles. The individual superparamagnetic nanoparticles comprise a passivating metal oxide coating around a core comprising at least one nanocrystalline metal or alloy having ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties. 1. A particulate magnetic nanostructured solid sorbent (MNSS) material , each particle of the MNSS comprising a plurality of nanoparticles tethered together by molecular chains comprising a substantially linear hydrocarbon , a poly(alkylene oxide) , or a combination thereof , the ends of the chains connecting the nanoparticles in a three-dimensional elastic network having junction functionality of about 2.1 to about 6 , with the nanoparticles as junctions of the network; the surfaces of at least some of the nanoparticles comprising a polysiloxane bearing sorption-aiding substituents selected from a hydrophilic substituents , lipophilic substituents , and a combination thereof; wherein the plurality of nanoparticles comprises superparamagnetic nanoparticles or a combination of superparamagnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles; the superparamagnetic nanoparticles comprise a passivating metal oxide coating around a nanocrystalline metallic core; and the cores of the ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALLULOSE CRYSTALS

Allulose crystals are efficiently produced from an allulose syrup using seed crystals. 1. A method for producing allulose crystals , wherein the method comprises:a) cooling and agitating a first admixture comprised of a first portion of allulose syrup and allulose seed crystals and initiating crystallization of allulose dissolved in the allulose syrup, thereby forming a first massecuite comprising allulose crystals and a first mother liquor containing residual dissolved allulose, the cooling and agitating being continued until a first preselected target yield of allulose crystals is achieved;b) optionally, separating the first massecuite into a first portion and a second portion;c) optionally, combining a second portion of allulose syrup with the second portion of the first massecuite to form a second admixture; andd) optionally, cooling and agitating the second admixture and initiating crystallization of allulose dissolved in the second portion of allulose syrup, thereby forming a second massecuite comprising allulose crystals and a second mother liquor containing residual dissolved allulose, the cooling and agitating being continued until a second preselected target yield of allulose crystals is achieved.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least steps a) and b) are performed.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least steps a) claim 1 , b) and c) are performed.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least steps a) claim 1 , b) claim 1 , c) and d) are performed.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first admixture is obtained by combining the first portion of allulose syrup and dry allulose crystals.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first admixture is obtained by combining with the first portion of allulose syrup and a heel comprised of allulose crystals and a mother liquor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first admixture and second admixture are agitated in steps a) and d) claim 1 , if step d) is performed claim 1 , respectively using an agitator ...

SUGAR COMPOSITIONS

A sugar composition comprising at least 40% dissolved solids in an aqueous solution having a viscosity at least 10% lower than a 42 DE (Dextrose Equivalents) reference solution with a same dissolved solids concentration at a given temperature. Another sugar composition comprising at least 30% glucose relative to total sugars, at least 10% mannose relative to total sugars, at least 5% xylose relative to total sugars, and less than 0.25% ash. Another sugar composition comprising at least 30% glucose relative to total sugars at least 10% mannose relative to total sugars, at least 5% xylose relative to total sugars, and at least 2% total furfurals. 165-. (canceled)66. A composition comprising:(a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate;(b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate; and(c) less than 0.25% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash.67. The composition of claim 66 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate is a pentose.68. The composition of claim 66 , wherein the ash comprises Ca claim 66 , Cu claim 66 , Fe claim 66 , K claim 66 , Mg claim 66 , Mn claim 66 , Na claim 66 , P claim 66 , S claim 66 , and Si.69. The composition of claim 66 , wherein:the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; andthe water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.70. The composition of claim 66 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is derived from a lignocellulose substrate.71. The composition of claim 66 , further comprising water.72. The composition of claim 66 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric ...

Formaldehyde-free proteinaceous binder compositions

Binder compositions are described, where the compositions include a protein, a first crosslinking compound that includes a carbohydrate, and a second crosslinking compound that includes two or more primary amine groups. The first and second crosslinking compounds may be individually crosslinkable with each other and with the protein. Also described are fiber products that may include inorganic or organic fibers and a cured thermoset binder prepared from a protein and at least two crosslinking compounds. Additionally, methods of making fiber products are described that include providing inorganic or organic fibers, and applying a liquid binder composition to the fibers to form a fiber-binder amalgam. The liquid binder composition may include a protein and at least two crosslinking compounds that include a carbohydrate and an organic amine with two or more primary amines. The amalgam may be heated to a curing temperature to form the fiber product.

CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE INTO SIMPLE SUGARS

Cellulose may be converted into simple sugars such as glucose by contacting the cellulose with a compound effective to catalytically cleave the ether bonds of the cellulose. The compound may be a vitamin, a porphyrin, flavins, pyridoxal-containing molecules, and/or a compound containing at least one ylide functional group. The cellulose may be carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which may be made by reacting cellulose with chloroacetic acid and a base such as NaOH. The compound may be vitamins (B1, B2, B6, or B12), phosphonium ylides, sulfonium ylides, sulfoxonium ylides, carbonyl ylides, oxonium ylides, asomethine ylides, iminium ylides, halonium ylides, and combinations thereof. The free glucose may be used for fermentation, converted to a biofuel and for other applications. 1. A method of converting cellulose into simple sugars comprising:in the presence of water, contacting cellulose with a compound effective to catalytically cleave ether bonds of the cellulose to give at least one simple sugar, where the compound is selected from the group consisting of vitamins, compounds with at least one ylide functionality, porphyrins, flavins, pyridoxal-containing molecules, and combinations thereof.2. The method of where the cellulose is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) made by a method comprising reacting crystalline cellulose with chloroacetic acid and a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , ammonium hydroxide and mixtures thereof.3. The method of where the compound is a compound containing at least one ylide functional group claim 1 , which is selected from the group consisting of vitamins claim 1 , phosphonium ylides claim 1 , sulfonium ylides claim 1 , sulfoxonium ylides claim 1 , carbonyl ylides claim 1 , oxonium ylides claim 1 , asomethine ylides claim 1 , iminium ylides claim 1 , halonium ylides claim 1 , flavins claim 1 , pyridoxal-containing molecules claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The method of where ...

STABILIZED ACYCLIC SACCHARIDE COMPOSITE AND METHOD FOR STABILIZING ACYCLIC SACCHARIDES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Disclosed is a stabilized acyclic saccharide composite, which includes a LDH-based (layered double hydroxide-based) material and acyclic saccharides intercalated in interlayer regions of the LDH-based material. The acyclic saccharides stabilized and trapped in the LDH-based material give an opportunity for direct functionalization to other valuable molecules in the pharmaceutical, chemical or carbohydrate industries. Further, a novel pathway for saccharide transformation and aldol condensation without the drawbacks associated with enzymatic catalysts is achieved through the acyclic saccharides trapped by the LDH-based material.

RNAi Agents And Compositions for Inhibiting Expression of Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3)

The present disclosure relates to RNAi agents, e.g., double stranded RNAi agents, capable of inhibiting Apolipoprotein C-III (also called APOC3, apoC-III, APOC-III, and APO C-III) gene expression, and compositions that include APOC3 RNAi agents. The APOC3 RNAi agents disclosed herein may be conjugated to targeting ligands, including ligands that include N-acetyl-galactosamine, to facilitate the delivery to cells, including to hepatocytes. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more APOC3 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the APOC3 RNAi agents in vivo provides for inhibition of APOC3 gene expression, and can result in lower triglycerides and/or cholesterol levels in the subject. The APOC3 RNAi agents can be used in methods of treatment of APOC3-related diseases and disorders, including hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic-related disorders and diseases.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING MATERIALS HAVING A ZEOLITE-TYPE FRAMEWORK WITH HETEROATOMS INCORPORATED THEREIN

A process of producing a zeotype material having a zeolite-type framework. The process includes providing a zeolite having a framework, dealuminating the zeolite to remove aluminum atoms therefrom to produce a dealuminated framework comprising a plurality of vacancy sites, contacting the dealuminated framework with dichloromethane and a precursor comprising heteroatoms, and then heating the dealuminated framework, the dichloromethane, and the precursor under reflux conditions to incorporate the heteroatoms into at least some of the plurality of vacancy sites in the dealuminated framework to produce a zeotype material having a zeolite-type framework comprising the heteroatoms. In addition, a process is provided for producing a stannosilicate comprising a zeolite-type framework comprising Sn heteroatoms incorporated therein which form Sn sites in the zeolite-type framework each having an open configuration or a closed configuration. This process includes controlling relative amounts of Sn sites having open and closed configurations in the stannosilicate. 1. A process comprising:providing a zeolite having a framework;dealuminating the zeolite to remove aluminum atoms therefrom to produce a dealuminated framework comprising a plurality of vacancy sites;contacting the dealuminated framework with a polar aprotic solvent and a precursor comprising heteroatoms; and thenheating the dealuminated framework, the solvent, and the precursor under reflux conditions to incorporate the heteroatoms into at least some of the plurality of vacancy sites in the dealuminated framework to produce a zeotype material having a zeolite-type framework comprising the heteroatoms.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is dichloromethane.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heteroatoms are Sn or Ti.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the framework of the zeolite has a Beta topology.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heteroatoms are incorporated into more than ninety percent of the ...

MICROWAVE ASSISTED CITRUS WASTE BIOREFINERY

There is described a method of isolating one or more of pectin, d-limonene, a flavour compound, a flavonoid, a soluble monosaccharide, a decomposition product of a monosaccharide and cellulose, from citrus material wherein said method comprises the microwave assisted hydrothermal low temperature treatment of citrus material. 1. A method of isolating one or more of pectin , d-limonene , a flavour compound , a flavonoid , a soluble monosaccharide , a decomposition product of a monosaccharide and cellulose , from citrus material wherein said method comprises the microwave assisted hydrothermal low temperature treatment of citrus material.2. A method according to wherein the isolation of one or more of pectin claim 1 , d-limonene claim 1 , a flavour compound claim 1 , a flavonoid claim 1 , a soluble monosaccharide claim 1 , a decomposition product of a monosaccharide and cellulose claim 1 , is conducted in a substantially acid free environment.3. A method according to wherein the citrus material is waste citrus material claim 1 , such as waste citrus peel.4. A method according to wherein the citrus material is combined with water and an organic solvent separately claim 1 , simultaneously or sequentially claim 1 , and is then subjected to microwave energy.5. A method according to which is carried out at an elevated temperature.69-. (canceled)10. A method according to wherein a solids-to-solvent ratio is from about no solvent to about 5:1 w/w.1112-. (canceled)13. A method according to which comprises the isolation of pectin claim 1 , from citrus material claim 1 , wherein said method comprises the microwave assisted hydrothermal low temperature treatment of citrus material.14. Pectin prepared by a method according to .15. Pectin according to which has a degree of esterification (DE) of ≧80%.16. Pectin according to which is substantially acid free.17. Pectin which has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 2.5.18. Pectin which has a molecular weight of about ≧1×10g/mol. ...

HIGH-PURITY D-PSICOSE PREPARATION METHOD

A method for preparing high-purity D-psicose, comprising the following steps: (1) centrifuging a fermentation broth of , and then subjecting the bacteria to homogenization to obtain a mixed solution containing D-psicose 3-epimerase; (2) preparing a fructose solution, adding the mixed solution containing D-psicose 3-epimerase to the fructose solution, adjusting the pH, adding cobalt chloride thereto, and performing the reaction at a certain temperature; and feeding the fructose solution to the reaction solution, continuing the reaction, and stopping the reaction, obtaining a crude D-psicose solution; and (3) subjecting the crude D-psicose solution to decolorization, filtration, ion exchange, chromatographic separation, concentration, and then crystallization or drying, obtaining D-psicose. 1. A method for preparing D-psicose , comprising the following steps:{'i': 'Bacillus subtilis', '(1) centrifuging a fermentation broth of , and then subjecting the bacteria to homogenization to obtain a mixed solution containing D-psicose 3-epimerase;'}{'i': Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacillus subtilis, 'said being a strain BLCY-005, which was deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Address: No. 1-3, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing) on Oct. 26, 2016, and has an accession number of CGMCC No. 13152.'}(2) preparing a fructose solution having a mass concentration of 20% to 60%, adding the mixed solution containing D-psicose 3-epimerase to the fructose solution, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5, adding 0.001%-0.005% by mass of cobalt chloride thereto, and performing the reaction at 40-60° C. for 10 to 30 hours; and feeding the fructose solution to the reaction solution to maintain the concentration of fructose in the reaction system at 20% to 60%, continuing the reaction for 10 to 30 hours, and stopping the reaction, obtaining a crude D-psicose solution; and(3) subjecting the crude D-psicose ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING C5 AND C6 OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A composition , comprising:a water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate; anda water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate;wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is present at a level of about 5% by weight to about 20% by weight, based on total weight of said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate and said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate in said composition; andwherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises:about 10% by weight to about 25% by weight, based on total weight of said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate and said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate in said composition, of C6 pentasaccharides.2. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 15.3. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 13.4. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 10.5. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 6.6. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:less than about 10 ppm by weight of aluminum.8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:less than about 3000 ppm by weight of calcium.9. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:less than ...

METHOD FOR THE ISOMERIZATION OF GLUCOSE TO FRUCTOSE

In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods to isomerize glucose to fructose using abuse. In one embodiment, the method includes catalyzing isomerization of glucose to fructose including combining an effective catalytic amount of a base with glucose in an aqueous medium so that the glucose is isomerized to yield a mixture comprising fructose and glucose. 1. A method comprising:catalyzing isomerization of glucose to fructose comprising combining an effective catalytic amount of a base with glucose in an aqueous medium no that the glucose is isomerized to yield a mixture comprising fructose and glucose.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glucose is isomerized to the fructose with about 40-80% selectivity.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising heating the aqueous medium to about 50-150° C.4. The method of claim 3 , comprising heating the aqueous medium for up to about 30 minutes.5. The method of claim 4 , comprising heating the aqueous medium for about 2-10 minutes.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein during the isomerizing claim 1 , the aqueous medium has an initial pH of about 9 to about 14.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mol-% ratio of the base to the glucose is about 5-20 mol-%.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating and converting the fructose to at least one of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (FEW) claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) claim 1 , and levulinic acid.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising treating the fructose with activated carbon to remove colored impurities.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting pH to about 4-10 to substantially eliminate yellowing.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base is an organic aliphatic amine or organic heterocyclic amine.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the amine is an aliphatic amine.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the amine is a tri(C-C)alkylamine claim 12 , wherein each (C-C)alkyl group is independently selected.14. The method of ...

COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING DIABETES

Disclosed is a composition for use in the prevention, treatment, and management of diabetes in human and animal subjects that contains 2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-b-glucopyranoside collected from one or more plants selected from the group consisting of genera of plants. 1Fallopia. A composition for use in the prevention , treatment , and management of diabetes in human and animal subjects , comprising 2 ,3 ,5 ,4-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-b-glucopyranoside (stilbene glycoside) collected from one or more plants selected from the group consisting of genera of plants.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stilbene glycoside comprises cis-stilbene glycoside and/or trans-stilbene glycoside.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stilbene glycoside comprises 0-99 wt % cis-stilbene glycoside and 100-1 wt % trans-stilbene glycoside.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the cis-stilbene glycoside is derived from the trans-stilbene glycoside by exposure to light.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the light is UV light.6Polygonum multiflorum. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the plant is (PM).7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the composition is prepared by:crushing dried roots of PM to powder;extracting the PM powder with an ethanol solution under the room temperature for at least 2 days to obtain an ethanolic extract, the ratio of solution to solid being about 1:10 (v/w);evaporating and concentrating the ethanolic extract under reduced pressure to obtain a dried extract;subjecting the dried extract to macroporous resin chromatography, followed by eluting the resin with ethanol solutions of different concentrations to obtain a first eluant; andevaporating and drying the first eluant under reduced pressure to obtain PM extract powder.8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the composition is further prepared by:dissolving the PM extract powder in an aqueous solution and placing the solution under light over night; andsubjecting the light-treated ...

FORMULATION AND METHOD FOR SPRAY-DRYING D-TAGATOSE

A D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation is a mixture of D-tagatose and a functional excipient co-dissolved in a solvent to produce a excipient/D-tagatose composite having a glass transition temperature of greater than 30° C. A method of spray-drying D-tagatose includes the steps of (a) preparing the D-tagatose spray-drying formulation, (b) atomizing the D-tagatose spray-drying formulation in a drying chamber containing a hot inert processing gas and evaporating droplets to produce solid particles of excipient/D-tagatose composite and (c) separating and collecting the solid particles of excipient/D-tagatose composite from the processing gas. 1. A D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation , comprising: a mixture of D-tagatose and a functional polymer excipient co-dissolved in a solvent to produce a excipient/D-tagatose composite having a glass transition temperature of greater than 30° C.2. The D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation of claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature for the excipient/D-tagatose composite is between about 30° C. and about 40° C.3. The D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation of claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature for the excipient/D-tagatose composite is between about 30° C. and about 35° C.4. The D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation of claim 1 , wherein the functional excipient is selected from a group of excipients consisting of an amorphous polymer claim 1 , a sugar that has an amorphous state claim 1 , hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate claim 1 , polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 claim 1 , D-trehalose claim 1 , hydroxypropylmethylcellulose claim 1 , polyvinylpyrrolidone K64 claim 1 , citric acid and combinations thereof.5. The D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation of claim 1 , wherein D-tagatose and the functional excipient are provided at a weight ratio of about 1:1.6. The D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises a co-solvent system.7. The D-tagatose spray- ...

Method for preparing a mixture of monosaccharides and/or of oligosaccharides and/or of polysaccharides via purification of a hydrolysate of lignocellulosic materials

The reuse of the sugars from the by-products of the paper and cellulose industries and lignocellulosic biorefineries and facilitating the extraction and the purification of the sugars contained in the hydrolysates of wood. A method for preparing a mixture of monosaccharides and/or of oligosaccharides and/or of polysaccharides via purification of a hydrolysate of lignocellulosic materials, said hydrolysate comprising hemicelluloses in the form of monomers, of oligomers, and optionally of polymers. The method includes at least one step of oxidation of said hydrolysate with at least one oxidant. This method allows a mixture of monosaccharides and/or of oligosaccharides and/or of polysaccharides to be obtained having a reduced quantity of furfural and/or of hydroxymethylfurfural and comprising polymers having a reduced mass molecular in weight and/or in number.

HIGH PERFORMANCE ACRYLAMIDE ADHESIVES

Disclosed are derivatives of (tetrahydropyranyl)methyl acrylamide and polymers derived therefrom, as well as methods of making such compounds and polymers. Adhesives, coatings, and plastics which include such polymers are also described. 2. The compound of wherein the protected hydroxyl group is selected from trimethylsilyl claim 1 , t-butyldimethylsilyl claim 1 , acetyl claim 1 , benzyl claim 1 , benzoyl claim 1 , or methoxymethyl.3. The compound of wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of H and a methyl group.4. The compound of wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , a methyl group and an ethyl group.6. The compound of selected fromN-((3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)acrylamide orN-((3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)methacrylamide.7. The compound of wherein one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Ris the group of Formula II.9. The compound of selected fromN-((3,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methacrylamidotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)methacrylamide,N-((5-acrylamido-3,4,6-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)methacrylamide,N-(6-(acrylamidomethyl)-2,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)methacrylamide, orN-((5-acrylamido-3,4,6-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)acrylamide.11. The compound of wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of H and a methyl group.12. The compound of wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of H claim 10 , a methyl group and an ethyl group.13. The polymer of wherein one of R claim 10 , R claim 10 , R claim 10 , and Ris a group of Formula II.15. The polymer of wherein the one or more repeating units are derived from one or more compounds selected fromN-((3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)acrylamide,N-((3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)methacrylamide,N-((3,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methacrylamidotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl)methacrylamide,N-((5- ...

RNAi Agents And Compositions for Inhibiting Expression of Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3)

The present disclosure relates to RNAi agents, e.g., double stranded RNAi agents, capable of inhibiting Apolipoprotein C-III (also called APOC3, apoC-III, APOC-III, and APO C-III) gene expression, and compositions that include APOC3 RNAi agents. The APOC3 RNAi agents disclosed herein may be conjugated to targeting ligands, including ligands that include N-acetyl-galactosamine, to facilitate the delivery to cells, including to hepatocytes. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more APOC3 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the APOC3 RNAi agents in vivo provides for inhibition of APOC3 gene expression, and can result in lower triglycerides and/or cholesterol levels in the subject. The APOC3 RNAi agents can be used in methods of treatment of APOC3-related diseases and disorders, including hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic-related disorders and diseases. 1. An RNAi agent for inhibiting expression of an APOC3 gene , comprising:an antisense strand comprising at least 17 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0 or 1 nucleotides from any one of the sequences provided in Table 2, Table 3, or Table 4; anda sense strand comprising a nucleotide sequence that is at least partially complementary to the antisense strand.2. The RNAi agent of claim 1 , wherein the antisense strand comprises nucleotides 2-18 of any one of the sequences provided in Table 2 claim 1 , Table 3 claim 1 , or Table 4.3. The RNAi agent of claim 1 , wherein the sense strand comprises a nucleotide sequence of at least 17 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0 or 1 nucleotides from any one of the sense strand sequences provided in Table 2 claim 1 , Table 3 claim 1 , or Table 5 claim 1 , and wherein the sense strand has a region of at least 85% complementarity over the 17 contiguous nucleotides to the antisense strand.4. The RNAi agent of claim 1 , wherein at least one nucleotide of the RNAi agent is a modified ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING C5 AND C6 MONOSACCHARIDES

Compositions comprising C5 and C6 monosaccharides and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A composition , comprising:at least one water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate;at least one water-soluble C5 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 15;at least one water-soluble C5 monosaccharide hydrolysate; andimpurities; wherein said impurities comprise at least one of:(a) a total amount by weight, based on total weight of said composition, of less than about 6750 ppm of elements Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, TI, V, and Zn when said composition is measured for all of said elements;(b) less than about 10 ppm by weight, based on total weight of said composition, of aluminum;(c) less than about 350 ppm by weight, based on total weight of said composition, of calcium;(d) less than about 425 ppm by weight, based on total weight of said composition, of iron; and(e) less than about 4500 ppm by weight, based on total weight of said composition, of sulfur.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is extracted from lignocellulosic biomass.3. The composition of claim 2 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is processed from lignocellulosic biomass using supercritical, subcritical, or near critical fluid extraction, or a combination thereof.4. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:water.5. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least about 0.5 g/L.6. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein the weight ratio of said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate to said elements is greater than about 25:1.8 ...

ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF D-ALLULOSE

The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into allulose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing allulose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase (A6PE), and converting the A6P to allulose, catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase (A6PP). 1. A process for preparing allulose , the process comprising:converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by an epimerase; andconverting the A6P produced to allulose, catalyzed by a phosphatase.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of converting glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to the F6P claim 1 , wherein the step is catalyzed by phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI).3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising the step of converting glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) to the G6P claim 2 , wherein the step is catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase (PGM).4. The process of claim 3 , further comprising the step of converting a saccharide to the G1P claim 3 , wherein the step is catalyzed by at least one enzyme claim 3 , wherein the saccharide is selected from the group consisting of a starch or derivative thereof claim 3 , cellulose or a derivative thereof and sucrose.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein at least one enzyme is selected from the group consisting of alpha-glucan phosphorylase (αGP) claim 4 , maltose phosphorylase claim 4 , sucrose phosphorylase claim 4 , cellodextrin phosphorylase claim 4 , cellobiose phosphorylase claim 4 , and cellulose phosphorylase.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the saccharide is starch or a derivative thereof selected from the group consisting of amylose claim 4 , amylopectin claim 4 , soluble starch claim 4 , amylodextrin claim 4 , maltodextrin claim 4 , maltose claim 4 , and glucose.7. The process of claim 6 , further comprising the step of converting starch to a starch derivative wherein the starch derivative is ...

GLUCOSE PRODUCTION METHOD AND GLUCOSE PRODUCED BY SAID METHOD

A glucose production method is characterized in that a cellulose raw material is decomposed using a mixture of a cellulolytic enzyme, and saliva or an activating auxiliary agent derived from biological saliva. The method achieves excellent glucose yield. 1. A glucose production method characterized in that:cellulose is decomposed using a mixture of a cellulolytic enzyme, and saliva or an activating auxiliary agent derived from biological saliva.2. The glucose production method according to claim 1 , characterized in that:the saliva is saliva from a ruminant animal; andthe activating auxiliary agent derived from biological saliva is extracted from saliva from a ruminant animal.3. The glucose production method according to or claim 1 , characterized in that:the saliva from a ruminant animal is saliva from cattle, donkeys, camels, sheep or goats.4. Glucose that characterized by being produced using a glucose production method according to .5. The glucose production method according to claim 2 , characterized in that:the saliva from a ruminant animal is saliva from cattle, donkeys, camels, sheep or goats.6. Glucose that characterized by being produced using a glucose production method according to .7. Glucose that characterized by being produced using a glucose production method according to .8. Glucose that characterized by being produced using a glucose production method according to .9. A method for producing glucose claim 5 , comprising:providing a cellulose raw material;pulverizing the cellulose raw material to obtain a fine cellulose material;enzymolytically decomposing the fine cellulose material using a mixture of a cellulolytic enzyme and either saliva or an activating auxiliary agent derived from biological saliva, to obtain crude glucose material; andpurifying the crude glucose material to obtain a purified glucose material.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the saliva or biological saliva is obtained from a ruminant animal. The present invention ...

Removing impurities from sugar solutions

Provided is a process for removing impurities from a solution (S1), wherein said solution (S1) comprises one or more sugar dissolved in an aqueous solvent, wherein said solution (S1) has conductivity at 25° C. of 500 μS/cm or higher, and wherein said process comprises (a) contacting said solution (S1) with a cation exchange resin (R1) to produce a solution (S2) in which 80% or more of the cations are all of the same element (E); and (b) then contacting said solution (S2) with a cation exchange resin (R2) in which, prior to said contacting, 90% or more of acid groups are in the salt form with said element (E). Also provided is a process for producing glycols comprising providing an extract solution by the process of claim 1, and then contacting said solution (S3) with hydrogen and a metal catalyst.

METHOD FOR OBTAINING 1-KESTOSE

The present invention discloses an industrial scale method to obtain 1-kestose by the use of a recombinant fructosyltransferase (FTF), isolated from , expressed constitutively in a non-saccharolytic yeast. In this invention, the recombinant FTF type sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SSTrec) is produced constitutively, stable and at high yield, both in the culture supernatant and in intact cells of the host . Hence, the invention additionally provides a method for 1-SST production at industrial scale. The recombinant enzyme is then used for mass production of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS), specifically 1-kestose, from sucrose. The method of the present invention establishes conditions that allow conversion rates where the synthesized FOS constitute above 55% (w/w) of the total sugars in the reaction mixture and the 1-kestose content reaches values higher than 90% (w/w) of the total FOS fraction. 1Festuca arundinacea. A method for the production of 1-kestose on an industrial scale characterized by the conversion of sucrose into 1-kestose in a bioreactor with the use of a recombinant fructosyltransferase (FTF) from expressed constitutively in a non-saccharolitic yeast.2. The method of wherein the FTF is a sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST).3Pichia pastoris. The method of wherein the non-saccharolitic yeast is a strain.4Pichia pastoris. The method of wherein the strain contains multiple copies of the gene encoding the 1-SST integrated in the genome.5Pichia pastoris. The method of wherein the FTF is recovered from the supernatant and/or the cell sediment of the culture.6. The method of wherein the sucrose concentration is above 400 g/L.7. The method of wherein the FTF is produced by the recombinant yeast grown in a fermentor with discontinuous claim 1 , continuous or fed-batch operation.8. The method of wherein the carbon source used for the yeast growth is a compound selected from glycerol claim 7 , glucose and sucrose of any purity degree ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MONOETHYLENE GLYCOL

The invention provides a process for the preparation of monoethylene glycol from sucrose comprising the steps of: i) hydrolysing sucrose to form a reaction product stream comprising glucose and fructose; ii) separating the reaction product stream comprising glucose and fructose into a fructose or fructose derivative rich stream and a glucose rich stream; and iii) contacting the glucose rich stream with hydrogen in a reactor in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst system with catalytic hydrogenation abilities to produce a product stream comprising monoethylene glycol. 1. A process for the preparation of monoethylene glycol from sucrose comprising the steps of:i) hydrolysing sucrose to form a reaction product stream comprising glucose and fructose;ii) separating the reaction product stream comprising glucose and fructose into a fructose or fructose derivative rich stream and a glucose rich stream; andiii) contacting the glucose rich stream with hydrogen in a reactor in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst system with catalytic hydrogenation abilities to produce a product stream comprising monoethylene glycol.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the fructose rich stream resulting from step ii) is subjected to an isomerisation reaction to provide a further stream comprising fructose and glucose and this further stream is recycled and combined with the reaction product stream comprising glucose and fructose formed in step i).3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the fructose rich stream is used claim 1 , optionally after further purification claim 1 , as a sweetener in food or drink.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the fructose rich stream undergoes reaction to transform at least a portion of the fructose therein to hydroxymethylfufural or an alkoxy analogue thereof.5. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the hydroxymethylfurfural is then converted to 2 claim 4 ,5-furandicarboxylic acid.6. A process according to claim 5 , wherein the 2 ...

Aldose-Ketose Transformation for Separation and/or Chemical Conversion of C6 and C5 Sugars from Biomass Materials

Systems for converting aldose sugars to ketose sugars and separating and/or concentrating these sugars using differences in the sugars' abilities to bind to specific affinity ligands are described.

LIQUID ALLULOSE COMPOSITION

The invention relates to an aqueous liquid composition comprising allulose, wherein the weight content of allulose is at least 10 wt.-%, relative to the total weight of the liquid composition; and wherein the weight content of allulose is at least 10 wt.-%, relative to the total content of all carbohydrates that are contained in the liquid composition; and wherein the liquid composition has a viscosity of not more than 200 mPa·s. The invention also relates to the use of the liquid composition comprising allulose in food applications and beverage applications. 2. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight content of allulose is at least 25 wt.-% claim 1 , relative to the total weight of the liquid composition.3. (canceled)4. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight content of allulose is at least 55 wt.-% claim 1 , relative to the total weight of the liquid composition.56-. (canceled)7. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight content of allulose is at least 70 wt.-% claim 1 , relative to the total weight of the liquid composition.812-. (canceled)13. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight content of allulose is at least 30% of that weight content of allulose that would be contained in a fully saturated solution of allulose at ambient conditions.1421-. (canceled)22. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight content of water is not more than 90 wt.-% claim 1 , relative to the total weight of the liquid composition.2324-. (canceled)25. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight content of water is not more than 45 wt.-% claim 1 , relative to the total weight of the liquid composition.2649-. (canceled)50. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , which has a coloring capacity of not more than 1000 EBC.5157-. (canceled)58. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the allulose are present in form of β- ...

Methods for labeling eukaryotic cells from a multicellular organism as well as for treating and/or diagnosing a cancer using modified monosaccharide compounds

The present invention relates to modified monosaccharide compounds implemented in methods for labeling and/or detecting an eukaryotic cell from a multicellular organism. It also relates to such modified monosaccharide compounds implemented in methods for identifying or isolating cancer cells, diagnosing a cancer or for cell therapy.

Highly z-selective and enantioselective ring opening/cross metathesis catalyzed by a resolved stereogenic-at-ru complex

This invention relates generally to enantiomerically enriched C—H activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds which are stereogenic at ruthenium, to the preparation of such compounds, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds, more particularly, in the use of such catalysts in enantio- and Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

SOLID FORMS COMPRISING 4-AMINO-2-(2,6-DIOXOPIPERIDINE-3-YL)ISOINDOLINE-1,3-DIONE AND A COFORMER, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

Provided herein are solid forms comprising (a) 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione and (b) a coformer. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the solid forms (e.g., cocrystals) and methods for treating, preventing and managing various disorders are also disclosed. 176-. (canceled)77. A method of treating relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma , the method comprising administering to a patient dexamethasone in combination with a solid form comprising (a) 4-amino-2-(2 ,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1 ,3-dione (pomalidomide); and (b) a coformer; wherein:the coformer is gallic acid and the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern comprising peaks at 15.52, 26.16, and 26.90 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is vanillin and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 13.09, 12.25, and 25.61 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is cyclamic acid and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 6.42, 7.88, and 18.54 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is D-glucose and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 12.31, 20.68, and 25.52 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is propyl gallate and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 7.78, 12.29, 25.23, and 25.61 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is saccharin and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 15.98, 17.36, and 25.10 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is sodium lauryl sulfate and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 2.66, 5.30, and 7.93 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is magnesium bromide and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 17.16, 28.76, and 29.95 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is malonic acid and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 13.99, 16.63, and 25.58 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the coformer is maltol and the solid form has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 11.87, 17.09, and 25.73 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ;the ...

SOLID ACID CATALYST FOR PREPARING A MONOSACCHARIDE AND METHOD OF PREPARING A MONOSACCHARIDE FROM SEAWEED USING THE SAME

A solid acid catalyst for preparing a monosaccharide by degrading agarose includes a particle having a carbonized chaff and a sulfonyl group which is chemically bound on a surface of the carbonized chaff. A method of preparing the monosaccharides from seaweed using the solid acid catalyst includes reacting agarose with the solid acid catalyst, thereby preparing the monosaccharide by using an economical and efficient process. 1. A solid acid catalyst for preparing a monosaccharide by degrading agarose , the solid acid catalyst comprising:a particle including a carbonized chaff and a sulfonyl group, which is chemically bound on a surface of the carbonized chaff.2. The solid acid catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is a solid acid solution including a solid acid of 10 to 40 wt/volume % in water claim 1 , based on a total amount of the solid acid and water.3. The solid acid catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst has an average particle size of 100 to 500 nm.4. The solid acid catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is prepared by carbonizing rice chaff at a temperature range of 550 to 700° C. claim 1 , immersing the carbonized chaff in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to form a sodium-silicate bond claim 1 , introducing the sulfonyl group to replace sodium by treatment with a sulfonic acid claim 1 , and treating with an acid solution.5. A method of preparing a monosaccharide from agarose claim 1 , the method comprising:obtaining the monosaccharide by degrading the agarose using a solid acid catalyst comprising a particle including a carbonized chaff and a sulfonyl group which is chemically bound on a surface of the carbonized chaff.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising obtaining agar by treating seaweed with an alkaline aqueous solution and obtaining the agarose from the agar by using an solvent selected from the group consisting of organosulfur solvent and dimethylformamide claim 5 , before obtaining the ...

SUGAR COMPOSITIONS

A sugar composition comprising at least 40% dissolved solids in an aqueous solution having a viscosity at least 10% lower than a 42 DE (Dextrose Equivalents) reference solution with a same dissolved solids concentration at a given temperature. Another sugar composition comprising at least 30% glucose relative to total sugars, at least 10% mannose relative to total sugars, at least 5% xylose relative to total sugars, and less than 0.25% ash. Another sugar composition comprising at least 30% glucose relative to total sugars at least 10% mannose relative to total sugars, at least 5% xylose relative to total sugars, and at least 2% total furfurals. 129-. (canceled)30. A composition comprising: (i) a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate; or', '(ii) a monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolyzate;, '(a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate selected from (iii) a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate; or', '(iv) a dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolyzate; and, '(b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate selected from(c) less than 0.25% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash.31. The composition of claim 30 , wherein the ash comprises Ca claim 30 , Cu claim 30 , Fe claim 30 , K claim 30 , Mg claim 30 , Mn claim 30 , Na claim 30 , P claim 30 , S claim 30 , and Si.32. The composition of claim 30 , wherein:the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; andthe water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.33. The composition of claim 30 , wherein:the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, or a combination thereof; andthe water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate is selected from cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof.34. The composition of ...

Process for extraction of pentose from ligno-cellulosic substrate

A process for the hydrolysis of xylose/arabinose-containing polymers, present in biomass material. The hydrolysis is performed by acid which is generated via salts present in the substrate, and whereby acid is constantly recycled, thereby strongly reducing salt discharge.

INDUSTRIAL-SCALE D-MANNOSE EXTRACTION FROM D-MANNOSE BISULFITE ADDUCTS

The present invention relates to a process for the selective isolation of highly purified, crystalline D-mannose from complex sugar mixtures, in particular from mixed wood sugars, more particularly from spent sulfite liquor (SSL). The process of the present invention is based on converting mannose into essentially pure mannose bisulfite adducts. Subsequent oxidative recovery of mannose from the mannose bisulfite adducts renders crystalline mannose in improved yields and purities. 1. Process for the isolation of purified D-mannose , comprising at least the following steps:(a) providing a feed of mixed sugars, which feed comprises D-mannose, including D-mannose in the form of polymers or copolymers;(c) optionally concentrating the feed of mixed sugars of step (a) to a predetermined dry matter content, wherein said dry matter content is from 1% to 70%;(d) adding at least one sulfite to the feed of mixed sugars of step (a) or to the mixture of step (c), resulting in a D-mannose-bisulfite adduct;(e) regenerating or recovering D-mannose from the D-mannose-bisulfite adduct of step (d) by treating said D-mannose-bisulfite adduct with at least one oxidant and at least one base.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the feed of mixed sugars in step (a) comprises or consists of a spent sulfite liquor (SSL).3. Process according to claim 2 , wherein the feed of mixed sugars is subjected claim 2 , after step (a) and before step (d) claim 2 , to a pretreatment step (b) claim 2 , wherein said pretreatment step (b) comprises the separation claim 2 , preferably by ultrafiltration claim 2 , of at least a portion of the high molecular weight lignosulfonates present in the feed of mixed sugars.4. Process according to any of the preceding claims claim 2 , additionally comprising the following step (f) claim 2 , after step (e):(f) crystallizing D-mannose from the mixture of D-mannose and sulfate of step (e) by first precipitating sulfate.5. Process according to any of the preceding ...

Soft contact lenses with a lubricious coating covalently-attached thereon

The invention is generally related to soft contact lenses which comprise a polyvinylalcohol-based hydrogel lens body and a durable lubricious coating thereon which are covalently attached to the polyvinylalcohol-based hydrogel lens body through 6-membered acetal rings and to a method for producing the same.

Method for the Isomerisation of Glucose into Fructose

The invention relates to a method for the isomerisation of glucose into fructose in water in the presence of a solid base catalyst characterised by its reversibility of COadsorption at a low temperature, the catalyst being a catalyst comprising at least one supported or non-supported lanthanide oxide or a molecular sieve based on silicon containing the organic template thereof. The invention also relates to a method for preparing HMF from glucose, comprising the isomerisation of glucose into fructose. 1. A method for isomerisation of glucose into fructose in water in the presence of a solid basic catalyst , characterized by the reversibility of the COadsorption isotherms at low temperature , notably at 30° C. and preferably a differential COadsorption heat , measured at 30° C. , comprised between 60 and 110 kJ·mol , preferably between 75 and 90 kJ·mol , the catalyst being a catalyst comprising at least one scandium oxide or one lanthanide oxide selected from the chemical elements with atomic number from 57 to 71 , either supported or not supported or a molecular sieve based on silicon containing its organic template.2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , for which the catalyst is selected from lanthanide oxides claim 1 , either supported or not claim 1 , optionally hydroxylated and/or carbonated claim 1 , mixed oxides of lanthanides with other metals claim 1 , either supported or not claim 1 , optionally hydroxylated and/or carbonated claim 1 , or molecular sieves based on silicon containing their organic template.4. The method according to claim 1 , for which the catalyst is selected from mixed oxides of lanthanides with other alkaline or earth alkaline metals or supported oxides of lanthanides claim 1 , the supports being carbonaceous supports or metal oxides.5. The method according to claim 1 , for which the catalyst is MgLaO or LaO supported on coal.6. The method according to claim 1 , for which the catalyst is a molecular sieve of the M41S claim 1 , ...

Sialidase-resistant saccharide and method of making and using the same

Disclosed are a method of preparing a saccharide that contains a 3-fluoro-sialic acid and a method of bonding it to a homogeneous antibody. Also within the scope of this invention are compounds each containing a 3-fluoro-sialic acid, monoclonal antibodies bonded to α2,6-linked 3-fluoro-sialo-side terminated N-glycans, and treatment of cancer with such monoclonal antibodies.

Process for producing a fructoside-containing product

A fructoside-containing product is manufactured from a glucose-rich feedstock, in a process where glucose to fructose is isomerized by contacting the glucose-rich feedstock with a basic isomerization catalyst in an alcoholic medium at a temperature of at least 75° C., to yield a fructose-containing product; and where at least part of the fructose-containing product obtained therefrom is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to yield a fructoside-containing product.

CRYSTALLINE MICROPOROUS MATERIAL MEDIATED CONVERSION OF C1-3 OXYGENATE COMPOUNDS TO C4 OXYGENATE COMPOUNDS

A process for the preparation of Coxygenate compounds such as threose, erythrose or erythrulose starting from a composition comprising Coxygenate compounds such as formaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, glyoxal, pyruvaldehyde or acetol, wherein the process is carried out in the presence of a crystalline microporous material having a ring pore structure selected from an eight-membered ring pore structure or a ten-membered ring pore structure. 1. A process for the preparation of one or more Coxygenate compounds from a composition comprising Coxygenate compounds , wherein the process is carried out in the presence of a crystalline microporous material comprising a ring pore structure selected from one or more of the group consisting of an eight-membered ring pore structure and a ten-membered ring pore structure.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the Coxygenate compounds are compounds selected from one or more of the group consisting of threose claim 1 , erythrose and erythrulose.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising Coxygenate compounds comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde claim 1 , glycolaldehyde claim 1 , glyoxal claim 1 , pyruvaldehyde and acetol.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising Coxygenate compounds is obtainable from the pyrolysis of biomass or one or more oxygenate compounds selected from the group consisting of fructose claim 1 , glucose claim 1 , sucrose claim 1 , xylose or isomers thereof.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising Coxygenate comprises a solvent selected from one or more of the groups consisting of water claim 1 , alcohol and a water and alcohol mixture.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is selected from one or more of the group consisting of methanol and ethanol.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline microporous material comprising a small or medium pore ...

Mannose extraction method

[Objective] To provide a mannose extraction method with which high-purity mannose can be extremely easily extracted by performing a two-stage hydrolysis treatment on a plant-based raw material.[Solving Means] Mannose is extracted from a plant-based raw material by carrying out a first hydrolysis step S1 in which a plant-based raw material M1 and a first acid catalyst A1 are mixed and heated, a separation step S2 in which a reaction product M2 obtained by the first hydrolysis step is separated and recovered, and a second hydrolysis step S3 in which the reaction product obtained by the separation step and a second acid catalyst A2 are mixed and heated.

Zeolitic Materials Including Paired Lewis Acid Catalytic Sites

Disclosed are zeolitic materials that include a microporous crystalline framework substituted with one or more paired Lewis acid sites. Each of the one or more paired Lewis acid sites within the zeolitic material can comprise a first Lewis acid metal center and a second Lewis acid metal center. The first Lewis acid metal center and the second Lewis acid metal center can be separated by three or fewer atoms within the crystalline framework. Also provided herein are methods of making these zeolitic materials as well as methods of using these zeolitic materials as catalysts. 1. A zeolitic material comprising a microporous crystalline framework substituted with one or more paired Lewis acid sites ,wherein each of the one or more paired Lewis acid sites comprises a first Lewis acid metal center and a second Lewis acid metal center, andwherein the first Lewis acid metal center and the second Lewis acid metal center are separated by three or fewer atoms within the crystalline framework.3. The zeolitic material of claim 1 , wherein the first Lewis acid metal center and the second Lewis acid metal center are separated by one atom within the crystalline framework.4. The zeolitic material of claim 1 , wherein the first Lewis acid metal center and the second Lewis acid metal center are separated by less than 5 Angstroms.5. The zeolitic material of claim 1 , wherein the first Lewis acid metal center and the second Lewis acid metal center are not Al.6. The zeolitic material of claim 1 , wherein the first Lewis acid metal center and the second Lewis acid metal center are independently chosen from Sn claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , and Cr.7. The zeolitic material of claim 1 , wherein the first Lewis acid metal center and the second Lewis acid metal center comprise the same metal.8. The zeolitic material of claim 1 , wherein the first Lewis acid metal center is Sn and the second Lewis acid ...

IONIC LIQUID FILMS WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONALITIES FOR SURFACE MODIFICATION OF BIOMEDICAL ALLOYS

The present disclosure relates ionic liquids which are used as lubricants for medical devices. In some aspects, the ionic liquids of the present disclosure can exhibit antimicrobial or host cell integrative activity or a combination of functionalities. In some aspects, the present disclosure also provides devices coated with the ionic liquid. 2. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the cation is of formula I.35-. (canceled)7. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the cation is of formula II.8. The ionic liquid of either claim 1 , wherein Ris alkylor substituted alkyl.9. The ionic liquid of claim 8 , wherein Ris alkylor substituted alkyl claim 8 , Ris alkylor methyl.1011-. (canceled)13. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the anion is an amino acid.1416-. (canceled)17. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the anion is phosphate.18. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the anion is B(Y)(Y)(Y)(Y) claim 1 , wherein Y claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Y claim 1 , and Yare each independently selected from halogen claim 1 , hydroxyl claim 1 , amino claim 1 , alkyl claim 1 , alkenyl claim 1 , alkynyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , aralkyl claim 1 , acyl claim 1 , alkoxy claim 1 , aryloxy claim 1 , acyloxy claim 1 , or a substituted version of any of these groups.19. The ionic liquid of claim 18 , wherein Y claim 18 , Y claim 18 , Y claim 18 , and/or Yis halogen.2023-. (canceled)24. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the anion is ascorbic acid.25. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the anion is N(A)(A).2634-. (canceled)35. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the anion is a β-lactam compound.36. The ionic liquid of claim 35 , wherein the β-lactam compound is a β-lactam antibiotic.3741-. (canceled)4352-. (canceled)5473-. (canceled)7582-. (canceled)83. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein said liquid is formulated as a pharmaceutical composition.84. The ionic liquid of claim 42 , wherein said liquid is formulated as a ...

CONVERSION OF SUGARS TO IONIC LIQUIDS

Disclosed herein are methods for preparing sugar compositions. The methods include: i) forming a mixture including polysaccharide biomass and an ionic liquid solution, wherein the ionic liquid solution contains water and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid contains a) a cation and b) a sugar acid anion or a ketoacid anion; ii) maintaining the mixture under conditions sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the polysaccharide present in the polysaccharide biomass; iii) adding at least one glycoside hydrolase to the mixture; and iv) maintaining the mixture containing the glycoside hydrolase under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze at least a portion of the dissolved polysaccharide, thereby forming the sugar compositions. The sugar compositions contain at least one monosaccharide or oligosaccharide. New sugar-based ionic liquids are also described. 1. A method for preparing a sugar composition , the method comprising: the ionic liquid solution comprises water and an ionic liquid, and', 'the ionic liquid comprises a) a cation and b) a sugar acid anion or a ketoacid anion;, 'i) forming a mixture comprising polysaccharide biomass and an ionic liquid solution, wherein'}ii) maintaining the mixture under conditions sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the polysaccharide present in the polysaccharide biomass;iii) adding at least one glycoside hydrolase to the mixture; andiv) maintaining the mixture containing the glycoside hydrolase under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze at least a portion of the dissolved polysaccharide, thereby forming the sugar composition;wherein the sugar composition comprises at least one monosaccharide or oligosaccharide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar acid is selected from the group consisting of an aldaric acid claim 1 , an aldonic acid claim 1 , a uronic acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar acid is selected from the group consisting of mucic acid claim 1 , saccharic acid ...

D-ALLOSE CRYSTAL AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF

High-purity hydrous D-allose crystals and a method of efficiently obtaining the crystals are provided. To a D-allose-containing solution having a purity of D-allose of at least 80% (g/g) in a solute, in a metastable region in a supersaturated state of 30° C. or less, D-allose seed crystals are added. Then, the temperature of the solution is lowered by 10° C. or more for cooling and crystallization to initially obtain “hydrous D-allose crystals”, and the crystallization water thereof is removed in a specified temperature zone to obtain novel “anhydrous D-allose crystals”. 1. A method for producing a hydrous D-allose crystal by adding a D-allose seed crystal to a D-allose-containing solution , comprising steps of providing a D-allose-containing solution having a purity of D-allose of at least 80% (g/g) in a solute ,adjusting the D-allose-containing solution to that in a metastable region in the supersaturated solution at 30° C. or less,adding a D-allose seed crystal to said D-allose-containing solution and then cooling the D-allose-containing solution by lowering the temperature of the solution at least by 10° C. or more for crystallization of the hydrous D-allose crystal.2. The method for producing a hydrous D-allose crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the metastable region of the D-allose-containing solution to which the D-allose seed crystal is added has a degree of supersaturation of 1.02 to 1.30.3. The method for producing a hydrous D-allose crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the metastable region of the D-allose-containing solution to which the D-allose seed crystal is added has a relationship between Brix of the D-allose-containing solution and temperature (° C.) satisfying: 1.03×Temperature+23.10≤Brix≤0.94×Temperature+34.90.4. The method for producing a hydrous D-allose crystal according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the added D-allose seed crystal is in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 mass % based on D-allose in the D-allose-containing solution.5. The ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING D-GALACTOSE FOR USE OF THE PRODUCTION OF D-TAGATOSE FROM WHEY PERMEATE OR DRIED WHEY PERMEATE

A method for producing D-galactose from a dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or a liquid whey permeate is disclosed. The method comprises: removing non-sugar insoluble materials from the dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or the liquid whey permeate; removing protein from the dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or the liquid whey permeate from which non-sugar solid precipitates are removed; and removing ash, salts or both from the dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or the liquid whey permeate from which the proteins are removed. Another method for producing D-tagatose is disclosed. The other method comprises isomerizing D-galactose produced by the foregoing method. 1. A method for producing D-galactose from a dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or a liquid whey permeate , comprising:removing non-sugar materials from a dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or a liquid whey permeate;removing residual proteins from the dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or the liquid whey permeate from which non-sugar materials are removed; andremoving ash, salts or both from the dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or the liquid whey permeate from which the proteins are removed.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein removing the non-sugar materials comprises either forming the insoluble solid precipitates from the dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or the liquid whey permeate claim 1 , through heat treatment at 40° C. to 90° C. and/or adjusting the dissolved solution to a pH of 3 to 9 claim 1 , and removing the solid precipitates.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein removing the solid precipitates is performed without changes in sugar content in the dissolved solution of dried whey permeate or the liquid whey permeate or without forming by-products.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein removing the proteins comprises treating the dissolved solution with activated carbon and reacting the resultant at 20° C. to ...

NEW SYNTHESIS OF FUCOSE

A process for converting D-glucose into L-fucose, where a first aspect of the disclosure relates to a method of making a compound of formula (1) wherein R is independently H, alkyl or phenyl or, preferably, wherein the two germinal R groups together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C3-s cycloalkylidene group, including the step of treating a compound of formula (2) wherein R is defined above and Ris a sulphonate leaving group, with a reducing complex metal hydride and, preferably, a base to form the compound of formula (1); a compound of formula (13). 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula 2 is treated simultaneously with the reducing complex metal hydride and a base.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal hydroxides claim 2 , alkoxides and carbonates claim 2 , and the reducing complex metal hydride is selected from the group consisting of borohydrides and aluminium hydrides.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal hydroxide is selected from LiOH claim 5 , NaOH claim 5 , KOH claim 5 , Ba(OH)and Ca(OH) claim 5 , and and the borohydride is selected from sodium claim 5 , lithium claim 5 , potassium claim 5 , calcium and zinc borohydride.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of mesylate claim 1 , besylate claim 1 , tosylate claim 1 , triflate claim 1 , nosylate claim 1 , brosylate and tresylate.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R is independently a highly lipophilic Calkyl or phenyl group claim 1 , or wherein the two R groups together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a highly lipophilic Ccycloalkylidene group.12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the two geminal R-groups together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclohexylidene group.13. (canceled)14. The method according to ...

Chemical Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Fuels and Chemicals

A method for converting a carbohydrate to a furan in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a chloride, bromide, or iodide salt or a mixture thereof and optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, a metal halide catalyst and/or an ionic liquid (up to 40 wt %). The method can be employed in particular to produce furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. 125.-. (canceled)26. A method for generating one or more monosaccharides from biomass which comprises the step of contacting the biomass with a polar aprotic solvent containing a chloride , bromide or iodide , and a catalyst.27. The method of wherein the catalyst is an acid.28. The method of wherein the biomass is lignocellulosic biomass.29. The method of wherein the monosaccharide is glucose.3035-. (canceled)36. A monosaccharide feedstock comprising a monosaccharide in a polar aprotic solvent and a chloride claim 26 , bromide or iodide salt.37. The feedstock of wherein the polar aprotic solvent is DMXdimethylacetamide.38. The feedstock of further comprising lignin.39. The method of wherein the solvent is an ionic liquid.40. The method of wherein the solvent is a mixture of an ionic liquid and a polar aprotic solvent.41. The method of wherein the polar aprotic solvent is selected from N claim 40 ,N-dialkylacetamides claim 40 , N claim 40 ,N-dialkylformamides claim 40 , 2-pyrrolidones or 3-pyrrolidones claim 40 , alkyl- or N-alkyl-substituted pyrrolidinones claim 40 , pyrrolidine carboxaldehydes claim 40 , dialkylsulfones claim 40 , cyclic sulfolanes claim 40 , alkyl or dialkyl sulfolanes claim 40 , dialkyl sulfoxides claim 40 , alkyl or N-alkyl-substituted lactams claim 40 , or dialkyl propionamides claim 40 , wherein alkyl groups have 1-6 carbon atoms.42. The feedstock of wherein the solvent is an ionic liquid.43. The feedstock of wherein the solvent is a mixture of an ionic liquid and a polar aprotic solvent.44. The feedstock of wherein the polar aprotic solvent is selected from N claim 43 ,N-dialkylacetamides ...

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to proceed ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

SUGAR COMPOSITIONS

A sugar composition comprising: at least 40% dissolved solids in an aqueous solution having a viscosity at least 10% lower than a 42 DE (Dextrose Equivalents) reference solution with a same dissolved solids concentration at a given temperature. 129-. (canceled)30. A composition comprising:at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate;at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolyzate; andless than 2500 ppm in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash.31. The composition of claim 30 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzates comprises a pentose.32. The composition of claim 30 , wherein the ash comprises Ca claim 30 , Cu claim 30 , Fe claim 30 , K claim 30 , Mg claim 30 , Mn claim 30 , Na claim 30 , P claim 30 , S claim 30 , and Si.33. The composition of claim 30 , wherein:the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; andthe water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolyzate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.34. The composition of claim 30 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is derived from a lignocellulose substrate.35. The composition of claim 30 , further comprising water.36. The composition of claim 30 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is present at a concentration of at least 20 g/L.37. The composition of claim 30 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolyzate is xylose claim 30 , arabinose claim 30 , or a mixture thereof.38. The composition of claim 30 , further comprising less than 1 ppm by weight claim 30 , based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition claim 30 , of calcium.39. The composition of claim 30 ...

SELECTIVE VALORIZATION OF BIOMASS SUGARS

Disclosed are methods of forming an epimer or a dehydrated isomer of a pyranose monosaccharide or a pyranose saccharide residue in an oligosaccharide or a glycoside. 210.-. (canceled)1222.-. (canceled)2429.-. (canceled)3244.-. (canceled)46. The method of claim 11 , wherein Xis a tungstate.47. (canceled)48. The method of claim 46 , wherein Xis sodium tungstate.49. (canceled)50. (canceled)51. The method of claim 46 , wherein Xis tetra-n-methylammonium decatungstate (TMADT) claim 46 , tetra-n-propylammonium decatungstate (TPADT) claim 46 , or tetra-n-butylammonium decatungstate (TBDAT).52. The method of claim 11 , wherein Xis an alkyl amine or a heterocyclic amine.5359.-. (canceled)60. The method of claim 11 , wherein Xis a thiol or a disulfide.6174.-. (canceled)75. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises a base.7679.-. (canceled)80. The method of claim 75 , wherein the base is an organic base.8183.-. (canceled)8597.-. (canceled)98. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises a Lewis acid.99. The method of claim 98 , wherein the Lewis acid is an alkyl borate.100. (canceled)101. The method of claim 11 , wherein hv is blue light (i.e. claim 11 , light with a wavelength of about 427 nm to about 500 nm) or white light.102105.-. (canceled)106. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method is performed at ambient conditions.107115.-. (canceled)116. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises a deuterated solvent and the method replaces a hydrogen at the site of epimerization position with a deuterium.117120.-. (canceled)121. The method of claim 11 , wherein the yield of A′ is greater than 25% claim 11 , greater than 30% claim 11 , greater than 40% claim 11 , greater than 50% claim 11 , greater than 60% claim 11 , greater than 70% claim 11 , greater than 80% claim 11 , greater than 90% claim 11 , greater than 95% claim 11 , or greater than 99%.122. (canceled)123. (canceled) This application claims the benefit of priority ...

PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF FRUCTOSE SYRUP

Disclosed herein are aqueous compositions comprising fructose and methods of production thereof. A method for producing an aqueous composition comprising fructose can comprise, for example, conducting an enzymatic reaction by contacting water, sucrose, and a glucosyltransferase enzyme that synthesizes poly alpha-1,3-glucan having at least 30% alpha-1,3-linkages. A soluble fraction produced by such a reaction comprises at least about 55% fructose on a dry weight basis, and can be separated from insoluble poly alpha-1,3-glucan product(s), thereby providing an aqueous composition comprising fructose. 1. A method for producing an aqueous composition comprising fructose , said method comprising:(a) contacting water, sucrose, and a glucosyltransferase enzyme that synthesizes poly alpha-1,3-glucan having at least 30% alpha-1,3-linkages to produce a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction,wherein the insoluble fraction comprises said poly alpha-1,3-glucan, andwherein the soluble fraction comprises at least about 55% fructose on a dry weight basis, and(b) separating the soluble fraction from the insoluble fraction, thereby providing an aqueous composition comprising fructose.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glucosyltransferase enzyme synthesizes poly alpha-1 claim 1 ,3-glucan having at least 95% alpha-1 claim 1 ,3-linkages.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soluble fraction further comprises soluble oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2 to about 15.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the soluble fraction comprises less than about 30% of said soluble oligosaccharides on a dry weight basis.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising contacting the soluble fraction with an alpha-glucosidase enzyme to hydrolyze at least one glycosidic linkage of said oligosaccharides claim 3 , thereby increasing the monosaccharide content in the soluble fraction.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soluble fraction comprises at least about 75% fructose on a ...

METHOD FOR SEPARATION OF ACIDS AND SUGARS TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

The present disclosure relates to a method for separating sugars and acids with reduced energy consumption, including a step of diffusively dialyzing a first acid hydrolysate obtained by saccharifying biomass with an acid solution, thereby preparing a second acid hydrolysate wherein the concentration of the acid solution contained in the acid hydrolysate is decreased; and a step of electrolyzing the second acid hydrolysate, thereby separating sugars from the acid solution, which is advantageous in that less energy is consumed, the separated acid solution can be recycled directly without further treatment due to high concentration and loss of sugars can be minimized. 1. A method for separating sugars and acids with reduced energy consumption , comprising:diffusively dialyzing a first acid hydrolysate obtained by saccharifying biomass with an acid solution, thereby preparing a second acid hydrolysate wherein the concentration of the acid solution comprised in the acid hydrolysate is decreased; andelectrolyzing the second acid hydrolysate, thereby separating sugars from the acid solution.2. The method for separating sugars and acids with reduced energy consumption according to claim 1 , wherein the diffusion dialysis is performed using a diffusion dialyzer in which an acid hydrolysate inflow tank and a water tank are separated by an anion-exchange membrane and the reaction is performed continuously as the first acid hydrolysate is added to the acid hydrolysate inflow tank and water is added to the water tank.3. The method for separating sugars and acids with reduced energy consumption according to claim 1 , wherein a mesh is provided at the center of the acid hydrolysate inflow tank.4. The method for separating sugars and acids with reduced energy consumption according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis is performed using an electrolyzer in which a cathode tank and an anode tank are separated by an anion-exchange membrane claim 1 , the second acid hydrolysate ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SWEETENER ALLULOSE

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an allulose with stability at high yield, by concentrating products obtained by separating a solution containing allulose of a functional sweetener with high purity, to reduce the content of impurities such as fructose and reducing sugars and increase the content of allulose. 1. A method of preparation for an allulose concentrate solution comprising obtaining an allulose aqueous solution containing allulose; and distilling the allulose aqueous solution , wherein the distilling is performed at 40 to 85° C. of the concentrate solution , and the solid content of allulose concentrate solution is 60 Brix or more to 85 Brix or less.2. The method of preparation according to claim 1 , wherein the distilling is performed by at least 2 of distilling steps that comprise a step of preparing a low concentrate solution with the total solid content of 10 Brix or more to 60 Brix or less by distilling the allulose aqueous solution; and a step of preparing a high concentrate solution with the total solid content of more than 60 Brix to 85 Brix or less by distilling the low concentrate solution.3. The method of preparation according to claim 2 , wherein the distilling is repeatedly performed two times or more.4. The method of preparation according to claim 1 , wherein the allulose aqueous solution comprises 90% by weight or higher of allulose based on 100% of the total solid content.5. The method of preparation according to claim 1 , wherein the distilling is performed using a thin film vacuum evaporator or a multiple effect evaporator.6. The method of preparation according to claim 1 , wherein the allulose concentrate solution has allulose purity of 90% wt/wt or more claim 1 , and the total content of fructose and reducing sugars of 4.5% by weight or less.7. The method of preparation according to claim 1 , wherein the allulose concentrate solution has the fructose content of 3.0% by weight or less claim 1 , and the content of ...

AMORPHOUS MIXTURE COMPRISING A NEUTRAL MONO- OR OLIGOSACCHARIDE AND AN ACIDIC NON-CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENT

It is provided i) an amorphous carbohydrate with improved chemical stability and/or physical features, ii) a method for producing an amorphous carbohydrate with improved chemical stability and/or physical features, and iii) a method for improving the chemical stability and/or the physical features of an amorphous carbohydrate. 1. An amorphous mixture comprising a neutral mono- or oligosaccharide and an acidic non-carbohydrate component , wherein the pH of said mixture in its 5 w/w % aqueous solution is around 3.5-5.8.2. The amorphous mixture according to claim 1 , consisting essentially of one or more neutral mono- or oligosaccharides and one or more acidic non-carbohydrate components.3. The amorphous mixture according to or claim 1 , which is spray-dried or freeze-dried.4. The amorphous mixture according to any of the to claim 1 , wherein the oligosaccharide is a tri- or higher oligosaccharide claim 1 , preferably a tri- or higher reducing oligosaccharide claim 1 , more preferably the monosaccharide unit at the reducing end of said oligosaccharide is an aldose.5. The amorphous mixture according to claim 4 , wherein the monosaccharide unit at the reducing end is glucose claim 4 , more preferably a galactose unit is attached to said glucose with a β1-4 interglycosidic linkage to form a lactose moiety.6. The amorphous mixture according to or claim 4 , wherein the oligosaccharide is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO).7. The amorphous mixture according to any of the preceding claims claim 4 , wherein the acidic non-carbohydrate component is an inorganic acid claim 4 , preferably sulfuric acid and its monosalts claim 4 , HCl claim 4 , HBr claim 4 , nitric acid or phosphoric acid and its mono- and disalts claim 4 , or an organic acid claim 4 , preferably formic acid claim 4 , acetic acid claim 4 , oxalic acid claim 4 , tartaric acid claim 4 , lactic acid claim 4 , malic acid or citric acid.8. The amorphous mixture according to any of the preceding claims claim 4 , wherein ...

CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL FOR PURIFYING LIGNOCELLULOSIC OLIGOMERS

The present disclosure relates carbonaceous materials and to methods of using such carbonaceous materials for purifying oligomers produced from depolymerized biomass, such as lignocellulosic biomass.

CATALYST AND RELATED METHODS

Fossilized organic matter (FOM) is used as a catalyst for reactions including but not limited to nitrogen fixation, glycosylation, amino acid/protein synthesis, glycolysis, carbon fixation. 1. A method of catalyzing a reaction selected from the group consisting of nitrogen fixation , glycosylation , amino acid/protein synthesis , and carbon fixation , by incorporating a catalyzing amount of fossilized organic matter into the reaction mixture.2. The method of claim 1 , in which the reaction catalyzed is nitrogen fixation claim 1 , in which nitrogen is reacted with the carbohydrates to form amino acids.3. The method of claim 1 , in which the reaction catalyzed is the polymerization of the amino acids to form proteins.4. The method of claim 1 , in which the reaction catalyzed is glycosylation claim 1 , in which a sugar molecule is added to the nitrogen atom in a protein or amino acid.5. The method of claim 1 , in which the reaction catalyzed is carbon fixation claim 1 , in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into carbohydrates.6. The method of claim 1 , in which the fossilized organic matter is used to catalyze multiple reactions with saccharides claim 1 , including: nitrogen fixation to form amino acids claim 1 , and glycosylation to form acetyl amine compounds.7. The method of in which said multiple reactions include carbon fixation.8. The method of in which the reaction is conducted in aqueous solutions claim 1 , suspensions claim 1 , slurries and any combination thereof and the ratio of fossilized organic matter to reactant(s) is from about 1:50 to about 1:2500.9. The method of in which said reaction at a pH of 4.5 or less.10. The method of in which said reaction is conducted in a temperature range of from about 15° C. to about 30° C. in a nitrogen containing environment.11. The method of in which light is employed to enhance said reaction.12. The method of in which said fossilized organic matter is reacted as a liquid containing the fossilized organic matter in a ...

CONVERSION OF SUGARS TO IONIC LIQUIDS

Disclosed herein are methods for preparing sugar compositions. The methods include: i) forming a mixture including polysaccharide biomass and an ionic liquid solution, wherein the ionic liquid solution contains water and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid contains a) a cation and b) a sugar acid anion or a ketoacid anion; ii) maintaining the mixture under conditions sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the polysaccharide present in the polysaccharide biomass; iii) adding at least one glycoside hydrolase to the mixture; and iv) maintaining the mixture containing the glycoside hydrolase under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze at least a portion of the dissolved polysaccharide, thereby forming the sugar compositions. The sugar compositions contain at least one monosaccharide or oligosaccharide. New sugar-based ionic liquids are also described. 1. An ionic liquid comprising at least one anion and at least one cation , wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of a sugar acid anion and a ketoacid ion.2. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the sugar acid is selected from the group consisting of an aldaric acid claim 1 , an aldonic acid claim 1 , a uronic acid claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the sugar acid is selected from the group consisting of mucic acid claim 1 , saccharic acid claim 1 , xylaric acid claim 1 , arabinaric acid claim 1 , and mannaric acid.4. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the ketoacid is selected from the group consisting of α-ketoglutaric acid claim 1 , pyruvic acid claim 1 , and levulinic acid.5. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of a mucic acid anion claim 1 , a mucic acid anion claim 1 , an α-ketoglutaric acid anion claim 1 , and an α-ketoglutaric acid dianion.6. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the cation is selected from choline claim 1 , (Calkyl)NH claim 1 , (Calkyl)(Calkyl)N claim 1 , (Calkyl)imidazolium claim 1 ...

Compositions and methods comprising growth factors, chondroitin and glucosamine for degenerative disc regeneration

There is disclosed herein compositions, methods, uses and systems for reducing pain in a patient that emanates from a body area, preferably spine or joint. Methods of treatment or prevention are described for a disease or condition selected from degenerative disc disease, disc injury, pain, arthritis, or suspected arthritis.

NEW METHOD FOR TRANSFORMING SUGARS AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS INTO MONO- AND POLY-OXIDIZED COMPOUNDS IN THE PRESENCE OF A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

The invention concerns a method for converting a feedstock selected from sugars or sugar alcohols, alone or in a mixture, into mono- or polyoxygenated compounds, wherein the feedstock is contacted with at least one heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support selected from perovskites of formula ABO, in which A is selected from the elements Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba and B is selected from the elements Fe, Mn, Ti and Zr, and the oxides of elements selected from lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium and cerium, alone or in a mixture, which oxides can be doped with at least one element selected from alkali metals, alkaline earths and rare earths, in a reducing atmosphere, at a temperature of 100° C. to 300° C. and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 50 MPa. 1. Method for transforming a feedstock that is selected from among sugars and sugar alcohols , by themselves or in a mixture , into mono- or poly-oxidized compounds , in which said feedstock is brought into contact with at least one heterogeneous catalyst , in the same reaction chamber , in the presence of at least one solvent , with said solvent being water , an alcohol , a diol , or another solvent , by itself or in a mixture , under a reducing atmosphere , and at a temperature of between 100° C. and 300° C. , and at a pressure of between 0.1 MPa and 50 MPa , and in which said heterogeneous catalyst(s) comprise(s) at least one metal that is selected from among the metals of groups 8 to 11 of the periodic table and a substrate that is selected from among the perovskites of formula ABOin which A is selected from among the elements Mg , Ca , Sr and Ba , and B is selected from among the elements Fe , Mn , Ti and Zr , and the oxides of elements that are selected from among lanthanum , neodymium , yttrium , cerium , by themselves or in a mixture , with said oxides able to be doped by at least one element that is selected from among the alkaline metals , the alkaline-earths , and the rare earths , by themselves or in a mixture , with said method ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING D-PSICOSE CRYSTAL

A method for producing high purity D-psicose crystals having a purity of 98% (w/w) or more and a grain size of MA200 or more. The method includes: removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution; concentrating the purified D-psicose solution; cooling the concentrated D-psicose solution to 30° C. to 40° C. through a heat exchanger; seed crystallizing the D-psicose solution at 30° C. to 40° C. to obtain a seed crystallized massecuite; and full-scale crystallizing the seed crystallized massecuite. The method can produce pure D-psicose crystals in a suitable form for industrial application through an economical crystallization process from the D-psicose solution without using organic solvents. 1. A method for producing D-psicose crystals , comprising:removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution;concentrating the purified D-psicose solution within a supersaturated concentration range;cooling the concentrated D-psicose solution to 30° C. to 40° C. through a heat exchanger;adding D-psicose seed to the D-psicose solution at 30° C. to 40° C. and seed crystallizing the D-psicose solution to obtain seed crystallized massecuite; andfull-scale crystallizing the seed crystallized massecuite to provide D-psicose crystals having a purity of 98% (w/w) or higher and a grain size of MA200 or greater.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of removing impurities from a D-psicose solution to obtain a purified D-psicose solution comprises:decoloring the D-psicose solution by passing through a column packed with a decoloring agent;desalting the decolored D-psicose solution via ion exchange resin chromatography; andpassing the desalted D-psicose solution through a continuous chromatography column packed with an ion exchange resin to which calcium activating groups are attached to obtain a purified D-psicose solution.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the ion exchange resin used in the ion ...

METHOD FOR DECOMPOSING PLANT BIOMASS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING GLUCOSE

A plant biomass; a solid catalyst which can catalyze the hydrolysis of the biomass; and a method for hydrolyzing a plant biomass, which is characterized by a step of heating a mixture containing an inorganic acid and water and which has high glucose yield and high glucose selectivity. As the inorganic acid, hydrochloric acid can be used. The pH value is adjusted to 1.0 to 4.0. As the solid catalyst, activated carbon or the like can be used. 1. A method of hydrolyzing a plant biomass , including a step of heating a mixture containing a plant biomass , a solid catalyst for catalyzing hydrolysis of the biomass , an inorganic acid , and water.2. The method of hydrolyzing a plant biomass according to claim 1 , in which the mixture containing a plant biomass claim 1 , a solid catalyst claim 1 , an inorganic acid claim 1 , and water has a pH of from 1.0 to 4.0.3. The method of hydrolyzing a plant biomass according to claim 2 , in which the mixture containing a plant biomass claim 2 , a solid catalyst claim 2 , an inorganic acid claim 2 , and water has a pH of from 2.0 to 3.0.4. The method of hydrolyzing a plant biomass according to claim 1 , in which the inorganic acid includes at least one kind selected from hydrochloric acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , and boric acid.5. The method of hydrolyzing a plant biomass according to claim l claim 1 , in which the inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid.6. The method of hydrolyzing a plant biomass according to claim 1 , in which the heating is performed at a maximum heating temperature of from 170° C. to 200° C. and a retention time at the temperature is from 0 to 120 minutes.7. The method of hydrolyzing a plant biomass according to claim 1 , in which the heating is performed so that claim 1 , in a graph with a vertical axis representing a heating temperature and a horizontal axis representing time claim 1 , a product of temperature and time for a portion of 160° C. or higher (( ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING C5 AND C6 OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A composition , comprising:a water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate; anda water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate;wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is present at a level of about 5% by weight to about 20% by weight, based on total weight of said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate and said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate in said composition; andwherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises:about 10% by weight to about 25% by weight, based on total weight of said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate and said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate in said composition, of C6 pentasaccharides.2. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 15.3. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 13.4. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 10.5. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate comprises a C6 oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 6.6. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein said water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:less than about 10 ppm by weight of aluminum.8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:less than about 3000 ppm by weight of calcium.9. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:less than ...

HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND SALTS

Compositions which inhibit corrosion and alter the physical properties of concrete (admixtures) are prepared from salt mixtures of hydroxycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, and nitric acid. The salt mixtures are prepared by neutralizing acid product mixtures from the oxidation of polyols using nitric acid and oxygen as the oxidizing agents. Nitric acid is removed from the hydroxycarboxylic acids by evaporation and diffusion dialysis. 1adding at least one polysaccharide to aqueous nitric acid;stirring the resulting mixture until the polysaccharide is hydrolyzed to lower molecular weight saccharides selected from the group consisting of: smaller than the at least one polysaccharide, oligosaccharides, tetrasaccharides, trisaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides.. A method for preparing an aqueous solution of at least one organic compound suitable for direct nitric acid oxidation comprising the steps of: This application is a divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 12/422,135, filed Apr. 10, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 11/890,760, filed Aug. 6, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,692,041 B2, which claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/836,329, filed Aug. 7, 2006, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety including all figures, tables and drawings.The invention was made with Government support under Grant No. 2003-364463-13003 and 2005-364463-15561 awarded by the USDA-CSRESS. The Government has certain rights in the invention.Not applicable.This invention describes a method for synthesizing hydroxycarboxylic acid salts from polyols using nitric acid and oxygen as the oxidizing agents and applying the hydroxycarboxylic acid salts for uses that include corrosion inhibiting materials and components of concrete.Hydroxycarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acid salts are well recognized as corrosion inhibitors particularly effective in inhibiting metal corrosion ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING D-PSICOSE FROM D-PSICOSE BORATE COMPLEX USING CHROMATOGRAPHY AND COMPOSITION CONTAINING D-PSICOSE

The present application relates to a method for producing D-psicose, the method comprising the steps of: putting a composition containing a D-psicose borate complex into a chromatography comprising divalent cations; and separating the composition containing the D-psicose borate complex into a D-psicose-containing fraction (i) and a borate-containing fraction (ii). 1. A method for producing D-psicose , the method comprising:a step of putting a composition comprising a D-psicose borate complex into a chromatography comprising divalent cations; anda step of separating the composition comprising the D-psicose borate complex into a D-psicose-containing fraction (i) and a borate-containing fraction (ii).2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , before the step of putting claim 1 , a step of obtaining a composition comprising the D-psicose borate complex by bringing a D-fructose and a borate into contact with a D-psicose 3-epimerization enzyme claim 1 , a strain expressing the enzyme or a culture of the strain.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the D-psicose 3-epimerization enzyme is a wild-type psicose epimerization enzyme derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Kaistia granuli claim 2 , or a variant thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising the D-psicose borate complex has a borate content of less than 25% (w/w) on a dry solid basis.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the D-psicose-containing fraction (i) has a borate content of less than 0.5 ppm (w/w) on a dry solid basis.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the D-psicose-containing fraction (i) has a D-psicose content of 85% (w/w) or more on a dry solid basis.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chromatography is a simulated moving bed chromatography claim 1 , and the divalent cations are included in a columnar form filled with a cation exchange resin.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent cations are one or more of calcium ions claim 1 , barium ions claim 1 , and ...

NEW MOLECULES FROM SEAWEEDS WITH ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY

The present invention provides purified compounds extracted from seaweeds having the formula (I): wherein Rand Ris each independently H or a fatty acid and their use for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 127-. (canceled)29. A method of treatment of a cancer in a mammal comprising administering a growth-inhibiting concentration of a compound #2 or #7 as defined in , or a composition as defined in .30. A gelcap claim 28 , pill claim 28 , capsule or other device for oral administration comprising a cancer inhibiting-effective amount of the compound #2 or #7 of .3134-. (canceled) This application is a national phase application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/CA2016/051333, filed Nov. 16, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/256,339, filed Nov. 17, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/269,198, filed Dec. 18, 2015. The entire text of each of the above referenced disclosures is specifically incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to novel molecules extracted from seaweeds, method of preparation and use for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.Cancer is a disease that seriously jeopardizes the health of human beings. Around the globe, about 6 millions people die of cancer every year, with another 10 millions seriously affected by the disease. According to the estimate of the World Health Organization, in the 21st century, cancer will become the “number one killer” of mankind.In the past several decades, many ways of treating cancer became available, mainly including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, among which surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have become the major means. Chemotherapy refers to treating cancer with chemical medication. It is the most rapidly expanding field in the treatment of cancer. A great number of new medicines aiming at different targets are ready for clinical application, and developments in ...

SYNTHESIZING PET TRACERS USING [F-18]SULFONYL FLUORIDE AS A SOURCE OF [F-18]FLUORIDE

The present disclosure relates to the methods for the preparation of reactive [F-18]fluoride in a form of [F-18]sulfonyl fluoride suitable for efficient radiolabeling without an azeotropic evaporation step by the use of anion exchange resin and sulfonyl chloride, and its applications in the manufacturing of PET radiopharmaceuticals. 1. A method of making [F-18]sulfonyl fluoride without any evaporation step , the method comprising:a) passing an aqueous [F-18]fluoride solution or solvent through a solid phase extraction column comprising an anion-exchange resin so that the [F-18]fluoride is trapped on the resin;b) rinsing the resin with an organic solvent to eliminate the residual water; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'sup': '1', 'claim-text': R is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, substituted arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, and combinations thereof; and', {'sup': '1', 'Ris a leaving group.'}], 'c) eluting the [F-18]fluoride with an eluting solution to release the [F-18]fluoride from the anion-exchange resin as [F-18]RSOF which acts as a source of [F-18]fluoride for a labeling reaction, wherein the eluting solution comprises a compound having the formula RSORand an organic solvent, wherein'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl claim 1 , substituted alkyl claim 1 , cycloalkyl claim 1 , substituted cycloalkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , substituted aryl claim 1 , heteroaryl claim 1 , substituted heteroaryl claim 1 , methyl and trifluoromethyl.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of CH claim 1 , CF claim 1 , CH claim 1 , CHCH claim 1 , CFCH claim 1 , NOCH ...

High Purity Low Endotoxin Carbohydrate (HPLE) Compositions, and Methods of Isolation Thereof

Provided herein is a highly pure carbohydrate composition, and a method of making a highly pure carbohydrate composition. The method includes passing an aqueous carbohydrate solution through an anion exchange chromatography column including a polyethyleneimine (PEI) chromatographic media to obtain a purified solution, and isolating a highly pure carbohydrate composition from the purified solution.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MONOSACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES, AND FURFURALS FROM BIOMASS

The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and furfurals from biomass. A biomass is hydrolyzed under conditions under which monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and furfurals are produced while continuously supplying an aqueous suspension of the biomass from a supply port of a continuous primary hydrolysis device and moving the suspension through the device. A hydrolysis solution is continuously discharged from a discharge port of the continuous hydrolysis device, and a hydrolysis solution containing monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and furfurals are extracted from an intermediate extraction port provided at any position between the supply port and the discharge port of the continuous primary hydrolysis device. The extracted hydrolysis solution is then subjected to secondary hydrolysis. 1. A method for manufacturing monosaccharides , oligosaccharides , and furfurals comprising: subjecting a biomass to primary hydrolysis under pressurization and heating conditions under which monosaccharides , oligosaccharides , and/or furfurals are produced while continuously supplying an aqueous suspension of a raw material suspension of the biomass from a supply port of a continuous primary hydrolysis device and moving the biomass suspension through the device , continuously discharging the primary hydrolysis suspension from a discharge port of the continuous primary hydrolysis device , and continuously extracting the primary hydrolysis solution separated from the primary hydrolysis suspension in the device from an intermediate extraction port equipped with a solid-liquid separation device provided at any position between the supply port and the discharge port of the continuous primary hydrolysis device in a state in which the temperature and pressurization of primary hydrolysis are maintained.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein hydrolysis solution containing monosaccharides claim 1 , oligosaccharides claim 1 , and ...

Water Soluble Farnesol Analogs and Their Use

Farnesol analogs, along with their related products (e.g., treatment compositions, wipes, absorbent articles, etc.) and their methods of formation, are provided. The farnesol analog includes a hydrophilic end group (e.g., a hydroxyl end group or a carboxylic acid end group) attached to farnesol via a covalent linkage (e.g., an ester group or an ether group). 1. A farnesol analog comprising a hydrophilic end group attached to farnesol via a covalent linkage , wherein the hydrophilic end group defines a hydroxyl end group or a carboxylic acid end group , and wherein the covalent linkage comprises an ester group or an ether group.2. The farnesol analog as in claim 1 , wherein the covalent linkage comprises a first ester group.4. The farnesol analog as in claim 3 , wherein n is 2 claim 3 , 3 claim 3 , or 4.5. The farnesol analog as in claim 4 , wherein the hydrophilic end group comprises a second ester group.7. The farnesol analog as in claim 6 , wherein n is 2 claim 6 , 3 claim 6 , or 4; andwherein m is 2, 3, or 4.8. The farnesol analog as in claim 1 , wherein the covalent linkage comprises an ether group claim 1 , and wherein the hydrophilic end group defines a hydroxyl end group.10. The farnesol analog as in claim 9 , wherein n is 2 claim 9 , 3 claim 9 , or 4.12. The farnesol analog as in claim 8 , wherein the farnesol analog comprises a monosaccharide covalently attached to the farnesol via an ether linkage.14. The farnesol analog as in claim 1 , wherein the farnesol analog has a solubility in water that is 10 grams per 100 grams of water or greater.15. A wipe comprising a web that includes a plurality of fibers claim 1 , wherein the web is coated with a treatment composition claim 1 , the treatment composition comprising the farnesol analog according to .16. An absorbent article comprising:a liquid impermeable outer cover;a liquid permeable bodyside liner;an absorbent body disposed between the outer cover and bodyside liner; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', ...

Fermentative Production of Oligosaccharides

The present application discloses a method of making a mixture of 2′-FL and DFL in high yield by culturing, with lactose, a genetically modified cell having a recombinant gene that encodes a single fucosyl transferase. The resulting mixture of 2′-FL and DFL can be subjected to hydrolysis initiated by an acid or mediated by a fucosidase to produce fucose in high yields. 1. A method of obtaining a mixture of 2′-FL and DFL , comprising the step of culturing , in an aqueous culture medium containing lactose , a genetically modified cell having a recombinant gene that encodes a single glycosyl transferase , which is a fucosyl transferase , capable of modifying lactose or an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of 2′-FL or DFL from lactose and that is necessary for the synthesis of 2′-FL or DFL from lactose; the method being characterized by:adding, to the culture medium, at least 50 grams of lactose per 1 liter of initial culture volume so that the final volume of the culture medium is not more than three-fold of the volume of the culture medium before the culturing; oradding the lactose to the culture medium for more than 4 days; oradding, to the culture medium for more than 4 days, at least 50 grams of lactose per 1 liter of initial culture volume, so that the final volume of the culture medium is not more than three-fold of the volume of the culture medium before the culturing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a carbon and energy source is also added to the culture medium.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a first phase of exponential cell growth is provided by adding a carbon-based substrate to the culture medium before the lactose is added to the culture medium in a second phase.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified cell secretes the mixture of 2′-FL and DFL into the extracellular space of the culture medium during the culturing step.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a mixture of 2′-FL and DFL is obtained of at least 75 grams per liter of ...

FUNCTIONAL CRYSTALLINE SWEETENER

The present invention relates to functional saccharides having specific crystallinity, a method for preparing thereof, and a functional sweetener comprising the crystalline saccharides. 1. An allulose crystal having an X-ray spectrum which has a peak at angles of diffraction (2θ) of 15.24 , 18.78 , and 30.84±0.2° in the X-ray spectroscopy.2. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray spectrum has a peak at angles of diffraction (2θ) of 15.24 claim 1 , 18.78 claim 1 , 30.84 and 28.37±0.2° in the X-ray spectroscopy.3. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray spectrum has a peak at angles of diffraction (2θ) of 15.24 claim 1 , 18.78 claim 1 , 30.84 and 31.87±0.2° in the X-ray spectroscopy.4. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray spectrum has a peak at angles of diffraction (2θ) of 15.24 claim 1 , 18.78 claim 1 , 30.84 and 47.06±0.2° in the X-ray spectroscopy.5. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray spectrum has a peak at angles of diffraction (2θ) of 15.24 claim 1 , 18.78 claim 1 , 30.84 claim 1 , 27.37 claim 1 , 47.06 and 31.87±0.2° in the X-ray spectroscopy.6. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the allulose crystal has a Tm of 125.8° C.±5° C. or an enthalpy of melting (ΔH) from 200 to 220 J/g measured according to a differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC).7. The allulose crystal of claim 6 , wherein the Tm is a temperature of 125.8° C.±3° C.8. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the allulose crystal has 350 μm or higher of mean major diameter of crystal.9. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of major diameter length (micrometer) to minor diameter of the crystal (=major diameter/minor diameter) is in the range of 1.0 to 8.0.10. The allulose crystal of claim 1 , wherein the mean minor diameter of the crystal is 50 μm to 1 claim 1 ,000 μm.11. An allulose crystal having one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of the following (1) to (5):(1) a peak at angles of ...

SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF CARBOHYDRATES

The invention relates to the field of carbohydrate chemistry. Provided is a process for the regioselective oxidation of a single secondary hydroxy function of a carbohydrate substrate comprising two or more secondary hydroxy functions, comprising contacting the carbohydrate substrate in a solvent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst complex with an oxidizing agent to yield a mono-oxidized carbohydrate. 1. A process for the regioselective oxidation of a single secondary hydroxy function of a carbohydrate substrate comprising two or more secondary hydroxy functions , comprising contacting the carbohydrate substrate in a solvent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst complex with an oxidizing agent to yield a mono-oxidized carbohydrate , and wherein the catalyst complex comprises at least one transition metal atom and one or more ligands comprising at least one nitrogen atom.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal catalyst complex comprises palladium claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , copper claim 1 , manganese or iron.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the transition metal catalyst complex comprises palladium.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the transition metal catalyst complex comprises at least one palladium atom and one or more ligands comprising at least one nitrogen atom.5. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the transition metal catalyst complex is a palladium phenanthroline or a palladium bis(aryl)acenapthenequinonediimine (BIAN) complex in which the phenanthroline or the BIAN ligand is optionally substituted.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal catalyst complex is used in a molar ratio of 0.01-10 mol % with respect to the carbohydrate substrate.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of a quinone claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , air claim 1 , peroxide and hydroperoxide.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING C5 and C6 MONOSACCHARIDES

Compositions comprising C5 and C6 monosaccharides and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING C5 and C6 MONOSACCHARIDES

Compositions comprising C5 and C6 monosaccharides and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A composition comprising:(a) at least one water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate, derived from cellulose;(b) at least one water-soluble C5 monosaccharide hydrolysate and/or at least one water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate, derived from hemicellulose;(c) at least one water-soluble C5 oligosaccharide hydrolysate and/or at least one water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate, derived from hemicellulose; and(d) impuritieswherein the impurities comprise a total amount by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of (a) less than about 6750 ppm or (b) less than about 1950 ppm of elements Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, and Zn when the composition is measured for all of the elements.2. The composition of claim 1 ,wherein the elements comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.3. The composition of claim 2 , further comprising:at least one water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate, derived from cellulose.4. The composition of claim 3 ,wherein the at least one water-soluble C6 oligosaccharide hydrolysate, derived from cellulose, is selected from one of cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof.5. The composition of claim 2 , further comprising:glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof.6. The composition of claim 2 ,wherein the one water-soluble C5 monosaccharide hydrolysate and/or the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose biomass.7. The composition of claim 2 , further comprising:water.8. The composition of claim 2 , at a concentration of at least 0.5 g/L; or', 'at a concentration of at least 200 g/L., 'wherein the water-soluble hydrolysates are present9. The composition of claim 2 ,wherein the at least one water-soluble C6 ...

Conversion of glucose to sorbose

The present invention is directed to methods for preparing sorbose from glucose, said method comprising: (a) contacting the glucose with a silica-containing structure comprising a zeolite having a topology of a 12 membered-ring or larger, an ordered mesoporous silica material, or an amorphous silica, said structure containing Lewis acidic Ti 4+ or Zr 4+ or both Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ framework centers, said contacting conducted under reaction conditions sufficient to isomerize the glucose to sorbose. The sorbose may be (b) separated or isolated; or (c) converted to ascorbic acid.

PROCESS FOR ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF OXIDATION AND REDUCTION PRODUCTS OF MIXED SUGARS

The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, 1. A process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars ,wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1,wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other,wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, andwherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted,characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.2. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that sugar acids and sugar acid lactones claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , are obtained as oxidation products claim 1 , and sugar alcohols are obtained as reduction products.3. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the mixture of sugars contains xylose and arabinose claim 1 , with xylose being present in excess.4. A process according to claim 3 , characterized in that arabinose is oxidized to arabonic acid or to arabonic acid lactone claim 3 , respectively claim 3 , and a portion of the xylose is reduced to xylitol in the first stage claim 3 , and claim 3 , in the second stage claim 3 , the unreacted xylose is oxidized completely or partly to xylonic acid or to xylonolactone by half and claim 3 , respectively claim 3 , the remaining half is reduced to xylitol.5. A process according to claim 3 , characterized in that arabonic acid ...