Process for preparing ambient temperature ionic liquids

A METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O °C, the cations in said ionic liquid having the general formula (I), in which Z represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R1 represents a methyl or ethyl group, each of R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, is selected from C4-3alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl, and C5-7 cycloalkyl, and R4 represents C1-8 alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl or C5-7cyclohexyl; in which the optional substituents on a benzyl or phenyl ring are one, two or three substituents selected from C1-4alkyl or alkoxy groups, halogen atoms and nitro groups; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25°C.

Methods for modifying cellulosic polymers in ionic liquids

Sulfation or sulfonation of cellulose and cellulose ethers is conducted in an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Detergent compositions containing the sulfated or sulfonated reaction product are suitable for fabric cleansing.

Aqueous-based wellbore fluids

The invention provides a wellbore fluid which comprises an aqueous continuous phase and, dissolved in said aqueous continuous phase, at least one salt which exists in a liquid state at a temperature below 150° C. and which has an ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium cation containing at least 5 carbon atoms, or a quaternised nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cation containing at least 6 carbon atoms; provided that said salt is not 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl ethanaminium acetate; and a method of carrying out a wellbore operation, which comprises introducing into a wellbore in a clay-containing formation, a wellbore fluid according to the invention. The described salts are effective shale inhibitors.

ELEMENTAL SOLVENTS

Use of ionic liquids as solvents for elements such as phosphorus, selenium, tellurium and sulphur, and compounds thereof.

METAL BROMIDE AND PRODUCTION OF METAL OXIDE BROMIDE

PURPOSE: To easily obtain a metal bromide or metal oxide bromide under a relatively mild condition by allowing a metal oxide to react with carbonyl dibromide at an increased temp. CONSTITUTION: The metal bromide or the metal oxide bromide is obtained by allowing the metal oxide to react with carbonyl dibromide preferably at a higher temp. than 100°C. The method is particularly useful as a method for producing a transition metal bromide or a transition metal oxide bromide from a transition metal oxide. Specific examples of the transition metal include vanadium, molybdenum, rhenium, samarium and lanthanoid. In such a case, excess carbonyl dibromide, for example, ≥7 mol carbonyl dibromide per 1 mol metal oxide is adequately used and the reaction is performed in a pressure vessel. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUIDS IONI WITH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE LIQUID ONE

Conversion method

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O DEG C, and in which the anions are selected from sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and nitrate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 DEG C.

Ionic liquids derived from functionalized anionic surfactants

A novel class of ionic liquids and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Specifically, these novel ionic liquids can be derived from anionic surfactants, such as alkyl aryl sulfonates, and mid-chain branched derivatives of alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy sulfates, and alkyl aryl sulfonates. In addition, novel ionic liquids can be derived from other anionic surfactants, such as methyl ester sulfonates (MES), alkyl glycerol ether sulfonates, and alpha olefin sulfonates. Anions may be paired with a variety of cations to achieve various advantageous properties. The present invention also relates to compositions containing these novel ionic liquids and method of using the same.

USE OF METALLBISTRIFLIMIDE CONNECTIONS

NONLINEAR, OPTICAL DEVICE

OXIDATION OF METAL (OXI) HALIDES.

Light emitting complex salts

Nuclear fuel reprocessing

CONVERSION METHOD

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O °C, and in which the anions are selected from sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and nitrate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 °C.

IONIC LIQUIDS AS SOLVENTS

A method of dissolving in an ionic liquid a metal in an initial oxidation state below its maximum oxidation state, characterised in that the ionic liquid reacts with the metal and oxidises it to a higher oxidation state. The initial metal may be in the form of a compound thereof and may be irradiated nuclear fuel comprising UO2 and/or PuO2 as well as fission products. The ionic liquid typically is nitrate-based, for example a pyridinium or substituted imidazolium nitrate, and contains a Bronstead or Franklin acid to increase the oxidising power of the nitrate. Suitable acids are HNO3, H2SO4 and ¢NO+!. Imidazolium nitrates and certain pyridinium nitrates form one aspect of the invention.

Removing carbon dioxide from gases

The invention relates to the separation of gases, and more specifically to a process for the removal of carbon dioxide gas, using carefully selected liquid absorbents. The absorbents are a mixture of an ionic liquid and water in a molar ratio of 10:1 to 1:10, and the ionic liquid has the formula [Cat+][X-], where [Cat+] represent one or more cationic species selected from tetrasubstituted phosphonium cations, tetrasubstituted ammonium cations, trisubstituted sulfonuium cations, guanidinium cations and quinolinium cations, [X-] represents one or more anionic species selected from conjugate bases of acids having a pKa of at least 3.6, with the proviso that [X-] is not formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, hydroxyacetate, propanoate, pentafluoropropanoate, lactate, butanoate, isobutanoate, pivalate, pyruvate, thiolactate, oxalate, tartrate, maloante, succinate, adipate or benzoate.

IONIC LIQUIDS

This invention relates to an ionic liquid comprising a dialkyl substituted imidazolium halide wherein at least one of the said alkyl substituents has 6 or more carbon atoms, a method of preparation of such imidazolium halides, and the use thereof for hydrocarbon conversion reactions such as oligomerization or polymerization of olefins and for the alkylation of paraffins, isoparaffins or aromatics with olefins. Polymerization of C4 raffinates using these ionic liquids as catalysts enables a much higher percentage of n-butenes to be incorporated in the product polymer than would be possible in conventional cationic polymerization processes.

CONVERSION METHOD

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O °C, the cations in said ionic liquid having the general formula (I), in which Z represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R1 represents a methyl or ethyl group, each of R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, is selected from C4-3alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl, and C5-7 cycloalkyl, and R4 represents C1-8 alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl or C5-7cyclohexyl; in which the optional substituents on a benzyl or phenyl ring are one, two or three substituents selected from C1-4alkyl or alkoxy groups, halogen atoms and nitro groups; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25°C.

Basic ionic liquids

回收废料的熔盐的处理

... 一种从金属盐中除去其中的各种离子形式的方法，该方法包括将金属盐与离子液体接触以溶解该金属盐、该各种离子形式或其二者。至少在该金属盐和各种离子形式都溶解的情况下，处理所获得的离子液体组合物以从中分离出各种离子形式，接着进行金属盐的回收。 ...

OXIDATION OF METAL (OXO)HALIDES

PURPOSE: To produce simple or complex metal oxides or oxohalides at a relatively low temp. such as ambient temp. by oxidizing the metal (oxo)halide with an iodosoaromatic compd. CONSTITUTION: At the time of producing the simple or complex metal oxides or oxohalides, the oxohalide and/or halide of one kind or more metals are oxidized with the iodosoaromatic compd. The oxidation reaction may be executed in a homogeneous or unhomogeneous phase, but the oxidation may be executed in a homogenous condition preferably. Therefore, the reaction is executed in the presence of a solvent preferably. Even if the solvent is used, it should be designed in such a manner that it hardly compete with the metal (oxo)halide. The oxidation condition evading a formation of hydroxide from the metal (oxo)halide is used preferably. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO ...

CHLOROMETHYL BENZENES

Improved aqueous-based wellbore fluids

The invention provides a wellbore fluid which comprises an aqueous continuous phase and, dissolved in said aqueous continuous phase, at least one salt containing an imidazolium cation having at least 6 carbon atoms, and a method of carrying out a wellbore operation, which comprises introducing into a wellbore in a clay-containing formation, a wellbore fluid according to the invention. The described salts are effective shale inhibitors.

Imidazole carbenes

PROCESS FOR EPIMERISING CYCLOHEXENYL KETONES AND ITS APPLICATION IN ALDOL CONDENSATION PROCESS

Processes for producing intermediate materials used for perfumery, specifically, epimerized cyclohexenyl ketones, are disclosed. Processes for employing the epimerising reaction in an Aldol condensation reaction are also disclosed. The process for epimerizing a cyclohexenyl ketone comprises the step of reacting epimerizable cyclohexenyl ketone with a metal hydride, preferably a hydride of Group 1 or Group 2 metals, more preferably wherein the metal hydride is selected from the group consisting of LiH, NaH, KH, CaH2 and mixtures thereof.

Base Stable Ionic Liquids

The present invention relates to novel base stable ionic liquids and uses thereof as solvents in chemical reactions, especially base catalysed chemical reactions and reactions comprising the use of strong basis.

Process for separating metals

A method for separating a metal from a composition including the metal involves forming an electrolytic cell in which the anode comprises a composition including the metal. The electrolyte is an ionic liquid. A sufficient potential difference is applied between the anode and the cathode to cause the metal to transfer from the anode to the cathode deposited thereon.

Process for separating metals

Electrosynthesis of organic compounds

Conversion method

Conversion method

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O °C, the cations in said ionic liquid having the general formula (I), in which Z represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R ...

Ionic liquids as solvents

IONIC LIQUID SYSTEMS

The present invention relates to an ionic liquid system for enhanced delivery and/or deposition of a perfume raw material onto a substrate, particularly fabric, hard surfaces, soft surfaces, skin, or hair. The invention also relates to consumer products comprising the new ionic liquid systems, and processes for making and methods of using such ionic liquid systems and consumer products.

Methods for modifying cellulosic polymers in ionic liquids

Sulfation or sulfonation of cellulose and cellulose ethers is conducted in an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Detergent compositions containing the sulfated or sulfonated reaction product are suitable for fabric cleansing.

OXIDATION VON METALL(OXI)HALOGENIDEN.

This invention relates to a process for producing simple or complex metal oxide(s) or oxohalide(s) by oxidising at ambient temperature an oxohalide and/or a halide of one or more metals using an iodosoaromatic compound as the oxidising agent. Iodosobenzene, dimethyliodosobenzene and pentafluoroiodosobenzene are suitable oxidising agents. This method allows protective coatings of metal oxides to be deposited on temperature sensitive substrates.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON BEI UMGEBUNGSTEMPERATUR FLÜSSIGEN IONISCHEN FLÜSSIGKEITEN

2,3,5,6-TETRAKIS(CHLOROMETHYL)-4-METHYL-CHLOROBENZENE

This invention relates to 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(chloromethyl)-4-methyl-chlorobenzene and a method of preparation thereof. This is a versatile compound due to the presence of a large number of available halogen atoms. It can be used as a cross- linking agent in polymers or as a chemicals intermediate for producing other molecules.

Processes using metal bis-triflimide compounds

Process catalysed by fluoroalkylsulfonated compounds, preferably bis-triflimide compounds

OLIGOMERISATION

The application discloses novel processes for the oligomerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and more specifically the use of selected ionic liquids in the oligomerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which allows for selection of the oligomers formed.

Improved aqueous-based wellbore fluids

Conversion method

FRAGRANCE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING IONIC LIQUIDS

The present invention relates to a fragrance composition comprising ionic liquids for delayed evaporation of the perfume raw materials. The invention also relates to methods of use of the fragrance compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, particularly skin and hair.

New form of copper sulfide

Copper sulfide of the formula Cu ...

A METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O °C, and in which the anions are selected from sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and nitrate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 °C.

METHODS FOR MODIFYING CELLULOSIC POLYMERS IN IONIC LIQUIDS

Sulfation or sulfonation of cellulose and cellulose ethers is conducted in an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Detergent compositions containing the sulfated or sulfonated reaction product are suitable for fabric cleansing.

Improved aqueous-based wellbore fluids

Ionic liquids

BASIC IONIC LIQUIDS

Use of ionic liquids as solvents in base-catalysed chemical reactions wherein the ionic liquid is composed of at least one species of cation and at least one species of anion, characterised in that a cation of the ionic liquid comprises a positively charge moiety and a basic moiety, and further wherein such ionic liquids may be used as promoters or catalysts for the chemical reactions. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON BEI UMGEBUNGSTEMPERATUR FLÜSSIGEN IONISCHEN FLÜSSIGKEITEN

Process for recycling ionic liquids

Oligomerisation

Base stable ionic liquids

Oligomerisation Process

A process for the preparation of alpha-olefin oligomers comprises contacting an olefinic feedstock comprising C5-C20 alpha-olefin is with a liquid complex catalyst. The catalyst comprises: at least one metal halide salt of the formula MX3, wherein M is selected from aluminium and gallium, and each X is independently selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine; and at least one Lewis basic donor ligand containing a donor atom selected from oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic and selenium; wherein the molar ratio of the at least one metal halide salt to the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is in the range of 1:1-4:1. The at least one Lewis basic donor ligand may be selected from the group of compounds consisting of ketones, sulphoxides, phosphine-oxides, ureas, esters, amides, ethers, thioketones, thioureas, thioamides, thioethers, amines, nitriles and phosphines.

Improved aqueous-based wellbore fluids

The invention provides a wellbore fluid which comprises an aqueous continuous phase and, dissolved in said aqueous continuous phase, at least one salt which exists in a liquid state at a temperature below 150°C and which has an ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium cation containing at least 5 carbon atoms, or a quaternised nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cation containing at least 6 carbon atoms; provided that said salt is not 2- hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl ethanaminium acetate; and a method of carrying out a wellbore operation, which comprises introducing into a wellbore in a clay-containing formation, a wellbore fluid according to the invention. The described salts are effective shale inhibitors.

Alkylation process

IONIC LIQUIDS AS SOLVENTS

PURPOSE: A method of dissolving in an ionic liquid a metal in an initial oxidation state below its maximum oxidation state is provide. the methode is characterized in that the ionic liquid reacts with the metal and oxidizes it to a higher oxidation state. CONSTITUTION: An initial metal may be in the form of a compound and may be irradiated nuclear fuel comprising UO2 and/or PuO2 as well as fission products. The ionic liquid typically is nitrate-based, for example a pyridinium or substituted imidazolium nitrate, and contains a Bronstead or Franklin acid to increase the oxidizing power of the nitrate. Suitable acids are HNO3, H2SO4 and [NO<+>]. Imidazolium nitrates and certain pyridinium nitrates form one aspect of the invention. COPYRIGHT 2000 KIPO ...

Multiphase cleaning compositions having ionic liquid phase

A multiphase cleaning composition comprises a first phase and a second ionic liquid phase, wherein the second phase is substantially immiscible with the first phase. The first phase may comprise, for example, an aqueous phase or a silicone solvent system. Methods of cleaning a soiled surface comprise contacting a soiled surface with a multiphase wash liquor including a first phase and a second ionic liquid phase, wherein the second phase is substantially immiscible with the first phase, and removing soils from the surface.

Ionic Liquids

The present invention relates to a novel ionic liquid composition comprising a novel cation and process for making and using thereof. 2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:{'sup': 1a', '3a, 'sub': 1', '6, 'Rand Rare independently selected from C-Calkyl;'}{'sup': '2a', 'sub': 1', '6, 'Ris C-Calkyl;'}{'sup': 4a', '10, 'sub': 1', '20', '1', '20, 'Ris C-CalkoxyC-Calkyl substituted with —OR; and'}{'sup': '10', 'sub': 1', '6, 'Ris C-Calkyl.'}3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the cation is (N-ethyl-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N claim 2 ,N-dimethylethanaminium); 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-N-ethyl-N claim 2 ,N-dimethylethanaminium; or mixtures thereof.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:{'sup': 1a', '2a', '4a, 'R, Rand Rare hydrogen; and'}{'sup': 3a', '5a, 'sub': 1', '6, 'Rand Rare C-Calkyl.'}5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein that cation is N-benzyl-N claim 4 ,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium; N-benzyl-N claim 4 ,N-dimethylnonan-1-aminium; or mixtures thereof.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the anion has the formula (I):{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '3', '2', '−, 'sub': '3', '[R—O—C(O)—CH(SO)—R—C(O)—O—R]\u2003\u2003(I)'} {'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, mono or oligo-alkoxyalkyl and alkenyl; and'}, 'wherein{'sup': '3', 'Ris alkylene, heteroarylene, arylene, or cycloalkylene.'}7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein:{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare independently selected from alkyl having 5 or more carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms; and'}{'sup': '3', 'sub': 2', 'n, 'Ris —(CH)— wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 12.'}8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the anion is 1 claim 7 ,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1 claim 7 ,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate.10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the anion is 6-methyl-3 claim 9 ,4-dihydro-1 claim 9 ,2 claim 9 ,3-oxathiazin-4-one 2 claim 9 ,2-dioxide.11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the anion has the general formula (III):{'br': None, 'sup': 9', '9', '−, 'sub': 2', '2, '[R—SO—N—SO—R ...

Methods for modifying cellulosic polymers in ionic liquids

Sulfation or sulfonation of cellulose and cellulose ethers is conducted in an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Detergent compositions containing the sulfated or sulfonated reaction product are suitable for fabric cleansing.

Halogenation in ionic liquids

Process for the production of copper sulfide

A process for preparing a copper sulfide of the formula Cu

Conversion method

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 150° C., and in which the anions are selected from sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and nitrate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25° C.

IONIC LIQUID SYSTEMS

The present invention relates to an ionic liquid system for enhanced delivery and/or deposition of a perfume raw material onto a substrate, particularly fabric, hard surfaces, soft surfaces, skin, or hair. The invention also relates to consumer products comprising the new ionic liquid systems, and processes for making and methods of using such ionic liquid systems and consumer products. 1. An ionic liquid system comprising one or more ionic liquids , each comprising of a cation and an anion , wherein the conjugate acid of at least one of the anions is a perfume raw material with a pKfrom about 0 to about 14.3. The ionic liquid system according to claim 2 , wherein each of the cations is independently selected from the group consisting of: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium; (N-ethyl-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N claim 2 ,N-dimethylethanaminium); 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-N-ethyl-N claim 2 ,N-dimethylethanaminium; N-benzyl-N claim 2 ,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium; N-benzyl-N claim 2 ,N-dimethylnonan-1-aminium; and combinations thereof.4. The ionic liquid system according to claim 1 , wherein the conjugate acid of at least one of the anions is a perfume raw material having a c Log P value between about 0 to about 7.5. The ionic liquid system system according to claim 4 , wherein the conjugate acid of at least one of the anions is a perfume raw material selected from the group consisting of: benzoic acid; benzeneacetic acid; 4-methoxybenzoic acid; 2-propenoic acid claim 4 , 3-phenyl-(2E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid; benzenepropanoic acid; decanoic acid; octanoic acid; dodecanoic acid; 5-decenoic acid; 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 7-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-1-one; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid; 4H-pyran-4-one claim 4 , 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-; 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone; 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal; 3-methoxy-5-methylphenol; 4-chloro-3 claim 4 ,5-dimethylphenol; 5-methyl-2-(2-sulfanylpropan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-one; 4-(4- ...

AQUEOUS-BASED WELLBORE FLUIDS

The invention provides a wellbore fluid which comprises an aqueous continuous phase and, dissolved in said aqueous continuous phase, at least one salt which exists in a liquid state at a temperature below 150° C. and which has an ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium cation containing at least 5 carbon atoms, or a quaternised nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cation containing at least 6 carbon atoms; provided that said salt is not 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl ethanaminium acetate; and a method of carrying out a wellbore operation, which comprises introducing into a wellbore in a clay-containing formation, a wellbore fluid according to the invention. The described salts are effective shale inhibitors.

Ionic liquids

Conversion method

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O °C, and in which the anions are selected from sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and nitrate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 °C.

NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING

There is described a method for treating or reprocessing spent nuclear fuel to substantially separate fissile material from fission products which comprises dissolving the spent fuel or constituent parts of the spent fuel in an ionic liquid and in particular to recover uranium and/or plutonium. There is also described a novel crystal structure. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Processes for epimerizing cyclohexenyl ketones with subsequent aldol condensation to produce fragrance compounds

The present disclosure describes processes for the epimerization of a cyclohexene comprising the steps of providing to a reactor a first isomer of a 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone compound according to Formula I wherein R1 ad R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C4 alkyl; and epimerizing the first isomer of the 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone with a metal alkoxide base to form a second isomer of the 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone.

Conversion method

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 150° C., the cations in said ionic liquid having the general formula (I), in which Z represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R1 represents a methyl or ethyl group, each of R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, is selected from C4-3alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl, and C5-7 cycloalkyl, and R4 represents C1-8 alkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl or C5-7cyclohexyl; in which the optional substituents on a benzyl or phenyl ring are one, two or three substituents selected from C1-4alkyl or alkoxy groups, halogen atoms and nitro groups; and treating the resulting solvate or ...

AGRICULTURAL BALE ACCUMULATOR HAVING A LOAD BED EXTENSION MODULE

An agricultural bale accumulator (100) comprises a load bed extension module (102) including at least one extension table (104) pivotally connected to a side (124) of a load bed (113) by a hinge (122) and moveable relative to the load bed (113) between a stowed position and an unstowed, bale accumulating, position which is co-planar with a load bed (113) and adjacent to the side (124) of the load bed (113). An extension table support system (130) connected to a main frame (120) and/or the extension table (104). The extension table support system (130) contacts the extension table (104) at a location beyond the side (124) of the main frame (120) and contacts the main frame (120) and/or the ground surface (128) to directly support the extension table (104) from the main frame (120) and/or the ground surface (128), respectively, on and/or off a pivot axis (146) when the extension table (104) is in the unstowed position and when the load bed (113) pivots about the pivot axis (146) relative ...

ELEMENTAL SOLVENTS

Use of ionic liquids as solvents for elements such as phosphorus, selenium, tellurium and sulphur, and compounds thereof. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

Process for separating metals

LIGHT EMITTING COMPLEX SALTS

Complex salts, based on ionic liquids, which exhibit at least one light emitting property selected from (a) fluorescence, (b) phosphorescence, and (c) electroluminescence when in the solid state; and which have a melting point below 250°C. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Conversion method

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 150 DEG C, and in which the anions are selected from halide and cyanate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 DEG C.

PREPARATION OF POLYAMIDES

A process for making a polyamide polymer, said process comprising heating, in one or more ionic liquid(s), one or more polyamide precursor(s) selected from: (i) one or more free dicarboxylic acid(s) or ester(s) thereof, with one or more diamine(s); or (ii) one or more salt(s) of a dicarboxylic acid with a diamine; or (iii) one or more lactam(s); or (iv) mixtures of any of the foregoing precursors (i) to (iii).

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON BEI UMGEBUNGSTEMPERATUR FLÜSSIGEN IONISCHEN FLÜSSIGKEITEN

EXTRACTION PROCESS USING AN IONIC LIQUID

A process for the separation of an alcohol from a non-polar solvent; a ketone from a non-polar solvent; an alcohol from a mixture of a ketone and a non-polar solvent; or a mixture of an alcohol and a ketone from a non-polar solvent; said process comprising contacting at least one ionic liquid with a mixture comprising a non-polar solvent and at least one of an alcohol and a ketone. © KIPO & WIPO 2009 ...

VERWENDUNG VON METALLBISTRIFLIMIDE VERBINDUNGEN

Fragrance compositions comprising ionic liquids

The present invention relates to a fragrance composition comprising ionic liquids for enhanced evaporation of the perfume raw materials. The invention also relates to methods of use of the fragrance compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, particularly skin and hair.

LOW VISCOSITY IONIC LIQUIDS

Disclosed is an ionic liquid: 2. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein Ris —(CH)O[CH)O(CH)](CH)CHand wherein w is 1 or 2 claim 1 , y is 0 to 2 claim 1 , z is 0 to 2 and m is 0 or 1.3. The ionic liquid according to claim 2 , wherein Ris selected from —(CH)OMe or —(CH)O(CH)OMe.4. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein Ris methyl.5. The ionic liquid according to claim 4 , wherein n=2 and Ris H.6. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the cation is selected from;1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1 -methylazepanium;1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1-methylazepanium;1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1,3-dimethylpiperidinium; and1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-dimethylpiperidinium.7. The ionic liquid according to claim 6 , wherein the viscosity of the liquid is less than 300 cP at 25° C.8. The ionic liquid according to claim 7 , wherein the viscosity of the liquid is less than 150 cP at 25° C.9. The ionic liquid according to further comprising an anion X claim 8 , selected from:bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide; dicyanamide; hexahalophosphates;tetrahaloborates; halides; nitrates; sulfates; phosphates; carbonates; sulfonates;carboxylates and silicates.10. The ionic liquid according to claim 9 , wherein X is selected from bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide claim 9 , dicyanamide claim 9 , trifluoromethylsulphonate and trifluoroacetate.11. The ionic liquid according to claim 10 , wherein X is bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide.12. The ionic liquid according to selected from 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methyl-azepanium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide; 1-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)ethyl]-1-methyl-azepanium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide; 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1 claim 11 ,3-dimethylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide; and 1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1 claim 11 ,3-dimethylpiperidinium bis(trifluoro-methylsulphonyl)imide.13. An electrochemical device comprising an ionic liquid according to .14. The electrochemical device according to claim 13 , wherein said device is an ...

VERWENDUNG VON METALLBISTRIFLIMIDE VERBINDUNGEN

BASE STABLE IONIC LIQUIDS

The present invention relates to novel base stable ionic liquids and uses thereof as solvents in chemical reactions, especially base catalysed chemical reactions and reactions comprising the use of strong basis. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Preparation of polyamides

A process for making a polyamide polymer, said process comprising heating, in one or more ionic liquid(s), one or more polyamide precursor(s) selected from: (i) one or more free dicarboxylic acid(s) or ester(s) thereof, with one or more diamine(s); or (ii) one or more salt(s) of a dicarboxylic acid with a diamine; or (iii) one or more lactam(s); or (iv) mixtures of any of the foregoing precursors (i) to (iii).

METAL BIS-TRIFLIMIDE COMPOUNDS, THEIR SYNTHESIS AND THEIR USES

A metal bis-triflimde compound having the formula: [Mx]n+ [(N(SO2CF3)2)(nx-yz)](nx-yz)- [Ly]z- where M is a metal selected from the metals in groups 5 to 10, 12 and 14 to 16 and Cu, Au, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Y, La, Ac, Hf, Rf, Ga, In, Tl, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and the actinides; L is a negative or neutral ligand; n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; x is greater than or equal to 1; y is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; and z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Another aspect of the specification is a process for carrying out an electrophillic substitution reaction of an aromatic ring or an isomerisation, polymerisation or rearrangement to a chemical compound or molecule using said compound. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

PHOSPHONIUM PHOSPHINATE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR PREPARATION

Novel phosphonium phosphinate compounds and their methods of preparation are disclosed. Phosphonium salts are ionic liquids that are useful as polar solvents. The novel phosphonium phosphinate compounds have general formula (I), wherein R1, R 2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted or substituted; Y1is O or S; and Y2 is O or S. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

USE OF METAL BISTRIFLIMIDE COMPOUNDS

Metal bis-triflimide compounds and methods for synthesis of metal bis-triflimide compounds

A metal bis-triflimide compound having the formula: [M_x]ⁿ⁺[(N(SO₂CF₃)₂)_(nx-yz)]^(nx-yz)-[L_y]^z- where M is a metal selected from the metals in groups 5 to 10, 12 and 14 to 16 and Cu, Au, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Y, La, Ac, Hf, Rf, Ga, In, Tl, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and the actinides; L is a negative or neutral ligand; n is 2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8; x is greater than or equal to 1 y is 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8; and z is 0,1,2,3 or 4.

Oligomerisation process

A process is provided for the selective oligomerisation of C5 to C20 alpha-olefins to produce polyalphaolefin oligomers with a molecular weight distribution that is suitable for use in lubricant base oils.

Low viscosity ionic liquids

Disclosed is an ionic liquid: wherein: n is 1 or 2; R1 is selected from H and (C1-C6)alkyl; R2 is selected from (CH2)wO[(CH2)xO(CH2)y]m(CH2)zCH3 and wherein w is 1 to 6, x is 1 to 6, y is 0 to 6, z is 0 to 6, m is 0 to 3 and [w+m(x+y)+z] is less than or equal to 12; and R3 is selected from H and methyl, wherein if n is 1 then R3 is methyl, and if n is 2 then R3 is H. Also disclosed are electrochemical devices and devices employing such electrochemical devices as energy sources.

Fragrance Compositions Comprising Ionic Liquids

The present invention relates to a fragrance composition comprising ionic liquids for delayed evaporation of the perfume raw materials. The invention also relates to methods of use of the fragrance compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, particularly skin and hair. 1. A fragrance composition comprising:(a) from 0.001% to 99.9% by weight of the total fragrance composition of a perfume raw material, wherein the perfume raw material displays a negative deviation from Raoult's Law; and (i) an anion; and', '(ii) a cation;, '(b) from 0.01% to 99% by weight of the total fragrance composition of at least one ionic liquid comprisingwherein the ionic liquid is a liquid at temperatures lower than 100° C.2. The fragrance composition according to claim 1 , wherein the negative deviation from Raoult's Law is determined by the D2879:2010 Standard Test Method (“ASTM D2879 Isoteniscope Method”) or by the Gas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy Method as described herein.3. The fragrance composition according claim 1 , wherein the perfume raw material displays the negative deviation from Raoult's Law having an activity coefficient less than 1 at a mole fraction between 0.05 and 0.8 of the perfume raw material.4. The fragrance composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cation and the anion are essentially free of the following chemical elements: antimony claim 1 , barium claim 1 , beryllium claim 1 , bromine claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , fluorine claim 1 , iodine claim 1 , lead claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , selenium claim 1 , and thallium.5. The fragrance composition according claim 1 , wherein the perfume raw material comprises at least one highly volatile perfume raw material having a vapour pressure greater than 0.001 Torr (>0.00013 kPa) at 25° C.; and the highly volatile perfume raw material is present in an amount from 0.001 wt % to 99.9 wt % claim 1 , wherein the wt % is relative to the total weight of the perfume raw materials.6. The fragrance composition ...

IONIC LIQUID SYSTEMS

The present invention relates to an ionic liquid system comprising for enhanced delivery and/or deposition of a perfume raw material onto a substrate, particularly fabric, hard surfaces, soft surfaces, skin, or hair. The invention also relates to consumer products comprising the ionic liquid systems, and processes for making and methods of using such ionic liquid systems and consumer products. 1. An ionic liquid system comprising one or more ionic liquids , each comprising of a cation and an anion , wherein at least one of the cations is the conjugate acid of a perfume raw material which has a pKa from 0 to about 14 , preferably from about 7 to about 14 , or more preferably from about 8 to about 14.3. The ionic liquid system according to claim 2 , wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of: 1 claim 2 ,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1 claim 2 ,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate; 6-methyl-3 claim 2 ,4-dihydro-1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,3-oxathiazin-4-one 2 claim 2 ,2-dioxide; and combinations thereof.4. The ionic liquid according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the cations is the conjugate acid of a perfume raw material having a clogP value between 0 and about 7 claim 1 , preferably between 0 and about 3.5. The ionic liquid system according to claim 4 , wherein at least one of the cations is the conjugate acid of a perfume raw material selected from the group consisting of the materials in Table 1.6. The ionic liquid system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises two claim 1 , three claim 1 , four claim 1 , five or more ionic liquids.8. The ionic liquid system according to claim 7 , wherein the cations which are not conjugate acids of perfume raw materials are independently selected from the group consisting of: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium; (N-ethyl-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N claim 7 ,N-dimethylethanaminium); 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-N-ethyl-N claim 7 ,N-dimethylethanaminium; N-benzyl-N claim 7 ,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium; N-benzyl-N claim 7 ,N-dimethylnonan-1 -aminium; ...

IONIC LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM FUNCTIONALIZED ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

A novel class of ionic liquids and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Specifically, these novel ionic liquids can be derived from anionic surfactants, such as alkyl aryl sulfonates, and mid-chain branched derivatives of alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy sulfates, and alkyl aryl sulfonates. In addition, novel ionic liquids can be derived from other anionic surfactants, such as methyl ester sulfonates (MES), alkyl glycerol ether sulfonates, and alpha olefin sulfonates. Anions may be paired with a variety of cations to achieve various advantageous properties. The present invention also relates to compositions containing these novel ionic liquids and method of using the same.

CONVERSION METHOD

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis product. The process comprise admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprises solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 150° C., and in which the anions are selected from halide and cyanate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25° C. 1. A process for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products , the process comprisingadmixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, wherein the ionic liquid is a compound comprised solely of cations and anions, and is a liquid at a temperature of 150° C. or below, wherein the anions are selected from the group consisting of halide and cyanate;reacting the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25° C.; andconverting at least part of the resulting hydrolysis products into one or more alcohols.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ionic liquid is is capable of dissolving at least some of the cellulose.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acid has a pKa in water of 0 or less at 25° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen halides claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , halosulfonic acids claim 1 , tetrafluoroboric acid claim 1 , heteropolyacids claim 1 , aryl- and alkyl-sulfonic acids claim 1 , and halogenated alkyl- and arylsulfonic acids.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the acid is p-toluenesulfonic acid claim 4 , trifluoromethanesulfonic acid claim 4 , trichloromethanesulfonic acid claim 4 , hydrochloric acid claim 4 , hydrobromic acid claim 4 , hydriodic acid claim 4 , ...

Light emitting complex salts

Oligomerisation with indium (III) chloride

The application discloses novel processes for the oligomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and more specifically the use of selected ionic liquids containing Indium (III) Chloride in the oligomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which allows for selection of the oligomers formed.

Process for epimerising cyclohexenyl ketones and its application in Aldol condensation process

Processes for producing intermediate materials used for perfumery, specifically, epimerized cyclohexenyl ketones, are disclosed. Processes for employing the epimerising reaction in an Aldol condensation reaction are also disclosed.

CONVERSION METHOD

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O° C., the cations in said ionic liquid having the general formula (I), in which Z represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, Rrepresents a methyl or ethyl group, each of Rand R, which may be the same or different, is selected from Calkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl, and Ccycloalkyl, and Rrepresents Calkyl, optionally-substituted benzyl, optionally-substituted phenyl or Ccyclohexyl; in which the optional substituents on a benzyl or phenyl ring are one, two or three substituents selected from Calkyl or alkoxy groups, halogen atoms and nitro groups; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25° C. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , in which said ionic liquid is one in which the cellulose has at least some solubility.3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the acid has a pKa in water of 0 or less at 25° C.4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the acid is selected from hydrogen halides claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , halocarboxylic acids claim 1 , halosulfonic acids claim 1 , tetrafluoroboric acid claim 1 , heteropolyacids claim 1 , aryl- and alkyl-sulfonic acids claim 1 , and halogenated alkyl- and arylsulfonic acids.5. A process as claimed in claim 4 , in which the acid is p-toluenesulfonic acid claim 4 , trifluoromethanesulfonic acid claim 4 , trichloromethanesulfonic acid claim 4 , trifluoroacetic acid claim 4 , hydrochloric acid claim 4 , hydrobromic acid claim 4 , hydriodic acid claim 4 , tetrafluoroboric acid claim 4 , or sulfuric acid.6. A process as ...

Process for epimerising cyclohexenyl ketones and its application in aldol condensation process

Processes for producing intermediate materials used for perfumery, specifically, epimerized cyclohexenyl ketones, are disclosed. Processes for employing the epimerising reaction in an Aldol condensation reaction are also disclosed. The process for epimerizing a cyclohexenyl ketone comprises the step of reacting epimerizable cyclohexenyl ketone with a metal hydride, preferably a hydride of Group 1 or Group 2 metals, more preferably wherein the metal hydride is selected from the group consisting of LiH, NaH, KH, CaH2 and mixtures thereof.

Ionic liquids

The invention relates to an ionic liquid composition and a method for preparing the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid comprises a cation containing the Formula I, as herein disclosed, and wherein: n is 2, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, aryl or together with R 2 may form a heterocyclic ring, and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, aryl or together with R 1 may form a heterocyclic ring, and R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1 -C 12 alkyl, and wherein R 1 and R 2 are not simultaneously selected from hydrogen.

NITROUS OXIDE-CONTAINING IONIC LIQUIDS AS CHEMICAL REAGENTS

The invention relates to the use of an NO-containing ionic liquid as a reagent in a chemical reaction, for example as an oxidising agent. 127-. (canceled)28. A method for conducting a chemical reaction wherein an NO-containing ionic liquid is used as an oxidizing agent , and wherein the NO-containing ionic liquid is obtained via a reaction process comprising the steps:{'sub': '2', '(a) contacting a reactant with a reagent to produce a product and a mixture of by-products comprising NO; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) contacting the mixture of by-products with an ionic liquid to absorb the NO to produce an NO-containing ionic liquid.'}29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the reaction to obtain the NO-containing ionic liquid is an oxidation reaction claim 28 , the reagent in step (a) is an oxidizing agent and the product in step (a) is an oxidized product.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the oxidizing agent is nitric acid.31. The method of claim 29 , wherein the reactant in step (a) is selected from cyclohexanol claim 29 , cyclohexanone or a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone and the oxidized product is adipic acid.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the reactant in step (a) is produced by the hydrogenation of phenol.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the phenol is produced by the oxidation of benzene.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the use comprises oxidizing benzene to produce phenol.35. The method of claim 33 , wherein the use comprises the oxidative dehydrogenation of an alcohol to a ketone.36. The method of claim 33 , wherein the use comprises the oxidative dehydrogenation of butane to 1 claim 33 ,3-butadiene.37. The method of claim 33 , wherein the use comprises the oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol claim 33 , cyclohexanone or a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.38. The method of claim 33 , wherein the use comprises the oxidation of cyclododecene to cyclododecanone.39. The method of claim 28 , wherein the NO-containing ionic liquid ...

OLIGOMERISATION PROCESS

This invention relates to base oils for lubricating compositions. In particular, the present invention provides a process for the selective oligomerisation of C5 to C20 alpha-olefins to produce polyalphaolefin oligomers with a molecular weight distribution that is suitable for use in lubricant base oils. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein M represents aluminium.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one metal halide salt to the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is in the range of from 1:1 to 2:1.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of the metal halide salt to the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is from about 55:45 to about 65:35.5. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio of the metal halide salt to the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is about 3:2.6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims claim 4 , wherein X represents bromine or chlorine claim 4 , preferably chlorine.7. A process according to claim 6 , wherein MXrepresents AlCl.8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims claim 6 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from ligands containing a donor atom selected from oxygen claim 6 , sulphur claim 6 , nitrogen and phosphorus.9. A process according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from the group of compounds consisting of ketones claim 8 , sulfoxides claim 8 , phosphine-oxides claim 8 , ureas claim 8 , esters claim 8 , amides claim 8 , ethers claim 8 , thioketones claim 8 , thioureas claim 8 , thioamides claim 8 , thioethers claim 8 , amines claim 8 , nitriles and phosphines.10. A process according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from amides and ureas.11. A process according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from compounds having a formula selected from R—C(O)—R claim 9 , R—S(O)—R claim 9 ...

Oligomerisation process

This invention relates to base oils for lubricating compositions. In particular, the present invention provides a process for the selective oligomerisation of C 5 to C 20 alpha-olefins to produce polyalphaolefin oligomers with a molecular weight distribution that is suitable for use in lubricant base oils.

Fragrance Compositions Comprising Ionic Liquids

The present invention relates to a fragrance composition comprising ionic liquids for enhanced evaporation of the perfume raw materials. The invention also relates to methods of use of the fragrance compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, particularly skin and hair. 1. A fragrance composition comprising:(a) from 0.001% to 99.9% by weight of the total fragrance composition of a perfume raw material other than dimethyl benzyl carbonyl butyrate, wherein the perfume raw material displays a positive deviation from Raoult's Law; and (i) an anion; and', '(ii) a cation;, '(b) from 0.01% to 99% by weight of the total fragrance composition of at least one ionic liquid comprisingwherein the ionic liquid is a liquid at temperatures lower than 100° C., preferably at ambient temperature.2. The fragrance composition according to claim 1 , wherein the positive deviation from Raoult's Law is determined by the D2879:2010 Standard Test Method (“ASTM D2879 Isoteniscope Method”) or the Infrared Gas-Phase Spectroscopy as described herein.3. The fragrance composition according to claim 1 , wherein the perfume raw material displays the positive deviation from Raoult's Law having an activity coefficient (γ) greater than 1 at a mole fraction between 0.05 to 0.8 of the perfume raw material claim 1 , preferably at the mole fraction between 0.05 to 0.2 claim 1 , or preferably at the mole fraction between 0.2 to 0.4 claim 1 , or preferably at the mole fraction between 0.4 to 0.6 claim 1 , or preferably at the mole fraction between 0.6 to 0.8 of the perfume raw material.4. The fragrance composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cation and anion are essentially free of the following chemical elements: antimony claim 1 , barium claim 1 , beryllium claim 1 , bromine claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , fluorine claim 1 , iodine claim 1 , lead claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , selenium claim 1 , and thallium.5. The fragrance composition according to claim 1 , wherein the perfume raw ...

Fragrance compositions comprising ionic liquids

The present invention relates to a fragrance composition comprising ionic liquids for enhanced evaporation of the perfume raw materials. The invention also relates to methods of use of the fragrance compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, particularly skin and hair.

Ionic liquids

This invention relates to an ionic liquid comprising a dialkyl substituted imidazolium halide wherein at least one of the said alkyl substituents has 6 or more carbon atoms, a method of preparation of such imidazolium halides, and the use thereof for hydrocarbon conversion reactions such as oligomerization or polymerization of olefins and for the alkylation of paraffins, isoparaffins or aromatics with olefins. Polymerization of C4 raffinates using these ionic liquids as catalysts enables a much higher percentage of n-butenes to be incorporated in the product polymer than would be possible in conventional cationic polymerization processes.

Ionic liquids

This invention relates to an ionic liquid comprising a ternary melt of (a) a compound of the formula: RnMX3-n wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl radical, M is aluminium or gallium, X is a halogen atom and n is 0, 1, or 2; (b) at least one of a hydrocarbyl substituted imidazolium halide and a hydrocarbyl substituted pyridinium halide; and (c) at least one of a hydrocarbyl substituted quaternary ammonium and a hydrocarbyl substituted phosphonium halide. These ionic liquids can be used as catalysts for the oligomerization or polymerization of olefins and also for the alkylation of paraffins, isoparaffins and aromatics with olefins.

Ionic liquid, process of its preparation and conversion method of olefinic hydrocarbons

This invention relates to an ionic liquid comprising a dialkyl substituted imidazolium halide wherein at least one of the said alkyl substituents has 6 or more carbon atoms, a method of preparation of such imidazolium halides, and the use thereof for hydrocarbon conversion reactions such as oligomerization or polymerization of olefins and for the alkylation of paraffins, isoparaffins or aromatics with olefins. Polymerization of C4 raffinates using these ionic liquids as catalysts enables a much higher percentage of n-butenes to be incorporated in the product polymer than would be possible in conventional cationic polymerization processes.

Ionic liquids and uses thereof

The invention provides a water in oil or oil in water emulsion which comprises a (i) an oil phase, (ii) an aqueous phase and (iii) an ionic liquid surfactant wherein the ionic liquid surfactant is a salt of general formula (I): C+ A- (I) the salt of general formula (I) existing in a liquid state at a temperature below 15O0C; at least one of the cation, C+, and anion, A-, comprising a hydrophobic tail group attached to an ionic head group; and A- represents an anion containing phosphorus, or an alkyl sulfate anion of general formula: ROSO 3 - wherein R is an alkyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms. Various novel ionic liquid salts in which at least one of the cation and anion comprises a hydrophobic tail group attached to an ionic head group, are also provided by the invention.

Lubricating oil compositions and uses

A non-aqueous lubricating oil composition comprises a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of an additive which is present in solution in the base oil and is a non- halide, non-aromatic ionic liquid which is a salt of general formula C+A-, with the cation, C+, being a quaternary phosphonium or quaternary ammonium ion having four hydrocarbyl groups, optionally containing heteroatoms, which hydrocarbyl groups do not all have the same number of carbon atoms, there being at least one long chain hydrocarbyl group having greater than 4 carbon atoms and at least one short chain hydrocarbyl group having fewer carbon atoms than each of the long chain hydrocarbyl groups, and the anion, A-, comprising at least one oxygen atom and having an ionic head group attached to at least one alkyl or alicyclic hydrocarbyl group which has at least four carbon atoms and optionally at least one heteroatom. The ionic liquid may be used as an anti-wear component in a lubricating oil composition. The ionic liquid may be used as a friction modifier in the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition may be used in an ignition engine.

Extraction process using an ionic liquid

A process for the separation of an alcohol from a non-polar solvent; a ketone from a non-polar solvent; an alcohol from a mixture of a ketone and a non-polar solvent; or a mixture of an alcohol and a ketone from a non-polar solvent; said process comprising contacting at least one ionic liquid with a mixture comprising a non-polar solvent and at least one of an alcohol and a ketone.

Process catalysed by fluoroalkylsulfonated compounds, preferably bis-triflimide compounds

A process for carrying out a chemical reaction which is catalysed by one or more metal or hydrogen fluoroalkylsulfonylated compound which process comprises carrying out said reaction in the presence of an ionic liquid or i n solvent-free conditions.

Catalyst comprising indium salt and organic ionic liquid and process for friedel-crafts reactions

Disclosed is a catalyst composition based on an indium salt and an organic ionic liquid, a process for making the catalyst composition, and uses thereof. The catalyst composition is particularly suitable for Lewis acid catalysed electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions an Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions.

Ionic liquids and uses thereof

The invention provides a water in oil or oil in water emulsion which comprises a (i) an oil phase, (ii) an aqueous phase and (iii) an ionic liquid surfactant wherein the ionic liquid surfactant is a salt of general formula (I): C+ A- (I) the salt of general formula (I) existing in a liquid state at a temperature below 15O0C; at least one of the cation, C+, and anion, A-, comprising a hydrophobic tail group attached to an ionic head group; and A- represents an anion containing phosphorus, or an alkyl sulfate anion of general formula: ROSO 3 - wherein R is an alkyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms. Various novel ionic liquid salts in which at least one of the cation and anion comprises a hydrophobic tail group attached to an ionic head group, are also provided by the invention.

Ionic liquids as solvents

A method of dissolving in an ionic liquid a metal in an initial oxidation state below its maximum oxidation state, characterized in that the ionic liquid reacts with the metal and oxidizes it to a higher oxidation state. The initial metal may be in the form of a compound thereof and may be irradiated nuclear fuel comprising UO 2 and/or PuO 2 as well as fission products. The ionic liquid typically is nitrate-based, for example a pyridinium or substituted imidazolium nitrate, and contains a Bronstead or Franklin acid to increase the oxidizing power of the nitrate. Suitable acids are HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 and [NO + ]. Imidazolium nitrates and certain pyridinium nitrates form one aspect of the invention.

Oligomerisation

The application discloses novel processes for the oligomerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and more specifically the use of selected ionic liquids in the oligomerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which allows for selection of the oligomers formed.

Conversion method

A PROCESS IS DESCRIBED FOR THE PREPARATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS. THE PROCESS COMPRISES ADMIXING CELLULOSE WITH AN IONIC LIQUID CAPABLE OF SOLVATING OR DISSOLVING AT LEAST SOME OF THE CELLULOSE, SAID IONIC LIQUID BEING A COMPOUND COMPRISED SOLELY OF CATIONS AND ANIONS AND WHICH EXISTS IN A LIQUID THE STATE AT A TEMPERATURE AT OR BELOW 150ºC. AND IN WHICH THE ANIONS ARE SELECTED FROM HALIDE AND CYANATE ; AND TREATING THE RESULTING SOLVATE OR SOLUTION WITH AN ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER, SAID ACID HAVING A PKA IN WATER OF LESS THAN 2 AT 25 ºC.

Methods for modifying cellulosic polymers in ionic liquids

Sulfation or sulfonation of cellulose and cellulose ethers is conducted in an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Detergent compositions containing the sulfated or sulfonated reaction product are suitable for fabric cleansing.

Separation of gases

Method of preparing water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products using ionic liquids

A process for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products is disclosed, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 150 Deg. C, the cations in said ionic liquid having the general formula (I); and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 Deg. C, wherein said acid may be selected from hydrogen halides, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, halo carboxylic acids, halo sulfonic acids, tetrafluoroboric acid, heteropolyacids, aryl- and alkyl-sulfonic acids, and halogenated alkyl- and arylsulfonic acids, preferably the acid may be selected from p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trichloromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacctic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanesulfonic acid, or hydrochloric acid.

Conversion method

A PROCESS IS DESCRIBED FOR THE PREPARATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS THE PROCESS COMPRISES ADMIXING CELLULOSE WITH AN IONIC LIQUID CAPABLE OF SOLVATING OR DISSOLVING AT LEAST SOME OF THE CELLULOSE, SAID IONIC LIQUID BEING A COMPOUND COMPRISED SOLELY OF CATIONS AND ANIONS AND WHICH EXISTS IN A LIQUID STATE AT A TEMPERATURE AT OR BELOW 150 °C, AND IN WHICH THE ANIONS ARE SELECTED FROM SULFATE, HYDROGEN SULFATE AND NITRATE; AND TREATING THE RESULTING SOLVATE OR SOLUTION WITH AN ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER, SAID ACID HAVING A PKA IN WATER OF LESS THAN 2 AT 25 °C.

Ionic liquids.

Esta invencion se relaciona con un líquido ionico que comprende un haluro de imidazolio dialquilsustituido en donde al menos uno de dichos sustituyentes alquilo tiene 6 o más átomos de carbono, con un método de preparacion de tales haluros de imidazolio y con el uso de los mismos para reacciones de conversion de hidrocarburos, tales como oligomerizacion o polimerizacion de olefinas y para la alquilacion de parafinas, isoparafinas o compuestos aromáticos con olefinas. La polimerizacion de refinados C4 usando estos líquidos ionicos como catalizadores, permite incorporar un porcentaje mucho mayor de n-butenos en el polímero producto en comparacion con el porcentaje que sería posible en procesos convencionales de polimerizacion cationica.

Oxidation of metal (oxo)halides

This invention relates to a process for producing simple or complex metal oxide(s) or oxohalide(s) by oxidising at ambient temperature an oxohalide and/or a halide of one or more metals using an iodosoaromatic compound as the oxidising agent. Iodosobenzene, dimethyliodosobenzene and pentafluoroiodosobenzene are suitable oxidising agents. This method allows protective coatings of metal oxides to be deposited on temperature sensitive substrates.

Oligomerisation process

Improved aqueous-based wellbore fluids

THE INVENTION PROVIDES A WELIBORE FLUID WHICH COMPRISES AN AQUEOUS CONTINUOUS PHASE AND, DISSOLVED IN SAID AQUEOUS CONTINUOUS PHASE, AT LEAST ONE SALT CONTAINING AN IMIDAZOLIUM CATION HAVING AT LEAST 6 CARBON ATOMS, AND A METHOD OF CARRYING OUT A WELIBORE OPERATION, WHICH COMPRISES INTRODUCING INTO A WEILBORE IN A CLAY-CONTAINING FORMATION, A WELLBORE FLUID ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION. THE DESCRIBED SALTS ARE EFFECTIVE SHALE INHIBITORS.

New form of copper sulfide

Copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values, wherein (i) the copper sulfide has a sulfur 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 162.3 eV (± 1ev), 163.8 eV (± 1ev) and 68.5 eV (± 1ev), characterised in that the peak at 168.5 eV has a lower value of counts per second (CPS) than both the peak at 162.3 eV and the peak at 163.8 eV; and (ii) the copper sulfide has a copper 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 932.0 eV (± 2ev) and 933.6 eV (± 3eV) and characterised in that the XPS spectrum does not comprise identifiable satellite peaks at 939.8 eV and 943.1 eV (± 3eV).

Catalyst comprising indium salt and organic ionic liquid and process for friedel-crafts reactions

Disclosed is a catalyst composition based on an indium salt and an organic ionic liquid, a process for making the catalyst composition, and uses thereof. The catalyst composition is particularly suitable for Lewis acid catalysed electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions an Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions.

Improved water-based well drilling fluids

Catalysts for reduction of nitro compounds to amines using hydrogen sulphide

Imidazole carbenes

A process for the preparation of imidazolium carbenes of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 which can be the same or different, are hydrogen or linear or branched hydrocarbyl groups comprising heating an imidazolium halide with a strong base under reduced pressure and separating the resultant products is described. Also described is a process for the preparation of salts of these imidazolium carbenes, and their use as ionic liquids.

Conversion method

A process for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid in which the cellulose has at least some sollubility, said ionic liquid state at a temperature at or below 150 -C, and treating the resulting solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 -C.

Process for the preparation of derivatives of fatty acids

The preparation of a mixture comprising branched fatty acids and oligomerised fatty acids comprises contacting a source of unsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives with an ionic liquid.

Process for the production of copper sulfide

A process for preparing a copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein the process comprises the following steps: (i) contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid stream with a sorbent comprising copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values; and (ii) separating a fluid product from the sorbent, wherein the fluid product has a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid stream; wherein the copper sulfide is obtained or obtainable by a process comprising the following steps: (a) reacting an aqueous solution of a copper salt with a molar excess of a sulfiding agent so as to precipitate copper sulfide from the solution; (b) isolating the copper sulfide precipitate from the reaction mixture; and (c) drying the copper sulfide precipitate at a temperature of less than 100?C.

IMIDAZOLCARBENE

Synthesis method using ionic liquids

Electrosynthesis of organic compounds

Disclosed is a process for the electrochemical transformation of a compound to form a product, the process comprising (i) effecting the transformation in the presence of an electrolyte comprising at least one room temperature ionic liquid, wherein the ionic liquid is air-stable and moisture-stable, (ii) recovering the product, and optionally (iii) recovering the ionic liquid. The process can be used to effect the electrochemical transformation of a wide range of organic compounds.

Methods for modifying cellulosic polymers in ionic liquids

Sulfation or sulfonation of cellulose and cellulose ethers is conducted in an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Detergent compositions containing the sulfated or sulfonated reaction product are suitable for fabric cleansing.

Conversion method

A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 15O° C., and in which the anions are selected from sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and nitrate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25° C.

Fragrance compositions comprising ionic liquids

The present invention relates to a fragrance composition comprising ionic liquids for delayed evaporation of the perfume raw materials. The invention also relates to methods of use of the fragrance compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, particularly skin and hair.

Verwendung von metallbistriflimide verbindungen

Processes for Epimerizing Cyclohexenyl Ketones with Subsequent Aldol Condensation to Produce Fragrance Compounds

The present disclosure describes processes for the epimerization of a cyclohexene comprising the steps of providing to a reactor a first isomer of a 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone compound according to Formula I wherein R 1 ad R 2 are each independently C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C 1 -C 4 alkyl; and epimerizing the first isomer of the 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone with a metal alkoxide base to form a second isomer of the 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone.

Verfahren zur herstellung von bei umgebungstemperatur flüssigen ionischen flüssigkeiten

Low viscosity ionic liquids

Disclosed is an ionic liquid formula (I): wherein: n is 1 or 2; R 1 is selected from H and (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; R 2 is selected from -(CH 2 ) w O[(CH 2 ) x O(CH 2 )y] m (CH 2 )zCH 3 and wherein w is 1 to 6, x is 1 to 6, y is 0 to 6, z is 0 to 6, m is 0 to 3 and [w + m(x + y) + z] is less than or equal to 12; and R 3 is selected from H and methyl, wherein if n is 1 then R 3 is methyl, and if n is 2 then R 3 is H. Also disclosed are electrochemical devices and devices employing such electrochemical devices as energy sources.

Imidazolcarbene

Ionic liquids derived from surfactants

A novel class of ionic liquids and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Specifically, these novel ionic liquids can be derived from surfactants, such as betaines, amine oxides. The present invention also relates to compositions containing these novel ionic liquids and method of using the same.

Ionic liquids with a cation comprising a basic moiety

Use of ionic liquids as solvents in base-catalysed chemical reactions wherein the ionic liquid is composed of at least one species of cation and at least one species of anion, characterised in that a cation of the ionic liquid comprises a positively charge moiety and a basic moiety, and further wherein such ionic liquids may be used as promoters or catalysts for the chemical reactions.

Low viscosity ionic liquids

Disclosed is an ionic liquid formula (I): wherein: n is 1 or 2; R 1 is selected from H and (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; R 2 is selected from -(CH 2 ) w O[(CH 2 ) x O(CH 2 )y] m (CH 2 )zCH 3 and wherein w is 1 to 6, x is 1 to 6, y is 0 to 6, z is 0 to 6, m is 0 to 3 and [w + m(x + y) + z] is less than or equal to 12; and R 3 is selected from H and methyl, wherein if n is 1 then R 3 is methyl, and if n is 2 then R 3 is H. Also disclosed are electrochemical devices and devices employing such electrochemical devices as energy sources.

Low viscosity ionic liquids

Ionic liquids derived from surfactants

A novel class of ionic liquids and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Specifically, these novel ionic liquids can be derived from surfactants, such as betaines, amine oxides. The present invention also relates to compositions containing these novel ionic liquids and method of using the same.

Dyeing process in ionic liquid solvents

The invention relates to methods of dyeing fibres, such as those in textiles, using a solution comprising of a dye and an ionic liquid; and to dyed textiles obtained from such methods.

Reactions of isotopically enriched elements of phosphorus, sulfur, selenium and tellurium

Reactions of isotopically enriched samples of elements selected from phosphorus, sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium involving the addition of atoms of the isotope to organic or inorganic molecules comprising use of an ionic liquid as a reaction medium.

Reactions of group 16 elements

Reactions of Group 16 elements involving the addition of atoms such as sulfur, selenium or tellurium to organic or inorganic molecules comprising use of an ionic liquid as a reaction medium.

Ionic liquids

New form of copper sulphide

Copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values, wherein (i) the copper sulfide has a sulfur 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 162.3 eV (? 1ev), 163.8 eV (? 1ev) and 168.5 eV (? 1ev), characterised in that the peak at 168.5 eV has a lower value of counts per second (CPS) than both the peak at 162.3 eV and the peak at 163.8 eV; and (ii) the copper sulfide has a copper 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 932.0 eV (? 2ev) and 933.6 eV (? 3eV) and characterised in that the XPS spectrum does not comprise identifiable satellite peaks at 939.8 eV and 943.1 eV (? 3eV).

Elemental solvents

Use of ionic liquids as solvents for elements such as phosphorus, selenium, tellurium and sulphur, and compounds thereof.

Elemental solvents

Use of ionic liquids as solvents for elements such as phosphorus, selenium, tellurium and sulphur, and compounds thereof.

Process for conducting an organic reaction in ionic liquids

The present disclosure describes processes for producing cyclohexenes using Lewis acidic ionic liquids comprising the steps of providing to a reactor an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl dienophile, providing to the reactor a 1,3-diene, providing a Lewis acidic ionic liquid to the reactor; and reacting the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl dienophile with 1,3-diene to form a substituted cyclohexene product. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl dienophile can be mesityl oxide, the 1,3-diene can be piperylene; and the Lewis acidic ionic liquid can be AlCl 3 :[C 2 mim]Cl; AlCl 3 :[C 8 mim]Cl; or mixtures thereof.

Synthesis method using ionic liquids

The disclosures herein provide a process for conducting a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction in an ionic liquid and forming a polymeric material.

Reactions of isotopically enriched elements of phosphorus, sulfur, selenium and tellurium

Reactions of isotopically enriched samples of elements selected from phosphorus, sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium involving the addition of atoms of the isotope to organic or inorganic molecules comprising use of an ionic liquid as a reaction medium.

Processes for epimerizing cyclohexenyl ketones with subsequent aldol condensation to produce fragrance compounds

The present disclosure describes processes for the epimerization of a cyclohexene comprising the steps of providing to a reactor a first isomer of a 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone compound according to Formula I I wherein R1 ad R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C4 alkyl; and epimerizing the first isomer of the 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone with a metal alkoxide base to form a second isomer of the 1-(2-alkyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-alkanone.

Production of bio-diesel

Use of ionic liquids in the production of bio-diesel, wherein the ionic liquid is both a solvent and catalyst, and is stable under reaction conditions.

Process for separating metals

A method for separating a metal from a composition including the metal involves forming an electrolytic cell in which the anode comprises a composition including the metal. The electrolyte is an ionic liquid. A sufficient potential difference is applied between the anode and the cathode to cause the metal to transfer from the anode to the cathode and to be deposited thereon.