СПОСОБ ОЧИЩЕНИЯ ЛИГНИНА

Изобретение направлено на способ получения очищенной соли лигнина из щелочного отработанного щелока от химической варки лигноцеллюлозных сырьевых материалов. Способ включает стадии уменьшения значения рН отработанного щелока с формированием суспензии осажденного лигнина, фильтрования осажденного лигнина с формированием фильтровального осадка, содержащего лигнин, и фильтрата, примешивания фильтровального осадка, содержащего лигнин, к разбавляющей жидкости для формирования коллоида агломерата щелочного лигнина, проведения для коллоида агломерата щелочного лигнина крупнопористого мембранного фильтрования, и извлечения концентрата очищенной соли лигнина. Изобретение позволяет избежать использования мелкопористых ультрафильтрационных мембран и всех связанных с ними затруднений, отделить относительно чистый лигниновый продукт в результате удерживания агломератов лигнина на крупнопористой мембране и допущения прохождения насквозь низкомолекулярных органических и неорганических компонентов и тем ...

ГИДРОЛИЗ И ФРАКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ БИОМАССЫ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к гидролизной промышленности и предназначено для отделения сахаров гемицеллюлозы от других компонентов биомассы. Способ предусматривает подачу твердой исходной биомассы или твердой частично фракционированной лигноцеллюлозной биомассы в по крайней мере один проточный реактор непрерывного действия со сжимающимся слоем. В реактор вводят разбавленную кислоту с рН 1-5. В нем осуществляют основную стадию процесса гидролиза при 140-220oС в течение 10-60 мин при объемной скорости потока кислоты 1 - 50 объемов реактора для поддержания постоянного соотношения твердой и жидкой фаз в ходе процесса для увеличения выхода сахаров гемицеллюлозы. Для гидролиза используют различные минеральные кислоты, в частности угольную кислоту. При необходимости проводят дополнительные стадии гидролиза. Используют реактор конической или цилиндрической формы или ряд реакторов с последовательно уменьшающейся емкостью, в которых перемещают биомассу из реактора большей емкости в реактор меньшей емкости ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКИСЛЕННЫХ ЛИГНИНОВ

Изобретение относится к применению окисленных лигнинов в качестве компонента в композиции связующего, такой как водная композиция связующего для минеральных волокон. Применение окисленного лигнина, полученного способом получения окисленных лигнинов, включает приведение в контакт компонента (i), включающего один или несколько лигнинов, компонента (ii), включающего аммиак и/или его соль, компонента (iii), включающего один или несколько окислителей в форме пероксида водорода, органических или неорганических пероксидов, молекулярного кислорода, озона, галогенсодержащих окислителей или их любой смеси, в качестве компонента в водной композиции связующего для минеральных волокон. Технический результат изобретения заключается в получении дериватизированных лигнинов заявленным способом, которые имеют желательную реактивность и в то же время являются более огнестойкими при использовании в продуктах, в которые они входят в композиции связующего по сравнению с недериватизированными лигнинами, а также ...

СПОСОБ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДРЕВЕСНОГО ВОЛОКНА

Волокно модифицированной древесины, обработанной ангидридом уксусной кислоты, пригодное для изготовления древесных продуктов, которое имеет влагосодержание от приблизительно 5 до приблизительно 8,5 мас.%. 2 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 2 табл.

СПОСОБ АЦЕТИЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЕРЕВЯННЫХ ДЕТАЛЕЙ

Изобретения могут быть использованы в области строительства. Способ ацетилирования элементов из древесины, включает стадии, где элементы (а)обрабатывают уксусным ангидридом при температуре 30-190°C при давлении от атмосферного до 15 бар изб. до 80 минут и затем (b) нагревают в инертном газе, который может быть смешан с уксусным ангидридом или смесью уксусного ангидрида и уксусной кислоты при температуре 130-145°C или 150-190°C при давлении 1-5 бар изб. в течение 5-300 минут. Полученные элементы из ацетилированной древесины в смеси с синтетической смолой в качестве связующего составляют композитный продукт из древесины. Изобретения позволяют получить композиты на основе древесины с длительным сроком службы, с повышенной атмосферостойкостью, с повышенной механической прочностью, обладающие гладкой поверхностью после смачивания или грунтовки. 2 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 10 табл., 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МИКРОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения микроцеллюлозы, включающемуa) подкисление волокнистого целлюлозного материала минеральной кислотой, b) промывку подкисленного целлюлозного материала водой, c) необязательно обезвоживание промытого целлюлозного материала и d) гидролиз промытого или промытого и обезвоженного целлюлозного материала в кислых условиях при температуре от 120°C до 185°C и консистенции, составляющей от 8 до 60 мас.% сухого вещества целлюлозы. Способом по изобретению получают микроцеллюлозу высокого качества с узким гранулометрическим распределением частиц из волокнистого целлюлозного материала. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЙ СПОСОБ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ЛИГНИНА

Высокотемпературный способ отделения лигнина применяется при конверсии целлюлозы и сахаров из биомассы в другие органические соединения. Способ отделения лигнина от водной смеси, имеющей значение pH больше 3,5, включает стадии: a) нагревания смеси до температуры больше, чем критическая температура, в диапазоне от 45С до 98С, b) отделения твердого вещества лигнина от смеси при температуре отделения, которая равна критической температуре или превышает ее. Смесь получают из исходного сырья на основе биомассы, а стадии нагревания смеси предшествует стадия обработки водяным паром, проводимая для исходного сырья на основе биомассы. Обеспечивается эффективное отделение лигнина от водной смеси, полученной в ходе способа конверсии биомассы в спирт. 11 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл.

ПРОЗРАЧНАЯ ДРЕВЕСИНА И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Группа изобретений относится к деревообрабатывающей промышленности, в частности к получению прозрачной древесины. Прозрачная древесина содержит древесный субстрат и по меньшей мере один полимер. Прозрачная древесина имеет оптический коэффициент пропускания по меньшей мере 60% при длине волны в электромагнитном спектре в диапазоне от 400 до 1000 нм. Древесный субстрат содержит более чем 15% лигнина, измеренного как лигнин Класона. В древесный субстрат добавляют отбеливающую жидкость для того, чтобы инактивировать хромофоры в древесном субстрате. Пропитывают отбеленный древесный субстрат раствором, содержащим преполимеры или мономеры или их комбинации. Выполняют полимеризацию пропитывающих преполимеров или мономеров или их комбинации с получением прозрачной древесины. Повышается коэффициент пропускания и экологическая безопасность получения прозрачной древесины. 3 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил., 2 табл.

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ КОМПОНЕНТОВ РАСТЕНИЯ ОДУВАНЧИК

Изобретение относится к способу обработки компонентов растения одуванчик. Предложенный способ обработки высушенных корней одуванчика (10) вида Taraxacum kok-saghyz, в котором достигается получение каучука в качестве первого ценного продукта, предусматривает измельчение и/или отжим корней одуванчика (10) с добавлением воды (30) с образованием суспензии (60). Корни одуванчика (10), имеющие средний диаметр от 2 до 10 мм, суспендированы в воде. Измельчение корней одуванчика (10) включает по меньшей мере одно предварительное измельчение (20) и растирание и/или раздавливание (50). При растирании и/или раздавливании (50) и/или при предварительном измельчении (20) добавляют воду (30) с нейтральным pH или кислотным pH в количестве от 5 до 20 частей в расчете на массу компонентов растения. Воду добавляют до или после предварительного измельчения (20) компонентов растения одуванчик (10) и выжимают перед растиранием и/или раздавливанием и перед первым разделением при температуре ниже 40 °C с получением ...

РЕАКЦИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО ИЗДЕЛИЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения лигноцеллюлозного композитного изделия. Описан способ получения лигноцеллюлозного композитного изделия, включающий нанесения добавки, препятствующей маскированию, на лигноцеллюлозный композитный субстрат, полученный в результате его обработки полифункциональной изоцианатной композицией, которая имеет свободные изоцианатные группы, и/или на поверхность прессования, причем препятствующая маскированию добавка содержит более чем приблизительно 50 мас.% от общей массы добавки, препятствующей маскированию, алкоксилата жирного амина, имеющего свободные гидроксильные группы; и приложения давления к лигноцеллюлозному композитному субстрату при использовании поверхности прессования. Также описана препятствующая маскированию композиция, охарактеризованная выше, для нанесения на поверхность прессования аппарата для получения композитных лигноцеллюлозных изделий, где композиция, препятствующая маскированию, содержит жидкий носитель, выбранный из группы ...

СПОСОБЫ ОБРАБОТКИ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способам обработки лигноцеллюлозного материала для получения сахаров и может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Предложен способ рафинирования водного потока сахаров лигноцеллюлозного гидролизата, содержащий приведение водного потока сахаров в контакт с аминовым экстрагентом-растворителем для образования смеси; отделение от смеси первого органического потока, содержащего аминовый экстрагент-растворитель, минеральную кислоту, органическую кислоту и примесь; и второго водного потока, содержащего один или несколько сахаров; приведение первого потока в контакт с раствором основания с образованием нейтрализованного аминового экстрагента, причем аминовый экстрагент-растворитель содержит амин, содержащий по меньшей мере 20 атомов углерода, и разбавитель. Предложен новый эффективный способ рафинирования сахаров из лигноцеллюлозного гидролизата. 16 з.п. ф-лы, 19 пр., 17 табл., 43 ил.

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к области биотехнологии, а именно к переработке биомассы. Предложен способ повышения доступности углеводов, содержащихся в исходном материале биомассы. Путем нарезания, растирания, раздавливания, дробления или рубки уменьшают размер исходного материала биомассы, содержащего полисахариды, выбранные из целлюлозы, пектина, гемицеллюлозы и их смесей. Получают исходную биомассу, содержащую менее 5% воды. Облучают исходную биомассу электронным пучком при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт с получением первого обработанного материала биомассы. Охлаждают и снова облучают первый обработанный материал биомассы пучком электронов при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт. Получают второй обработанный материал биомассы со среднечисленной молекулярной массой от 3000 до 50000 Дальтон и увеличенной доступностью углеводов. Изобретение позволяет получать материал, имеющий доступность питательных элементов, превышающую доступность питательных ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ ПОПЕРЕЧНО - СШИТОЙ КРАФТ-ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ И СПОСОБ

Целлюлозные массы в соответствии с определенными вариантами осуществления содержат волокна поперечно-сшитой целлюлозы и имеют высокую степень белизны, химическую активность и собственную вязкость, и по этой причине могут быть хорошо пригодными для использования в качестве предшественников при получении малоокрашенных, имеющих высокую вязкость производных целлюлозы. Способ получения целлюлозной массы включает формирование целлюлозной массы из целлюлозных исходных материалов; отбеливание целлюлозной массы; поперечную сшивку волокон целлюлозы в целлюлозной массе с использованием для поперечной сшивки полиэпоксидного агента в то время, как целлюлозная масса имеет консистентность, равную или большую чем 12%; и сушку целлюлозной массы после отбеливания целлюлозной массы и после поперечной сшивки волокон целлюлозы, при этом высушенная целлюлозная масса имеет вязкость получаемой в результате карбоксиметилцеллюлозы, равную или большую чем 60 сП. Поперечная сшивка волокон целлюлозы может включать ...

ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫЕ И ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫЕ СТРУКТУРНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И СПОСОБЫ, И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ТАКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Способы обработки древесины и продуктов из древесины включают облучение древесины, имеющей первую молекулярную массу, ионизирующим излучением, чтобы обеспечить увеличение молекулярной массы целлюлозного компонента древесины до второй относительно более высокой молекулярной массы, введение в облученную древесину жидкости, включающей лигнин, с получением комбинации древесина/лигнин, и облучение комбинации древесина/лигнин с получением древесины, включающей сшитый лигнин. 2 н. и 32 з.п. ф-лы, 16 ил., 7 табл.

СПОСОБ ГИДРОЛИЗА СМЕШАННОЙ БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к пищевой промышленности. Предложен способ гидролиза смешанной биомассы, который включает предоставление по меньшей мере двух исходных модифицированных биомасс. При этом первая биомасса проявляет максимальный выход гидролиза при времени X, а вторая биомасса - при времени Y. Кроме того, вторая биомасса отличается от первой биомассы, а время X меньше или равно времени Y. Способ обеспечивает максимальный выход сахаров из смесей биомассы. 19 з.п. ф-лы, 15 ил., 9 табл., 7 пр.

Способ и устройство для разделения фракции частиц лигноцеллюлозы и фракции частиц лигнина, композиция частиц лигнина, композиция частиц лигноцеллюлозы и их применение

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ЭТАНОЛ

... 1. Способ превращения целлюлозного материала в этанол и другие продукты, причем целлюлозный материал содержит по меньшей мере целлюлозу, лигнин, гемицеллюлозу и золу, в котором целлюлозный материал очищают и подвергают непрерывной гидротермической предварительной обработке без добавления кислот или оснований, или других химических реактивов, которые требуется извлекать, причем получают жидкость и фракцию волокон, фракцию волокон подвергают ферментативному размягчению и осахариванию, причем способ включает ферментацию с получением этанола и извлечение продукта, где способ включает: ! осуществление гидротермической предварительной обработки, подвергая целлюлозный материал по меньшей мере одной операции вымачивания, и проведение целлюлозного материала через по меньшей мере один реактор высокого давления, задающий зону высокого давления реактора, работающую при повышенном давлении; целлюлозный материал нагревают до температуры от 170 до 230°С, и проводят по меньшей мере одну операцию отжима ...

ДВУХСТУПЕНЧАТАЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНАЯ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОЙ БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ двухстадийной предварительной обработки для извлечения углеводов из лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, включающий:a) предварительную обработку биомассы на первой стадии путем нагревания биомассы до температуры первой стадии, равной 140-180°C, в течение времени первой стадии, равного от 30 минут до 2 часов, при давлении первой стадии, равном 105-150 фунтов на квадратный дюйм; иb) предварительную обработку биомассы на второй стадии путем нагревания биомассы до температуры второй стадии, равной 190-210°C, в течение времени второй стадии, равного 2-10 минут, при давлении второй стадии, равном 167-262 фунтов на квадратный дюйм.2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий стадию кондиционирования путем нагревания паром при атмосферном давлении и регулирование содержания влаги в биомассе перед первой стадией предварительной обработки.3. Способ по п.1, где первая стадия дополнительно включает введение воды и по меньшей мере одной из кислот, способствующих гидролизу гемицеллюлозы, серной кислоты ...

Способ и устройство для образования фракции лигнина, лигниновая композиция и ее применение

СПОСОБ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРАСТВОРИМЫХ САХАРОВ ИЗ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ получения целлюлозы и/или сахаросодержащего продукта из лигноцеллюлозного материала, включающийa) фракционирование лигноцеллюлозного материала посредством варки в муравьиной кислоте при содержании муравьиной кислоты от 70 до 98% и температуре от 110 до 160°С;b) доведение фракции целлюлозной массы, полученной таким образом, до консистенции от 10 до 40% и промывание ее муравьиной кислотой;c) обработку загущенной и промытой целлюлозной массы при температуре от 50 до 90°С пермуравьиной кислотой, полученной посредством добавления пероксида водорода к муравьиной кислоте в количестве от 0,5 до 3% от сухой массы целлюлозной массы, и проведения реакции муравьиной кислоты и пероксида водорода с получением перуксусной кислоты за 1-10 минут до добавления пермуравьиной кислоты к загущенной и промытой целлюлозной массе;где обработку целлюлозной массы пермуравьиной кислотой проводят до тех пор, пока пермуравьиная кислота не будет, по существу, израсходована, после чего обработку продолжают, ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СЕПАРАЦИИ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ/ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ СЕПАРАЦИЮ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ/ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

... 1. Сепарационный модуль для сепарации твердых частиц/текучей среды для сепарации массы текучей среды, находящейся под давлением и содержащей твердые частицы, содержащий:сборную выдерживающую давление камеру и по меньшей мере один фильтрующий узел для отделения текучей среды от массы, находящейся под давлением, и направления текучей среды в сборную камеру;фильтрующий узел, образующий центральное отверстие, герметично изолированное от сборной камеры, для размещения массы, находящейся под давлением, и содержащий фильтровальный пакет, состоящий из фильтровальной пластины, содержащей сквозную прорезь фильтра, проходящую от центрального отверстия в фильтровальную пластину для направления текучей среды от центрального отверстия, и опорную пластину для направления текучей среды, собранной в прорези фильтра, в сборную камеру.2. Сепарационный модуль по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фильтровальная пластина содержит множество прорезей фильтра.3. Сепарационный модуль по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фильтрующий ...

СПОСОБ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО АЦЕТИЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ИЗ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СПОСОБА БЫСТРОГО КИСЛОТНОГО ГИДРОЛИЗА ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА И РЕАКТОРА ГИДРОЛИЗА

... 1. Усовершенствованный способ быстрого кислотного гидролиза лигноцеллюлозного материала такого типа, который содержит целлюлозную часть и лигнинную часть, включающий следующие стадии: ! (а) непрерывная подача в верхнюю часть реактора (10) однородного потока предварительно нагретого и измельченного лигноцеллюлозного материала; ! (b) осуществление контакта указанного лигноцеллюлозного материала на различных уровнях реактора (10) с множеством потоков системы гидросольвента, содержащей большую часть органического растворителя лигнина и воды и меньшую часть чрезвычайно разбавленного раствора сильной неорганической кислоты, так, чтобы одновременно растворялся лигнин и реагировал целлюлозный материал, с получением жидкой фазы в виде гидролизной вытяжки, содержащей реакционные продукты целлюлозной части и раствор лигнина, и твердой фазы, содержащей непрореагировавший и нерастворенный материал; и ! (с) удерживание указанной твердой фазы таким образом, чтобы обеспечить ее осаждение на дно реактора ...

Водное фракционирование биомассы, основанное на новых видах кинетики углеводородного гидролиза

... 1. Многофункциональный способ гидролиза и фракционирования лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, проводимого с целью отделения лигноцеллюлозных сахаров от других компонентов биомассы, содержащей экстрактивные вещества и протеины, часть растворенного лигнина, целлюлозу, глюкозу, полученную из целлюлозы, и растворимый лигнин из указанной биомассы, отличающийся тем, что предусматривает: а) введение в реактор или твердой свежей биомассы, или частично фракционированного материала из лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, содержащих захваченную ими воду или кислоту при рН<5,0, и нагрев до температуры от приблизительно 185°С до приблизительно 205°С; б) обеспечение возможности протекания реакции до точки, в которой приблизительно 60% гемицеллюлозы гидролизовалось, в случае только воды в течение приблизительно 6-10 мин или в случае, когда присутствует кислота, в течение приблизительно 5-10 мин для полного растворения; в) добавление разбавленной кислой жидкости при рН ниже приблизительно 5,0 при температуре с верхним пределом ...

ФЕРМЕНТАТИВНЫЙ ГИДРОЛИЗ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

... 1. Способ непрерывного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы, включающий, по меньшей мере, следующие стадии:(P) обеспечения, по меньшей мере, одного реактора, который может работать в стационарном состоянии;(A) добавления заданного количества целлюлозной биологической массы в указанный реактор, при этом указанная целлюлозная биологическая масса имеет содержание твердых продуктов, по меньшей мере, 10%;(Α') добавления заданного количества ферментов в указанный реактор;(E) осуществления, по меньшей мере, частичного ферментативного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы в указанном реакторе,при этом достигается стационарное состояние, при котором целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно добавляют в указанный реактор, в то время как, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованную целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно удаляют из указанного реактора, при этом указанная, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованная целлюлозная биологическая масса, которую непрерывно удаляют, имеет вязкость ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ ЛИГНИН

... 1. Композиция, включающая:лигнин; исуммарно меньше, чем приблизительно 2000 мг элементов на кг указанного лигнина;где указанные элементы представляют собой Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb^Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, и Zn.2. Композиция по п. 1, где указанный лигнин имеет измеренную в соответствии со стандартами ASTM-D240 и D5865a теплоту сгорания, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 5000 БТЕ/фунт.3. Композиция по п. 1, где указанный лигнин имеет средний размер частиц меньше, чем приблизительно 500 мкм.4. Композиция по п. 1, где указанный лигнин имеет объемная плотность меньше, чем приблизительно 0,35 г/см.5. Композиция по п. 1, где указанный лигнин получают из лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, необязательно используя экстракцию с помощью сверхкритической, докритической, или околокритической жидкости, или их комбинации.6. Композиция по п. 1, где указанная композиция практически не содержит органического растворителя.7. Композиция по п. 1, где указанный ...

ПРОЗРАЧНАЯ ДРЕВЕСИНА И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

ВОЛОКНО МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОЙ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ, ОБРАБОТАННОЙ АНГИДРИДОМ УКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ изготовления корма для животных, включающийизменение молекулярной структуры полисахаридов биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, путем воздействия на биомассу излучением дозой по меньшей мере 5,0 Мрад, используя пучок электронов, работающий при мощности по меньшей мере 5 кВт, для получения пищевого материала, включающего материал, имеющий среднечисленную молекулярную массу от приблизительно 3000 до 50000 Дальтон, имеющего доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте, превышающую доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте биомассы,при этом доступность питательных веществ определяют путем скармливания равных количеств указанного пищевого материала и биомассы по меньшей мере двум различным группам, состоящим из одного или нескольких животных, и сравнения потерь с экскрементами белка или аминокислоты для этих двух групп;уплотнение пищевого материала с получением корма для животных; ипредоставление пищевого материала ...

НОВЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ БЕНЗОЛПОЛИКАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ

... 1. Водорастворимое полимерное соединение бензолполи карбоновых кислот, характеризующееся тем, что имеет следующий элементный состав: 62-67% С, 3,8-4,2% Н, 29-34% О и менее чем 0,2% N по весу в сухом состоянии, при этом суммарное содержание других элементов составляет не более чем 1% по весу в сухом состоянии.2. Соединение по п. 1,где соединение дополнительно характеризуется тем, что имеет характеристические пикиС ЯМР-спектроскопии на уровне 15-22% в интервале 0-48 м.д., 30-42% в интервале 108-145 м.д., 5-13% в интервале 165-187 м.д. и 2-8% в интервале 187-220 м.д. и/илигде соединение дополнительно характеризуется тем, что содержит не более чем 1% низкомолекулярных примесей, обнаружению характеристическими пикамиС ЯМР-спектроскопии на уровнях 168,5, 171, 173, 181-182 м.д. и/илигде соединение дополнительно характеризуется тем, что имеет полосы поглощения в ИК-диапазоне 3400-3600 см, 2800-3000 см, 1500-1700 см, 1410 см, 1250-1300 сми 1050 см.3. Соединение по любому из предшествующих пунктов ...

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ДОБАВЛЕНИЯ ПАРА ДЛЯ ПРОЦЕССА ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ПАРОВЫМ ВЗРЫВОМ

... 1. Способ обработки сырьевого материала биомассы, который включает:подачу сырьевого материала через изолирующее давление устройство и в верхний впуск системы вертикального реакционного сосуда, где сырьевой материал располагают на столбе сырьевого материала внутри вертикального реакционного сосуда;добавление тепловой энергии для того, чтобы нагревать и повышать давление в сырьевом материале посредством введения первого объема пара в верхний участок системы вертикального реакционного сосуда;продвижение сырьевого материала через выпуск в нижнем участке системы вертикального реакционного сосуда посредством введения по меньшей мере второго объема пара в биомассу на уровне, соответствующем нижнему участку вертикального реакционного сосуда в, около или после нижнего выпуска вертикального реакционного сосуда;где введение первого объема пара и введение по меньшей мере второго объема пара вертикально разделяют посредством по меньшей мере части колонны биомассы, иперемещение продвигаемого сырьевого ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung von säurebeständigen Biopolymer-Lignin-Membranen

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wasserunlöslichen Lignin-Membran aus der Ablauge eines Cellulosegewinnungsprozesses. Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte: 1. Trocknen der Ablauge eines Cellulosegewinnungsprozesses 2. Verpressen der getrockneten Ablauge zu einer Membran und 3. Behandeln der erzeugten Lignin-Membran mit einer Säure.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von plastischen Massen

Verfahren zur Desodorierung von Lignin

Acetylation process for cellulose-containing material, and process for production of modified wood

Acetylating agent vapour is brought into contact with a material containing cellulose with continuous agitation of the acetylating agent, the cellulose-containing material being acetylated in a vapour phase. Solvents for the dilution, catalysts and process of immersion (dipping) into an acetylating agent (liquid) are unnecessary; it is therefore not only the case that the process is simplified, but also that the acetylating period is shortened as a consequence of the increase in the reaction efficiency and the accumulation of excess heat of reaction in the cellulose-containing material during the reaction is prevented, thus improving the acetylation uniformity. The invention proposes acetylating wood strips by this process, where these are accumulated and modified wood is produced. This modified wood has a superior resistance to moisture and does not have an acetic acid odour, nor does it cause any rusting processes.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON HAERTBAREN BINDEMITTELN

Production of cellulosic biosorbents, used for removing heavy metals from aqueous solution

Before reaction the reaction mixture or one of the components has elemental sulphur added to it. Production of biosorbents, especially for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions, comprises heating and phosphorylating cellulose containing materials with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate in presence of urea, followed by cooling and washing out impurities. Before reaction the reaction mixture or one of the components has elemental sulphur added to it. Independent claims are also included for the following: (i) products with a P content of 5-10% and N content 1-4%, the N being in the form of carbamide groups; and (ii) products as per (i) above but with the synthesis mixture treated with elemental sulphur prior to reaction.

Verfahren zur Herstellung thermisch modifizierter Cellulose- und/oder Hemicellulose-haltiger Biomaterialien und deren Verwendung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung thermisch modifizierter Cellulose- und/oder Hemicellulose-haltiger Biomaterialien, die thermisch modifizierten Cellulose- und/oder Hemicellulose-haltigen Biomaterialien, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und die Verwendung des Verfahrens oder der Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Pflanzensubstrats, eines Dämmstoffes, eines Kompositmaterials, eines Filtermaterials, eines Adsorptions- oder Absorptionsmittels eines Nahrungs- oder Arzneimittels, bevorzugt für Tiere, oder Tiereinstreus.

Acetylating wood so that it substantially maintains its stiffness during wetting

Wood which after being acetylated is less predisposed to becoming more flexible when wet. In particular the wood loses less than 10% of its stiffness as a result of wetting. Ideally the loss in stiffness is less than 8.6%. Preferably the wood is of commercial sizes, eg 0.02x0.02x1.5m to 0.3x0.16x4m. The weight of the wood at its geometric centre may increase by 14-22% due to the acetylating.

A method of manufacturing a product using a binder

A method of manufacturing a product comprises the steps of: i) Providing a collection of non-woven materials in the form of loose matter; ii) Treating the collection of loose matter with a substantially formaldehyde free binder solution having a pH of greater than 6 comprising: a carbohydrate, an acid precursor derivable from an inorganic salt which makes up at least 5% by dry weight of the uncured binder solution, a source of nitrogen and water; iii) Arranging the collection of loose matter treated with the binder solution in the form of a substrate; and iv) Curing the binder by applying a source of energy to the substrate. The product may be a mineral fibre insulation product. The carbohydrate may be dextrose; the acid precursor may be ammonium sulphate.

Hydrolysis systems and methods

A process for the agglomeration of wood waste and the like, and a product obtained therefrom

... 670,012. Wood substitutes. GLAUBERT, S. Jan. 10, 1949, No. 681/49. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, July 11, 1949]. Class 70 A wood substitute is obtained from lignin-containing materials such as wood waste by treating the material successively with two acids one of which is a strong acid'such as sulphuric acid, and the other a weak acid such as valeric acid, a hardening agent being added to the material which is then heat-treated between pressure plates so as to bind the material with the lignin. The hardening agent may be an alcohol or an aldehyde, preferably one having 5 or 6 C atoms in the molecule, such as furfuryl alcohol, or a carbohydrate. One or more of the stages may be performed under reduced pressure and a resin may be added to increase water resistance. Free lignin may also be added. The 'finished boards may be placed in ammonia chambers to remove free acid.

TREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

Improvements in or relating to a process for the production of fibre plates and formed bodies of lignocellulosic materials using the lignin of the lignocellulosic materials as a binding agent

Fibre-boards &c. are made from e.g. beechwood shavings, or pine wood chips which may have been boiled with water, e.g. for 10 minutes at 4 atmospheres pressure, until the pH value is 5 to 6, and washed, by softening the lignin in a two-stage process, the first stage being impregnation, preferably under vacuum, with dilute lye, e.g. a 3.5 per cent solution of caustic soda, so that 2 to 7 per cent of alkali is absorbed, and the second being heating by vapour or superheated steam so as to make the lignin easily fusible, but insoluble in water, the material being then disintegrated.

Lignocellulose conversion processes and products

Method for making dimensionally stable composite products from lignocelluloses

Process for producing woody mouldings

A woody moulding is produced by adding a dibasic acid anhydride to a wood product such as wood meal, in the presence or absence of a catalyst such as sodium carbonate, to bond the dibasic acid anhydride to the hydroxyl groups of the wood product to form an esterified woody material, adding to the esterification product a compound having at least two epoxy groups in the molecule thereof, kneading the mixture obtained, and then heat and press moulding the kneaded mixture.

Methods for treating lignocellulosic materials

A method of fractionating a liquid sample comprising a mixture of a first fraction and a second fraction, comprises: (i) fractionating the liquid sample with a sequential simulated moving bed chromatography system; wherein the sequential simulated moving bed chromatography system comprises steps 1- 3; a feed stream in passed into an adsorbent and a first raffinate stream is flushed from the adsorbent during step 1; a second raffinate stream is flushed from the adsorbent with a desorbent stream during step 2; and the desorbent is recycled back to the adsorbent during step 3; (ii) recovering one or more product stream from the chromatography system; wherein the product stream is extracted in both step 1 and step 2. A further invention directed to a method for removing acid from an acidic hemicellulose sugars stream is also disclosed.

Method of modifying wood by treating with a composition of acetic anhydride and an organic marker compound

Process for the manufacture of soluble ethers from vegetable materials

Soluble ethers are obtained directly from straws, seaweed, esparto and other materials containing fibres which are encrusted but not converted into wood, by treatment with etherifying agents, for example, by causing alkyl- or aralkyl-halides to react at an elevated temperature in the presence of caustic alkali. The products are soluble in the usual organic solvents, and may be employed in the manufacture of films and plastics and for impregnation. Specifications 12854/12 and 6035/13, [both in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], are referred to.

Method for preparing cellulose-containing particles

Process for the selective production of hydrocarbon based fuels from algae utilizing water at subcritical conditions

Processing biomass

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomass.

METHOD FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL BY IRRADIATING WITH AN ELECTRON BEAM

Producing edible residues from ethanol production.

Renewable sugars from oil palm wastes

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PRODUCING EDIBLE RESIDUES FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION

METHOD OF IRRADIATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS WITH AN ELECTRON BEAM

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Hardwood lignosulfonates for seperating gangue materials from metallic sulphide ores

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

RENEWABLE SUGARS FROM OIL PALM WASTES

Processing biomass

Hardwood lignosulfonates for seperating gangue materials from metallic sulphide ores

Apparatus for extraction of saccharides from lignocellulose materials by means of hydrolysis and useof a certain material in the apparatus

Equipment protecting enclosures

Conversion of biomass

Processing materials

PROCESSING HYDROXY-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS TO POLYMERS

PROCESS FOR FRACTIONATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM AGRI-WASTE

METHOD FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL BY IRRADIATING WITH AN ELECTRON BEAM

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomas.

Processing biomass

Processing biomass.

Processing biomass

Hardwood lignosulfonates for seperating gangue materials from metallic sulphide ores

Apparatus for extraction of saccharides from lignocellulose materials by means of hydrolysis and useof a certain material in the apparatus

Processing biomass for use in fuel cells

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FRACTIONATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomass.

Processing biomass.

Treating biomass to produce materials useful for biofuels

Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels can be produced from biomass by contacting the biomass with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid. The α-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the product and recycled.

Wood heater with enhanced microwave launching system

A microwave heater capable of heating a bundle of wood and equipped with an optimized system for launching and/or dispersing microwave energy. The microwave launching system can include one or more split microwave launchers at least partly disposed in the interior of the heater. The microwave dispersing system can include one or more moving reflectors for rastering microwave energy emitted from the split launchers.

Solvolysis of biomass using solvent from a bioreforming process

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Lignin Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.

Enhanced soluble c5 saccharide yields

Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of soluble C 5 saccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass comprising acidifying fractionated lignocellulosic biomass to prevent the recondensation of soluble C 5 saccharides, including C 5 oligosaccharides and xylose and arabinose monomers, to insoluble higher molecular weight C 5 oligosaccharides.

Resin composition, molded body and composite molded body

In accordance with the present invention, by using a resin composition including lignin and a curing agent in which the lignin is soluble in an organic solvent and contained in the resin composition in an amount of from 10 to 90% by mass, there are provided a molded product and a composite molded product which are obtained from plant resources as a main raw material and to which a good flame retardance and a good antibacterial property are imparted.

Process for production of microfibrillated cellulose fiber dispersion

The invention relates to a method for producing a microfibrillated cellulose fiber dispersion containing microfibrillated cellulose fibers, at least one of a resin and a resin precursor, and an organic solvent, and the method comprises a fibrillation step of fibrillating cellulose fibers in a starting material dispersion containing cellulose fibers, at least one of a resin and a resin precursor, and an organic solvent, to obtain microfibrillated cellulose fibers.

Asphalt Binder Modifier Composition

Asphalt binder modifiers derived from the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass are provided. The asphalt binder modifiers are useful as anti-stripping agents and in increasing tensile strength ratios for asphalt concrete, asphalt-containing roofing materials, and other asphalt applications.

Polymeric acid catalysts and uses thereof

Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

Pretreatment Method for Producing Water-Soluble Sugars From Lignocellulosic Material

The invention relates to manufacturing hydrolyzable cellulose and further, if desired, sugars from lignocellulosic material by means of formic and performic acid treatment.

Method for producing biobased chemicals from woody biomass

A method for utilizing woody biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from woody biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Simultaneous Hydrolysis Refine Method Of Cellulose Biomass

A method of refining cellulosic biomass, including synchronous hydrolyzation of at least 85 wt % organic polymers, based on the total weight of the cellulosic biomass, in the cellulosic biomass into small molecular organic compounds. The synchronous hydrolyzation is catalytic hydrolyzation for which the catalyst used is a substance represented by L-M-S-H or L-M=S, wherein “M” represents metal, carbon or silicon, “S” represents a heteroatom, “L” represents one or more ligands, and “H” represents hydrogen.

Method for dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks

The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of a lignocellulosic feedstock involving acid pretreatment. The process comprises the steps of treating the lignocellulosic feedstock with alkali at a pH of between about 8.0 and about 12.0 so as to dissolve acetyl groups present on said lignocellulosic feedstock, while converting less than about 10% of the xylan present in the lignocellulosic feedstock to xylose and less than about 10% of the cellulose to glucose, thereby producing an alkali conditioned feedstock. The alkali conditioned feedstock is then pretreated at a temperature of about 160° C. to about 250° C., at a pH of about 0.5 to about 2.5 for about 0.5 to about 10 minutes so as to hydrolyze about 80 to 100% of the xylan and about 3 to about 15% of the cellulose to produce an acid pretreated feedstock comprising cellulose. The cellulose in the pretreated feedstock can be hydrolyzed to glucose with cellulase and the glucose can be fermented to produce a fermentation product.

Funtionalizing Cellulosic and Lignocellulosic Materials

Irradiated lignocellulosic or cellulosic materials are provided which contain carboxylic acid groups and/or other functional groups not present in a naturally occurring cellulosic or lignocellulosic material from which the irradiated material was obtained.

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Lignophenol derivative, resin composition, and resin molded article

A compound includes a lignophenol derivative having a weight average molecular weight in a range of 5000 to 10000, and satisfying the following formula (1): 3.0≦pH value≦4.5  (1) wherein the pH value is a determined value for a liquid mixture containing 0.2 g of the lignophenol derivative added to 40 ml of pure water.

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning is provided. The system includes a first evaporator, a hydrolysis unit, at least one lignin separation device, a neutralization device, a precipitate removal device, a solvent extraction unit, a lignin removal and recovery unit, an acid and furfural separation and conditioning unit, and an electrodialysis device, which process a quantity of hardwood mix to produce a desalinated solution containing sugar.

Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds

This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds

This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Methods for Producing a Fermentation Product from Lignocellulose-Containing Material

The present invention provides a method for producing a fermentation product from lignocellulose-containing material, a method for converting lignocellulose-containing material into a hydrolyzate comprising mono- and oligo-saccharides, and a method for treating lignocellulose-containing material, all of which comprise the step of mixing an acid pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material and an alkaline pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material. The present invention further provides a fermentation product made according to the method for producing a fermentation product.

Processes and apparatus for producing fermentable sugars and low-ash biomass for combustion at reduced emissions

This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing hemicellulosic sugars and low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution; and recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products include fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin.

Delignification of biomass containing lignin and production of long lasting lignin fertilizer

A new fertilizer comprising of amino lignin compounds, which are made by delignification of biomass containing lignin utilizing amino compounds and producing amino lignin, amino lignincellulose and cellulose. The urea lignincellulose is reacted with potassium hydroxide to produce potassium salt of amino lignin and lignincelluose. The amino lignin is reacted with phosphorous acid to produce an amino lignin phosphorous acid. These amino lignin compounds reacted with potassium and phosphorous acid are the source nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the new solid or aqueous fertilizer.

Pre-treated biomass having enhanced enzyme accessibility

This invention is to a biomass composition of 5 and 6 carbon sugars, lignin, and cellulose which has been steam exploded and the composition has a very high enzyme accessibility at 24 hours for hydrolysis.

Lignin production from lignocellulosic biomass

Methods are disclosed for preparing lignin from lignocellulosic biomass using rapid full or partial pressure reduction to separate and pulverize the lignin without fouling the equipment and with improved energy recovery.

Processes and apparatus for lignin separation in biorefineries

The present invention generally provides methods of improving lignin separation during lignocellulosic biorefining, comprising the steps of (i) catalyzing fractionation or hydrolysis with an acid to release sugars into an acidified solution containing lignin, (ii) neutralizing the acidified solution with a base to form a salt in a neutralized solution; (iii) in a separation unit, separating the salt and the lignin, each in free or combined form, from the neutralized solution; and then (iv) recycling a portion of the salt and optionally a portion of the lignin to step (i) to combine, physically or chemically, with the lignin, to improve lignin separation in the separation unit. In certain embodiments, the acid is a sulfur-containing acid and the base is lime, forming gypsum which is then recycled, in part, to the hydrolysis reactor.

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS AND ORGANIC SOLVENT

The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to compositions comprising lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 35% or greater of lignin material. The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to compositions comprising lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 50% or less of carbohydrate. In certain embodiments the present compositions may have a viscosity of 5000 cps or less. 1. A composition comprising a lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 35% or greater of lignin material.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 50% or less of carbohydrate.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises about 5% or greater of recalcitrant cellulose4. (canceled)5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity of 5000 cps or less.6. (canceled)7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity of 1500 cps or less.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of solvent to lignocellulosic biomass is from about 10:1 to about 3:1.9. (canceled)10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the composition is from about 1 to about 3.11. (canceled)12. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from about 1.5% to about 2.5% (based on dry weight of the lignocellulosic biomass) of an acid.13. (canceled)14. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises softwood feedstock.15. (canceled)16. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is selected from ethanol claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , or a combination thereof.17. (canceled)18. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent a ethanol/water mixture and comprises about 40% ...

Method for producing cellulose-containing mass for producing composite material

The invention relates to a method for producing a cellulose-containing mass for forming a cellulose-containing composite material comprising following steps: (a) providing an input material comprising at least one cellulose-containing raw material and a liquid content; (b) macerating the cellulose-containing raw material in the input material; and (c) homogenizing the input material to obtain the cellulose-containing mass for forming cellulose-containing composite material by using an apparatus selected from a homogenizer, a refiner and a wet-milling apparatus. According to a further embodiment of the present invention cellulose of different types is added to the input. Moreover a method for producing a composite material that is based on said cellulose-containing mass is disclosed as well as a product produced of said composite material.

Method for processing vegetable biomass

The present invention relates to an energy-efficient process for the treatment of plant biomass, particularly sugar cane, for the production of carbohydrates and ethanol, using physico-chemical and extraction techniques, as well as very simple milling configurations, thereby minimizing energy consumption during extraction of the cane juice. The biomass treated and obtained through this process, when subjected to a fermentation process for the production of ethanol, increases the yield of the process in comparison with that of traditional sugar cane. It can also be used for the production of enzymes, animal feedstuffs, and other useful products.

LIGNIN EXTRACTION FROM LIGNOCELLULOSICS

The present invention is directed to a method to extract lignin from lignocellulosic biomass using lactic acid. 1. A method of extracting lignin from lignocellulosic biomass , the method comprising:comminuting the lignocellulosic biomass to form a comminuted biomass;adding lactic acid to the comminuted biomass to form a prepared biomass; andextracting lignin from the prepared biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pH of the lactic acid is between about 1.4 and about 9.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a temperature between about 0° C. to about 500° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a temperature of about 25° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a pressure between about 1 atm and about 200 atms.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a pressure of about 1 atm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is comminuted in the presence of water at a specified ratio of water to biomass ranging from about 0.1 to 1.0 up to 10.0 to 1.0.8. The method of wherein the specified ratio of water to biomass exceeds 1 to 1.9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the specified ratio of water to biomass is between about 2 to 1 up to about 6 to 1.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the lactic acid to the comminuted biomass is between about 1 to about 3.4:about 1.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is selected from the group consisting of corn stover claim 1 , sugarcane claim 1 , straw claim 1 , saw mill claim 1 , paper mill claim 1 , wood claim 1 , switch grass and elephant grass and combinations thereof12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is corn stover.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the comminuting is selected from the group consisting of cutting claim 1 , chopping claim 1 , grinding claim 1 , crushing claim 1 , milling claim 1 , micronizing claim 1 , triturating and combinations thereof.14. A method of ...

Processes for producing cellulose pulp, sugars, and co-products from lignocellulosic biomass

The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars.

Fibrous cellulose, fibrous cellulose dispersion, and production method for fibrous cellulose

An object of the present invention is to provide ultrafine fibrous cellulose capable of exhibiting excellent coating suitability when added to paint. The present invention relates to fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1,000 nm or less, in which, when the fibrous cellulose is dispersed in water to form a dispersion liquid having a viscosity of 2,500 mPa·s at 23° C., and the dispersion liquid is stirred under predetermined stirring conditions, a viscosity change rate falls within ±50%, calculated by the following formula: viscosity change rate (%)=(viscosity after stirring−viscosity before stirring)/viscosity before stirring×100

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS FROM ACETYLATED WOOD FIBRE

A process for forming wood fibre comprising breaking down acetylated wood to produce acetylated wood fibre having a moisture content from about 5% w/w to about 8.5% w/w after it is comminuted to form wood fibre. The process includes a first moisture-introducing step for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood elements; and a second moisture-introducing step, separate to the first, for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood dements. 1. A process for forming wood fibre comprising:breaking down acetylated wood to produce acetylated wood fibre having a moisture content from about 5% w/w to about 8.5% w/w after it is comminuted to form a wood fibre.2. The process according to wherein the wood fibre is formed from breaking down pieces of wood.3. The process of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content of about 5% w/w to about 8% w/w after it is comminuted to form wood fibre.4. The process of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5.5% to about 7.5% w/w.5. The process of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content of about 6.5% to about 6.8% w/w after it is comminuted to form the wood fibre.6. The process of wherein the moisture content of the acetylated wood is adjusted by adding moisture in more than one processing step.7. The process of further comprising:a first moisture-introducing step for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood elements; anda second moisture-introducing step, separate to the first, for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood elements.8. The process of wherein the process further comprises:introducing moisture is introduced in the form of water and in the form of steam during the process.9. The process of wherein the process further comprises:a first moisture-introducing step that comprises introducing water, andintroducing steam in order to heat the acetylated wood.10. The process of wherein the process further comprises:introducing steam at a temperature in the ...

ACETYLATED WOOD FIBRE

An acetylated wood fibre suitable for the fabrication of wood products wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8.5% w/w. 1. An acetylated wood fibre suitable for the fabrication of wood products wherein the acetylated wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8.5% w/w.2. The acetylated wood fibre of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8% w/w.3. The acetylated wood fibre of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5.5% to about 7.5% w/w.4. The acetylated wood fibre of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content of about 6.5% to about 6.8% w/w.59-. (canceled)10. A wood product formed from an acetylated wood fibre suitable for the fabrication of wood products wherein the acetylated wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8.5% w/w.11. A wood product according to wherein the wood product is a fibreboard.12. A wood product according to wherein the fibreboard is MDF.13. A wood product according to wherein the wood product is formed by the acetylated wood fibre and MDI resin. This invention relates to the field of wood processing. More specifically, it relates to acetylated wood fibre and a method of processing acetylated wood materials for use in manufacturing of products from the acetylated wood material including wood board manufacture such as wood fibreboard manufacturing.Boards constructed from wood such as wood fibreboards, for example medium density fibreboard (MDF) comprising wood fibres bound together with binder resin are superior in strength and are easily processed due to their homogeneity. Such wooden products including fibreboards can be used to obtain a variety of formed shapes. The shapes can be planar or flat in profile. Curved shapes are also easily formed. They are widely used as materials for furniture and for a variety of construction purposes.In resin fibreboards such as MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) resin type fibreboards such as MDF ...

METHOD FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

The invention relates to a process for treating a lignocellulosic biomass, with: 2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the continuous filter functions counter-currentwise between the circulation of the solid/liquid mixture to be separated and the extraction/washing fluid.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the separation of the solid/liquid mixture is performed during step b on a first portion of the pretreated substrate obtained on conclusion of step a claim 1 , in that a second portion of said pretreated substrate is subjected to at least one subsequent treatment step claim 1 , notably hydrolysis claim 1 , and in that the solid phase enriched in solid obtained in step b is also subjected to at least one subsequent treatment step claim 1 , notably the same as those to which the second portion of the pretreated substrate is subjected.4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a step e of enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated substrate ofrived from the pre-treatment step a to obtain a hydrolysate claim 1 , in that the solid/liquid separation b is performed on at least a portion of said hydrolysate.5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the solid/liquid separation b is performed on at least a portion claim 1 , notably all claim 1 , of the pretreated substrate obtained on conclusion of the pretreatment step a to obtain a solid phase enriched in solid claim 1 , and in that it comprises a step e of enzymatic hydrolysis of said solid phase enriched in solid to obtain a hydrolysate.6. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the liquid phases enriched in liquid ofrived from the separation step b are sugary liquors claim 1 , and in that said process also comprises a step c of producing enzymes and/or a step d of producing yeasts claim 1 , and in that at least one of said sugary liquors is used for said production of enzymes c or of yeasts d.8. Process according to claim 1 , ...

PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITION

The present invention is directed to plant fiber-reinforced thermoplastic compositions and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resins. The present invention provides a use for the cellulose portion of a plant material, which is the portion left over after processing the selected plant materials to separate the hemi-cellulose and lignin from the cellulose. 1. A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition comprising:a) a thermoplastic material; andb) from about 1 to about 60 weight percent cellulose fibers based on the weight of the composition, the cellulose fibers obtained by the separation of the cellulose fiber fraction from hemi-cellulose and lignin fractions of flax in a decortication process that does not include hammering or bending/flexing the flax.2. The composition of wherein the cellulose fibers and the thermoplastic are molecularly bonded to one another.3. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic is a polyolefin or polyamide or an engineering plastic.4. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic material is polypropylene or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.5. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic material and cellulose fibers are homogeneously dispersed throughout the composition. This application is a divisional Non-Provisional patent application which claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/697,079, filed Apr. 27, 2015, entitled “PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION,” which is a continuation application of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/648,738, filed on Oct. 10, 2012, entitled “PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION,” which are all expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The present invention relates to a thermoplastic composite resin composition which includes plant fibers and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resin compositions. More particularly, the cellulose component of plat material remaining after the removal of the hemi ...

Mineral wool insulation

A method of manufacturing a mineral fibre thermal insulation product comprises the sequential steps of: Forming mineral fibres from a molten mineral mixture; Spraying a substantially formaldehyde free binder solution on to the mineral fibres, the binder solution comprising: a reducing sugar, an acid precursor derivable from an inorganic salt and a source of nitrogen; Collecting the mineral fibres to which the binder solution has been applied to form a batt of mineral fibres; and Curing the batt comprising the mineral fibres and the binder which is in contact with the mineral fibres by passing the batt through a curing oven so as to provide a batt of mineral fibres held together by a substantially water insoluble cured binder.

HETERO-TRANSGLYCOSYLASE AND USES THEREOF

The present invention relates to a hetero-transglycosylase protein having cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (CXE) activity in addition to mixed-linkage beta-glucan:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (MXE) activity. The protein may comprise the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6 and 8 or a functional fragment thereof; or an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, 6 and 8, or to SEQ ID NO: 2 from amino acid 22 to 280, to SEQ ID NO: 6 from amino acid 26 to 283, or to SEQ ID NO: 8 from amino acid 29 to 287. The invention furthermore relates to an isolated nucleic acid encoding the protein described herein, a chimeric gene comprising, inter alia, the nucleic acid described herein, a vector comprising said chimeric gene, a host cell comprising said vector or said chimeric gene and an according transgenic plant. Further disclosed herein in are a method of producing a transgenic plant and a method of improving properties of cellulosic material. 1. A protein having cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity.2Equisetum.. The protein of which is derived from3. The protein of or comprising(a) the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6 and 8 or a functional fragment thereof; or(b) an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6 and 8, or(c) an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 from amino acid 22 to 280, or to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 from amino acid 26 to 283, or to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 from amino acid 29 to 287.4. The protein of any one of to claim 1 , wherein said cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity is one of the predominant activities of the protein.5. An isolated nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of:{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claims 1'}, {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', '4'}], '(a) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein of ...

Enhancement of Lignocellulose Saccharification Via A Low Temperature Ionic Liquid Pre-Treatment Scheme

A method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass having a lignin component, a hemicellulose component, and a cellulose component, for conversion to sugar is disclosed. Also disclosed is the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass resulting from the method. 1. A method of pretreating lignocellulosic biomass having a lignin component , a hemicellulose component , and a cellulose component , for conversion to sugar , the method comprising:contacting the biomass with an oxidizing agent at a first temperature for a first period of time sufficient to at least partially remove or decompose the lignin component, thereby producing LOX biomass;contacting the LOX biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) at a second temperature for a second period of time, thereby producing a first mixture comprising IL and LOX biomass;contacting the first mixture with a solvent, thereby producing a second mixture comprising LOXIL-treated biomass and solvent, wherein the IL is substantially soluble in the solvent and at least one of the cellulose component or the hemicellulose component is substantially insoluble in the solvent; andseparating the LOXIL-treated biomass from the solvent to produce pretreated lignocellulosic biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises poplar claim 1 , corn stover claim 1 , switchgrass claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating comprises mixing the second mixture so as to precipitate the LOXIL-treated biomass from the IL.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising washing the precipitated LOXIL-treated biomass with the solvent so as to displace the IL.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising removing liquid from the precipitated LOXIL-treated biomass through filtration.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of contacting the second mixture with an acid catalyst to hydrolyze at least one of the hemicellulose component or the cellulose component.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

Processing biomass

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce a product or intermediate, e.g., energy, a food, a fuel, or a material.

DE-ESTERIFICATION OF BIOMASS PRIOR TO AMMONIA PRETREATMENT AND SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS RELATED THERETO

A method is provided for pretreating cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass comprising de-esterifying the biomass with an alkali treatment to produce de-esterified biomass; and pretreating the de-esterified biomass with ammonia to produce de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass. In various embodiments, the de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass has an amide concentration ranging from about 0.04 to about 25 mg/g biomass. In other embodiments, the amide concentration is no more than 0.04 mg/g biomass. Various ammonia pretreatment processes may be used, including liquid or gaseous ammonia pretreatments, including, but not limited to, liquid ammonium hydroxide pretreatments, various AFEX pretreatments, with or without biomass densification, and various cellulosic conversion pretreatments including “COBRA” pretreatments. Products (e.g., animal feed) and systems are also disclosed. 1. A method of pretreating biomass comprising:de-esterifying the biomass with an alkali to produce de-esterified biomass; andpretreating the de-esterified biomass with ammonia to produce de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass.2. The method of wherein an amide concentration in the de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass contains ranges from about 0.04 mg/g biomass to about 25 mg/g biomass.3. The method of wherein the amide concentration is substantially zero.4. The method of wherein the de-esterified biomass is neutralized with concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid prior to the pretreating step.5. The method of wherein the alkali is Ca(OH)(lime) claim 1 , KOH claim 1 , NaOH claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of wherein the biomass is densified biomass.7. The method of wherein the densified biomass is re-densified following the pretreating step to produce animal feed.8. The method of wherein the biomass is densified after the de-esterifying step to produce densified de-esterified biomass.9. The method of wherein the densified de-esterified biomass is re- ...

CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, especially, xylose, which can then be chemically converted to furfural and furfural-derived products. 1. A method for processing biomass , the method comprising:irradiating biomass to reduce the recalcitrance of the biomass;saccharifying the irradiated biomass with one or more enzymes to produce a first sugar composition comprising xylose and glucose;fermenting the first sugar composition to produce a second sugar composition comprising xylose and glucose, wherein the concentration of xylose in the second sugar composition is increased relative to the first sugar composition;isolating the xylose from the second sugar composition;converting the isolated xylose to furfural; andconverting the furfural to a furoic acid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein isolating the xylose from the second sugar composition comprises one or more isolation method selected from the group consisting of distillation claim 1 , crystallization claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , sedimentation claim 1 , chromatography claim 1 , centrifugation claim 1 , settling claim 1 , sedimentation claim 1 , and floatation.3. The method of claim claim 1 , 1 wherein the biomass comprises one or more of paper claim 1 , paper product claim 1 , wood claim 1 , wood-related material claim 1 , particle board claim 1 , grass claim 1 , rice hulls claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , cotton claim 1 , jute claim 1 , hemp claim 1 , flax claim 1 , bamboo claim 1 , wheat straw claim 1 , sisal claim 1 , abaca claim 1 , straw claim 1 , corn cobs claim 1 , corn stover claim 1 , coconut hair claim 1 , algae claim 1 , seaweed claim 1 , altered cellulose claim 1 , regenerated cellulose claim 1 , microbial material claim 1 , municipal waste claim 1 , waste from paper processing claim 1 , newspaper claim 1 , ...

Energy recovery when processing materials with reactive fluids

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy when processing materials with reactive fluids. More particularly, disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy from processes in which materials comprising polymers and/or oligomers are treated with a reactive fluid.

Production of Crystalline Cellulose

A method of producing crystalline cellulose from a cellulosic material includes the step of reacting the cellulosic material in an aqueous slurry comprising a transition metal catalyst and a hypohalite solution. 1. A method of producing crystalline cellulose from a cellulosic material , comprising the steps of:(a) reacting the cellulosic material in an aqueous slurry comprising a transition metal catalyst and a hypohalite solution having a concentration of 0.05M or greater, and an initial pH greater than 5.5 and a final pH less than 9.5, and(b) recovering a crystalline cellulose fraction.2. The method of wherein the hypohalite comprises hypochlorite claim 1 , hypoiodite claim 1 , or hypobromite.3. The method of wherein the initial pH of the slurry is between 9.0 to 12.0.4. The method of wherein the final pH of the slurry is below 8.0.5. The method of wherein the final pH of the slurry is below about 7.0.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the slurry has an initial oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of greater than about 500 mV.7. The method of wherein the slurry has a final ORP of less than about 0.0 mV.8. The method of wherein the slurry further comprises a buffer.9. The method of wherein the buffer comprises a phosphate and a polyvalent organic acid.10. The method of wherein the ratio of hypohalite to cellulosic material in the slurry is between about 1 mol/kg to about 10 mol/kg (dry weight basis).11. The reaction of wherein the slurry is heated to between about 50° C. and about 85° C.12. The method of wherein the reaction of step (a) is repeated by adding additional hypohalite doses to produce a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals.13. The method of wherein the additional hypohalite is added after a significant drop of oxidation-reduction potential.14. The method of wherein the total amount of hypohalite added is between about 1 mol/kg of cellulosic material to about 20 mol/kg (dry weight).15. The method of comprising the further steps ...

Solvent-based processes for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom

The present invention provides a process for producing a nanocellulose material, comprising: fractionating a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin and water, but no acid catalyst, to generate cellulose-rich solids; and then mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form a nanocellulose material comprising cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals. Many organic or inorganic solvents are possible. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an oxygenated organic compound, such as a C 1 -C 18 alcohol, e.g. ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol, propanediol, glycerol, butanol, or butanediol. The solvent for lignin may be an aromatic alcohol, such as phenol, cresol, or benzyl alcohol. The solvent for lignin may be a ketone, an aldehyde, or an ether, such as methyl ethyl ketone or diethyl ether. The solvent for lignin may be a non-oxygenated alkane, olefin, or aromatic hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an ionic liquid.

Pretreatment and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass

Method and apparatus for enhanced production of sugars and lignin via fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass through ionic liquid pretreatment and mild alkaline treatment. The resulting biomass is easily fractionated and amenable to efficient and rapid enzymatic hydrolysis or acid hydrolysis and catalytic conversion to valuable products with high recovery of the enzymes used in the hydrolysis.

Systems and methods for dewatering a slurry that includes lignocellulosic biomass and liquid

The present disclosure relates to a dewatering systems, and related methods, that are adapted to convey lignocellulosic biomass to separate at least a portion of the water from a lignocellulosic biomass slurry and accumulate the dewatered lignocellulosic biomass. The dewatering system also includes a headspace occupied by a gas that is at a pressure that facilitates transferring the accumulated biomas into a pretreatment reactor having a pressurized headspace. Such a dewatering system can prevent undue mixing and backflow of gas (e.g., steam) from the pretreatment reactor.

Fire resistant wooden body and method for producing thereof

A method for sulphation and phosphorylation of a wooden body to impart anti-flame properties to the substrate wherein at least one phosphonic acid of the formula (I) is used PO(OH) 2 —R—PO(OH) 2 as a catalyst for sulphation and phosphorylating agent, and the relative wooden body.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids. 1. A method of producing a polyester polymer comprising:(i) saccharifying biomass to form a saccharified biomass;(ii) contacting the saccharified biomass with a microorganism to produce one or more products; and(iii) converting the one or more products to the polyester polymer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyester polymer comprises poly(lactic acid).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more products comprises an organic acid.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the organic acid comprises lactic acid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microorganism comprises a lactic acid bacteria (LAB).6Lactobacillus.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microorganism comprises a species in the genera7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising treating the biomass prior to step (i) to reduce its recalcitrance.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the treating comprises size reduction (e.g. claim 7 , mechanical size reduction of individual pieces of biomass) claim 7 , radiation claim 7 , sonication claim 7 , pyrolysis claim 7 , or oxidation9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the treating comprises radiation claim 7 , e.g. claim 7 , using ionizing radiation.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the recalcitrance of the biomass is reduced by at least about 10%.11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the recalcitrance of the biomass is reduced by 50%-90%.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is a lignocellulosic or cellulosic material.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises paper claim 1 , paper products claim 1 , paper waste claim 1 , wood claim 1 , particle board claim 1 , sawdust claim 1 , agricultural waste claim 1 , sewage claim 1 , silage claim 1 , grasses claim 1 , rice hulls claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , cotton claim 1 , jute claim 1 , hemp claim 1 , flax claim 1 , bamboo ...

SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL IONIC LIQUIDS FROM LIGNIN-DERIVED COMPOUNDS

Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin derived compounds comprising: contacting a starting material comprising lignin with a depolymerization agent to depolymerize the lignin and form a mixture of aldehyde containing compounds; contacting the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds with an amine under conditions suitable to convert the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds to a mixture of amine containing compounds; and contacting the mixture of amine containing compounds with an acid under conditions suitable to form an ammonium salt, thereby preparing the ionic liquid. 1. A process for preparing an ionic liquid comprising:contacting a starting material comprising lignin with a depolymerization agent to depolymerize the lignin and form a mixture of aldehyde containing compounds;contacting the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds with an amine under conditions suitable to convert the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds to a mixture of amine containing compounds; andcontacting the mixture of amine containing compounds with an acid under conditions suitable to form an ammonium salt, thereby preparing the ionic liquid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting the starting material with a depolymerization agent comprises contacting the starting material with one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of an ionic liquid; hydrogen gas; a hydrogen donating agent selected from the group consisting of tetralin claim 1 , sodium formate and formic acid; a dilute acid; a concentrated acid; a base; a catalyst and an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of nitrobenzene claim 1 , metal oxides claim 1 , hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , and oxygen gas; Fenton's reagent; metal organic frameworks of copper or iron; and ammonium hydroxide.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the depolymerization agent comprises a lignin-derived ionic liquid.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ...

Drastic Reduction of Viscosity in Biomass

The present invention pertains among others to a method of preparing a biomass mash from a biomass comprising lignin. The invention also pertains to a biomass mash comprising reduced viscosity. 1. A method of preparing a biomass mash , wherein a biomass comprising lignin in an amount of less than 10% of the dry matter content and/or a Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) value of less than 65% of the dry matter content is subjected to a first pH adjusting step , in which the pH is adjusted with a base to a pH of at least 7.5 at a temperature of 1-40° C. in a period of at least 5 minutes , followed by a second pH adjusting step , wherein the pH of the biomass mash is adjusted with an acid to a pH in the range of 1-6.5 , thereby obtaining a biomass mash.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of separating the biomass mash into (i) a liquid fraction and (ii) a non-liquid fraction following the second pH adjustment.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) claim 1 , potassium hydroxide (KOH) claim 1 , ammonium hydroxide (NHOH) claim 1 , calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of nitric acid (HNO claim 1 ,) claim 1 , phosphoric acid (H3PO4.) claim 1 , hydrochloric acid (HCL) claim 1 , urea (CO(NH2)2.) claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH in the first pH adjustment step is adjusted to 10 or more.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature during the entire process is from 5-25° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH in the second pH adjustment step is adjusted in the range from 3-6.8. A biomass mash obtainable by the method of .9. A biomass mash comprising a viscosity in the range from 2-5 Centipoise.10. The biomass mash of claim 9 , comprising pectin in an amount of less than 0.25% of the dry matter content.11. The biomass mash of claim 9 , comprising ...

Methods and systems for processing lignin during hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase, at least partially depolymerizing the lignin in the phenolics liquid phase, wherein at least partially depolymerizing the lignin generates hydrocarbons.

HYDROTHERMALLY CARBONIZED BIOMASS FORMED VIA REACTIVE TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION

A biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material being a product of processing a biomass feed material via a twin screw extruder having a length extending between an inlet and an outlet. Hot water from a water heater is injected into at least one inlet along the length of the twin screw extruder, the at least one inlet generally corresponding with a pressure boundary within the twin screw extruder. A pressure-sustaining valve is connected between the length of the twin screw extruder and the outlet, with the valve being adjusted to produce the biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material. 1. A biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material comprising: hot water from a water heater is injected into at least one inlet along the length of the twin screw extruder,', 'the at least one inlet generally corresponds with a pressure boundary within the twin screw extruder; and', 'a pressure-sustaining valve connected between the length of the twin screw extruder and the outlet is adjusted to produce the biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material., 'a product of processing a biomass feed material via a twin screw extruder having a length extending between an inlet and an outlet and wherein2. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of wherein the biomass feed material comprises a lignocellulosic biomass material.3. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of wherein the lignocellulosic biomass material comprises at least on material selected from the group consisting of wood claim 2 , wood waste claim 2 , agricultural residue and forest residue.4. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of having a moisture content of <5% when dried in room air for 24-48 hrs.5. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of having a molded flexural modulus (psi) of about 700 claim 1 ,000 and a post-cured flexural modulus (psi) of greater than 900 claim 1 ,000.6. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of having a molded flexural strength ( ...

BIOMASS PROCESSING USING IONIC LIQUIDS

Without limitation, the disclosure provides processes for (a) dissolving biomass in ionic liquids, (b) deconstructing cellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin into derivatives including fermentable sugars, (c) separating the biomass derivatives from the ionic liquid, and (d) converting the biomass derivatives to useful fuels or chemicals, either dissolved within or separated from the ionic liquid. It should be understood that processes described herein can be used in isolation or in combination with each other. 1. A method for recovering biomass components from an ionic liquid , the method comprising: forming a first phase and a second phase from a hydrolyzed biomass composition comprising an ionic liquid , water and one or more biomass components , wherein the first phase comprises the ionic liquid and the second phase comprises water and one or more biomass components.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzed biomass composition is obtained by hydrolyzing the biomass and/or biomass component in the ionic liquid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass component is a sugar.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar comprises glucose.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first phase and the second phase are formed by mixing a kosmotropic salt with the hydrolyzed biomass composition.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is pressurized to form the first phase and the second phase.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the composition is reduced to form the first phase and the second phase.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is contacted with pressurized carbon dioxide to form the first phase and the second phase.920-. (canceled)21. A method for recovering biomass components from an ionic liquid claim 1 , the method comprising:(a) forming a first phase and a second phase from a hydrolyzed biomass composition comprising ionic liquid, water and one or more biomass components, wherein the first phase comprises ...

SEPARATION OF LIGNIN AND SUGARS FROM BIOMASS PRE-TREATMENT LIQUORS

The invention relates to an improved process for separating lignin and monomeric sugars from a liquor comprising lignin and monomeric sugars in a solvent mixture of water and at least one organic solvent, which employs membrane filtration techniques such as nanofiltration and selective water removal, preferably by permeation through a membrane which is selective for water molecules. The invention further relates to a modular system for executing the process according to the invention. The process and system according to the invention are particularly suitable to be incorporated with pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, in particular by organosolv fractionation or solvolysis. 114.-. (canceled)15. A process for separating lignin and monomeric sugars from a biomass pre-treatment liquor comprising lignin and monomeric sugars in a solvent mixture comprising water and an organic solvent , the process comprising:(a) subjecting the liquor to nanofiltration over a membrane capable of retaining lignin and permeating monomeric sugars; and(b) subjecting a permeate originating from step (a) to selective water removal to obtain a suspension comprising precipitated monomeric sugars.16. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the liquor is an organosolv liquor or a solvolysis liquor.17. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the liquor is an organosolv liquor.18. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the organosolv liquor is obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic biomass to organosolv prior to step (a).19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the organosolv is performed using a ketone claim 18 , preferably acetone claim 18 , as organic solvent.20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the ketone organic solvent is acetone.21. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the liquor has a temperature of 100-280° C. at the beginning of step (a).22. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the nanofiltration membrane has a molecular weight cut-off ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Methods of manufacturing fuels are provided. These methods use often difficult to process lignocellulosic materials, for example crop residues and grasses. The methods can be readily practiced on a commercial scale in an economically viable manner, in some cases using as feedstocks materials that would otherwise be discarded as waste. 1. A method comprising:irradiating a lignocellulosic material at a dose rate of at least 0.5 Mrad/sec, with an electron beam operating at a voltage of less than 3 MeV and a power of at least 25 kW,combining and agitating the irradiated lignocellulosic material, a liquid medium and a saccharifying agent in a tank by jet mixing to disperse and saccharify the irradiated lignocellulosic material.2. The method of wherein the liquid medium comprises water.3. The method of wherein the saccharifying agent is an enzyme.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , fermenting the contents of the tank claim 1 , without removing the contents from the tank claim 1 , to produce an alcohol.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , isolating sugars from the contents of the tank.6. The method of further comprising hammermilling the lignocellulosic material prior to irradiating.7. The method of wherein the lignocellulosic material comprises corncobs.8. The method of wherein irradiating comprises delivering to the lignocellulosic material a total dose of from about 25 to 35 Mrads.9. The method of wherein irradiating comprises multiple passes of irradiation claim 1 , each pass delivering a dose of 20 Mrads or less.10. The method of further comprising soaking the irradiated lignocellulosic material in water at a temperature of at least 40° C. prior to combining the irradiated lignocellulosic material with a liquid medium and a saccharifying agent in a tank. This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/794,716, filed Jul. 8, 2015, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/ ...

Efficient methods and compositions for recovery of products from organic acid pretreatment of plant materials

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials.

IONIC-LIQUID MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS DIRECTLY FROM WOOD, GRASS OR BIORESIDUES

A process for the production of cellulose nanocrystals directly from wood, grass or bioresidues wherein the wood is treated with an ionic liquid and novel cellulose nanocrystals obtained by the process. 1. A process for the production of cellulose nanocrystals directly from wood , grass or a bioresidue comprising mainly cellulose and lignin , comprising treating the wood , grass or the bioresidue with an ionic liquid at a temperature of 85° C. or less for a period of from 1 minutes to 12 hours.2. The process in accordance with wherein the treatment temperature is 75° C. or less.3. The process in accordance with wherein the treatment temperature is 70° C. or less.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment time is of from 1 minute to 8 hours.5. The process in accordance with wherein the treatment time from 1 minute to 6 hours.6. The process in accordance with comprising at least two cycles of treatment of the wood or the grass with the ionic liquid.7. The process in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is an imidazolium ionic liquid.8. The process in accordance with wherein the ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]) or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][OAc]).9. Cellulose nanocrystals prepared by the process of .10. Cellulose nanocrystals according to having a diameter of from 2 to 4 nm and an aspect ratio of from 20 to 100.11. Cellulose nanocrystals in accordance with comprising of from 5 wt % to 30 wt % of lignin coated onto the surface of the cellulose nanocrystals.12. Cellulose nanocrystals in accordance with having a degree of surface acetylation of from 3 to 40%.1314.-. (canceled)15. Cellulose nanocrystals according to and having an aspect ratio of 40 to 90.16. Cellulose nanocrystals in accordance with comprising of from 5 wt % to 30 wt % of lignin coated onto the surface of the cellulose nanocrystals.17. Cellulose nanocrystals in accordance with having a degree of surface acetylation of from 3 ...

Carbon nanotube - polysaccharide composite

The present invention provides methods for the fabrication CNT dispersions using polysaccharides, especially hemicelluloses, and most advantageously xylan. The present invention also provides methods to isolate, and purify hemicelluloses from plant materials. The present invention provides methods and compositions for the coating of solid surfaces using CNT dispersions. One currently preferred method coating of a surface is electrospraying the CNT dispersion. The present invention provides electrically conducting materials that can replace conducting plastics, graphite, and even some metals as electrical conductors. In one embodiment the present materials can be used as stealth coatings. In another embodiment the present materials can provide shield against high frequency electromagnetic radiation, while being permeable to low frequency magnetic field. In one specific application the dispersion fabricated from double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), and xylan can be used to fabricate transparent electrically conducting films. In one embodiment of the present invention the surface films will be cross-linked, and these films can be used in multiple applications including supercapacitors.

Biomass processing system, saccharide solution production method using biomass feedstock, alcohol production method

A biomass processing system includes: a hydrolysis processing unit that decomposes, under a high-temperature/high-pressure condition, biomass feedstock in a processing tank having a gas-liquid interface, and removes a lignin component and a hemicellulose component; a biomass solid content discharge unit that discharges a biomass solid content 20 which is a hot water insoluble element; a slurrying vessel that subjects the discharged biomass solid content to slurrying; and a hot water discharge liquid introducing line L 2 that introduces, into the slurrying vessel 21 , a hot water discharge liquid 16 including a biomass hot-water soluble element.

Flocculation of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates

A method of separating a lignin-rich solid phase from a solution, comprising: pretreating a lignocellulosic biomass with a pretreatment fluid having to remove soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles; separating the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass from the pretreatment fluid with soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles; flocculating the separated pretreatment fluid with soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles using PEO or CPAM as a flocculating agent; and filtering the flocculated separated pretreatment fluid with soluble components, colloidal material and primarily lignin containing particles to remove agglomerates.

UPGRADING LIGNIN FROM LIGNIN-CONTAINING RESIDUES THROUGH REACTIVE EXTRACTION

Disclosed are methods of functionalizing lignin using reactive extraction. The invention also generally relates to functionalized lignin. An exemplary method for producing functionalized lignin is disclosed, which comprises: providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and wherein the first mixture comprises: a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and a first solid fraction comprising cellulose. 1. A method for producing functionalized lignin , the method comprising:providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and', a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and', 'a first solid fraction comprising cellulose., 'wherein the first mixture comprises], 'subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture;'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid further comprises an acid.35.-. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subjecting is performed at a first pressure of less than 73 bar.7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residue is a biorefinery residue obtained from a process selected from the group consisting of enzymatic hydrolysis claim 1 , acid hydrolysis claim 1 , steam explosion claim 1 , a treatment comprising SO claim 1 , a treatment comprising CO claim 1 , and any combination thereof.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the first liquid fraction from the first solid fraction claim 1 , thereby forming a separated first liquid fraction claim 1 , wherein the ...

METHOD FOR PRETREATING LIGNOCELLULOSE BY USING ACID-BASE MIXTURE CATALYST

The present invention relates to a method for pretreating lignocellulose by using an acid-base mixture catalyst. The method pretreats lignocellulose, by using a mixture catalyst of an acid and a base, so as not to pass through additional neutralization steps, and carries out pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation through an identical single reactor process, thereby having an effect of producing ethanol in an excellent production yield from lignocellulosic biomass while simplifying the total process and reducing equipment costs and total processing costs. 1. A method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass comprising:reacting an acid-base mixture catalyst having a pH value of 1 to 4 with the lignocellulosic biomass.2. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid claim 1 , maleic acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , carbonic acid claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , hydrofluoric acid claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , and citric acid.3. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the base is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , barium hydroxide claim 1 , ammonium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , and ammonia.4. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the acid and the base are mixed at a molar ratio so that the acid-base mixture catalyst has a total concentration of 0.01 to 1 M.5. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the acid-base mixture catalyst is mixed in an amount of 4 to 20% (w/v) by 1 part by weight of the lignocellulosic biomass.6. The method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass according to ...

PRODUCTS EXTRACTED FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Products extracted from black liquor include undissolved carbonized lignin and carbonized black liquor. The products further include solid carbon separated from the black liquor. Black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process is subjected to a hydrothermal carbonization process. Undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor. The remaining carbonized black liquor is fed back into the alkaline fractionation process. The undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor and purified. 1. An undissolved carbonized lignin extracted from black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 60 percent by mass,the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is higher by at least 5 percent by mass than the fraction of the chemical element carbon in an ash-free and dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is a maximum of 10 percent by mass,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is lower by at least 50 percent by mass than the ash fraction of the dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the softening temperature of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 200° C., andthe dry matter content of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 40 percent by mass.2. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 68 percent by mass.3. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fraction of the chemical element carbon ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., by fermentation. 1. A method comprising:mechanically treating a biomass feedstock;irradiating the mechanically treated feedstock with electron beam irradiation;dispersing the irradiated feedstock in a liquid medium; andwet milling the irradiated feedstock.2. The method of wherein mechanically treating comprises a process selected from the group consisting of cutting claim 1 , milling claim 1 , grinding claim 1 , pressing claim 1 , shearing and chopping.3. The method of wherein mechanically treating comprises size reduction.4. The method of wherein mechanically treating comprises milling.5. The method of wherein milling comprises hammer milling.6. The method of wherein the mechanical treatment is performed at ambient temperature.7. The method of wherein the feedstock is cooled prior to claim 1 , during claim 1 , or after the mechanical treatment.8. The method of wherein irradiation comprises delivering a dose of from about 5 Mrad to about 60 Mrad to the mechanically treated material.9. The method of wherein wet milling is performed with a device comprising a rotor/stator.10. The method of wherein the biomass feedstock comprises a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material.11. The method of wherein the biomass feedstock is selected from the group consisting of paper claim 10 , paper products claim 10 , wood claim 10 , wood-related materials claim 10 , grasses claim 10 , switchgrass claim 10 , rice hulls claim 10 , bagasse claim 10 , cotton claim 10 , jute claim 10 , hemp claim 10 , flax claim 10 , bamboo claim 10 , sisal claim 10 , abaca claim 10 , straw claim 10 , corn cobs claim 10 , coconut hair claim 10 , algae claim 10 , seaweed ...

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

Systems and methods for cooling and processing materials are disclosed. 1. A method comprising:grinding or comminuting a biomass material;cooling the ground or comminuted biomass material to 280° K (6.85° C.) or less to reduce the recalcitrance of the material;after cooling, grinding or comminuting the cooled biomass material; andafter the second grinding or comminuting step, processing the material to produce a product that is chemically different from the biomass material.2. The method of wherein processing comprises contacting the material with an enzyme and/or a microorganism.3. The method of wherein the biomass material comprises a lignocellulosic material.4. The method of wherein the material comprises cellulose and contacting the material comprises utilizing an enzyme to saccharify the cellulose.5. The method of further comprising irradiating the biomass material.6. The method of wherein the biomass material has been irradiated prior to cooling.7. The method of wherein cooling is performed in a freeze grinding or freeze milling device.8. The method of wherein contacting the material comprises utilizing a microorganism to produce an alcohol.9. The method of wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol or n-butanol.10. The method of wherein cooling comprises cooling the material to a temperature below the brittle point of the material.11. The method of wherein cooling is performed prior to irradiating.12. The method of further comprising cooling again after irradiating.13. The method of wherein cooling comprises temperature cycling the starting material.14. The method of wherein the biomass material has a bulk density of less than 0.3 g/cm.15. The method of wherein irradiating is performed using an electron beam.16. The method of wherein the biomass material receives a dose of radiation of from about 10 MRad to 100 Mrad.17. The method of wherein the biomass material receives a dose of radiation of from about 30 MRad to 90 MRad.18. The method of wherein the biomass ...

Functionalizing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials

Irradiated lignocellulosic or cellulosic materials are provided which contain carboxylic acid groups and/or other functional groups not present in a naturally occurring cellulosic or lignocellulosic material from which the irradiated material was obtained.

ACETYLATED WOOD

Disclosed is acetylated wood comprising one or more end grain surfaces, wherein the wood is selected from the species Red Alder and European Alder. The acetylation of these wood species surprisingly result s in a lowering of the water absorption by immersion at an end-grain surface. Thus, acetylation can be used for the purpose of lowering the water absorption by immersion at an end-grain surface of wood selected from the group consisting of Red Alder and European Alder. The invention also pertains to wood having tangential surfaces, showing a surprising extent of aggregate rays. Further disclosed is a method of providing stable discoloured acetylated Red Alder [and European Alder], comprising a step of subjecting the acetylated wood to UV exposure. 1. Acetylated wood comprising one or more end grain surfaces , wherein the wood is selected from the species Red Alder and European Alder.2. Acetylated wood in accordance with claim 1 , in the form of a beam or board.3. A wood product selected from the group consisting of doors claim 1 , windows claim 1 , decking claim 1 , cladding (siding) claim 1 , outdoor furniture claim 1 , and boat decking claim 1 , wherein the wood is acetylated wood according to .4. The use of acetylation for the purpose of lowering the water absorption by immersion at an end-grain surface of wood selected from the group consisting of Red Alder and European Alder.5. The use of wood selected from the group consisting of Red Alder and European Alder claim 1 , for the purpose of providing acetylated wood that shows a lower water absorption than the corresponding native wood.6. Acetylated wood comprising one or more tangential surfaces claim 1 , wherein the wood is selected from the species Red Alder and European Alder.7. Acetylated wood selected from the species Red Alder and European Alder claim 1 , obtainable by subjecting the acetylated wood to UV exposure at a level of outdoor exposure for a period of one week to one month. The invention is in ...

METHOD FOR THE MODIFICATION OF WOOD

The invention is directed to a process for the continuous acetylation of wood elements. The process particularly combines a batchwise impregnation step, with a continuous reaction step. In order to realize this, a collection step is built-in, so as to allow batches of impregnated wood elements to be fed into a reactor in a continuous manner. Very high acetylation contents can be obtained, at a level that had not been achievable before in a continuous and non-catalyzed acetylation process. 1. A process for the acetylation of wood elements comprising the following steps:(a) impregnating a plurality of batches of wood elements with an acetylation fluid comprising acetic anhydride and/or acetic acid so as to provide a plurality of batches of impregnated wood elements;(b) collecting said plurality of batches of impregnated wood elements in such a manner as to provide a continuous feed of impregnated wood elements to a Reaction Chamber;(c) subjecting a continuous flow of impregnated wood elements to acetylation reaction conditions in said Reaction Chamber so as to provide a continuous flow of acetylated wood elements exiting said Reaction Chamber.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein collecting the batches of acetylated wood elements is done in a Collection Chamber claim 1 , preferably having a funnel-type geometry.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein excess impregnation liquid is removed from the impregnated wood elements in the Collection Chamber.4. A process for the continuous acetylation of wood elements comprising the following steps:{'sub': test value', 'reference value', 'reference value', 'reference value', 'test value, '(a) providing wood elements impregnated with an acetylation fluid comprising acetic anhydride and/or acetic acid so as to have a Retained Weight Gain (RWG) of at least 20%, RWG being defined as [M(g)−M(g)]/M(g)×100% wherein Mis the mass of a volume of wood elements contained in a glass cylinder, of known empty weight, internal ...

Sustained-release composite particles, method for producing sustained-release composite particles, dry powder, and wallpaper

Sustained-release composite particles having improved dispersion stability and improved sustained-release properties, and exhibiting longer-term effects, a method for producing the sustained-release composite particles, a dry powder comprising the sustained-release composite particles, and wallpaper comprising the sustained-release composite particles. The sustained-release composite particles comprise core particles containing at least one type of polymer and at least one type of functional component, and micronized cellulose coating at least a part of the surface of the core particles, the core particles and the micronized cellulose being inseparable from each other.

Cellulose platelet compositions, methods of preparing cellulose platelet compositions and products comprising same

A composition and method of preparing a composition is presented wherein the composition comprises cellulose platelets and the cellulose platelets comprise at least 60% cellulose by dry weight, less than 10% pectin by dry weight and at least 5% hemicellulose by dry weight. The composition can be concentrated to at least 25% by weight solids content by pressing under low pressure, whilst retaining the ability to be re suspended within an aqueous medium. The resulting aqueous medium obtains the desired properties of the composition, such as increased viscosity or increased dispersion of pigment particles, for example, to the same extent as the composition before pressing.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce a product such as a biofuel. 1. A wet milling system comprising a tank with one or more jet mixer heads and one or more wet milling heads disposed within the tank.2. The system of wherein the one or more wet milling heads comprise a rotor and a stator.3. The system of wherein the rotor and the stator include nesting rings of teeth.4. The system of wherein the stator comprises two or more concentric rings of teeth.5. The system of wherein the clearance between the rotor and the stator is from about 0.01 inch to 0.25 inch (0.25 mm to 6.4 mm).6. The system of wherein the spacing between teeth in each ring of teeth is from about 0.1 inch to 0.3 inch (2.5 mm to 7.6 mm).7. A wet milling system comprising one or more jet mixer heads and one or more wet milling heads in a tank comprising liquid medium having biomass dispersed therein.8. The system of wherein the biomass is selected from the group consisting of wood claim 7 , particle board claim 7 , sawdust claim 7 , agricultural waste claim 7 , sewage claim 7 , silage claim 7 , grasses claim 7 , rice hulls claim 7 , bagasse claim 7 , cotton claim 7 , jute claim 7 , hemp claim 7 , flax claim 7 , bamboo claim 7 , sisal claim 7 , abaca claim 7 , straw claim 7 , wheat straw claim 7 , corn cobs claim 7 , corn stover claim 7 , switchgrass claim 7 , alfalfa claim 7 , hay claim 7 , coconut hair claim 7 , seaweed claim 7 , algae claim 7 , and mixtures thereof.9. The system of wherein the agricultural waste is selected from the group consisting of: rice hulls claim 8 , bagasse claim 8 , straw claim 8 , corn stover and coconut hair.10. The system of wherein the silage is alfalfa.11. The system of wherein the biomass comprises lignocellulosic material.12. The ...

Method and an apparatus for treating plant based raw material with an enzymatic hydrolysis

A method for treating plant based raw material with an enzymatic hydrolysis. The plant based raw material is treated to form lignocellulosic material. The lignocellulosic material or a solid fraction thereof is subjected to the enzymatic hydrolysis. The method includes treating the plant based raw material in at least one treatment stage for forming the lignocellulosic material including over 80% fine solid particles that are fiber-like or indefinable particles smaller than 0.2 mm and the viscosity of the lignocellulosic material is below 18000 mPas at 15% dry matter content. The method further includes subjecting the lignocellulosic material or at least one solid fraction thereof into the enzymatic hydrolysis for forming a lignin based material. The method further includes subjecting the lignin based material into at least one solid-liquid separation stage after the enzymatic hydrolysis and separating a lignin fraction and a soluble carbohydrate containing fraction.

Method for producing chemically modified cellulose fiber

Provided is a method for producing a chemically modified cellulose fiber with which fibrillation can be performed along with sulfation reaction. The method for producing a chemically modified cellulose fiber includes a step (a) of treating a cellulose fiber with sulfamic acid to allow a cellulose fine fiber which is a constituent of the cellulose fiber to react with the sulfamic acid, thereby substituting some of hydroxyl groups of cellulose with a substituent represented by a structural formula (1) below (where M represents a monovalent to trivalent cation), and a step (b) of performing fibrillation simultaneously with the step (a).

POLYMERIC ACID CATALYSTS AND USES THEREOF

Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts. 1. A polymer comprising acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone ,wherein each acidic monomer comprises at least one Bronsted-Lowry acid, andwherein each ionic monomer independently comprises at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group or phosphorous-containing cationic group.2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the Bronsted-Lowry acid at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid claim 1 , phosphonic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , isophthalic acid claim 1 , boronic acid claim 1 , and perfluorinated acid.3. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the acidic monomers are directly connected to the polymeric backbone.4. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the acidic monomers each further comprise a linker connecting the Bronsted-Lowry acid to the polymeric backbone.5. The polymer of claim 4 , wherein the linker at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene claim 4 , unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylene claim 4 , unsubstituted or substituted alkenylene claim 4 , unsubstituted or substituted arylene claim 4 , unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylene claim 4 , unsubstituted or substituted alkylene ether claim 4 , unsubstituted or substituted alkylene ester claim 4 , and unsubstituted or substituted alkylene carbamate.7. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen-containing cationic group at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of pyrrolium claim 1 , imidazolium claim 1 , pyrazolium claim 1 , oxazolium claim 1 , thiazolium claim 1 , pyridinium claim 1 , pyrimidinium claim 1 , pyrazinium claim 1 , pyradizimium claim 1 , thiazinium claim ...

METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND RECOVERING LIGNIN and MELTABLE FLOWABLE BIOLIGNIN POLYMERS

Lignin is recovered from biomass or byproducts from biomass processing through the use of organic solvents and water while modifying the form or composition of the lignin. During the separation and recovery process, the lignin can be modified or integrated into a form which is more suitable for its intended use. As the lignin is suspended or is soluble within the organic solvent, the integration of materials or reactants may be more easily blended or dispersed within the lignin to improve performance, quality and overall production efficiency. 1. A method of recovering lignin from biomass comprising the steps of:mixing biomass with a lignin solvent to form a mixture of biomass and solvent,heating the mixture of biomass and solvent to allow at least a portion of lignin from the biomass to become soluble in the solvent,separating a portion of solids from the lignin solvent,separating an organic layer from the separated lignin solvent,processing the organic layer to recover lignin or a concentrated form or lignin,processing the organic layer or concentrated form of lignin to enhance the processability of the organic layer, and/orprocessing the organic layer or concentrated form of lignin to enhance the properties of the lignin.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is lignocellulosic biomass claim 1 , any form of biomass or agricultural residue claim 1 , agricultural byproduct claim 1 , or any plant based product to include claim 1 , but not limited to wood biomass claim 1 , algae claim 1 , crop residue claim 1 , kraft black liquor claim 1 , recovered kraft lignin claim 1 , lignosulfonate and cellulosic biorefinery byproducts.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin solvent is comprised of a water insoluble claim 1 , non-polar or hydrophobic solvent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin solvent contains n-butanol claim 1 , methyl butenol or mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin solvent is or contains a portion of any ...

METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND RECOVERING LIGNIN and MELTABLE FLOWABLE BIOLIGNIN POLYMERS

Lignin is recovered from biomass or byproducts from biomass processing through the use of organic solvents and water while modifying the form or composition of the lignin. During the separation and recovery process, the lignin can be modified or integrated into a form which is more suitable for its intended use. As the lignin is suspended or is soluble within the organic solvent, the integration of materials or reactants may be more easily blended or dispersed within the lignin to improve performance, quality and overall production efficiency. 1. A method of recovering lignin from biomass comprising the steps of:mixing biomass with a lignin solvent to form a mixture of biomass and solvent,heating the mixture of biomass and solvent to allow at least a portion of lignin from the biomass to become soluble in the solvent,separating a portion of solids from the lignin solvent,separating an organic layer from the separated lignin solvent,processing the organic layer to recover lignin or a concentrated form or lignin,processing the organic layer or concentrated form of lignin to enhance the processibility of the organic layer, and/orprocessing the organic layer or concentrated form of lignin to enhance the properties of the lignin.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is lignocellulosic biomass claim 1 , any form of biomass or agricultural residue claim 1 , agricultural byproduct claim 1 , or any plant based product to include claim 1 , but not limited to wood biomass claim 1 , algae claim 1 , crop residue claim 1 , kraft black liquor claim 1 , recovered kraft lignin claim 1 , lignosulfonate and cellulosic biorefinery byproducts.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin solvent is comprised of a water insoluble claim 1 , non-polar or hydrophobic solvent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin solvent contains n-butanol claim 1 , methyl butenol or mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin solvent is or contains a portion of any ...

ANTI-CRACKING AGENT FOR WATER-BORNE ACRYLIC PAINT AND COATING COMPOSITIONS

This invention relates to water-borne acrylic paints and coatings, especially to agents that can be used to reduce the amount of VOC's to yield satisfactory paints or coatings. It has been found that cellulose based particles, which comprise cell wall material and their networks of cellulose based fibers and nanofibrils can be used to accomplish a reduction in VOCs and at the same time increase hardness and lower cracking of the dried acrylic paints and coatings. It is assumed that the organization of the cellulose fibrils, as it exists in the parenchymal cell walls, is at least partly retained in the cellulose based particles of the invention, even though part of the pectin and hemicellulose is removed there from. 1. A parenchymal cellulose composition , comprising a particulate cellulose material comprising , by dry weight of the particulate cellulose material , (i) at least 70% cellulose , (ii) 0.5-10% pectin and (iii) 1-15% hemicellulose , wherein the particulate material has a volume-weighted median major particle dimension within the range of 25-75 μm , as measured by laser light diffractometry.2. The parenchymal cellulose composition according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate material has a volume-weighted median major particle dimension within the range of 35-65 μm claim 1 , as measured by laser light diffractometry3. The parenchymal cellulose composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% claim 1 , on a volume basis claim 1 , of the particles have a diameter less than 120 μm.4. The parenchymal cellulose composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% claim 1 , on a volume basis claim 1 , of the particles have a diameter less than 110 μm.5. The parenchymal cellulose composition according to claim 1 , wherein the morphology of the particulate cellulose material has cellulose network structures.6. The parenchymal cellulose composition according to claim 1 , comprising less than 10 wt. % of unraveled cellulose nanofibrils.7. A method of ...

Method and system for fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass

Methods and systems for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass including hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, including exploding the biomass cells to devolatilize the biomass, hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to produce a liquid component including hemicellulosic sugars and a solid component including less than 10% hemicellulose, separating the liquid and solid components, vaporizing the cellulose in the solid component, and condensing the cellulosic sugar vapors. The methods and systems may vaporize the cellulose in a continuous steam reactor at a temperature of about 400-550° C. and a pressure of about 1-3 bara. Electromagnetic and/or electroaccoustic treatment such as ultrasound and/or microwave treatment may be applied to the biomass immediately before or during cellulose hydrolysis.

PRODUCING AND ALTERING MICROBIAL FERMENTATION PRODUCTS USING NON-COMMONLY USED LIGNOCELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATES

The invention pertains to a method for synthesizing a product of interest by culturing a microbe that produces the product of interest, the method comprising culturing the microbe in a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is produced by a method comprising the steps of: 1. A method of producing a culture medium , the method comprising:a) providing a lignocellulosic biomass, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises a lignocellulosic compound,b) hydrolyzing the lignocellulosic biomass to produce a lignocellulosic hydrolysate, wherein the lignocellulosic hydrolysate comprises a simplified sugar produced from at least a portion of the lignocellulosic compound,c) optionally, separating the lignocellulosic hydrolysate into a first portion and a second portion and treating the second portion of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate to convert a portion of the lignocellulosic compound and/or the simplified sugar to a non-sugar agent;d) optionally, mixing the treated second portion of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate comprising the non-sugar agent with the first portion of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate,e) producing a culture medium comprising the lignocellulosic hydrolysate obtained after step b) or comprising the mixture obtained after steps c) and d).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-sugar agent is an organic acid claim 1 , an alcohol claim 1 , a micronutrient claim 1 , a salt claim 1 , a saponifiable or fatty acid compound claim 1 , a furfural claim 1 , a process water claim 1 , a protein claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of treating the second portion of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate comprises culturing the second portion with a microbe that converts the portion of the lignocellulosic compound to the non-sugar agent.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid claim 2 , propionic acid claim 2 , citric acid claim 2 , fumaric acid claim 2 , glycolic acid claim 2 , lactic acid claim 2 , ...

A Method for Producing High-activity Lignin and By-product Furfural and Application

A method for producing high-activity lignin and by-product furfural and an application, includes: using a dissolving pulp pre-hydrolysate and/or sulfite cooking liquor as the raw material, and catalyzing by employing an acid as a catalyst to obtain the lignin and furfural, wherein the acid is one or a combination of at least two of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. According to the method, the yield of the obtained lignin and furfural is further increased by catalyzing the dissolving pulp pre-hydrolysate and/or the sulfite cooking liquor with the acid. Lignin especially has higher reactivity and low molecular weight, and the ratio of 5-methyl furfural in furfural to furfural is in a proper range, so that the strength of furan resin prepared from furfural is improved.

Method for preparing a mixture of monosaccharides and/or of oligosaccharides and/or of polysaccharides via purification of a hydrolysate of lignocellulosic materials

The reuse of the sugars from the by-products of the paper and cellulose industries and lignocellulosic biorefineries and facilitating the extraction and the purification of the sugars contained in the hydrolysates of wood. A method for preparing a mixture of monosaccharides and/or of oligosaccharides and/or of polysaccharides via purification of a hydrolysate of lignocellulosic materials, said hydrolysate comprising hemicelluloses in the form of monomers, of oligomers, and optionally of polymers. The method includes at least one step of oxidation of said hydrolysate with at least one oxidant. This method allows a mixture of monosaccharides and/or of oligosaccharides and/or of polysaccharides to be obtained having a reduced quantity of furfural and/or of hydroxymethylfurfural and comprising polymers having a reduced mass molecular in weight and/or in number.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials. 1. A method comprising:depositing a biomass material, in particulate form, on a trough of a vibratory conveyor;vibrating the vibratory conveyor and cooling the biomass material, while conveying the biomass material; andexposing the biomass material on the vibratory conveyor to ionizing radiation in the form of at least one electron beam through at least one corresponding opening in the conveyor cover.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling the biomass material comprises cooling the trough.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comminuting the biomass prior to exposing the biomass to the ionizing radiation.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein comminuting is selected from the group consisting of shearing claim 3 , chopping claim 3 , grinding claim 3 , hammermilling and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 3 , and more than 80% of the particles have at least one dimension that is less than about 0.25 inches.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 3 , and no more than 5% of the particles are less than 0.03 inches in their greatest dimension.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is irradiated with 10 to 200 Mrad of radiation.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is exposed to more than one dose of radiation utilizing multiple accelerating heads to expose the biomass to a plurality of scanning electron beams while the biomass is being conveyed on the vibratory conveyor claim 1 , each scanning electron beam being delivered through a corresponding opening in the cover.9. The method of claim 1 ...

PROCESS FOR THE RAPID HYDROLYSIS OF HIGH SOLIDS BIOMASS

The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of 1. A process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprising the steps ofA) contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock of a feedstock stream, the ligno-cellulosic feedstock comprised of a ligno-cellulosic biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, wherein the dry content comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and the weight percent of the cellulose in the dry content is greater than 5 weight percent of the dry content, the solvent comprises water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the cellulose in the feedstock;B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent in the presence of a catalyst composition for the hydrolysis of the cellulose comprising at least one cellulase enzyme, at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 100° C. to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the weight of the solvent contacted with the feedstock to the weight of the feedstock is in the range of 40:60 to 90:10.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the weight of the solvent contacted with the feedstock to the weight of the feedstock is greater than 0.8:1.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the weight of the cellulose plus hydrolysis products of cellulose in the solvent to the weight of the cellulose in the ligno-cellulosic feedstock is greater than the ratio of 1:1.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the catalyst composition is contacted with the feedstock before contacting the feedstock with at least a portion of the solvent.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of the catalyst composition is contacted with the feedstock before contacting the feedstock with at ...

PROCESS FOR PARTIAL DELIGNIFICATION AND FILLING OF A LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL, AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL STRUCTURE ABLE TO BE OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS

The invention relates to a process for treating a lignocellulosic material, preferably wood, comprising the following steps: (1) soaking of the material with organic fluid in order to dissolve at least 40% and at most 85%, in weight %, of the lignin of the material; (2) washing with organic fluid so as to discharge the dissolved lignin; (3) filling with a filling compound; and (4) finishing, so as to obtain a composite formed of a three-dimensional network of transformed filling compound incorporated into a cellulose and lignin network. The invention also relates to a composite structure able to be obtained in this way, and to any part comprising at least one such structure. 1. A treatment process for treating a structure of lignocellulosic material , comprising:(a) soaking the structure of lignocellulosic material with at least one fluid to dissolve at least 40% and at most 85% by weight % of the lignin present in the material;(b) washing the structure resulting from (a) with at least one fluid so as to discharge the dissolved lignin, so as to produce a partially delignified structure;(c) filling the partially delignified structure with at least one filling compound, so as to produce a filled partially delignified structure; and(d) finishing the filled partially delignified structure, so as to obtain a composite material structure formed of a three-dimensional network of transformed filling compound incorporated in a network of cellulose and lignin.2. The treatment process according to claim 1 , wherein the structure of lignocellulosic material is a trimming member claim 1 , a finishing member or a structure member.3. The treatment process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid used in (a) is:an aqueous solution comprising a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide, or an aqueous liquid comprising monoethanolamine, or a basic solution comprising KOH;{'sub': 2', '4', '3', '4, 'an aqueous solution comprising a mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, or ...

TREATED POROUS MATERIAL

A treated cellulosic material comprising a cellulosic material having a porous structure defining a plurality of pores, at least a portion of the pores containing a treating agent comprising a polymer comprising a sulfopolyester polymer. The present disclosure further describes a method for preparing a treated cellulosic material comprising (a) providing a cellulosic material; and (b) a first treatment protocol comprising impregnating the cellulosic material with an aqueous dispersion comprising a polymer, the polymer comprising a sulfopolyester polymer. 1. A treated cellulosic material comprising:a cellulosic material having a porous structure defining a plurality of pores, at least a portion of the pores containing a treating agent comprising a polymer, the polymer comprising a sulfopolyester polymer.2. The treated cellulosic material of claim 1 , wherein the sulfopolyester polymer comprises claim 1 , in polymerized form claim 1 , a dicarboxylic acid claim 1 , a polyhydroxy compound claim 1 , and claim 1 , a difunctional sulfomonomer.3. The treated cellulosic material of claim 2 , wherein the difunctional sulfomonomer comprises at least one sulfonate group attached to an aromatic nucleus having two functional groups.4. The treated cellulosic material of claim 3 , wherein each of the two functional groups are selected from the list consisting of hydroxyl claim 3 , carboxyl or amino functional groups.5. The treated cellulosic material of any one of - claim 3 , wherein the difunctional sulfomonomer is selected from the group consisting of 5-(sodiosulfo)isophthalic acid claim 3 , 5-(lithiosulfo)-isophthalic acid claim 3 , and the methyl esters thereof or a mixture thereof.6. The treated cellulosic material of claim 2 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid comprises one or more of aromatic claim 2 , saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids claim 2 , or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids.7. The treated cellulosic material of claim 2 , wherein the polyhydroxy compound comprises a ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS ACETYLATION OF WOOD ELEMENTS

The present invention relates to a method for continuous acetylation of wood elements. The acetylation is conducted with an acetylation medium at a pressure of at least 1.5 barg in a substantially oxygen free environment. Alternatively, the method according to the invention comprises the steps of: (a) feeding wood elements in a substantially oxygen free environment to a continuous acetylation reactor, and (b) treating the wood elements with an acetylation medium in the continuous acetylation reactor under wood acetylation reaction conditions, at a pressure of at least 1.5 barg. 1. Method for continuous acetylation of wood elements , wherein the acetylation is conducted with an acetylation medium under wood acetylation reaction conditions at a pressure of at least 1.5 barg in a substantially oxygen free environment.2. Method for continuous acetylation of wood elements comprising the steps of:(a) feeding wood elements in a substantially oxygen free environment to a continuous acetylation reactor,(b) treating the wood elements with an acetylation medium in the continuous acetylation reactor under wood acetylation reaction conditions, at a pressure of at least 1.5 barg.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the oxygen content in the acetylation reactor is less than 0.8 vol. %.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the oxygen content of the wood elements fed to the acetylation reactor is less than 0.8 vol. %.5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising removing oxygen from the wood elements before the acetylation reaction claim 1 , preferably by applying vacuum level of 100 mbar or less to the wood elements.6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the acetylation medium is supplied to the reactor in both gaseous and liquid form.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the liquid is contacted with the wood elements claim 6 , preferably by spraying.8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the wood elements after the removal of oxygen are brought ...

Processes for producing lignin-coated hydrophobic cellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity, hydrophobic cellulose. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and depositing lignin onto cellulose fibers to produce lignin-coated cellulose materials (such as dissolving pulp). The crystallinity of the cellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the hydrophobic cellulose to form completely renewable composites.

METHOD FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BY IMPREGNATION

The invention relates to a process for treating lignocellulosic biomass by means of an acidic liquor in order to produce “second-generation” (G) sugary liquors. These sugary liquors may be used to produce other products via a biochemical pathway (e.g. alcohols such as ethanol, butanol or other molecules, for example solvents such as acetone, etc.). This process comprises analysis of the liquid streams withdrawn during the process and adjustment of the composition of the impregnation liquor so as to keep the acidic power of said streams constant. 1. A process for the continuous treatment of a lignocellulosic biomass for the production of sugary liquors , comprising the following steps:a) impregnating the biomass using an impregnation liquor with a pH of between 0.1 and 7, by placing said biomass in contact with said impregnation liquor,b) separating the impregnated biomass obtained in step a) so as to produce a wet biomass with a solids content of at least 15% by weight, and a separated liquor,c) pretreating the wet biomass obtained in step b) to produce a pretreated biomass, in the course of which one or more liquid streams are withdrawn,characterized in that it comprisesd) analysis of the composition of the liquor separated out obtained from step b) and/or of one or more of the liquid streams withdrawn during the biomass pretreatment, and{'sup': '+', 'e) adjustment of the composition of the impregnation liquor used in step a) so as to keep constant the acidic power, corresponding to the amount of H ions present, of said liquor separated out obtained from step b) and/or of said liquid streams withdrawn during the biomass pretreatment, throughout the process.'}2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the impregnation liquor comprises at least one acid claim 1 , and optionally water.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a step of preparing the impregnation liquor prior to the impregnation step a).4. The process ...

Conversion of Biomass

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, especially, xylose, which can then be chemically converted to furfural and furfural-derived products.

Method For Producing Low Molecular Weight Aromatic Lignin-Derived Compounds

The present invention relates to a method for producing one or more low molecular weight aromatic lignin-derived compounds. The method preferably comprises providing lignocellulosic material, subjecting the lignocellulosic material to a pulping process, separating pulp to provide a substantially pulp-free process stream comprising a modified lignin-derived component, isolating the modified lignin-derived component, subjecting the isolated modified lignin-derived component to a decomposition step comprising oxidative cracking (cracking and oxidizing) or reducing under the influence of a catalyst or electro-oxidation, and subjecting the resulting products to an isolation step, to provide a low molecular weight aromatic lignin-derived compound. Said compound may be further modified, e.g. by annulation. The inventive method preferably comprises further oxidizing said compound to a redox active compound. Additionally, the present invention relates to compounds obtainable by the inventive method and to an assembly for carrying out the inventive method. Furthermore, the present invention refers to a method for providing an existing pulp and/or paper manufacturing plant with said assembly. 1. A method for producing at least one low molecular weight aromatic lignin-derived compound , the method comprising the steps of(A) providing lignocellulosic material, preferably chopped lignocellulosic material;(B) subjecting the lignocellulosic material to a pulping process;(C) separating cellulose obtained in step (B) in a pulp separating step from the process stream obtainable from step (B), to provide a substantially cellulose-free process stream, wherein the process stream comprises modified lignin-derived components, hemicellulose and/or fragments thereof; wherein the process stream is provided as one single process stream or as at least two partial process streams; (D.1) in the process stream of step (C) or,', '(D.2) in at least one of the at least two partial process streams in ...

PROCESS FOR PARTIAL DELIGNIFICATION AND FILLING OF A LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL, AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL STRUCTURE ABLE TO BE OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS

The invention relates to a process for treating a lignocellulosic material, e.g., wood, comprising the following steps: providing a lignocellulosic material; removing at least some but less than all lignin from the lignocellulosic material to yield a delignified structure; and densifying the delignified structure to yield the delignified, densified material, wherein the delignified, densified material is equal in size or is smaller in size relative to the lignocellulosic material provided; where densifying may include contacting said delignified structure, at least in part, with at least one fluid at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The invention also relates to a composite structure able to be obtained in this way, and to any part comprising at least one such structure.

CELLULOSE ACETATE FILM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE ACETATE FILM

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a cellulose acetate film having excellent bending properties and high transparency. The subject cellulose acetate film contains cellulose acetate having a cellulose triacetate I crystal structure, the cellulose acetate film having a light transmittance of 70% or higher at 660 nm.

Method for separating lignin from black liquor

A method was developed for: a) improving the filterability of acid-precipitated lignin from kraft black liquors, b) increasing the dry solids content of the final lignin product, c) reducing the acid requirements and d) minimizing or eliminating TRS emissions during the acidification of black liquor to produce lignin and/or the subsequent suspension of the lignin in acid and/or the washing of the lignin with acid. No major difference in the chemical composition, MWD and main functional groups was found in the lignin of the present invention compared with lignins produced by conventional methods.

Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods and systems can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. The methods and systems can further include a further hydrotreatment step configured for additional lignin conversion and/or a further hydrotreatment step configured for generating hydrogen.

Process for liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass

Methods and systems are provided for improved liquefaction of a lignocellulosic biomass. The methods include reacting a lignocellulosic biomass slurry at mild conditions for a short period to produce a first reaction mixture having a reduced viscosity as compared to the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and that is substantially free of levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. The methods further include separating the first reaction mixture into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the solid fraction having a majority of lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and the liquid fraction having a majority of hemicellulose and greater than about 30% by weight of cellulose from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry. The method advantageously prevents or eliminates the formation of tar and/or char.

PROCESS FOR ACETYLATION OF WOOD IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ACETYLATION CATALYST

The present invention describes a process for the acetylation of wood comprising treating wood with an acetylation agent comprising acetic anhydride and/or acetic acid and subjecting to acetylation conditions, wherein the acetylation reaction is carried out in the presence of an acetylation catalyst comprising a salt of an organic acid, wherein the organic acid is a carboxylic acid, phenol or a substituted phenol, wherein the carboxylic acid is chosen from the list consisting of aromatic carboxylic acids, medium chain saturated monocarboxylic acids, keto acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, amino acids and derivatives thereof. 1. Process for the acetylation of wood comprising treating wood with an acetylation agent comprising acetic anhydride and/or acetic acid and subjecting to acetylation conditions , wherein the acetylation reaction is carried out in the presence of an acetylation catalyst comprising a salt of an organic acid , wherein the organic acid is a carboxylic acid , phenol or a substituted phenol , wherein the carboxylic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acids , medium chain saturated monocarboxylic acids , keto acids , dicarboxylic acids , tricarboxylic acids , alpha-hydroxy acids , beta-hydroxy acids , amino acids and derivatives thereof.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the salt is a metal salt.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the medium chain saturated monocarboxylic acid is octanoic acid or decanoic acid.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ketoacid is acetoacetic acid.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic carboxylic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid claim 1 , 4-chloro-benzoic acid claim 1 , p-anisic acid claim 1 , toluolic acid claim 1 , anthranilic acid claim 1 , salicylic acid claim 1 , and derivatives thereof.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid is ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials. 1. A method comprising:depositing a controlled stream of a biomass material, in particulate form, on a trough of a covered vibratory conveyor using a spreader, the biomass material covering only a portion of a width of the trough;vibrating the vibratory conveyor, while conveying the biomass material a distance such that the biomass material spreads out to cover substantially the entire width of the trough; and thenexposing the biomass material on the vibratory conveyor to ionizing radiation in the form of a scanning electron beam through an opening in the conveyor cover.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comminuting the biomass prior to exposing the biomass to the ionizing radiation.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein comminuting is selected from the group consisting of shearing claim 2 , chopping claim 2 , grinding claim 2 , hammermilling and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 2 , and more than 80% of the particles have at least one dimension that is less than about 0.25 inches.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 2 , and no more than 5% of the particles are less than 0.03 inches in their greatest dimension.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is irradiated with 10 to 200 Mrad of radiation.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is exposed to more than one dose of radiation.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biomass is exposed to a plurality of scanning electron beams while being conveyed on the vibratory conveyor.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass material ...

Solvolysis of biomass using solvent from a bioreforming process

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

METHOD OF PROCESSING SEAWEED AND RELATED PRODUCTS

There is described a process for obtaining a target chemical species, in particular alginate and/or cellulose, from seaweed. The process comprises the steps of:(i) providing a seaweed portion; (ii) bleaching the seaweed portion; and (iii) extracting the target chemical species from the seaweed portion; wherein the bleaching comprises a neutral or alkaline bleaching step, the neutral or alkaline bleaching step comprising using a bleaching composition under neutral or alkaline conditions. The neutral or alkaline bleaching step may precede the extraction step. Also described is alginate, an alginate salt, alginic acid, an alginic acid salt, an alginate derivative, an alginate derivative salt, cellulose, and/or a cellulose derivative obtained by the process. 160-. (canceled)62. A process as claimed in claim 61 , wherein the bleaching comprises a second neutral or alkaline bleaching step claim 61 , the second neutral or alkaline bleaching step comprising using a bleaching composition under neutral or alkaline conditions claim 61 , optionally wherein the second neutral or alkaline bleaching step follows the extraction step.63. A process as claimed in claim 61 , wherein the neutral or alkaline bleaching step is an alkaline bleaching step comprising using a bleaching composition under alkaline conditions claim 61 , wherein optionally the alkaline bleaching step is carried out at a pH of between approximately 8.5 and approximately 10.5.64. A process as claimed in claim 61 , wherein the neutral or alkaline bleaching step is carried out at a temperature of between approximately 30° C. and approximately 50° C.65. A process as claimed in claim 61 , wherein the neutral or alkaline bleaching step is carried for between approximately 2 minutes and approximately 30 minutes.66. A process as claimed in claim 61 , wherein the neutral or alkaline bleaching composition comprises one or more of: a compound comprising a peroxide group claim 61 , a compound comprising a peroxy acid group ...

Treated porous material

The present disclosure describes a treated cellulosic material comprising: a cellulosic material having a porous structure defining a plurality of pores, at least a portion of the pores containing a treating agent comprising: a polymer comprising an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer; and a modifying agent comprising a polyamine having greater than or equal to 2 amine groups, wherein the modifying agent crosslinks at least a portion of the polymer.