METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE TORREFACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

A method for torrefaction of biomass using a torrefaction reactor vessel having stacked trays including: feeding the biomass to an upper inlet of the vessel; cascading the biomass down through the trays by passing the biomass through an opening in each of the trays to deposit the biomass on a lower tray; heating the biomass material with an oxygen deprived gas; extracting moisture from below each of the upper trays; as the biomass undergoes torrefaction in the lower trays retaining the gas with the biomass until the biomass falls from the stacked trays to a pile of biomass in the reactor vessel; exhausting gases containing organic compounds through a gas outlet at an elevation between the stacked trays and the pile of biomass, and discharging torrefied biomass from the torrefaction reactor vessel. 1. A torrefaction reactor vessel configured for subjecting biomass to a torrefaction process , the reactor comprising:inlet nozzles injecting an oxygen deprived gas into the vessel, wherein the gas temperature of the oxygen deprived gas injected through the nozzles at upper elevations in the vessel is lower than the gas temperature of the oxygen deprived gas injected through the inlet nozzles at lower elevations;a rotatable shaft extending vertically down into the vessel;a stack of scrapers and trays extending into the vessel from the top plate, wherein each scraper is fixed to and rotates with the shaft and is immediately above an associated stationary tray, each tray is perforated to allow passage of gas and block passage of biomass and has an opening through which biomass falls;the stack includes a gas extraction chamber at an elevation below one of the trays and above one of the scrapers, wherein the gas extraction chamber receives the gas passing through the one of the trays and includes a gas extraction port to exhaust gas passing through the tray;the stack includes a plurality of lower scrapers and trays which are below the gas extraction chamber and have no gas ...

VERTICAL PYROLYSIS EQUIPMENT FOR COAL MATERIAL

Disclosed is a vertical pyrolysis equipment for coal material, which comprises an enclosed kiln body with an inlet and an outlet, a flame-gas heating pipelines provided inside the kiln body, coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage formed between the flame-gas heating pipelines and inner wall of the kiln body, coal pyrolysis gas collecting tube communicated with the coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage provided on the kiln. The heat generated by flame-gas heating pipelines is conducted and radiated to coal powder in the coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage. The coal powder sufficiently absorbs the heat and is pyrolyzed into fuel gas, tar gas and coal with high heat value inside the coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage. The pyrolyzed fuel gas and tar gas are transferred to the gas dedusting-liquifying mechanism outside the kiln through the connecting coal pyrolysis gas collecting tube for collecting, dedusting, separating and high-pressure liquefying. 1. A vertical pyrolysis equipment for coal material comprising:an enclosed kiln body with an inlet and an outlet, a flame-gas heating pipelines provided inside the shaft kiln body, a coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage formed between the flame-gas heating pipelines and inner wall of the kiln body, a coal pyrolysis gas collecting tube communicated with the coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage provided on the kiln, wherein the coal pyrolysis gas collecting tube is connected with a gas dust-traping and liquefying device which is arranged outside the kiln body, and the flame-gas heating pipelines is rotatably arranged relative to the shaft kiln body and a rotary scraper is arranged in the inner wall of the kiln body.2. The vertical pyrolysis equipment for coal material according to claim 1 , wherein the flame-gas heating pipelines comprise a fuel supply pipe claim 1 , an air supply pipe claim 1 , a combustion chamber and radiator pipes for flame-gas claim 1 , and ...

METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING COKE DURING INDIRECTLY HEATED GASIFICATION

Method and equipment for producing coke (PC) during indirectly heated gasification, in which coal particles are supplied to a gasification reactor () and process gas (P) supplied during the gasification is reduced in it to synthesis gas (S), whereby the synthesis gas (S) is removed from the gasification reactor (). The method is distinguished in that at the same time a gasification takes place, a coking of coal takes place in an inner reactor () arranged inside the gasification reactor (), that the inner reactor () is indirectly heated, that coke (PC) and combustible gases are produced in the inner reactor () during the coking, and that the combustible gases are used for the indirect heating in the gasification in the gasification reactor (). 11141441. A method for producing coke (PC) during indirectly heated gasification , in which coal particles are supplied to a gasification reactor () and that process gas (P) supplied during the gasification is reduced in it to synthesis gas (S) , whereby the synthesis gas (S) is removed from the gasification reactor () , characterized in that at the same time a gasification takes place , a coking of coal takes place in an inner reactor () arranged inside the gasification reactor () , that the inner reactor () is indirectly heated , that coke (PC) and combustible gases are produced in the inner reactor () during the coking , and that the combustible gases are used for the indirect heating in the gasification in the gasification reactor ().2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the process gas (P) is preheated by heat exchange of the synthesis gas (S).34. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the inner reactor () is indirectly heated.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that during the coking the coal gives off combustible gases that are utilized.514. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the temperature in the gasification reactor () and the inner reactor ...

HIGH PRODUCTIVITY THERMO ENERGY SIMPLIFIED BIO-COKES FURNACE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH CARBON CHARCOAL

A process and a business method for converting wood waste to charcoal have been invented. Multiple high productive thermo energy simplified bio-cokes furnaces create an outlet discharging the earned volatile gas and the wood tar from the carbonization device. By taking back the gas and the wood tar mixed with the air into the furnace, the present invention produces evenly distributed heat with higher energy productivity. The present invention adopts different Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE) for the top opening zone and the carbonization chamber, to avoid transmittal of oxygen from outside the furnace. Charcoal produced with a reduced energy use by the present invention can replace bio-cokes produced from general waste incineration. Through the creation of higher carbon charcoal, the present invention introduces a source of environment-friendly, cost effective and sustainable heat use. Accordingly, the present invention proposes promising business models both to the suppliers and the consumers. 1. A bio-coke furnace comprising:a carbonization chamber formed with an opening sized to receive cellulose waste;a top sized to seal said carbonization chamber;a combustion chamber within said carbonization chamber and having a volatile gas burner;a guide pipe passing from the atmosphere to said carbonization chamber;a first valve along said guide pipe configured to selectively interrupt passage of gasses therethrough;a flue extending from said combustion chamber and in gaseous communication with an adjacent furnace; anda second valve along said flue configured to selectively interrupt passage of combustion gasses therethrough.2. The bio-coke furnace of claim 1 , further comprising a tuyere configured to supply combustion gas to said combustion chamber during combustion.3. The bio-coke furnace of claim 1 , further comprising said carbonization chamber having an outer surface; andan insulation later covering said outer surface of said carbonization chamber.4. The bio- ...

Utilization of a coke oven featuring improved heating properties

A coke oven of a horizontal construction of the non-recovery or heat recovery type is shown. The oven has at least one coking chamber, in which laterally vertical downcomers as well as horizontal bottom flues extend underneath the coking chamber for indirect reheating of the coking chamber. At least a part of the interior walls of the coking chamber is configured as a secondary heating source by coating it with a high-emission coating (HEB) that shows an emission degree equal to or higher than 0.9, and consists of the substances CrOor FeOor a mixture containing these substances, with the portion of FeOamounting to at least 25% by weight in the mixture, and with the portion of CrOamounting to at least 20% by weight in the mixture. 1. Utilization of one or more coke ovens of horizontal construction of the type non-recovery or heat-recovery , consisting of at least one coking chamber , laterally arranged vertical downcomers as well as bottom flues arranged horizontally and underneath the coking chamber for indirect reheating of said coking chamber , wherein at least a part of the interior walls of the coking chamber is configured as secondary heating surfaces by coating them with a high-emission coating , with the emission degree of this high-emission coating being equal to or higher than 0.9.2. Utilization according to claim 1 , wherein coal carbonization is carried out at a mean oven room temperature of 1 claim 1 ,000 to 1 claim 1 ,400° C.3. A method of using one or more coke ovens of horizontal construction of the type non-recovery or heat-recovery claim 1 , each coke oven consisting of at least one coking chamber claim 1 , laterally arranged vertical downcomers as well as bottom flues arranged horizontally and underneath the coking chamber for indirect reheating of said coking chamber claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the interior walls of the coking chamber is configured as secondary heating surfaces by coating them with a high-emission coating claim 1 , with ...

WASTE MATERIAL CONVERTER USING ROTARY DRUM

An apparatus for controlled pyrolysis of waste material includes an elongate, perforated rotary drum lined with refractory material, having a longitudinal axis of rotation, and forming a chamber to receive and decompose the waste material. The drum includes a cylindrical metal exterior which has numerous apertures distributed over its cylindrical surface provided for passage of a limited amount of process air into the chamber. A mechanism is provided for supporting the drum for rotation about the longitudinal axis. An external shell encloses the rotary drum and prevents external ambient air from flowing through the apertures and into the chamber. Air distribution housings are distributed along the length of the rotary drum and form air distribution chambers each of which is enclosed except on an inner side of the chamber. This inner side is open for delivery of process air through a selected portion of apertures in the metal exterior. 1. Apparatus for controlled pyrolysis of waste material comprising:a rotary drum arrangement including a rotatable drum having a cylindrical perforated wall lined with perforated refractory material, first and second drum ends, an inlet for said waste material, and outlet means for end products of the pyrolysis process, said rotary drum having a central, longitudinal axis of rotation and forming an interior chamber to receive, cascade and decompose waste material, said perforated wall having numerous apertures distributed over its surface for passage of process air into said interior chamber;a drive system operably connected to said rotatable drum in order to rotate same;a shell enclosing said rotary drum arrangement and forming an outer sealed chamber extending about said rotatable drum, said shell adapted to prevent external ambient air from flowing through said apertures and into the interior chamber;non-rotatable air distribution housings mounted in said shell in said outer sealed chamber and distributed along said rotatable drum ...

THERMAL CRACKER DEVICE

A thermal cracker device includes an outer furnace and a thermal cracking furnace accommodated in the outer furnace. The outer surface of the thermal cracking furnace and the inner surface of the outer furnace define a space. The outer surface of the thermal cracking furnace has a fin structure to define an air flow channel in the space. 1. A thermal cracker device , comprising:an outer furnace; anda thermal cracking furnace being accommodated in the outer furnace;wherein an outer surface of the thermal cracking furnace is provided with a fin structure, a space is defined between an outer side of the thermal cracking furnace and an inner side of the outer furnace, an air flow channel is defined in the space by the fin structure.2. The thermal cracker device according to claim 1 , wherein the fin structure is formed as spiral shape.3. The thermal cracker device according to claim 1 , wherein the fin structure is formed as lateral type or vertical type.4. The thermal cracker device according to claim 1 , wherein the fine structure is electrical couple type fin structure.5. The thermal cracker device according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a wall thickness of the thermal cracking furnace to a width of the fin structure is 1:2 to 1:128.6. The thermal cracker device according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the wall thickness of the thermal cracking furnace to the width of the fin structure is 1:32.7. The thermal cracker device according to claim 2 , wherein a slope of the fin structure is between ±(0.015 to 0.23).8. The thermal cracker device according to claim 2 , wherein the fin structure has at least two segments with different slopes.9. The thermal cracker device according to claim 1 , wherein the outer furnace has at least one cooling opening.10. The thermal cracker device according to claim 9 , wherein the outer furnace has a first cooling opening and a second cooling opening claim 9 , the first cooling opening and the second cooling opening are situated on two ...

Method and apparatus for volatile matter sharing in stamp-charged coke ovens

A volatile matter sharing system includes a first stamp-charged coke oven, a second stamp-charged coke oven, a tunnel fluidly connecting the first stamp-charged coke oven to the second stamp-charged coke oven, and a control valve positioned in the tunnel for controlling fluid flow between the first stamp-charged coke oven and the second stamp-charged coke oven.

REDUCED OUTPUT RATE COKE OVEN OPERATION WITH GAS SHARING PROVIDING EXTENDED PROCESS CYCLE

The present technology is generally directed to systems and methods of controlling or reducing the output rate of a coke oven through gas sharing providing an extended process cycle. In some embodiments, a method of gas sharing between coke ovens to decrease a coke production rate includes operating a plurality of coke ovens to produce coke and heated exhaust gases. In some embodiments, a first coke oven is offset in operation cycle from a second coke oven. The method further includes directing the heated exhaust gases from the first coke oven to the second coke oven while the second coke oven is mid-cycle. The heat transfer allows the second coke oven to extend its cycle while staying above a critical operating temperature. By extending the operational cycle while generally maintaining output per cycle, overall production is decreased. 1. A method of gas sharing between coke ovens to decrease a coke production rate , the method comprising:operating a plurality of coke ovens to produce coke and exhaust gases, wherein each coke oven comprises an uptake damper adapted to control an oven draft in the coke oven, and wherein a first coke oven is offset in operation cycle from a second coke oven;directing the exhaust gases from the first coke oven to a shared gas duct that is in communication with the first coke oven and the second coke oven; andbiasing the draft in the ovens to move the exhaust gas from the first coke oven to the second coke oven via the shared gas duct to transfer heat from the first coke oven to the second coke oven.2. The method of wherein operating a plurality of coke ovens comprises operating the first coke oven and the second coke oven on opposite operating cycles claim 1 , wherein the first coke oven begins an operating cycle when the second coke oven is approximately halfway through an operating cycle.3. The method of wherein directing the exhaust gases from the first coke oven to a shared gas duct comprises directing the exhaust gases from the ...

PYROLYSIS OR GASIFICATION APPARATUS AND METHOD

A pyrolysis apparatus having a heating system adapted to heat a first gas enclosure, wherein a gas path within the heated enclosure is helical or spherical. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in a gaseous mixture. 1. A pyrolysis apparatus , comprising:a pyrolysis unit having a pyrolysis region and a gas exit passage;a first gas enclosure coupled to the gas exit passage such that a gaseous mixture can be directed from the pyrolysis unit to the gas enclosure, wherein the gas enclosure is a pipe having a spiral insert and wherein a gas path within the first gas enclosure is helical or spiral; anda heating system adapted to heat the first gas enclosure to a temperature sufficient for the gaseous mixture to undergo a pyrolysis process.2. A pyrolysis apparatus , comprising:a pyrolysis unit having a pyrolysis region and a gas exit passage;a first gas enclosure coupled to the gas exit passage such that a gaseous mixture can be directed from the pyrolysis unit to the gas enclosure, wherein the first gas enclosure includes a frustoconical shell having a gas input pipe connected thereto, the gas input pipe being inclined at a radius of the first gas enclosure, and wherein a gas path within the first gas enclosure is helical or spiral; anda heating system adapted to heat the first gas enclosure to a temperature sufficient for the gaseous mixture to undergo a pyrolysis process.3. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first gas enclosure includes an extension portion having parallel claim 2 , or substantially parallel claim 2 , walls extending from a widest circumference of the frustoconical shell.4. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the frustoconical shell has a smaller diameter end positioned below a larger diameter end.5. The pyrolysis apparatus of wherein the heating system is adapted to heat the pyrolysis region.6. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first gas enclosure is located within the heating system.7. The pyrolysis ...

RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WOOD WASTES

A method and an apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value is disclosed. The apparatus includes a continuous converter () for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants. The continuous converter includes a reaction chamber () for producing a solid carbon-containing product, a gas product, and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber, via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms. 1. An apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value , the apparatus including a continuous converter for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants , with the continuous converter including a reaction chamber for producing a solid carbon-containing product , a gas product , and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber , via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms , an inlet for supplying the feed material to the reaction chamber , an assembly for moving the feed material through the reaction chamber from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the chamber counter-current to the flow of gas generated in the chamber as a consequence of drying or other reactions in the chamber , and separate outlets for the solid carbon-containing product , the gas product , and optionally the liquid water product from the reaction chamber , with the apparatus being adapted to decompose organic material contaminants in the wood wastes and to incorporate the decomposed forms into useful products , and with the apparatus being adapted to deport heavy metal contaminants to the solid carbon-containing product.2. The apparatus defined in wherein the continuous converter includes an assembly for establishing a temperature profile in the reaction chamber that includes the following zones extending successively along the length of the reaction ...

PROCESSES FOR CONTROLLING AFTERBURN IN A REHEATER AND FOR CONTROLLING LOSS OF ENTRAINED SOLID PARTICLES IN COMBUSTION PRODUCT FLUE GAS

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fluidizing dense bed. 1. A process for pyrolysis of a carbonaceous biomass feedstock , the process comprising the steps of:pyrolyzing carbonaceous biomass feedstock using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles;introducing the spent heat transfer medium into a fluidized dense bed and combusting the combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidized dense bed, the combustion product flue gas comprising flue gas and solid particles entrained therein; andseparating the solid particles from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles and returning at least a portion of the separated solid particles to the fluidized dense bed.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of introducing spent heat transfer medium comprises introducing spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles mixed with inert solid particles claim 1 , catalytic solid particles claim 1 , or both.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of introducing spent heat transfer medium comprises introducing the ...

System and Method for Pyrolysis of a Biomass

A system for pyrolysis of a biomass including a furnace and a reactor. The furnace includes a combustion chamber. The furnace configured for generating thermal energy from combustion within the combustion chamber and supplying the thermal energy to at least one operation within a biomass facility. The reactor may include a pyrolysis chamber. The pyrolysis chamber configured to house a preprocessed biomass feedstock therein. The pyrolysis chamber may be positioned at least partially within the combustion chamber of the furnace such that the preprocessed biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed by the thermal energy within the combustion chamber of the furnace.

COMMERCIAL-SCALE PYROLYSIS SYSTEM

Systems and methods for processing pyrolyzable materials in order to recover one or more usable end products are provided. Pyrolysis methods and systems according to various aspects of the present invention are able to thermally decompose carbon-containing materials, including, for example, tires and other rubber-containing materials, in order recover hydrocarbon-containing products including synthesis gas, pyrolysis oil, and carbon black. Systems and methods according to aspects of the present invention may be successful on a commercial scale, and may be suitable for processing a variety of feedstocks, including, but not limited to, used tires and other types of industrial, agricultural, and consumer waste materials. 1. A method for pyrolizing a rubber-containing material in a commercial-scale pyrolysis facility , said method comprising:(a) at least partially filling at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth crucible with respective first, second, third, and fourth quantities of rubber-containing material;(b) loading each of said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles into a respective first, second, third, and fourth individual heating zone, wherein the individual heating zones are collectively defined within one or more pyrolysis furnaces;(c) heating each of said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles within said respective first, second, third, and fourth individual zones under conditions sufficient to pyrolyze at least a portion of said first, second, third, and fourth quantities of rubber-containing material to thereby form pyrolysis vapors and pyrolysis solids in each of said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles, wherein said pyrolysis solids include metallic elements;(d) recovering a pyrolysis gas and/or a pyrolysis liquid from at least a portion of said pyrolysis vapors withdrawn from said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles in at least one separation zone;(e) cooling at least a portion of said pyrolysis solids in said first, ...

Tunnel Pyrolysis Furnace

A tunnel pyrolysis furnace has a body and at least one flaming device. The body has a chamber and multiple tubes. The multiple tubes are disposed around the chamber and have catalysts loaded inside. The at least one flaming device is disposed near the body, and is used to heat up the body. The multiple tubes absorb heat, so heat is concentrated around the chamber and that provides an effect of even heating. Therefore, the chamber may reach a temperature for pyrolysis in a short time. 1. A tunnel pyrolysis furnace comprising: a chamber disposed in the body; and', 'multiple tubes disposed around the chamber, and each tube having a catalyst loaded inside; and, 'a body having'}at least one flaming device disposed adjacent to the body to heat up the body.2. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the tunnel pyrolysis furnace further has a condenser connected to the body; andthe body further has a pipe communicating with the chamber and connected to the condenser.3. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the at least one flaming device is connected to the condenser and a fuel source.4. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the body further has 'at least one through hole formed through the base and aligning with the at least one flaming device.', 'a base disposed below the chamber and having'}5. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the body further has 'at least one through hole formed through the base and aligning with the at least one flaming device.', 'a base disposed below the chamber and having'}6. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the body further has 'at least one through hole formed through the base and aligning with the at least one flaming device.', 'a base disposed below the chamber and having'}7. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the body further has 'multiple tubes disposed separately, surrounding the chamber in a ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BIOCHAR

It is known to produce biochar from wood by the use of ring kilns and the like. However, they are inefficient and release ‘greenhouse gases’ to the atmosphere. The present invention provides a method of producing biochar from woody biomass comprising the steps of (a) placing feedstock () in a first kiln (); (b) burning fuel in an oxidiser () and directing the resultant heated gases from the oxidiser to the feedstock to reduce the moisture content of the feedstock; (c) burning fuel in an oxidiser and directing the resultant heated gases from the oxidiser to the feedstock to pyrolyse the feedstock; (d) removing at least some of the pyrolytic gases, released from the feedstock in step c, to the oxidiser for burning therein; (e) directing at least a portion of the at least partially inert gases resultant from the burning of the pyrolytic gases in step d to the feedstock to regulate the amount of heat and air supplied to the kiln to controllably continue pyrolysis of the feedstock therein. 1. A method of producing biochar comprising the steps of:a. placing feedstock in a first kiln;b. burning fuel in an oxidiser and directing the resultant heated gases from the oxidiser to the feedstock to reduce the moisture content of the feedstock;c. burning fuel in an oxidiser and directing the resultant heated gases from the oxidiser to the feedstock to pyrolyse the feedstock;d. removing at least some of the pyrolytic gases, released from the feedstock in step c, to the oxidiser for burning therein;e. directing at least a portion of the at least partially inert gases resultant from the burning of the pyrolytic gases in step d to the feedstock to regulate the amount of heat and air supplied to the kiln to controllably continue pyrolysis of the feedstock therein.2. The method of , wherein the removal of the at least some of the pyrolytic gases in step d of is effected by directing a portion of the gases resultant from the fuel burning in step c of to the kiln.3. The method of either ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM CARBON BASED MATERIAL

“Syngas” is produced from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding material into the system, means for combustion thereof, means for use of Syngas and means for extraction of combustion residues, combustion means comprise: a sealed combustion chamber, with temperatures of 300-600° C.; device for injection of gas into the combustion chamber; device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced/to be introduced into the combustion chamber, where the method comprises: introducing the material into a combustion chamber at a constant temperature of 300-600° C.; residence of the material therein for 5-13 hours; the residence time allowing a combustion to decompose organic molecules of the material producing Syngas, continuously drawn off, and carbonous residues; residence of the carbonous residues at the temperature for 7-13 hours with excess air; the excess air for completely incinerating the carbonous residue; and use of the Syngas and extraction of the ash produced by the above. 1. A method for producing “Syngas” from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding said material into said system , means for combustion of said material , adapted to produce Syngas , means for use of said Syngas and means for extraction of residues of said combustion , wherein said means for combustion of said material comprise:a sealed combustion chamber for decomposing the organic molecules of said carbon based material into a mixture of gases and into ash;a device for injection of gas into said combustion chamber;a device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced or to be introduced into said combustion chamber, for guaranteeing a correct sub-stoichiometric ratio for decomposition of said organic molecules,wherein said method comprises the following steps:a) introducing said material into the combustion chamber at a constant temperature between 300 and 600° C.;b) maintaining said material in said combustion chamber for a residence time of ...

PYROLYSIS OR GASIFICATION APPARATUS AND METHOD

A pyrolysis apparatus having a heating system adapted to heat a first gas enclosure, wherein a gas path within the heated enclosure is helical or spherical. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in a gaseous mixture. 1. A pyrolysis apparatus having a heating system adapted to heat a first gas enclosure , wherein a gas path within the heated first gas enclosure is helical or spiral.2. An apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first gas enclosure is a tube having a spiral insert.3. An apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first gas enclosure includes a frustoconical shell having a gas input pipe connected thereto claim 1 , the input pipe being inclined at a radius of the first gas enclosure.4. An apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first gas enclosure includes an extension portion having parallel claim 3 , or substantially parallel claim 3 , walls extending from a widest circumference of the frustoconical shell.5. An apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the frustoconical shell has a smaller diameter end positioned below a larger diameter end.6. (canceled)7. An apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a pyrolysis unit having pyrolysis region and a gas exit passage claim 1 , wherein the first gas enclosure is coupled to the gas exit passage.8. An apparatus of wherein the heating system is adapted to heat the pyrolysis region.9. An apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first gas enclosure is located within the heating system.10. An apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a second gas enclosure claim 1 , wherein a gas path within the second gas enclosure is helical or spherical and a gas output of the first gas enclosure is connected to a gas input of the second gas enclosure.11. An apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heating system comprises a thermally insulated chamber and one or more heat sources arranged to heat the inside of the thermally insulated chamber.12. An apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heating system comprises a plurality of heating units claim 1 , ...

FLEXIBLE PYROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD

Examples of a flexible pyrolysis system are provided that include at least one reaction chamber capable of pyrolyzing a combination of coal in a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO) atmosphere. The system includes a recuperating and condensing circuit that removes dissolved pyrolysis products from the supercritical COatmosphere and then recovers COfor reuse in the reaction chamber. The recuperating and condensing circuit includes multiple stages of recuperators and collectors that can be independently controlled in order to selectively fractionate the pyrolysis products. In addition, the pyrolysis reaction may be controlled to alter the pyrolysis products generated. 112-. (canceled)13. A method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'flowing an inlet stream of carbon dioxide (CO) in a supercritical state into a reaction chamber containing coal;'}{'sub': '2', 'removing, after a contact time, supercritical COcontaining dissolved pyrolysis products from the reaction chamber as an outlet stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'directing a first portion of the outlet stream through a first recuperator/collector stage in which the outlet stream is cooled by a return stream of COen route to the reaction chamber, the first recuperator/collector stage including a recuperator followed by a condensate collector, to obtain a first stage COeffluent stream and a first stage pyrolysis product condensate;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'directing at least a portion of the first stage COeffluent stream through a second recuperator/collector stage to obtain a second stage COeffluent stream and a second stage pyrolysis product condensate; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'reconditioning at least some COfrom the first stage COeffluent stream or the second stage COeffluent steam by passing the at least some COas the return stream through the first recuperator/collector stage to obtain the inlet COstream.'}14. The method of further comprising:directing a second portion of the outlet stream through the second recuperator/collector ...

COMPACT AND MAINTAINABLE WASTE REFORMATION APPARATUS

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

CARBONIZATION DEVICE

The present invention is provided with: a reference gas supply source that adds a reference gas that is a noble gas to a carbonization gas; a combustor that combusts the mixed gas of the carbonization gas and the reference gas and sends out an inspection gas; a gas rheometer that measures a flow rate of the inspection gas; a gas concentration measurement device; and a computation control device that determines the flow rate of the reference gas (noble gas) in the mixed gas from the concentration of reference gas, determines the amount of carbon component generated in the carbonization gas, determines the carbonization fraction of carbonized charcoal from the concentration of the carbon component in low-grade charcoal, the amount of carbon component generated, and the weight of supplied low-grade charcoal, and controls a valve in a manner so that a target carbonization fraction results. 1. A pyrolysis apparatus , comprising:a furnace main body in which a solid organic material flows;organic material supply means for supplying the organic material into the furnace main body;heating means for heating the organic material in the furnace main body;sending-out means for sending out a solid pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas resulting from the heating and pyrolysis in the furnace main body;standard gas supply means for adding a standard gas including a rare gas to the pyrolysis gas;test gas production means for sending out a test gas formed by completely combusting a mixture gas of the pyrolysis gas and the standard gas sent out of the sending-out means with air for complete combustion;test gas flow amount measurement means for measuring a flow amount Fi per unit time of the test gas sent out of the test gas production means;gas concentration measurement means for measuring a concentration Cc of carbon dioxide and a concentration Cr of the standard gas in the test gas; and calculating a flow amount Fr per unit time of the standard gas in the mixture gas completely ...

Gas Collection Apparatus

The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.

Method & Apparatus for Producing Biochar

The present disclosure provides, at least in part, a system for pyrolysis of biomass, the system comprising: (a) a reactor having a retort extending therethrough, said retort comprising a conveyor, an inlet, and an outlet; the reactor further comprising at least one thermosensor, the thermosensor capable of generating a signal when the temperature is above optimal levels; (b) a heating system adapted to heat the reactor; (c) a syn-gas management system; the management system comprising a syn-gas storage tank having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet in fluid communication with the reactor, and said outlet in fluid communication with the heating system and syn-gas outlet such as a flare or storage tank wherein the communication is controlled via a valve configurable between at least a first position where flow is directed to the heating system and a second position where flow is directed to the flare pipe; and (d) a controller in communication with the thermosensor and the valve; wherein the controller switches the valve from the first position to the second position upon receiving a signal from the thermosensor that the temperature in the reactor is above optimal levels. 3. The system of or comprising a dryer for drying the biomass prior to entry into the reactor.4. The system of or comprising a biochar delivery system for receiving the biochar from the reactor.5. The system of wherein the biochar delivery system comprises a cooling zone claim 4 , a compaction area claim 4 , with a rotary airlock valve therebetween.6. The system of or comprising an additive delivery system for introducing additives to the biochar.76. The system of - wherein the additive delivery system is located with the biochar delivery system.8. The system of or wherein the controller is a programmable logic controller.9. The system of or wherein the controller further controls the speed of the conveyor.109. The system of any of - wherein the conveyor is an auger.11. A method for converting ...

INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHARCOAL

An industrial complex for producing charcoal from briquetted wood waste includes a section for heat carrier preparation, a section for ground wood waste preparation, a wood drying section equipped with a driving device, a briquetting section and a low-temperature pyrolysis section. The section for preparing the gaseous heat carrier is in the form of a heat generator and is equipped with a furnace chamber for receiving combustion gases, a unit for incinerating recovered pyrolysis gases and a unit for introducing the steam-gas mixture returned from the drying section. The section for ground wood waste preparation includes a receiving hopper for the feedstock, crushing and milling equipment and a storage hopper equipped with a batch feeder. The wood drying section is equipped with a drying device that operates in a mode of combined circulation in a suspended state of the steam-gas heat carrier and crushed wood. A section for separating the mixed stream exiting the drying device includes a cyclone and a receiving hopper. The pipeline upstream of the cyclone is equipped with a device for regulating the target moisture of wood particles. The separation section includes a flue for dispersing waste gases from drying. The briquetting section is equipped with an extrusion-type press. The section for low-temperature pyrolysis is equipped with devices for producing charcoal. 1. An industrial complex for the production of charcoal from briquetted wood waste , comprising a heating agent preparation section , a crushed wood waste preparation section , a wood drying section equipped with a drying device , a briquetting section , and a low-temperature pyrolysis section , characterized in that said gaseous heating agent preparation section is embodied in the form of a multipurpose heat generator equipped with a combustion chamber for producing flue gases , a waste pyrolysis gas combustion unit , and a unit for supplementing the generated heating agent with , at least , a portion of ...

RENEWABLE ENERGY USE IN OIL SHALE RETORTING

A method of retorting oil shale is provided, comprising: continuously feeding oil shale into a retorting unit; heating the retorting unit using renewable electrical energy; converting the oil-shale kerogen into kerogen oil; conveying a cross-flow sweep gas across a moving bed of the oil shale, to carry the kerogen oil out of the retorting unit; recovering the kerogen oil; and recovering spent oil shale. The combination of electrical heating and cross-flow retorting achieves uniform heating to optimize the production of hydrocarbons. A system for retorting oil shale is also provided, comprising: a retorting unit; an inlet for continuously feeding oil shale; electrical-energy elements within the retorting unit; an inlet for conveying a cross-flow sweep gas through the retorting unit; and an outlet for the cross-flow sweep gas carrying the kerogen oil. The principles of the invention may be applied to ex situ systems, in situ systems, or hybrid systems. 1. A method of retorting oil shale containing kerogen , said method comprising:(a) continuously or semi-continuously feeding oil shale into a heated retorting unit;(b) heating said heated retorting unit, at least partially, using electrical energy;(c) in said heated retorting unit, converting said kerogen into one or more retorted streams comprising kerogen oil in the form of a vapor, mist, and/or liquid;(d) conveying a cross-flow sweep gas across a moving bed of said oil shale within said heated retorting unit, wherein said heated cross-flow sweep gas carries said kerogen oil out of said heated retorting unit;(e) recovering or further processing said kerogen oil; and(f) recovering or further processing spent, kerogen-depleted oil shale.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is ex situ oil-shale retorting.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is or includes in situ oil-shale retorting.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said electrical energy in step (b) is at least partially renewable electrical energy. ...

CARBONIZATION DEVICE

The present invention is provided with: a supply feeder that supplies the low-grade charcoal; heating means that heat the low-grade charcoal; a shooter that sends out carbonization gas and generated carbonized charcoal; a reference gas supply source that adds a reference gas to the carbonization gas; a gas concentration measurement device that measures the concentration (Cs) of the reference gas and the concentration (Cc) of carbon dioxide in the mixed gas of the reference gas and the carbonization gas from the shooter; and a computation control device that, on the basis of the concentrations (Cc) and (Cs), the supply flow rate of the reference gas, and the supply weight of the low-grade charcoal, calculates the amount of carbon dioxide generated, determines the carbonization fraction of the low-grade charcoal, and controls a heating means in a manner so as to result in a target carbonization fraction. 1. A pyrolysis apparatus , comprising:a furnace main body in which a solid organic material flows;organic material supply means for supplying the organic material into the furnace main body;heating means for heating the organic material in the furnace main body;sending-out means for sending out a solid pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas resulting from the heating and pyrolysis in the furnace main body;standard gas supply means for adding a standard gas including an inert gas to the pyrolysis gas;{'sub': '2', 'gas concentration measurement means for measuring a concentration Cs of the standard gas and a concentration Cc of an analyte gas including at least one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gases, and HO in a mixture gas of the pyrolysis gas and the standard gas sent out of the sending-out means; and'} calculating an amount Fc of the analyte gas generated per unit weight of the organic material by the following formula (1) on the basis of the concentration Cc of the analyte gas and the concentration Cs of the standard gas measured by ...

BURN PROFILES FOR COKE OPERATIONS

The present technology is generally directed to systems and methods for optimizing the burn profiles for coke ovens, such as horizontal heat recovery ovens. In various embodiments the burn profile is at least partially optimized by controlling air distribution in the coke oven. In some embodiments, the air distribution is controlled according to temperature readings in the coke oven. In particular embodiments, the system monitors the crown temperature of the coke oven. After the crown reaches a particular temperature range the flow of volatile matter is transferred to the sole flue to increase sole flue temperatures throughout the coking cycle. Embodiments of the present technology include an air distribution system having a plurality of crown air inlets positioned above the oven floor. 1. A method of controlling a horizontal heat recovery coke oven burn profile , the method comprising:charging a bed of coal into an oven chamber of a horizontal heat recovery coke oven; the oven chamber being at least partially defined by an oven floor, opposing oven doors, opposing sidewalls that extend upwardly from the oven floor between the opposing oven doors, and an oven crown positioned above the oven floor;creating a negative pressure draft on the oven chamber so that air is drawn into the oven chamber through at least one air inlet, positioned to place the oven chamber in fluid communication with an environment exterior to the horizontal heat recovery coke oven;initiating a carbonization cycle of the bed of coal such that volatile matter is released from the coal bed, mixes with the air, and at least partially combusts within the oven chamber, generating heat within the oven chamber;the negative pressure draft drawing volatile matter into at least one sole flue, beneath the oven floor; at least a portion of the volatile matter combusting within the sole flue, generating heat within the sole flue that is at least partially transferred through the oven floor to the bed of coal ...

WASTE PROCESSING SYSTEM

A disposal system for the processing of solid waste devices to recycle materials located within the devices and recover, reuse and recycle such materials. Such system may include a primary chamber and secondary chamber, attached preferably by use of one or more exhaust ducts, and a secondary chamber exhaust duct. The solid waste devices may include any type of waste, such as electronics waste, medical device waste, and the like. 1. A waste processing method for a waste processing system , the waste processing system having a heating chamber , a primary chamber disposed within the heating chamber , a secondary chamber , and lid , the method comprising:loading feedstock into the primary chamber;heating the secondary chamber;heating the heating chamber with the feedstock inside;rotating the primary chamber while the primary chamber is being heated;cooling the heating chamber after the heating chamber is heated for a predetermined amount of time; andremoving leftover concentrate after heating the heating chamber for the predetermined amount of time.2. The waste processing method according to claim 1 , wherein loading the feedstock comprises:rotating the primary chamber and the heating chamber to an operating position;securing the lid to an open end of the primary chamber;loading the primary chamber with an inert gas; andtilting the heating chamber and the primary chamber to a predetermined angle to facilitate processing of the feedstock.3. The waste processing method according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary chamber is heated during the loading of the feedstock.4. The waste processing method according to claim 1 , further comprising heating the secondary chamber to a temperature range of about 1000° C. to about 1100° C.5. The waste processing method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:collecting, in the lid, syngas produced while heating the heating chamber;sending the syngas from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber;burning the syngas ...

HEAT TREATMENT APPARATUS

A heat treatment apparatus has a first screw conveyor, a second screw conveyor, a first nozzle pipe, and a second nozzle pipe. If the first screw conveyor rotates right, the first nozzle pipe is disposed on the left lateral side of the first screw conveyor. If the first screw conveyor rotates left, the first nozzle pipe is disposed on the right lateral side of the first screw conveyor. If the second screw conveyor rotates right, the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the left lateral side of the second screw conveyor. If the second screw conveyor rotates left, the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the right lateral side of the second screw conveyor. 1. A heat treatment apparatus comprising:a first screw conveyor;a second screw conveyor in parallel with the first screw conveyor;a first nozzle pipe which is disposed on a lateral side of the first screw conveyor and which ejects a high-temperature gas composed of superheated steam or a high-temperature combustion gas; anda second nozzle pipe which is disposed on a lateral side of the second screw conveyor and which ejects a high-temperature gas composed of superheated steam or a high-temperature combustion gas,wherein, in the case where a discharge side is viewed from an input side for a raw material to be treated, the first nozzle pipe is disposed on a left lateral side of the first screw conveyor in the case where the first screw conveyor rotates right, and the first nozzle pipe is disposed on a right lateral side of the first screw conveyor in the case where the first screw conveyor rotates left, andin the case where a discharge side is viewed from an input side for a raw material to be treated, the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the left lateral side of the second screw conveyor in the case where the second screw conveyor rotates right, and the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the right lateral side of the second screw conveyor in the case where the second screw conveyor rotates left.2. The heat treatment ...

SLEEVING CYLINDER-TYPE COAL MATTER PYROLYSIS DEVICE

The invention discloses a sleeve-type coal material decomposition apparatus which includes a kiln body. The inside of said kiln body is set with coal material decomposition-promoting layers and circular heating layers centered on the axis of kiln body; the said circular coal material decomposition-promoting layers and circular heating layers are isolated from each other; both ends of the said circular coal material decomposition-promoting layer are respectively connected to the coal inlet and coal outlet on kiln body and are also connected to the decomposition gas collecting mechanism on kiln body. The coal material decomposition-promoting layers and circular heating layers are isolated from each other, which is helpful for the acquisition of pure coal decomposition gas. The heat released from circular heating layers is fully absorbed by adjacent set coal material decomposition-promoting layers via conduction and radiation forms; the full absorption of pulverized coal brings better effect of complete decomposition. 1. A sleeve-type coal material decomposition apparatus including a kiln body having a coal inlet and a coal outlet , wherein the inside of said kiln body is set with one or multiple circular coal material decomposition-promoting layers and one or multiple circular heating layers centered on the axis of the kiln body; said circular coal material decomposition-promoting layers and circular heating layers are isolated from each other; both ends of said circular coal material decomposition-promoting layer are respectively connected to the coal inlet and coal outlet on the kiln body and are also connected to a decomposition gas collecting mechanism on the kiln body.2. A sleeve-type coal material decomposition apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said kiln body is a shaft kiln.3. A sleeve-type coal material decomposition apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said kiln body is a transverse kiln.4. A sleeve-type coal material decomposition apparatus ...

Retort

A retort ( 10 ) for producing charcoal, and a method of use thereof, the retort ( 10 ) having an inner vessel ( 140 ), for receiving wood to be converted into charcoal, and an outer vessel ( 20 ) containing the inner vessel ( 140 ) and defining an intermediate region between the inner vessel ( 140 ) and the outer vessel ( 20 ). The intermediate region including a burning region configured for burning fuel to heat the inner vessel ( 140 ); a flue ( 60 ) from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to a region outside the outer vessel ( 20 ), for conveying gas from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to the atmosphere; a feed pipe ( 210 ) from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to the intermediate region, for conveying gas from the inner vessel ( 140 ) to the intermediate region, wherein the entire length of the feed pipe ( 210 ) is located within the outer vessel ( 20 ).

BIOMASS TREATMENT PROCESS AND APPARATUS

A process and apparatus are provided in the present invention for treatment of particulate biomass. The present process comprises a densification stage, a first treatment stage, a second treatment stage, a cooling stage; the present apparatus comprises a thermo-chemical treatment chamber which is a two-stage compact moving bed type including two compartments for pre-torrefaction and torrefaction and having a star or spider or ring formic hot gas distribution system equipped with at least one hot gas input and at least one hot gas output for each compartment, and at least one particulate biomass inlet and at least one particulate biomass outlet. 1. A process for treating biomass in a biomass treatment apparatus , comprising the following stages:a densification stage;a first treatment stage;a second treatment stage; anda cooling treatment stage,wherein said densification stage comprises feeding substantially dried and size-reduced biomass containing an amount of moisture to said continuous or batch biomass treatment apparatus, densifying said biomass to form a densified biomass into a form of pellets or briquettes, and discharging said densified biomass which is in the form of pellets or briquettes to said first treatment stage;said first treatment stage comprises heating said densified biomass containing said amount of moisture to a pre-torrefaction temperature for a first residence time such that said densified biomass is completely dried by evaporating said moisture through said heating in said first treatment stage to form pre-torrefied biomass, and discharging said pre-torrefied biomass to said second treatment stage;said second treatment stage comprises heating said pre-torrefied biomass to a torrefaction temperature for a second residence time to form torrefied biomass, and discharging said torrefied biomass to said cooling treatment stage;said cooling treatment stage comprises cooling said torrefied biomass to a cooling temperature;said amount of moisture in ...

METHOD FOR TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS BY VAPOR THERMOLYSIS

The present invention relates to a method for treating carbonaceous materials by steam thermolysis, comprising: 1. A method for treating carbonaceous materials by steam thermolysis , comprising:shredding carbonaceous waste materials,introducing the shredded carbonaceous waste materials into a reactor heated by combustion gases, gases laden with steam being introduced into the reactor, so as to heat said shredded carbonaceous waste materials to a temperature between 200 and 700° C. during a steam thermolysis reaction,cooling the combustion gases to a temperature between 200 and 450° C. and discharging said gases,discharging from the reactor the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis, followed by condensation of said products,separating the condensate obtained by said condensation into water containing residual hydrocarbons and into oil;wherein the water from the condensate is used as a source of heat energy for the reactor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combustion gases used to heat the reactor come from combustion of a fuel and/or combustion of the uncondensed gases obtained after condensation of the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the uncondensed gases obtained after condensation of the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis are heat-treated in order to heat the reactor independently of the combustion of water coming from the condensate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said shredded carbonaceous waste materials are brought to a temperature between 400 and 600° C. inside the reactor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oil from the condensate is evaporated in a first fraction with a boiling point less than or equal to 200° C. claim 1 , called the light fraction claim 1 , and a second fraction with a boiling point greater than 200° C. claim 1 , called the heavy fraction.6. The method according to claim 5 , ...

Pyrolysis systems

Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCING ENERGY FROM WASTE MATERIALS

A system for processing solid waste including a segmented gasifier having a first segment detachably connected to a second segment, and a burner positioned downstream of the segmented gasifier and coupled to the segmented gasifier. A process for treating solid waste including introducing the solid waste into a first end of a segmented gasifier having a first segment detachably connected to a second segment. Gasifying the solid waste as it traverses from the first end of the gasifier to a second end of the segmented gasifier, and producing a gaseous output and a solid output at the second end of the segmented gasifier. Separating the gaseous output and the solid output, and introducing a portion of the gaseous output to a burner and recycling a portion of the gaseous output to the segmented gasifier as an energy source.

WASTE PROCESSING SYSTEM

A disposal system for the processing of solid waste devices to recycle materials located within the devices and recover, reuse and recycle such materials. Such system may include a primary chamber and secondary chamber, attached preferably by use of one or more exhaust ducts, and a secondary chamber exhaust duct. The solid waste devices may include any type of waste, such as electronics waste, medical device waste, and the like. 1. A waste processing system , comprising:a primary chamber section; anda secondary chamber section connected to the primary chamber section via an exhaust duct, a heating chamber,', 'a primary chamber disposed within the heating chamber, the primary chamber being configured to receive feedstock, and', 'a burner configured to heat the heating chamber and the primary chamber, and, 'wherein the primary chamber section comprises'} a secondary chamber, and', 'a secondary chamber exhaust duct connected to the secondary chamber., 'wherein the secondary chamber section comprises'}2. The waste processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the primary chamber is loaded with an inert gas.3. The waste processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the primary chamber section further comprises a lid that is configured to collect syngas produced while heating the heating chamber and the primary chamber.4. The waste processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the primary chamber section further comprises a cooling fan configured to cool the heating chamber.5. The waste processing system according to claim 1 ,wherein the primary chamber comprises a plurality of heat transfer fins that are configured to transfer heat from the primary chamber to the heating chamber, andwherein the plurality of heat transfer fins are attached to an exterior surface of the primary chamber.6. The waste processing system according to claim 5 , wherein the plurality of heat transfer fins are made of the same material as the primary chamber.7. The waste processing system ...

Method of Torrefacation of a Biomass Comprising the Step of Cooling the Torrefaction

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for torrefaction of a biomass. Said method and arrangements allows for precise control of torrefaction temperature, which is crucial for accurate control of the quality and properties of the torrefied material. The method comprising a step of cooling the torrefaction reaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperature increase derived from the exothermic torrefaction reactions 1. A method of torrefaction of a dried and heated biomass , comprising the step of cooling a torrefaction reaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperature increase derived from exothermic torrefaction reactions , wherein the biomass is woody biomass from spruce or eucalyptus.2. A method according to wherein a temperature of the torrefaction reaction is controlled using means for cooling and an optional means for heating.3. A method according to wherein the means for cooling and heating are interchangeable.4. A method according to wherein the means for heating and/or cooling is represented by heat exchangers.5. A method according to wherein a temperature of the biomass during the torrefaction reaction is kept within a temperature range of 50° C.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a residence time of the dried and heated biomass in the torrefaction reaction is controlled separately from a residence time in a heating step preceding the torrefaction reaction.7. A torrefaction arrangement comprising at least one torrefaction zone wherein the torrefaction zone comprises means for cooling and an optional means for heating and wherein the means for cooling is connected to a vessel or arrangement containing a cooling media claim 1 , which cooling media is water.8. A torrefaction arrangement according wherein the means for cooling and heating are interchangeable.9. A torrefaction arrangement according to wherein the means for heating and/or cooling are heat exchangers.10. A torrefaction arrangement according to further ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING AIR DISTRIBUTION IN A COKE OVEN

The present technology is generally directed to systems and methods for controlling air distribution in a coke oven. In a particular embodiment, a coke oven air distribution system comprises an oven chamber having an oven floor configured to support a coal bed, a plurality of sidewalls extending upward from the oven floor, and an oven crown covering a top portion of the oven chamber. The air distribution system further includes an air inlet positioned above the oven floor and a distributor proximate to the inlet. The inlet is configured to introduce air into the oven chamber and the distributor is configured to at least one of preheat, redirect, or spread air within the oven chamber. 1. A coke oven air distribution system , comprising:an oven chamber having an oven floor configured to support a coal bed, a plurality of sidewalls extending upward from the oven floor, and an oven crown covering a top portion of the oven chamber;an air inlet positioned above the oven floor and configured to introduce air into the oven chamber; anda distributor proximate to the inlet and configured to at least one of preheat, redirect, or disperse air within the oven chamber.2. The system of wherein the air inlet comprises an inlet in the oven crown.3. The system of wherein the air inlet comprises an inlet in an individual sidewall.4. The system of wherein the individual sidewall comprises an oven door.5. The system of wherein the distributor comprises a generally cylindrical tube extending into the oven chamber.6. The system of wherein the distributor comprises an impingement plate generally orthogonal to the cylindrical tube.7. The system of wherein the distributor comprises an annulus flow deflecting baffle.8. The system of wherein the distributor comprises an elongated channel having a plurality of apertures therein.9. The system of wherein the elongated channel is elongated in a direction generally parallel to the sidewalls.10. The system of wherein the elongated channel is ...

NON-PERPENDICULAR CONNECTIONS BETWEEN COKE OVEN UPTAKES AND A HOT COMMON TUNNEL, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present technology is generally directed to non-perpendicular connections between coke oven uptakes and a hot common tunnel, and associated systems and methods. In some embodiments, a coking system includes a coke oven and an uptake duct in fluid communication with the coke oven. The uptake duct has an uptake flow vector of exhaust gas from the coke oven. The system also includes a common tunnel in fluid communication with the uptake duct. The common tunnel has a common flow vector and can be configured to transfer the exhaust gas to a venting system. The uptake flow vector and common flow vector can meet at a non-perpendicular interface to improve mixing between the flow vectors and reduce draft loss in the common tunnel. 1. A coking system , comprising:a coke oven;an uptake duct in fluid communication with the coke oven and having an uptake flow vector of exhaust gas from the coke oven; anda common tunnel in fluid communication with the uptake duct, the common tunnel having a common flow vector of exhaust gas and configured to transfer the exhaust gas to a venting system, wherein the uptake flow vector and common flow vector meet at a non-perpendicular interface.2. The coking system of wherein at least a portion of the uptake duct is non-perpendicular to the common tunnel.3. The coking system of wherein the non-perpendicular interface comprises at least one of an altitudinal difference or an azimuthal commonality between the uptake flow vector and the common flow vector.4. The coking system of wherein the common tunnel has a common tunnel height claim 1 , an upper portion above a midpoint of the common tunnel height claim 1 , and a lower portion below the midpoint of the common tunnel height claim 1 , and wherein the uptake duct interfaces with the common tunnel in at least one of the upper portion and the lower portion.5. The coking system of wherein the non-perpendicular interface comprises at least one of a baffle claim 1 , gunned surface claim 1 , ...

UPGRADING COAL AND OTHER CARBONACEOUS FUELS USING A LEAN FUEL GAS STREAM FROM A PYROLYSIS STEP

A method for upgrading coal and other carbonaceous fuels includes subjecting the carbonaceous fuel to a pyrolyzing process, thereby forming upgraded carbonaceous fuel and a flow of lean fuel gases. Auxiliary fuel is combusted in an auxiliary fuel combustor to produce auxiliary fuel combustion gases, and the lean fuel gases are heated with the auxiliary fuel combustion gases. The heated lean fuel gases are combusted in a lean fuel combustor, thereby producing a gas stream of products of combustion, and at least a portion of the gas stream of products of combustion are directed to the pyrolyzer. 1. The method of upgrading coal and other carbonaceous fuels comprising:subjecting the carbonaceous fuel to a pyrolyzing process, thereby forming upgraded carbonaceous fuel and a flow of lean fuel gases;directing the flow of lean fuel gases and a flow of primary combustion air into a lean fuel combustor;combusting the lean fuel gases in the lean fuel combustor, thereby producing a gas stream of products of combustion;introducing at least a portion of the gas stream into the flow of primary combustion air; anddirecting the remainder of the gas stream to the pyrolyzer, wherein at least about 60% of the heat provided to the pyrolyzer is provided by the combustion of the lean fuel gases from the pyrolyzer, with the remainder of the heat being provided by an auxiliary fuel combustor.2. The method of in which at least about 70% of the heat provided to the pyrolyzer is provided by the combustion of the lean fuel gases from the pyrolyzer claim 1 , with the remainder of the heat being provided by the auxiliary fuel combustor.3. The method of in which the amount of heat provided to the pyrolyzer by the combustion of the lean fuel gases from the pyrolyzer is within the range of from about 70% to about 90% claim 1 , with the remainder of the heat being provided by the auxiliary fuel combustor.4. The method of in which the temperature of the lean fuel gases being introduced into the lean ...

WASTE PROCESSING SYSTEM

A disposal system for the processing of solid waste devices to recycle materials located within the devices and recover, reuse and recycle such materials. Such system may include a primary chamber and secondary chamber, attached preferably by use of one or more exhaust ducts, and a secondary chamber exhaust duct. The solid waste devices may include any type of waste, such as electronics waste, medical device waste, and the like. 1. A waste processing system , comprising:a primary chamber section; anda secondary chamber section connected to the primary chamber section via an exhaust duct, a heating chamber,', 'a primary chamber disposed within the heating chamber, the primary chamber being configured to receive feedstock, and', 'a burner configured to heat the heating chamber and the primary chamber, and, 'wherein the primary chamber section comprises'} a secondary chamber, and', 'a secondary chamber exhaust duct connected to the secondary chamber., 'wherein the secondary chamber section comprises'}2. The waste processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the primary chamber is loaded with an inert gas.3. The waste processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the primary chamber section further comprises a lid that is configured to collect syngas produced while heating the heating chamber and the primary chamber.4. The waste processing system according to claim 1 , wherein the primary chamber section further comprises a cooling fan configured to cool the heating chamber.5. The waste processing system according to claim 1 ,wherein the primary chamber comprises a plurality of heat transfer fins that are configured to transfer heat from the primary chamber to the heating chamber, andwherein the plurality of heat transfer fins are attached to an exterior surface of the primary chamber.6. The waste processing system according to claim 5 , wherein the plurality of heat transfer fins are made of the same material as the primary chamber.7. The waste processing system ...

AUTOMATIC DRAFT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR COKE PLANTS

A coke oven includes an oven chamber, an uptake duct in fluid communication with the oven chamber, the uptake duct being configured to receive exhaust gases from the oven chamber, an uptake damper in fluid communication with the uptake duct, the uptake damper being positioned at any one of multiple positions, the uptake damper configured to control an oven draft, an actuator configured to alter the position of the uptake damper between the positions in response to a position instruction, a sensor configured to detect an operating condition of the coke oven, wherein the sensor includes one of a draft sensor, a temperature sensor configured to detect an uptake duct temperature or a sole flue temperature, and an oxygen sensor, and a controller being configured to provide the position instruction to the actuator in response to the operating condition detected by the sensor. 175-. (canceled)76. A coke oven , comprising:an oven chamber;an uptake duct in fluid communication with the oven chamber and configured to receive exhaust gases from the oven chamber;an uptake damper in fluid communication with the uptake duct and configured to be positioned at one of a plurality of positions including fully opened and fully closed, wherein, in operation, the position of the uptake damper controls an oven draft;an actuator configured to alter the position of the uptake damper between the plurality of positions in response to a position instruction;a plurality of coke oven sensors each configured to detect an operating condition of the coke oven, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a draft sensor configured to detect the oven draft, a temperature sensor configured to detect an uptake duct temperature or a sole flue temperature, and an oxygen sensor configured to detect an uptake duct oxygen concentration in the uptake duct; anda controller in communication with the actuator and with the plurality of sensors, such that the controller receives a signal from each of the plurality ...

Method and Device for Converting Municipal Waste Into Energy

A method and device for converting municipal waste into energy. This method involves heating the waste in multiple sections of a chamber to produce syngas and biochar. The syngas is removed with a vacuum pump and the biochar advances to the next section and is heated to a higher temperature to release more syngas. All of the collected syngas is then transferred to a bio-reactor that removes dangerous carbon monoxide from the syngas mixture by combining the syngas with hydrogen, causing the carbon monoxide to react with the hydrogen and produce methane and water. The resulting syngas can then be used for electricity production or stored as dimethyl ether. 1) A device for converting solid waste into energy , comprising: an insulated interior;', 'one or more walls defining an interior volume;', 'an opening disposed on a lower end of one or more sidewalls; and', 'door configured to removably seal the opening;, 'a heating chamber comprising an interior volume, wherein the interior volume includes one or more heating sections, wherein each of one or more heating sections comprisea vacuum pump operably connected to the interior volume of each of the one or more heating sections;a bio-reactor operably connected to the vacuum pump;a hydrogen generator operably connected to the bio-reactor and configured to input hydrogen into the bio-reactor;an output port disposed on the bio-reactor.2) The device of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of heating sections are stacked vertically within the heating chamber in order to allow waste therein to be moved from one heating sections to another by gravity.3) The device of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a biochar storage tank in fluid communication with a bottom heating section claim 1 , the biochar storage tank containing cooling water.4) The device of further comprising a door opening mechanism operably connected to the door of a heating section claim 1 , such that the door automatically opens once the heating section ...

An Apparatus For Fuel Gas Production And Combustion

An apparatus for fuel gas production and combustion comprises a solid fuel feeding unit for receiving and feeding solid fuel; a gas producing unit being connected to the solid fuel feeding unit for receiving solid fuel from the solid fuel feeding unit; an air feeding unit connected to the gas producing unit for feeding air to the gas producing unit to cause a gasification reaction; an ash trapping unit connected to the gas producing unit for separating fly ash and dust from the fuel gas; a burner unit connected to the ash trapping unit for combusting the fuel gas; and an ash discharging unit connected to the gas producing unit and ash trapping unit and comprising a bottom ash discharging part and a fly ash discharging part, characterized in that the air feeding unit comprises a plurality of air feeding parts wherein at least one air feeding part being connected to the gas producing unit and at least one air feeding part being connected to the ash trapping unit. 1. An apparatus for fuel gas production and combustion comprising:{'b': '1', 'a solid fuel feeding unit () for receiving and feeding solid fuel;'}{'b': 2', '1', '1, 'a gas producing unit () connected to the solid fuel feeding unit () for receiving solid fuel from the solid fuel feeding unit ();'}{'b': 3', '2', '2, 'an air feeding unit () connected to the gas producing unit () for feeding air to the gas producing unit () to cause a gasification reaction;'}{'b': 4', '2, 'an ash trapping unit () connected to the gas producing unit () for separating fly ash and dust from the fuel gas;'}{'b': 5', '4, 'a burner unit () connected to the ash trapping unit () for combusting the fuel gas; and'}{'b': 6', '2', '4', '61', '62, 'an ash discharging unit () connected to the gas producing unit () and ash trapping unit () comprising a bottom ash discharging part () and a fly ash discharging part (),'}characterized in that{'b': 3', '2', '4, 'the air feeding unit () comprises a plurality of air feeding parts wherein at least one ...

APPARATUS FOR PYROLYZING WASTE PLASTIC INTO FUEL

An apparatus pyrolyzes waste plastics into fuel. The apparatus categorizes the waste plastic, and processes the categorized waste plastic to obtain kerosene, diesel fuel, gasoline etc. The apparatus includes a first heat exchange tank, a rough fuel storage tank, a second heat exchange tank, a diesel storage tank, and a kerosene storage tank. Combustible gas is extracted from the tanks via outlets thereof and stored in a gas storage tank. The combustible gas stored in the gas storage tank is fed into a combustion machine of a pyrolysis furnace of the apparatus. A fuel-water separate tank is connected to the bottom of the rough fuel storage tank to separate fuel from water. The separated fuel is recycled into the combustion machine to be burned again. Recycled paper with residual plastic films thereon has to be compressed into grains to facilitate a feeding operation. 1. An apparatus for pyrolyzing waste plastics into fuel and inputting categorized waste plastic , the apparatus comprising:an input device;a pyrolysis furnace associated with a combustion machine and connected to the input device;a catalytic gas tank associated with a first temperature controller and connected to the pyrolysis furnace;a first heat exchange tank associated with a second temperature controller connected to the catalytic gas tank;a rough fuel storage tank connected to the first heat exchange tank;a refined fractionation tank associated with a third temperature controller and connected to the rough fuel storage tank; andan equipment comprising a second heat exchange tank associated with a forth temperature controller, the equipment being connected to the refined fractionation tank,wherein the input device further includes a tank for inputting waste plastic, and two driven and mutually parallel stirring reels disposed within the tank to stir waste plastics into a preheat pipe disposed beneath the tank, and the preheat pipe includes a heater and a motor-driven propeller for material input, ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A PYROLYSIS PRODUCT

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a pyrolysis product, in which raw material are fed to the pyrolysis reactor and gaseous pyrolysis product fractions and by-product fractions are formed from raw material by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor. According to the invention the method comprising steps: combusting at least one by-product fraction from the pyrolysis reactor in at least two combustors, and recovering energy formed in the combustor. 1. A method for producing a pyrolysis product , in which raw material is fed to the pyrolysis reactor and gaseous pyrolysis product fractions and by-product fractions are formed from raw material by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor , characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:combusting at least one by-product fraction from the pyrolysis reactor in at least two combustors so that the by-product fraction is combusted in the first combustor and the flue gases from the first combustor are supplied to the second combustor in which the flue gases are combusted to form energy; andrecovering energy formed in the combustor.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that temperature is adjusted in the first combustor so that the temperature is below 700° C.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the energy recovered in the combustor is supplied to feed water and/or to a steam circuit of the boiler.4. An apparatus for producing a pyrolysis product claim 1 , the apparatus comprisinga pyrolysis reactor for forming gaseous pyrolysis product fractions and by-product fractions from raw material by pyrolysis, and at least two combustors in which at least one by-product fraction from the pyrolysis reactor is combusted; and', 'at least one device that receives energy formed in the at least two combustors., 'at least one device for feeding raw material to the pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that the device comprises'}5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , including an ...

PYROLYZER FURNACE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATION THEREOF

A char making apparatus comprises a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing wherein coal-bearing material may be heated to a temperature to fluidize volatile materials therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material. At least two rotatable drive screws are laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter positioned within the drive shaft to provide heating to the coal-bearing material. A heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing provides additional heating to the coal-bearing material. Multiple combustion chambers adjacent the heating jacket and hollow drive shaft burn fluidized volatile materials and exhaust combustion fluids through the jacket and shaft. 1. A method for making briquettes comprising the steps of:a. assembling a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing having at least two rotatable drive screws laterally positioned and interleaved within a longitudinal furnace housing and a heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing to provide heat flux from combustion fluid moving through the heating jacket to adjacent coal-bearing materials;b. moving coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace by rotation of the drive screws and heating to fluidize volatile material in the coal bearing material and plasticize the coal in the coal bearing material to form processed char;c. mixing the processed char with a binding agent and a binder coal of a fluidity at least 2,000 ddpm to form a blend of less than 15% binding agent, 25 to 70% processed char and 20 to 70 % binder coal; andd. briquetting the blend to form a briquetted blend that can be carbonized to form metallurgical coke.2. The method for making briquettes as claimed in wherein briquetting said blend forms a briquetted blend that when carbonized has a CSR at least 50% and a CRI less than 30%.3. The method ...

PYROLYZER FURNACE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATION THEREOF

A char making apparatus comprises a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing wherein coal-bearing material may be heated to a temperature to fluidize volatile materials therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material. At least two rotatable drive screws are laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter positioned within the drive shaft to provide heating to the coal-bearing material. A heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing provides additional heating to the coal-bearing material. Multiple combustion chambers adjacent the heating jacket and hollow drive shaft burn fluidized volatile materials and exhaust combustion fluids through the jacket and shaft. 1. A method for making char comprising the steps of:a. assembling a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing having at least two rotatable drive screws laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing, and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials containing volatile material through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter longitudinally positioned within the drive shaft, the diverter forming with an inner surface of each drive shaft an inner passageway capable of directing heat flux to adjacent coal-bearing materials moving through the pyrolyzer furnace to fluidize the volatile material therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material;b. assembling a heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing along at least a portion thereof in fluid communication with combustion fluid from multiple combustion chambers to provide heat flux from combustion fluid moving through the heating jacket to adjacent coal-bearing materials moving through the pyrolyzer furnace to fluidize the volatile material in the coal bearing material and plasticize ...

COAL REFORMING METHOD AND COAL REFORMING APPARATUS

A coal reforming method includes: drying; performing carbonizing; and cooling. (1) In the drying, coal is classified into coarse coal and fine coal while being dried, and heat obtained by burning at least a portion of the fine coal and at least a portion of the carbonizing gas is used as a heat source during the drying or the carbonizing. (2) In the cooling, the char is classified while being cooled to separate fine char from the char, and heat obtained by burning at least a portion of the fine char and at least a portion of the carbonizing gas is used as a heat source during the drying or the carbonizing. At least any one of (1) and (2) is performed. 1. A coal reforming method comprising:classifying coal into coarse coal and fine coal while drying the coal in a fluidized bed drying and classifying device;performing carbonizing on the coarse coal by a carbonizing device to be reformed into carbonizing gas and char; andsupplying heat obtained by supplying at least a portion of the carbonizing gas, or an external fuel; and at least a portion of the fine coal to a combustor and burning the portions, to at least any one of the fluidized bed drying and classifying device and the carbonizing device as a heat source.2. The coal reforming method according to claim 1 , further comprising:mixing at least a portion of flue gas discharged from the fluidized bed drying and classifying device with combustion gas supplied from the combustor to at least any one of the fluidized bed drying and classifying device and the carbonizing device.3. The coal reforming method according to claim 1 , further comprising:supplying at least a portion of the fine coal obtained by the fluidized bed drying and classifying device to the carbonizing device.4. The coal reforming method according to claim 3 ,wherein the fine coal supplied to the carbonizing device is supplied to the carbonizing device after being formed singly or together with the coarse coal.5. The coal reforming method according to ...

COAL PYROLYSIS DEVICE

The purpose of the present invention is to enable low-cost acquisition of an inert gas (low-oxygen concentration gas) promoting the release of a pyrolyzed gas from coal. The invention is provided with: a coal pyrolysis device main body () utilizing the rotary kiln method; exhaust means (to ), connected to an outer cylinder () of the coal pyrolysis device main body (), for exhausting an exhaust gas present inside the outer cylinder (); gas extraction means () for extracting a portion of the exhaust gas exhausted by the exhaust means; and low-oxygen concentration gas supply means () for delivering into the inner cylinder () the exhaust gas extracted by the gas extraction means so that the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas is lowered. 1. A coal pyrolysis device comprising:a rotary kiln type coal pyrolysis device main body that rotatably supports an inner cylinder inside an outer cylinder, the rotary kiln type coal pyrolysis device main body being configured to supply coal into the inner cylinder from a first end side of the inner cylinder as well as supplying heating gas into the outer cylinder and rotate the inner cylinder to heat and pyrolyze the coal while moving the coal from the first end side of the inner cylinder to a second end side and agitating the coal, and to output the pyrolyzed coal and pyrolyzed gas from the second end side of the inner cylinder;exhaust means provided connected to the outer cylinder, the exhaust means being for exhausting the heating gas within the outer cylinder;gas extraction means for extracting a portion of the heating gas exhausted by the exhaust gas means; andlow-oxygen concentration gas supply means for supplying the heating gas extracted by the gas extraction means into the inner cylinder so that a concentration of oxygen contained in the heating gas is reduced.2. The coal pyrolysis device according to claim 1 , whereinthe low-oxygen concentration gas supply means include deoxygenation means for removing the oxygen ...

External Gas Heating Device of Coal Pyrolyzing Furnace

An external gas heating device of a coal pyrolyzing furnace is positioned on the middle part of a furnace body and around the outer wall of a carbonizing chamber and comprises more than one group of first gas heater and second gas heater that have the same structure and a gas reversing device. The gas reversing device supplies air and purified gas into a combustion chamber of the first gas heater to be combusted and meanwhile sucks hot waste gas from a combustion chamber of the second gas heater. In the same way, the gas reversing device supplies air and purified gas into the combustion chamber of the second gas heater to be combusted and meanwhile sucks hot waste gas from the combustion chamber of the first gas heater. In the present invention, the aims of energy conservation and consumption reduction are fulfilled, and the coking cost is saved. 1. An external gas heating device of a coal pyrolyzing furnace , which is located around an external wall of a carbonizing room in a middle of a coal pyrolyzing furnace body , comprising at least one group of a first gas heater , a second gas heater having a same structure with the first gas heater , and a gas reversing device; wherein the first gas heater comprises a first combustor , a first coal gas inputting sub-tube and a first storing heat exchanger , the first combustor forms a relatively closed coal gas combustion flame path , the first coal gas inputting sub-tube is communicated with a bottom of the first combustor , the first storing heat exchanger comprises a first heat storing chamber , a first heat storing body , a first air inputting sub-tube and a first exhaust outputting sub-tube , the first heat storing chamber is provided within an external wall of the furnace body , the first heat storing body is located within the first heat storing chamber , one end of the first heat storing chamber is communicated with the bottom of the first combustor , the other end of the first heat storing chamber is connected with ...

CLOG PREVENTION IN A GAS EXTRACTION SYSTEM OF A PYROLYTIC REACTOR

One variation of a method for converting tires into pyrolytic byproducts includes: in a pyrolytic reactor, thermally depolymerizing a volume of rubber extracted from tires within an inert atmosphere into pyrolytic synthetic gas and solid carbonaceous material; within a centrifuge, removing from the pyrolytic synthetic gas residual solid carbonaceous material carried over from the pyrolytic reactor into the exhaust gas channel; within a vapor-liquid separator, separating vapor-phase pyrolytic synthetic gas from liquid-phase synthetic gas; depositing the liquid-phase synthetic gas into a heavy oil tank to form a cut of heavy oil in liquid phase; condensing a first portion of the vapor-phase synthetic gas in a light oil condenser to form a cut of light oil in liquid-phase; combusting a second portion of vapor-phase gas within a combustor; and recycling a third portion pyrolytic synthetic gas into heating elements within the pyrolytic reactor to heat the pyrolytic reactor. 1. A method for converting tires into pyrolytic oil and pyrolytic synthetic gas comprising:in a pyrolytic reactor, thermally depolymerizing a volume of rubber extracted from tires within an inert atmosphere into a set of pyrolytic byproducts comprising pyrolytic synthetic gas and solid carbonaceous material, heating elements within the pyrolytic reactor regulating temperature within the pyrolytic reactor;extracting the pyrolytic synthetic gas from the pyrolytic reactor via an exhaust gas channel;within a centrifuge, removing from the pyrolytic synthetic gas residual solid carbonaceous material carried over from the pyrolytic reactor into the exhaust gas channel;within a vapor-liquid separator, separating vapor-phase pyrolytic synthetic gas from liquid-phase synthetic gas;depositing the liquid-phase synthetic gas into a heavy oil tank to form a cut of heavy oil in liquid phase;condensing a first portion of the vapor-phase synthetic gas in a light oil condenser to form a cut of light oil in liquid-phase ...

CARBONIZATION FURNACE FOR MANUFACTURING CARBON FIBER BUNDLE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CARBON FIBER BUNDLE

Provided is a carbonization furnace in which disordering of fiber bundles does not occur and there is no lack of uniformity throughout the entire furnace interior, even in the supply of heated inert gas. A carbonization furnace for manufacturing carbon fiber bundles, the furnace being provided with a heat treatment chamber, an inlet sealed chamber and an outlet sealed chamber, a gas spray nozzle, and a conveyance path, wherein: the gas spray nozzle () has a double tube structure obtained from a hollow cylindrical inner tube () and a hollow cylindrical outer tube (), and is disposed in a direction that is horizontal and is orthogonal to the fiber bundle conveyance direction; in the outer tube, multiple gas-spraying holes () are disposed across the width of the conveyance path in the longitudinal direction of the outer tube, and the area of the gas-spraying holes of the outer tube is 0.5 mm2 to 20 mm2; in the inner tube, multiple gas-spraying holes () are disposed across the width of the conveyance path in the longitudinal direction of the inner tube such that the gas-spraying directions of the gas-spraying holes are in two or more directions of the circumferential direction of the inner tube, and the interval of the gas-spraying holes of the inner tube in the longitudinal direction of the inner tube is 300 mm or less. 1. A carbonization furnace for manufacturing a carbon fiber bundle comprising:a heat treatment chamber for heating a fiber bundle which has a fiber bundle inlet and a fiber bundle outlet through which the fiber bundle is introduced and withdrawn and is filled with an inert gas;an inlet sealing chamber and an outlet sealing chamber for sealing the gas in the heat treatment chamber which are arranged to be adjacent to the fiber bundle inlet and the fiber bundle outlet of the heat treatment chamber, respectively;a gas jetting nozzle provided on at least one of the inlet sealing chamber and the outlet sealing chamber; anda conveying path for conveying the ...

EFFICIENT DRYING AND PYROLYSIS OF CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIAL

A method and apparatus for drying and pyrolysing carbon-containing materials to produce valuable products including char, oil, gas and thermal energy. The present invention involves a method whereby carbon-containing material is maintained in a heated region predominantly free of oxidizing gases to promote pyrolysis reactions, and the thermal energy required to drive the process is provided via the combustion of a proportion of the volatilized matter with an oxygen containing gas in the same chamber The arrangement of the chamber eliminates the need for any form of solid physical barrier between the concurrent pyrolysis and combustion reactions occurring in the process, and also avoids any requirement for external means of recirculating the gaseous volatilized matter. The present invention also relates to a method for improving the transfer of thermal energy from the combustion to pyrolysis zones via radiative and convective heat transfer mechanisms. 1. An apparatus for drying and pyrolysing carbon-containing feedstock , the apparatus comprising: one or more inlet ports in an upper portion of the reaction chamber, the inlet ports configured to connect to an oxygen-containing gas source configured to supply oxygen-containing gas to the reaction chamber; and', 'one or more outlet ports in a lower portion of the reaction chamber configured to exhaust gases generated within the reaction chamber;, 'a reaction chamber that is substantially sealed, the reaction chamber for locating therein carbon-containing feedstock, the reaction chamber comprisingwherein, in use, the carbon-containing feedstock is positioned in the reaction chamber such that a top portion of the carbon-containing feedstock is above the one or more outlet ports and at or below the one or more inlet ports;wherein the reaction chamber is configured so that combustion of the top portion of the carbon-containing feedstock provides heat to dry and pyrolyse the carbon-containing feedstock in the reaction ...

Processes for Controlling Afterburn in a Reheater and for Controlling Loss of Entrained Solid Particles in Combustion Product Flue Gas

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fludizing dense bed. 120-. (canceled).21. A pyrolysis system , comprising:i) a pyrolysis reactor configured to pyrolyze solid biomass in the presence of heat transfer particles to produce pyrolysis vapors, char, and cooled heat transfer particles; a) a fluidized dense phase, wherein the reheater is operated to combust at least a portion of the char with an upwardly flowing air stream to form reheated cooled heat transfer particles and upwardly flowing flue gas, the upwardly flowing flue gas containing a further portion of the char; and', 'b) a dilute phase above the fluidized dense phase;, 'ii) a reheater in communication with the pyrolysis reactor, the reheater configured to contain'}iii) a gas-solid separator positioned in the dilute phase; andiv) a dipleg configured to extend from a solids-outlet of the gas-solid separator to a position below a top surface of the fluidized dense phase.22. The pyrolysis system of claim 21 , wherein the pyrolysis system is a rapid thermal processing system.23. The pyrolysis system of claim 22 , further comprising a reheater outlet configured to communicate at least a portion of the reheated cooled heat transfer particles to the pyrolysis ...

FAST PYROLYSIS HEAT EXCHANGER SYSTEM AND METHOD

A fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system for economically and efficiently converting biomass and other combustible materials into bio-oil. The system employs multiple closed loop tubes situated inside the heat exchanger. As a granular solid heat carrier is deposited at the top of the heat exchanger and caused to move downwardly therethrough, heat is transferred from the tubes to the heat carrier which is then transferred to a reactor where it is placed in contact with the combustible materials. 1. A fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system using a granular solid heat carrier comprising:a) a multi-tube heat exchanger having a hot air input passageway connected to one end of the tubes and a cold air discharge passageway connected to the other end of the tubes;b) an elevator having an input passageway for lifting the heat carrier from the top of the input passageway to the top of the heat exchanger;c) a control probe associated with said heat exchanger for sensing the level of heat carrier in the heat exchanger and for regulating the speed at which the elevator operates;d) an auger located at the bottom of the heat exchanger for controlling the movement of the heat carrier through the heat exchanger and for discharging heat carrier from the auger through an output therefrom.2. The fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system of wherein the elevator comprises a vertical fixed auger contained within a rotating shell.3. The elevator of wherein the elevator is airtight.4. The fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system of wherein the auger located at the bottom of the heat exchanger stops the flow of heat carrier from the heat exchanger when not rotating claim 1 , thereby preventing the heat exchanger from emptying.5. The fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system of additionally comprising a reactor having at least a first reactor input wherein the first reactor input is an inverted funnel shape claim 1 , thereby preventing bridging of material flowing through the first reactor input. This ...

IN-FEED HOPPER AND METER FOR CARBON-BASED FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEM

A meter for controlling the flow of feedstock from an in-feed hopper to a distillation unit, including a cylindrical roller having a first end, a second end, and an outer diameter, the roller defining a recess that extends helically substantially from the first end to the second end, a sleeve circumscribing a portion of the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller, the sleeve having an open first side that allows the passage of feedstock into the recess of the roller, and an open second side that allows the passage of feedstock out of the recess of the roller as the roller rotates relative to the sleeve, and a housing fixedly attached to the sleeve and capable of attachment to the in-feed hopper and the distillation unit such that feedstock most pass through the housing to get from the in-feed hopper to the distillation unit. 1. A meter for controlling the flow of feedstock from , an in-feed hopper to a distillation unit , the meter comprising:a cylindrical roller having a first end, a second end, and an outer diameter, the roller defining a recess that extends helically substantially from the first end to the second end;a sleeve circumscribing a portion of the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller, the sleeve having an open first side that allows the passage of feedstock into the recess of the roller, and an open second side that allows the passage of feedstock out of the recess of the roller as the roller rotates relative to the sleeve; anda housing fixedly attached to the sleeve and capable of attachment to the in-feed hopper and the distillation unit such that feedstock must pass through the housing to get from the in-feed hopper to the distillation unit.2. The meter of claim 1 , wherein the meter further comprises:a wear plate having substantially the same length as the roller, and attached to the housing so that an edge of the wear plate is proximate an outer diameter of the roller to shear feedstock extending out of the recess as the roller turns.3. The ...

Carbide producing method and carbide producing device

A carbide producing method for carbonizing a woody biomass to produce a carbide includes a pyrolysis process in which the woody biomass is pyrolyzed and carbonized, an LHV calculating process in which an LHV of the carbide which is a carbonized woody biomass is calculated, and a supplied heat amount control process in which an amount of heat supplied per unit time to the woody biomass in the pyrolysis process on the basis of the calculated LHV is controlled.

GASIFIER AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME FOR GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS AND SOLID WASTE

A gasifier including a vertically disposed furnace body, a feeder disposed in a middle part of the furnace body and communicating with the furnace body, one or two layers of microwave plasma generators, an external heater configured to supply external thermal energy for the gasifier, and a monitoring unit. The furnace body includes an upper nozzle for spraying vapor, a lower nozzle for spraying CO/vapor, a syngas outlet disposed at a top of the furnace body. The upper nozzle for spraying vapor is disposed in a clearance zone of the furnace body, and the lower nozzle for spraying CO/vapor is disposed in a bed zone of the furnace body. The monitoring unit is disposed close to the syngas outlet. The one or two layers of microwave plasma generators are disposed above the upper nozzle in the clearance zone of the gasifier. 2. The gasifier of claim 1 , whereina circulating material outlet is disposed at a bottom of the furnace body and a circulating material inlet is disposed at a top of the furnace body, or the circulating material outlet and the circulating material inlet are both disposed at a sidewall of the furnace body;the external heater is separated from the furnace body and is disposed between the circulating material outlet and the circulating material inlet so that circulating materials can flow out from the circulating material outlet, be heated by the external heater, and flow back to the furnace body from the circulating material inlet; anda heat source of the external heater is microwave, microwave plasma, laser, plasma arc, solar energy, or a combination thereof.3. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the external heater is integrated with the furnace body claim 1 , and a heat source of the external heater is microwave claim 1 , microwave plasma claim 1 , laser claim 1 , plasma arc claim 1 , solar energy claim 1 , bed materials from a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein a microwave ...

Waste Incinerator

A waste incinerator, in a vertical structure and including from the top down: a drying section, a destructive distillation section, a reduction section, and a combustion section. The combustion section includes: two layers of grate bars, a first combustion layer, a second combustion layer, and a third combustion layer. The heat produced from the combustion in the combustion section is used to heat the carbide in the reduction section. The heated carbide reduces CO 2 produced in the combustion into CO (coal gas). The coal gas ascends to the destructive distillation section through the ambient coal gas chamber to heat and destructively distillate the waste to produce the pyrogenic coal gas and the carbide. The carbide drops to the combustion section for combustion, and the pyrogenic coal gas and the coal gas are collected by the draft fan.

HEAT RECOVERY OVEN FOUNDATION

A coke oven includes an oven chamber configured to support and heat a coal bed, a castable slab below the oven chamber, and a foundation supporting the heat recovery oven. One or more beams are positioned between the castable slab and the foundation. The beams extend from a first end of the oven chamber to a second end of the oven chamber, forming a plurality of air gaps between the castable slab and the foundation. Heat from the oven chamber is dissipated by the one or more beams.

OVEN UPTAKES

Systems and apparatuses for controlling oven draft within a coke oven. A representative system includes an uptake damper coupled to an uptake duct that receives exhaust gases from the coke oven and provides the exhaust gases to a common tunnel for further processing. The uptake damper includes a damper plate pivotably coupled to a refractory surface of the uptake duct and an actuator assembly coupled to the damper plate. The damper plate is positioned completely within the uptake duct and the actuator assembly moves the damper plate between a plurality of different configurations by causing the damper plate to rotate relative to the uptake duct. Moving the uptake damper between the different configurations changes the flow rate and pressure of the exhaust gases through the uptake duct, which affects an oven draft within the coke oven. 1. An uptake duct configured to receive exhaust gases , comprising:a channel through which the exhaust gases are configured to pass;a first refractory surface; a damper positioned entirely within the channel, wherein—the damper is movable between a plurality of orientations to change the flow of exhaust gases through the channel; and', 'the damper remains entirely within the channel in each of the plurality of orientations., 'a second refractory surface that opposes the first refractory surface, wherein the first and second refractory surfaces at least partially define the channel;'}2. The uptake duct of claim 1 , wherein the damper is a damper plate having opposing first and second end portions claim 1 , wherein—the second end portion is spaced apart from the first refractory surface by a first distance when the damper plate is in a first of the plurality of orientations, andthe second end portion is spaced apart from the first refractory surface by a second distance less than the first distance when the damper plate is in a second of the plurality of orientations.3. The uptake duct of wherein the damper plate has a plate surface that ...

PROCESSING ORGANIC MATERIALS

A method and an apparatus for pyrolysing a solid organic feed material are disclosed. Solid organic material is moved through a reaction chamber and exposed to a temperature profile within the chamber that dries and pyrolyses the organic material and releases water vapour and a volatile products gas phase. The water vapour phase and the volatile products gas phase are moved counter-current to the solid organic material so that the water vapour phase and condensable components of the volatile products gas phase condense in cooler upstream sections of the chamber and form a liquid water product and a separate liquid oil product. The liquid water product is discharged via an outlet along the length of the chamber and a dried and pyrolysed solid product is discharged from a downstream outlet in the chamber. 1. A method for pyrolysing a solid organic feed material which comprises:(a) supplying the solid organic feed material to an inlet of a pyrolysis reaction chamber;(b) moving the solid organic material through the reaction chamber from the inlet to a downstream end of the chamber and exposing the organic material to a temperature profile within the chamber that dries and pyrolyses the organic material and releases water vapour and a volatile products gas phase from the organic material as the organic material moves through the chamber;(c) moving the water vapour phase and the volatile products gas phase produced by heating the solid organic material in step (b) through the reaction chamber in a direction counter to that of the solid organic material so that the water vapour phase and condensable components of the volatile products gas phase condense in cooler upstream sections of the chamber and form a liquid water product and a separate liquid oil product; and(d) discharging the liquid water product via an outlet along the length of the chamber and a dried and pyrolysed solid product from a downstream outlet in the chamber.2. The method defined in wherein step (b) ...

Production of synthesis gas

Process and reactor for the production of synthesis gas by partial combustion of a hydrocarbon feed. A burner is used with a plurality of coaxial burner channels, wherein at least one channel supplies a flow of a non-gaseous hydrocarbon feed, at least one other channel supplies a flow containing a gaseous hydrocarbon feed and at least one further channel supplies a non-hydrocarbon moderator gas.

DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A gasifier configured to receive biomass, including: a pyroreactor defining a first end, a second end, and an interior lumen, the first end defining a biomass inlet, the second end defining a pyroreactor outlet; a reduction basket arranged proximal the pyroreactor outlet, the reduction basket including a closed end and a basket opening opposing the closed end; a set of air manifolds fluidly connected to the interior lumen of the pyroreactor through a set of air inlets arranged between the first and second ends, proximal the second end; and a gasifier housing enclosing the pyroreactor, reduction basket, and set of air manifolds within a housing lumen. 1. A gasifier configured to receive biomass , comprising:a pyroreactor defining a first end, a second end, and an interior lumen, the first end defining a biomass inlet, the second end defining a pyroreactor outlet;a reduction basket arranged proximal the pyroreactor outlet, the reduction basket comprising a closed end and a basket opening opposing the closed end;a set of air manifolds fluidly connected to the interior lumen of the pyroreactor through a set of air inlets arranged between the first and second ends, proximal the second end; anda gasifier housing enclosing the pyroreactor, reduction basket, and set of air manifolds within a housing lumen.2. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the air manifolds are fluidly connected to a gasifier housing exterior.3. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the pyroreactor is thermally insulated.4. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the pyroreactor further comprises a burner arranged within the interior lumen proximal the air inlets.5. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the second end is tapered toward the pyroreactor opening.6. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the reduction basket is arranged with the basket opening proximal the pyroreactor outlet.7. The gasifier of claim 6 , wherein the reduction basket closed end is perforated.8. The gasifier of claim 6 , wherein the reduction ...

Coal pyrolyzing and carbonizing device of coal pyrolyzing furnace

A coal pyrolyzing and carbonizing device of a coal pyrolyzing furnace is arranged in a center of a body of the coal pyrolyzing furnace and includes: a carbonizing room, an external gas heating device, an internal burning heating device and a flame path bow, wherein the carbonizing room is in a loop chamber above the flame path bow, the loop camber is formed by an internal loop wall and an external loop wall made of fire-resistant and heat-conductive materials; the external gas heating device is around an external circle of the external loop wall of the carbonizing room, wherein the external gas heating device comprises at least one equal set of a first gas heater, a second gas heater and a gas reversing device; the internal burning heating device is inside the internal loop wall of the carbonizing room. 1. A coal pyrolyzing and carbonizing device of a coal pyrolyzing furnace , arranged in a center of a body of said coal pyrolyzing furnace , comprising: a carbonizing room , an external gas heating device , an internal burning heating device and a flame path bow , wherein said carbonizing room is in a loop chamber above said flame path bow , said loop camber is formed by an internal loop wall and an external loop wall made of fire-resistant and heat-conductive materials; said external gas heating device is around an external circle of said external loop wall of said carbonizing room , wherein said external gas heating device comprises at least one equal set of a first gas heater , a second gas heater and a gas reversing device; said internal burning heating device is inside said internal loop wall of said carbonizing room , wherein said internal burning heating device comprises at least one equal set of a third gas heater , a fourth gas heater and a coke quenching exhaust heater.2. The coal pyrolyzing and carbonizing device claim 1 , as recited in claim 1 , wherein said first gas heater of said external gas heating device comprises a first combustor claim 1 , a first ...

Production, Conditioning, Testing and Applications of Cardboard and Chipboard Biochar

Processing vessel systems; methods for biochar production; methods for biochar conditioning; methods for cardboard and chipboard biochar blending; and methods for co-generated heat from cardboard and chipboard pyrolysis. Cardboard and chipboard are paper-based products consisting of virgin or post-consumer waste abandoned fibers, repurposed as feedstocks used for thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis) and carbonization of ligno cellulosic biomass. The conditioned cardboard and chipboard biochars improve soil nutrition, improve soil moisture retention, slow soil mineralization, bind or limit heavy metal uptake in soils and plants, improve plant physiological response such as water use efficiency. Co-generation of bioenergy output during pyrolysis is also involved. 1providing a feedstock comprising one or both of cardboard and chipboard;reducing the size of the feedstock;charging the reduced size feedstock into a processing vessel; andpyrolyzing the reduced size feedstock in the processing vessel at a maximum temperature of at least about 500° C., to create biochar.. A method for producing biochar, comprising: This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/930,569, filed Jan. 23, 2014, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The present invention relates to processing vessels, production (pyrolysis), post-pyrolysis conditioning, testing and application of cardboard and chipboard biochars to resolve agricultural and environmental needs and provide bioenergy.Cardboard (CB) and chipboard (ChB) solid wastes represent between 1-2% of all solid waste in landfills in the United States; 2% of the residential waste stream and 30% of all commercial/industrial solid waste is comprised of these ligno cellulosic-derived materials. Sadly the vast majority of this waste finds its way not to recycling but to abandonment. Removal from waste sites would improve soil and air quality through a reduction in aerobic and anaerobic ...

Combined Heat, Power, and Biochar with Ventilator

The production of biochar generates syngas, VOCs, CO and other gasses that can adsorb to biochar and reduce the quality of the final product. A controller measures the operating parameters, such as temperature, pressure and oxygen level, and automatically controls a feedstock auger motor, blower(s) and other subsystems of a continuous combined heat, power and biochar carbonizer. The carbonizer pyrolyzes feedstock. A catalytic converter combusts unburned components in by-product gases and generates additional thermal energy. Thermal energy drives an engine, such as a Sterling, steam, or ORC engine, to generate electricity or operate a mechanical device. Remaining thermal energy is transferred using another medium, such as air or water, via a heat exchanger. The feedstock is purposefully incompletely combusted, to produce biochar that consists largely of carbon. The biochar may be used to augment soil for cultivation, filtration or for other purposes. Some embodiments condense water from the exhaust to provide potable water. 1. A continuous biochar carbonizer , comprising:an enclosed combustion chamber having an exhaust stream;a catalytic converter disposed within the exhaust stream;a heat-driven engine thermally coupled to the exhaust stream, downstream of the catalytic converter;a motor-driven feedstock conveyor coupled to the combustion chamber;a motor-driven blower communicably coupled between a fresh air supply and the combustion chamber;an enclosed biochar collection chamber;a motor-driven biochar conveyor coupled between the combustion chamber and the biochar collection chamber;at least one sensor selected from: a temperature sensor disposed within the biochar collection chamber, a volatile gas sensor disposed within the biochar collection chamber, a temperature sensor disposed within the combustion chamber, an oxygen sensor disposed within the combustion chamber, a temperature sensor disposed within the exhaust stream upstream of the catalytic converter, a ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MATERIAL TREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS

The invention relates to an apparatus for the material treatment of raw materials. The apparatus has a heating system, a distillation unit and a reaction unit to be loaded with the raw materials for treatment. The heating system can be opened and closed to be fitted with the reaction unit. The heating system comprises a top element and a jacket element firmly connected to the top element, and supporting elements. The length of the support elements can be varied in the vertical direction, between two end positions, the heating system can be opened and closed in the vertical direction of movement. The invention further relates to a method for operating an apparatus for the material treatment of raw materials. 112.-. (canceled)13. An apparatus for material treatment of raw materials , comprising ,a heating system, a distillation unit and a reaction unit,wherein the reaction unit is configured to be charged with raw materials, and the heating system is configured to be moved in vertical direction into an open position and a closed position for placement of the reaction unit; wherein the heating system comprises a head element, a jacket element and support elements, said head element securely fastened at the support elements whose length is changeable in vertical direction, so that by a change in length of the support elements between two end positions the vertical movement of the heating system into an open and/or a closed position is effected.14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the heating system includes two support elements with one support element arranged at each side of the heating system.15. The apparatus according to claims 13 , wherein the jacket element is configured with a hollow cylindrical wall that is open at a lower end and at an upper end is closed with a circular cap claims 13 , said cap connected with the head element.16. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the cap at a center point is configured with a exhaust gas stub to ...

System and method for rapid pyrolysis of coal

The present invention provides a system and a method for rapid pyrolysis of coal. The system comprises: a rapid pyrolysis reactor, which comprises: a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; said dispersion region comprises: a material distributor; a coal inlet arranged above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet connected to the material distributor; said pyrolysis region comprises: multilayer regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction; said discharge region comprises: a semi-coke outlet; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively; a slag cooler connected to the semi-coke outlet, and a cooling device connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet.

PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS

Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock. 1. A method comprising:delivering a feedstock to a main retort that is disposed within a combustion chamber containing one or more burners;utilizing the burners to generate hot flue gases and thereby at least partially pyrolyze the feedstock, generating syngas; anddrawing the flue gases and syngas into a mixing chamber by applying a negative pressure to the main retort and combustion chamber.2. The method of further comprising:exhausting the flue gases from the combustion chamber through a flue gas relief duct having a first end in sealing fluid communication with the combustion chamber and a second end in fluid communication with the mixing chamber; andexhausting the syngas from the main retort through a syngas relief duct disposed within the flue gas relief duct, the syngas relief duct having a first end in fluid communication with the main retort and a second end in fluid communication with the mixing chamber.3. The method of wherein a long axis of the syngas relief duct is disposed generally perpendicular to a horizontal plane taken through a long axis of the main retort.4. The method of wherein a long axis of the flue gas relief duct is also disposed generally perpendicular to the horizontal plane. This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/365,633, filed Nov. 30, 2016, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/196,645, filed Jun. 29, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,534,175, granted on Jan. 3, 2017, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/105,832, filed Dec. 13, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,394,484, granted on Jul. 19, 2016, ...

PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR CONTINUOUS CHARCOAL PRODUCTION

Continuous charcoal production system in a vertical reactor with a concentric charging zone () and drying zone (), a carbonization zone (), a cooling zone () and a discharge zone (), and a method for recovering energy from carbonization gases for the production of this charcoal, comprising the extraction of carbonization gas from the drying zone () and subdividing it into recirculating gas and heating gas, with the remaining gas exceeding the energy required to generate electricity; burning the heating gas in a hot gas generator (); injecting the recirculating gas into a heat recovery unit (); injecting the heating gas after combustion into the heat recovery unit (), indirect heating of the recirculating gas; and reinjecting the heated recirculating gas into the carbonization zone () of the reactor (R).

MOLECULAR PYRODISAGGREGATOR

A molecular pyrodisaggregation system having a loading column for loading materials to be disaggregated into the pyrodisaggregator, a thermal propeller for generating hot fumes to circulate in the pyrodisaggregator, and a condenser connected to an exit from the pyrodisaggregator for cooling gases from the pyrodisaggregator. The pyrodisaggregator has a furnace having a furnace wall defining a chamber within the furnace, a fuser tube within the furnace chamber, a channel within the furnace chamber between the fuser tube and the furnace wall, an Archimedes screw within the fuser tube for moving material to be disaggregated through the furnace, a first exit for inert materials from the fuser tube, a second exit for gases from the fuser tube, and a third exit for fumes circulating through the channel in the furnace. 1. A molecular pyrodisaggregation system comprising: a furnace, said furnace having a chamber;', 'a fuser tube within said furnace chamber;', 'an Archimedes screw within said fuser tube for moving material to be disaggregated through said fuser tube;', 'a first furnace exit for inert materials from said fuser tube;', 'a second furnace exit for gases from said fuser tube; and', 'a third furnace exit from fumes circulating through said furnace chamber;, 'a pyrodisaggregator, said pyrodisaggregator comprising 'said fuser tube is connected to said first exit and said second exit;', 'wherein'}a loading column connected to said pyrodisaggregator for loading materials to be disaggregated into said fuser tube in said furnace;a thermal propeller connected to said furnace, wherein hot fumes from said thermal propeller circulate in said chamber in said furnace around said fuser tube; anda condenser connected to said second exit.2. A molecular pyrodisaggregation system according to claim 1 , wherein said condenser comprises:an entry dome connected to said second exit from said furnace for receiving gases from said pyrodisaggregator;a cold water chamber surrounding said ...

Automatic draft control system for coke plants

A coke oven includes an oven chamber, an uptake duct in fluid communication with the oven chamber, the uptake duct being configured to receive exhaust gases from the oven chamber, an uptake damper in fluid communication with the uptake duct, the uptake damper being positioned at any one of multiple positions, the uptake damper configured to control an oven draft, an actuator configured to alter the position of the uptake damper between the positions in response to a position instruction, a sensor configured to detect an operating condition of the coke oven, wherein the sensor includes one of a draft sensor, a temperature sensor configured to detect an uptake duct temperature or a sole flue temperature, and an oxygen sensor, and a controller being configured to provide the position instruction to the actuator in response to the operating condition detected by the sensor.

INTEGRATED COKE PLANT AUTOMATION AND OPTIMIZATION USING ADVANCED CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

The present technology is generally directed to integrated control of coke ovens in a coke plant in order to optimize coking rate, product recovery, byproducts and/or unit lime consumption. Optimization objectives are achieved through controlling certain variables (called control variables) by manipulating available handles (called manipulated variables) subject to constraints and system disturbances that affect the controlled variables. 1. A system for integrating control of a coking oven , the system comprising:an oven chamber having controllable air openings; the oven chamber is configured to operate within a temperature profile, wherein the opening and/or closing of the air openings are controllable as manipulated variables to be responsive to optimal set-point temperature profile trajectories in the oven chamber as a controlled variable in the system;an uptake in fluid communication with the oven chamber; the uptake damper controllable as a manipulated variable to be responsive to a change in the temperature profile of the oven as a controlled variable;wherein the controlled variables and the manipulated variables control optimization of a coking rate, an energy efficiency of the system, product yield, and byproducts.2. The system of wherein the oven chamber includes a crown and sole flues and the controlled variable includes controlling temperature in the crown claim 1 , in the sole flues claim 1 , and/or draft in the crown.3. The system of wherein the oven chamber and/or the sole flue includes a push side and a coke side and wherein the controlled variable includes controlling to a temperature differential between the push side and the coke side.4. The system of wherein the air openings are at least one of a sole flue damper claim 1 , door hole damper claim 1 , or top air hole damper in the crown claim 1 , wherein the manipulated variables include opening or closing the uptake claim 1 , sole flue damper claim 1 , door hole damper or top air hole damper in ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CARBONIFICATION OF CROP STRAWS

The present invention is to provide a method for carbonification of crop straws and a device thereof. Pyrolysis process is controlled by regulating the feeding of oxygen during said pyrolysis process, and pyrolysis and carbonification are respectively conducted in separate pyrolysis and carbonification pools, wherein the straws are pyrolyzed in said pyrolysis pool and entered into said carbonification pool to be carbonified. The present invention can quickly raise the temperature of the pyrolysis process, shorten the time of the pyrolysis process, and improve the pyrolysis carbonification efficiency. 11235436311271728122. A device for carbonification of crop straws , comprising a pyrolysis pool () , a carbonification pool () and a regulated oxygen feeding pipe () , wherein a butterfly valve () for the oxygen feeding pipe is provided at an oxygen feeding port () of said regulated oxygen feeding pipe () , branch oxygen supply ports () connected to said regulated oxygen feeding pipe () are in communication with said pyrolysis pool () , and said pyrolysis pool () and carbonification pool () are two separate units of the device , and wherein one or more furnace grates () of turn plate type are provided within said pyrolysis pool () , said furnace grates () being connected to a shaft or several shafts , and wherein said carbonification pool () is located below a material discharging port () of said pyrolysis pool () and is provided with a cover () having a one-way ventilator.29191110121111101314131514. The device for carbonification of crop straws according to claim 1 , further comprising a gas collecting shell () provided above said pyrolysis pool () claim 1 , wherein said gas collecting shell () is in communication with a settlement room () through a gas channel () claim 1 , and a stage or several stages of spacers () are provided in said settlement room () claim 1 , a top end of which settlement room () is in communication with said gas channel () and is provided with ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF A MATERIAL FLOW CONTAINING CARBON

In the method according to the invention for increasing the calorific value of a material flow containing carbon, preferably a material flow of renewable raw materials, the material flow is brought in direct contact with at least one low-oxygen, inert hot gas flow in a reactor, wherein the hot gas flow is formed at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, by exhaust gas of a process for thermally processing cement raw meal and/or lime and/or an ore, wherein at least part of a preheater exhaust gas for preheating the cement raw meal and/or lime and/or ore is used as the hot gas flow. 1241. A process for increasing the calorific value of a carbon-containing stream () , preferably a stream composed of renewable raw materials , where the stream is brought into direct contact with at least one low-oxygen , inert hot gas stream () in a reactor () ,{'b': 4', '7', '4, 'characterized in that the hot gas stream () is formed to an extent of at least 50% by exhaust gas from a process () for the thermal treatment of cement raw meal and/or lime and/or an ore, with at least part of a preheater exhaust gas from the preheating of the cement raw meal and/or lime and/or ore being used as hot gas stream ().'}22171317. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the carbon-containing stream () which has been treated in the reactor () is utilized as solid fuel in the thermal treatment process () and/or an exhaust gas () from the reactor () is fed as gaseous fuel to the thermal treatment process ().3421. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the hot gas stream () is utilized for the drying and/or torrefaction of the stream () in the reactor ().44. The process as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that an exhaust gas (′) formed in the drying is utilized for recovery of water.58102. The process as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that a torrefied material () formed in the torrefaction is cooled and a cooler exhaust gas () formed in the cooling is used as ...

Fast Pyrolysis Heat Exchanger System and Method

A fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system and method for economically and efficiently converting biomass and other combustible materials into bio-oil. The system employs multiple closed loop tubes situated inside the heat exchanger. As heat carrier is deposited at the top of the heat exchanger and caused to move downwardly therethrough, heat is transferred from the tubes to the heat carrier which is then transferred to a reactor where it is placed in contact with the combustible materials. Vapor containing char fines is discharged from the reactor into a vacuum-operated blow back filter. The blow back filter is activated when a drop in vacuum level at the output of the reactor is detected. Thereby, excess char buildup on the blow back filter elements is removed. 1. A fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system using a heat carrier comprising:a closed loop multi-tube heat exchanger having a hot air input passageway connected to one end of the tubes and a cold air discharge passageway connected to the other end of the tubes;an elevator having an input passageway for lifting heat carrier deposited at the top of the input passageway and for transporting the heat carrier to the top of said heat exchanger;a control probe associated with said heat exchanger for sensing the level of heat carrier in the heat exchanger and for regulating the speed at which said elevator means operates;an auger located at the bottom of said heat exchanger for controlling the movement of the heat carrier through said heat exchanger and for discharging heat carrier from said auger through an output therefrom;a reactor having a first reactor input, a second reactor input, a first reactor output and a second reactor output;a reactor discharge passageway having an input and an output, the input of which is connected to the first reactor output;a vacuum-operated blow back filter having an input connected to the output of said reactor discharge passageway, a clean vapor output passageway and a char output ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF TREATING BIOMASS WASTES BY BIOCHEMISTRY-THERMOCHEMISTRY MULTI-POINT INTERCONNECTION

The present invention discloses a method and a system of treating biomass wastes by biochemistry-thermochemistry multi-point interconnection. The present invention applies solid, gas and liquid products of the thermochemical treatment subsystem to the biochemical treatment subsystem and applies heat produced by the biochemical treatment subsystem to the thermochemical treatment subsystem, forming multi-point and two-way interconnection between the biochemical treatment subsystem and the thermochemical treatment subsystem, thereby increasing the yield and stability of energy gas of the biochemical treatment subsystem and reducing pollution and energy consumption of the thermochemical treatment subsystem respectively. The present invention is suitable for treating biomass wastes with high and low water contents at the same time, producing soil amendment, liquid fuel and biogas, having properties of low secondary pollution and significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission and so on. The bio-stability, humus content and nitrogen content of the solid product are as high as soil amendment, making it easy to store and transport. 1. A method of treating biomass wastes by biochemistry-thermochemistry multi-point interconnection , characterized in that , it includes steps of:(1) Converting dry biomass wastes into pyrolysis gas, biochar, pyrolysis oil and aqueous condensate by a pyrolyzing unit;(2) Feeding the pyrolysis gas and the aqueous condensate into an anaerobic digestion unit for treating wet biomass wastes;(3) Feeding the biochar into the anaerobic digestion unit wherein the biochar are discharged with digestion residues of the anaerobic digestion unit;(4) Separating the digestion residues into slurry and fiber digestate by a solid-liquid separation unit;(5) Conducting post-treatment on the fiber digestate in a composting unit to form a compost product;(6) Employing heat produced by using the pyrolysis oil and biogas to dry the fiber digestate, the compost and other ...

저온 건류 드럼의 가열방법 및 장치(method and device for heating a low-temperature distillation drum)

一种焦炉正压烘炉工艺

本发明涉及焦炉烘炉技术领域，尤其涉及一种焦炉正压烘炉工艺。1)采用0.035～0.05％的最大日膨胀率计算升温天数，绘制焦炉升温曲线；2)每座焦炉只在单侧布置管道，每两个燃烧器共用一套正压烘炉设备，即每两个炭化室仅使用一套正压烘炉设备；3)控制炭化室压力50～300Pa；4)设定不同温度区间的空气系数α值，通过在线废气分析仪表的测量结果计算实际空气系数α 1 ；5)设定不同温度区间的空气系数α值(2～40)，使空气系数的实际值α 1 与保持在设定的α范围内；6)待焦炉温度达到所需温度后，烘炉过程结束。能够显著降低烘炉设备成本，缩短烘炉天数，并提高炉体严密性，以更好的实现焦炉污染物源头减量控制，延长了焦炉的预期寿命。

Промышленный комплекс для производства древесного угля безотходным способом низкотемпературного пиролиза из брикетированных древесных отходов

Изобретение описывает промышленный комплекс для производства древесного угля из брикетированных древесных отходов, включающий участок подготовки теплоносителя, участок подготовки измельченных древесных отходов, участок сушки древесины, оснащенный устройством для сушки, участок брикетирования, участок низкотемпературного пиролиза, характеризующийся тем, что участок подготовки газообразного теплоносителя выполнен в виде комплексного теплогенератора, снабженного топочной камерой для получения топочных газов, узлом сжигания утилизированных пиролизных газов, а также узлом ввода в генерируемый теплоноситель по крайней мере части парогазовой смеси с низким содержанием кислорода и повышенным содержанием пара, возвращенной с участка сушки; участок подготовки измельченных древесных отходов, расположенный перед участком сушки, включает по меньшей мере один приемный бункер исходного сырья, дробильно-размольное оборудование, по крайней мере один бункер-накопитель, размещенный перед впускным каналом сушильного устройства и снабженный питателем-дозатором; участок сушки древесины оснащен сушильным устройством, работающим в режиме совместной циркуляции во взвешенном состоянии парогазового теплоносителя и измельченной древесины в пределах рабочей зоны, выполненной в виде закольцованного канала, при этом сушильное устройство включает узел ввода частиц древесины, узел ввода теплоносителя с низким содержанием кислорода, узел вывода частиц древесины парогазовым потоком, выполненный с возможностью полного вывода частиц, а также полного или частичного их возврата на дополнительный цикл сушки, причем узел вывода выполнен с возможностью предотвращения проникновения кислорода в рабочую зону сушильного устройства; участок для разделения смешанного потока, выходящего из сушильного устройства, на парогазовую смесь и измельченную древесину выполнен с возможностью рекуперации по меньшей мере части парогазовой смеси в комплексном теплогенераторе участка подготовки газообразного теплоносителя и ...

一种煤热解炉的火道弓

本发明公开一种煤热解炉的火道弓，设置在炭化室、内燃烧加热装置、焦改质装置下方的炉腔中，主要包括条弓和火弓中心环墙，所述的火弓中心环墙中部形成高温可燃废气通道653，所述的条弓一端固定在火弓中心环上，另一端固定在炉体上，条弓围绕火弓中心环墙中心以一定角度间隔辐射状散开布置，数量与内燃烧加热装置的主、副内火道总数一致，其中上一条火弓的墙体中铺设第三煤气进入支管和第三蓄热腔的延伸通道，紧相邻的另下一条火弓的墙体中铺设的一次补气管、二次补气管，如此重复铺设。本发明技术方案既给煤热解炉炉腔中的炭化室内环墙以及内燃烧加热装置的火道隔墙、中心环墙等提供支撑，同时又给内燃烧加热装置提供各种管道的铺设。

Air diffuser for primary air in coke ovens

FIELD: heating. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for directional intake of primary air in the coking chamber of the coke oven, and can be used in the chemical industry. The feeding device of primary air for combustion of coke gas comprises inlet openings 6 in the roof or the wall of the coke oven chamber 5 above the door 11 of the chamber 5, or in the door 11 of the chamber 5, frontally closing the gas space located above the coke cake in each coke oven chamber 5. Primary air is fed through the inlet openings 6 into the space located above the coke cake and filled with coke gas. In at least one of the inlet openings 6 the nozzle is mounted having the nozzles on the side facing inward of the furnace, having with a vertically extending perpendicular to the roof or the side wall of the chamber 5, or the side door 11 of the coke oven chamber 5 directed outward the opening 6 the angle greater than 0°. EFFECT: invention enables to improve the distribution of primary air for combustion and to optimize combustion of coke gas. 41 cl, 4 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C10B 15/02 C10B 5/06 C10B 21/10 F27D 7/02 (13) 2 539 011 C2 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2011118365/05, 09.09.2009 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 09.09.2009 (72) Автор(ы): КИМ Рональд (DE) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ТИССЕНКРУПП УДЕ ГМБХ, Германия (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.11.2012 Бюл. № 32 R U 09.10.2008 DE 102008050599.4 (45) Опубликовано: 10.01.2015 Бюл. № 1 1669970 A1, 15.08.1991. UA 41943 C2, 15.10.2001. CN 201100634 Y, 13.08.2008. DE 81916 C, 04.07.1895. (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 10.05.2011 2 5 3 9 0 1 1 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: DE 102005015301 A1, 05.10.2006. SU (86) Заявка PCT: 2 5 3 9 0 1 1 R U C 2 C 2 EP 2009/006527 (09.09.2009) ...

Device for supply of combustion air or gas, which influences coking of bituminous coal, to upper zone of furnaces

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: device for supply of combustion air of coke furnace gas to a coking chamber of the coke furnace with or without heat utilisation is proposed. Upper part of coke furnace is equipped with holes, through which primary air is supplied to it, and lower part of coke surface is equipped with holes, through which it is heated with secondary air. The furnace is equipped with the so called down coming gas lines that allow directing the product of partial gas combustion inside the furnace for combustion by means of secondary air to lower furnace zone - in side furnace wall above the door zone or in upper door part there is one or more non-controlled holes made from fire-resistant material and intended for direction of some part of primary air, and in upper furnace zone there are additional air supply channels with suction connection pipes, which are led through upper furnace surface and equipped with controlled locking elements. With that, additional primary air is passed via the above channels with suction connection pipes. A non-controlled hole above the furnace door or in the furnace door represents a nozzle-like device made from fire-resistant aluminous or siliceous oxide material or from siliceous-aluminous oxide material, and the above hole converges in its cross section in flow direction in the pipe; as a result, higher flow velocity appears in the pipe. Besides, a method for supply of combustion air of gas in a coking chamber of coke furnaces is proposed. EFFECT: control of air supply, which leads to uniform coke production. 28 cl, 4 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 500 785 (13) C2 (51) МПК C10B C10B C10B C10B C10B 15/02 15/00 21/10 21/22 29/00 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010113356/04, 22.08.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 22.08.2008 (72) Автор(ы): КИМ Рональд (DE), ШУМАХЕР Ральф (DE) ...

Waste processing system

FIELD: processing of waste. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of waste, namely to a waste processing method for a waste processing system with a heating chamber, a primary chamber located inside the heating chamber, a secondary chamber and a cover. The method includes the following stages: loading the raw material into the primary chamber, heating the secondary chamber, heating the heating chamber with the raw material inside, rotating the primary chamber during the process of heating the primary chamber, cooling the heating chamber after heating, and removing the residual concentrate after heating the heating chamber, collecting synthesis gas in the cover, produced in the process of heating the heating chamber, supplying the synthesis gas from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber via an exhaust channel of the primary chamber and an exhaust channel of the secondary chamber, wherein the primary chamber is connected with the secondary chamber by the exhaust channel of the primary chamber, directly connected with the exhaust channel of the secondary chamber, combusting the synthesis gas in the secondary chamber and removing the burnt gas from the waste processing system via the exhaust channel of the secondary chamber connected with the secondary chamber. EFFECT: safe utilisation of harmful components present in the waste, with simultaneous effective extraction of noble metals and rare earth elements. 10 cl, 9 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 753 860 C1 (51) МПК B09B 3/00 (2006.01) C10B 47/30 (2006.01) C10B 53/02 (2006.01) C10B 53/07 (2006.01) F23G 7/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B09B 3/00 (2021.01); C10B 47/30 (2021.01); C10B 53/02 (2021.01); C10B 53/07 (2021.01); F23G 7/00 (2021.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020111701, 30.08.2018 30.08.2018 (73) Патентообладатель(и): СИРКУЛАР РЕСОРСИЗ (АЙПИ) ПТЕ ЛИМИТЕД (SG) Дата регистрации: 24.08.2021 (56) Список документов, ...

Coke oven flue gas sharing

본 발명은 코오킹 오븐이 석탄으로 충전된 후 적어도 초기 코오킹 작동과정 동안, 코오크 오븐을 위한 단일 연소가스장치 내의 가스흐름비를 감소시키기 위한 장치 및 방법을 제공하는 것이다. 본 발명에 의한 방법은 가스의 일부분 이상을 제 1 코오킹 챔버내의 가스공간으로부터 제 2 코오크 오븐으로 직접적으로 전달하기 위하여, 제 1 코오킹 챔버를 가지는 제 1 코오크 오븐과 제 2 코오킹 챔버를 가지는 제 2 코오크 오븐사이에서 덕트장치를 제공하고, 따라서 제 1 코오크 오븐의 제 1 단일 연소가스장치 내의 가스흐름비를 감소시키는 것을 포함한다. 단일 연소가스 흐름비의 감소는 제품의 생산량, 코오크 오븐의 수명 그리고 코오크 오븐으로부터 휘발재(volatile)의 방출(emission)에 대한 환경적인 컨트롤에 있어서 유익한 효과를 가진다.

Method and device for heating a low-temperature distillation drum

건류가스(s)를 발생시키도록 설계된 건류드럼(4)을 가열하기 위해, 가열가스회로(70, 72)에 이송되는 가열가스(g)가 사용된다. 건류장치(1)를 특히 효율적으로 그리고 자율적으로 작동시키기 위해, 본 발명에 따라 가열가스(g)가 건류가스(s)의 일부(t 1 )를 연소시킴으로써 발생된다. 건류/연소설비에서, 특히 건류장치(1)로 개장한 연소장치(2)에서, 발생된 건류가스(s)의 나머지(t 2 )가 연소장치(2)에 공급된다.

Improved combustion profiles for coke production

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to combustion profiles of a coke furnace, as well as to methods and systems for optimization of operation and output of a coke plant. Method comprises: loading coal layer into chamber of horizontal coke furnace with heat recovery; creation of negative pressure in the furnace chamber for the thrust so that air is sucked into the furnace chamber through at least one air inlet located for arrangement of the furnace chamber in fluid communication with the environment of the horizontal coke furnace with heat recuperation. Then initiation of carbonization cycle of coal layer so that volatile substance is released from coal layer, mixed with air and at least partially burned inside furnace chamber, generating heat inside furnace chamber. Suction by negative pressure rod of volatile substance into at least one bottom channel located below furnace bottom, at that at least part of volatile substance burning inside bottom channel generates heat inside bottom channel, which is at least partially transmitted through under furnace to layer coal. Suction by means of thrust of negative pressure of exhaust gases from at least one bottom channel, measurement of temperature in furnace chamber and detection of multiple successive temperature changes during carbonization cycle. Further, negative pressure thrust is reduced by a plurality of consecutive separate flow reduction steps in response to detecting each of the plurality of successive temperature changes until, until the measured temperature reaches the peak temperature at which the negative pressure rod drops to the minimum value. EFFECT: technical result consists in performance of coking with higher speed, which enables to use higher loads of coal. 27 cl, 15 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 697 555 C2 (51) МПК C10B 21/10 (2006.01) C10B 21/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10B 21/10 (2019.05); ...

System for coke furnace loading

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: system comprises an elongated loading frame having a distal end portion, a proximal end portion and opposite lateral sides; and a loading head configured to be connected to the distal end portion of the elongated loading frame. The loading head comprises a flat housing located within the plane of the loading head and having an upper edge portion, a lower edge portion, opposite side portions, a front side and a rear side; and additionally, comprises a pair of opposite wings having free end portions spaced from the loading head, forming open spaces which extend from the inner surfaces of the opposite wings through the plane of the loading head. In other embodiments, the extruding plate is located on the rear side of the loading head and is oriented to cooperate and seal the coal when the coal is loaded throughout the length of the coke furnace. In other embodiments, the loading plates extend outwardly from the interior surfaces of the opposite wings. EFFECT: increasing productivity of the coke furnace. 38 cl, 29 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 644 461 C1 (51) МПК C10B 31/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10B 31/00 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017110017, 28.08.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 12.02.2018 28.08.2014 US 62/043,359 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 6059932 A, 09.05.2000. US (45) Опубликовано: 12.02.2018 Бюл. № 5 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 28.03.2017 3912091 A, 14.10.1975. US 4211611 A, 08.07.1980. US 5447606 A, 05.09.1995. US 20120030998 A1, 09.02.2012. SU 603346 A3, 15.04.1978. (86) Заявка PCT: 2 6 4 4 4 6 1 R U (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2016/033511 (03.03.2016) C 1 C 1 US 2015/047511 (28.08.2015) 2 6 4 4 4 6 1 (73) Патентообладатель(и): САНКОУК ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ ЭНД ДИВЕЛОПМЕНТ ЭлЭлСи (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U 28. ...

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fluidizing dense bed.

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fludizing dense bed.

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fluidizing dense bed.

Patent JPS6260604B2

Automatic draft control system for coke plants

A coke oven includes an oven chamber, an uptake duct in fluid communication with the oven chamber, the uptake duct being configured to receive exhaust gases from the oven chamber, an uptake damper in fluid communication with the uptake duct, the uptake damper being positioned at any one of multiple positions, the uptake damper configured to control an oven draft, an actuator configured to alter the position of the uptake damper between the positions in response to a position instruction, a sensor configured to detect an operating condition of the coke oven, wherein the sensor includes one of a draft sensor, a temperature sensor configured to detect an uptake duct temperature or a sole flue temperature, and an oxygen sensor, and a controller being configured to provide the position instruction to the actuator in response to the operating condition detected by the sensor.

Exhaust flow modifier, duct intersection incorporating the same, and methods therefor

A duct intersection comprising a first duct portion and a second duct portion extending laterally from a side of the first duct portion. At least one flow modifier is mounted inside one of the first and second duct portions. The flow modifier is a contoured duct liner and/or the flow modifier includes at least one turning vane. The duct intersection may also include a transition portion extending between the first and second duct portions, wherein the transition portion has a length extending along a side of the first duct portion and a depth extending away from the side of the first duct portion, wherein the length is greater than a diameter of the second duct portion.

Vent stack lids and associated methods

Coke oven charging system

Heat recovery oven foundation

A coke oven includes an oven chamber configured to support and heat a coal bed, a castable slab below the oven chamber, and a foundation supporting the heat recovery oven. One or more beams are positioned between the castable slab and the foundation. The beams extend from a first end of the oven chamber to a second end of the oven chamber, forming a plurality of air gaps between the castable slab and the foundation. Heat from the oven chamber is dissipated by the one or more beams.

Air distribution system for secondary heating in coke furnace depending on ratio of roof and hearth bottom temperatures

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: device is formed by a sliding gate or parallelepiped like device or a plate moved by a stock. At that the stock moves lengthwise parallel to the wall of coke furnace chamber so that the plates move from secondary air holes opening and closing them. The stock moves due to positioning motor, and power is supplied by hydraulic or pneumatic devices. EFFECT: optimising secondary heating providing even heating on all the sides, improving coke quality. 19 cl, 5 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 493 233 (13) C2 (51) МПК C10B 15/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2011117294/05, 25.08.2009 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 25.08.2009 (72) Автор(ы): КИМ Рональд (DE), МЕРТЕНС Альфред (DE) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ТИССЕНКРУПП УДЕ ГМБХ (DE) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 29.09.2008 DE 102008049316.3 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.11.2012 Бюл. № 31 2 4 9 3 2 3 3 (45) Опубликовано: 20.09.2013 Бюл. № 26 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2007057076 A1, 24.05.2007. WO 2007087839 A1, 08.08.2007. US 4287024 A, 01.09.1981. SU 1701720 A1, 30.12.1991. 2 4 9 3 2 3 3 R U (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2009/006137 (25.08.2009) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 29.04.2011 (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2010/034383 (01.04.2010) Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, стр.3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры" (54) СИСТЕМА РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА ДЛЯ ВТОРИЧНОГО ГОРЕНИЯ В КОКСОВАЛЬНЫХ ПЕЧАХ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ОТНОШЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУР СВОДА И ПОДА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к устройству распределения воздуха для вторичного горения в подовые каналы вторичного воздуха печей камер коксовальной печи. Устройство образовано шиберной заслонкой или параллелепипедальным устройством или пластиной, перемещаемой штоком, причем указанный шток перемещается продольно параллельно ...