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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 2247. Отображено 100.
15-03-2012 дата публикации

method for the thermal treatment of biomass in connection with a boiler plant

Номер: US20120060412A1
Автор: Markku Raiko
Принадлежит: METSO POWER OY

The invention relates to the improvement of the fuel-properties of biomass in an integrated manner to facilitate storage, shipping and applicability thereof. In the process, biomass ( 6 ) is thermally treated within a combustion process to cause partial torrefaction of the organic matter present in biomass, thus yielding components inert to biological decomposition processes. Constituents ( 10 ) separated in gaseous form are utilized as fuel, while the thermally treated biomass ( 8 ) remaining in the solid form is utilized in a separate process.

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Номер записи: 1
24-05-2012 дата публикации

Pyrolyser

Номер: US20120125757A1
Автор: Robert D. Eden
Принадлежит: Process Ltd

The present invention provides a pyrolysis system comprising an entrained flow pyrolyser having an opening through which biomass can be added. The pyrolyser also has an inlet for hot exhaust gas, an outlet for pyrolysed biomass and an outlet for syngas. The system has a burner for producing hot exhaust gas and a conduit between the burner and the hot exhaust gas inlet. A syngas extraction means for extracting syngas from the pyrolyser. The syngas extraction means extracts syngas from the pyrolyser at a rate such that the internal pressure within the pyrolyser never exceeds the pressure external to the pyrolyser.

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Номер записи: 2
07-06-2012 дата публикации

Method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter in order to produce charchoal or char

Номер: US20120137576A1
Автор: Alvaro Lucio
Принадлежит: CAMPELO ROGERIO GERALDO, DE SOUSA VITOR SERGIO, NETO ANTONIO DELFINO SANTOS, VIEIRA SIDNEY PESSOA

The organic matter carbonization process is based on thermal treatment at high temperatures, under a controlled atmosphere, if possible in the absence of oxygen. The organic matter carbonization theory was expounded in this text, with emphasis on the thermodynamic aspects. It is shown in this exposition the important misfit between the endothermic and the exothermic carbonization stages, which hinders the use of the energy emitted during the exothermic stage by the brick kilns. Following there is a summary of the carbonization technique actual stage. The present invention relates to a method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter comprising independent reactors for the drying and pyrolysis of organic matter, and an independent reactor for the charcoal cooling. In this method the volatile products—non condensable gases and condensable pyrolytic vapors—are burned in an independent combustion chamber in order to supply the energy demanded by the process. In this way wood is not burned, and polluting substances are not emitted to the atmosphere. The method proposed by the present invention allows a precise control of the process in order to obtain the specified charcoal fixed carbon content; and a higher gravimetric yield, which gives an increase of the forest wood, either native or cultivated. In the independent pyrolysis and drying reactors proposed by the present invention, exiting flue gases from an external combustion chamber are driven to the drying reactor where the wood onto roll on buckets are heated and dried. Fuel gases emitted by the carbonizing wood are burned in the combustion chamber as an energy source. Inside the combustion chamber is placed a heat exchanger with the aim to reheat the pyrolytic gases. After reheated, these gases return to the carbonizing reactor in order to supply energy for the endothermic carbonizing step. The aim of this technique is to avoid the mixing of the fuel gases with the flue gases generated inside the ...

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Номер записи: 3
07-06-2012 дата публикации

System for conveying hydrocarbonaceous material in a retort structure

Номер: US20120138446A1
Автор: Todd C. Dana
Принадлежит: Individual

A system for conveying material in a high volume, substantially continuous retort process. In the system a material is introduced into the retort and forms a live pile atop a distribution system. As the material falls through the distribution system it is heated to pyrolyze any organic matter. The resulting hydrocarbons are collected and the material is collected at a bottom of the retort structure.

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Номер записи: 4
16-08-2012 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for producing carbon iron composite

Номер: US20120204678A1
Автор: Hidekazu Fujimoto, Takashi Anyashiki, Takeshi Sato, Tetsuya Yamamoto
Принадлежит: JFE Steel Corp

Carbon iron composite is produced by feeding a formed product of a carbon-containing substance and an iron-containing substance into a carbonization furnace, carbonizing the formed product in a carbonization zone, blowing a coolant gas into the furnace through a coolant-gas-blowing tuyere disposed in a cooling zone to cool carbon iron composite, exhausting a furnace gas through an outlet in a top portion, and discharging the carbon iron composite through a lower portion of the cooling zone.

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Номер записи: 5
06-09-2012 дата публикации

Manufacture of Charcoal

Номер: US20120222949A1
Автор: Andrew Mark Elliott
Принадлежит: Individual

Apparatus for the manufacture of charcoal, comprising a unit having walls defining a primary combustion chamber, and a material inlet for allowing a feed of wood chips though said material inlet into said apparatus. A trough is located at a lower height than said material inlet such that material passing through said material inlet is able to fall into the trough. An air inlet is located below the material inlet such that, when wood chips are located within the trough piled up to said material inlet, air passing from said air inlet passes through said wood-chips and into the primary combustion chamber.

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Номер записи: 6
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by means of torrefaction and crushing

Номер: US20120266485A1
Автор: Ralf Abraham, Ralf Schaefer, Stefan Hamel
Принадлежит: PROACTOR SCHUTZRECHTSVERWALTUNGSGMBH, THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH

An apparatus and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by torrefaction. The apparatus including an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements which is temperature resistant up to 350 degrees Celsius, a feed device for hot circulation gas in the lower region of the impact reactor, a feed device for solid or paste-like raw energy materials in the head region of the impact reactor. The apparatus further including at least one withdrawal device for a gas flow having comminuted and torrefacted raw energy particles and a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and torrefacted raw energy particles from the gas flow taken out of the impact reactor.

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Номер записи: 7
07-03-2013 дата публикации

System for recycling captured agglomerated diesel soot and related method

Номер: US20130055699A1
Автор: Michael B. ROHLFS
Принадлежит: Dearborn Financial Inc

A method of recycling captured agglomerated soot captured by and collected from a diesel emission control after-treatment (DECAT) system, the method comprising collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot (CADS) as a feedstock, loading the CADS into a controlled thermochemical conversion (TCC) process reactor, employing time-phased heat and pressure in the controlled TCC process reactor until the CADS sufficiently decompose to reclaim solids, liquid fuels and gases, piping pyrolysis oils (tars) and vapors produced in the controlled TCC process reactor to chambers, cooling and condensing the pyrolysis oils and vapors into a liquid form, and recirculating a pyrolysis gas produced in the controlled TCC process reactor for use as a source of heat and power.

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Номер записи: 8
25-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE TORREFACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20130098751A1
Автор: EYER Andrew, GREENWOOD Brian F., RAWLS Joseph Monroe, STROMBERG Bertil
Принадлежит: ANDRITZ INC.

A method for torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass comprising: continuously feeding the biomass to an upper inlet to the torrefaction reactor vessel such that the biomass material is deposited on an upper tray assembly of tray assemblies stacked vertically within the reactor; as the biomass moves over each tray assembly, heating and drying the biomass material with a non-oxidizing gas under a pressure of at least 3 bar gauge and at a temperature of at least 200° C.; cascading the biomass down through the trays by passing the biomass through an opening in each of the trays to deposit the biomass on the tray of the next lower tray assembly; discharging torrefied biomass from a lower outlet of the torrefaction reactor, and circulating gas extracted from the reactor vessel back to the reactor. 1. A method for torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass using a torrefaction reactor vessel having stacked tray assemblies , the method comprising:feeding the biomass to an upper inlet to the torrefaction reactor vessel such that the biomass material is deposited on an upper tray assembly of a plurality of tray assemblies stacked vertically within the reactor;as the biomass moves across each tray of the tray assembly, heating and drying the biomass material with a gas injected into the vessel, wherein the gas is substantially non-oxidizing of the biomass and is under a pressure of at least 3 bar gauge and at a temperature of at least 200° C., andcascading the biomass down through the trays by passing the biomass through an opening in each of the trays to deposit the biomass on the tray of the next lower tray assembly;discharging torrefied biomass from a lower outlet of the torrefaction reactor, andcirculating gas extracted from the reactor vessel back to the reactor.2. The method of wherein the gas includes a substantial portion of a least one of superheated steam or nitrogen.3. The method of further comprising pressurizing the biomass before the feeding of the biomass into the ...

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Номер записи: 9
02-05-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR THE TORREFACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20130105295A1
Автор: BOLLES John, EYER Andrew, GREENWOOD Brian F., MIELE Jay, NANDY Nachiketa, RAWLS Joseph Monroe, SESTRICH Michael, STROMBERG Bertil, WESTON John
Принадлежит: ANDRITZ INC.

A pressurized torrefaction reactor vessel including: a rotatable shaft extending vertically down from a top of the vessel; scraper devices each at a different elevation within the vessel and mounted to the shaft; a tray associated with each one of the scraper devices such that the scraper device is immediately above a tray of the tray assembly; wherein the tray is an open mesh and impermeable to passage of biomass through the tray; each tray includes a discharge opening to transfer biomass from the tray and down to a tray of a lower one of the tray assemblies, and wherein the discharge opening in the lowermost tray assembly transfers the biomass to a pile of the biomass in the vessel, and a bottom discharge port of the vessel through which the torrefied biomass is discharged. 1. A pressurized torrefaction reactor vessel comprising:a vessel wall extending substantially vertically;a rotatable shaft extending vertically down through a top of the vessel;scraper devices each at a different elevation within the vessel and coaxial to the shaft;tray assemblies wherein each tray assembly is associated with one of the scraper devices such that the scraper device is immediately above a tray of the tray assembly;at least one of the tray assemblies includes the tray, a gas extraction passage below the tray, and a gas injection passage above the tray, wherein the tray is an open mesh or otherwise permeable to gas flow and impermeable to passage of biomass through the tray;each tray includes a discharge opening to transfer biomass from the tray and down to a tray of a lower one of the tray assemblies, and wherein the discharge opening in the lowermost tray transfers the biomass to a pile of the biomass in the vessel;a plurality of gas extraction openings in the vessel wall, wherein at least one of the gas extraction openings is aligned with the gas extraction passage and another one of the gas extraction openings is at an elevation below the lowermost tray assembly and above the ...

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Номер записи: 10
22-08-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR OBTAINING PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS FROM CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20130214207A1
Автор: Gharda Keki Hormusji
Принадлежит:

A process for obtaining petrochemical products from a carbonaceous feedstock is provided. The carbonaceous feedstock may be coal, coke, lignite, biomass, bitumen and the like. The carbonaceous feedstock is pulverized and fed to a pyrolysis reactor where the feedstock is pyrolyzed at 700-1000° C. at a pressure of 2-25 bar for 2-10 seconds, wherein the feedstock is entrained in hot syngas during the pyrolysis process. 1. A process for obtaining petrochemical products from a carbonaceous feedstock , said process comprising the steps of:pulverising a carbonaceous feedstock to obtain a pulverized feedstock having mesh size between 50-300, preferably 100-200; andpyrolyzing the pulverized feedstock with syngas in a pyrolysis reactor at a temperature in the range of 700-1000° C. and a pressure in the range of 2-25 bar for 2-10 seconds to obtain pyrolysate comprising char, fluid petrochemical product, and at least a portion of the syngas.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , which includes the step of selecting the carbonaceous feedstock from at least one material consisting of coal claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , biomass claim 1 , coke claim 1 , bitumen claim 1 , organic waste claim 1 , and the like.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , which includes the step of treating the pyrolsate to separate char claim 1 , fluid petrochemical product claim 1 , and syngas.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , which includes the step of cracking the fluid petrochemical product to obtain at least one hydrocarbon from ethylene claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , benzene claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , xylene claim 1 , methane claim 1 , and ethane.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , which includes the step of entraining the pulverized feedstock in the syngas during pyrolyzing.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , which includes the step of gasifying the char with oxygen and steam at a temperature between 1200-1700° C. and pressure higher than the pyrolyzing pressure to obtain syngas having ...

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Номер записи: 11
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Biofuel pyrolysis device and methods of use thereof

Номер: US20130228443A1
Автор: Edward DEPOULI
Принадлежит: Individual

Described herein are biofuel pyrolysis devices and methods of use thereof. The devices described herein include a reactor having a plurality of chambers wherein the chambers of the reactor can be arranged to have at least one aerobic chamber and anaerobic chamber. In certain aspects, the devices described herein can be used for distilling biomass and for potentially generating torrefied products, which include, but are not limited to, torrefied biomass. In certain aspects, the method describe herein include, but are not limited to, introducing biomass onto at least one tray of a plurality of trays in a first chamber of the reactor, heating the biomass in the first chamber with heated vapor from at least one vapor inlet, and transferring the biomass from an upper tray to at least one of the following: a lower tray, a biomass outlet, another chamber (i.e., at least a second chamber), or any combination thereof.

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Номер записи: 12
05-09-2013 дата публикации

BIOMASS TORREFACTION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20130228444A1
Автор: Gobel Richard J., Johnson Andrew, Teal William B.
Принадлежит: Teal Sales Incorporated

A biomass torrefaction system is provided which enables a continuous torrefaction process that involves the introduction of biomass particles into a rotating reactor drum having a low oxygen environment. The particles are conveyed through the drum by a heated gas stream and simultaneously torrefied thereby. Gas exiting the drum is recirculated back to a heat source for reheating the gas prior to reentering the drum. A method of biomass torrefaction is also provided. 1. A biomass torrefaction system , comprising:an inlet to receive biomass particles;a reactor drum configured to rotate about an axis of rotation, the reactor drum having a plurality of flights positioned therein;a heat source to heat gas contained in the system to a temperature sufficient to torrefy the biomass particles during operation;a fan device coupled to the system to create, when the system is in operation, a heated gas stream through the reactor drum sufficient to intermittently transport the biomass particles along a longitudinal length of the reactor drum as the biomass particles are lifted by the flights and showered through the heated gas stream as the reactor drum rotates; anda duct system to recirculate at least a portion of gas exiting the reactor drum back to the heat source to reheat the gas for reintroduction into the reactor drum.2. The biomass torrefaction system of wherein the heated gas stream directly heats the biomass particles as the gas stream intermittently transports the biomass particles through the reactor drum.3. The biomass torrefaction system of wherein the plurality of flights are configured to regulate movement of the biomass particles through the reactor drum claim 1 , thereby influencing a retention time of the biomass particles within the reactor drum.4. The biomass torrefaction system of wherein the plurality of flights include flights spaced around an inner circumference of the reactor drum in regular or irregular intervals and in at least three locations along ...

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Номер записи: 13
12-09-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20130232856A1
Автор: Clingan William Rex
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of fuels and chemicals from biomass feedstock is provided. The process includes (a) drying the biomass feedstock using heated dry carbon monoxide gas; (b) devolatilizing the feedstock by reductive torrefaction with heated dry carbon monoxide gas; (c) pulverizing the feedstock; and (d) pyrolyzing the feedstock by reductive pyrolysis with high pressure or high temperature carbon monoxide gas. An integrated system for producing fuels and chemicals from biomass feedstock is also provided. 1. A process for producing fuels and chemicals from biomass feedstock comprising the steps of:(a) drying the biomass feedstock using heated dry carbon monoxide gas;(b) devolatilizing the feedstock by reductive torrefaction with heated dry carbon monoxide gas;(c) pulverizing the feedstock; and(d) pyrolyzing the feedstock by reductive pyrolysis with high pressure or high temperature carbon monoxide gas.2. The process of wherein the carbon monoxide gas used in the drying step is super critical carbon monoxide gas or liquid expanded with carbon monoxide gas.3. The process of wherein the wet carbon monoxide gas produced from the drying step is dried and used again in the drying step.4. The process of further comprising the step of reducing and gasifying the devolatized biomass feedstock using carbon monoxide gas wherein the reducing and gasifying step occurs after the devolatilizing step and before the pulverizing step.5. The process of further comprising the step of reductively pyrolyzing the feedstock using carbon monoxide gas.6. The process of further comprising the step of reductively liquefying devolatized biomass feedstock using carbon monoxide gas.7. The process of wherein a heterogeneous or homogeneous catalyst is used.8. The process of wherein a fixed bed reactor is used to carry out the process steps in a batch process.9. The process of wherein the process is carried out in a continuous flow process.10. The process of wherein the feedstock is converted ...

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Номер записи: 14
07-11-2013 дата публикации

BIOMASS PYROLYSIS FURNACE

Номер: US20130292240A1
Автор: Xiao Guoxiong
Принадлежит:

A biomass pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace shell (), a furnace container (), an exhaust pipe (), a smoke pipe (), a recovery tower (), and an intake pipe (), wherein the smoke pipe () is installed on the furnace shell (); the furnace container () is installed in the furnace shell (); the bottom of the furnace container () and the periphery thereof are provided with a plurality of mesh holes; an exhaust gap () is provided between the furnace container () and the inner wall of the furnace shell (); the smoke pipe () is connected to the furnace shell () at one end thereof, and to the recovery tower () at the other end thereof. The furnace shell () is provided, on one side at the upper end, with a flue hole and an intake pipe (), and the exhaust pipe () is provided on the opposite side of the furnace shell (). The pyrolysis furnace has a short time of biomass pyrolysis, high efficiency, high pyrolysis recovery rate of wood tar, and a simple structure, and therefore it is convenient to operate and maintain. 1. A biomass pyrolysis furnace , comprising a furnace shell , a furnace container , a smoke pipe , and a recovery tower; wherein , the smoke pipe is installed on the furnace shell , and the furnace container is installed in the furnace shell , characterized in that ,a side wall of the furnace container is provided with a plurality of mesh holes,a bottom of the furnace container either is a plate or is provided with a plurality of mesh holes,an exhaust gap is provided between the furnace container and an inner surface of the side wall of the furnace shell, andthe smoke pipe is connected to the furnace shell at one end thereof and to the recovery tower at the other end thereof.2. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 ,the furnace shell is provided with an exhaust pipe communicated to the furnace container at one side thereof,the furnace shell is provided with a flue mouth and an intake pipe at an upper end on another ...

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Номер записи: 15
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Process and system for decomposition of carbon containing waste and process and system for recycling carbon containing waste

Номер: US20140008204A1
Автор: Sergey Dobrynin
Принадлежит: Individual

A system for recycling carbon-containing material is provided. The system includes a reactor for heating the carbon-containing material to produce carbon-containing gases. The system further includes a condenser operably connected to the reactor for condensing a portion of the carbon-containing gases to provide condensed gas and non-condensed gas. The system further includes a conduit arrangement operably connected to the reactor and the condenser wherein the non-condensed gas from the condenser is returned to the reactor.

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Номер записи: 16
06-02-2014 дата публикации

METHODS FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

Номер: US20140038278A1
Автор: Ko Ching-Whan, Sutradhar Bhagya Chandra
Принадлежит: INEOS USA LLC

The present disclosure is generally directed to process of gasification of carbonaceous materials to produce synthesis gas or syngas. The present disclosure provides improved methods of gasification comprising adding a molecular oxygen-containing gas and optionally adding water into said gasifier. This disclosure is also directed to process of production of one or more alcohols from said syngas via fermentation or digestion in the presence of at least one microorganism. 1. A non-catalytic gasifier to produce syngas wherein said gasifier produces a product gas comprising carbon monoxide , hydrogen , and tar; said method comprising: adding one or more carbonaceous materials , adding a molecular oxygen-containing gas and optionally adding water into said gasifier; wherein amount of total oxygen added to said gasifier in pounds per pound of total carbon added to said gasifier comprises greater than 2.0 and less than about 3.0; wherein the gasifier produces ash comprising ash-carbon and wherein said ash comprises less than about 10% of ash-carbon; wherein said product gas is treated at a temperature of about 1750° F. to about 3500° F. in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce a raw-syngas comprising carbon monoxide , hydrogen , and syngas-carbon; wherein said raw-syngas comprises less than about 0.5 pound syngas-carbon per 1000 SCF raw-syngas produced; wherein said product gas comprises CO to COratio greater than 1.4; and wherein said raw-syngas volume ranges from 50387 to 86109 KSCF/DT.2. (canceled)3. The gasifier of comprising water addition to said gasifier.4. The gasifier of comprising direct steam addition into said gasifier.5. The gasifier of comprising water addition by partial direct steam addition into said gasifier.6. The gasifier of comprising adding one or more said carbonaceous materials containing moisture into said gasifier.7. The gasifier of wherein one or more said carbonaceous materials comprises selection from carbonaceous material claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 17
13-03-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DEVOLATIZING FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20140069798A1
Автор: Baker Marvin Ronnie, Hayward David Earle
Принадлежит: D4 ENERGY GROUP

Provided herein is a method, device and installation for devolatizing a solid feedstock, comprising carbon-based waste selected from the group consisting of hazardous material, biomass, animal manure, tires, municipal solid waste and refuse derived fuel. The method comprises treating the solid feedstock to a produce a particle size laying between about 1 cmand about 100 cm. The solid feedstock is passed into a jacketed system. The solid feedstock is contacted with a heated gas, comprising hydrogen, inside the jacketed system at a temperature of about 500° C. to about 1000° C. for a time of about 60 seconds to about 120 seconds, whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream. 1. A method for devolatizing a solid feedstock , comprising carbon-based waste selected from the group consisting of hazardous material , biomass , animal manure , tires , municipal solid waste and refuse derived fuel , wherein the method comprises:{'sup': 3', '3, 'treating the solid feedstock to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cmand 100 cm;'}passing the solid feedstock into a jacketed system; andcontacting the solid feedstock with a heated gas, comprising hydrogen, inside the jacketed system at a temperature of 500° C. to 1000° C. for a time of 60 seconds to 120 seconds,whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated gas has a temperature of 500° C. to 1000° C.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the heated gas has a temperature of 800° C. to 900° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the jacketed system for converting solid feedstock comprises a device for moving solid feedstock.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the device for moving solid feedstock comprises:a retort having a devolatization zone;an auger disposed within the retort; anda recirculation sidearm attached to the retort,wherein the recirculation sidearm recirculates the gas stream into the retort.6. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 18
20-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

Номер: US20140075834A1
Автор: Daniel J. Despen, James A. Mennell
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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Номер записи: 19
02-01-2020 дата публикации

GRAPHENE, DEVICE FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE

Номер: US20200002175A1
Автор: Kinoshita Takahiro, OTA Keishin
Принадлежит:

A method for producing graphene includes: 1. A method for producing graphene comprising:a pretreatment process of pulverizing a vegetable material to obtain a carbon source;a carbonization process of carbonizing the carbon source and to obtain a carbide; anda purification process of removing an impurity from the carbide obtained in the carbonization process,wherein the carbonization process including a heating process of supplying an inert gas into a chamber and heating the carbon source in the chamber in a plasma atmosphere.2. The method for producing graphene according to claim 1 , wherein the heating process includes performing heating at a temperature 300° C. or higher and 1000° C. or lower.3. The method for producing graphene according to claim 1 , wherein the purification process includes an impurity removing process of mixing impurity removing substance into the carbide obtained in the carbonization process and firing the carbide into which the impurity removing substance is mixed.4. The method for producing graphene according to comprising the purification process of removing silicon by filtering out the silicon by using the impurity removing substance which reacts with silicon oxide and dissolves in water to become an alkaline aqueous solution claim 3 , and obtaining graphene.5. The method for producing graphene according to claim 3 , wherein the impurity removing substance is one of hydrochloric acid claim 3 , sulfuric acid claim 3 , PTSA claim 3 , aluminum chloride claim 3 , sodium hydroxide claim 3 , lithium hydroxide claim 3 , magnesium hydroxide claim 3 , calcium hydroxide claim 3 , sodium oxide claim 3 , potassium oxide claim 3 , magnesium oxide claim 3 , calcium oxide claim 3 , sodium sulfide claim 3 , and potassium sulfide.6. The method for producing graphene according to claim 3 , wherein the purification process includes surrounding with carbon a periphery of an accommodating portion in which the carbide and the impurity removing substance are ...

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Номер записи: 20
11-01-2018 дата публикации

Mobile charcoal/biochar production and pelletizer system and method thereof

Номер: US20180010043A1
Автор: Deborah Page-Dumroese, James Geronimo Archuleta, JR.
Принадлежит: US Department of Agriculture USDA

Embodiments of the invention provide a portable charcoal system and method of operating thereof, wherein the portable charcoal system comprises a first compartment adapted to burn a material, a second compartment connected to the first compartment and adapted to receive the material from the first compartment, and a third compartment adapted to receive the material from the second compartment, the third compartment comprising an auger adapted to move the material from a back end to a front end, and out of the third compartment. The portable charcoal system further includes a source of air.

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Номер записи: 21
09-01-2020 дата публикации

RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WOOD WASTES

Номер: US20200010763A1
Автор: Herbertson Joseph George, Mukunthan Kannappar, Strezov Lazar
Принадлежит:

A method and an apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value is disclosed. The apparatus includes a continuous converter () for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants. The continuous converter includes a reaction chamber () for producing a solid carbon-containing product, a gas product, and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber, via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms. 1. An apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value , the apparatus including a continuous converter for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants , with the continuous converter including a reaction chamber for producing a solid carbon-containing product , a gas product , and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber , via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms , an inlet for supplying the feed material to the reaction chamber , an assembly for moving the feed material through the reaction chamber from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the chamber counter-current to the flow of gas generated in the chamber as a consequence of drying or other reactions in the chamber , and separate outlets for the solid carbon-containing product , the gas product , and optionally the liquid water product from the reaction chamber , with the apparatus being adapted to decompose organic material contaminants in the wood wastes and to incorporate the decomposed forms into useful products , and with the apparatus being adapted to deport heavy metal contaminants to the solid carbon-containing product.2. The apparatus defined in wherein the continuous converter includes an assembly for establishing a temperature profile in the reaction chamber that includes the following zones extending successively along the length of the reaction ...

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Номер записи: 22
15-01-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MOLTEN SLAG GASIFICATION OF SOLID FUELS

Номер: US20150014594A1
Автор: Gräbner Martin, Meyer Bernd
Принадлежит: Envirotherm GmbH

A process and an apparatus for molten slag gasification of solid fuels in a molten slag gasifier with increased output, an increased range of solid fuels that can be used and improved gas quality. The process is conducted such that, by means of a molten slag gasifier comprising a feed of the coarse-grained solid fuels and comprising a gas takeoff, both at the head of the molten slag gasifier, comprising a slag bath and comprising a slag bath takeoff at the bottom of the molten slag gasifier, comprising a feed for first gasifying means by means of gasifying means nozzles above the slag bath, comprising a filling of the fixed bed above the slag bath, in addition to the first gasifying means a second gasifying means are injected by way of at least one gasifying means nozzle that reaches into the upper region of the fixed bed. 1. A method for the slag bath gasification of solid fuels with oxygen and water vapour containing gasifying agents ,by means of a slag bath gasifier with a feed of coarse-grained solid fuels and with a gas vent, both on the head of the slag bath gasifier, with a slag bath and with a slag bath vent at the bottom of the slag bath gasifier, with a feed for first gasifying agents by means of gasifying agent nozzles above the slag bath, with a filling of the fixed bed above the slag bath,{'b': '2', 'wherein second gasifying agents are injected additionally to the first gasifying agents by at least one gasifying agent nozzle extending into the upper area of the fixed bed filling that is situated at a vertical distance of at least m above the feed of the first gasifying agents,'}{'sup': '3', 'wherein the second oxygen containing gasifying agents are injected with vapour/oxygen ratios, the values of which range between 0,6 and 5 kg/m(I.S.),'}wherein the second oxygen containing gasifying agents are injected with flow rates of at least 20 and maximally 120 m/s into the filling of the fixed bed so that turbulent swirl zones form as hollow spaces in the ...

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Номер записи: 23
21-01-2021 дата публикации

CARBON MICRO-PLANT

Номер: US20210016244A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Mennell James A., Reamer David
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO, HO, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the COand HO may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream. 1. A method of retrofitting a biomass host plant , the method comprising:(i) installing a reactor system within or adjacent to the host plant;(ii) conveying, to the reactor system, a co-product, wherein the co-product comprises carbon;(iii) pyrolyzing, using the reactor system, the co-product, thereby generating a carbon-containing biogenic reagent and pyrolysis off-gas;{'sub': '2', '(iv) oxidizing the pyrolysis off-gas, thereby generating CO, CO, and energy; and'}(v) recycling and utilizing the energy in the host plant.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising recycling and utilizing the CO in the reactor system.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising selecting the host plant from the group consisting of a saw mill claim 1 , a pulp mill claim 1 , a pulp and paper plant claim 1 , a corn wet mill claim 1 , a corn dry mill claim 1 , a corn ethanol plant claim 1 , a cellulosic ethanol plant claim 1 , a sugarcane ethanol plant claim 1 , a grain processing plant claim 1 , a sugar production facility claim 1 , a food plant claim 1 , a nut processing facility claim 1 , a fruit ...

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Номер записи: 24
22-01-2015 дата публикации

Compact fast pyrolysis system for conversion of carbonaceous materials to liquid, solid and gas

Номер: US20150021159A1
Автор: Cory Leggett, Henry Leggett, Peter Fransham
Принадлежит: ABRI-Tech Inc

An apparatus is provided for pyrolysis of organic material biomass, including: i) a first, horizontal auger tube having inlet for a heat carrier and a second inlet for biomass; and a first outlet for pyrolysis gas and a second outlet for the heat carrier and transformed biomass; ii) a second, inclined auger tube having an inlet at or below the second outlet of the first auger tube, for receiving the heat carrier and transformed biomass from the second outlet of the first auger tube and an outlet at a level above the inlet thereof, the outlet communicating with the first inlet of the first auger tube to deliver heat carrier thereto.

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Номер записи: 25
25-01-2018 дата публикации

USE OF A REACTOR, METHODS, AND DEVICE FOR QUANTITATIVELY OBTAINING MOLECULAR HYDROGEN FROM SUBSTANCES

Номер: US20180021746A1
Автор: GEHRE Matthias, KUEMMEL Steffen, RENPENNING Julian
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to the use of a reactor, methods, and devices for the quantitative recovery of molecular hydrogen from solid, liquid, or gaseous substances which contain hydrogen and which have heteroatoms, as well as to reactors. In this case, the reactors have material containing chromium. The subject matter of the invention also includes the use of the reactor, the method, and the device for the compound-specific or component-specific measurement of the isotope ratio (δH) of hydrogen using online apparatuses. 1. The method according to wherein the zone with temperatures above 1100° C. is generated in the reactor to pyrolize the substances.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the pyrolysis of the substances is carried out using a carrier gas.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The method according to claim 38 , characterized in that at least one section of a reactor inner wall is made of claim 38 , at least on its inner side claim 38 , material containing chromium claim 38 , and/or at least one section of a reactor inner wall has a coating containing chromium claim 38 , and/or a material containing chromium is embedded in at least one section of a reactor inner wall claim 38 , at least on its inner side.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. The method according to claim 38 , characterized in that the reactor's material containing chromium is made of chromium and other heat-stable materials which do not contain any hydrogen and/or do not react with molecular hydrogen above 1100° C.11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. The method according to claim 4 , characterized in that the reactor's material containing chromium ensures a flow of carrier gas of up to 10 mL/min.15. The method according to claim 4 , characterized in that the reactor's material containing chromium ensures a flow of carrier gas of up to 300 mL/min.16. The method according to claim 4 , characterized in that the reactor's material containing chromium ...

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Номер записи: 26
24-04-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF DENSIFIED CHARCOAL

Номер: US20140110241A1
Автор: Deev Alexandre Vladimirovich
Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

The invention relates to an apparatus and method for the production of densified charcoal from organic material that can be used for example as chemical reagents, fuels, or absorbents. The reaction vessel defines a flow path extending from the input to the vessel, through to the output from the vessel, in which the thermal decomposition of the organic material progresses as the organic material passes through the reaction vessel. The vessel includes a reaction zone for autogenous reaction of organic material in a reaction bed of the organic material. Pressure can be applied to the bed of organic material to increase the density of the resultant charcoal. Acoustic emitters may also be used to enhance the densification process. 1. An apparatus for the continuous thermal decomposition of organic material comprising:a feeder for supplying organic material to a reaction vessel,the reaction vessel for supporting a reaction bed of organic material, the reaction vessel defining a flow path along which the organic material undergoes a carbonisation process as it progresses through the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel comprising:a pressure applicator to compact the reaction bed,a reaction zone for autogenous reaction of organic material in the reaction bed,at least one gas outlet from the reaction zone to extract pyoligneous gases directly from the reaction bed,a cooling zone to reduce the temperature of the material and to extract heated gas from the reaction bed, andat least one discharge port for discharging carbonised organic material from the reaction vessel.2. The apparatus of wherein the reaction chamber has a decreasing cross sectional area at least in or in the vicinity of the reaction zone.3. The apparatus of wherein the inner walls of the reaction vessel taper inwardly towards the discharge end of the vessel.4. The apparatus of wherein the at least one gas outlet from the reaction zone includes at least one lance which extends from the discharge end of the ...

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Номер записи: 27
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Tunnel Pyrolysis Furnace

Номер: US20200032145A1
Автор: Chen Yung-Sung
Принадлежит:

A tunnel pyrolysis furnace has a body and at least one flaming device. The body has a chamber and multiple tubes. The multiple tubes are disposed around the chamber and have catalysts loaded inside. The at least one flaming device is disposed near the body, and is used to heat up the body. The multiple tubes absorb heat, so heat is concentrated around the chamber and that provides an effect of even heating. Therefore, the chamber may reach a temperature for pyrolysis in a short time. 1. A tunnel pyrolysis furnace comprising: a chamber disposed in the body; and', 'multiple tubes disposed around the chamber, and each tube having a catalyst loaded inside; and, 'a body having'}at least one flaming device disposed adjacent to the body to heat up the body.2. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the tunnel pyrolysis furnace further has a condenser connected to the body; andthe body further has a pipe communicating with the chamber and connected to the condenser.3. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the at least one flaming device is connected to the condenser and a fuel source.4. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the body further has 'at least one through hole formed through the base and aligning with the at least one flaming device.', 'a base disposed below the chamber and having'}5. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the body further has 'at least one through hole formed through the base and aligning with the at least one flaming device.', 'a base disposed below the chamber and having'}6. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the body further has 'at least one through hole formed through the base and aligning with the at least one flaming device.', 'a base disposed below the chamber and having'}7. The tunnel pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the body further has 'multiple tubes disposed separately, surrounding the chamber in a ...

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Номер записи: 28
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthesis Gas

Номер: US20200032150A1
Автор: KRESNYAK Steve, ZAHORIK Pavel
Принадлежит:

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure claim 1 , preferably greater than full vacuum and less than 600 psig claim 1 , more preferably between atmospheric pressure and 100 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas composition has a H2:CO ratio from about 0.5 to about 1.5 claim 1 , preferably about 0.8 to about 1.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous fuel material comprises biomass fuel selected from wood chips claim 1 , railway tie chips claim 1 , waste wood claim 1 , forestry waste claim 1 , sewage sludge claim 1 , pet coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) claim 1 , Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) claim 1 , or any combination.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the biomass fuel is formed by a chipping claim 4 , shredding claim 4 , extrusion claim 4 , mechanical processing claim 4 , compacting claim 4 , pelletizing claim 4 , granulating claim 4 , or crushing process.6. The process of claim 4 , where the biofuel has been sprayed with claim 4 , coated with or impregnated with liquid or solid carbonaceous materials.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PDX stage temperature is greater than 1250° C. claim 1 , or greater than the ash fusion temperature to create liquid slag.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising processing and cooling the tar free syngas to be used for ...

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Номер записи: 29
09-02-2017 дата публикации

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

Номер: US20170037333A1
Автор: Daniel J. Despen, James A. Mennell
Принадлежит: Biogenic Reagents Ventures LLC

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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Номер записи: 30
08-05-2014 дата публикации

Apparatus and process for continuous carbonisation of wood chips or wastes and other charring organic materials

Номер: US20140124353A1
Автор: Alexandre Vladimirovich DEEV
Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the production of charcoal from wood chips or other particulate organic waste material. The quality of charcoal produced is suitable for use in applications such as chemical reagents, fuels, and as absorbents. The reaction vessel defines a flow path extending from the input to the vessel, through to the output from the vessel, in which the thermal decomposition of the organic material progresses as the organic material passes through the reaction vessel. The vessel includes a reaction zone for autogenous reaction of organic material in a reaction bed of the organic material, and a cooling zone having at least one inlet for supplying cooling gas into the reaction bed and an outlet to extract heated gas from the reaction bed.

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Номер записи: 31
25-02-2021 дата публикации

INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHARCOAL

Номер: US20210054289A1
Автор: PEKAREC Aleksandr Andreevich
Принадлежит:

An industrial complex for producing charcoal from briquetted wood waste includes a section for heat carrier preparation, a section for ground wood waste preparation, a wood drying section equipped with a driving device, a briquetting section and a low-temperature pyrolysis section. The section for preparing the gaseous heat carrier is in the form of a heat generator and is equipped with a furnace chamber for receiving combustion gases, a unit for incinerating recovered pyrolysis gases and a unit for introducing the steam-gas mixture returned from the drying section. The section for ground wood waste preparation includes a receiving hopper for the feedstock, crushing and milling equipment and a storage hopper equipped with a batch feeder. The wood drying section is equipped with a drying device that operates in a mode of combined circulation in a suspended state of the steam-gas heat carrier and crushed wood. A section for separating the mixed stream exiting the drying device includes a cyclone and a receiving hopper. The pipeline upstream of the cyclone is equipped with a device for regulating the target moisture of wood particles. The separation section includes a flue for dispersing waste gases from drying. The briquetting section is equipped with an extrusion-type press. The section for low-temperature pyrolysis is equipped with devices for producing charcoal. 1. An industrial complex for the production of charcoal from briquetted wood waste , comprising a heating agent preparation section , a crushed wood waste preparation section , a wood drying section equipped with a drying device , a briquetting section , and a low-temperature pyrolysis section , characterized in that said gaseous heating agent preparation section is embodied in the form of a multipurpose heat generator equipped with a combustion chamber for producing flue gases , a waste pyrolysis gas combustion unit , and a unit for supplementing the generated heating agent with , at least , a portion of ...

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Номер записи: 32
25-02-2021 дата публикации

RENEWABLE ENERGY USE IN OIL SHALE RETORTING

Номер: US20210054290A1
Автор: OWEN Paul S., SCHNEIDER Otto John
Принадлежит:

A method of retorting oil shale is provided, comprising: continuously feeding oil shale into a retorting unit; heating the retorting unit using renewable electrical energy; converting the oil-shale kerogen into kerogen oil; conveying a cross-flow sweep gas across a moving bed of the oil shale, to carry the kerogen oil out of the retorting unit; recovering the kerogen oil; and recovering spent oil shale. The combination of electrical heating and cross-flow retorting achieves uniform heating to optimize the production of hydrocarbons. A system for retorting oil shale is also provided, comprising: a retorting unit; an inlet for continuously feeding oil shale; electrical-energy elements within the retorting unit; an inlet for conveying a cross-flow sweep gas through the retorting unit; and an outlet for the cross-flow sweep gas carrying the kerogen oil. The principles of the invention may be applied to ex situ systems, in situ systems, or hybrid systems. 1. A method of retorting oil shale containing kerogen , said method comprising:(a) continuously or semi-continuously feeding oil shale into a heated retorting unit;(b) heating said heated retorting unit, at least partially, using electrical energy;(c) in said heated retorting unit, converting said kerogen into one or more retorted streams comprising kerogen oil in the form of a vapor, mist, and/or liquid;(d) conveying a cross-flow sweep gas across a moving bed of said oil shale within said heated retorting unit, wherein said heated cross-flow sweep gas carries said kerogen oil out of said heated retorting unit;(e) recovering or further processing said kerogen oil; and(f) recovering or further processing spent, kerogen-depleted oil shale.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is ex situ oil-shale retorting.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is or includes in situ oil-shale retorting.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said electrical energy in step (b) is at least partially renewable electrical energy. ...

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Номер записи: 33
01-03-2018 дата публикации

MULTISTAGE THERMOLYSIS METHOD FOR SAFE AND EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF E-WASTE MATERIALS

Номер: US20180057751A1
Автор: Brandhorst, Engel Ullrich H., JR. Henry W., Ludwig Charles T., SR. Ernest J., Zavoral
Принадлежит:

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various e-waste sources into Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes e-waste sources, such as for example whole circuit boards, to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source, along with the ability to recover precious metals and other valuable components from the Char. 1. A method for converting an electric and/or electronic waste source to a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source comprising:inputting an electric and electronic waste source into a thermolysis system to generate a Clean Fuel Gas source and Char source;wherein the thermolysis system comprises at least two reactors, an oil/water separator, an oil/tar cracker, and at least two gas scrubbers;wherein the reactors have a process temperature of about 300° C.-800° C. and generate tars and oils;wherein all of the oils and tars are separated in the oil/water separator and at least two gas scrubbers, thereafter cracked in the oil/tar cracker, and send back to the secondary reactor to generate the Clean Fuel Gas source; andwherein the Clean Fuel Gas source and Char source are substantially-free of halogenated organic compounds and do not contain oils and/or tars.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric and electronic waste source comprises printed wiring boards claim 1 , thermoplastic materials claim 1 , flat panel displays claim 1 , printer cartridges and/or cassette claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactors have a process temperature of about 400° C.-800° C. for the waste source to undergo at least partial gasification.4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactors have a pressure range from about 10 to about 100 millbar.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 34
11-03-2021 дата публикации

MULTISTAGE THERMOLYSIS METHOD FOR SAFE AND EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF E-WASTE MATERIALS

Номер: US20210071086A1
Автор: Brandhorst, Engel Ullrich H., JR. Henry W., Ludwig Charles T., SR. Ernest J., Zavoral
Принадлежит:

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various e-waste sources into Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes e-waste sources, such as for example whole circuit boards, to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source, along with the ability to recover precious metals and other valuable components from the Char. 1. A method for converting an electric and/or electronic waste source to a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source comprising:inputting an electric and electronic waste source into a thermolysis system;undergoing a depolymerization and a cracking reaction of hydrocarbons in the waste source;destroying and/or removing toxic compounds present in the waste sources; andgenerating the Clean Fuel Gas and Char source,wherein the Clean Fuel Gas source is used for power to a system or application;wherein the Char source contains recoverable metals; andwherein the Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are substantially-free of halogenated organic compounds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric and electronic waste source is an e-waste source selected from the group consisting of printed wiring boards claim 1 , thermoplastic materials claim 1 , flat panel displays claim 1 , printer cartridges and/or cassettes claim 1 , and combinations thereof3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermolysis system comprises at least one reactor with a process temperature of from about 300° C.-800° C. for the waste source to undergo at least partial gasification.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermolysis system provides indirect heat in a system that is free of oxygen.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermolysis system has a pressure range from about 10 to about 100 millbar.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste ...

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Номер записи: 35
15-03-2018 дата публикации

AIRFLOW CONTROL AND HEAT RECOVERY IN A MANAGED KILN

Номер: US20180072953A1
Автор: Aupperle Donald P., Beierwaltes Benjamin M., Beierwaltes William T., Gaspard, II James G., Olander Mikel S.
Принадлежит:

A controlled kiln and manufacturing system for biochar production includes control systems and subsystems. An example biochar kiln exhaust apparatus, includes a chimney configured for heating by pyrolysis and for exhausting smoke from the combustion chamber. The example biochar kiln exhaust apparatus also includes a plurality of exhaust inlet pipes configured to pass smoke from the combustion chamber to the chimney. 1. A heat recovery system , comprising:at least one biochar kiln having a combustion chamber;a chimney having proximal and distal ends and being configured to exhaust smoke from the combustion chamber between the proximal and distal ends;a secondary subsystem;a heat exchanger configured to recover heat from the chimney and provide the heat to the secondary subsystem;a controller configured to maintain an optimal mixture of smoke and air in the chimney.2. The heat recovery system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one catalytic converter operatively coupled with the chimney to incinerate exhaust and increase chimney temperature near the distal end.3. The heat recovery system of claim 1 , wherein the secondary subsystem is one or more of an oil sands production water heater claim 1 , a building heater or a water condenser.4. The heat recovery system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one sensor configured to provide information about operating conditions to the controller.5. The heat recovery system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one sensor is configured to sense at least one of: an exhaust temperature claim 4 , a catalytic converter temperature and a heat exchanger temperature.6. A heat recovery system claim 4 , comprising:at least one biochar kiln having a combustion chamber;a chimney having proximal and distal ends and being configured to exhaust smoke from a combustion chamber of a biochar kiln between the proximal and distal ends of the chimney; anda heat exchanger configured to recover heat from the chimney and provide the heat to a ...

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Номер записи: 36
15-03-2018 дата публикации

AIRFLOW CONTROL AND HEAT RECOVERY IN A MANAGED KILN

Номер: US20180072954A1
Автор: Aupperle Donald P., Beierwaltes Benjamin M., Beierwaltes William T., Gaspard, II James G., Olander Mikel S.
Принадлежит:

An example heat recovery apparatus includes a chimney configured to exhaust air and smoke from a biochar kiln combustion chamber. The example heat recovery apparatus also includes a heat exchanger configured to recover heat from the chimney and provide the heat to a secondary application. 1. A heat recovery apparatus , comprising:a chimney configured to exhaust air and smoke from a biochar kiln combustion chamber; anda heat exchanger configured to recover heat from the chimney and provide the heat to a secondary application.2. The heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat from one volume of air to another volume of air.3. The heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat from a volume of air to a volume of liquid.4. The heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat from a volume of air to a volume of steam.5. A heat recovery apparatus claim 1 , comprising:a chimney configured to exhaust air and smoke from a biochar kiln combustion chamber;a heat exchanger configured to recover heat from the chimney and provide the heat to a secondary application, the heat exchanger further configured to exchange heat from one volume of air to at least one other medium6. The heat recovery apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the at least one other medium is air.7. The heat recovery apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the at least one other medium is liquid.8. The heat recovery apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the at east one other medium is steam.9. A heat recovery apparatus claim 5 , comprising:a chimney configured to exhaust air and smoke from a biochar kiln combustion chamber;a heat exchanger configured to recover heat from the chimney and provide the heat to a secondary application, the heat exchanger further configured to exchange heat from one volume of air to at least one of air, liquid, and steam. This application is a divisional of U.S. ...

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Номер записи: 37
24-03-2022 дата публикации

System and processes for upgrading synthetic gas produced from waste materials, municipal solid waste or biomass

Номер: US20220089961A1
Автор: Darrell Ford, Ken Davison
Принадлежит: Iq Energy Inc

A system and process for producing synthetic gas from solid fuel comprising waste material, municipal solid waste or biomass, and for upgrading the synthetic gas produced. The system and process utilizes a first thermal chamber having a gasification zone in which a fuel stream is gasified by thermal oxidation to produce a first synthetic gas stream and heat; a pyrolysis reactor housed within the first thermal chamber where fuel undergoes pyrolysis to produce a second synthetic gas stream; and a thermal catalytic reactor comprising a second thermal chamber having a catalyst chamber within with a selected catalyst. The first synthetic gas stream is completely thermally oxidized to produce high temperature flue gas that imparts heat to the catalyst chamber in which the second synthetic gas stream is thermally cracked and directed over the catalyst to yield a finished gas or liquid product having a desired chemical composition as determined by the selected catalyst.

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Номер записи: 38
16-03-2017 дата публикации

ARRANGEMENT AND PROCESS FOR RECYCLING CARBON AND HYDROCARBON FROM ORGANIC MATERIAL THROUGH PYROLYSIS

Номер: US20170073582A1
Автор: ERSHAG Bengt-Sture, ERSHAG Olov
Принадлежит:

The present invention concerns an arrangement for the recycling of carbon and hydrocarbon compounds from organic input material through pyrolysis treatment, comprising: a reactor () comprising a chamber () that is limited by a jacket () and upper and lower end-wall sections (), in which chamber input material (M) in fragmented form is intended to be introduced, gas inlet means () for the supply of heated inert gas () to the input material, whereby the gas inlet means () is connected in a manner that transfers gas to a gas emission source () through inlet pipes () that are associated with inlet pipes, and gas outlets () for leading the gas out of the chamber, where the gas outlet means () comprises openings () through which gas flows intended to supply the gas () into the chamber (), whereby the openings () through which gas flows are arranged such that a fall in pressure dP is generated during the supply of gas that exceeds the fall in pressure dM of the gas during passage through the input material M that has been introduced into the chamber. The invention concerns also a method for the recycling of carbon and hydrocarbon compounds from organic input material through pyrolysis. 139-. (canceled)40. An arrangement for the recycling of carbon and hydrocarbon compounds from organic input material through pyrolysis , said arrangement comprising:{'b': 1', '110', '111', '112', '113, 'a reactor () comprising a chamber () that is limited by a jacket () and upper and lower end-wall sections (, ) in which chamber input material (M) in fragmented form is intended to be introduced;'}{'b': 120', '101', '120', '102', '104', '129', '187', '1', '187', '2, 'gas inlet means () for the supply of heated inert gas () to the input material, whereby the gas inlet means () is connected in a manner that transfers gas to a gas emission source () through inlet pipes (, , ., .) that are associated with the gas inlet means; and'}{'b': '160', 'gas outlets () for leading the gas out of the ...

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Номер записи: 39
22-03-2018 дата публикации

BIOMASS TREATMENT PROCESS AND APPARATUS

Номер: US20180079965A1
Автор: Phan Anthony
Принадлежит:

A process and apparatus are provided in the present invention for treatment of particulate biomass. The present process comprises a densification stage, a first treatment stage, a second treatment stage, a cooling stage; the present apparatus comprises a thermo-chemical treatment chamber which is a two-stage compact moving bed type including two compartments for pre-torrefaction and torrefaction and having a star or spider or ring formic hot gas distribution system equipped with at least one hot gas input and at least one hot gas output for each compartment, and at least one particulate biomass inlet and at least one particulate biomass outlet. 1. A process for treating biomass in a biomass treatment apparatus , comprising the following stages:a densification stage;a first treatment stage;a second treatment stage; anda cooling treatment stage,wherein said densification stage comprises feeding substantially dried and size-reduced biomass containing an amount of moisture to said continuous or batch biomass treatment apparatus, densifying said biomass to form a densified biomass into a form of pellets or briquettes, and discharging said densified biomass which is in the form of pellets or briquettes to said first treatment stage;said first treatment stage comprises heating said densified biomass containing said amount of moisture to a pre-torrefaction temperature for a first residence time such that said densified biomass is completely dried by evaporating said moisture through said heating in said first treatment stage to form pre-torrefied biomass, and discharging said pre-torrefied biomass to said second treatment stage;said second treatment stage comprises heating said pre-torrefied biomass to a torrefaction temperature for a second residence time to form torrefied biomass, and discharging said torrefied biomass to said cooling treatment stage;said cooling treatment stage comprises cooling said torrefied biomass to a cooling temperature;said amount of moisture in ...

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Номер записи: 40
22-03-2018 дата публикации

Rotary Grate for a Fixed-Bed Gasifier that Produces a Product Gas from Hydrocarbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20180079978A1
Автор: Horst Dressler, Michael Hofmeister
Принадлежит: Entrade Energiesysteme Ag

A rotary grate with slit-shaped openings is used in fixed-bed gasifier that produces a product gas from biomass particles. The rotary grate supports the biomass particles. Each slit-shaped opening has a cross-section that conically widens in the direction from the upper to lower side of the grate. The slit-shaped openings act as planes to break up ash supported by the grate as a drive shaft rotates the grate. As the grate rotates, a dome-shaped covering in the middle of the grate causes ash to be spun laterally away from the middle and into the region of the grate where the slit-shaped openings are located. The slit-shaped openings extend concentrically around the middle of the grate. The combined open area of the slit-shaped openings on the upper side of the grate makes up between 20% to 40% of the grating surface area outside the dome-shaped covering on the upper side.

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Номер записи: 41
29-03-2018 дата публикации

Using a Cyclone Separator and a Fixed-Bed Gasifier to Generate a Product Gas from Carbon-Containing Input Substances

Номер: US20180085761A1
Автор: Dressler Horst, Hofmeister Michael
Принадлежит:

A cyclone separator for separating particles from a gas flow includes a gas inlet and a separating element. The separating element includes an upper cylindrical section connected to a gas outlet and a lower conical section connected to a particle outlet. The first end of the gas inlet is on a straight section, and the second end of the gas inlet in on a helical section. The second end is connected to the upper cylindrical section. The cross-sectional area of the gas inlet continually decreases, and the vertical or longitudinal dimension of the gas inlet continually increases from the first end towards the second end. The vertical dimension at the second end equals the diameter of the upper cylindrical section. A guide plate inside the straight section distributes the particles over the increasing vertical dimension of the gas inlet and prevents the particles from concentrating centrally in the gas flow. 113-. (canceled)14. A cyclone separator for separating solid particles from a gas flow , comprising:a separating element with a longitudinal axis, wherein the separating element includes an upper cylindrical section and a lower conical section;a gas outlet connected to the upper cylindrical section;a particle outlet connected to the lower conical section; anda gas inlet that has a first end, a second end, a straight section and a helical section, wherein the first end is on the straight section and the second end is on the helical section, wherein the helical section is connected at the second end to the upper cylindrical section of the separating element, wherein the straight section is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the separating element, wherein the gas inlet has a cross-sectional area at the second end that is smaller than the cross-sectional area at the first end, wherein the cross-sectional area of the gas inlet continually decreases from the first end towards the second end, wherein the gas inlet has a longitudinal dimension oriented ...

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Номер записи: 42
29-03-2018 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF SOLID WASTE INTO SYNTHETIC OIL, GAS, AND FERTILIZER

Номер: US20180086993A1
Автор: Rogers Michael W.
Принадлежит:

A method of producing oil, gas, and ash fertilizer from a feedstock includes inputting the feedstock into a reaction chamber having a wall, and combusting the feedstock in the reaction chamber. An electrical current flow is induced between the reaction chamber wall and the feedstock so as to cause arcing in the feedstock within the reaction chamber. Ash reaction byproducts migrate downward through the reaction chamber onto ash support structure, which is substantially electrically isolated from the reaction chamber wall. Gas and liquid reaction byproducts migrate upward through the reaction chamber to an upper chamber by a partial vacuum in the upper chamber, and are evacuated therefrom. The oil and gas are then separated from the evacuated gas/liquid products, providing the oil and the gas products. The oil is refinable, the gas is high in energy content, and the ash fertilizer is high in nitrogen. 1a chamber having an upper outer wall portion and a lower base portion;an inner wall disposed within said chamber, an upper portion of said inner wall being connected to said chamber to form an inner chamber and an outer chamber, the outer chamber comprising a thermal insulator formed by at least a partial vacuum produced by withdrawal of material from above a top opening of the inner chamber;at least one stirring member disposed within the inner chamber;plural cross members disposed within the inner chamber, but not touching any stirring member disposed within the inner wall; andan ash support member disposed within said chamber below a lower reformer opening, but electrically insulated therefrom, and wider than the inner wall.. A reformer combination, comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/706,504, filed May 7, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/620,774, filed Feb. 12, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,057,029, issued Jun. 16, 2015), which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/454 ...

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Номер записи: 43
29-03-2018 дата публикации

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthetic Gas

Номер: US20180086994A1
Автор: KRESNYAK Steve, ZAHORIK Pavel
Принадлежит:

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 1. A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas in a gasifier comprising:i) a pyrolysis zone,ii) a partial oxidation zone located vertically downstream of the pyrolysis zone,iii) a reduction zone located vertically downstream of the partial oxidation zone and comprising an downwardly angled perforated floor and a deflector located in the center of the floor;said process comprising the steps of:a) feeding the carbonaceous fuel material through the upper portion of the pyrolysis zone vertically downward towards the lower portion of the pyrolysis zone, while pyrolyzing said fuel into pyrolysis vapours comprising tar, and pyrolysis residue comprising char containing ash and carbon;b) optionally adding a first oxidant to the lower portion of said pyrolysis zone to achieve a temperature greater than 200° C.;c) directing said pyrolysis vapours to said partial oxidation (POX) zone, and directing said pyrolysis residue downwardly to the reduction zone via a separation member positioned between said pyrolysis zone and said partial oxidation zone, the separation member comprising a plurality of slanted vents;d) adding a second oxidant in the partial oxidation zone to achieve a temperature greater than 900° C. to reform said pyrolysis vapours into raw syngas containing ...

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Номер записи: 44
12-05-2022 дата публикации

Carbonization/oil recovery treatment furnace

Номер: US20220145185A1
Автор: Tomoaki Ito
Принадлежит: Individual

There is provided a carbonization/oil recovery processing furnace which can be manufactured at a relatively low cost and has less deterioration due to corrosion in association with operation, and can also be maintained and managed at low cost. The carbonization/oil recovery processing furnace is constituted so as to process discarded materials including plastic waste by carbonization and oil recovery with the use of superheated steam which is supplied from the outside, and the carbonization/oil recovery processing furnace is constituted of iron-made external structures and stainless steel-made internal structures which can be separated from the external structures.

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Номер записи: 45
28-03-2019 дата публикации

CARBONIZATION TREATMENT METHOD OF BIOMASS MATERIAL, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBIDE

Номер: US20190093018A1
Автор: ITOH Takanori, Iwabuchi Kazunori, OTA Kumpei, TANIGURO Katsumori
Принадлежит:

Provided is a novel carbonization treatment method for carbonizing a biomass material containing a large amount of water at an extremely low temperature, and a method for producing carbide. A water-containing biomass material () is carbonized while maintaining the biomass material () under treatment conditions including an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a temperature range of 70° C. or greater and less than 100° C., without a drying step for removing or reducing the water forcibly. At this time, preferably the water content (percentage) of the biomass material () at the start of carbonization while maintained under the treatment conditions is within a range of 40 to 80% inclusive, and preferably the biomass material () is thus maintained for two weeks or longer. Further, as the biomass material (), one material or a mixture of two or more materials selected from waste biomass materials and plant (cultivated crop) biomass materials such as food waste, livestock excrement, agricultural waste, marine waste, and forest waste, can be applied. 1. A carbonization treatment method of a biomass material comprising the steps of:maintaining a water-containing biomass material having a water content (percentage) within a range of 40 to 80%, inclusive, at the start of carbonization, under treatment conditions including an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a temperature range of 70° C. or greater and less than 100° C., without a drying step for removing or reducing the water forcibly; andproducing an oxidation reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and the biomass material to carbonize the biomass material without adding bacteria.2. The carbonization treatment method of a biomass material according to claim 1 , whereinthe biomass material is thus maintained for two weeks or longer.3. The carbonization treatment method of a biomass material according to claim 1 , whereinthe biomass material is one material or a mixture of two or more materials selected from waste biomass ...

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Номер записи: 46
04-04-2019 дата публикации

Industrial process using a forced-exhaust metal furnace and mechanisms developed for simultaneously producing coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar

Номер: US20190100698A1
Автор: Adriana DE OLIVEIRA VILELA, José URBANO ALVES, Ricardo Antônio Vicintin, Thalis PACCELI DA SILVA E SOUZA
Принадлежит: Bocaiuva Mecanica Ltda

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions.

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Номер записи: 47
04-04-2019 дата публикации

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS USING A FORCED-EXHAUST METAL FURNACE AND MECHANISMS DEVELOPED FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PRODUCING COAL, FUEL GAS, PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT AND TAR

Номер: US20190100699A1
Автор: DE OLIVEIRA VILELA Adriana, PACCELI DA SILVA E SOUZA Thalis, URBANO ALVES José, VICINTIN Ricardo Antônio
Принадлежит: BOCAIUVA MECANICA LTDA.

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions. 1. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal , fuel gas , pyroligneous extract and tar , characterized by having a carbonization system comprising a movable support base , which comprises a metal ring guides for furnace positioning , truncated cone and weighing system and mechanisms for locking the furnace on the ring; condensable recovery equipment , which comprises an expansion box with independent outlets for the gases and condensable , filter and storage tank; safety device for pressure relief , which comprises a hinged door and chimney; exhauster and gases and vapors conducting ducts.2. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production ...

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Номер записи: 48
04-04-2019 дата публикации

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS USING A FORCED-EXHAUST METAL FURNACE AND MECHANISMS DEVELOPED FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PRODUCING COAL, FUEL GAS, PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT AND TAR

Номер: US20190100700A1
Автор: DE OLIVEIRA VILELA Adriana, PACCELI DA SILVA E SOUZA Thalis, URBANO ALVES José, VICINTIN Ricardo Antônio
Принадлежит: BOCAIUVA MECANICA LTDA.

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions. 1. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal , fuel gas , pyroligneous extract and tar , characterized by a charcoal production process consisting of loading the biomass from the upper part of the furnace , cover and seal the top cover , with the aid of specific devices for attaching the cover to the furnace , and then moving the furnace for the movable support base , locking the furnace thereon , wherein the process of carbonization is started by ignition and exhaust and the heating of the furnace is conducted so as to obtain in all its volume a temperature above 350° C. and weight close to stipulated coal yield.2. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed ...

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Номер записи: 49
02-06-2022 дата публикации

Methods and apparatus for enhancing the energy content of carbonaceous materials from pyrolysis

Номер: US20220169936A1
Автор: Daniel J. Despen, James A. Mennell
Принадлежит: Carbon Technology Holdings LLC

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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Номер записи: 50
02-04-2020 дата публикации

MOBILE CHARCOAL/BIOCHAR PRODUCTION AND PELLETIZER SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20200102497A1
Автор: Archuleta, JR. James Geronimo, Page-Dumroese Deborah
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of the invention provide a portable charcoal system and method of operating thereof, wherein the portable charcoal system comprises a first compartment adapted to burn a material, a second compartment connected to the first compartment and adapted to receive the material from the first compartment, and a third compartment adapted to receive the material from the second compartment, the third compartment comprising an auger adapted to move the material from a back end to a front end, and out of the third compartment. The portable charcoal system further includes a source of air. 1. A method of continuously producing charcoal from a portable burn system , the method comprising the steps of:initiating a combustion process of biomass within a burn compartment;directing a stream of air from a source of air to at least one compartment of the portable burn system;burning the biomass inside the burn compartment to produce an amount of charcoal;transferring the amount of charcoal from the burn compartment to an extruding compartment through a collection compartment; andquenching and extruding the charcoal in the extruding compartment.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises the step of cutting the charcoal into a pellet.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charcoal is quenched with a heat conductive medium.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the heat conductive medium is water.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the heat conductive medium comprises at least one additive.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of a fertilizer and a binder.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises the step of drying the charcoal.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the charcoal is dried using heat generated in the step of burning the biomass inside the burn compartment.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises the step of packaging the charcoal.10. The method ...

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Номер записи: 51
09-06-2022 дата публикации

TORREFIED BIOMASS BRIQUETTES AND RELATED METHODS

Номер: US20220177795A1
Автор: Bu Aamiri Osama, Satyavolu Jagannadh, Thilakaratne Chamila Rajeeva
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied. 1. A torrefied biomass briquette , comprising:(a) about 10% to about 95% of a highly-torrefied material (HTM) and about 5% to about 90% of a lightly torrefied material (LTM);(b) a torrefied acid hydrolyzed biomass having a FTIR profile comprising one or more reduced oxygen functionalities as compared to biomass not subjected to acid hydrolysis; or(c) a combination of (a) and (b).2. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , prior to densification claim 1 , the HTM and the LTM have a combined moisture content of about 7% to about 15%.3. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , subsequent to densification claim 1 , the briquette has a moisture content of about 3% to about 10%.4. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette exhibits lignin based in-situ binding and is free of an added binder.5. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a density in the range of about 1 to about 1.5 gm/cm.6. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a durability index value of about 5% to more than about 90%.7. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein hydrophobicity of the briquette is increased relative to a briquette including only LTM.8. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a calorific value of about 8 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb to about 10 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb.9. A method of producing a torrefied biomass briquette claim 1 , comprising:producing a mixture comprising about 10% to about 95% of a highly-torrefied material (HTM) and about 5% to about 90% of a lightly torrefied material (LTM);preheating the mixture to a predetermined temperature;compressing and simultaneously heating the mixture10. The method of claim 9 , wherein claim ...

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Номер записи: 52
17-07-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACTIVE CARBON FROM COAL FLYASH

Номер: US20140197020A1
Автор: Xu Minqing
Принадлежит: FUJIAN LONGYAN LONGNENG FLYASH COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION CO.LTD.

The present invention provides a system and a process for preparing activated carbon from fly ash. The system of the present invention comprises a flotation system and a carbonization system. The present invention has the following advantages. Firstly, since a fuel gas-flue gas loop structure is arranged, the combustible fuel gas produced in carbonization process enters the combustion means for combustion via this loop structure, and also via this loop structure, the high temperature flue gas generated by the combustion enters the carbonization furnace to heat up and carbonize the charcoal powder raw material within the carbonization furnace. Such a solution not only saves energy, but also prevents a substantial amount of combustible gas from being emitted to the atmosphere, thereby reducing environmental pollution. Secondly, since two cylinders are arranged in the carbonization furnace, the charcoal powder raw material in the inner cylinder enters the outer cylinder and then exits from the outer cylinder. In this way, with the length of the device unchanged, the route of the charcoal powder raw material is lengthened and its heating time is prolonged, so that the raw material is sufficiently heated and carbonized. 1. A system for preparing activated carbon from fly ash , comprising a flotation system and a carbonization system ,wherein the flotation system comprises at least one flotation device and each of said flotation device comprises a vertically arranged cylinder, an overflow collection segment disposed at the top of the cylinder and a tailing collection segment disposed at the bottom of the cylinder, in which said overflow collection segment is provided with a discharge port and said tailing collection segment is provided with a tailing outlet, and a combustion means comprising a gas inlet and a gas outlet,', 'a double-cylinder rotary carbonization furnace, which comprises a rotatable inner cylinder and a rotatable outer cylinder, a heating means disposed in ...

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Номер записи: 53
27-05-2021 дата публикации

Atmospheric Pressure Water Ion Generating Device

Номер: US20210155854A1
Автор: Hsiao Ruei-Chang, LIU Yung-Chih, Zhang Guo-Zhong
Принадлежит:

An atmospheric pressure water ion generating device is arranged in a triphase organic matter pyrolysis system which includes a steam generating device and a pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device. The water ion generating device includes a connecting pipe connected with the steam generating device, and having an interior that is penetrated, a heating tube having a first end connected with the connecting pipe and having an interior provided with an air channel, and a spraying head connected with a second end of the heating tube, and having an interior that is tapered. The air channel has a surface provided with an alloy catalyst layer. The spraying head is provided with a nozzle which is connected with the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device. 1. A water ion generating device arranged in a triphase organic matter pyrolysis system comprising a steam generating device and a pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device , the water ion generating device comprising:a connecting pipe connected with the steam generating device, and having an interior that is penetrated;a heating tube having a first end connected with the connecting pipe and having an interior provided with an air channel, the air channel having a surface provided with an alloy catalyst layer; anda spraying head connected with a second end of the heating tube, and having an interior that is tapered, the spraying head being provided with a nozzle which is connected with the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device;wherein:the steam generating device produces a saturated steam which is delivered through the connecting pipe into the heating tube which heats the saturated steam to produce a superheated steam;the superheated steam is dissociated and transferred into water ions by the alloy catalyst layer of the air channel;the water ions of the water ion generating device enters the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device under an atmospheric pressure and an approximately anaerobic state; andthe ...

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Номер записи: 54
31-07-2014 дата публикации

Gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device

Номер: US20140209447A1
Автор: Daniel González González
Принадлежит: GURADOOR SL

The device herein described includes: a feeder for feeding wet crushed coal from an upper feed nozzle ( 1 ) into two branches ( 1 a and 1 b ) provided with suitable mills; an element for mixing/distributing screened coal ( 2 ), located downstream of the nozzle ( 1 ); a gasification chamber ( 3 ) located downstream of the aforementioned element ( 2 ) where the screened material is oxidised by means of the supply of oxygen at approximately 1,800° C.-1,900° C., said chamber ( 3 ) being divided into two sub-chambers by a gas diffusion membrane; a cyclone separator ( 4 ) located downstream of the chamber ( 3 ), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas; an essentially pyrolytic chamber ( 5 ) where the solids carried from the cyclone separator ( 4 ) are pyrolysed, the residual gases being fed back into the chamber ( 3 ); and a sawtooth screen ( 6 ) which collects the solid waste, storing same as slag in a storage element ( 7 ).

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Номер записи: 55
31-07-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR COAL LIQUEFACTION

Номер: US20140209513A1
Автор: Anthony Rayford G., Borsinger Gregory G., HASSAN Abbas, Hassan Aziz
Принадлежит: H R D Corporation

Herein disclosed is a method for coal liquefaction comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and contacting the supersaturated dispersion with coal in the high shear device or in a coal liquefaction reactor to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the method further comprises utilizing a conversion catalyst, wherein the catalyst is provided as a slurry, a fluidized bed, or a fixed bed. In some embodiments, the method further comprises feeding a conversion catalyst into the high shear device. In some embodiments, the method further comprises recycling at least a portion of an off gas from the reactor, recycling at least a portion of the product stream from the reactor, or both. Herein also disclosed is a system for coal liquefaction. 1. A method for coal liquefaction comprising:supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; andcontacting the supersaturated dispersion with coal in said high shear device or in a coal liquefaction reactor to generate a product stream.2. The method of further comprising utilizing a conversion catalyst claim 1 , wherein said catalyst is provided as a slurry claim 1 , a fluidized bed claim 1 , or a fixed bed.3. The method of further comprising feeding a conversion catalyst into the high shear device.4. The method of further comprising recycling at least a portion of an off gas from the reactor claim 1 , recycling at least a portion of the product stream from the reactor claim 1 , or both.5. The method of wherein said off gas comprises hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons claim 4 , and wherein said off gas is recycled into the high shear device.6. The method of wherein said product stream comprises an ...

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Номер записи: 56
10-05-2018 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

Номер: US20180127672A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Mennell James A.
Принадлежит:

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 BtU/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 171-. (canceled)72. A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent , the process comprising:(a) providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising biomass;(b) in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas for at least 10 minutes at a pyrolysis temperature from about 250° C. to about 700° C., thereby generating hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;(c) separating at least a portion of the condensable vapors and at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from the hot pyrolyzed solids;(d) in a cooling zone, cooling the hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of the substantially inert gas for at least 5 minutes at a cooling temperature less than the pyrolysis temperature, thereby generating warm pyrolyzed solids;(e) subsequently passing at least a portion of the condensable vapors and/or at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from step (c) across the warm pyrolyzed solids, thereby forming enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon content; and(f) recovering a ...

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Номер записи: 57
21-05-2015 дата публикации

UPGRADING COAL AND OTHER CARBONACEOUS FUELS USING A LEAN FUEL GAS STREAM FROM A PYROLYSIS STEP

Номер: US20150136579A1
Автор: Coolidge Dennis W., Horne Deane A., Smith Ronn G., White Leslie C.
Принадлежит: National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy

A method for upgrading coal and other carbonaceous fuels includes subjecting the carbonaceous fuel to a pyrolyzing process, thereby forming upgraded carbonaceous fuel and a flow of lean fuel gases. Auxiliary fuel is combusted in an auxiliary fuel combustor to produce auxiliary fuel combustion gases, and the lean fuel gases are heated with the auxiliary fuel combustion gases. The heated lean fuel gases are combusted in a lean fuel combustor, thereby producing a gas stream of products of combustion, and at least a portion of the gas stream of products of combustion are directed to the pyrolyzer. 1. The method of upgrading coal and other carbonaceous fuels comprising:subjecting the carbonaceous fuel to a pyrolyzing process, thereby forming upgraded carbonaceous fuel and a flow of lean fuel gases;directing the flow of lean fuel gases and a flow of primary combustion air into a lean fuel combustor;combusting the lean fuel gases in the lean fuel combustor, thereby producing a gas stream of products of combustion;introducing at least a portion of the gas stream into the flow of primary combustion air; anddirecting the remainder of the gas stream to the pyrolyzer, wherein at least about 60% of the heat provided to the pyrolyzer is provided by the combustion of the lean fuel gases from the pyrolyzer, with the remainder of the heat being provided by an auxiliary fuel combustor.2. The method of in which at least about 70% of the heat provided to the pyrolyzer is provided by the combustion of the lean fuel gases from the pyrolyzer claim 1 , with the remainder of the heat being provided by the auxiliary fuel combustor.3. The method of in which the amount of heat provided to the pyrolyzer by the combustion of the lean fuel gases from the pyrolyzer is within the range of from about 70% to about 90% claim 1 , with the remainder of the heat being provided by the auxiliary fuel combustor.4. The method of in which the temperature of the lean fuel gases being introduced into the lean ...

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Номер записи: 58
11-05-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND PLANT FOR ROASTING BIOMASS

Номер: US20170130132A1
Автор: CASTAGNO Florian, MATEOS David
Принадлежит:

This method for roasting biomass, including the flow by gravity of the biomass from the top towards the bottom of a column () with a counter-current of hot gases flowing from the bottom towards the top of the column (), with the establishment of an increasing temperature gradient from the top towards the bottom of the column (), the recovery of the gases at the top of the column and their recycling at the bottom of the column () by way of a gas circuit () so that the gases flow in a closed loop in the column () and the gas circuit (), and the heating of the gases recovered by passing them through a heat exchanger () before their recycling at the bottom of the column (). 122-. (canceled)23. A method for roasting biomass , comprising the flow by gravity of biomass from the top to the bottom of a column with a counter-current of hot gases flowing from the bottom towards the top of the column , with establishment of an increasing temperature gradient from the top to the bottom of the column , the recovery of the gases at the top of the column and their recycling at the bottom of the column by means of a gas circuit so that the gases flow in a closed loop in the column and the gas circuit , and the heating of the recovered gases by having them pass through a heat exchanger before their recycling at the bottom of the column.24. The roasting method according to claim 23 , comprising a preparation phase comprising the filling of the column and of the gas circuit with an inert gas.25. The roasting method according to claim 24 , wherein claim 24 , at the end of the preparation phase claim 24 , the pressure in the column and in the gas circuit is less than 0.5 bars.26. The roasting method according to claim 23 , comprising the treatment of the recovered gases at the top of the column by having them pass in a condenser before their recycling at the bottom of the column.27. The roasting method according to claim 26 , wherein the condenser is located upstream from the heat ...

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Номер записи: 59
28-05-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PROCESSING COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS, REACTOR FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME (VARIANTS) AND APPARATUS COMPRISING SAID REACTOR

Номер: US20150144476A1
Автор: "Eruslanov Aleksej Vasilevich", "Rassokhin Igor Vasilevich", ANIGURKIN Maksim Viktorovich, GOPONENKO Evgenij Trofimovich, Panfilov Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, Vazhnenkov Aleksey Alekseevich
Принадлежит:

The inventions are related to industrial processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon products. A method of processing combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon products is implemented using a reactor equipped with temperature sensors. The reactors comprise the phases of heating the charge (), pyrolysis of combustible components and coking (), combustion (), and formation of a solid residue (). At the phases of heating the charge () and coking and pyrolysis (), an aerosol (i.e. dust particles and condensed liquid droplets carried away from the combustion zone () sorption zone () is formed by flushing the upper part of the charge by liquid hydrocarbonaceous products through the dispenser () and/or by adding to the batch the solid hydrocarbonaceous products having a softening point above 60° C. and the end boiling point above 300° C. The plant includes a reactor (either of the two aforementioned models), the discharge assembly for discharging of solid and non-combustible by-products (), the gas-vapor mixture discharge unit (), a cyclone separator for coarse filtering (cleaning unit for purification and removing the solid and liquid carbonaceous particles) (), liquid products condensation unit (), Florence flasks for condensates (), and liquid hydrocarbon waste tank sump (). Between the cyclone-type cleaning unit for purification and removing the solid and liquid carbonaceous particles () and the liquid products condensation unit (), there is an additional gas-vapor mixture purification unit (), consisting of a centrifugal separator for fine purification () and one selective-type cyclone (). The liquid hydrocarbon waste tank sump () is equipped with a feed dispenser for their charging to the dispenser () located at the upper lid of the reactor (). The invention allows to improve the quality of purification of the gas-vapor mixture from solid and liquid-drop impurities up to 95%, increase the process productivity and simplify the required hardware design. The invention ...

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Номер записи: 60
18-05-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS AND CARBONIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY BIOMASS

Номер: US20170137715A1
Автор: GUO Xinhui, JIANG Enchen, Li Shibo, Shi Dongdong, WANG Mingfeng, XU Xiwei, Zhang Shijun
Принадлежит: SOUTH CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

The invention belongs to the field of biomass energy utilization, and a continuous pyrolysis and carbonization method of agricultural and forestry biomass is disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: feeding biomass feedstock to a dryer for drying, then transporting to a continuous pyrolysis apparatus for pyrolyzing to obtain pyrolysis semicoke and pyrolysis volatiles; and transporting the pyrolysis semicoke to a carbonization apparatus for carbonization to obtain biomass charcoal and semi-coke carbonized volatiles; then discharging the pyrolysis volatiles and the semi-coke carbonized volatiles, and cooling to obtain tar, wood vinegar and pyrolysis gas; introducing the pyrolysis gas into a combustion apparatus for combustion to obtain a high temperature flue gas; and finally transporting the high temperature flue gas into pyrolysis apparatus and carbonization apparatus for supplying heat, then the flue gas after supplying heat is delivered to the dryer and discharging tail gas. In the method, continuous and stable pyrolysis and carbonization of biomasses is realized, the pyrolysis step and the carbonization step are finished in the same system with separate step, transport efficiency is significantly increased, reaction conditions are steady and controllable, and the energy utilization efficiency is high. 1. A method of continuous pyrolysis and carbonization of agricultural and forestry biomass , characterized in: using a continuous pyrolysis process to initially pyrolyze biomass , then using a fixed bed carbonization process to fully carbonize pyrolytic semicoke of the primary pyrolysis product , comprising the following steps in detail:(1) transporting biomass feedstock into a drying oven for drying by a feeding apparatus;(2) transporting the dried biomass feedstock to a continuous pyrolysis apparatus for pyrolysis by a feeding apparatus, wherein the resulting products are pyrolysis semicoke and pyrolysis volatiles;(3) transporting the pyrolysis ...

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Номер записи: 61
10-06-2021 дата публикации

An Apparatus For Fuel Gas Production And Combustion

Номер: US20210171847A1
Автор: IMSANGUAN Kittisak, KEAWLUAN Sommas, KOSONSITTIWIT Phakorn, KOSONSITTIWIT Thanakrit, NAKSUK Paisal
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for fuel gas production and combustion comprises a solid fuel feeding unit for receiving and feeding solid fuel; a gas producing unit being connected to the solid fuel feeding unit for receiving solid fuel from the solid fuel feeding unit; an air feeding unit connected to the gas producing unit for feeding air to the gas producing unit to cause a gasification reaction; an ash trapping unit connected to the gas producing unit for separating fly ash and dust from the fuel gas; a burner unit connected to the ash trapping unit for combusting the fuel gas; and an ash discharging unit connected to the gas producing unit and ash trapping unit and comprising a bottom ash discharging part and a fly ash discharging part, characterized in that the air feeding unit comprises a plurality of air feeding parts wherein at least one air feeding part being connected to the gas producing unit and at least one air feeding part being connected to the ash trapping unit. 1. An apparatus for fuel gas production and combustion comprising:{'b': '1', 'a solid fuel feeding unit () for receiving and feeding solid fuel;'}{'b': 2', '1', '1, 'a gas producing unit () connected to the solid fuel feeding unit () for receiving solid fuel from the solid fuel feeding unit ();'}{'b': 3', '2', '2, 'an air feeding unit () connected to the gas producing unit () for feeding air to the gas producing unit () to cause a gasification reaction;'}{'b': 4', '2, 'an ash trapping unit () connected to the gas producing unit () for separating fly ash and dust from the fuel gas;'}{'b': 5', '4, 'a burner unit () connected to the ash trapping unit () for combusting the fuel gas; and'}{'b': 6', '2', '4', '61', '62, 'an ash discharging unit () connected to the gas producing unit () and ash trapping unit () comprising a bottom ash discharging part () and a fly ash discharging part (),'}characterized in that{'b': 3', '2', '4, 'the air feeding unit () comprises a plurality of air feeding parts wherein at least one ...

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Номер записи: 62
15-09-2022 дата публикации

A method for the continuous thermal processing of used, damaged or otherwise degraded tyres, and a device for carrying out this method

Номер: US20220288814A1
Автор: Alois Vasicek
Принадлежит: Tyrecycle AS

Continuous thermal processing of used or damaged tires carried out by thermal decomposition in a closed vertically oriented reaction space in the presence of a controlled flow of air blowing into it from below, by the action of flue gases passing from the tires ignited at the bottom of the reaction space upwards, along the tires stacked and continuously replenished in the reaction space to form their thermal decomposition products, discharged from the reaction space to be further processed.

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Номер записи: 63
07-05-2020 дата публикации

Triphase Organic Matter Pyrolysis System and its Atmospheric Pressure Water Ion Generating Device

Номер: US20200140761A1
Автор: Hsiao Ruei-Chang, LIU Yung-Chih, Zhang Guo-Zhong
Принадлежит:

A triphase organic matter pyrolysis system includes multiple devices cooperating with each other. The feeding device delivers organic matters into the preheating device. The preheated organic matters are delivered into the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device. The steam generating device produces a saturated steam which is delivered into the water ion generating device which heats the saturated steam into a superheated steam which is dissociated into water ions which are delivered into the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device. The water ions cut, dissociates and carbonizes the organic matters to form carbon residues and gas-liquid wastes. The heat energy is recycled by the heat recycle device and is delivered into the preheating device. The gas-liquid wastes are processed by the gas-liquid separation device and the gas purifying device to form gas and liquid that are harmless. 1. A triphase organic matter pyrolysis system comprising:a feeding device delivering organic matters;a preheating device connected with the feeding device to receive and preheat the organic matters;a steam generating device providing a saturated steam;a water ion generating device connected with the steam generating device, and receiving and heating the saturated steam into a superheated steam which is dissociated and transferred into water ions;a pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device connected with the preheating device and the water ion generating device, to receive the preheated organic matters of the preheating device and the water ions of the water ion generating device, the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device treating the water ions and the organic matters under an atmospheric pressure and an anaerobic state by reactions of molecular scission, pyrolysis and carbonization, to form carbon residues and gas-liquid wastes;a heat recycle device connected with the preheating device and the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device, to recycle and transmit a heat ...

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Номер записи: 64
22-09-2022 дата публикации

Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of e-waste materials

Номер: US20220298424A1
Автор: Charles T. Ludwig, Ernest J. Zavoral, SR., Henry W. Brandhorst, Jr., Ullrich H. Engel
Принадлежит: Chz Technologies LLC

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various e-waste sources into Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes e-waste sources, such as for example whole circuit boards, to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source, along with the ability to recover precious metals and other valuable components from the Char.

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Номер записи: 65
04-09-2014 дата публикации

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods before gasification

Номер: US20140249237A1
Автор: Francis Michael FERRARO, Jerrod Wayne HOHMAN, Robert S. Ampulski
Принадлежит: Sundrop Fuels Inc

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass is discussed. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

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Номер записи: 66
15-06-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS THERMAL PROCESSING OF USED OR OTHERWISE DEGRADED TYRES

Номер: US20170166817A1
Автор: VASICEK Alois
Принадлежит:

The device for the continuous processing of used or otherwise degraded tyres consists of a reactor () for the thermal decomposition of these waste tyres into the organic decomposition products in the form of low molecular hydrocarbons, and residual inorganic waste shares. In the upper part of the reactor () there is created a filling chamber () with a pair of filling closures () for filling its internal space by the waste tyres and in the bottom part of the reactor () there is formed the output chamber () of the residual inorganic shares with a pair of output closures (), while in the lower part of the reactor () there are arranged the nozzles () for generating of a mild gaseous inert medium by oxidation of unreacted residues of organic matter from the processed tyres. In the upper part of the inner space of the reactor () under the filling chamber () is then created at least one output opening () of this inert gas media, which, together with the therein dispersed organic decomposed products in the form of aerosol, is led through the separator () of solid particles and a cooler () into a separator () of liquid particles from the cooled aerosol which is equipped with the first end output () of the liquid particles into the tank () and, second, between-operating output () of the gaseous particles, which are led to the direct energy use by combustion in thermal machines or in a convenient implementation they are driven Into the freezing chamber () for the separation of gases with a condensing temperature above the temperature in this chamber. From freezing chamber () there is ended up the second end output () of one part in it non-condensed gases and the third end output () of the remaining part in it non-condensed gases. 1. A device for the continuous processing of waste tyres , said device comprising a reactor for the thermal decomposition of the waste tyres into organic decomposition products in the form of hydrocarbons and residual inorganic waste shares ,wherein ...

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Номер записи: 67
21-05-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE AND FACILITY FOR CONVERTING DRY CARBON-CONTAINING AND/OR HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS INTO SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20200157441A1
Автор: Guyomarch Raymond
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a device () for converting carbonaceous dry raw materials (MPCS) into a synthesis gas, comprising a MPCS pyrolysis chamber (); a port () for introducing the MPCS into said pyrolysis chamber (); and a port () for extraction of synthesis gas from said pyrolysis chamber (). The device () further includes a central chamber () immersed in said pyrolysis chamber () and comprising a port () allowing only a gaseous communication between said central chamber () and said pyrolysis chamber (); and an oxygen injection port () in said central chamber () for oxidizing at least one portion of the pyrolysis gases passing from the pyrolysis chamber () to the central chamber (). 1100100. A device () for converting carbonaceous dry raw materials (MPCS) into a synthesis gas comprising CO and H2 , said device () comprising:{'b': '110', 'a MPCS pyrolysis chamber () open at the top and bottom, and adapted to contain MPCS;'}{'b': 106', '110, 'a port (), at top of said pyrolysis chamber, for introducing the MPCS into said pyrolysis chamber (); and'}{'b': 108', '110, 'a port (), at bottom of said pyrolysis chamber, for extraction of synthesis gas from said pyrolysis chamber ();'}{'b': 120', '110, 'claim-text': [{'b': 128', '120', '110, 'at least one port () allowing only a gaseous communication between said central chamber () and said pyrolysis chamber (); and'}, {'b': 132', '120', '110', '120, 'at least one oxygen injection port () in said central chamber () for oxidizing at least one portion of the pyrolysis gases passing from the pyrolysis chamber () to the central chamber ();'}], 'a central chamber () disposed in said pyrolysis chamber (), and comprisingwherein:{'b': 132', '120, 'at least one oxygen injection port () is in a chamber, so-called cracking chamber, at the bottom of said central chamber (); and'}{'b': 128', '120, 'the gaseous communication ports () are at the top and on the sides of said central chamber ().'}2100120100. Device () according to claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 68
22-06-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS FROM THE PART OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN THE WASTE

Номер: US20170174997A1
Автор: VASICEK Alois
Принадлежит: ALPAJAR GROUP s.r.o

Method of continuous production of liquid and gaseous fuels from the part of organic substances in the waste, in particular in the industrial, agricultural and municipal waste, including their mixtures, consists in thermic decomposition of these wastes into fuels—usable low-molecular hydrocarbons, as well as other residual inorganic or other parts intended for recycling or to any landfill, where the treated waste with a content of organic substances, especially in the form of paper, plastics, rubber, including non-crushed used tires, wooden elements, sawdust, rests of meals and fats, and their packaging, in a hermetically sealed reaction space with non-access of air thermically decomposes by the heated gaseous inert medium. By the influence of the electrostatic charge, resulting from the decomposition of organic, in particular polymeric substances, pass from them decomposed low-molecular substances in the form of hydrocarbons altogether in the mixture with gaseous inert medium as the carrier gas in the aerosol, which is then further conducted to its cooling, precipitation and the mutual separation in it contained gaseous, and liquid low-molecular hydrocarbons. After the decomposition of all of the parts of organic substances from the hermetically closed reaction space, all the residual inorganic or other parts of the processed waste are gradually being removed. 1. A method of continuous production of liquid and gaseous fuels from organic substances in waste , the method comprising:thermally decomposing the waste with a heated gaseous inert medium in a hermetically sealed reaction space with non-access of air into an aerosol comprising the gaseous inert medium and a fuel comprising hydrocarbons and other residual inorganic material, wherein the decomposing occurs in the presence of an electrostatic charge, wherein the waste comprises paper, plastics, rubber, wooden elements, sawdust, food waste, food packaging, or mixtures thereof, wherein the waste comprises ...

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Номер записи: 69
06-06-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

Номер: US20190169518A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Mennell James A.
Принадлежит:

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. 160-. (canceled)60. A biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor comprising a material feed system , a plurality of spatially separated reaction zones configured for separately controlling temperature and mixing within each of said reaction zones , and a carbonaceous-solids outlet , wherein one of said reaction zones is configured with a first gas inlet for introducing a substantially inert gas into said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor , and wherein one of said reaction zones is configured with a first gas outlet.61. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 60 , wherein said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor includes at least two reaction zones.6257. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim claim 60 , wherein said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor includes at least three reaction zones.63. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 62 , wherein said reactor includes at least four reaction zones.64. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 60 , wherein each of said reaction zones is disposed in communication with separately adjustable indirect heating means claim 60 , each independently selected from ...

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Номер записи: 70
28-06-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS, AND PRODUCTS THEREOF

Номер: US20180179447A1
Автор: Grünbauer Henri J.M., Vasbinder Robert Jan
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a system and method for converting biomass and the products obtained therefrom. The system comprises a conversion unit () provided with an inlet () for introducing biomass, an inlet () for introducing a gas stream, an outlet () for removing carbonized material (), and an outlet () for releasing a fluid (F), the system further comprising a first separation unit (), a second separation unit (), a condensing unit (). 1. System for converting biomass , the system comprising:{'b': 1', '5', '6', '8', '9', '10', '3, 'claim-text': [{'b': 1', '1', '1', '1, 'a first heat transfer zone (A) for heating the gas stream by direct contact between the gas stream and carbonized biomass having a first temperature level (CT), resulting in the at least partial combustion thereof and a first fluid (F) having a first temperature level (T);'}, {'b': 1', '1', '1', '2', '2, 'a second heat transfer zone (B) for heating dried biomass by direct contact between the first fluid (F) having a first temperature level (T) and the dried biomass, resulting in the at least partial conversion thereof and the release of a second fluid (F) having a second temperature level (T);'}, {'b': 1', '2', '2', '3', '3, 'a drying zone (C) for drying a fresh biomass by direct contact between the second fluid (F) having a second temperature level (T) and the fresh biomass, resulting in a dried biomass and the release of a third fluid (F) having a third temperature level (T),'}, {'b': 1', '8', '9, 'a discharge zone (D) provided with outlet () for continuously removing carbonized material (), said system further comprising], 'A) a conversion unit () provided with an inlet () for introducing biomass, an inlet () for introducing a gas stream, an outlet () for removing carbonized material (), and an outlet () for releasing a fluid (F), said conversion unit comprising{'b': 11', '3', '3', '4', '4', '1, 'B) a first separation unit (), for separating solids and tar from the third fluid (F) by ...

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Номер записи: 71
09-07-2015 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A PYROLYSIS PRODUCT

Номер: US20150191655A1
Автор: Jokela Pekka, RAIKO MARKKU, SIPILÄ Kai, SOLANTAUSTA YRJO
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to an apparatus for producing a pyrolysis product, the apparatus comprising a pyrolysis reactor for forming pyrolysis product fractions from raw material by fast pyrolysis, a condensing device for condensing gaseous pyrolysis product fractions to mainly liquid pyrolysis product fractions, a combustion boiler arranged in conjunction with the pyrolysis reactor for forming energy fractions, and feeding devices for feeding raw materials to the pyrolysis reactor and the combustion boiler. According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a separating device arranged substantially in conjunction with the pyrolysis reactor for separating other fractions from the gaseous pyrolysis product fractions after the pyrolysis and means for conducting other fractions than the gaseous pyrolysis product fractions from the separator to the combustion boiler. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises means for adding oxygen to the carrier gas for increasing the oxygen content of the carrier gas.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises means for forming the carrier gas which contains oxygen from the combustion gas of the combustion boiler and means for circulating the carrier gas to the pyrolysis reactor.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the apparatus comprises a device for purifying the combustion gas.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier gas contains oxygen in an amount of 1 to 7% by volume.6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises a separating device for separating other fractions than gaseous pyrolysis product fractions from the gaseous pyrolysis product fractions after the pyrolysis.7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises means for conducting the solids containing flow including solids and heat transfer material from the separating device to the combustion boiler.8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 72
15-07-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

Номер: US20210214632A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Mennell James A.
Принадлежит:

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent , the process comprising:providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising dry biomass;in a preheating zone, preheating the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas;in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas to thereby generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;separating at least a portion of the condensable vapors and at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from the hot pyrolyzed solids;in a cooling zone, cooling the hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of the substantially inert gas and with a cooling temperature less than the pyrolysis temperature, to generate warm pyrolyzed solids;in a cooler that is separate from the cooling zone, cooling the warm pyrolyzed solids to generate cool pyrolyzed solids; andrecovering a high-carbon biogenic reagent comprising at least a portion of the cool pyrolyzed solids;wherein the process further comprises introducing at ...

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Номер записи: 73
16-07-2015 дата публикации

Carbon micro-plant

Номер: US20150196893A1
Автор: Daniel J. Despen, David Reamer, James A. Mennell
Принадлежит: Biogenic Reagent Ventures LLC, Biogenic Reagents Ventures LLC

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO 2 , H 2 O, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the CO 2 and H 2 O may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream.

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Номер записи: 74
06-07-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR DEVOLATIZING A FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20170190975A1
Автор: Baker Marvin Ronnie, Hayward David Earle
Принадлежит:

Provided herein is a method for devolatizing a solid feedstock. The solid feedstock is treated to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cmand 100 cm. The solid feedstock is passed into a device connected to an outlet of a compaction screw auger comprising an assembly including a solid feedstock injector, a retort, a side arm for injecting a heated gas comprising hydrogen, and a process auger. The solid feedstock is contacted with the heated gas at a temperature of 500° C. to 1000° C. for a time of 60 seconds to 120 seconds, whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream. 1. A method for devolatizing a solid feedstock , comprising carbon-based waste selected from the group consisting of hazardous material , biomass , animal manure , tires , municipal solid waste and refuse derived fuel , wherein the method comprises:{'sup': 3', '3, 'treating the solid feedstock to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cmand 100 cm;'} [{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'the injector having a cylindrical body defined by an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical surface with a thickness between the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, an inner cavity, an inside diameter D, and an outside diameter D; an inlet end of the injector having an inlet opening and injector flange radially disposed around the inlet opening and extending radially outward from the cylindrical body of the injector; an outlet end of the injector having an outlet opening and an injector ring radially disposed around the outlet opening and extending radially outward from the cylindrical body of the injector; an internal sealing shoulder being disposed on the outer cylindrical surface of the injector at a distance Lfrom the injector ring and at a distance Lfrom the injector flange, wherein the distance Lis less than the distance L;'}, {'sub': 3', '4', '3', '2, 'the retort having a cylindrical body defined by an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical ...

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Номер записи: 75
06-07-2017 дата публикации

MULTISTAGE THERMOLYSIS METHOD FOR SAFE AND EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF E-WASTE MATERIALS

Номер: US20170190977A1
Автор: Brandhorst, Engel Ullrich H., JR. Henry W., Ludwig Charles T., SR. Ernest J., Zavoral
Принадлежит:

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various e-waste sources into Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes e-waste sources, such as for example whole circuit boards, to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source, along with the ability to recover precious metals and other valuable components from the Char. 1. A method for converting an electric and/or electronic waste source to a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source comprising:inputting an electric and electronic waste source into a thermolysis system; wherein the thermolysis system comprises at least two reactors and an oil/tar cracker; andundergoing a depolymerization and a cracking reaction of hydrocarbons in the waste source;destroying and/or removing toxic compounds present in the waste sources; andgenerating the Clean Fuel Gas source and Char source,wherein the Clean Fuel Gas source is used to power a system or application;wherein the Char source contains recoverable metals; andwherein the Clean Fuel Gas source and Char source are substantially-free of halogenated organic compounds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric and electronic waste source is an e-waste source selected from the group consisting of printed wiring boards claim 1 , thermoplastic materials claim 1 , flat panel displays claim 1 , printer cartridges and/or cassettes claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermolysis system comprises at least one reactor with a process temperature of about 300° C.-800° C. for the waste source to undergo at least partial gasification.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermolysis system is provided with indirect heat that is free of oxygen.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermolysis system has a ...

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Номер записи: 76
25-09-2014 дата публикации

Waste Processing

Номер: US20140284197A1
Автор: Chalabi Rifat Al, Perry Ophneil Henry, TURNER John
Принадлежит: CHINOOK END-STAGE RECYCLING LIMITED

M&C PB 143543WO 22 31524653-1-abhimani ABSTRACT An apparatus and method for processing organic materials is provided comprising an elongate process tube () having an inlet for receiving the material and an outlet for processed material. A gas conveying system fluidically conveys the material through the processing tube, The gas conveying system comprises a supply of conveying gas which is a hot pressurised inert gas, connected to the processing tube () at its inlet end. A control system is configured to control the supply of the pressurised inert gas to the processing tube () so as to convey a batch of material through the tube () whilst simultaneously heating said it to cause the organic matter therein to gasify to produce process. The processing tube () has a plurality of sections, each separated by a closure (), and the gas conveying means conveys the material from one section to the next. 1. Apparatus for processing material such as organically coated waste and organic materials including biomass , industrial waste , municipal solid waste and sludge; the apparatus comprising:an elongate process tube having an inlet for receiving the material and an outlet for processed material;a gas conveying system for fluidically conveying said material through said processing tube, said conveying system comprising a supply of conveying gas, comprising hot pressurised inert gas, connected to said processing tube at its inlet end; anda control system configured to control the supply of said pressurised inert gas to said processing tube so as to convey a batch of said material through said tube simultaneously heating said material to cause any organic matter therein to gasify to produce process gas whereinthe processing tube comprises a plurality of sections, each separated by a valve, and wherein the gas conveying system is configured to convey the material from one section to the next.2. The apparatus of further comprising a separator configured to extract the process gas ...

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Номер записи: 77
27-06-2019 дата публикации

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

Номер: US20190194561A1
Автор: Daniel J. Despen, James A. Mennell
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC, Carbon Technology Holdings LLC

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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Номер записи: 78
09-10-2014 дата публикации

Reactor for drying and torrefying a biomass, preferably a lignocellulose biomass

Номер: US20140298716A1
Автор: Charlotte Marty, Thierry Chataing
Принадлежит: Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA

A reactor for drying and torrefaction, configured for torrefying biomass, including a chamber in which two separate areas are delimited, a mechanism for mixing and transferring biomass from one end of the chamber to the other, a drying device in an upstream area of the chamber configured to dry the biomass introduced into the reactor, a torrefaction device in a downstream area of the chamber configured to torrefy biomass dried in the upstream area, and a transfer and sealing system configured to allow dried biomass to be transferred from the upstream area to the downstream area at time intervals, and to make the two areas mutually sealed during each interval. Such a reactor may, for example, find application to torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass.

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Номер записи: 79
26-07-2018 дата публикации

DELAYED COKING PROCESS WITH PRE-CRACKING REACTOR

Номер: US20180208853A1
Автор: Bhattacharyya Debasis, Das Satyen Kumar, KOTTAKUNA Arjun Kumar, MAZUMDAR Sanjiv Kumar, PRADEEP Ponoly Ramachandran, Prasad Terapalli Hari Venkata Devi, RAMAKUMAR Sankara Sri Venkata, Sau Madhusudan
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to delayed coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilize a pre-cracking reactor and a reactor furnace for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and an intermediate separator, before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking treatment in a coker furnace and a coking drums, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield. 1. A method of reducing overall coke yield said method comprising the steps of:{'b': 1', '20', '40', '59', '2', '21', '41', '60', '3', '22', '42', '61, '(a) heating a hydrocarbon feedstock [, , , ] in a reactor furnace [, , , ] to obtain hot feed [, , , ];'}{'b': 3', '22', '42', '61', '4', '23', '24', '43', '62', '5', '25', '44', '63, '(b) introducing the hot feed [, , , ] of step (a) in a pre-cracking reactor [, , , , ] wherein it undergoes mild thermal cracking reactions to obtain an outlet product material stream [, , , ];'}{'b': 5', '25', '44', '63', '69', '64', '6', '26', '45', '7', '27', '46', '8', '28', '47', '7', '27', '46', '13', '33', '53, '(c) passing the outlet product material stream [, , , ] of step (b) either directly to a main fractionator [] to obtain heavy bottom fraction [] or an intermediate separator [, , ] to split outlet product material stream into top fraction [, , ] and bottom product [, , ] and transferring the top fraction [, , ] to a main fractionator [, , ];'}{'b': 64', '8', '28', '47', '9', '29', '49', '65', '10', '30', '50', '66, '(d) heating the heavy bottom fraction [] or the heavy bottom [, , ] of step (c) in a coker furnace [, , , ] to obtain hot hydrocarbon stream [, , , ];'}{'b': 10', '30', '50', '66', '11', '31', '51', '67', '12', '32', '52', '68, '(e) transferring the hot hydrocarbon stream [, , , ] of step (d) to preheated coke drums [, , , ] where it undergoes severe thermal cracking reactions to obtain product vapors [, , , ]; and'}{'b': 12', '32', '52', '68', '13', '33', '53', '69, '(f) passing ...

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Номер записи: 80
25-06-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS, APPARATUS, CONTROLLER AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Номер: US20200199457A1
Автор: GENCER Mehmet A., GRISPIN Charles W., HENSEL Joseph D., SCHABEL Jay, Schwarz Richard A.
Принадлежит:

A process and an apparatus for pyrolysis of mixed plastic feedstock producing petroleum products are described. In one example, a process for producing petroleum products includes charging feedstock of mixed polymer materials into a reactor apparatus. Heat energy is applied to the feedstock while advancing the feedstock through the reactor apparatus in an anaerobic operation. The energy input to the reactor apparatus is controlled by controlling a temperature gradient within the reactor vessel to produce petroleum gas product. The process involves in situ chemical reactions comprising cracking and recombination reactions that that are controlled to convert solid hydrocarbonaceous portion of the feedstock to molten fluids and gases inside the reactor vessel and to produce gaseous petroleum products which exit the reactor vessel. The separated solid residue from the pyrolysis process is also removed from the reactions vessel. 1. A reactor apparatus comprising:a pyrolytic reactor vessel for producing a petroleum gas product from a polymer feedstock; said reactor having a free volume of at least about 60% based upon the amount of said polymer feedstock in said reactor, said reactor having a screw for advancing said feedstock through said reactor;an outer shroud that substantially surrounds the reactor vessel;one or more inner walls that extend between said outer shroud and said pyrolytic reactor vessel and define a plurality of fluid channels along the horizontal length and along the exterior of said reactor vessel within said shroud, said fluid channels capable of containing a heated gas exchange medium therein; andsaid heated gas exchange medium being capable of heating said reactor vessel and cracking and reforming said feedstock and forming said petroleum gas product in said reactor.2. The reactor apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of said inner walls that extend between said outer shroud and the reactor vessel; wherein said reactor has a plurality of ...

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Номер записи: 81
03-08-2017 дата публикации

Waste Incinerator

Номер: US20170218274A1
Автор: Shizheng YU, Xiuying YU
Принадлежит: Individual

A waste incinerator, in a vertical structure and including from the top down: a drying section, a destructive distillation section, a reduction section, and a combustion section. The combustion section includes: two layers of grate bars, a first combustion layer, a second combustion layer, and a third combustion layer. The heat produced from the combustion in the combustion section is used to heat the carbide in the reduction section. The heated carbide reduces CO 2 produced in the combustion into CO (coal gas). The coal gas ascends to the destructive distillation section through the ambient coal gas chamber to heat and destructively distillate the waste to produce the pyrogenic coal gas and the carbide. The carbide drops to the combustion section for combustion, and the pyrogenic coal gas and the coal gas are collected by the draft fan.

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Номер записи: 82
03-08-2017 дата публикации

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS USING A FORCED-EXHAUST METAL FURNACE AND MECHANISMS DEVELOPED FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PRODUCING COAL, FUEL GAS, PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT AND TAR

Номер: US20170218275A1
Автор: DE OLIVEIRA VILELA Adriana, PACCELI DA SILVA E SOUZA Thalis, URBANO ALVES José, VICITIN Ricardo Antônio
Принадлежит: BOCAIUVA MECANICA LTDA.

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyrolgneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions 111248921128131415121216172122233637a. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concurrent production of coal , fuel gas , pyroligneous extract and tar , which consists of a metallic furnace provided with specific mechanisms for optimization of the production process , characterized in that it is metallic container with capacity metal container with charging capacity between 35 and 65 m3 , preferably about 50 m3 of wood or biomass () , with a cone roof (R) , which functions as top cover () provided with pressure relief () and devices for cover fixing ( and ); cylindrical body (R) provided with 28 holes in the side area with flow control () , 4 tubes for injection of air in the interior of the charge , 4 points of side ignition () , ...

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Номер записи: 83
09-08-2018 дата публикации

ACTIVATED CARBON BEADS FOR SMOKING ARTICLES

Номер: US20180220700A1
Автор: Amoros Perez Ana, Anaya Aroldo José Romero, Bonici Alberto, Cano Casanova Laura, COUDERC Gaetan, Lillo-Rodenas Maria Angeles, Linares-Solano Angel, Ouzzine Mohammed
Принадлежит:

Smoking article include a smokable material and an activated carbon particle downstream of the smokable material. The activated carbon particle is produced from a whole seed. The activated carbon particle has a length, width and height. At least two of the length width and height are independently in a range from about 1 mm to about 7.5 mm. The particles can be spheroids, in which case the length, width and height would be the same or similar. 1. A smoking article comprising:a smokable material; andan activated carbon particle downstream of the smokable material, the activated carbon particle produced from a whole seed without mechanical disruption, wherein the activated carbon particle has a length, width, and height, wherein at least two of the length, the width and the height are independently in a range from 1 mm to 7.5 mm.2. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle is free of binder.3. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle is an ellipsoid.4. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle is a spheroid.5. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle is produced from carbonization and physical activation of the whole seed.6. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the seed from which the activated carbon is produced has a diameter in a range from 1 mm to 10 mm.7. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle has a diameter in a range from 2.5 mm to 7 mm.8. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle has a weight in a range from 10 mg to 60 mg.9. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle has a weight in a range from 20 mg to 40 mg.10. The smoking article of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon particle has a surface area (BET) in a range from 500 m/g to 2500 m/g.11. The smoking article of claim 1 , further comprising a filter having filter material claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 84
19-08-2021 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PROCESSING BIOMASS BY CO-GRINDING WITH A SECOND BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20210253963A1
Автор: BOURNAY Laurent, Gazarian Jeremy, Hecquet Michael, PLENNEVAUX Thomas, ULLRICH Norbert
Принадлежит:

The present invention concerns a process for the treatment of a feed comprising biomass, said process comprising at least the following steps: 1. A process for the treatment of a first solid biomass feed , said process comprising the following steps:a) a step for drying said feed at a temperature in the range 20° C. to 180° C. for a period in the range 5 to 180 minutes,b) a step for torrefaction of the dried feed obtained from step a) in order to produce at least one solid torrefied biomass effluent, andc) a step for co-grinding the solid torrefied solid biomass effluent obtained from step b) in the presence of a second biomass feed in order to obtain a powder,in which the second solid biomass feed entering the co-grinding step c) has a moisture content in the range 3.1% to 30% by weight.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a step d) for final drying of the powder obtained from step c) at a temperature in the range 100° C. to 300° C.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the drying step d) is carried out simultaneously with the co-grinding step c).4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the first and second solid biomass feed are selected from solid lignocellulosic biomass.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the first and second solid biomass feed are identical.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a step i) for pre-treatment of the first solid biomass feed claim 1 , preferably for primary grinding.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the torrefaction step b) is carried out at a temperature in the range 200° C. to 350° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range 220° C. to 340° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range 250° C. to 320° C. and more preferably in the range 270° C. to 300° C. claim 1 , for a period in the range 5 to 180 minutes claim 1 , and preferably in the range 15 to 60 minutes claim 1 , at an absolute operating pressure which is preferably in the range 0.01 to 1.5 MPa claim 1 , preferably in the ...

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Номер записи: 85
26-08-2021 дата публикации

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20210261877A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Filips Steve, Mennell James A.
Принадлежит:

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic blast furnace addition composition comprising:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most 5 wt % hydrogen;at most 1 wt % nitrogen;at most 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, an acid or a salt thereof, a base or a salt thereof, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic blast furnace addition composition of further comprising at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % dolomite claim 1 , at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % dolomitic lime claim 1 , at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % bentonite claim 1 , or at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % calcium oxide.3. The biogenic blast furnace addition composition of further comprising at least about 85 wt % total carbon claim 1 , about 0.6 wt % sulfur claim 1 , at most about 1.5 wt % volatile matter claim 1 , at most about 13 wt % ash claim 1 , at most about 8 wt % moisture claim 1 , about 0.035 wt % phosphorus claim 1 , a CRI value of ...

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Номер записи: 86
25-08-2016 дата публикации

CONVERTER FOR ORGANIC MATERIALS

Номер: US20160244674A1
Автор: Herberston Joseph George, Osborn Steve, Strezov Lazer
Принадлежит:

A continuous converter for pyrolysing or otherwise processing biomass or other solid organic feed materials includes a reaction chamber () for producing a solid carbon-containing product and a gas product and optionally a liquid water product via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms from a solid organic feed material. The chamber has an inlet () for supplying a solid organic feed material to the chamber and separate outlets () for the solid carbon-containing product and the gas product produced in the reaction chamber. The inlet and the solid carbon-containing product outlet are configured so that the solid materials in the inlet and in the outlet form respective gas seals in the inlet and the outlet. 1. An apparatus for pyrolysing or otherwise processing a solid organic feed material includes:(a) a reaction chamber having an upstream end, a downstream end, an inlet for the organic feed material, and separate outlets for a gas product and a dried and pyrolysed solid carbon-containing product produced from the organic feed material in the chamber; and(b) an assembly for moving the organic material through the reaction chamber from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the chamber counter-current to a flow of gas produced in the chamber.2. The apparatus defined in includes an outlet for a liquid water product.3. The apparatus defined in includes a device for supplying the solid feed material to the reaction chamber that is configured so that the solid material in the inlet forms a gas seal.4. The apparatus defined in wherein the device is configured for compressing material within the device to form the gas seal.5. The apparatus defined in wherein the device includes two screws on the same axis claim 4 , with the screws being adapted to counter-rotate with respect to each other claim 4 , and an axial gap between the screws in which feed material is compressed in use of the device.6. The apparatus defined in wherein each screw is independently driven by a ...

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Номер записи: 87
23-08-2018 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND CORRESPONDING METHOD TO PRODUCE BIOMASS CHARCOAL

Номер: US20180237697A1
Автор: CAREGNATO Davide, DELLA TOFFOLA Daniele, FERRATO Carlo, PERESSOTTI Alessandro
Принадлежит:

Apparatus to produce biomass charcoal () which can be inserted in a container whose section orthogonal to an axis (S) is subject to the specific application; the apparatus comprises an external casing (′), associated internally with at least a tubular body (′) located coaxial to create at least one interspace (′) for the passage of primary air (A) in which at least a support plane () is housed able to support the biomass () and able to allow a flow of primary air (A) to feed the biomass (), the tubular body (′) has a pipe () for the passage of secondary air (A) provided with a hole () in correspondence with its lower end and has exit means (′) of the secondary air (A) disposed in correspondence with an upper end coordinated with a plate (′). 11201212141416161341001100141455215222222424. Apparatus to produce biomass charcoal () which can be inserted in a container whose section orthogonal to an axis (S) is subject to the specific application , characterized in that it comprises an external casing ( , ′) , associated internally with at least a tubular body ( , ′) located coaxial to create at least an interspace ( , ′) for the passage of primary air (A) in which at least a support plane () is housed able to support the biomass () and able to allow a flow of primary air (A) to feed the biomass () , said tubular body ( , ′) having a pipe () for the passage of secondary air (A) provided with a hole () in correspondence with its lower end and having exit means ( , ′) of the secondary air (A) disposed in correspondence with an upper end coordinated with a plate ( , ′).214181616. Apparatus as in claim 1 , characterized in that said tubular element () comprises peripheral holes () on its base and communicating with said interspace ( claim 1 , ′).3142020. Apparatus as in or claim 1 , characterized in that said tubular body () is configured to coaxially house inside it a sliding body () claim 1 , said sliding body () having at least two axial positions.4201414. Apparatus as in ...

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Номер записи: 88
23-08-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CONDUCTING A HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION REACTION

Номер: US20180237698A1
Автор: KUSCHE Stepan Nicolja
Принадлежит: AVA Green Chemistry Development GmbH

During hydrothermal carbonization, biomass is converted to biocoal. The reaction yield depends on the reaction conditions, including duration of the carbonization reaction or time period within which the slurry composed of water and biomass remains in the reaction tank and is exposed to pressure and temperature. These conditions should be selected so that the greatest possible dry residue of carbonized material remains in the slurry. It has been shown that the dry residue amount changes during the carbonization reaction with a curve that is similar, to a great extent, to that of the slurry pH value. Because determining the dry residue is difficult during the ongoing reaction, but determining the pH value can be easy during the entire reaction period, the reaction is terminated at a maximum of the pH value corresponding to a maximum of the biocoal dry residue, to the greatest possible extent. 1. A method for conducting a hydrothermal carbonization reaction comprising:(a) supplying biomass to a reaction tank;(b) creating reaction conditions with regard to pressure and temperature required for allowing a hydrothermal carbonization reaction to take place by introduction of steam and maintaining the reaction conditions for a reaction period;(c) forming a slurry during the reaction period from the steam and the biomass that are introduced;(d) monitoring the slurry with regard to progression of pH value of the slurry; and(e) terminating the hydrothermal carbonization reaction as soon as a determination is made that a maximum of the pH value has been exceeded.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the progression of the slurry is determined continuously or at discrete time intervals claim 1 , using at least one measurement probe assigned to the reaction tank claim 1 , and noted in a database claim 1 , wherein a process controller compares a current pH value with preceding measurement values from an identical measurement series within the reaction period claim 1 , and ...

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Номер записи: 89
24-08-2017 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE BIOMASS PYROLYSIS

Номер: US20170240814A1
Автор: DALLUGE Dustin L., Gorke Johnathan T., Jones Samuel T., Lusk Steven E.
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

The present disclosure relates generally to a two-stage biomass pyrolysis processes that maximize pyrolysis vapor yield from a lignocellulosic biomass while being conducive to commercial-scale throughput of biomass. A lignocellulosic feedstock is first pyrolyzed in a reactor first stage comprising at least one auger at a temperature and residence time that produces pyrolysis vapors derived predominantly from cellulose and hemi-cellulose fractions of the feedstock. Partially-pyrolyzed feedstock from the reactor first stage is then pyrolyzed in a reactor second stage at a higher temperature for an additional residence time to produce additional pyrolysis vapors that are predominantly derived from lignin. Certain embodiments arrange multiple reactor first stages around a single reactor second stage. 1. A process for pyrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass in a two-stage pyrolysis reactor , comprising the steps of:a) pyrolyzing a lignocellulosic feedstock in a reactor first stage that is maintained at a temperature from 315° C. to 400° C., wherein the reactor first stage comprises at least one auger that conveys the lignocellulosic biomass feedstock through the reactor first stage from a first end portion toward a second end portion, for a lignocellulosic feedstock residence time ranging from 5 to 20 seconds, thereby producing a first product comprising a first condensable pyrolysis vapors and a first solids comprising partially-pyrolyzed feedstock and char;b) passing the first product out of the reactor first stage via an interface located near the second end portion of the reactor first stage and directly into a reactor second stage that is maintained at a temperature in the range from 401° C. to 700° C.;c) pyrolyzing the partially-pyrolyzed feedstock in the reactor second stage for a second feedstock residence time in the range from 30 seconds to 120 seconds to form a second condensable pyrolysis vapors that mixes with the first condensable pyrolysis vapors, and to form a ...

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Номер записи: 90
04-12-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR DRY COOLING OF COKE WITH STEAM WITH SUBSEQUENT USE OF THE SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCED

Номер: US20140352207A1
Автор: Thielert Holger
Принадлежит: THYSSENKRUPP INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS AG

A method for the dry quenching of coke using steam with subsequent use of the synthesis gas generated, the method involving the cyclic coking of coal to coke with the coke being sent to a quenching device after being discharged from the coke oven and steam being introduced into the quenching device for dry quenching, thus creating synthesis gas made up of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H) via a water-gas reaction, and the synthesis gas produced being fed to a further application. This method allows the heat generated during coking to be used for the production of useful synthesis gas which, in turn, can be used for a further purpose or in the heating process, thus on the whole achieving an extremely even energy balance throughout the entire process. 1. Method for the dry quenching of coke in whichcoal is heated in a coke oven via heating by means of a high calorific gas and coke is obtained via cyclic coking, said coke being pushed out into a coke quenching car on completion of the coking, andthe incandescent coke is transported to a coke quenching device in a coke quenching car in which said incandescent coke is quenched to a temperature below the kindling temperature by means of a quenching gas,whereingaseous steam (H2O) is used as the quenching gas under the exclusion of air, said steam reacting at least partially with the incandescent coke according to the water-gas reaction to form synthesis gas made up of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), anddue to the dry quenching being carried out in a coke quenching device the hydrogenous quenching gas obtained is collected, andthe gas mixture thus obtained is used for a further purpose.2. Method for the dry quenching of coke according to claim 1 , wherein use for a further purpose relates to the gas mixture being added to the fuel gas of the coke oven(s).3. Method for the dry quenching of coke according to claim 2 , wherein a hydrocarbonaceous fuel gas is mixed with the synthesis gas used to heat the coke oven ...

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Номер записи: 91
14-10-2021 дата публикации

Updraft gasifier and method, apparatus, and system for biomass decomposition

Номер: US20210317374A1
Автор: Ismael Chang, Jaimie E. Hamilton-Antonson, John R. Pendray
Принадлежит: Cummins Inc

A method, system, and apparatus for decomposing a biomass feedstock include providing a layer of inert particulate matter, such as sand, to line and insulate the bottom surface of a main chamber of a reactor where pyrolysis and oxidation are conducted to produce char and producer gases as primary products. In an embodiment, feedstock positioned in a side region of the reaction chamber insulates side walls of the main chamber from heat in the center region of the main chamber. In an embodiment of the method, a rate of removal of solid products such as char from the reactor is controlled in response to a temperature detected at a position of an extraction tube inlet of the reactor. Activated charcoal may be obtained as a primary product using the system and method, by feeding oxygen into the reactor at an inlet positioned adjacent to an inlet to the extraction chamber.

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Номер записи: 92
11-11-2021 дата публикации

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20210348076A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Filips Steve, Mennell James A.
Принадлежит:

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic syngas-generating feedstock comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic syngas-generating feedstock of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The biogenic syngas-generating feedstock of claim 1 , wherein the biogenic syngas-generating feedstock ...

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Номер записи: 93
18-11-2021 дата публикации

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20210355399A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Filips Steve, Mennell James A.
Принадлежит:

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic fluidized-bed composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic fluidized-bed composition of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The biogenic fluidized-bed composition of claim 1 , wherein the biogenic fluidized-bed composition comprises at ...

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Номер записи: 94
18-11-2021 дата публикации

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20210355402A1
Автор: Despen Daniel J., Filips Steve, Mennell James A.
Принадлежит:

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic metal-ladle addition composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic metal-ladle addition composition of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The biogenic metal-ladle addition composition of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 95
20-08-2020 дата публикации

THERMAL FRACTURE AND MICROCARBON SEPARATION OF COAL PARTICLES

Номер: US20200262704A1
Автор: Grunder Douglas E., Hodson Simon K., Swensen James S.
Принадлежит:

A process for fracturing and devolatilizing coal particles rapidly exposes coal particles to a high temperature, oxygen-depleted work zone for a sufficient time period to cause volatile matter within the coal particles to vaporize and fracture the coal particles. The work zone has a temperature in the range from 600° C. to 2000° C. The coal particles are exposed to the high temperature, oxygen-depleted work zone for a time period less than 1 seconds, and preferably less than 0.3 second. The vaporized volatile matter is condensed and recovered as microcarbon particles. 1. A process for fracturing coal particles comprising exposing coal particles to a high temperature , oxygen-depleted work zone for a sufficient time period to cause volatile matter within the coal particles to vaporize and fracture the coal particles , wherein the work zone has a temperature in the range from 600° C. to 2000° C.2. The process for fracturing coal particles according to claim 1 , wherein the coal particles are exposed to the high temperature claim 1 , oxygen-depleted work zone for a time period less than 1 second.3. The process for fracturing coal particles according to claim 1 , wherein the coal particles are exposed to the high temperature claim 1 , oxygen-depleted work zone for a time period less than 0.3 second.4. The process for fracturing coal particles according to claim 1 , wherein the process produces coal-derived low volatile matter and fractured particles with a diameter that is 5 times or more smaller than the original coal particles claim 1 , a volatile matter content less than 10% by weight claim 1 , a carbon content greater than 90% by weight claim 1 , a sulfur content less than 1% by weight claim 1 , a nitrogen content less than 1% by weight.5. The process for fracturing coal particles according to claim 1 , wherein the coal particles have a particle size less than 10 mm.6. The process for fracturing coal particles according to claim 5 , wherein the fractured particles ...

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Номер записи: 96
25-12-2014 дата публикации

Reformed coal production equipment, and method for controlling same

Номер: US20140373435A1
Автор: Fumiaki Sato, Jun Satou, Keiichi Nakagawa, Setsuo Omoto
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd

Reformed coal production equipment includes: a combustion furnace ( 124 ) generating heated gas; dry distillation gas supply pipe ( 101 ) supplying dry distillation gas ( 14 ) generated at the inner cylinder ( 122 ) of a dry distillation device ( 121 ) to the combustion furnace; vapor generator ( 125 ) to which a portion of the heated gas ( 11 ) generated at the combustion furnace is supplied and which generates waste heat gas ( 13 ) by subjecting the heated gas to heat exchange; and discharge pipe ( 52 ), waste heat gas delivery pipe ( 53 ), mixed gas delivery pipe ( 55 ), blower ( 126 ), mixed gas supply pipe ( 56 ), mixed gas branching pipe ( 102 ), flow rate adjustment valve ( 103 ), and mixed gas allocation pipe ( 105 ) which supply and allocate, to the aforementioned inner cylinder, the waste heat gas and low-temperature heated gas ( 12 ) generated by indirectly heating dried coal ( 2 ) by the heated gas within the outer cylinder ( 123 ) of the dry distillation device.

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Номер записи: 97
05-10-2017 дата публикации

Process, Apparatus, Controller and System for Producing Petroleum Products

Номер: US20170283706A1
Автор: GENCER Mehmet A., GRISPIN Charles W., HENSEL Joseph D., SCHABEL Jay, Schwarz Richard
Принадлежит:

A process and an apparatus for pyrolysis of mixed plastic feedstock producing petroleum products are described. In one example, a process for producing petroleum products includes charging feedstock of mixed polymer materials into a reactor apparatus. Heat energy is applied to the feedstock while advancing the feedstock through the reactor apparatus in an anaerobic operation. The energy input to the reactor apparatus is controlled by controlling a temperature gradient within the reactor vessel to produce petroleum gas product. The process involves in situ chemical reactions comprising cracking and recombination reactions that that are controlled to convert solid hydrocarbonaceous portion of the feedstock to molten fluids and gases inside the reactor vessel and to produce gaseous petroleum products which exit the reactor vessel. The separated solid residue from the pyrolysis process is also removed from the reactions vessel. 1. A process for producing petroleum products comprising:charging feedstock comprising mixed polymer materials into a reactor vessel of a reactor apparatus;applying heat energy to reactor vessel and converting feedstock to molten material while advancing the molten material through the reactor apparatus in an anaerobic operation; andcontrolling the energy input to the reactor vessel and controlling a temperature gradient within the reactor vessel to produce a petroleum gas product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the free volume of the reactor vessel is at least about 40%.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process contains no added catalyst.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is semi-continuous or continuous process and wherein the composition of the feedstock varies during the process.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is semi-continuous or continuous process and wherein the feed rate of the feedstock varies during the process.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature gradient is the temperature ...

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Номер записи: 98
16-12-2021 дата публикации

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

Номер: US20210388280A1
Автор: Daniel J. Despen, James A. Mennell, Steve FILIPS
Принадлежит: Carbon Technology Holdings LLC

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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Номер записи: 99
04-10-2018 дата публикации

Exhaust System For A Biochar Kiln

Номер: US20180282628A1
Автор: Aupperle Donald P., Beierwaltes Benjamin M., Beierwaltes William T., Gaspard, II James G., Olander Mikel S.
Принадлежит:

An example exhaust system for a biochar kiln includes a chimney of the biochar kiln. The example exhaust system for a biochar kiln also includes a first forced air inlet on the chimney to draw smoke through the chimney during a preheating stage to prime the chimney. The example exhaust system for a biochar kiln also includes a second forced air inlet operatively coupled with the chimney. The second forced air inlet activated to increase airflow when air naturally occurring in a smoke stream in the chimney is insufficient, the second forced air inlet deactivated when there is sufficient air. 1. An exhaust system for a biochar kiln , comprising:a chimney of the biochar kiln;a first forced air inlet on the chimney to draw smoke through the chimney during a preheating stage to prime the chimney; anda second forced air inlet operatively coupled with the chimney, the second forced air inlet activated to increase airflow when air naturally occurring in a smoke stream in the chimney is insufficient, the second forced air inlet deactivated when there is sufficient air.2. The exhaust system of claim 1 , further comprising a blower for the first forced air inlet and a blower for the second forced air inlet.3. The exhaust system of claim 2 , further comprising a temperature sensor with feedback to a controller claim 2 , wherein the controller activates and deactivates the blower for the first forced air inlet and the blower for the second forced air inlet based on input from the temperature sensor.4. The exhaust system of claim 2 , further comprising an oxygen sensor with feedback to a controller claim 2 , wherein the controller activates and deactivates the blower for the first forced air inlet and the blower for the second forced air inlet based on input from the oxygen sensor.5. The exhaust system of claim 2 , further comprising both a temperature sensor and an oxygen sensor with feedback to a controller claim 2 , wherein the controller activates and deactivates the blower ...

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Номер записи: 100