SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. 1. A high-carbon biogenic reagent production system , said system comprising:(a) a material feed system configured to introduce a carbon-containing feedstock;(b) an optional dryer, disposed in operable communication with said material feed system, configured to remove moisture contained within a carbon-containing feedstock;(c) a multiple-zone reactor, disposed in operable communication with said material feed system or said dryer (if present), wherein said multiple-zone reactor contains at least one pyrolysis zone disposed in operable communication with a spatially separated cooling zone, and wherein said multiple-zone reactor is configured with an outlet to remove condensable vapors and non-condensable gases from solids;(d) a cooler, disposed in operable communication with said multiple-zone reactor; and(e) a carbon recovery unit, disposed in operable communication with said cooler.2. The system of claim 1 , said system further comprising a preheating zone claim 1 , disposed in operable communication with said pyrolysis zone.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein each of said at least one pyrolysis zone claim 2 , said cooling zone claim 2 , ...

Carbon micro-plant

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO 2 , H 2 O, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the CO 2 and H 2 O may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Carbon micro-plant

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO 2 , H 2 O, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the CO 2 and H 2 O may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream.

HIGHLY MESOPOROUS ACTIVATED CARBON

Highly mesoporous activated carbon products are disclosed with mesoporosities characterized by mesopore volumes of 0.7 to 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 to 1000 or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 to 35 or less. The activated carbon products may be further characterized by total pore volumes of at least 0.85 cubic centimeters per gram and BET surface areas of at least about 800 square meters per gram. The activated carbon product may be derived from a renewable feedstock. 1. An activated carbon product , wherein said product has a mesoporosity characterized by mesopore volume of about 0.5 cubic centimeters per gram or greater.2. The activated carbon product of claim 1 , wherein said mesopore volume is about 0.7 cubic centimeters per gram or greater.3. The activated carbon product of claim 2 , wherein said mesopore volume is about 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater.4. An activated carbon product claim 2 , wherein said product is characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 or greater.5. The activated carbon product of claim 4 , wherein said product is characterized by a Molasses Number of about 750 or greater.6. The activated carbon product of claim 5 , wherein said product is characterized by a Molasses Number of about 1000 or greater.7. An activated carbon product claim 5 , wherein said product is characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 or less.8. The activated carbon product of claim 7 , wherein said product is characterized by a Tannin Value of about 50 or less.9. The activated carbon product of claim 8 , wherein said product is characterized by a Tannin Value of about 35 or less.10. An activated carbon product claim 8 , wherein said product has a mesoporosity characterized by mesopore volume of at least about 0.5 cubic centimeters per gram claim 8 , a Molasses Number of about 500 ...

Methods and apparatus for enhancing the energy content of carbonaceous materials from pyrolysis

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

CARBON MICRO-PLANT

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO, HO, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the COand HO may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream. 1. A method of retrofitting a biomass host plant , the method comprising:(i) installing a reactor system within or adjacent to the host plant;(ii) conveying, to the reactor system, a co-product, wherein the co-product comprises carbon;(iii) pyrolyzing, using the reactor system, the co-product, thereby generating a carbon-containing biogenic reagent and pyrolysis off-gas;{'sub': '2', '(iv) oxidizing the pyrolysis off-gas, thereby generating CO, CO, and energy; and'}(v) recycling and utilizing the energy in the host plant.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising recycling and utilizing the CO in the reactor system.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising selecting the host plant from the group consisting of a saw mill claim 1 , a pulp mill claim 1 , a pulp and paper plant claim 1 , a corn wet mill claim 1 , a corn dry mill claim 1 , a corn ethanol plant claim 1 , a cellulosic ethanol plant claim 1 , a sugarcane ethanol plant claim 1 , a grain processing plant claim 1 , a sugar production facility claim 1 , a food plant claim 1 , a nut processing facility claim 1 , a fruit ...

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 176-. (canceled)77. A high-carbon biogenic reagent production system , said system comprising:(a) a material feed system configured to introduce a carbon-containing feedstock, wherein said material feed system is optionally physically integrated with said multiple-zone reactor;(b) an optional dryer, disposed in operable communication with said material feed system, configured to remove moisture contained within a carbon-containing feedstock, and optionally configured as a drying zone within said multiple-zone reactor;(c) an optional preheating zone disposed in operable communication with said pyrolysis zone;(d) a multiple-zone reactor, disposed in operable communication with said material feed system or said dryer, if present, wherein said multiple-zone reactor contains at least one pyrolysis zone disposed in operable communication with a spatially separated cooling zone, and wherein said multiple-zone reactor is configured with an outlet to remove condensable vapors and non-condensable gases from solids;(e) a cooler, ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 171-. (canceled)72. A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent , said process comprising:(a) providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising biomass;(b) optionally drying said feedstock to remove at least a portion of moisture contained within said feedstock;(c) optionally deaerating said dried feedstock to remove at least a portion of interstitial oxygen, if any, contained with said feedstock;(d) in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing said feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas for at least 10 minutes at a pyrolysis temperature from about 250° C. to about 700° C., to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;(e) separating at least a portion of said condensable vapors and at least a portion of said non-condensable gases from said hot pyrolyzed solids;(f) in a cooling zone, cooling said hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of said substantially inert gas for at least 5 minutes at a cooling temperature less than said pyrolysis temperature, to generate warm ...

BIOGENIC ACTIVATED CARBON AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed. 110-. (canceled)11. A biogenic activated carbon composition comprising , on a dry basis , at least about 85 wt % total carbon , at most about 15 wt % hydrogen , and at most about 1 wt % nitrogen; andwherein the activated carbon composition is characterized by an Iodine Number of at least about 1500.121. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim , comprising , on a dry basis , at least about 95 wt % carbon.131. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim , comprising , on a dry basis , at most about 0.5 wt % nitrogen.141. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim , comprising , on a dry basis , at most about 5 wt % hydrogen.151. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim , comprising , on a dry basis , at least about 1 wt % and at most about 10 wt % oxygen.161. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim , comprising , on a dry basis , at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus.171. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim , comprising , on a dry basis , at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur.181. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim , comprising an additive selected from an acid , a ...

Methods and apparatus for producing activated carbon from biomass through carbonized ash intermediates

Biomass combustion processes may be controlled to intentionally generate a carbon-containing ash, from which activated carbon is produced according to the methods disclosed. Some variations provide an economically attractive process for producing an activated carbon product, the process comprising combusting a carbon-containing feedstock to generate energy, combustion products, and ash, wherein the ash contains at least 10 wt % carbon; separating and recovering carbon contained in said ash; and further activating or treating the separated carbon, to generate an activated carbon product. Many process variations are disclosed, and uses for the activated carbon product are disclosed.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BIOMASS THROUGH CARBONIZED ASH INTERMEDIATES

Biomass combustion processes may be controlled to intentionally generate a carbon-containing ash, from which activated carbon is produced according to the methods disclosed. Some variations provide an economically attractive process for producing an activated carbon product, the process comprising combusting a carbon-containing feedstock to generate energy, combustion products, and ash, wherein the ash contains at least 10 wt % carbon; separating and recovering carbon contained in said ash; and further activating or treating the separated carbon, to generate an activated carbon product. Many process variations are disclosed, and uses for the activated carbon product are disclosed. 178-. (canceled)79. A composition for adsorbing an acid gas , comprising a biogenic activated carbon , wherein the biogenic activated carbon is sized from about 4 mesh to about 10 mesh and comprises: at least about 50 wt % carbon on a dry basis and at least about 20% moisture.80. The composition of claim 79 , wherein the biogenic activated carbon has a pH value of at least about 8 claim 79 , at least about 9 claim 79 , at least about 10 claim 79 , at least about 11 claim 79 , at least about 12 claim 79 , at least about 13 claim 79 , or about 14.81. The composition of claim 79 , wherein the composition has adsorbed a non-condensable gas.82. The composition of claim 79 , wherein the composition has adsorbed hydrogen sulfide.83. The composition of claim 79 , further comprising silicon.84. The composition of claim 82 , further comprising at least about 70 claim 82 ,000 ppm of silicon.85. The composition of claim 79 , further comprising an additive.86. The composition of claim 84 , wherein the additive is a base.87. The composition of wherein the additive is a metal hydroxide.88. The composition of claim 84 , wherein the additive is sodium hydroxide.89. The composition of claim 84 , wherein the additive is potassium hydroxide.90. A method of using a biogenic activated carbon composition to ...

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A high-carbon biogenic reagent produced by a process comprising the steps of:(a) providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising biomass;(b) optionally drying said feedstock to remove at least a portion of moisture contained within said feedstock, to generated dried feedstock;(c) optionally deaerating said feedstock or said dried feedstock to remove at least a portion of interstitial oxygen, if any, contained with said feedstock or said dried feedstock;(d) in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing said dried feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas for at least 10 minutes and with a pyrolysis temperature selected from about 250° C. to about 700° C., to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;(e) separating at least a portion of said condensable vapors and at least a portion of said non-condensable gases from said hot pyrolyzed solids;(f) in a cooling zone, cooling said hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of said substantially inert gas for at least 5 minutes and with a ...

Methods and apparatus for enhancing the energy content of carbonaceous materials from pyrolysis

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

HALOGENATED ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

This disclosure provides a halogenated activated carbon composition comprising carbon, a halogenated compound and a salt. In some embodiments, the halogenated compound and the salt comprise a naturally occurring salt mixture, as may be obtained from ocean water, salt lake water, rock salt, salt brine wells, for example. In some embodiments, the naturally occurring salt mixture comprises Dead Sea salt. 1. A halogenated activated carbon composition , said composition comprising , on a dry basis , at least 85 wt % carbon; a halogenated compound; and a salt , wherein the halogenated compound and the salt are present in a total amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 15 wt %.2. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises at least 90 wt % carbon.3. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 2 , wherein said composition comprises at least 95 wt % carbon.4. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said carbon is biogenic carbon derived from biomass.5. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said halogenated compound and said salt are present in a total amount of about 1 wt % to about 10 wt %.6. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said halogenated compound comprises at least one of magnesium chloride claim 1 , potassium chloride claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , and calcium chloride; and wherein said salt comprises at least one of magnesium chloride claim 1 , potassium chloride claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , and calcium chloride that is different than said halogenated compound.7. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said halogenated compound and/or said salt comprise at least one anion selected from the group consisting of chloride claim 1 , bromide claim 1 , iodide claim 1 , fluoride claim 1 , sulfate claim 1 , nitrate claim 1 , and phosphate.8. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 7 , ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BIOMASS THROUGH CARBONIZED ASH INTERMEDIATES

Biomass combustion processes may be controlled to intentionally generate a carbon-containing ash, from which activated carbon is produced according to the methods disclosed. Some variations provide an economically attractive process for producing an activated carbon product, the process comprising combusting a carbon-containing feedstock to generate energy, combustion products, and ash, wherein the ash contains at least 10 wt % carbon; separating and recovering carbon contained in said ash; and further activating or treating the separated carbon, to generate an activated carbon product. Many process variations are disclosed, and uses for the activated carbon product are disclosed. 1. A process for producing an activated carbon product , said process comprising:(a) providing a carbon-containing feedstock;(b) combusting, in a combustion unit, said feedstock with an oxidant comprising oxygen, to generate energy, combustion products, and ash, wherein said ash contains at least about 10 wt % carbon and is associated with a carbon activation value; and(c) further processing said ash to increase the carbon content and/or the carbon activation value, thereby generating an activated carbon product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock comprises biomass.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said feedstock comprises biomass and coal.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock is a wet feedstock.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ash contains at least about 20 wt % carbon.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein said ash contains at least about 30 wt % carbon.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein said ash contains at least about 40 wt % carbon.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein said ash contains at least about 50 wt % carbon.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ash contains at least about 2 wt % oxygen.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein said ash contains at least about 4 wt % oxygen.11. The process of claim 10 , wherein said ash contains at least about 6 ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 BtU/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 171-. (canceled)72. A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent , the process comprising:(a) providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising biomass;(b) in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas for at least 10 minutes at a pyrolysis temperature from about 250° C. to about 700° C., thereby generating hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;(c) separating at least a portion of the condensable vapors and at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from the hot pyrolyzed solids;(d) in a cooling zone, cooling the hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of the substantially inert gas for at least 5 minutes at a cooling temperature less than the pyrolysis temperature, thereby generating warm pyrolyzed solids;(e) subsequently passing at least a portion of the condensable vapors and/or at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from step (c) across the warm pyrolyzed solids, thereby forming enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon content; and(f) recovering a ...

HALOGENATED ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

This disclosure provides a halogenated activated carbon composition comprising carbon, a halogenated compound and a salt. In some embodiments, the halogenated compound and the salt comprise a naturally occurring salt mixture, as may be obtained from ocean water, salt lake water, rock salt, salt brine wells, for example. In some embodiments, the naturally occurring salt mixture comprises Dead Sea salt. 1. A halogenated activated carbon composition , the composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 85 wt % carbon;a halogenated compound; anda salt;wherein the halogenated compound and the salt are present in a total amount of at least about 0.1 wt % to at most about 15 wt %.2. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least about 90 wt % carbon.3. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises at least about 95 wt % carbon.4. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon is biogenic carbon.5. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the halogenated compound and the salt are present in a total amount of at least about 1 wt % to at most about 10 wt %.6. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the halogenated compound comprises at least one of magnesium chloride claim 1 , potassium chloride claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , and calcium chloride; and wherein the salt comprises at least one of magnesium chloride claim 1 , potassium chloride claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , and calcium chloride that is different than the halogenated compound.7. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the halogenated compound or the salt comprises at least one anion selected from the group consisting of chloride claim 1 , bromide claim 1 , iodide claim 1 , fluoride claim 1 , sulfate claim 1 , nitrate claim 1 , and phosphate.8. The halogenated activated carbon composition of ...

BIOGENIC ACTIVATED CARBON AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed. 1. A biogenic activated carbon composition comprising , on a dry basis , about 55 wt % or more total carbon , about 15 wt % or less hydrogen , and less than or equal to about 1 wt % nitrogen;wherein said activated carbon composition is characterized by an Iodine Number higher than about 500, andoptionally wherein said composition is responsive to an externally applied magnetic field.2. (canceled)3. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises at least about 75 wt % claim 1 , at least about 85 wt % claim 1 , or at least about 95 wt % carbon on a dry basis.4. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises less than or equal to about 0.5 wt % nitrogen on a dry basis.5. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises less than or equal to about 5 wt % hydrogen on a dry basis.6. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises oxygen.7. The biogenic activated carbon composition of claim 6 , wherein said composition comprises between about 1 wt % and about 10 ...

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. 160-. (canceled)60. A biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor comprising a material feed system , a plurality of spatially separated reaction zones configured for separately controlling temperature and mixing within each of said reaction zones , and a carbonaceous-solids outlet , wherein one of said reaction zones is configured with a first gas inlet for introducing a substantially inert gas into said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor , and wherein one of said reaction zones is configured with a first gas outlet.61. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 60 , wherein said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor includes at least two reaction zones.6257. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim claim 60 , wherein said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor includes at least three reaction zones.63. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 62 , wherein said reactor includes at least four reaction zones.64. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 60 , wherein each of said reaction zones is disposed in communication with separately adjustable indirect heating means claim 60 , each independently selected from ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent , the process comprising:providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising dry biomass;in a preheating zone, preheating the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas;in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas to thereby generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;separating at least a portion of the condensable vapors and at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from the hot pyrolyzed solids;in a cooling zone, cooling the hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of the substantially inert gas and with a cooling temperature less than the pyrolysis temperature, to generate warm pyrolyzed solids;in a cooler that is separate from the cooling zone, cooling the warm pyrolyzed solids to generate cool pyrolyzed solids; andrecovering a high-carbon biogenic reagent comprising at least a portion of the cool pyrolyzed solids;wherein the process further comprises introducing at ...

Carbon micro-plant

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO 2 , H 2 O, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the CO 2 and H 2 O may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream.

CARBON MICRO-PLANT

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO, HO, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the COand HO may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream. 1. A biorefining process to co-produce activated carbon along with primary products , said process comprising:(a) converting a feedstock comprising biomass into one or more primary products and one or more co-products containing carbon;(b) pyrolyzing and activating said one or more co-products, thereby generating activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas;{'sub': 2', '2, '(c) oxidizing said pyrolysis off-gas, to generate CO, HO, and energy,'}wherein at least some of said energy is recycled and utilized in said host plant; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein at least some of said COand/or HO is recycled and utilized in said reactor system as an activation agent.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is associated with a site selected from the group consisting of a saw mill claim 1 , a pulp mill claim 1 , a pulp and paper plant claim 1 , a corn wet mill claim 1 , a corn dry mill claim 1 , a corn ethanol plant claim 1 , a cellulosic ethanol plant claim 1 , a sugarcane ethanol plant claim 1 , a grain processing plant claim 1 , and a food plant.3. The process of claim 1 , ...

CARBON MICRO-PLANT

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO, HO, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the COand HO may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream. 1. A method of retrofitting an existing biomass host plant , said method comprising:(i) installing a modular reactor system within or adjacent to an existing host plant that processes biomass, wherein said reactor system is capable of producing activated carbon;(ii) conveying, to said reactor system, one or more carbon-containing co-products arising from operation of said host plant;(iii) controlling said reactor system to pyrolyze and activate said one or more carbon-containing co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(iv) oxidizing said pyrolysis off-gas, to generate CO, HO, and energy,'}wherein at least some of said energy is recycled and utilized in said host plant; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein at least some of said COand/or HO is recycled and utilized in said reactor system as an activation agent.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said host plant is selected from the group consisting of a saw mill claim 1 , a pulp mill claim 1 , a pulp and paper plant claim 1 , a corn wet mill claim 1 , a corn dry mill claim 1 , a corn ...

BIOGENIC POROUS CARBON SILICON DIOXIDE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides biogenic porous carbon silicon dioxide compositions and methods of production and uses thereof. 1. A high-carbon biogenic reagent composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 50 wt % total carbon,at most about 5 wt % hydrogen,at most about 1 wt % nitrogen,at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus,at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur,at most about 0.02 wt % titanium,at most about 0.5% calcium,at most about 0.1% aluminum, andsilicon dioxide;wherein the total carbon comprises biogenic carbon.23-. (canceled)4. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide is comprised within river rock.5. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide is comprised within silica fume.6. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 65 wt % total carbon.7. (canceled)8. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 95 wt % total carbon.9. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 15 wt % silicon dioxide.10. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 25 wt % silicon dioxide.11. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 1 wt % silicon dioxide.12. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , wherein the high-carbon biogenic reagent composition has been extruded.13. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , wherein the high-carbon biogenic reagent composition has been densified.14. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , wherein the high-carbon biogenic reagent composition is pellet shaped.15. The high-carbon biogenic reagent composition of claim 1 , wherein the high-carbon biogenic reagent composition has dimensions of at least about 0.64 cm (0.25 in) by about 2.5 cm (1.0 in) to at most about 5.1 cm (2.0 in) by about 15 ...

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

HIGHLY MESOPOROUS ACTIVATED CARBON

Highly mesoporous activated carbon products are disclosed with mesoporosities characterized by mesopore volumes of 0.7 to 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 to 1000 or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 to 35 or less. The activated carbon products may be further characterized by total pore volumes of at least 0.85 cubic centimeters per gram and BET surface areas of at least about 800 square meters per gram. The activated carbon product may be derived from a renewable feedstock. 1. An activated carbon product , wherein said product has a mesoporosity characterized by mesopore volume of about 0.5 cubic centimeters per gram or greater.2. The activated carbon product of claim 1 , wherein said mesopore volume is about 0.7 cubic centimeters per gram or greater.3. The activated carbon product of claim 2 , wherein said mesopore volume is about 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater.4. An activated carbon product claim 2 , wherein said product is characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 or greater.5. The activated carbon product of claim 4 , wherein said product is characterized by a Molasses Number of about 750 or greater.6. The activated carbon product of claim 5 , wherein said product is characterized by a Molasses Number of about 1000 or greater.7. An activated carbon product claim 5 , wherein said product is characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 or less.8. The activated carbon product of claim 7 , wherein said product is characterized by a Tannin Value of about 50 or less.9. The activated carbon product of claim 8 , wherein said product is characterized by a Tannin Value of about 35 or less.10. An activated carbon product claim 8 , wherein said product has a mesoporosity characterized by mesopore volume of at least about 0.5 cubic centimeters per gram claim 8 , a Molasses Number of about 500 ...

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic blast furnace addition composition comprising:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most 5 wt % hydrogen;at most 1 wt % nitrogen;at most 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, an acid or a salt thereof, a base or a salt thereof, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic blast furnace addition composition of further comprising at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % dolomite claim 1 , at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % dolomitic lime claim 1 , at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % bentonite claim 1 , or at least about 2 wt % to at most about 15 wt % calcium oxide.3. The biogenic blast furnace addition composition of further comprising at least about 85 wt % total carbon claim 1 , about 0.6 wt % sulfur claim 1 , at most about 1.5 wt % volatile matter claim 1 , at most about 13 wt % ash claim 1 , at most about 8 wt % moisture claim 1 , about 0.035 wt % phosphorus claim 1 , a CRI value of ...

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic syngas-generating feedstock comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic syngas-generating feedstock of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The biogenic syngas-generating feedstock of claim 1 , wherein the biogenic syngas-generating feedstock ...

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic fluidized-bed composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic fluidized-bed composition of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The biogenic fluidized-bed composition of claim 1 , wherein the biogenic fluidized-bed composition comprises at ...

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic metal-ladle addition composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic metal-ladle addition composition of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The biogenic metal-ladle addition composition of claim 1 , wherein the ...

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic metallurgical coke composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic metallurgical coke composition of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The biogenic metallurgical coke composition of claim 1 , wherein the biogenic metallurgical coke ...

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A biogenic pulverized-carbon composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 55 wt % total carbon;at most about 5 wt % hydrogen;at most about 1 wt % nitrogen;at most about 0.5 wt % phosphorus;at most about 0.2 wt % sulfur; andan additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination thereof.2. The biogenic pulverized-carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , iron halide claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , iron bromide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , fluorite claim 1 , fluorospar claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , lime claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The biogenic pulverized-carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the biogenic pulverized-carbon ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 1. A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent , the process comprising:(a) providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising biomass;(b) optionally drying the feedstock to remove at least a portion of moisture contained within the feedstock;(c) optionally deaerating the dried feedstock to remove at least a portion of interstitial oxygen, if any, contained with the feedstock;(d) in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas, thereby generating hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;(e) separating at least a portion of the condensable vapors and at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from the hot pyrolyzed solids;(f) in a cooling zone, cooling the hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of the substantially inert gas with a cooling temperature less than the pyrolysis temperature, to generate warm pyrolyzed solids;(g) optionally cooling the warm pyrolyzed solids in a cooler to generate cool pyrolyzed solids;(h) subsequently passing at least a portion of the condensable ...

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Carbon micro-plant

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO 2 , H 2 O, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the CO 2 and H 2 O may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream.

Systems and apparatus for production of high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

Biogenic porous carbon silicon dioxide compositions and methods of making and using same

OF THE DISCLOSURE In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides biogenic porous carbon silicon dioxide compositions and methods of production and uses thereof.

Highly mesoporous activated carbon

Highly mesoporous activated carbon products are disclosed with mesoporosities characterized by mesopore volumes of 0.7 to 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 to 1000 or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 to 35 or less. The activated carbon products may be further characterized by total pore volumes of at least 0.85 cubic centimeters per gram and BET surface areas of at least about 800 square meters per gram. The activated carbon product may be derived from a renewable feedstock.

Carbon micro-plant

The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO 2 , H 2 O, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the CO 2 and H 2 O may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream.

Methods and apparatus for producing activated carbon from biomass through carbonized ash intermediates

Biomass combustion processes may be controlled to intentionally generate a carbon-containing ash, from which activated carbon is produced according to the methods disclosed. Some variations provide an economically attractive process for producing an activated carbon product, the process comprising combusting a carbon-containing feedstock to generate energy, combustion products, and ash, wherein the ash contains at least 10 wt % carbon; separating and recovering carbon contained in said ash; and further activating or treating the separated carbon, to generate an activated carbon product. Many process variations are disclosed, and uses for the activated carbon product are disclosed.

Processes for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Systems and apparatus for production of high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt% carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon

Systems and apparatus for production of high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Methods for preparing high carbon biogenic reagents

Biogenic porous carbon silicon dioxide compositions and methods of making and using same

In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides biogenic porous carbon silicon dioxide compositions and methods of production and uses thereof.

Carbon micro-plant

Highly mesoporous activated carbon

Highly mesoporous activated carbon products are disclosed with mesoporosities characterized by mesopore volumes of 0.7 to 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 to 1000 or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 to 35 or less. The activated carbon products may be further characterized by total pore volumes of at least 0.85 cubic centimeters per gram and BET surface areas of at least about 800 square meters per gram. The activated carbon product may be derived from a renewable feedstock.

Methods and apparatus for enhancing the energy content of carbonaceous materials from pyrolysis

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Carbon micro-plant

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Carbon micro-plant

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Systems and apparatus for production of high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法

【課題】生物起源の活性炭の生成のための連続方法を提供する。【解決手段】生物起源の活性炭を生成するための連続方法は、機械的手段により、供給原料を、水および／または二酸化炭素を含む活性化剤を含む蒸気流と向流的に接触させることと、反応帯域から蒸気を除去することと、分離された蒸気流またはその熱的に処理された形態の少なくとも一部を、反応帯域（複数可）の入口および／または供給原料に再循環させることと、生物起源の活性炭として反応帯域（複数可）から固体を回収することとを含む。【選択図】図２１

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt% carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt% carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

高炭素生体試薬の生成のためのシステムおよび装置

【課題】バイオマスを様々な商業的応用に適した高炭素生体試薬に変換するためのプロセス及びシステムの提供。【解決手段】いくつかの実施形態は、不活性ガスの存在下での熱分解を採用して、熱い熱分解固形物、凝縮性蒸気及び不凝縮ガスを生成し、その後に、蒸気とガスの分離、及び不活性ガスの存在下での熱い熱分解固形物の冷却が続く。添加剤が処理中に導入され得るかもしくは試薬と結合され得るか、又はその両方である。生体試薬は、無水ベースで、少なくとも７０ｗｔ％、８０ｗｔ％、９０ｗｔ％、９５ｗｔ％又はそれ以上の全炭素を含み得る。生体試薬は、無水ベースで、少なくとも１２，０００Ｂｔｕ／ｌｂ、１３，０００Ｂｔｕ／ｌｂ、１４，０００Ｂｔｕ／ｌｂ、又は１４，５００Ｂｔｕ／ｌｂのエネルギー含有量を有し得る。生体試薬は、微粉又は構造物に形成され得る。【選択図】なし

Processes for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt% carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Processes for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

Biogenic activated carbon and methods of making and using same

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法

【課題】生物起源の活性炭の生成のためのプロセス、システム、および装置、並びに当該活性炭による排出制御について提供する。【解決手段】生物起源の活性炭組成物は、少なくとも５５重量％の炭素を含み、その一部はグラフェンとして存在し得、高い表面積、例えば、２０００を超えるヨウ素価を有する。いくつかの実施形態は、磁場に応答する生物起源の活性炭を提供する。生物起源の活性炭を生成するための連続方法は、機械的手段により、供給原料を、水および／または二酸化炭素を含む活性化剤を含む蒸気流と向流的に接触させることと、反応帯域から蒸気を除去することと、分離された蒸気流またはその熱的に処理された形態の少なくとも一部を、反応帯域（複数可）の入口および／または供給原料に再循環させることと、生物起源の活性炭として反応帯域（複数可）から固体を回収することとを含む。この生物起源の活性炭を使用する方法が開示される。【選択図】図１６

Highly mesoporous activated carbon

Highly mesoporous activated carbon products are disclosed with mesoporosities characterized by mesopore volumes of 0.7 to 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 to 1000 or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 to 35 or less. The activated carbon products may be further characterized by total pore volumes of at least 0.85 cubic centimeters per gram and BET surface areas of at least about 800 square meters per gram. The activated carbon product may be derived from a renewable feedstock.

Microplanta de carbono.

La presente descripción proporciona sistemas de biorrefinería para la co-producción del carbono activado junto con los productos primarios. Una planta hospedera convierte una materia prima que comprende la biomasa en productos primarios y ca-productos que contienen carbono; un sistema reactor modular piroliza y activa los co-productos para generar carbono activado y pirólisis de gases de escape; y una unidad de oxidación oxida el gas de escape de pirólisis, generando CO2, H2O y energía. La energía se recicla y se utiliza en la planta hospedera y el CO2 y H2O se pueden reciclar al sistema reactor corno un agente de activación. Por ejemplo, la planta hospedera puede ser un aserradero, una p1anta de pulpa y papel, un molino húmedo o seco de maíz, una planta de producción de azúcar, o una planta de alimentos o bebidas. En algunas modalidades, el carbono activado se utiliza en la planta hospedera para purificar uno o más productos primarios, para purificar agua, para el tratamiento de una corriente de residuos líquidos y/o para el tratamiento de un flujo de residuos de vapor.

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Composições de reagente biogênico com alto teor de carbono e processo para a produção do dito reagente biogênico com alto teor de carbono

Em várias modalidades, a presente divulgação fornece composições de dióxido de silício de carbono poroso biogênico e métodos de produção e usos das mesmas.

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.