УСТРОЙСТВО КАРБОНИЗАЦИИ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА АКТИВИРОВАННОГО УГЛЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к устройству карбонизации для производства активированного угля. Устройство 10 карбонизации для производства активированного угля содержит печь 40 для карбонизации, сушильную печь 30, генератор высокотемпературного пара 60, печь для дезодорирования 70 и бойлер на избыточном тепле 80. Печь 40 для карбонизации снабжена цилиндрической оболочкой, имеющей цилиндрическую часть с вращающимися лопастями и снабженной множеством входных каналов для пара. Устройство 10 карбонизации также содержит средства для регулирования давления или средства ограничения для регулирования перегретого или отработанного пара. Изобретение позволяет производить активированный уголь высокого качества при низких затратах. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ МАТЕРИАЛА ПРИПИРОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ И ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ

Настоящее изобретение относится к устройству для переработки материала при пиролитических условиях. Материал подается из накопительного бункера 10 в корпус 2 через вход 6 и транспортируется через корпус 2 с помощью экструзионных шнеков 3. Сдвоенный экструзионный шнек включает два шнека, имеющих противоположные направления вращения и приблизительно параллельно расположенных относительно друг друга с поочередно расположенными лопастями. Толщина лопастей составляет, по меньшей мере, половину расстояния между двумя соседними лопастями. Изобретение позволяет обеспечить эффективное и быстрое производство обработанного продукта, а также хороший нагрев материала на стадии взаимодействия. 5 н. и 21 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

МНОГОПОДОВАЯ ПЕЧЬ, СОДЕРЖАЩАЯ РЫЧАГИ, НЕСУЩИЕ ПЕРЕМЕШИВАЮЩИЕ ЗУБЦЫ ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННОГО ПРОФИЛЯ, ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ОБЖИГА БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение, в первую очередь, относится к многоподовой печи (1), предназначенной для термической обработки шихты материала M, содержащей по меньшей мере один перемешивающий рычаг (5), прикрепленный к поворотному валу над каждым подом (3) печи и содержащий перемешивающие зубцы (7), закрепленные перпендикулярно рычагу, причем каждый перемешивающий зубец (7) имеет передний край, наклоненный снизу вверх, причем наклонный передний край образует ведущий край (70) для материала М, подлежащего перемешиванию, при этом ведущий край (70) каждого перемешивающего зубца наклонен таким образом, что ширина в нижней части зубца больше, чем ширина на вершине. Изобретение также касается применения многоподовой печи. Технический результат - улучшение перемешивания шихты материала, подлежащей термической обработке в печи. 2 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 10 ил.

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЯ

Полезная модель относится к области к термической переработке углеродных материалов, преимущественно углей, и может быть использована при получении полукокса, углеродных адсорбентов, газификации угля. Установка для непрерывного пиролиза угля с получением твердого продукта и газообразных продуктов, включающая вертикальный цилиндрический корпус, системы подачи исходного сырья, подвода воздушного дутья, отвода газообразных и твердых продуктов пиролиза, зажигательного устройства, система подачи исходного сырья представлена бункером с подающим шнеком и винтовым шнеком, расположенным в нижней части корпуса, с регулируемым приводом, длина которого не меньше двух внутренних диаметров корпуса, при этом система отвода газообразных продуктов пиролиза оборудована холодильником с водяным затвором. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 206 450 U1 (51) МПК C10B 3/00 (2006.01) C10B 7/10 (2006.01) C10B 49/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10B 3/00 (2021.02); C10B 7/10 (2021.02); C10B 49/02 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020140424, 08.12.2020 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 13.09.2021 (45) Опубликовано: 13.09.2021 Бюл. № 26 (54) УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЯ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к области к отвода газообразных и твердых продуктов термической переработке углеродных пиролиза, зажигательного устройства, система материалов, преимущественно углей, и может подачи исходного сырья представлена бункером быть использована при получении полукокса, с подающим шнеком и винтовым шнеком, углеродных адсорбентов, газификации угля. расположенным в нижней части корпуса, с Установка для непрерывного пиролиза угля регулируемым приводом, длина которого не с получением твердого продукта и газообразных меньше двух внутренних диаметров корпуса, при продуктов, включающая вертикальный этом система отвода газообразных продуктов цилиндрический корпус, системы подачи ...

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТВЕРДОГО ТОПЛИВА ИЗ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОТХОДОВ, СРЕДСТВО ДЛЯ УСКОРЕНИЯ ГОРЕНИЯ, ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ УСКОРЕНИЯ ГОРЕНИЯ, ТВЕРДОЕ ТОПЛИВО ИЗ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОТХОДОВ

В установке для газификации реактор (1) для сжигания или газификации выполнен с двойным куполом. Камера сжигания или газификации реактора образована наружным куполом (1B) и концентричным ему внутренним куполом (1A). Внутренний купол (1A) установлен с возможностью поворота. По меньшей мере один из указанных куполов имеет возможность перемещения в вертикальном направлении. Реактор снабжен по меньшей мере одним подводом для прямого и/или косвенного подвода газовой смеси, содержащей водород и кислород. Реактор непосредственно соединен с позицией (2) катализации и генератором (3) энергии. Генератор 3 имеет отвод для возврата отходящего из генератора газа в реактор. Купола (1A, 1B) выполнены из жаропрочной керамики и/или сплава. Установка обеспечивает более полное сжигание твердых горячих веществ при высоких температурах с получением энергии и с небольшим выходом вредных веществ. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА НЕФТЕПРОДУКТОВ

Изобретение относится к способу и аппарату для получения нефтепродуктов из сырья, содержащего полимеры. Способ включает загрузку сырья, содержащего полимерное сырье, в бак пиролитического реактора, имеющий исходный свободный объем, составляющий при определении исходя из количества загруженного в реактор полимерного сырья приблизительно 30%, применение наружного кожуха, по существу окружающего бак реактора, подвод тепловой энергии к баку реактора, превращение сырья в расплавленный материал с пиролизом расплавленного полимерного материала в анаэробных условиях в свободном объеме бака реактора во время перемещения расплавленного материала через бак реактора, крекинг и риформинг расплавленного материала и получение нефтепродуктов в реакторе. Изобретение обеспечивает повышение выхода продукта и качества производимой продукции, а также снижение энергопотребления. 2 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 11 ил., 6 табл., 7 пр.

СПОСОБ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ КАРБРНОВЫХ ЦЕПЕЙ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ МОЛЕКУЛ ТВЕРДЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Способ разрушения цепочек органических молекул, в котором содержащий органические молекулы твердый материал в раздробленной или пастообразной форме подвергают механическому растягиванию, размягчению и проталкиванию, при этом материал за счет внутреннего и внешнего трения претерпевает увеличение температуры в отсутствие воздуха, в результате чего разрушаются молекулярные связи в длинных цепочках и происходит отделение газообразной фракции, жидкой фракции и небольшого количества твердой фракции, при этом механическое воздействие осуществляют посредством червячного винта (13), причем механическое воздействие включает в себя фазу, на которой материал подвергают воздействию, по крайней мере, двух расположенных последовательно частей (15c, 15d, 15e, 15f) червячного винта (13), спирали которых закручены в противоположных направлениях. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что материал достигает температуры, по крайней мере, 250°С. ! 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что механическое воздействие ...

СПОСОБ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ ОБОЖЖЕННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ торрефикации, содержащий этапы, на которых:а) подвергают факультативно предварительно обработанную биомассу торрефикации для получения обожженного материала и газов торрефикации;b) охлаждают и факультативно уплотняют материал, обожженный в результате этапа а);с) перемешивают по меньшей мере часть материала с этапа b) с по меньшей мере частью газов торрефикации и/или обожженного материала с этапа а) так, чтобы компоненты газа торрефикации конденсировались на материале со стадии b).2. Способ по п. 1, в котором стадия b) включает в себя транспортировку обожженного материала через охлажденный барабан посредством шнека.3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, в котором температура материала со стадии b) меньше, чем 100°C.4. Способ по п. 1 или 2, в котором обожженный материал уплотняют на стадии b) и перемешивают с обожженным материалом со стадии а) на стадии с), а затем отделяют от обожженного материала.5. Способ по п. 4, в котором уплотненный материал отделяют посредством сита.6. Способ по п. 1 или ...

СПОСОБ ТОРРЕФИКАЦИИ БИОМАССЫ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ В СЕБЯ СТАДИЮ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ РЕАКЦИИ ТОРРЕФИКАЦИИ

... 1. Способ торрефикации высушенной и нагретой биомассы, включающий в себя этап охлаждения реакции торрефикации так, чтобы по меньшей мере частично нейтрализовать повышение температуры, возникающее от экзотермических реакций торрефикации, где упомянутая биомасса является древесной биомассой из ели или эвкалипта.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором температура реакции торрефикации контролируется с использованием средств для охлаждения, а также факультативно средств для нагревания.3. Способ по п. 2, в котором средства для охлаждения и нагревания являются взаимозаменяемыми.4. Способ по п. 2, в котором средства для нагревания и/или охлаждения представлены теплообменниками.5. Способ по п. 1, 2 или 3, в котором температура биомассы в течение реакции торрефикации поддерживается в пределах температурного диапазона 50°С, или менее, например 40°С, или менее, например 30°С, или менее, предпочтительно, 20°С, или менее, предпочтительно, 10°С, или менее и, более предпочтительно, 5°С, или менее.6. Способ по п.

Устройство для тепловой обработки под давлением влажных органических углеродсодержащих материалов

Изобретение относится к устройству для тепловой обработки под давлением различных влажных органических углеродсодержащих материалов без доступа воздуха с получением твердого топлива и позволяет повысить эффективность. Устройство включает сосуд (С) высокого давления, расположенные в его верхней части впускное средство - вход 8 для ввода исходного углеродсодержащего материала под давлением и выпускное средство - выход 10 для отвода реакционных газов, установленные внутри С нагревательные элементы. На вращающемся валу 13 укреплены перемешивающие средства. В нижней части С расположено выпускное средство - выход для отвода продуктов реакции. Уст дополнительно содержит расположенные один над другим ряд кольцеобразных верхних подовых элементов - подов 28, имеющих наклон вниз в направлении от центра к периферии сосуда, ряд нижних подовых элементов, расположенных под верхними подовыми элементами, кольцевые перегородки 34, расположенные над верхними подовыми элементами, и дренажные средства - сливные ...

Low temp. carbonisation of waste materials - in series of 3 chambers for filling, carbonisation and cooling, with afterburner, has low energy requirement and high throughput

Plant is for the low-temp. carbonisation of waste materials has a treatment chamber (1) and an arrangement for the afterburning of the pyrolysis gases. The treatment chamber consists of a series of three chambers for, respectively, filling, carbonisation, and cooling. The carbonisation and cooling chambers each have a double-wall housing with the inner walls fitted with heat-exchanger ribs, and the inner space of each (14) has a deflector plate (15) with nozzles on one side. The carbonisation and the cooling chambers each have a circulator arrangement (8) that draws in the gases on one side of the chamber and blows them through the nozzles on the other side. USE/ADVANTAGE - Difficulties with known pyrolysis plants include leakages at drum seams, and, in another type, long cycle times and hence low throughput. The proposed plant avoids these drawbacks, operates with min. heating energy, and has a very high throughput of the material being handled.

PYROLITISCHES ABFALLBEHANDLUNGSSYSTEM

Trocken- oder Destillationsvorrichtung

Grossleistungsofen zum Schwelen von Kohle o. dgl.

Anlage zum Umwandeln von Abfällen in Rohstoffe

Pyrolysesystem für kohlenstoffhaltige Einsatzstoffe

Pyrolysesystem für kohlenstoffhaltige Einsatzstoffe, umfassend a) einen Pyrolysereaktor (1), b) eine Aufheizstrecke (3) für Wärmeübertragungspartikel (10) sowie c) einem geschlossenen Kreislauf der Wärmeübertragungspartikel (10) durch den Pyrolysereaktor und die Aufheizstrecke, wobei, d) die Aufheizstrecke Brenner (11, 20) aufweist, wobei die Brenner mit Pyrolysegas beheizbar sind sowie e) sauerstoffarme Abgase aus der Verbrennung in den Pyrolysereaktor (3) einleitbar sind und in diesem eine sauerstoffarme Pyrolyseatmosphäre bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass f) die Aufheizstrecke Zwangsfördermittel für die Wärmeübertragungspartikel (10) aufweist.

Ofen zur Verarbeitung bitumenhaltiger Stoffe

Schwelofen nach Art der Etagenroestoefen zur Erzeugung von Urgas, Urteer, OElen und Halbkoks

Schwelanlage fuer feinkoernige Gueter

Ringfoermiger Tellerofen fuer stetigen Betrieb

Anlage und Verfahren zur thermokatalytischen Behandlung von Material und damit hergestelltes Pyrolyseöl

Es wird eine Anlage und ein Verfahren zur thermokatalytischen Behandlung von Material offenbart. Die Anlage weist einen Beschickungsbereich für die Zuführung zu behandelndem Ausgangsmaterial, eine Vorkonditionierungszone in der aus dem Ausgangsmaterial vorkonditioniertes Material gebildet wird, eine Pyrolysezone, in der aus dem vorkonditionierten Material pyrolysiertes Material gebildet wird sowie eine Separationseinheit zur Auftrennung erhaltenen pyrolysierten Materials auf. In der Vorkonditionierungszone und der Pyrolysezone sind jeweils Heizmittel zur Erwärmung des Materials vorgesehen. In der Pyrolysezone sind ferner Rückführungsmittel vorgesehen sind, mit denen der Feststoffanteil des pyrolysierten Materials direkt in den der Vorkonditionierungszone zugewandten Bereich der Pyrolysezone rückführbar ist.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturverkokung von backenden oder blaehenden Brennstoffen

Schwelofen mit aneinandergereihten Kammern

Ofen zum Schwelen oder Verkoken von Brennstoffen

Centrifuge for processing waste

An apparatus 100 for processing waste material comprising: a heat proof chamber 102, a means 106, 112 of heating the interior of the heat proof chamber 102 and a rotatable drum 118 for containing waste to be processed, said drum 118 having gaps or holes 120 therein and being located within the heat proof chamber 102 and separated therefrom around its edge by a gap. The apparatus 100 is also provided with a means 126, 128 for rotating the drum 118 at a speed such that, in use, waste material that is heat softened is centrifugally separated from the remainder of the waste and passes through the gaps 120 in the drum 118. A removable collection pan 116 and a waste retaining means 130 may be present while the means for heating is preferably hot gas introduced into the chamber 102 via inlet conduit 108. The apparatus is particularly useful for removing polymer insulation from cables.

Method and apparatus for producing low temperature coke

... 323,829. Watson, C. B., and Carr, R. H. Oct. 20, 1928. Retorts and methods of working.- Apparatus for producing low temperature coke by subjecting an upwardly moving body of coal to temperatures of 650-1000‹ F. by means of a countercurrent of gaseous heating medium such as steam or oil vapour, comprises a closed chamber 2, a fuel feed device, which may include a hopper 13, a ram 15 and a nozzle 14, and a vertical rotating shaft 7 carrying midway of its length a conveyer blade 16 and near the top a number of radiating arms 23 supporting a ring 24 having depending lines 25. An outlet 27 is tangentially disposed near the top of the chamber and has a spiral blade conveyer for extruding the coke in compact form. A heating jacket 30 preferably surrounds the outlet and heating fluid at 850‹ F. or over is introduced into the chamber through a pipe 17. Vapours are withdrawn through a circular perforated manifold. 18 and a discharge pipe 19 leading to a condenser 20.

Improvements in or relating to the distillation of coal

... 348,361. Carbonizing apparatus; charging and discharging retorts. PUENING, F., Koppers Building, Pittsburg, U.S.A. April 30, 1930, No. 13278. Convention date, April 30, 1929. Addition to 312,238, [Class 55 (i), Coking &c.]. [Classes 51 (ii) and 55 (i).] In a coking apparatus comprising annular concentric chambers formed by walls suspended from head plates, as described in the parent Specification, a gastight separating wall or head plate is provided between the coking chamber and the heating gas conduits, the plate having folds to permit of expansion. The fuel chambers are charged from above, and the charge is levelled by a displacing bar, and may be compacted by a stamping device. The head plate 1 is in sections 1<1> having flanges 3, which may be bolted together, and has folds 4, 5, to give resilience, a layer 6 of firebrick resting on the plate 1. The heating gas flows from a duct 8, Fig. 4, down into the heating chambers 9 in which it is spread by guide-plates 10, and then through tubes ...

Improved retort and dryer for use in low temperature carbonising

... 333,020. Collis, W. A. July 4, 1929. Retorts.-A retort for use in low temperature carbonizing has a vertical and tapering lower part and an upper inclined part constructed in step or terrace formation. The terraces F have increasing capacities from top to bottom and are subdivided laterally intoi a series of compartments by plates D which are constructed to be progressively narrower towards the bottom of the retort. Each compartment is provided with a rotary scraper or agitator E. Heating-flues G surround the lower chamber, and the lower part and sides of the inclined chamber. The inclined roof K has one or more gas-outlet openings B.

Method and apparatus for microwave reduction of organic compounds

The invention relates to the utilization of high power density microwave energy to reduce organic material to carbon and their constituents, preferably primarily in a gaseous state. The organic material includes, but is not limited to, scrap tyres, plastics, asphalt roofing shingles, computer waste, medical waste, municipal solid waste, construction waste, shale oil, and PCB/PAH/HCB-laden materials. The process comprises the steps of feeding the organic material into a microwave applicator 12 and exposing the material to microwave energy fed from at least two linear polarized sources 18 in non-parallel alignment to each other (figure 4), and collecting the material. The at least two sources of microwave energy are preferably from a bifurcated waveguide assembly 30, whose outputs are perpendicular to each other and fed through a waveguide 32, 34 of proper impedance, such that the microwave sources are physically and electrically 90{ out of phase to each other. The microwave frequency is ...

Thermal treatment of biomass

A biomass pyrolysis process is provided in which biomass feedstock is mixed with a heat carrier. The heat carrier at least partly comprises char. The ratio by weight of biomass to char is in the range 1:1 to 1:20. The process may be carried out by in a screw/auger pyrolysis reactor 50 in which the solid feedstock components are conveyed along the reactor by a first screw 70. A second screw 80 conveys at least a portion of the solid products of the biomass pyrolysis back to a heat transfer medium input port 64. Thus, the heat transfer medium includes char from the biomass pyrolysis.

Thermal processing system

Carbonizing processes

... Oil, or mixtures of coal and oil, are cracked or carbonized in receptacles 4 carried by an endless conveyer 3 through a chamber 1, the material being heated by cast-iron heat storage elements 8 which are placed while hot in the bottom of each receptacle when it is charged. The carbonized residue is discharged into a trough 10, and outlet conduit 11, and the vapours are withdrawn through outlets 13, 14. Specification 261,954, [Class 55 (i), Coking &c.], is referred to.

Improvements in and apparatus for drying and low temperature carbonisation

... 341,606. Drying coal &c. JOHNSON, J. Y., 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London.- (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.; Frankforton-Main, Germany.) Nov. 8, 1929, No. 34147. [Class 34 (ii).] Materials such as coal are dried by being passed in thin layers of between 5 and 20 mm. thickness over superposed hot surfaces, and in contact with heating gases, so that heat is given up to the materials directly from the heating gases and indirectly through the hot surfaces. These inclined surfaces may be given a reciprocatory movement to assist the motion of the materials. The apparatus comprises heating surfaces b, mounted on rollers c, and shaken by a cam shaft d. The hot combustion products, or producer gas enters at g and passes in counter-current to the material, leaving together with the distillates through an outlet h. Adjustable plates f vary the thickness of the layers.

MULTIPLE HEARTH REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

Process and apparatus for carbonising bituminous substances, such as coal or shale at low temperature

... 168,859. Meguin Akt.-Ges. Butzbach, and M³ller, W. Sept. 4, 1920, [Convention date]. Retorts.-Coal and the like in small pieces or in a ground condition is carbonized at low temperature with production of a semi-coke in a rotary apparatus in which the coal is charged from a hopper d and distributed by a feed-screw c rotating inside a perforated fixed casing, over the whole length of a rotating drum a externally heated by burners l. A discharge casing e is provided with a pipe g for the distillation gases and with an outlet f for the coke. During the carbonizing period, the drum is rotated at such a speed that centrifugal force tends to hold the material against the entire periphery of the drum and by exerting pressure to cause the semi-coke to acquire solidity. The speed of rotation is reduced when the drum is emptied, and continuous working may be attained by inclining the drum or making it of conical shape as shown by the dotted lines. The shaft of the conveyer c may be employed for the ...

Method and apparatus for producing charcoal

A method of and apparatus for producing charcoal comprises feeding plant fibre 41 into a primary feed mechanism 40 which passes the fibre through a conduit 43 within which the fibre is heated and converted to charcoal to emerge at an outlet 48. The outlet 48 is adjustable in size to determine the rate of flow of plant fibre/charcoal through the conduit 43. The conduit 43 is shown as being heated by hot gases within a jacket 44 but may also be heated electrically. The hot gases maybe derived by combustion of plant fibre. Volatile by-products resulting from the conversion of the fibre to charcoal are vented through outlets 50, 51 to be condensed. In a modification charcoal emerging from the outlet of the conduit 43 passes into a mixing chamber where it is quenched with water and a binding agent to be subsequently compressed into cohesive form. ...

Apparatus and method for thermally removing coatings and/or impurities

Method and apparatus for treating carbonaceous material

Carbonaceous material is continuously coked or devolatilized or calcined on a hearth 11 in a heated oven, the material being continuously delivered at 30 to the periphery of the hearth and moved continuously to an outlet 12 at the centre of the hearth, the material being turned over during its passage across the hearth. The hearth is circular and is rotated on rollers 13, by means not shown, sintable sand seals being provided at 17, 53. The fixed cover 21 has a flue outlet 22, air inlets 25, 27, fuel burner 29, and a pit 32, see also Fig. 3 (not shown), in its upper surface. The floor of the pit has slots 33 (Fig. 3) accommodating refractory seals 38 bearing coolant conduits 36, 37 which act as supports for vertically adjustable, hollow rabbles 34, see also Fig. 5 (not shown). The rabbles are set, see Fig. 4 (not shown), to guide the material inwardly at each revolution of the hearth, the height of the rabbles above the hearth determining the proportion of material retained at each revolution ...

Improvements in and relating to vertical, or inclined, gasmaking retorts

... 243,169. Wollaston, T. R. Dec. 1, 1924- Retorts. - In a vertical or inclined gas retort comprising upper and lower portions the fuel is stirred and precoked in the upper portion to which heat is supplied by the hot gases from the lower portion and, if desired, by external flues or a chamber by which the retort is enclosed. The pre-coking portion a has arms b attached to a rotary shaft c and fixed stages d with apertures e through which the fuel passes from stage to stage. The portion a is superposed on one or more retorts m and is provided with a gas outlet k. The two portions may be mounted in a setting v having flues w but the upper portion a may be wholly or in part situated above the setting v. Both portions or the lower portion only may be inclined. Specifications 113,856, 207,700, and 209,352 are referred to.

Improvements in or relating to the distillation or treatment of carbonaceous and other materials and to the recovery and treatment of the hydrocarbon oils contained therein

... 224,568. Salerni, P. M., and Salerni, E. M. May 15, 1923. Endless band conveyers coacting with fixed surfaces.- Carbonaceous and other material is dried in apparatus B, Fig. 5, comprising superimposed plates b<1> having chain conveyers b<3> to feed the material along the plates and from one plate to the next below. Heating gas enters through an opening b<11> and passes in a divided stream through the drier in contact with the material which is finally discharged through an opening b<10> into the first retort of the series.

Improvements relating to processes and apparatus for carbonizing fuel

... 368,485. Moulding briquettes. DOHERTY, H. L., 60, Wall Street, New York, U.S.A.-(Assignee of Loebell, H. O. ; 5, Boulevard Malba, Long Island, and Klees, A. L. ; 71, Indiana Avenue, Long Beach, both in New York, U.S.A.) Feb. 6, 1931, No. 3831. Convention date, Feb. 14, 1930. Addition to 349,937. [Class 87 (ii).] Fuel is delivered from a hopper 100 by the lower run of a scraper conveyer 90 to a series of compartmented links forming an endless belt 60 when it is compressed into separate briquettes by passing under a compression roller 116 and above an adjustable supporting member 130. The belt then carries the compressed briquettes round the periphery of an internally heated carbonizing drum 14, the coked residue being broken away from the belt by distorting rollers 76, and falling on to the upper reach of the conveyer 90, to be discharged through a hopper 106. In an example, a layer of fuel 1“ inch thick is compacted to 1 inch and heated for ten minutes at a temperature of 1385‹ F.

Improvements in or relating to the carbonisation of fuel by vertical retorts and thelike

... 248,967. Rude, J. May 21, 1925. Retort furnaces; rotary furnaces.-Apparatus for coking solid fuel comprises groups of retorts arranged in an annular flue between two cylindrical walls, the retorts rotating about the centre of the structure, the inner wall taking part in the movement while the other wall is stationary. The fuel from a preheater a is supplied by a distributing hopper c to retorts d enclosed by cylindrical walls f, g, the former being stationary and the latter to which the retorts are attached rotating about a hollow axis i. The axis pipe is mounted in bearings n, o and is rotated by gearing q. If combustible gas is used to preheat the fuel, air is supplied by the combustion chamber through branch pipes b<1>, but the air and combustible gas may be interchanged. The hot gases pass through the annular space containing the retorts to the collecting chamber s and when carbonization is completed in one group of retorts these are discharged and refilled. Specification 244,337 is ...

Improvements in apparatus for the low temperature distillation or coking of fuels

... 287,313. Plassmann, J. March 9, 1927. Retort furnaces; charging and discharging. - In an apparatus for the low temperature distilla.- tion of fuels of the kind comprising superposed annular carbonizing-chambers 1 alternating with annular heating-chambers, and a relatively rotatble enclosing jacket carrying charging and discharging devices, as described in Specification 240,800, the arrangement is such that the charging and discharging are effected from the central space, while the heating-gases are supplied from the outer periphery. As shown, the jacket 2, which is mounted on a central footstep bearing 4, and is guided at its upper end by rollers 5, carries the ring closures 3 for the carbonizing chambers, the charging-shoot 7, the feed screws 9, the discharging scraper 10, and a shoot 11 for guiding the discharged coke into a hopper 12. The heating-gases are circulated by a fan 24 through an inner casing 21, tortuous passages in the heating- spaces between the chambers 1 and an outer casing ...

Improvements in ovens for treating fuels or fuel-containing materials by heat

... 290,838. Hellmann, O. June 2, 1927. Addition to 272,493. Coke ovens; charging and discharging.-In the oven described in the parent Specification the heating-flue arrangements and the charging and discharging apparatus are modified. Heating gases are supplied to the walls 16 from a flue below the platform, and the outer part of each of the horizontal heating-flues h<1> is divided by two vertical partitions h, into three sections h<4> - - h<6>, the inner h<5> of which supplies uncooled gases at a point about midway along the length of the flue. In a modification, Fig. 5, the walls of the containing structure are vertical, and each coking- space is divided by horizontal partitions into a number of superposed compartments, the partitions being formed with gas offtake passages t'. At the charging-point is a vertical fuel container s in which a number of filling-boxes v with rams ware arranged to slide. At the opposite side is a compartmented coke receiver x with further rams w<1>. To discharge ...

Improvements in or connected with Retorts for Distilling, Carbonizing, Roasting and the like, of Coal, Carbonaceous and other Materials.

... 119,911. Bradley, A. Oct. 18, 1917. Retort furnaces.-Plant for low-temperature carbonization, or roasting ores has an endless chain or band conveyer passing through two adjacent separately heated retorts, each provided with a charging device. In the construction shown, retorts a are arranged in pairs one above the other and are surrounded by flues c supplied from the burners d. The retorts are supplied from the hoppers m, m<1>, and the volatile products are drawn off through pipe h, i to the main k. The conveyer n with the scrapers o passes over chain wheels p, q driven by gearing as shown, and the retorts are separately discharged through drums t, t'. In a modified construction the conveyer is a flat band carrying the material, which is discharged by a plough at the end of the retort through lateral shoots. In a further modification, the endless chain carries box-like scrapers to break up caking material.

Continuous production closed retort charcoal reactor

Means for the destructive distillation or partial carbonisation of materials carbonisable at low temperatures

... 508,782. Endless-chain conveyers. KAINSCOP, D. Dec. 1, 1937, No. 33199. [Class 78 (i)] [Also in Group XII] The charge, such as coal, to be carbonized, is fed to the upper a of two hearths along which it is moved by shovels d attached by shafts d<1> to endless chains l, the shovels being at an angle to the surface of the hearths and being submerged in the charge. Specification 130,175, [Class 51 (ii)], is referred to.

Furnace

Improvements in or relating to solid fuel

... 832,631. Fuel. CELLAN-JONES, I. May 14, 1957 [May 18, 1956; Oct. 25, 1956; Dec. 24, 1956; Feb. 21, 1957], Nos. 15618/56, 32591/56, 39201/56 and 5930/57. Drawings to Specification. Class 50. A solid fuel is produced by heating a lump of combustible material, such as coke, peat, lignite or wood, and applying pulverized coal on to the heated lump so as to fuse the coal thereon and provide a coating. A lump is defined as a piece of material having a size not less than half inch grading. The pulverized coal may be applied to the heated lumps as they pass from a rotary retort, or the coal may be applied whilst the lumps are in the retort. In a modification, a horizontal cylindrical retort is employed which is externally heated to 700‹ C. and coke is moved through the retort by paddles on a rotary shaft. The pulverized coal, which may be of low grade, is fed in, between the ends of the retort, and any which does not adhere to the coke is discharged and extruded or compressed to provide a saleable ...

Pyrolysis system and method

Multi-level furnace and method for thermal treatment of a material flow

ROTARY FRICTION DRYER AND METHOD OF USE

Multi-level furnace and method for thermal treatment of a material flow

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter in order to produce charcoal or char.

Method for coke oven chamber suitable compacting of coal.

Processing biomass.

Method and apparatus for production of a gas from a comminuted biological waste material.

Process of installation of treatment of a reduced solid matter of pieces.

ROTARY FRICTION DRYER AND METHOD OF USE

ROTARY FRICTION DRYER AND METHOD OF USE

Processing biomass.

Method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter in order to produce charcoal or char.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Multi-level furnace and method for thermal treatment of a material flow

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF ORGANIC KOHLENSTOFFHAELTIGEN MATERIALS UNDER PRESSURE

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR THERMISCHEN BEHANDLUNG VON ORGANISCHEN KOHLENSTOFFHAELTIGEN MATERIALIEN UNTER DRUCK

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR VERARBEITUNG ORGANISCHEN MATERIALS

ETAGENHERDVORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUR WAERMEBEHANDLUNG VON MINDERWERTIGEN BRENNSTOFFEN

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GAS FROM GEMAHLENEM BIOLOGICAL WASTE.

SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF CELEBRATIONS PRODUCTS BY THERMOLYSE THEIR REMOVAL IS ENVIRONMENTALHARMFUL.

PROCEDURE FOR THE THERMAL POWER PRODUCTION FROM WASTE MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR GARBAGE

AN APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

Mobile system for drying and pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials by interrupted combustion

APPARATUS FOR THE PYROLYSIS OF MATERIAL

Method and apparatus for refining oil from tire

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for refining oil from a tire. The apparatus comprises a box body (1), an upper transmission channel (11), an upper transmission apparatus (114), a lower transmission channel (12), a lower transmission apparatus, a molten salt storage container (3) and a heat conduction oil storage container (2), wherein the upper transmission channel (11) is arranged above the lower transmission channel (12), outer walls of the upper transmission channel (11) and the lower transmission channel (12) are orderly provided with a molten salt liquid channel (112) and a heat conduction oil channel (111), the upper transmission channel (11) comprises an upper transmission channel inlet (115) and an upper transmission channel outlet (116), the upper transmission apparatus (114)is used for transporting an object from the upper transmission channel inlet (115) to the upper transmission channel outlet (116), the lower transmission apparatus is used for transporting an object from ...

Process for the thermal degradation of rubber containing waste

A process for the non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste including: transporting the rubber containing waste along a horizontal axis of a hermetically sealed cylindrical reactor including: an inlet and an outlet, one or more thermal reaction zones arranged between the inlet and the outlet, wherein each zone is provided with: one or more heating elements controllable to heat the zone to an operating temperature, and one or more gas outlets for withdrawing volatile gas or gases evolved during the thermal degradation; and a screw auger located within the reactor, the screw augur configured to rotate in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate and transport the rubber containing waste through the reaction zones and to the outlet; heating the said waste, in the one or more thermal zones, to a temperature above the degradation temperature of rubber for a time sufficient to produce the volatile gas or gases and the char product.

CARBONIZATION OF COAL

MULTIPLE HEARTH REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF A GAS FROM A COMMINUTED BIOLOGICAL WASTE MATERIAL

Pyrolytic waste treatment system

A LATERAL TRANSFER SYSTEM

A modular lateral transfer system for use in a horizontally oriented processing chamber is provided. Each module has the ability to deliver process gas in addition to moving the reactant material through the horizontally oriented processing chamber. The modular design enables the operator to remove and replace a module of the system, thereby substantially minimiz-ing the downtime of the chamber required during servicing.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE CONTROLLED REDUCTION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL VIA MICROWAVE RADIATION

A controllable, continuous-feed system and process for the reduction or depolymerization of organic materials using microwave energy in a reducing, substantially oxygen-reduced atmosphere. The microwave energy is generated by a plurality of magnetrons in a microwave tunnel. Gaseous products may be extracted from the microwave tunnel for recycling and/or analysis. A collector such as a liquid trap may be used to separately collect floating and sinking constituents of the solid products while preventing the escape of the reducing atmosphere from the system.

METHOD FOR CONVERTING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS INTO USEFUL CHEMICALS

A method of converting particulate lignocellulosic material to produce volatile organic compounds and char, comprising, forming a mixture of the particulate lignocellulosic material with a catalyst composition containing polar organic liquid and an acid in the presence or absence of added water, heating the mixture to a temperature sufficiently high and for a period sufficiently long as to convert a major portion of any remaining solid phase of the mixture to char whilst agitating the mixture, and separating volatile organic compounds and the catalyst composition as a gaseous phase from the solid phase.

COAL DECOMPOSITION EQUIPMENT

The invention discloses a coal decomposition equipment including an airtight kiln body with an inlet and an outlet, wherein a flame gas pipeline heating facility is set in the kiln body and a channel for impelling and decomposing coal is formed between the flame gas pipeline heating facility and an inner wall of the kiln body; and a coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is provided on the kiln body to communicate with the channel. Since the present invention makes the vast thermal conduction produced by the flame gas pipeline heating facility and radiate to the coal power in the coal substance impel decomposition channel. The pulverized coal fully absorbs the heat so as to be heated and decomposed to the gas, coal tar gas and coal with a higher heat-value in the channel.

COAL DECOMPOSITION EQUIPMENT

An apparatus for pyrolysis of a coal substance includes a sealed stove(1) with a charging port(2) and a discharging port(3). A flaming gas pipe heating mechanism is arranged inside the stove(1), a coal substance advancing pyrolysis channel(4) is formed between the flaming gas pipe heating mechanism and the inner wall of the stove(1), and a coal pyrolysis gas collecting pipe(5) communicating with the coal substance advancing pyrolysis channel(4) is arranged on the stove(1). A great deal of heat produced by the flaming gas pipe heating mechanism conducts to and radiates on the coal powder inside the coal substance advancing pyrolysis channel(4), the coal powder is pyrolyzed at an elevated temperature, and produces a flammable gas, a tar gas and a high-calorie coal inside the coal substance advancing pyrolysis channel(4). The flammable gas and tar gas are connected to a gas dedusting and liquefying mechanism by the coal pyrolysis gas collecting pipe(5) to be collected, dedusted, separated ...

RABBLES AND MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS UTILIZING SAME

A PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR THE PYROLYSIS OF CARBON-CONTAINING WASTE MATERIAL

A reactor (9) for the pyrolysis of carbon-containing waste material such as rubber chips includes a cylindrical air-tight reactor vessel (10) which has an inlet through which rubber chips (4) are introduced into the reactor vessel and an outlet (60) through which oil distillate can be discharged therefrom. The reactor vessel has a cooling jacket through which cooling water flows for cooling an inner shell (40) of the vessel. The chips (4) are deposited onto a support tray (70) and displaced towards a rear end of the reactor vessel by a chain conveyer (89). The chips (4) are heated on the tray (40) causing decomposition of the chips into a vapour and amorphous carbon. The vapour condenses when it contacts the inner shell (40) and runs down the sides of the vessel (10) towards a lower side thereof before being discharged through the outlet (60).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CALCINING MATERIAL CONTAINING VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS

ELECTRIC-POWERED, CLOSED-LOOP, CONTINUOUS-FEED, ENDOTHERMIC ENERGY-CONVERSION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Electric-powered, closed-loop, continuous-feed, endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a shaftless auger. In another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a drag conveyor. In yet another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a distillation and/or fractionating stage. The endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods feature mechanisms for natural resource recovery, refining, and recycling, such as secondary recovery of metals, minerals, nutrients, and/or carbon char.

PYROLYSIS DEVICE

A pyrolysis device (1; 200) comprising an elongated tubular structure (2; 201 ) which extends along a longitudinal axis (X) and includes a first tubular body (3; 202) which defines an initial washing or drainage chamber, in which a shaped carriage (5; 204) containing a polymeric material to be subjected to pyrolysis thermal treatment is received, and provided with a movable front shutter (8; 207), arranged at an axial inlet mouth (9) through which the shaped carriage (5; 204) is introduced into the initial chamber (4; 203), and cooperating with first actuating means (1 0; 209) which alternately move them at least between a first position, in which the front shutter (8; 207) closes the initial chamber (4; 203) from the outer side (4a), and a second position, in which the front shutter (8; 207) opens the initial chamber (4; 203) from such an outer side (4a) putting it into communication with the external environment. The pyrolysis device (1; 200) further comprises a second tubular body (11 ...

PYROLYSIS METHODS AND OVENS THEREFOR

PYROLYSIS METHODS FOR DISSOCIATING AN ORGANIC MASS

Pyrolysis methods for disassociating an organic mass, or coating from an article, by placing the article in an air tight processing chamber, circulating a gaseous mixture of ambient air and at least 40% water vapor by volume from an opening, through the processing chamber and out of an exhaust port, and maintaining the processing chamber at a temperature above 650 degrees Fahrenheit for a sufficient time to disassociate the organic material. A batch oven and a continuous processing oven including entrance and exit air closures that utilize the pyroiysis methods are described.

ROTARY FRICTION DRYER AND METHOD OF USE

A rotary friction dryer or gasifier (1) and a method of using the same is provided. The rotary friction dryer (l)generally comprises an entrance stage (10), an exit stage (30), a decompression zone (20) located such that it separates the entrance and exit stages, a multistage compression screw (7), a mixing means (40) coupled to the screw, at least one exhaust vent (25) located in the decompression zone (20), and at least one discharge outlet (35) located in the exit stage (30). The entrance stage (10) includes an intake throat (15) and the temperature of each stage (entrance and exit) is controllable.

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING METHANE GAS AND USE OF SUCH A DEVICE

L' invention concerne un dispositif de production d'un gaz méthane (G) comportant une enceinte (1), des moyens de convoyage du produit dans l'enceinte qui comprennent une vis (10) montée pour tourner dans l'enceinte selon un axe géométrique de rotation, des moyens de chauffage par effet Joule de la vis, une unité d'élimination (12) d'impuretés présentes dans le gaz issu du traitement thermique du produit, ladite unité étant raccordée à une sortie haute de l'enceinte, et un système de purification (21) du gaz en sortie de l'unité d' élimination.

PYROLYSIS APPARATUS

Pyrolysis apparatus (10) for processing shredded waste material, such as plastic and/or rubber waste, in which apparatus the material is processed continuously in a pyrolysis apparatus (10) that includes a feed device (30), a reactor (30) and an outlet portion (40) that have been equipped with conveyors, such as screw conveyors, and that can be used continuously. The screw (23) of the feed device (20) is at least partially placed in a liquid (22), which forms an air trap to prevent air from entering into the reactor. The outlet portion has a condensing collecting canopy (45) which is used to condense into liquid and recover the vapour formed in the reactor.

BIOMASS CONVERTER AND METHODS

A tubular reactor useful for converting biomass to char has walls projecting into its interior. The walls are hollow. Cavities in the walls are in fluid connection with the outside of the reactor by way of openings. The reactor may be deployed in a furnace chamber. Hot gases from the furnace chamber may enter the cavities through the openings to heat the walls from within. Biomass may be pyrolized as it passes along the reactor.

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur ununterbrochenen Gewinnung von Gas aus organischen Stoffen.

Verfahren und Ofen zur trockenen Destillation von Kohle und anderem Material.

ЛАБОРАТОРНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО БЫСТРОГО ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ОТХОДОВ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

Лабораторное устройство быстрого пиролиза углеродсодержащих отходов растительного происхождения предназначено для переработки отходов растительного происхождения (костры льна, соломы и ботвы сельскохозяйственных культур, лузги риса, овса, проса, гречки, пшена, злаковых культур, скорлупы орехов, фрезерного торфа, древесных опилок различных сортов древесины) быстрым пиролизом с получением жидких и газообразных топлив и углеродных сорбентов. Лабораторное устройство быстрого пиролиза углеродсодержащих отходов растительного происхождения состоит из механически соединенных между собой и закрепленных на металлическом каркасе блока загрузки сырья и реактора пиролиза с выгрузным бункером для твердого остатка, расположенным под реактором симметрично его вертикальной оси. Блок загрузки сырья выполнен в виде загрузочного бункера с шнековым питателем, расположенным под углом 132÷137° к вертикальной оси реактора пиролиза и жестко соединенным с ним. В нижней части загрузочного бункера устроен кран загрузки сырья. Реактор пиролиза выполнен в виде шнекового вертикального реактора, помещенного в контактную трубчатую электропечь. Использование лабораторного устройства быстрого пиролиза углеродсодержащих отходов растительного происхождения обеспечивает многофункциональность, возможность точного регулирования параметров работы устройства, а также наиболее полное использование исходного сырья. И 1 169695 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ВУ” 169 695” 44 ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ИЗВЕЩЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ НА ПОЛЕЗНУЮ МОДЕЛЬ ММ9К Досрочное прекращение действия патента из-за неуплаты в установленный срок пошлины за поддержание патента в силе Дата прекращения действия патента: 28.07.2019 Дата внесения записи в Государственный реестр: 20.04.2020 Дата публикации и номер бюллетеня: 20.04.2020 Бюл. №11 Стр.: 1 па <69691 ЕП

АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЕРОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Полезная модель относится к области термической переработки углеродных материалов, преимущественно углей, и может быть использована при получении полукокса, углеродных адсорбентов, газификации угля. Аппарат для пиролиза углеродного материала, содержащий вертикальный цилиндрический корпус с системами дозированной загрузки исходного материала и подачи воздуха (газообразного окислителя), разгрузки твердого продукта пиролиза, расположенными соответственно, в верхней и нижней частях корпуса, устройство отвода газообразного агента в средней части корпуса, запальное устройство, отличающийся тем, что система разгрузки выполнена в виде шнека с герметичным затвором, а нижняя часть корпуса снабжена паровым коллектором, гидравлически связанным с внутренней полостью корпуса, при этом диаметр внутренней полости корпуса в зоне ввода водяного пара ступенчато больше диаметра верхней и средней частей корпуса. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 205 264 U1 (51) МПК C10B 49/02 (2006.01) C10G 1/00 (2006.01) C10B 7/10 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10B 49/02 (2021.02); C10G 1/00 (2021.02); C10B 7/10 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2021103754, 15.02.2021 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 06.07.2021 (45) Опубликовано: 06.07.2021 Бюл. № 19 (54) АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЕРОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к области соответственно, в верхней и нижней частях термической переработки углеродных корпуса, устройство отвода газообразного агента материалов, преимущественно углей, и может в средней части корпуса, запальное устройство, быть использована при получении полукокса, отличающийся тем, что система разгрузки углеродных адсорбентов, газификации угля. выполнена в виде шнека с герметичным затвором, Аппарат для пиролиза углеродного материала, а нижняя часть корпуса снабжена паровым содержащий вертикальный цилиндрический коллектором, гидравлически связанным с ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Полезная модель относится к устройству для термической переработки углеродсодержащего материала, такого как уголь различной фракционности и влажности, измельченные утильные шины, измельченные бытовые отходы, опилки и древесная стружка и т.п., для преобразования его в ценные продукты, включая горючие газы и/или твердый углеродистый остаток, например кокс, полукокс или сорбент. Техническим результатом заявленной полезной модели является обеспечение длительной работы устройства для термической переработки углеродсодержащего материала посредством воздушной газификации углеродсодержащего материала. Устройство для термической переработки углеродсодержащего материала содержит наклонную реакционную камеру 1, соединенную с наклонным шнековым питателем 2 и вертикальным накопителем твердого остатка 3. На крышке 4 вертикального накопителя твердого остатка 3 установлен люк 5 для розжига углеродсодержащего материала в наклонной реакционной камере 1. Под крышкой 4 в верхней части корпуса вертикального накопителя твердого остатка 3 выполнено выпускное отверстие, соединенное с патрубком выхода полученного газа 7. Нижний торец вертикального накопителя твердого остатка 3 соединен с механизмом выгрузки твердого остатка 9. Наклонный шнековый питатель 2 содержит цилиндрический корпус 10, внутри которого с возможностью вращения установлен шнек 11 с полым валом 13 для подачи дутьевого воздуха в наклонную реакционную камеру, кинематически связанный с соответствующим приводным механизмом 12. Наклонная реакционная камера 1 оснащена рубашкой охлаждения 16, вертикальный накопитель твердого остатка 3 оснащен рубашкой охлаждения 17, а крышка 4 вертикального накопителя твердого остатка 3 оснащена рубашкой охлаждения 18. 1 ил.

Method and apparatus for the energy densification of a material in the form of divided solids, with a view to obtaining pyrolysis oils for energy purposes

A method and installation for energy densification of a material to obtain pyrolytic oils for energy. The method includes preconditioning the material by heating and drying to raise the material temperature close to 100° C. and a relative humidity not exceeding about 10%; pyrolyzing the material that is subsequently caused to flow through a substantially hermetic reactor containing at least one transfer screw or vibrating tube heated by the Joule effect, the material heated progressively in the range of 300° C. to 850° C., the electrical power passing through the transfer screw or the vibrating tube for providing heating regulated as a function of the material in order to obtain the desired temperature level during the transit time of the material through the reactor; extracting pyrolysis gas from a high portion of the reactor for rapid recondensation in a vertical condenser; and recovering pyrolytic oils from a low portion of the vertical condenser.

Method for converting lignocellulosic materials into useful chemicals

A method of converting particulate lignocellulosic material to produce volatile organic compounds and char, comprising, forming a mixture of the particulate lignocellulosic material with a catalyst composition containing polar organic liquid and an acid in the presence or absence of added water, heating the mixture to a temperature sufficiently high and for a period sufficiently long as to convert a major portion of any remaining solid phase of the mixture to char whilst agitating the mixture, and separating volatile organic compounds and the catalyst composition as a gaseous phase from the solid phase.

Method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter in order to produce charchoal or char

The organic matter carbonization process is based on thermal treatment at high temperatures, under a controlled atmosphere, if possible in the absence of oxygen. The organic matter carbonization theory was expounded in this text, with emphasis on the thermodynamic aspects. It is shown in this exposition the important misfit between the endothermic and the exothermic carbonization stages, which hinders the use of the energy emitted during the exothermic stage by the brick kilns. Following there is a summary of the carbonization technique actual stage. The present invention relates to a method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter comprising independent reactors for the drying and pyrolysis of organic matter, and an independent reactor for the charcoal cooling. In this method the volatile products—non condensable gases and condensable pyrolytic vapors—are burned in an independent combustion chamber in order to supply the energy demanded by the process. In this way wood is not burned, and polluting substances are not emitted to the atmosphere. The method proposed by the present invention allows a precise control of the process in order to obtain the specified charcoal fixed carbon content; and a higher gravimetric yield, which gives an increase of the forest wood, either native or cultivated. In the independent pyrolysis and drying reactors proposed by the present invention, exiting flue gases from an external combustion chamber are driven to the drying reactor where the wood onto roll on buckets are heated and dried. Fuel gases emitted by the carbonizing wood are burned in the combustion chamber as an energy source. Inside the combustion chamber is placed a heat exchanger with the aim to reheat the pyrolytic gases. After reheated, these gases return to the carbonizing reactor in order to supply energy for the endothermic carbonizing step. The aim of this technique is to avoid the mixing of the fuel gases with the flue gases generated inside the ...

COAL MATERIAL DECOMPOSITION APPARATUS WITH COMBINED SCREW-TYPE BINS

A coal material decomposition apparatus includes a sealed rotary kiln body provided with a coal inlet and a coal outlet. A coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is arranged in the kiln body and is provided with two parallel spirals for dividing space in the kiln body into a heating gas bin and a coal material decomposition bin. The coal decomposition gas collecting pipe communicates with the coal material decomposition bin through a gas guide hole arranged in the coal material decomposition bin. As the kiln body is internally divided into the a heating gas bin and a coal material decomposition bin isolated from each other, a large amount of hot gas in the heating gas conducts and radiates the heat to pulverized coal in the coal material decomposition bin, and the pulverized coal fully absorbs the heat to be decomposed into gas, coal tar gas and coal with high heat-value. 1. A coal material decomposition apparatus with combined screw-type bins , comprising a sealed rotary kiln body provided with a coal inlet and a coal outlet , wherein a coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is arranged in the kiln body , the coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is provided with two parallel spirals , the internal edge of the spirals is closely connected with the coal decomposition gas collecting pipe , and the external edge is closely connected with the inner wall of the kiln body; and wherein the two parallel spirals divide the space in the kiln body into a heating gas bin and a coal material decomposition bin , the heating gas bin is connected to a heating device and provided with a heating gas guide hole , the coal material decomposition bin is connected to the coal inlet and provided with a coal outlet on the other end , and the coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is communicated with the coal material decomposition bin through a gas guide hole arranged in the coal material decomposition bin.2. The coal material decomposition apparatus with combined screw-type bins ...

BIOMASS REACTOR

A biomass fractionator and method are described for inputting ground biomass and outputting several vapor streams of bio-intermediate compounds along with syngas and biochar. One such biomass fractionate comprises: means for receiving ground biomass into the system; and a plurality of biomass processing stations including means for heating the biomass and subjecting the biomass to biofractioning, and means for collecting residual carbon and biochar. 1. A system for biomass fractioning , comprising:means for receiving ground biomass into the system; and means for heating the biomass and subjecting the biomass to biofractioning; and', 'means for collecting residual carbon and biochar., 'a plurality of biomass processing stations comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for heating the biomass and subjecting the biomass to biofractioning comprises an auger reactor.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the auger reactor comprises means for extracting a process gas stream containing one or more volatile components.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for heating the biomass and subjecting the biomass to biofractioning comprises:means for feeding the biomass into a feeder of an auger reactor;means for conveying biomass through the auger reactor; andmeans for heating the biomass as it is conveyed through the auger reactor.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the means for conveying the biomass comprises a transfer screw powered by an external motor.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for receiving ground biomass comprises:means for storing and funneling ground biomass;means for dispensing ground biomass from the hopper;means for receiving ground biomass from the dispenser; andmeans for moving ground biomass within the biomass load dump station.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of biomass processing stations further comprise means for compressing ground biomass.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the means for compressing ground ...

Biofuel pyrolysis device and methods of use thereof

Described herein are biofuel pyrolysis devices and methods of use thereof. The devices described herein include a reactor having a plurality of chambers wherein the chambers of the reactor can be arranged to have at least one aerobic chamber and anaerobic chamber. In certain aspects, the devices described herein can be used for distilling biomass and for potentially generating torrefied products, which include, but are not limited to, torrefied biomass. In certain aspects, the method describe herein include, but are not limited to, introducing biomass onto at least one tray of a plurality of trays in a first chamber of the reactor, heating the biomass in the first chamber with heated vapor from at least one vapor inlet, and transferring the biomass from an upper tray to at least one of the following: a lower tray, a biomass outlet, another chamber (i.e., at least a second chamber), or any combination thereof.

Horizontally-Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer System

A method and apparatus is described for the efficient conversion of carbonaceous feedstock including municipal solid waste into a product gas through gasification. More specifically, a horizontally-oriented gasifier having one or more lateral transfer system for moving material through the gasifier is provided thereby allowing for the horizontal expansion of the gasification process such that there is sequential promotion of feedstock drying, volatization and char-to-ash conversions.

CHAIN DRAG CARBONIZER, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE USE THEREOF

A drag chain carbonizer is provided with a system and methods for anaerobic thermal transformation processing to convert waste into various solid carbonized products and varied further co-products. The drag-chain carbonizer includes an adjustable bed depth mechanism, a heating mechanism, a pressure management mechanism, and a chain tensioning mechanism containing at least one position sensor for communication of an actuator position to at least one programmable logic controller (PLC). Carbonaceous waste is transformed into useful co-products that can be re-introduced into the stream of commerce at various economically advantageous points. Depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters, the system adjusts co-products output to reflect changing market conditions. 1. A drag chain carbonizer for of an organic feedstock material comprising:at least one atmospherically sealed reactor tube being single or double decked and having an inlet end and an outlet end, said reactor tube having a feed tube inlet located proximal to the inlet end and a feed tube outlet located proximal to an outlet end;at least one drive chain sprocket mounted on a rotatable drive axle extended through said reactor tube;a drag-chain mechanically interconnected to said at least one drive chain sprockets;an adjustable bed depth mechanism for controlling a bed depth of the feedstock material in said reactor tube;a gearbox attached to said reactor tube and mechanically connected to said drive axle;a plurality of blades joined to said drag-chain for moving feedstock material in a circuit through said reactor tube;a heating mechanism for controllably heating said reactor tube; anda chain tensioning mechanism for said drag-chain, said tensioning mechanism is mechanically connected to said at least one chain drive sprocket, said tensioning mechanism containing at least one position sensor for communication of an ...

BIOMASS PROCESSING DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

Biomass processing devices, systems and methods used to convert biomass to, for example, liquid hydrocarbons, renewable chemicals, and/or composites are described. The biomass processing system can include a pyrolysis device, a hydroprocessor and a gasifier. Biomass, such as wood chips, is fed into the pyrolysis device to produce char and pyrolysis vapors. Pyrolysis vapors are processed in the hydroprocessor, such as a deoxygenation device, to produce hydrocarbons, light gas, and water. Water and char produced by the system can be used in the gasifier to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which may be recycled back to the pyrolysis device and/or hydroprocessor. 1. A pyrolysis device comprising:a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and an upstream end adjacent the inlet of the housing;', 'a downstream end adjacent the outlet of the housing;', 'a core extending between the upstream end and the downstream end; and', 'a helical blade wound around the core between the upstream end and the downstream end;, 'an auger positioned within the housing, the auger having the inlet of the housing is configured to receive biomass; and', 'the pyrolysis device is configured to convert the biomass to a pyrolysis vapor and to', 'produce a pressure seal formed by material in transition between biomass and pyrolysis vapor, the pressure being seal positioned between the inlet of the housing and the outlet of the housing., 'wherein2. The pyrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein the core of the auger is tapered from a first diameter at the upstream end to a second diameter at the downstream end claim 1 , the first diameter being smaller than the second diameter.3. The pyrolysis device of claim 2 , wherein:the helical blade has a blade height measured from an outer surface of the core in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the core to a terminal end of the helical blade; andthe height of the helical blade varies from the upstream end to the downstream end of the auger.4. The ...

PROCESS FOR THE THERMAL DEGRADATION OF RUBBER CONTAINING WASTE

A process for the non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste including: transporting the rubber containing waste along a horizontal axis of a hermetically sealed cylindrical reactor including: an inlet and an outlet, one or more thermal reaction zones arranged between the inlet and the outlet, wherein each thermal reaction zone is provided with: one or more heating elements controllable to heat the thermal reaction zone to an operating temperature for mediating the non-oxidative thermal degradation of rubber in the rubber containing waste, and one or more gas outlets for withdrawing volatile gas or gases evolved during the non-oxidative thermal degradation of the rubber; and a screw auger located within the reactor, the screw augur configured to rotate in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate and transport the rubber containing waste through the one or more thermal reaction zones in both the forward and reverse directions and to the outlet; heating the rubber containing waste, in the one or more thermal treatment zones, to a temperature above the degradation temperature of rubber for a time sufficient to produce the volatile gas or gases and the char product; operating the screw auger in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate the rubber containing waste within the reactor; and advancing the rubber containing waste along the horizontal axis to the outlet. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the volatile gas or gases include limonene.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor includes: the first thermal reaction zone including one or more first heating elements, the one or more first heating elements controllable to heat the first thermal reaction zone to a first operating temperature, and', 'a second thermal reaction zone including one or more second heating elements, the one or more second heating elements controllable to heat the second thermal reaction zone to a second operating temperature different to the first ...

RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WOOD WASTES

A method and an apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value is disclosed. The apparatus includes a continuous converter () for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants. The continuous converter includes a reaction chamber () for producing a solid carbon-containing product, a gas product, and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber, via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms. 1. An apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value , the apparatus including a continuous converter for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants , with the continuous converter including a reaction chamber for producing a solid carbon-containing product , a gas product , and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber , via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms , an inlet for supplying the feed material to the reaction chamber , an assembly for moving the feed material through the reaction chamber from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the chamber counter-current to the flow of gas generated in the chamber as a consequence of drying or other reactions in the chamber , and separate outlets for the solid carbon-containing product , the gas product , and optionally the liquid water product from the reaction chamber , with the apparatus being adapted to decompose organic material contaminants in the wood wastes and to incorporate the decomposed forms into useful products , and with the apparatus being adapted to deport heavy metal contaminants to the solid carbon-containing product.2. The apparatus defined in wherein the continuous converter includes an assembly for establishing a temperature profile in the reaction chamber that includes the following zones extending successively along the length of the reaction ...

ZONE-DELINEATED PYROLYSIS APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF POLYMER WASTE

Apparatus and method for pyrolyzing hydro carbonaceous materials to produce useful vapor and solid products comprising a generally cylindrical, linear reactor having a screw means for transporting hydro carbonaceous materials through said reactor, means for feeding and heating said hydro carbonaceous materials whereby they are processed and pyrolyzed to produce vapor and solid products; means for removing vapor products from said processed hydro carbonaceous materials, means for removing solid products, means whereby said hydrocarbonaceous material is maintained within a zone for a range of defined residence times, means for rotating said screw, which has a plurality of flight configurations for compressing, and for melting said hydro carbonaceous materials to convert them from a solid to a liquid, for mixing, destabilizing and dehalogenating said hydro carbonaceous materials, for pyrolyzing said hydro carbonaceous materials, for devolatilizing the pyrolyzed hydrocarbonaceous materials, and for discharging solid products.

Compact fast pyrolysis system for conversion of carbonaceous materials to liquid, solid and gas

An apparatus is provided for pyrolysis of organic material biomass, including: i) a first, horizontal auger tube having inlet for a heat carrier and a second inlet for biomass; and a first outlet for pyrolysis gas and a second outlet for the heat carrier and transformed biomass; ii) a second, inclined auger tube having an inlet at or below the second outlet of the first auger tube, for receiving the heat carrier and transformed biomass from the second outlet of the first auger tube and an outlet at a level above the inlet thereof, the outlet communicating with the first inlet of the first auger tube to deliver heat carrier thereto.

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF INCREASED VOLUMES OF PURE TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS FROM SCRAP POLYMERS AND ELASTOMERS

A device and process for the vacuum pyrolization of scrap tires to produce a pyrolytic oil from which valuable terpenes such as limonene and pulegone may be extracted and purified. 1. A device for the pyrolysis of tires to form pyrolytic oils containing limonene and pulegone comprising;a nitrogen blanket bin for accepting shredded, washed, and dried automobile tires;at least one vacuum-lock valve;a helical screw which slowly turns to generate a mixture of shredded automobile tires and an additive/catalyst that can flow from the nitrogen blanket bin;at least one heater for heating the mixture from ambient temperature to about 450 degrees Celsius;a release valve for controlling the release of at least one of either a material and a vapor from the nitrogen blanket vacuum sealed furnace through a thin film evaporator and into a contactor/separator for recovery of at least one of either a type of terpene or a type of terpenoid from a mixture that has at least one of either the material or the vapor, wherein the contactor/separator can generate a pyrolytic vapor from the at least one of either the material or the vapor after a set of solids is removed from the mixture, and wherein the contactor/separator includes a chiller assembly for reducing the temperature of the pyrolytic vapor, a first heatable distillation column for reheating and cooling the mixture, a second heatable distillation column containing internal components that are at least one of either sieve trays or structured packing, wherein the second distillation column separates types of terpenes and the types of terpenoids that have been extracted from the mixture, wherein the mixture is passed through a small orifice disposed between the first distillation column and the second distillation column to thereby reduce the temperature of the mixture as it enters the second distillation column, wherein the terpenes and terpenoids are removed from the second distillation column through at least one tap mounted on ...

Biomass converter and methods

A tubular reactor useful for converting biomass to char has walls projecting into its interior. The walls are hollow. Cavities in the walls are in fluid connection with the outside of the reactor by way of openings. The reactor may be deployed in a furnace chamber. Hot gases from the furnace chamber may enter the cavities through the openings to heat the walls from within. Biomass may be pyrolized as it passes along the reactor.

PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS WITH ENHANCED PRODUCT FORMATION

Systems and methods for processing pyrolyzable materials in order to recover one or more usable end products are provided. Pyrolysis methods and systems according to various aspects of the present invention are able to thermally decompose carbon-containing materials, including, for example, tires and other rubber-containing materials, in order recover hydrocarbon-containing products including synthesis gas, pyrolysis oil, and carbon black. Systems and methods according to aspects of the present invention may be successful on a commercial scale, and may be suitable for processing a variety of feedstocks, including, but not limited to, used tires and other types of industrial, agricultural, and consumer waste materials. 1. A method for pyrolizing a rubber-containing material , said method comprising:(a) selecting a target value for a property of a pyrolysis product;(b) based on said target value, obtaining a heating profile for the pyrolysis of said rubber-containing material, wherein said heating profile includes a range of prescribed pyrolysis temperatures as a function of time;(c) heating a crucible containing a first quantity of said rubber-containing material to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze at least a portion of said first quantity of said rubber-containing material to thereby provide pyrolysis vapor and pyrolysis solids; and(d) recovering at least a portion of said pyrolysis vapor or at least a portion of said pyrolysis solids in at least one downstream processing zone to thereby provide said pyrolysis product,wherein, during said heating, the actual value of the pyrolysis temperature varies by not more than 20° F. from the prescribed pyrolysis temperature provided by said heating profile.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pyrolysis product is pygas or pyrolysis oil recovered from said pyrolysis vapor and wherein said property of said pyrolysis product is selected from the group consisting of percent yield claim 1 , daily production rate claim 1 , ...

COMMERCIAL-SCALE PYROLYSIS SYSTEM

Systems and methods for processing pyrolyzable materials in order to recover one or more usable end products are provided. Pyrolysis methods and systems according to various aspects of the present invention are able to thermally decompose carbon-containing materials, including, for example, tires and other rubber-containing materials, in order recover hydrocarbon-containing products including synthesis gas, pyrolysis oil, and carbon black. Systems and methods according to aspects of the present invention may be successful on a commercial scale, and may be suitable for processing a variety of feedstocks, including, but not limited to, used tires and other types of industrial, agricultural, and consumer waste materials. 1. A method for pyrolizing a rubber-containing material in a commercial-scale pyrolysis facility , said method comprising:(a) at least partially filling at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth crucible with respective first, second, third, and fourth quantities of rubber-containing material;(b) loading each of said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles into a respective first, second, third, and fourth individual heating zone, wherein the individual heating zones are collectively defined within one or more pyrolysis furnaces;(c) heating each of said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles within said respective first, second, third, and fourth individual zones under conditions sufficient to pyrolyze at least a portion of said first, second, third, and fourth quantities of rubber-containing material to thereby form pyrolysis vapors and pyrolysis solids in each of said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles, wherein said pyrolysis solids include metallic elements;(d) recovering a pyrolysis gas and/or a pyrolysis liquid from at least a portion of said pyrolysis vapors withdrawn from said first, second, third, and fourth crucibles in at least one separation zone;(e) cooling at least a portion of said pyrolysis solids in said first, ...

PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS WITH ENHANCED SOLIDS HANDLING

Systems and methods for processing pyrolyzable materials in order to recover one or more usable end products are provided. Pyrolysis methods and systems according to various aspects of the present invention are able to thermally decompose carbon-containing materials, including, for example, tires and other rubber-containing materials, in order recover hydrocarbon-containing products including synthesis gas, pyrolysis oil, and carbon black. Systems and methods according to aspects of the present invention may be successful on a commercial scale, and may be suitable for processing a variety of feedstocks, including, but not limited to, used tires and other types of industrial, agricultural, and consumer waste materials. 1. A method of pyrolyzing a rubber-containing material , said method comprising:(a) heating at least one crucible at least partially filled with a first quantity of said rubber-containing material under conditions sufficient to pyrolyze at least a portion of said rubber-containing material to thereby form pyrolysis vapors and pyrolysis solids, wherein said pyrolysis solids comprise carbon black, carbon black fines, and metallic elements;(b) cooling said pyrolysis solids within said crucible to provide cooled pyrolysis solids;(c) emptying said cooled pyrolysis solids from said crucible into a solids transfer zone;(d) transferring at least a portion of said pyrolysis solids from said solids transfer zone to a solids cooling zone;(e) further cooling said pyrolysis solids in said solids cooling zone to provide further cooled pyrolysis solids;(f) separating said further cooled pyrolysis solids into carbon black and metallic elements in a solids separation zone;(g) loading at least a portion of said carbon black into one or more storage containers in a loading zone, wherein at least one of said emptying, said transferring, said further cooling, said separating, and said loading causes at least a portion of said carbon black fines to be emitted into the ...

PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS WITH SOLIDS RECYCLE

Systems and methods for processing pyrolyzable materials in order to recover one or more usable end products are provided. Pyrolysis methods and systems according to various aspects of the present invention are able to thermally decompose carbon-containing materials, including, for example, tires and other rubber-containing materials, in order recover hydrocarbon-containing products including synthesis gas, pyrolysis oil, and carbon black. Systems and methods according to aspects of the present invention may be successful on a commercial scale, and may be suitable for processing a variety of feedstocks, including, but not limited to, used tires and other types of industrial, agricultural, and consumer waste materials. 1. A method of pyrolyzing a rubber-containing material , said method comprising:(a) at least partially filling a first crucible with a first quantity of said rubber-containing material;(b) heating said first crucible in a pyrolysis zone under conditions sufficient to pyrolyze at least a portion of said first quantity of said rubber-containing material to thereby provide pyrolysis vapors and pyrolysis solids;(c) cooling said pyrolysis solids within said first crucible to form a first quantity of cooled pyrolysis solids, wherein said first quantity of cooled pyrolysis solids comprises carbon black and at least partially unpyrolyzed rubber-containing material;(d) returning at least a portion of said first quantity of cooled pyrolysis solids to said pyrolysis zone; and(e) heating at least a portion of the returned pyrolysis solids in said pyrolysis zone under conditions sufficient to pyrolyze at least a portion of said unpyrolyzed rubber-containing material in said returned pyrolysis solids.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating of said returned pyrolysis solids is carried out in said first crucible.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising claim 2 , prior to said heating of said returned pyrolysis solids claim 2 , combining said returned ...

CATALYST, PYROLYSIS DEVICE AND PYROLYSIS METHOD

A catalyst is illustrated, which has 70-90 parts by weight of mica, 1-10 parts by weight of zeolite, 5-15 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 1-10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 1-5 parts by weight of sodium oxide and 1-5 parts by weight of potassium oxide. The present disclosure also illustrates a pyrolysis device using the catalyst, and further illustrates a pyrolysis method using the catalyst and/or the pyrolysis device for thermally cracking an organic polymer. 1. A catalyst , comprising:70-90 parts by weight of mica;1-10 parts by weight of zeolite;5-15 parts by weight of titanium dioxide;1-10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide;1-5 parts by weight of sodium oxide; and1-5 parts by weight of potassium oxide.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mica is selected from at least one of muscovite mica claim 1 , hydromica claim 1 , bronze mica claim 1 , didymite claim 1 , zinnwaldite and lithium mica.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is selected from at least one of echellite claim 1 , stilbite claim 1 , heulandite claim 1 , scolecite claim 1 , chabazite claim 1 , mordenite and cubicite.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst further comprises at least one of silicon dioxide claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , ferric oxide and magnesium oxide.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst further comprises 1-3 parts by weight of solid base claim 1 , and the solid base com comprise at least one of sodium hydroxide claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.6. A pyrolysis device claim 1 , using the catalyst of for thermal cracking reaction claim 1 , comprising:a vertical thermal cracking main furnace, comprising:a furnace body, having a furnace roof, a furnace bottom and a furnace wall;an agitator shaft, disposed upright in the furnace body, provided with multiple agitator sheets;a thermal ...

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120.-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;a first mixer disposed in the cavity;a second mixer disposed in the cavity; andan extruder element disposed in the channel in the cavity.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first mixer and the second mixer each comprise a rotary mixing blade.23. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the extruder element is an extrusion screw.24. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first arcuate inner wall portion has a first radius of curvature and the second arcuate inner wall portion has a second radius of curvature that is larger than the first radius of curvature.25. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell ...

Conversion of polymer containing materials to petroleum products

Systems and methods achieve the conversion of polymer containing material into petroleum products such as hydrocarbon gas, wax, crude oil and diesel. The reactor and its system are designed to subject the polymer containing material to pyrolysis in a way that results in a higher petroleum product yield than conventional existing systems. The system has controls which allow for the heating temperature, rotation of the body, and throughput rate, to be adjusted depending on the reaction time required for the material inside the reactor. The condensing system is able to separate the products into the desired petroleum products by percentage output ranging from wax to crude-like oil to diesel-quality oil.

BIOMASS PROCESSING DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

Biomass processing devices, systems and methods used to convert biomass to, for example, liquid hydrocarbons, renewable chemicals, and/or composites are described. The biomass processing system can include a pyrolysis device, a hydroprocessor and a gasifier. Biomass, such as wood chips, is fed into the pyrolysis device to produce char and pyrolysis vapors. Pyrolysis vapors are processed in the hydroprocessor, such as a deoxygenation device, to produce hydrocarbons, light gas, and water. Water and char produced by the system can be used in the gasifier to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which may be recycled back to the pyrolysis device and/or hydroprocessor. 1. A pyrolysis device comprising:a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and an upstream end adjacent the inlet of the housing;', 'a downstream end adjacent the outlet of the housing;', 'a core extending between the upstream end and the downstream end; and', 'a helical blade wound around the core between the upstream end and the downstream end;, 'an auger positioned within the housing, the auger having the inlet of the housing is configured to receive biomass; and', 'the pyrolysis device is configured to convert the biomass to a pyrolysis vapor and to', 'produce a pressure seal formed by material in transition between biomass and pyrolysis vapor, the pressure being seal positioned between the inlet of the housing and the outlet of the housing., 'wherein2. The pyrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein the core of the auger is tapered from a first diameter at the upstream end to a second diameter at the downstream end claim 1 , the first diameter being smaller than the second diameter.3. The pyrolysis device of claim 2 , wherein:the helical blade has a blade height measured from an outer surface of the core in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the core to a terminal end of the helical blade; andthe height of the helical blade varies from the upstream end to the downstream end of the auger.4. The ...

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF INCREASED VOLUMES OF PURE TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS FROM SCRAP POLYMERS AND ELASTOMERS

A device and process for the vacuum pyrolization of scrap tires to produce a pyrolytic oil from which valuable terpenes such as limonene and pulegone may be extracted and purified. 1. A device for the pyrolysis of tires to form pyrolytic oils containing limonene and pulegone comprising;a nitrogen blanket bin for accepting shredded, washed, and dried automobile tires;at least one vacuum-lock valve;a helical screw which slowly turns to generate a mixture of shredded automobile tires and an additive/catalyst that can flow from the nitrogen blanket bin;at least one heater for heating the mixture from ambient temperature to about 450 degrees Celsius;a release valve for controlling the release of at least one of either a material and a vapor from the nitrogen blanket vacuum sealed furnace through a thin film evaporator and into a contactor/separator for recovery of at least one of either a type of terpene or a type of terpenoid from a mixture that has at least one of either the material or the vapor, wherein the contactor/separator can generate a pyrolytic vapor from the at least one of either the material or the vapor after a set of solids is removed from the mixture, and wherein the contactor/separator includes a chiller assembly for reducing the temperature of the pyrolytic vapor, a first heatable distillation column for reheating and cooling the mixture, a second heatable distillation column containing internal components that are at least one of either sieve trays or structured packing, wherein the second distillation column separates types of terpenes and the types of terpenoids that have been extracted from the mixture, wherein the mixture is passed through a small orifice disposed between the first distillation column and the second distillation column to thereby reduce the temperature of the mixture as it enters the second distillation column, wherein the terpenes and terpenoids are removed from the second distillation column through at least one tap mounted on ...

COMPACT AND MAINTAINABLE WASTE REFORMATION APPARATUS

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

HELICAL STIRRING SYSTEM FOR A PLASTIC CONVERSION VESSEL

A plastic pyrolytic conversion vessel comprises a conveying mechanism for moving a liquid, or a semi-molten, or a molten waste material, or a solid inert residue, or any combination thereof through the vessel. During pyrolyzation of the waste material, the same is heated and vaporized and undergoes in situ chemical reactions comprising cracking, recombination, reforming, recracking, and the like, and is subsequently removed from the vessel. A plurality of scraper blades serve to mix the liquid, or the semi-molten, or the molten waste material, or a solid inert residue, or any combination thereof and convey the waste material forward toward a vessel egress. In another embodiment, one or more sweeping devices serve to move forward the waste material that is located between adjacent rotating conveyor devices.

Gas Collection Apparatus

The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.

Method & Apparatus for Producing Biochar

The present disclosure provides, at least in part, a system for pyrolysis of biomass, the system comprising: (a) a reactor having a retort extending therethrough, said retort comprising a conveyor, an inlet, and an outlet; the reactor further comprising at least one thermosensor, the thermosensor capable of generating a signal when the temperature is above optimal levels; (b) a heating system adapted to heat the reactor; (c) a syn-gas management system; the management system comprising a syn-gas storage tank having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet in fluid communication with the reactor, and said outlet in fluid communication with the heating system and syn-gas outlet such as a flare or storage tank wherein the communication is controlled via a valve configurable between at least a first position where flow is directed to the heating system and a second position where flow is directed to the flare pipe; and (d) a controller in communication with the thermosensor and the valve; wherein the controller switches the valve from the first position to the second position upon receiving a signal from the thermosensor that the temperature in the reactor is above optimal levels. 3. The system of or comprising a dryer for drying the biomass prior to entry into the reactor.4. The system of or comprising a biochar delivery system for receiving the biochar from the reactor.5. The system of wherein the biochar delivery system comprises a cooling zone claim 4 , a compaction area claim 4 , with a rotary airlock valve therebetween.6. The system of or comprising an additive delivery system for introducing additives to the biochar.76. The system of - wherein the additive delivery system is located with the biochar delivery system.8. The system of or wherein the controller is a programmable logic controller.9. The system of or wherein the controller further controls the speed of the conveyor.109. The system of any of - wherein the conveyor is an auger.11. A method for converting ...

Chain drag system for treatment of carbaneous waste feedstock and method for the use thereof

A drag chain carbonizer is provided with a system and methods for anaerobic thermal conversion processing to convert waste into various solid carbonized products and varied further co-products. The drag-chain carbonizer includes an adjustable bed depth mechanism, a heating mechanism, a pressure management mechanism, an atmospheric management mechanism, and a chain tensioning mechanism containing at least one position sensor for communication of an actuator position to at least one programmable logic controller (PLC). Carbonaceous waste is transformed into useful co-products that can be re-introduced into the stream of commerce at various economically advantageous points. Depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters, the system adjusts co-products output to reflect changing market conditions.

Process for de-polymerization of styrenic monomer-containing polymers and for retrieval of styrenic monomers

The invention relates to an improved process for providing purified styrenic monomers, such as styrene, from styrene-containing polymer waste. Styrene-containing waste is depolymerized in a suitable reactor, and the depolymerization products are condensed and separated in a three-step distillation process.

HEAT TREATMENT APPARATUS

A heat treatment apparatus has a first screw conveyor, a second screw conveyor, a first nozzle pipe, and a second nozzle pipe. If the first screw conveyor rotates right, the first nozzle pipe is disposed on the left lateral side of the first screw conveyor. If the first screw conveyor rotates left, the first nozzle pipe is disposed on the right lateral side of the first screw conveyor. If the second screw conveyor rotates right, the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the left lateral side of the second screw conveyor. If the second screw conveyor rotates left, the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the right lateral side of the second screw conveyor. 1. A heat treatment apparatus comprising:a first screw conveyor;a second screw conveyor in parallel with the first screw conveyor;a first nozzle pipe which is disposed on a lateral side of the first screw conveyor and which ejects a high-temperature gas composed of superheated steam or a high-temperature combustion gas; anda second nozzle pipe which is disposed on a lateral side of the second screw conveyor and which ejects a high-temperature gas composed of superheated steam or a high-temperature combustion gas,wherein, in the case where a discharge side is viewed from an input side for a raw material to be treated, the first nozzle pipe is disposed on a left lateral side of the first screw conveyor in the case where the first screw conveyor rotates right, and the first nozzle pipe is disposed on a right lateral side of the first screw conveyor in the case where the first screw conveyor rotates left, andin the case where a discharge side is viewed from an input side for a raw material to be treated, the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the left lateral side of the second screw conveyor in the case where the second screw conveyor rotates right, and the second nozzle pipe is disposed on the right lateral side of the second screw conveyor in the case where the second screw conveyor rotates left.2. The heat treatment ...

Reactive twin-screw extrusion valve

A system for the production of carbonized biomass that includes an infeed for accepting biomass feed material and an associated twin screw extruder. A water heater is connected with respect to at least one inlet along a length of the twin screw extruder and a pressure sustaining valve is connected at an outlet of the twin screw extruder.

Apparatus and process for the controlled reduction of organic material via microwave radiation

A controllable, continuous-feed system and process for the reduction or depolymerization of organic materials using microwave energy in a reducing, substantially oxygen-reduced atmosphere. The microwave energy is generated by a plurality of magnetrons in a microwave tunnel. Gaseous products may be extracted from the microwave tunnel for recycling and/or analysis. A collector such as a liquid trap may be used to separately collect floating and sinking constituents of the solid products while preventing the escape of the reducing atmosphere from the system.

Pyrolysis systems

Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock.

ROTATING DRUM DEVICE FOR USE WITH CARBONIZER SYSTEM AND PROCESS OF USE THEREOF

A rotating drum device for use with a carbonizer system and process of use thereof are provided. The drum device has an augered feed line, a center feed line for accepting introduced waste material in fluid communication with the augered feed line, control valves for controlling the amount of waste material moving through the drum at any given discrete point in time, and a heating jacket encapsulating a circumference of an outer wall of the drum that provides indirect thermal heating to the drum. Internal angled vanes are disposed along an inner wall of the drum and move waste material progressively through the drum. Constituent waste material may be separated with a magnetic strip disposed along an inner wall of the drum. Rotation of the drum is driven by at least one external rotating drum drive motor that engages external threads disposed along the outer wall of the drum. 1. A rotating drum device for use with a carbonizer system comprising:a drum rotatable about an axis, said drum having an inner wall and an outer wall;a plurality of internal angled vanes disposed along the inner wall of said drum, said plurality of internal angled vanes oriented so that waste material is moved progressively through said drum from an inlet within a first end of said drum towards a discharge outlet within a second end of said drum, said second end distal to said first end; andat least one external rotating drum drive motor in fluid communication with said drum.2. The rotating drum device of further comprising an inlet housing adapted to receive said first end of said drum claim 1 , said inlet housing having an inlet housing aperture in fluid communication with said inlet.3. The rotating drum device of further comprising a discharge housing adapted to receive said second end of said drum claim 1 , said discharge housing having a discharge housing aperture in fluid communication with said discharge outlet.4. The rotating drum device of further comprising a heating jacket ...

System and Process for Heavy Fuel Oil Pyrolysis

Provided is a system for continuous processing of heavy fuel oil from recycling waste oil and the processing residues of crude oil into useful products including means for feeding waste oil; at least one hot-gas filter, at least one condenser, at least one rotating kiln including an outer stationary jacket which forms a heating channel, and an inner rotating reactor, and means for removing solid coke from the rotating reactor. The at least one hot gas filter is configured to separate a naphtha/gasoil fraction after the processing of the heavy fuel oil from a soft coke fraction. The rotating reactor is configured to recover a solid coke fraction comprising high contaminant content. The invention further relates to a process for continuous processing of heavy fuel oil from recycling waste oil and the processing residues of crude oil into useful products, preferably with the system of the invention. Moreover, the invention relates to use of the products and waste products produced with the process and system of the invention. 2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said system comprises four spray lances of different length claim 1 , said spray lances comprising nozzles which project the heavy fuel oil evenly into the rotating reactor volume and onto the inner wall the rotating reactor.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said nozzles are arranged that the heavy fuel oil is sprayed directly on the inner wall of the rotating reactor.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rotating reactor is heated indirectly by gas burners claim 1 , which are mounted to the heating channel via a pre-combustion chamber.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rotating reactor is equipped on its outer wall with ribbed plates to ensure turbulent flow and even distribution of the heating gas in the heating channel.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein said system further comprises a diverter claim 1 , rotary valves claim 1 , a hot-rolling screw conveyor and a cooling screw conveyor for discharging the ...

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;at least one mixer disposed in the cavity; anda heating structure coupled to a surface of the wall.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the heating structure extends over a surface of the wall.23. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an inner surface of the wall.24. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an outer surface of the wall.25. The vessel of claim 24 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell and the second shell.26. The vessel of claim 25 , wherein the heating structure comprises an insulating material disposed within the annular enclosure.27. The ...

Method of Torrefacation of a Biomass Comprising the Step of Cooling the Torrefaction

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for torrefaction of a biomass. Said method and arrangements allows for precise control of torrefaction temperature, which is crucial for accurate control of the quality and properties of the torrefied material. The method comprising a step of cooling the torrefaction reaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperature increase derived from the exothermic torrefaction reactions 1. A method of torrefaction of a dried and heated biomass , comprising the step of cooling a torrefaction reaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperature increase derived from exothermic torrefaction reactions , wherein the biomass is woody biomass from spruce or eucalyptus.2. A method according to wherein a temperature of the torrefaction reaction is controlled using means for cooling and an optional means for heating.3. A method according to wherein the means for cooling and heating are interchangeable.4. A method according to wherein the means for heating and/or cooling is represented by heat exchangers.5. A method according to wherein a temperature of the biomass during the torrefaction reaction is kept within a temperature range of 50° C.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a residence time of the dried and heated biomass in the torrefaction reaction is controlled separately from a residence time in a heating step preceding the torrefaction reaction.7. A torrefaction arrangement comprising at least one torrefaction zone wherein the torrefaction zone comprises means for cooling and an optional means for heating and wherein the means for cooling is connected to a vessel or arrangement containing a cooling media claim 1 , which cooling media is water.8. A torrefaction arrangement according wherein the means for cooling and heating are interchangeable.9. A torrefaction arrangement according to wherein the means for heating and/or cooling are heat exchangers.10. A torrefaction arrangement according to further ...

STAGED BIOMASS FRACTIONATOR

Various biomass reactors systems and methods of pyrolyzing biomass are disclosed. One type of biomass reactor system comprises a plurality of biomass processing stations configured in series, each station comprising an auger reactor including an auger inlet for receiving biomass and a transfer screw for conveying the biomass through the auger reactor. 1. A method of thermally decomposing biomass in a plurality of pyrolysis stations comprising:operating each of a plurality of pyrolysis stations by adjusting temperature and/or pressure, wherein at least one of the temperature and pressure are different between stations;transferring said biomass and/or its subsequent thermal decomposition products into and out of said plurality of pyrolysis stations;wherein at least one, but not all, of said plurality of pyrolysis stations is operated under conditions selected to pyrolyze said biomass or its subsequent thermal decomposition products to produce a vapor stream suitable for fuel production, and directing said fuel-producing vapor stream to a catalytic column for conversion to fuel;wherein at least one, but not all, of said plurality of pyrolysis stations is operated under conditions to provide a second vapor stream, and directing the second vapor stream to a second location for use other than fuel production; andwherein a station of said plurality of pyrolysis stations is operated under conditions selected to pyrolyze said incoming thermal decomposition products to produce a biochar.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more stations comprises an auger.3. The method of claim 1 , that produces at least one solid biochar stream for soil amendment purposes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first station is preceded by one or more stations for drying of biomass.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein renewable chemicals are synthesized from one or more vapor products.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature within a second station in the plurality of stations is ...

Industrial process using a forced-exhaust metal furnace and mechanisms developed for simultaneously producing coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions.

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS USING A FORCED-EXHAUST METAL FURNACE AND MECHANISMS DEVELOPED FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PRODUCING COAL, FUEL GAS, PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT AND TAR

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions. 1. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal , fuel gas , pyroligneous extract and tar , characterized by having a carbonization system comprising a movable support base , which comprises a metal ring guides for furnace positioning , truncated cone and weighing system and mechanisms for locking the furnace on the ring; condensable recovery equipment , which comprises an expansion box with independent outlets for the gases and condensable , filter and storage tank; safety device for pressure relief , which comprises a hinged door and chimney; exhauster and gases and vapors conducting ducts.2. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production ...

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS USING A FORCED-EXHAUST METAL FURNACE AND MECHANISMS DEVELOPED FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PRODUCING COAL, FUEL GAS, PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT AND TAR

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions. 1. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal , fuel gas , pyroligneous extract and tar , characterized by a charcoal production process consisting of loading the biomass from the upper part of the furnace , cover and seal the top cover , with the aid of specific devices for attaching the cover to the furnace , and then moving the furnace for the movable support base , locking the furnace thereon , wherein the process of carbonization is started by ignition and exhaust and the heating of the furnace is conducted so as to obtain in all its volume a temperature above 350° C. and weight close to stipulated coal yield.2. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed ...

CHAR SEPARATOR AND METHOD

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for processing reusable fuel wherein the apparatus comprises a support body and a plurality of augers disposed within the support body. The augers may be configured to rotate against a vapor flow to clean carbon char from vapors comprising condensable and non-condensable hydrocarbons. A drive system may be connected to drive and control the plurality of augers. An exhaust system is connected to the support body. A gearbox housing is connected to the exhaust system, wherein the drive system is accommodated in the gearbox housing. A ventilation system is disposed within the gearbox housing. Additionally, a thermal expansion system may be connected to the support body. 121.-. (canceled)22. A method of cleaning carbon char from vapors in a reactor comprising:receiving a vapor flow of condensable and non-condensable hydrocarbons within a support body;controlling the temperature within the support body;rotating a plurality of augers disposed within the support body against the vapor flow,wherein respective flights of each of the plurality of augers intersect each other; anddischarging lower carbon vapors from the support body as clean reusable fuel.23. A method of claim 22 , comprising:vaporizing a carbon-based material into hydrocarbon chain vapors;capturing the hydrocarbon chain vapors and condensing the same into high carbon chain fuel;reheating the high carbon chain fuel until it vaporizes to break high carbon chains into lower carbon chains to produce low carbon vapor; andcollecting the low carbon vapor.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the carbon-based material is plastic.25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the carbon-based material is heated at a prescribed temperature until the carbon-based material is vaporized.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the heat is controlled to manipulate the hydrocarbon chain vapors.27. The method of claim 23 , wherein the carbon-based material is pressurized at a ...

DISTILLATION UNIT FOR CARBON-BASED FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEM

An apparatus for distillation of feedstock, including a distillation chamber with an inlet for receiving feedstock and an outlet for discharging feedstock, and a plate for supporting the feedstock in the distillation chamber. The plate is positioned parallel to a substantially horizontal plane across a portion of the distillation chamber, and defines a plurality of transverse apertures extending transversely across a substantial portion of the width of the plate. A plurality of heating rods is included for insertion into the apertures of the plate to heat the plate. The apparatus also includes a conveyor enclosed within the distillation chamber and extending longitudinally across the distillation chamber, the conveyor having a plurality of paddles attached thereto that, when driven by the conveyor, move proximate and parallel to the plate to agitate feedstock on the plate, and to drive the feedstock from the inlet to the outlet of the distillation chamber. 1. A method of processing feedstock in a distillation device , the method comprising:a) introducing feedstock into a distillation chamber so that the feedstock rests on a substantially horizontal plate in the distillation chamber;b) inserting rods into apertures in the plate;c) heating the rods, so that the rods transfer heat to the plate, which in turn transfers heat to the feedstock;d) agitating the feedstock by driving paddles through the feedstock to move the feedstock laterally, as well as forward and vertically upward; ande) discharging the feedstock from the distillation chamber.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:arranging the paddles in rows, the lateral position of the paddles of each row varied from that of the paddles in an adjacent row, to increase the lateral and forward movement of the feedstock as the feedstock is agitated.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:orienting the paddles so that as they pass through the feedstock, they move the feedstock vertically upward so that the ...

Pyrolysis Reactor

The disclosure provides several pyrolysis reactor configurations and associated methods for generating pyrolysis products (e.g., oil, gas, and/or char) from organic feedstock. 1. A pyrolysis reactor comprising an upper pressure vessel and a lower reaction chamber; a gas-permeable distribution screen forming a centrally-disposed plenum and a laterally-disposed gas distribution space and', 'a process gas inlet in communication with the gas distribution space;, 'wherein the lower reaction chamber compriseswherein the distribution screen is adapted to retain a feedstock within the plenum and the plenum is contiguous with the upper pressure vessel.2. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , wherein the lower reaction chamber comprises a plurality of process gas inlets in communication with the gas distribution space.3. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , wherein the lower reaction chamber comprises one or more process gas outlets in communication with the gas distribution space.4. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , wherein the gas distribution space further comprises one or more baffles.5. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis reactor further comprises one or more microwave waveguides configured to emit microwaves into the interior of the plenum.6. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 5 , wherein the waveguide further comprises a quartz window.7. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 6 , wherein the pyrolysis reactor further comprises a gas nozzle configured to direct a cleaning gas onto the quartz window.8. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis reactor further comprises one or more microwave waveguides configured to emit microwaves into the interior of the upper pressure vessel.9. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 8 , wherein the waveguide further comprises a quartz window.10. The pyrolysis reactor of claim 9 , wherein the pyrolysis reactor further comprises a gas nozzle configured to direct a cleaning gas onto the quartz window.11. The pyrolysis reactor ...

MATERIAL SEPARATION DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND RELATED METHODS

Embodiments described herein relate to retorts for separating materials or substances (e.g., based on volatility thereof) and forming a base or waste material (e.g., basic sediment and water, inorganic materials, char, organic waste materials, and other solids) and a target material (e.g., shale oil or other oils), contained in feed-stock. 1. A retort for separating a target material from waste material in feedstock , the retort comprising:a containment chamber;a heating unit positioned and configured to heat the containment chamber;a conveyor at least partially located within the containment chamber, the conveyor including one or more openings sized and configured to allow the target material to pass therethrough; anda collector assembly configured to receive the target material that passes through the conveyor.2. The retort of claim 1 , wherein the collector assembly includes:a capture slide disposed below at least a portion of the conveyor; anda funnel disposed below the capture slide.3. The retort of claim 2 , wherein the capture slide slopes away from a surface of the conveyor that carries the feedstock.4. The retort of any of - claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of one or more of the containment chamber claim 2 , the conveyor claim 2 , and the collector assembly are disposed within a housing.5. The retort of any of - claim 2 , wherein the containment chamber is substantially sealed.6. The retort of any of - claim 2 , further comprising a feedstock feed mechanism configured to feed feedstock onto the conveyor.7. The retort of claim 6 , wherein the feedstock feed mechanism includes:an airlock feeder operably coupled to the containment chamber, the airlock feeder being positioned and configured to deposit feedstock on a first end of the conveyor; anda hopper operably coupled to the airlock feeder, the hopper being configured to feed feedstock into the airlock feeder.8. The retort of any of - claim 6 , further comprising a waste removal mechanism configured to ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THERMOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF MATERIAL AND PYROLYSIS OIL PRODUCED THEREWITH

Systems and methods for thermocatalytic treatment of material are provided. The system can have a charging region to supply starting material, a preconditioning zone in which preconditioned material is formed from the starting material, a pyrolysis zone in which pyrolysed material is formed from the preconditioned material, and a separation unit for separation of the pyrolysed material. In the preconditioning zone and the pyrolysis zone, a heater can be provided for heating of the material. Also provided in the pyrolysis zone are recirculation means with which a solid portion of the pyrolysed material can be recirculated directly into the region of the pyrolysis zone facing toward the preconditioning zone. 1. A system for thermocatalytic treatment of material , the system comprising:a charging region for supplying a starting material to be treated;a preconditioning zone in which preconditioned material is formed from the starting material;a pyrolysis zone in which pyrolysed material is formed from the preconditioned material; anda separation unit for separation of the obtained pyrolysed material,wherein in the preconditioning zone, a heater is provided for heating of the starting material to a temperature of at least 150° C., and wherein in the pyrolysis zone, a recirculation means is provided, and the heater is also for additional heating of the preconditioned material in the pyrolysis zone to a temperature of at least 350° C., and wherein with the recirculation means, a solid portion of at least the pyrolysed material is recirculatable at least partly and directly into a region of the pyrolysis zone facing toward the preconditioning zone so that the recirculation means comes into direct contact with the recirculated solid portion of pyrolysed material and the preconditioned material to be pyrolysed.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the recirculation means are provided at least in the region of the pyrolysis zone facing toward the preconditioning zone ...

PYROLYSIS APPARATUS AND METHOD

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis apparatus comprising a pyrolysis chamber have a first end and a second end, a feed inlet connected adjacent the first end of the pyrolysis chamber, a biochar outlet connected adjacent the second end of the pyrolysis chamber, and a gas outlet in fluid communication with the pyrolysis chamber. The pyrolysis chamber and feed inlet further comprise centreless screw conveyors. The present invention alleviates the problems associated with dust, oils and tars being present in the generated syngas. The present invention can also be used in a method of continuously processing biomass. 2. (canceled)3. The pyrolysis apparatus claim 1 , of claim 1 , where there is a spacing between an end of the centreless feed screw conveyor and the pyrolysis chamber.4. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the biochar outlet further comprises a centreless biochar screw conveyor.5. The pyrolysis apparatus claim 3 , of claim 3 , wherein there is a spacing between an end of the centreless biochar screw conveyor and an exit of the biochar outlet.6. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a temperature gradient is formed in the pyrolysis chamber.7. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis apparatus further comprises a biochar valve in communication with the biochar outlet.8. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis apparatus further comprises at least one gas injection port located adjacent the second end.9. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 7 , wherein gas injected through the at least one gas injection port is selected from oxygen or atmospheric air.10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)15. The method of claim 14 , wherein a biomass plug is formed in the feed inlet.16. The method of claim 14 , wherein a biochar plug is formed in the biochar outlet.1714. The method of claim 14 , wherein a densely packed biomass is formed in the pyrolysis chamber.18. The method of claim 16 , wherein syngas ...

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING METHANE GAS AND USE OF SUCH A DEVICE

The invention relates to a device for producing methane gas including a chamber, means for conveying the product in the chamber which comprise a screw mounted to turn in the chamber along a geometric axis of rotation, Joule-effect heating means of the screw, a removal unit for removing impurities present in the gas coming from the thermal treatment of the product, said unit being connected to a high outlet of the chamber, and a purification system for purifying the gas at the outlet of the removal unit. 1. A device for producing a methane gas by heat-treating a substance in the form of divided solids , the device comprising:an enclosure comprising a substance feed inlet, a bottom outlet for recovering residues of the treated substance, and a top outlet for extracting the gas coming from the treatment of the substance;conveyor means for conveying the substance between an inlet of the enclosure and the bottom outlet, the means comprising a screw mounted to rotate inside the enclosure about an axis of rotation and having drive means for driving the screw in rotation;heater means for heating the screw by the Joule effect;an impurity elimination unit for eliminating impurities present in the gas coming from the heat treatment substance, said unit being connected to the top outlet of the enclosure; anda purification system for purifying the gas at the outlet of the elimination unit, the purification system being connected to the elimination unit.2. The device according to claim 1 , including an inlet chimney that is connected to the inlet of the enclosure and that comprises leaktight connection means for connection to the inlet of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure.3. The device according to claim 1 , including an outlet chimney that is connected to the bottom outlet of the enclosure and that comprises leaktight connection means for connection to the bottom outlet of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure.4. The device ...

FEED DEVICE AND FEED METHOD FOR A PYROLYSIS APPARATUS

A feed device of a pyrolysis apparatus and a feed method through which material processed in the pyrolysis apparatus, such as plastic and/or rubber waste, can be fed into the pyrolysis apparatus. In the feed device there is a feed opening for the material to be processed, a feed chamber, closing members in conjunction with the feed chamber and a discharge opening, through which the material to be processed can be conveyed to the pyrolysis apparatus's pyrolysis chamber. A vacuum pump has been adjoined in conjunction with the feed device's feed chamber to achieve a vacuum or sufficient underpressure in the feed chamber after the material to be processed has been fed into the feed chamber and the feed chamber's closing members have been closed. After the closing member of the feed chamber's discharge opening has been opened, the material to be processed, from which the oxygen harmful to the pyrolysis process has been removed, is conveyed into the pyrolysis chamber.’ 1. A feed device of a pyrolysis apparatus , through which material to be processed in the pyrolysis apparatus , such as plastic and/or rubber waste , can be fed into the pyrolysis apparatus , in which feed device there is a feed opening for the material to be processed , a feed chamber , closing members in conjunction with the feed chamber and a discharge opening , through which the material to be processed can be conveyed to a pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis apparatus wherein a vacuum pump has been attached in conjunction with the feed device's feed chamber in order to achieve a vacuum or sufficient underpressure in the feed chamber after the material to be processed has been fed into the feed chamber and the feed chamber's closing members have been closed.2. The feed device according to claim 1 , wherein the vacuum pump is attached to the feed chamber with a pipe which has a valve and a vacuum or sufficient underpressure is achieved in the feed chamber by starting up the vacuum pump and opening the ...

SELF-SUSTAINING PYROLYSIS SYSTEM FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION

A pyrolysis apparatus reduces feedstock to gaseous energy sources and recyclable solids by moving feedstock through a processing unit via a feedstock transport mechanism that has sections that move the feedstock at respectively different rates through a retort within the processing unit. The feedstock transport mechanism may be an auger with a variable fighting pitch along its shaft. The pyrolysis apparatus may be modular in that processing units may be added and subtracted as necessary for any given installation. A restriction device squeezes ambient air out of the feedstock prior to entry into the pyrolysis apparatus retort. 1. A pyrolysis apparatus for reducing feedstock to gaseous energy sources and recyclable solids , comprising:a housing configured to receive a plurality of modular processing units configured to operate in parallel;a modular first processing unit, said first processing unit comprising a first feedstock inlet, a first gas output outlet, a first solids output outlet, and a first feedstock transport mechanism extending through said first processing unit, said first feedstock transport mechanism comprising a first multi-pitch auger for moving feedstock at different rates through said first processing unit; anda modular second processing unit removably connected to said first processing unit via the housing, said second processing unit comprising a second feedstock inlet, a second gas output outlet, a second solids output outlet, and a second feedstock transport mechanism extending through said second processing unit, said second feedstock transport mechanism comprising a second multi-pitch auger for moving feedstock at different rates through said second processing unit;wherein said first processing unit and second processing unit are configured to operate in parallel.2. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:said first processing unit comprises a retort surrounding said first feedstock transport mechanism; andsaid first multi-pitch auger ...

PYROLYZER FURNACE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATION THEREOF

A char making apparatus comprises a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing wherein coal-bearing material may be heated to a temperature to fluidize volatile materials therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material. At least two rotatable drive screws are laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter positioned within the drive shaft to provide heating to the coal-bearing material. A heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing provides additional heating to the coal-bearing material. Multiple combustion chambers adjacent the heating jacket and hollow drive shaft burn fluidized volatile materials and exhaust combustion fluids through the jacket and shaft. 1. A method for making briquettes comprising the steps of:a. assembling a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing having at least two rotatable drive screws laterally positioned and interleaved within a longitudinal furnace housing and a heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing to provide heat flux from combustion fluid moving through the heating jacket to adjacent coal-bearing materials;b. moving coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace by rotation of the drive screws and heating to fluidize volatile material in the coal bearing material and plasticize the coal in the coal bearing material to form processed char;c. mixing the processed char with a binding agent and a binder coal of a fluidity at least 2,000 ddpm to form a blend of less than 15% binding agent, 25 to 70% processed char and 20 to 70 % binder coal; andd. briquetting the blend to form a briquetted blend that can be carbonized to form metallurgical coke.2. The method for making briquettes as claimed in wherein briquetting said blend forms a briquetted blend that when carbonized has a CSR at least 50% and a CRI less than 30%.3. The method ...

PYROLYZER FURNACE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATION THEREOF

A char making apparatus comprises a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing wherein coal-bearing material may be heated to a temperature to fluidize volatile materials therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material. At least two rotatable drive screws are laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter positioned within the drive shaft to provide heating to the coal-bearing material. A heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing provides additional heating to the coal-bearing material. Multiple combustion chambers adjacent the heating jacket and hollow drive shaft burn fluidized volatile materials and exhaust combustion fluids through the jacket and shaft. 1. A method for making char comprising the steps of:a. assembling a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing having at least two rotatable drive screws laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing, and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials containing volatile material through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter longitudinally positioned within the drive shaft, the diverter forming with an inner surface of each drive shaft an inner passageway capable of directing heat flux to adjacent coal-bearing materials moving through the pyrolyzer furnace to fluidize the volatile material therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material;b. assembling a heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing along at least a portion thereof in fluid communication with combustion fluid from multiple combustion chambers to provide heat flux from combustion fluid moving through the heating jacket to adjacent coal-bearing materials moving through the pyrolyzer furnace to fluidize the volatile material in the coal bearing material and plasticize ...

Processing biomass

Methods are provided for reducing one or more dimensions of individual pieces of biomass; treating biomass, such as size-reduced biomass; changing a molecular structure of a biomass material; and, optionally, subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product. The methods include processing biomass materials using a screw extrusion process, and treating the biomass material with a screw extrusion process in size-reduction and treating steps.

Rapid Production of Hydrothermally Carbonized Biomass via Reactive Twin-Screw Extrusion

A system for the production of carbonized biomass that includes an infeed for accepting biomass feed material and an associated twin screw extruder. A water heater is connected with respect to at least one inlet along a length of the twin screw extruder and a pressure sustaining valve is connected at an outlet of the twin screw extruder. 1. A system for the production of hydrothermally carbonized biomass comprising:an infeed for accepting biomass feed material;a twin screw extruder connected with respect to the infeed, the twin screw extruder having a length between the infeed and an outlet;a water heater connected with respect to at least one inlet along the length of the twin screw extruder, wherein the at least one inlet generally corresponds with a pressure boundary within the twin screw extruder; anda pressure sustaining valve connected between the length of the twin screw extruder and the outlet.2. The system of wherein the twin screw extruder includes a plurality of mixing elements and a plurality of reversing elements.3. The system of wherein the reversing elements are interspersed within the twin screw extruder to provide flow restrictions and/or pressure boundaries within the twin screw extruder.4. The system of wherein the twin screw extruder includes at least one reversing element and an increasing pitch on a mixing element between the infeed and the at least one reversing element.5. The system of wherein the liquid water inlet is positioned immediately following a first dynamic seal created between a mixing element and a reversing element within the twin screw extruder.6. The system of wherein the twin screw extruder includes an increasing pitch mixing element extending from the infeed.7. The system of wherein hot water is injected at 230-300° C.8. The system of wherein at least three reversing elements are positioned within the twin screw extruder resulting in at least three flow restrictions and/or pressure boundaries.9. The system of wherein the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS, AND PRODUCTS THEREOF

The present invention relates to a system and method for converting biomass and the products obtained therefrom. The system comprises a conversion unit () provided with an inlet () for introducing biomass, an inlet () for introducing a gas stream, an outlet () for removing carbonized material (), and an outlet () for releasing a fluid (F), the system further comprising a first separation unit (), a second separation unit (), a condensing unit (). 1. System for converting biomass , the system comprising:{'b': 1', '5', '6', '8', '9', '10', '3, 'claim-text': [{'b': 1', '1', '1', '1, 'a first heat transfer zone (A) for heating the gas stream by direct contact between the gas stream and carbonized biomass having a first temperature level (CT), resulting in the at least partial combustion thereof and a first fluid (F) having a first temperature level (T);'}, {'b': 1', '1', '1', '2', '2, 'a second heat transfer zone (B) for heating dried biomass by direct contact between the first fluid (F) having a first temperature level (T) and the dried biomass, resulting in the at least partial conversion thereof and the release of a second fluid (F) having a second temperature level (T);'}, {'b': 1', '2', '2', '3', '3, 'a drying zone (C) for drying a fresh biomass by direct contact between the second fluid (F) having a second temperature level (T) and the fresh biomass, resulting in a dried biomass and the release of a third fluid (F) having a third temperature level (T),'}, {'b': 1', '8', '9, 'a discharge zone (D) provided with outlet () for continuously removing carbonized material (), said system further comprising], 'A) a conversion unit () provided with an inlet () for introducing biomass, an inlet () for introducing a gas stream, an outlet () for removing carbonized material (), and an outlet () for releasing a fluid (F), said conversion unit comprising{'b': 11', '3', '3', '4', '4', '1, 'B) a first separation unit (), for separating solids and tar from the third fluid (F) by ...

Apparatus, system, and method for biomass fractioning

A crank shaft driven biomass fractionator system, apparatus and method are described for inputting ground biomass and outputting several vapor streams of bio-intermediate compounds associated with bio-oil and bio-vapors along with biochar and optionally syngas production. A method for biomass fractioning comprises dispensing biomass into thin sheets of ground biomass; subjecting the thin sheets to temperature; and collecting various groups of compounds as they are released from the thin sheets.

MOVING PYROLYZING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR APPLYING THE APPARATUS

The invention relates to a moving pyrolyzing apparatus and a method thereof. The apparatus comprises a pyrolyzing chamber, heat source beds which located inside the chamber and moving means cooperating with the beds. The beds include at least the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface corresponding to the moving means. The temperature of the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface is suitable for pyrolytic reaction. The process of pyrolytic reaction includes the pyrolyzing process of the raw materials on the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface, the transfer process from the first reaction surface to the second reaction surface. Thereby the distance of travel of raw materials is extended under a certain size and internal space of the pyrolyzing apparatus. 1. A moving pyrolyzing apparatus , comprising:a pyrolyzing chamber, including an inlet for receiving raw materials to be pyrolyzed and an outlet for discharging the products of pyrolysis;moving means for conveying the raw materials from the inlet to the outlet, which located inside of the chamber; andheat source beds including at least the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface with the temperature required for pyrolysis corresponding to the moving means, the first reaction surface and the second reaction surface being disposed separately, and the moving means conveying the raw materials on the first reaction surface and transferring the raw materials from the first reaction surface to the second reaction surface to convey the raw materials on the second reaction surface.2. The moving pyrolyzing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heat source beds comprise the first heat source bed and the second heat source bed claim 1 , which are detached with each other claim 1 , the first reaction surface is disposed at the first heat source bed and the second reaction surface is disposed at the second heat source bed.3. The moving pyrolyzing apparatus of claim 2 , ...

PYROLYSIS METHOD AND PLANT FOR PROCESSING ORGANIC MATERIAL BY PYROLYSIS

Plant for pyrolytic processing material includes a reactor, a feeding bin for solid material, a feeding auger mechanism, a feeding tank for liquid material, a feeding pump, a smoke suction, a chimney, an intermediate auger mechanism, a collecting bin for ash residue, a discharging auger mechanism, filter for a gas/vapour mixture, a heat exchanger, a cooler, a circulation pump for coolant, a knockout drum, a gas drier tower, a hydraulic trap, an accumulating tank, a residual water separator, a water tank, a fuel tank, a nitrogen source, and an air blower for the combustion chamber, tubes and pipes, fittings, valves, expansion and balance tanks, and an automated control system. The reactor is configured for thermal destruction of organic material and includes a cylinder-shaped pyrolysis chamber with a main auger mechanism that feeds the material into the pyrolysis chamber, moves the material along the pyrolysis chamber, and unloads ash residue. 1. A reactor for thermal destruction of an organic material comprising:an elongated pyrolysis chamber disposed substantially horizontally;a main auger mechanism disposed in a lower portion of the pyrolysis chamber and inclined in relation to a longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber, the main auger mechanism comprising at least two augers;a combustion chamber substantially encompassing the pyrolysis chamber;at least one flue for a gas/vapour mixture in communication with an outlet for discharging the gas/vapour mixture from the pyrolysis chamber;at least one burner disposed in the combustion chamber; andat least one blower for supplying air into the combustion chamber.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis chamber is made of a corrosion-resistant steel.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis chamber is substantially cylinder-shaped.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the lower portion of the pyrolysis chamber comprises a chute claim 1 , and a cross-section of the chute corresponds to a shape of the group ...

METHOD FOR THE BIOACTIVATION OF BIOCHAR FOR USE AS A SOIL AMENDMENT

A method for the production of an agent for enhancing soil growth is described, comprising: grinding a biomass feedstock to produce ground biomass particles; subjecting the ground biomass particles to a biofractioning process including an auger reactor; selectively collecting at least one volatile component as it is released from the ground biomass particles; collecting a last remaining nonvolatile component comprising BMF char; rendering a surface of the BMF char hydrophilic; exposing the BMF char to microorganisms; and adding the BMF char to soil. 121-. (canceled)22. A method for the production of an agent for enhancing soil growth , comprising:subjecting biomass to a biofractioning process;selectively collecting at least one volatile component as it is released from the biomass;collecting a last remaining nonvolatile component comprising BMF char; andrendering a surface of the BMF char hydrophilic to produce an agent for enhancing soil growth.23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising controlling a pH of the BMF char via pH adjustment agents.24. The method of claim 22 , further comprising activating the BMF char.25. The method of claim 22 , wherein an auger reactor is employed to carry out the biofractioning process.26. The method of claim 22 , wherein rendering a surface of the BMF char hydrophilic comprises removing adsorbed gas within char pores.27. The method of claim 22 , wherein rendering a surface of the BMF char hydrophilic comprises removing adsorbed hydrocarbons at a temperature above 400° C.28. The method of claim 27 , wherein rendering a surface of the BMF char hydrophilic comprises removing adsorbed hydrocarbons at a temperature above 700° C.29. The method of claim 26 , wherein removing adsorbed gas within char pores comprises removing adsorbed gases by water infiltration claim 26 , vacuum suction claim 26 , ultrasound claim 26 , or impact.30. The method of claim 26 , wherein removing adsorbed gas within char pores comprises removing adsorbed ...

PROCESS FOR DEVOLATIZING A FEEDSTOCK

Provided herein is a method for devolatizing a solid feedstock. The solid feedstock is treated to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cmand 100 cm. The solid feedstock is passed into a device connected to an outlet of a compaction screw auger comprising an assembly including a solid feedstock injector, a retort, a side arm for injecting a heated gas comprising hydrogen, and a process auger. The solid feedstock is contacted with the heated gas at a temperature of 500° C. to 1000° C. for a time of 60 seconds to 120 seconds, whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream. 1. A method for devolatizing a solid feedstock , comprising carbon-based waste selected from the group consisting of hazardous material , biomass , animal manure , tires , municipal solid waste and refuse derived fuel , wherein the method comprises:{'sup': 3', '3, 'treating the solid feedstock to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cmand 100 cm;'} [{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'the injector having a cylindrical body defined by an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical surface with a thickness between the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, an inner cavity, an inside diameter D, and an outside diameter D; an inlet end of the injector having an inlet opening and injector flange radially disposed around the inlet opening and extending radially outward from the cylindrical body of the injector; an outlet end of the injector having an outlet opening and an injector ring radially disposed around the outlet opening and extending radially outward from the cylindrical body of the injector; an internal sealing shoulder being disposed on the outer cylindrical surface of the injector at a distance Lfrom the injector ring and at a distance Lfrom the injector flange, wherein the distance Lis less than the distance L;'}, {'sub': 3', '4', '3', '2, 'the retort having a cylindrical body defined by an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical ...

CHAR SEPARATOR

The present invention relates to an apparatus that is part of a reusable fuel processing unit that allows the absorption of char contained within vapor that is leaving the reactor including a gear box, gearbox housing, support flange and seal, exhaust housing, exhaust port, connecting flange, screw top split housing, vertical steal housing, three augers with drive shafts on each auger contained within the steel housing, discharge flange, support ring, expansion cart, and cam followers. 1. (canceled)2. A method of producing fuel comprising:vaporizing a carbon-based material into hydrocarbon chain vapors;capturing the hydrocarbon chain vapors and condensing the same into high carbon chain fuel;reheating the high carbon chain fuel until it vaporizes to break high carbon chains into lower carbon chains to produce low carbon vapor; andcollecting the low carbon vapor.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the carbon-based material is plastic.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the carbon-based material is heated at a prescribed temperature until the carbon-based material is vaporized.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the heat is controlled to manipulate the hydrocarbon chain vapors.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the carbon-based material is pressurized at a prescribed pressure until the carbon based material is vaporized. This application priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/318,178, entitled “CHAR SEPARATOR,” filed Apr. 4, 2016. The entire contents and disclosures of this patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.This application discloses material that is related to material disclosed in a nonprovisional application filed on Dec. 9, 2015, titled “Heated Airlock Feeder Unit”, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference as well as the non-provisional application filed on Dec. 9, 2015 titled “Cyclonic Cooling System” incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.This application relates to an apparatus that is part of ...

Processing biomass

Methods are provided for reducing one or more dimensions of individual pieces of biomass; treating biomass, such as size-reduced biomass; changing a molecular structure of a biomass material; and, optionally, subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product. The methods include processing biomass materials using a screw extrusion process, and treating the biomass material with a screw extrusion process in size-reduction and treating steps.

Process and installation for pyrolysis of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymer waste

An installation for pyrolyzing divided solids, such as waste plastics, rubbers, or elastomers. The installation has a device for making divided solids suitable for facilitating pyrolysis by a pyrolysis reactor. The reactor inlet is leak-tightly connected to the preconditioning device and has at least one heating transfer member for transferring the divided solids within the reactor while also pyrolyzing the solids. The member is a conveyor screw or a vibrating tube, and being made of a material that is associated with means for heating it by the Joule effect. The preconditioning device includes liquefaction means for bringing the substance to the outlet of the preconditioning device in a liquid state at an outlet temperature, and a regulator for regulating the temperature of the substance at the outlet from the preconditioning device as a function of a temperature representative of an inlet temperature of the reactor.

Oil, method and apparatus

A thermolysis oil derived from textile is described. The oil comprises an N-heterocyclic aromatic compound and/or a substituted derivative thereof in an amount of at least 2 wt. %. Also described is a method of providing a thermolysis oil, a feeder ( 100 ) for an apparatus ( 1 ) for thermolysing a textile, an apparatus ( 1 ) for thermolysing a textile and a use of waste textile.

DISTILLATION UNIT FOR CARBON-BASED FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEM

An apparatus for distillation of feedstock. Including a distillation chamber with an inlet for receiving feedstock and an outlet for discharging feedstock, and a plate for supporting the feedstock in the distillation chamber. The plate is positioned parallel to a substantially horizontal plane across a portion of the distillation chamber, and defines a plurality of transverse apertures extending transversely across a substantial portion of the width of the plate. A plurality of heating rods is included for insertion into the apertures of the plate to heat the plate. The apparatus also includes a conveyor enclosed within the distillation chamber and extending longitudinally across the distillation chamber, the conveyor having a plurality of paddles attached thereto that, when driven by the conveyor, move proximate and parallel, to the plate to agitate feedstock on the plate, and to drive the feedstock from the inlet to the outlet of the distillation chamber. 1. An apparatus for distillation of feedstock , comprising:a substantially enclosed distillation chamber with an inlet for receiving feedstock and an outlet for discharging feedstock;a plate enclosed within the distillation chamber for supporting the feedstock in the distillation chamber, the plate positioned parallel to a substantially horizontal plane across a portion of the distillation chamber, the plate defining a plurality of transverse apertures extending transversely across a substantial portion of the width of the plate;a plurality of heating rods for insertion into the apertures of the plate to heat the plate;a conveyor enclosed within the distillation chamber and extending longitudinally across the distillation chamber, the conveyor having a plurality of paddles attached thereto that, when driven by the conveyor, move proximate and parallel to the plate to agitate feedstock on the plate, and to drive the feedstock from the inlet to the outlet of the distillation chamber.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , ...

Carbide producing method and carbide producing device

A carbide producing method for carbonizing a woody biomass to produce a carbide includes a pyrolysis process in which the woody biomass is pyrolyzed and carbonized, an LHV calculating process in which an LHV of the carbide which is a carbonized woody biomass is calculated, and a supplied heat amount control process in which an amount of heat supplied per unit time to the woody biomass in the pyrolysis process on the basis of the calculated LHV is controlled.

PROCESS, APPARATUS, CONTROLLER AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

A process and an apparatus for pyrolysis of mixed plastic feedstock producing petroleum products are described. In one example, a process for producing petroleum products includes charging feedstock of mixed polymer materials into a reactor apparatus. Heat energy is applied to the feedstock while advancing the feedstock through the reactor apparatus in an anaerobic operation. The energy input to the reactor apparatus is controlled by controlling a temperature gradient within the reactor vessel to produce petroleum gas product. The process involves in situ chemical reactions comprising cracking and recombination reactions that that are controlled to convert solid hydrocarbonaceous portion of the feedstock to molten fluids and gases inside the reactor vessel and to produce gaseous petroleum products which exit the reactor vessel. The separated solid residue from the pyrolysis process is also removed from the reactions vessel. 1. A reactor apparatus comprising:a pyrolytic reactor vessel for producing a petroleum gas product from a polymer feedstock; said reactor having a free volume of at least about 60% based upon the amount of said polymer feedstock in said reactor, said reactor having a screw for advancing said feedstock through said reactor;an outer shroud that substantially surrounds the reactor vessel;one or more inner walls that extend between said outer shroud and said pyrolytic reactor vessel and define a plurality of fluid channels along the horizontal length and along the exterior of said reactor vessel within said shroud, said fluid channels capable of containing a heated gas exchange medium therein; andsaid heated gas exchange medium being capable of heating said reactor vessel and cracking and reforming said feedstock and forming said petroleum gas product in said reactor.2. The reactor apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of said inner walls that extend between said outer shroud and the reactor vessel; wherein said reactor has a plurality of ...

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS USING A FORCED-EXHAUST METAL FURNACE AND MECHANISMS DEVELOPED FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PRODUCING COAL, FUEL GAS, PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT AND TAR

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyrolgneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions 111248921128131415121216172122233637a. Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concurrent production of coal , fuel gas , pyroligneous extract and tar , which consists of a metallic furnace provided with specific mechanisms for optimization of the production process , characterized in that it is metallic container with capacity metal container with charging capacity between 35 and 65 m3 , preferably about 50 m3 of wood or biomass () , with a cone roof (R) , which functions as top cover () provided with pressure relief () and devices for cover fixing ( and ); cylindrical body (R) provided with 28 holes in the side area with flow control () , 4 tubes for injection of air in the interior of the charge , 4 points of side ignition () , ...

CONVERSION OF POLYMER CONTAINING MATERIALS TO PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Systems and methods achieve the conversion of polymer containing material into petroleum products such as hydrocarbon gas, wax, crude oil and diesel. The reactor and its system are designed to subject the polymer containing material to pyrolysis in a way that results in a higher petroleum product yield than conventional existing systems. The system has controls which allow for the heating temperature, rotation of the body, and throughput rate, to be adjusted depending on the reaction time required for the material inside the reactor. The condensing system is able to separate the products into the desired petroleum products by percentage output ranging from wax to crude-like oil to diesel-quality oil. 1. An apparatus to convert polymer containing materials into petroleum products , the apparatus comprises:a generally horizontal reactor body that has an inlet at the first end, at least one outlet at the other end and which is sealed on both ends, wherein the cylindrical body is inclined up to 30% from the inlet to the outlet;a controller configured to adjust the revolutions per minute of the cylindrical body depending on the reaction needs;a heating source disposed adjacent to the reactor body to apply external heating along one or more sides of the reactor body between the inlet and the outlet; andone or more internal scrapers disposed inside of the cylindrical body, wherein each scraper is configured to promote directional movement of materials within the cylindrical body.2. An apparatus as in claim 1 , further comprising a mechanism configured to adjust the incline of the cylindrical body at different sloped angles during operation of the cylindrical body.3. An apparatus as in claim 1 , further comprising a rotator mechanism configured to control rotation of the cylindrical body.4. An apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the controllers further comprise feedback controls that provide guidance as to conditions required to vary yields of desired products from the ...

PROCESSING ORGANIC MATERIALS

A method and an apparatus for pyrolysing a solid organic feed material are disclosed. Solid organic material is moved through a reaction chamber and exposed to a temperature profile within the chamber that dries and pyrolyses the organic material and releases water vapour and a volatile products gas phase. The water vapour phase and the volatile products gas phase are moved counter-current to the solid organic material so that the water vapour phase and condensable components of the volatile products gas phase condense in cooler upstream sections of the chamber and form a liquid water product and a separate liquid oil product. The liquid water product is discharged via an outlet along the length of the chamber and a dried and pyrolysed solid product is discharged from a downstream outlet in the chamber. 1. A method for pyrolysing a solid organic feed material which comprises:(a) supplying the solid organic feed material to an inlet of a pyrolysis reaction chamber;(b) moving the solid organic material through the reaction chamber from the inlet to a downstream end of the chamber and exposing the organic material to a temperature profile within the chamber that dries and pyrolyses the organic material and releases water vapour and a volatile products gas phase from the organic material as the organic material moves through the chamber;(c) moving the water vapour phase and the volatile products gas phase produced by heating the solid organic material in step (b) through the reaction chamber in a direction counter to that of the solid organic material so that the water vapour phase and condensable components of the volatile products gas phase condense in cooler upstream sections of the chamber and form a liquid water product and a separate liquid oil product; and(d) discharging the liquid water product via an outlet along the length of the chamber and a dried and pyrolysed solid product from a downstream outlet in the chamber.2. The method defined in wherein step (b) ...

Material Transfer System

A material transfer system for transferring material into or out of a pyrolysis system is described. The system includes a first conduit comprising a first inlet and a first outlet. a store, and a second conduit comprising a second inlet and a second outlet. The first conduit is configured to receive, at the first inlet, the material and transfer the material, through the first outlet, to the store. The store is configured to store the material. The second conduit is configured to: receive, at the second inlet, the material, transfer the material, and output the material through the second outlet.

METHODS OF THERMAL PROCESSING

There is disclosed a vertical vibratory thermal treatment system, comprising a heating section for thermally treating material, a retort section that is located within or connected to the heating section and includes at least one elevator system for vertically moving the material to the heating section. The disclosed elevator system is isolated from other parts of the thermal treatment section by an enclosure thereby allowing for flexibility and simplicity in the design of the retort section. There is also disclosed a method of treating materials, including hazardous or radioactive materials, such as a powder, sand, granule, gravel, agglomerate or other form of particle or combinations thereof, using the system described herein. 1. A vertical vibratory thermal treatment system , comprising:a heating section for thermally treating particulate containing material;a retort section that is connected to or located within the heating section and includes at least one elevator system for vertically moving the material to the heating section; andat least one vibratory motor that transmits the material located in the retort section to the heating section.2. The vertical vibratory thermal treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the retort section is located within an insulated furnace shell.3. The vertical vibratory thermal treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one inlet located at the bottom of the retort for introducing material to be processed and at least one outlet located at the top of the retort for removing the material that was processed from the retort section.4. The vertical vibratory thermal treatment system of claim 3 , further comprising at least one diverter valve located at the outlet.5. The vertical vibratory thermal treatment system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one diverter valve assists in the recirculation of materials within the retort.6. The vertical vibratory thermal treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the material to be ...

IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO PYROLYSIS REACTOR SYSTEMS

A pyrolysis reactor system includes a reactor and a contactor mounted above the reactor. The reactor has a shell, an inlet and an outlet. A central shaft runs along its axis and supports agitation blades in a counter-helical arrangement, and an auger. Rotation of the auger in one direction feeds feedstock into the vessel, and in the opposite direction removes char at the end of a batch. The contactor includes four elements with a frusto-conical part supported on vertical support arms, and being connected to a disc by legs. The contactor elements allow short chains to pass through apertures while long chains condense on their surfaces or on the vessel wall surface. There is dynamic tuning of carbon number of gases flowing downstream by active temperature and pressure control at the contactor. 1. A pyrolysis reactor system comprising a reactor and a contactor mounted above the reactor , wherein the contactor comprises at least one contactor element mounted within a vessel having a wall with an internal surface and being arranged for flow of long-chain gas components back into the reactor ,wherein the contactor elements include at least one perforated element which is sloped upwardly and radially towards the vessel wall, wherein:the vessel has a jacket surrounding the contactor element or elements, andsaid jacket has a lower inlet and an upper outlet and a pump for pumping a heat exchange fluid into and around the jacket,at least one perforated contactor element has a frusto-conical shaped component, with its apex facing downwards towards the reactor, in which an upper edge is adjacent said internal surface and there is a baffle plate mounted below the apex, andthe reactor system further comprises a temperature controller configured to pump coolant into the jacket inlet at a temperature chosen according to desired carbon chain length condensation within the contactor, and a pressure controller configured to control pressure in the contactor according to said desired ...

CONVERTER FOR ORGANIC MATERIALS

A continuous converter for pyrolysing or otherwise processing biomass or other solid organic feed materials includes a reaction chamber () for producing a solid carbon-containing product and a gas product and optionally a liquid water product via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms from a solid organic feed material. The chamber has an inlet () for supplying a solid organic feed material to the chamber and separate outlets () for the solid carbon-containing product and the gas product produced in the reaction chamber. The inlet and the solid carbon-containing product outlet are configured so that the solid materials in the inlet and in the outlet form respective gas seals in the inlet and the outlet. 1. An apparatus for pyrolysing or otherwise processing a solid organic feed material includes:(a) a reaction chamber having an upstream end, a downstream end, an inlet for the organic feed material, and separate outlets for a gas product and a dried and pyrolysed solid carbon-containing product produced from the organic feed material in the chamber; and(b) an assembly for moving the organic material through the reaction chamber from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the chamber counter-current to a flow of gas produced in the chamber.2. The apparatus defined in includes an outlet for a liquid water product.3. The apparatus defined in includes a device for supplying the solid feed material to the reaction chamber that is configured so that the solid material in the inlet forms a gas seal.4. The apparatus defined in wherein the device is configured for compressing material within the device to form the gas seal.5. The apparatus defined in wherein the device includes two screws on the same axis claim 4 , with the screws being adapted to counter-rotate with respect to each other claim 4 , and an axial gap between the screws in which feed material is compressed in use of the device.6. The apparatus defined in wherein each screw is independently driven by a ...

Apparatus for Producing Hybrid Carbon Black Particles

The invention relates to a process for producing hybrid carbon black particles (), which comprises the steps: a) production of first carbon black starting particles (); b) production of second carbon black starting particles (); c) milling of the second carbon black starting particles (); d) mixing of the second carbon black starting particles () into a particle stream () of the first carbon black starting particles (); and d) pelletization of the first and second carbon black starting particles () to form hybrid carbon black particles (). The invention further relates to an apparatus () for producing hybrid carbon black particles () and to hybrid carbon black particles () produced by means of the process or the apparatus (). 112. A process for producing hybrid carbon black particles () , comprising the steps of:{'b': '16', 'a) providing first carbon black base particles ();'}{'b': '22', 'b) providing second carbon black base particles ();'}{'b': '22', 'c) grinding the second carbon black base particles ();'}{'b': 22', '48', '16, 'd) mixing the second carbon black base particles () into a particle stream () of the first carbon black base particles (); and'}{'b': 16', '22', '12, 'd) pelletizing the first and second carbon black base particles (, ) to give hybrid carbon black particles ().'}2. The process as claimed in claim 1 ,characterized in that the following steps are conducted in step a):{'b': 18', '36, 'a1) burning a carbon base material in a combustion oven (), preferably in a stream of a gas/air mixture () at combustion temperatures between 1200° C. and 1800° C.;'}{'b': '16', 'a2) rapidly cooling a combustion product stream that forms in step a1), so as to form the first carbon black base particles ().'}3. The process as claimed in claim 2 ,{'b': '16', 'characterized in that a predetermined mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture and the combustion temperature to achieve predetermined qualities of the first carbon black base particles (), especially a particle ...

TWO-STAGE BIOMASS PYROLYSIS

The present disclosure relates generally to a two-stage biomass pyrolysis processes that maximize pyrolysis vapor yield from a lignocellulosic biomass while being conducive to commercial-scale throughput of biomass. A lignocellulosic feedstock is first pyrolyzed in a reactor first stage comprising at least one auger at a temperature and residence time that produces pyrolysis vapors derived predominantly from cellulose and hemi-cellulose fractions of the feedstock. Partially-pyrolyzed feedstock from the reactor first stage is then pyrolyzed in a reactor second stage at a higher temperature for an additional residence time to produce additional pyrolysis vapors that are predominantly derived from lignin. Certain embodiments arrange multiple reactor first stages around a single reactor second stage. 1. A process for pyrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass in a two-stage pyrolysis reactor , comprising the steps of:a) pyrolyzing a lignocellulosic feedstock in a reactor first stage that is maintained at a temperature from 315° C. to 400° C., wherein the reactor first stage comprises at least one auger that conveys the lignocellulosic biomass feedstock through the reactor first stage from a first end portion toward a second end portion, for a lignocellulosic feedstock residence time ranging from 5 to 20 seconds, thereby producing a first product comprising a first condensable pyrolysis vapors and a first solids comprising partially-pyrolyzed feedstock and char;b) passing the first product out of the reactor first stage via an interface located near the second end portion of the reactor first stage and directly into a reactor second stage that is maintained at a temperature in the range from 401° C. to 700° C.;c) pyrolyzing the partially-pyrolyzed feedstock in the reactor second stage for a second feedstock residence time in the range from 30 seconds to 120 seconds to form a second condensable pyrolysis vapors that mixes with the first condensable pyrolysis vapors, and to form a ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL PRODUCTION, HYDROCARBON CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, AND AEROSOL CAPTURE

Methods, systems, and devices for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture are provided. For example, a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius such that the C—O—H compound reacts through a non-oxidation reaction to generate at least a hydrocarbon compound that may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be a liquid when at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The C—O—H compound may include biomass. In some cases, the hydrocarbon compound produced through the non-oxidation reaction includes a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound at least as it is produced or cools. Some embodiments include aerosol capture methods, systems, and devices, which may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through a material in a liquid phase in order to gather the aerosol material. 1. A system for direct production of liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical comprising:a non-oxidation reaction chamber configured to heat a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius such that the C—O—H compound reacts through a non-oxidation reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound that is at least a component of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel or the hydrocarbon chemical.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-oxidation reaction comprises a pyrolysis reaction.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a liquid when at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.4. The system of claims 1 , wherein the non-oxidation reaction chamber comprises a tube furnace.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the tube furnace includes a material composition that includes at least a high-nickel metal alloy.6. The system of claim 4 , further comprising an auger configured to effect continuous motion of material containing the C—O—H compound into and ...

HYBRID PYROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD

A system and method for performing pyrolysis comprises a reactor through which organic material is conveyed from an upstream end toward a downstream end and within which said pyrolysis will occur; a combustion chamber fluidically connected to the downstream end of the reactor; an output pipe fluidically connected to the downstream end of the reactor; a capsule surrounding a first part of the reactor and into an internal portion of which heated thermal fluids are disposed for heating the first part of said reactor; and a plurality of electrical resistors disposed around a second part of the reactor for heating the second part of the reactor; whereby, as a result of the pyrolysis occurring within the reactor, the syngas is conducted toward the combustion chamber while the carbonized material is conducted outwardly from the reactor through the output pipe. 1. A system for performing pyrolysis of organic material into syngas and carbonized material , comprising:a reactor through which organic material is conveyed from an upstream end toward a downstream end and within which said pyrolysis will occur;a combustion chamber fluidically connected to said downstream end of said reactor;an output pipe fluidically connected to said downstream end of said reactor;a capsule surrounding a first part of said reactor and into an internal portion of which heated thermal fluids are disposed for heating said first part of said reactor; anda plurality of electrical resistors disposed around a second part of said reactor for heating said second part of said reactor;whereby, as a result of said pyrolysis occurring within said reactor, said syngas is conducted toward said combustion chamber while said carbonized material is conducted outwardly from said reactor through said output pipe.2. The system as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising:an electricity generation module, fluidically connected to said combustion chamber, for producing electricity as a result of said combustion of said ...

Updraft gasifier and method, apparatus, and system for biomass decomposition

A method, system, and apparatus for decomposing a biomass feedstock include providing a layer of inert particulate matter, such as sand, to line and insulate the bottom surface of a main chamber of a reactor where pyrolysis and oxidation are conducted to produce char and producer gases as primary products. In an embodiment, feedstock positioned in a side region of the reaction chamber insulates side walls of the main chamber from heat in the center region of the main chamber. In an embodiment of the method, a rate of removal of solid products such as char from the reactor is controlled in response to a temperature detected at a position of an extraction tube inlet of the reactor. Activated charcoal may be obtained as a primary product using the system and method, by feeding oxygen into the reactor at an inlet positioned adjacent to an inlet to the extraction chamber.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REFINING OIL FROM TIRE

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for refining oil from tire, the apparatus includes a box body, an upper transmission channel, an upper transmission device, a lower transmission channel, a lower transmission device, a molten salt storage container, and a heat-conduction oil storage container, where the upper transmission channel is located above the lower transmission channel, a molten salt liquid channel and a heat-conduction oil channel are respectively disposed on an outside wall of the upper transmission channel and that of the lower transmission channel, the upper transmission channel includes an upper transmission channel inlet and an upper transmission channel outlet, and the heated molten salt liquid passes through the molten salt liquid channel and then flows back to the molten salt storage container; and the heated heat-conduction oil passes through the heat-conduction oil channel and then flows back to the heat-conduction oil storage container. 1. An apparatus for refining oil from tire , comprising a box body , an upper transmission channel , an upper transmission device , a lower transmission channel , a lower transmission device , a molten salt storage container , and a heat-conduction oil storage container , wherein the upper transmission channel is located above the lower transmission channel; a molten salt liquid channel and a heat-conduction oil channel are respectively disposed on an outside wall of the upper transmission channel and that of the lower transmission channel; the upper transmission channel comprises an upper transmission channel inlet and an upper transmission channel outlet; the lower transmission channel comprises a lower transmission channel inlet and a lower transmission channel outlet; the upper transmission channel outlet is connected to the lower transmission channel inlet; the upper transmission device is configured to transmit an object from the upper transmission channel inlet to the upper transmission channel outlet; ...

Process, Apparatus, Controller and System for Producing Petroleum Products

A process and an apparatus for pyrolysis of mixed plastic feedstock producing petroleum products are described. In one example, a process for producing petroleum products includes charging feedstock of mixed polymer materials into a reactor apparatus. Heat energy is applied to the feedstock while advancing the feedstock through the reactor apparatus in an anaerobic operation. The energy input to the reactor apparatus is controlled by controlling a temperature gradient within the reactor vessel to produce petroleum gas product. The process involves in situ chemical reactions comprising cracking and recombination reactions that that are controlled to convert solid hydrocarbonaceous portion of the feedstock to molten fluids and gases inside the reactor vessel and to produce gaseous petroleum products which exit the reactor vessel. The separated solid residue from the pyrolysis process is also removed from the reactions vessel. 1. A process for producing petroleum products comprising:charging feedstock comprising mixed polymer materials into a reactor vessel of a reactor apparatus;applying heat energy to reactor vessel and converting feedstock to molten material while advancing the molten material through the reactor apparatus in an anaerobic operation; andcontrolling the energy input to the reactor vessel and controlling a temperature gradient within the reactor vessel to produce a petroleum gas product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the free volume of the reactor vessel is at least about 40%.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process contains no added catalyst.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is semi-continuous or continuous process and wherein the composition of the feedstock varies during the process.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is semi-continuous or continuous process and wherein the feed rate of the feedstock varies during the process.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature gradient is the temperature ...

PLASMA ARC CARBONIZER

A system and method for plasma arc anaerobic thermal conversion processing is provided to convert waste into bio-gas; bio-oil; carbonized materials; non-organic ash, and varied further co-products. The system and process supports a variety of processes, including to make, without limitation, carbon, carbon-based inks and dyes, activated carbon, aerogels, bio-coke, and bio-char, as well as generate electricity, produce adjuncts for natural gas, and/or various aromatic oils, phenols, and other liquids, all depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters which can result in the automatic re-configuration of the system to adjust its output co-products to reflect changing market conditions. Plasma arc carbonizer off-gases produced during carbonization are supplied to a controlled heated column for refining and recovery of the carbonizer hot gases into distillates. 1. A system for treating waste , the system comprising:at least one plasma arc unit;a carbonizer heated by said at least one plasma arc units and adapted to convert the waste to a useable product and resultant hot gases; anda thermal oxidizer in gaseous communication with said carbonizer to receive the resultant hot gases.2. The system of wherein the waste includes at least one of municipal solid waste claim 1 , infectious medical waste claim 1 , or bitumen that optionally contains non-reactive inorganics.3. The system of wherein said carbonizer employs anaerobic thermal conversion processing to treat the waste.4. The system of wherein said carbonizer comprises a thermo-chemical reactor that is one of a drag-chain reactor claim 1 , batch reactor claim 1 , continuous-stirred-tank reactor claim 1 , rotating drum claim 1 , thermal oxidizers claim 1 , or plug-in reactor.5. The system of wherein said carbonizer operates under a reduced pressure of a partial or complete vacuum.6. The system of wherein said at least one ...

PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS

Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock. 1. A method comprising:delivering a feedstock to a main retort that is disposed within a combustion chamber containing one or more burners;utilizing the burners to generate hot flue gases and thereby at least partially pyrolyze the feedstock, generating syngas; anddrawing the flue gases and syngas into a mixing chamber by applying a negative pressure to the main retort and combustion chamber.2. The method of further comprising:exhausting the flue gases from the combustion chamber through a flue gas relief duct having a first end in sealing fluid communication with the combustion chamber and a second end in fluid communication with the mixing chamber; andexhausting the syngas from the main retort through a syngas relief duct disposed within the flue gas relief duct, the syngas relief duct having a first end in fluid communication with the main retort and a second end in fluid communication with the mixing chamber.3. The method of wherein a long axis of the syngas relief duct is disposed generally perpendicular to a horizontal plane taken through a long axis of the main retort.4. The method of wherein a long axis of the flue gas relief duct is also disposed generally perpendicular to the horizontal plane. This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/365,633, filed Nov. 30, 2016, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/196,645, filed Jun. 29, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,534,175, granted on Jan. 3, 2017, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/105,832, filed Dec. 13, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,394,484, granted on Jul. 19, 2016, ...

PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS

Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock. 1. A pyrolysis device comprising:a combustion chamber containing one or more burners configured to generate hot flue gases;a main retort, disposed within the combustion chamber, configured to at least partially pyrolyze a feedstock delivered to the retort, thereby generating syngas;a syngas relief conduit, into which syngas flows from the main retort;a flue gas relief duct, into which flue gas is exhausted from the combustion chamber, the flue gas relief duct being separate from the combustion chamber and having a first end in sealing fluid communication with the combustion chamber;wherein the syngas relief duct is disposed within the flue gas relief duct; anda mixing chamber, into which the syngas flows from the syngas relief duct and the flue gas flows from the flue gas relief duct.2. The device of wherein a long axis of the syngas relief duct is disposed generally perpendicular to a horizontal plane taken through a long axis of the main retort.3. The device of wherein a long axis of the flue gas relief duct is also disposed generally perpendicular to the horizontal plane.4. The device of further comprising a mixing baffle and distribution cone within the mixing chamber claim 1 , configured to direct gas outwardly within the mixing chamber.5. The device of further comprising a combustion gas inlet and an afterburner element positioned downstream of the distribution cone.6. The device of further comprising a secondary retort in fluid communication with the retort and configured to receive solid residues from the main retort.7. The device of wherein the secondary retort is mounted on expansion rollers to ...

Multi-Level Furnace and Method for Thermal Treatment of a Material Flow

The invention relates to a multi-level furnace for thermal treatment of the material flow which has at least two process chambers arranged one above another, each providing at least two level floors, and is equipped with one or more transfer devices for transferring the treated material flow from an upper process chamber to a lower process chamber. In order to separate the two process chambers in terms of gas flow, the transfer device has means for forming a material column in the transition region between the upper and the lower process spaces, wherein said means for forming a material column comprise at least one conveying unit or at least one chute, and the at least one conveying unit or at least one chute also forms a material removal device for the upper process chamber and/or a material input device for the lower process chamber. 1. A multi-level furnace for the thermal treatment of a material flow comprising:at least two process chambers arranged one above the other, which respectively have at least two floors for the levels, andone or more transfer devices for transferring the treated material flow from an upper process chamber to a lower process chamber, the two process chambers being gastightly separated from one another,wherein the transfer device has for the gastight separation of the two process chambers a column of material in the transitional region between the upper process chamber and the lower process chamber, the column of material formed by at least one delivery unit or at least one chute and the at least one delivery unit or at least one chute or a slider at the same time forming a material output device for the upper process chamber and/or a material input device for the lower process chamber.2. The multi-level furnace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least three process chambers arranged one above the other and at least two delivery units are provided claim 1 , the two delivery units being connected to one another in such a way that at least ...

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF RAW MATERIAL CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The invention relates to the field of organic substance processing, in particular to the method for processing the shredded wood waste, plant industry products, food industry waste, livestock and poultry waste. Products obtained during the thermal processing of organo-containing raw materials can be used as a fuel. The method comprises drying, hermetic supply of raw materials to the pyrolysis reactor, thermal decomposition of raw materials without air access in the pyrolysis reactor to produce solid products and vapour-gas mixture, the subsequent separation of it by condensation into liquid products and gaseous products. After drying, the organo-containing raw material before supply into the pyrolysis reactor is preheated to a temperature close to, but not exceeding the initiation temperature of thermal decomposition of the least thermally stable component of organo-containing materials Surfaces of the chamber are heated to a temperature which excludes the condensation of pyrolysis vapour-gas products, and raw material heating temperature is controlled by duration of stay in the preheating zone; Thermal decomposition is implemented in the form of the following successive stages occurring in corresponding zones of the pyrolysis reactor, having the possibility of independent temperature control: primary pyrolysis zone, vapour-gas mixture purification zone, secondary pyrolysis zone The installation for thermochemical conversion of organo-containing raw materials comprises a drying chamber, a hermetic raw material supply chamber, a pyrolysis reactor, a device for independent and elastic setting of the inclination angle of blades, a condensation unit. The pyrolysis reactor have a surface rotating with at least one blade and a rotation axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis reactor, and at least one ablation surface of circular or elliptical section, perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotating surface. The hermetic raw material supply chamber ...

Apparatus for the treatment of granulated liquid slag in a horizontal furnace

Improvements to the gasifier furnace design and process method to facilitate continuous production of mainly H2, CO and granulated solid from molten liquid or the liquid slag in the presence of carbonaceous material. It is a method of quenching molten liquid and cooling post quenched hot granulated solid which is done within a long horizontal reaction chamber space of the furnace in the presence of C and H2O. A moving layer of continuously gas cooled granulated solid protects the moving floor underneath by substantially reducing the possibility of heat transfer from the horizontal reaction chamber to such moving floor and its parts and preventing direct contact between the post quenched hot solid granulates and such moving floor. Such moving floor having plurality of gas passages and is disposed above a plenum that receives gas from outside source and uniformly distributes the gas to pass through all the gas passages.

Compact Fast Pyrolysis System for Conversion of Carbonaceous Materials to Liquid, Solid and Gas

An apparatus for pyrolysis of organic material biomass, including: i) a first, horizontal auger tube having inlet for a heat carrier and a second inlet for biomass; and a first outlet for pyrolysis gas and a second outlet for the heat carrier and transformed biomass; ii) a second, inclined auger tube having an inlet at or below the second outlet of the first auger tube, for receiving the heat carrier and transformed biomass from the second outlet of the first auger tube and an outlet at a level above the inlet thereof, the outlet communicating with the first inlet of the first auger tube to deliver heat carrier thereto. 1. An apparatus for pyrolysis of organic material biomass , comprising:i) a first, horizontal auger tube having a first inlet for a heat carrier and a second inlet for biomass; and a first outlet for pyrolysis gas and a second outlet for said heat carrier and transformed biomass;ii) said first auger tube containing an auger with a first section between said first inlet and said second inlet, and a second section between said second inlet and said second outlet, the first auger section having a pitch of between 25% and 75% auger diameter, and the second auger section having a pitch greater than that of the first section, whereby heat carrier deposited in the auger via the first inlet will be at a lower level in the second section, to permit the deposit of biomass in the auger at the second inlet;iii) the first section of the first auger providing a vapor seal to prevent the escape of gas at the first inlet;iv) a second, inclined auger tube having an inlet at or below the second outlet of said first auger tube, to receive the heat carrier and transformed biomass from the second outlet of the first auger tube, and having an auger therein;v) the inclination of the second auger tube resulting in the second auger being full, to maintain a seal against the back flow of gas; andvi) an outlet for the second auger at a level above the inlet thereof, said ...

MOLECULAR PYRODISAGGREGATOR

A molecular pyrodisaggregation system having a loading column for loading materials to be disaggregated into the pyrodisaggregator, a thermal propeller for generating hot fumes to circulate in the pyrodisaggregator, and a condenser connected to an exit from the pyrodisaggregator for cooling gases from the pyrodisaggregator. The pyrodisaggregator has a furnace having a furnace wall defining a chamber within the furnace, a fuser tube within the furnace chamber, a channel within the furnace chamber between the fuser tube and the furnace wall, an Archimedes screw within the fuser tube for moving material to be disaggregated through the furnace, a first exit for inert materials from the fuser tube, a second exit for gases from the fuser tube, and a third exit for fumes circulating through the channel in the furnace. 1. A molecular pyrodisaggregation system comprising: a furnace, said furnace having a chamber;', 'a fuser tube within said furnace chamber;', 'an Archimedes screw within said fuser tube for moving material to be disaggregated through said fuser tube;', 'a first furnace exit for inert materials from said fuser tube;', 'a second furnace exit for gases from said fuser tube; and', 'a third furnace exit from fumes circulating through said furnace chamber;, 'a pyrodisaggregator, said pyrodisaggregator comprising 'said fuser tube is connected to said first exit and said second exit;', 'wherein'}a loading column connected to said pyrodisaggregator for loading materials to be disaggregated into said fuser tube in said furnace;a thermal propeller connected to said furnace, wherein hot fumes from said thermal propeller circulate in said chamber in said furnace around said fuser tube; anda condenser connected to said second exit.2. A molecular pyrodisaggregation system according to claim 1 , wherein said condenser comprises:an entry dome connected to said second exit from said furnace for receiving gases from said pyrodisaggregator;a cold water chamber surrounding said ...

DEVICE IN THE FORM OF A ROTATING THERMOLYSIS REACTOR AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A REACTOR OF THIS KIND IN AN ARRANGEMENT FOR THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF BY-PRODUCTS AND WASTE

The invention relates to apparatus in the form of a rotary thermolysis reactor and a method for operating the reactor for the thermal decomposition of by-products and waste. The reactor includes a tubular outer jacket with covers closing its ends, an interior chamber, a shaft mounted centrally in the covers, feed devices and discharge devices which are placed at the start and the end of the shaft, respectively, inside an interior chamber, wherein helical coil runners are fixed to the shaft and gasification agents are applied to the material being thermolyzed, via gasification shafts in the lower section of the tubular outer jacket. 1. A rotary thermolysis reactor , comprising a tubular outer jacket with covers closing ends thereof , the respective ends being proximate respective feed and discharge areas of the reactor , an interior chamber within the outer jacket , a shaft supported centrally in the covers , feed devices and discharge devices mounted on the shaft at feed and discharge ends , respectively , of the shaft inside the interior chamber , helical coil runners fixed to the shaft , a drive for rotating the shaft and therewith the feed and discharge devices and the helical runners , and a feed unit configured to feed into the interior chamber material to be thermolyzed by the thermolysis reactor , wherein the feed device is mounted on a shaft within effective range of the helical coil runners and vertically directly below the feed unit.2. The rotary thermolysis reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the helical coil runners have a spiral configuration and are arranged claim 1 , as one unit or as a plurality of units claim 1 , close to a cylindrical wall of the interior chamber defined by an inner wall of the exterior jacket and have a square claim 1 , rectangular claim 1 , round or oval cross-section.3. (canceled)4. The rotary thermolysis reactor according to claim 2 , wherein both the feed devices and the discharge devices are arranged as one unit or as a ...

Hermetically sealed flow-through reactor for non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste

A hermetically sealed flow-through reactor for non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste into a char product, the reactor having an internal cylindrical surface, and the reactor including: one or more thermal reaction zones arranged between the inlet and the outlet, wherein each zone is provided with: one or more heating elements controllable to heat the zone to an operating temperature, and one or more gas outlets for withdrawing gas or gases evolved during the degradation of the rubber; and a screw auger located within the reactor, the screw augur configured to rotate in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate and transport the rubber containing waste to the outlet, wherein fighting on the screw auger tracks the internal cylindrical surface of the reactor in close relationship to minimise or prevent the transport of material through a clearance space between outer edges of the fighting and the internal cylindrical surface of the reactor.

PROCESS FOR THE THERMAL DEGRADATION OF RUBBER CONTAINING WASTE

A process for the non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste including: transporting the rubber containing waste along a horizontal axis of a hermetically sealed cylindrical reactor including: an inlet and an outlet, one or more thermal reaction zones arranged between the inlet and the outlet, wherein each zone is provided with: one or more heating elements controllable to heat the zone to an operating temperature, and one or more gas outlets for withdrawing volatile gas or gases evolved during the thermal degradation; and a screw auger located within the reactor, the screw augur configured to rotate in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate and transport the rubber containing waste through the reaction zones and to the outlet; heating the said waste, in the one or more thermal zones, to a temperature above the degradation temperature of rubber for a time sufficient to produce the volatile gas or gases and the char product. 1. A process for the non-oxidative thermal degradation of a rubber containing waste including: an inlet and an outlet,', one or more heating elements controllable to heat the thermal reaction zone to an operating temperature for mediating the non-oxidative thermal degradation of rubber in the rubber containing waste, and', 'one or more gas outlets for withdrawing volatile gas or gases evolved during the non-oxidative thermal degradation of the rubber; and, 'one or more thermal reaction zones arranged between the inlet and the outlet, wherein each thermal reaction zone is provided with, 'a screw auger located within the reactor, the screw augur configured to rotate in both the forward and reverse directions to agitate and transport the rubber containing waste through the one or more thermal reaction zones in both the forward and reverse directions and to the outlet;, 'transporting the rubber containing waste along a horizontal axis of a hermetically sealed cylindrical reactor includingheating the rubber containing ...

PYROLYSIS APPARATUS

Pyrolysis apparatus () for processing shredded waste material, such as plastic and/or rubber waste, in which apparatus the material is processed continuously in a pyrolysis apparatus () that includes a feed device (), a reactor () and an outlet portion () that have been equipped with conveyors, such as screw conveyors, and that can be used continuously. The screw () of the feed device () is at least partially placed in a liquid (), which forms an air trap to prevent air from entering into the reactor. The outlet portion has a condensing collecting canopy () which is used to condense into liquid and recover the vapour formed in the reactor. 110102030405010. Pyrolysis apparatus () for processing shredded waste material , such as plastic and/or rubber waste , which pyrolysis apparatus () includes a feed device () , a pyrolysis reactor () , an outlet portion () and a gas collector () , characterised in that the pyrolysis apparatus () is continuous and the pyrolysis apparatus's{'b': 20', '23', '22, 'feed device () includes a conveyor, such as a screw conveyor screw () that is at least partially placed in a liquid (), which forms an air trap to prevent air from entering into the reactor,'}{'b': 30', '32', '33, 'pyrolysis reactor () has a conveyor, such as a conveyor screw (), for moving the material and heating resistors () for heating the reactor, and'}{'b': 20', '42', '45, 'outlet portion () has a conveyor, such as a discharge screw (), and a condensing collecting canopy () which is used to condense into liquid and recover the vapour formed in the reactor.'}210202324. Pyrolysis apparatus () according to claim 1 , characterised in that the conveyor of the feed device () claim 1 , such as a screw conveyor screw () claim 1 , has been arranged to compress the feed material such that at least part of the liquid transported with the material falls into the gutter () of the screw conveyor and flows back into the liquid contained in the feed bin.310202324. Pyrolysis apparatus ...

RECYCLING AND MATERIAL RECOVERY SYSTEM

The present invention relates to recycling tires and the like utilizing a microwave service controlling the pressure from such a process enables a more even temperature and helps prevent the build-up of explosive gas. 1. An improved process for reducing an organic-containing solid material into lower molecular gaseous hydrocarbons , liquid hydrocarbons and solid carbon constituents utilizing a microwave oven system , the improvement comprising:a) utilizing a ring vacuum pump to remove gasses from the microwave system;b) positioning at least two sources of microwaves in parallel alignment in a ceiling of the system, each source which feeds bifurcated waves into a leaky wave guide diffuser; andc) utilizing a replaceable solid medium forced air dry system to remove impurities in the solid material.2. The process according to wherein the solid carbon constituents are removed utilizing a high heat auger utilizing a gas purging collar.3. The process according to wherein a purging gas is nitrogen.4. The process according to wherein the high heat auger feeds to a liquid chilled auger.5. The process according to wherein an electromechanical separator drum is used to remove residual steel pieces.6. The process according to wherein any doors utilized to seal any produced gasses are at least ¾ inch thick flat aluminum doors which bolt on an inside of the system and seams of the doors are sealed by taping with woven fiberglass tape positioned as a gasket for the doors.7. The process according to wherein material is conveyed utilizing a metal or metal composite belt system.8. The process according to wherein material is conveyed utilizing a ceramic fiber cloth.9. The process according to wherein a nitrogen blanket is provided on any windows in the oven sufficient to prevent gasses produced in the process from condensing on the windows.10. An improved microwave oven system for reducing an organic-containing solid material into lower molecular gaseous hydrocarbons claim 1 , liquid ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ANAEROBIC PYROLYSIS TREATMENT OF DEAD-OF-DISEASE LIVESTOCK AND MUNICIPAL ORGANIC REFUSE

Disclosed is a method for anaerobic pyrolysis treatment of dead-of-disease livestock and municipal organic refuse, which uses an anaerobic pyrolysis device to perform a harmlessness treatment on dead-of-disease pigs, the treatment being a chemical reaction process performed in a sealed, oxygen-free, non-combustible, high-temperature state, comprising heating the bodies of pigs to a high temperature under an anaerobic state, and by the action of thermal decomposition through reactions such as vaporization, pyrolysis, dehydrogenation, thermal condensation and carbonization, evaporating the moisture from the pig bodies, converting the organics therein to combustible gases and organic carbon, and killing various types of bacteria in the bodies of the dead pigs via the high temperature. Thus, a harmlessness and reutilization treatment of the dead-of-disease livestock is achieved, and environmental pollution and propagation of fatal animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, highly pathogenic blue-ear pig disease and swine fever are avoided. Also disclosed is a device for realizing the above-mentioned method. 1. A device for anaerobic pyrolysis treatment of dead-of-disease livestock and municipal organic refuse , comprising:an anaerobic pyrolysis device, wherein an isolation room and an equipment room are sequentially disposed at one end of the anaerobic pyrolysis device, a dust collection room is disposed between the isolation room and the equipment room, an air outlet is disposed on the top of the dust collection room, and the air outlet is connected with a dedusting device; a power room is disposed at the other end of the anaerobic pyrolysis device, and a combustion chamber of the anaerobic pyrolysis device is disposed between the power room and the equipment room;an anaerobic pyrolysis chamber is disposed inside the combustion chamber, a conveying pipeline is disposed at one end and a driving cylinder is disposed at the other ...