SYSTEM FOR AND METHOD OF USING ON-SITE EXCESS HEAT TO CONVERT CO2 EMISSIONS INTO HYDROCARBONS INCOME AT COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

A solution is provided for COand other green houses gas reduction at the Coal Fired Power Plants (CFPP). The methods and devices disclosed herein provide an inexpensive source of hydrogen and a hydrogen generating system powered by on-site excess heat generated at the CFPP without producing additional COemission. 1. A system for producing hydrocarbon compounds comprising:a. a hydrogen producing unit;b. a furnace producing heat and carbon dioxide; andc. a hydrocarbon converter, wherein the hydrocarbon converter receives the carbon dioxide from the furnace and receives hydrogen from the hydrogen producing unit.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the furnace comprises a coal fired power plant.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the furnace comprises a coal-combustor.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a CO-to-methanol converter.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon converter comprises a methanol-to-gasoline converter.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the hydrocarbon converter receives hydrogen from the hydrogen producing unit.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon converter comprises a Fischer-Tropsch processing unit.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon converter comprises a paraffin producing unit.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon converter comprises a naphtha claim 1 , kerosene claim 1 , or diesel producing unit.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the furnace receives oxygen from the hydrogen producing unit.11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen producing unit generates hydrogen.12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the heat generates heated water to be supplied to the hydrogen producing unit.13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen producing unit comprises an aluminum compound based catalytic system.14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum compound based catalytic system comprises aluminium compound claim 1 , copper compound claim 1 , and silver compound.15. The system of claim ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING SYNTHETIC FUELS AND ORGANIC CHEMICALS FROM ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE

The present invention is directed to providing a method of producing synthetic fuels and organic chemicals from atmospheric carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide gas is extracted from the atmosphere, hydrogen gas is obtained by splitting water, a mixture of the carbon dioxide gas and the hydrogen gas (synthesis gas) is generated, and the synthesis gas is converted into synthetic fuels and/or organic products. The present invention is also directed to utilizing a nuclear power reactor to provide power for the method of the present invention. 1. A method for producing a chemical product comprising the steps of:extracting carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere;producing hydrogen gas;combining said carbon dioxide gas and said hydrogen gas to produce a synthesis gas; andconverting said synthesis gas to said product.2. The method of wherein said method is powered by a power source selected from the group consisting of nuclear power claim 1 , hydroelectric power claim 1 , geothermal power claim 1 , wind power claim 1 , photovoltaic solar power claim 1 , thermal solar power claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of wherein said product is selected from the group consisting of fuel claim 1 , diesel fuel claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , petrochemicals claim 1 , plastics claim 1 , butane claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ethylene claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , aromatic compounds claim 1 , petrochemical derivatives claim 1 , derivatives thereof claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The method of wherein said product further undergoes a process to convert said product to a fuel claim 1 , wherein said process is selected from the group consisting of Synthesis Gas-to-Methanol claim 1 , Methanol-to-Gasoline claim 1 , Methanol-to-Olefins claim 1 , Fischer Tropsch wax conversion claim 1 , Fischer-Tropsch claim 1 , and Fischer-Tropsch oil refining.5. The method of wherein said extracting step further comprises the steps of:absorbing said carbon dioxide gas using an absorbent ...

Catalytic process for converting carbon dioxide to a liquid fuel or platform chemical

A process for converting carbon dioxide to liquid fuels for a liquid fuel composition and/or a platform chemical composition. In this conversion process carbon dioxide is adsorbed to a catalyst composition, and reacted with hydrogen to form oxygenated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen for use in the process can be generated in situ or ex situ. The process can be carried out in a fully carbon neutral manner.

METHOD FOR DIRECT PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE-RANGE HYDROCARBONS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE HYDROGENATION

A method for carbon dioxide direct hydrogenation to gasoline-range hydrocarbons is provided in this invention. Under the reaction conditions of 250-450° C., 0.01-10.0 MPa, 500-50000 mL/(h·g) of feedstocks, 0.5-8 molar ratio of Hto CO, the mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen may be directly converted to gasoline-range hydrocarbons over a multifunctional hybrid catalyst. The multifunctional hybrid catalyst comprises: iron-based catalyst for carbon dioxide hydrogenation as the first component, one, two or more of zeolites optionally modified by metal as the second component. In this method, a per-pass conversion of COmay achieve more than 33%, the methane selectivity in the hydrocarbon products is less than 8%, the selectivity of gasoline-range hydrocarbons with carbon numbers from 5 to 11 in the hydrocarbon products is more than 70%. The obtained gasoline-range hydrocarbons exhibit high octane number due to its composition comprising isoparaffins and aromatics as the major components. 1. A method for direct production of gasoline-range hydrocarbons via carbon dioxide hydrogenation comprising: converting a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to gasoline-range hydrocarbons in the presence of a multifunctional catalyst , wherein the multifunctional catalyst comprises an iron-based catalyst for carbon dioxide hydrogenation as a first component and at least one or two kinds of zeolites optionally modified with a metal as a second component , and the mass ratio of the first component to the second component is 1:10 to 10:1.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the converting is conducted under the following conditions: a temperature of 250-450° C. claim 1 , a pressure of 0.01-10.0 MPa claim 1 , a gas hour space velocity of the gas stream being 500-50000 ml/((h·g) claim 1 , and a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon dioxide in the gas stream being 0.5-8.0.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the iron-based catalyst for carbon dioxide ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process () includes feeding gaseous reactants () including at least CO, Hand C0into a reactor () holding an iron-based catalyst. The Hand CO are fed in a H:CO molar ratio of at least 2:1 and the C0and CO are fed in a C0:CO molar ratio of at least 0.5:1. The reactor () is controlled at an operating temperature in the range from about 260° C. to about 300° C. A liquid product () and a gaseous product () including hydrocarbons, CO, H, water and C0are withdrawn from the reactor (). 2. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1 , wherein the Hand CO is being fed in a H:CO molar ratio of at least about 2.5:1 claim 1 , preferably at least about 3:1 claim 1 , more preferably at least about 3.5:1 claim 1 , most preferably at least about 4:1.3. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1 , wherein the COand CO are fed in a CO:CO molar ratio of at least about 1:1.4. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1 , wherein the COand CO are fed in a CO:CO molar ratio of no more than about 4 claim 1 , preferably less than about 3 claim 1 , more preferably less than about 2.5.5. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 4 , wherein the COand CO are fed in a CO:CO molar ratio of no more than about 2:1 claim 4 , preferably less than about-2:1 claim 4 , more preferably less than about 1.5:1.6. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is controlled at an operating temperature in the range from about 265° to about 285° claim 1 , more preferably in the range from about 265° to about 275° C. claim 1 , most preferably in the range from about 268° C. to about 272° C.7. (canceled)8. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1 , wherein the approach to water gas shift equilibrium claim 1 , according to Equation 5 claim 1 , is less than about 0.8 claim 1 , more preferably less than about 0.6.9. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Plasmonic Nanoparticle Catalysts and Methods for Producing Long-Chain Hydrocarbon Molecules

A plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst for producing hydrocarbon molecules by light irradiation, which comprises at least one plasmonic provider and at least one catalytic property provider, wherein the plasmonic provider and the catalytic property provider are in contact with each other or have distance less than 200 nm, and molecular composition of the hydrocarbon molecules produced by light irradiation is temperature-dependent. And a method for producing hydrocarbon molecules by light irradiation utilizing the plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst.

PARTICLE INCLUDING ATOMIC-SCALE CHANNEL, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND CATALYST INCLUDING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to a particle including at least one atomic-scale channel formed on a surface of the particle or on a surface and inside of the particle; a catalyst including the particle, particularly a catalyst for efficient and selective electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into high value-added C fuel; and a method of preparing the particle. 1. A particle , comprising at least one atomic-scale channel ,the at least one atomic-scale channel being formed on a surface of the particle, or on a surface and inside of the particle.2. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein a width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is less than 1 nm.3. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein an inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle includes a reduced metal.4. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein a surface between the channels comprised in the particle includes the reduced metal.5. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is 7 Å or less.6. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is from 5 Å to 6 Å.7. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle is formed by a process including electrochemical lithiation of a metal compound-containing particle, followed by delithiation, andwherein the inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel includes the reduced metal formed by reduction of the metal compound during the lithiation.8. The particle of claim 7 ,wherein a dimension of the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is controlled by a cut-off voltage of the electrochemical lithiation of the metal compound-containing particle.9. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the reduced metal includes one or at least two metals selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Au, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ir, Mo, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Sn, Ti, V, W, Zn, Sc, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Mn, Fe, Tc, and Re.10. The ...

THERMALLY STABLE MONOLITH CATALYST FOR REFORMING REACTION

The present invention relates to a monolith catalyst for reforming reaction, and more particularly, to a thermally stable (i.e. thermal resistance-improved) monolith catalyst for reforming reaction having a novel construction such that any one of Group 1A to Group 5A metals are used as a barrier component in the existing catalyst particles to inhibit carbon deposition occurring during the reforming reaction in a process for formation of a reforming monolith catalyst while improving thermal durability as well as non-activation of the catalyst due to a degradation. 1. A thermally stable monolith catalyst for reforming reaction , comprising: {'br': None, 'a(X)-b(Y) \u2003\u2003Formula 1'}, 'an active ingredient and Group 1A to 5A metal of barrier components represented by Formula 1 below on a monolith catalyst support, wherein the active ingredient of Formula 1 has 0.5 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a monolith catalyst,'}wherein X is a catalytic active ingredient selected from Co, Ni, Ru, Rh and a mixture thereof, Y is a mixture of Zr as a promotor and Group 1A to 5A metals as a barrier component in a mixing ratio by weight of 1:0.1 to 1:10, and ‘a’ and ‘b’ denote the ratios by weight of X and Yin order, wherein ‘a’ is 1 and ‘b’ ranges from 0.2 to 1.5.2. The thermally stable monolith catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Y is a barrier component including Zr and the Group 1A to 5A metals mixed in a ratio by weight of 1:0.3 to 1:5.0.3. The thermally stable monolith catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the Group 1A to 5A metal barrier particles include at least one component selected from Li claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Y claim 1 , La claim 1 , Er claim 1 , Pr claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Nd claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , B claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , In claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Sb claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , W and Re.4. The thermally stable monolith catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the Group 1A to 5A metals are ...

CATALYST AND A PROCESS FOR CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE-CONTAINING GAS AND HYDROGEN STREAMS TO HYDROCARBONS

The invention relates to a catalyst suitable for use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas, said catalyst comprising spinel phase of the formula [Fe(FeAl)O]. Processes for preparing the catalyst and processes for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst are also disclosed. 1) A catalyst suitable for use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas , said catalyst comprising spinel phase of the following formula:{'br': None, 'sup': 2+', '3+', '3+, 'sub': y', '1-y', '2', '4, 'Fe(FeAl)O\u2003\u2003Formula 1'}wherein y is from 0.05 to 0.95.2) A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein y is from 0.25 to 0.75.3) A catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein y is from 0.3 to 0.7.4) A catalyst according to claim 1 , having average crystal size in the range from 1.5 to 3 nm claim 1 , as measured by X-Ray diffraction (XRD).5) A catalyst according to claim 1 , which further comprises potassium on its surface.6) A process for preparing compounds of Formulas 1 or 2:{'br': None, 'sup': 2+', '3+', '3+, 'sub': y', '1-y', '2', '4, 'Fe(FeAl)O\u2003\u2003Formula 1'} {'br': None, 'sup': 2+', '2+', '3+', '3+, 'sub': x', '1-x', 'y', '1-y', '2', '4, '(CuFe)(FeAl)O\u2003\u2003Formula 2'}, 'wherein y is in the range from 0.05 to 0.95; or'}wherein 0.0 Подробнее

SYSTEMS, METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE CAPTURE AND HYDROGENATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE WITH THERMOCHEMICAL Cu-Cl AND Mg-Cl-Na/K-CO2 CYCLES

Systems, methods, and devices for producing hydrogen and capturing CO2 from emissions combine both H2 production and CO2 capture processes in forms of thermochemical cycles to produce useful products from captured CO2. The thermochemical cycles are copper-chlorine (Cu—Cl) and magnesium-chlorine-sodium/potassium cycles (Mg—CI—Na/K—CO2). One system comprises a Cu—Cl cycle, a CO2 capture loop, and a hydrogenation cycle. Another system comprises an Mg—CI—Na/K—CO2 cycle and a hydrogenation cycle. Devices for hydrogen production, CO2 capture, hydrogenation, and process and equipment integration include a two-stage fluidized/packed bed, hybrid two-stage spray-fluidized/packed bed reactor, a two-stage wet-mode absorber, a hybrid two-stage absorber, and a catalyst packed/fluidized bed reactor. 1. A system for hydrogen production , CO2 capture and production of carbon based compounds , the system comprising:a copper-chlorine (Cu—Cl) cycle;a CO2 capture loop; anda hydrogenation cycle,wherein the Cu—Cl cycle, the CO2 capture loop and the hydrogenation cycle are integratedan electolyzer for receiving CuCl (s);a spray dryer for receiving CuCl2 (aq) from the electrolyzer;a hydrolysis reactor for receiving CuCl2 (s) from the spray dryer;a copper oxychloride decomposition reactor for receiving CuO and CuCl (s) from the hydrolysis reactor; anda CO2 capture apparatus wherein CO2 is captured from the mixture of CO2, N2, and H2O,wherein the spray dryer provides hydrated slurry of CuCl2 to the CO2 capture device and returns clear CuCl2 solution to the electrolyzer, the CO2 capture device providing anhydrous CuCl2 to the hydrolysis reactor.2. (canceled)3. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the CO2 capture device provides water vapour and N2 to a unit for separating the water vapour and the N2 and for providing water input to the Cu—Cl cycle.4. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the CO2 capture apparatus is selected from the group consisting of a dry-mode absorber claim 1 , a wet ...

MANUFACTURING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUEL HYDROCARBON

There is provided a fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus, including a water treatment tank configured to create activated water; a plurality of quartz tubes configured to contain titanium oxide coated ceramics; a plurality of UV lamp; a water tank configured to receive activated water from the water treatment tank; an oil tank configured to contain original oil; a inline mixer configured to break down water and oil into very small clusters and mix together to form an emulsified mixture; a emulsion tank; a reactor tank configured to produce new oil; a water-oil separator configured to divide new oil from remaining water; and a return conduit configured to supply new oil back to the oil tank. 1. A fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus , comprising:a water treatment tank configured to generate an activated water;a plurality of quartz tubes configured to contain titanium oxide coated ceramics therein;a plurality of UV lamp configured to provide UV light to titanium oxide coated ceramics inside the plurality of quartz tubes;a water feeding pump configured to circulate water inside the water treatment tank to the plurality of quartz tubes;a water tank configured to receive the activated water from the water treatment tank;an oil tank configured to contain original oil;a inline mixer configured to break down the activated water and original oil into very small clusters and mix together to form an emulsified mixture;a emulsion tank configured to contain the emulsified mixture;a reactor tank configured to receive the emulsified mixture and produce a new oil;a water-oil separator configured to divide the new oil from a remaining water; anda return conduit configured to supply the new oil back to the oil tank.2. The fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein the water treatment tank includes:a nano-bubble generator submerged in the water inside the water treatment tank to provide nano-bubble to the water;a first carbon dioxide generator configured to ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE

A system and method for producing liquid hydrocarbons is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes at least one renewable power system configured to generate a DC electric power output; at least one water electrolysis system in electrical communication with the renewable power system and configured to utilize the DC electric power to produce a hydrogen output; and a liquid hydrocarbon synthesis system in fluid communication with the water electrolysis system and configured to utilize the hydrogen output and a carbon dioxide feed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product.

Plasmonic Nanoparticle Catalysts and Methods for Producing Long-Chain Hydrocarbon Molecules

A plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst for producing hydrocarbon molecules by light irradiation, which comprises at least one plasmonic provider and at least one catalytic property provider, wherein the plasmonic provider and the catalytic property provider are in contact with each other or have distance less than 200 nm, and molecular composition of the hydrocarbon molecules produced by light irradiation is temperature-dependent. And a method for producing hydrocarbon molecules by light irradiation utilizing the plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst. 1. A plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst for producing hydrocarbon molecules by light irradiation , comprising:at least one plasmonic provider; andat least one catalytic property provider, whereinthe plasmonic provider and the catalytic property provider are in contact with each other or have distance less than 200 nm, andmolecular composition of the hydrocarbon molecules produced by light irradiation is temperature-dependent.2. The plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst of claim 1 , whereinsaid at least one plasmonic provider and said at least one catalytic property provider are provided in one nanoparticle, andsaid nanoparticle comprises one chemical element as both the plasmonic provider and the catalytic property provider, or alloy of two or more chemical elements each as the plasmonic provider or the catalytic property provider.3. The plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst of or claim 1 , whereinthe plasmonic provider is selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Al, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ti, C and alloys of two or more chemical elements thereof.4. The plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst of or claim 1 , whereinthe catalytic property provider is selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, La, Ce, Cu, Ni, Ti, C and oxide, chloride, carbonate and bicarbonate thereof.5. The plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst of any one of to claim 1 , whereinthe dimension of the plasmonic nanoparticle catalyst is about 1 nm to about 1000 nm in ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING COMBUSTIBLE GAS FROM THE ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER (HTE) OR CO-ELECTROLYSIS WITH H2O/CO2 IN THE SAME CHAMBER, AND ASSOCIATED CATALYTIC REACTOR AND SYSTEM

The invention relates to a novel reactor design, wherein the pressurised chamber contains both a high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) reactor with elementary electrolysis cell stacking for producing either hydrogen or a synthesis gas (“syngas” for a H+CO mixture) from water vapour HO and carbon dioxide C0, and at least one catalyst arranged at a distance and downstream of the outlet of the electrolyser for converting the previously produced synthesis gas into the desired combustible gas, by means of heterogeneous catalysis, the synthesis gas having being produced either directly from the electrolysis reactor or indirectly by mixing the hydrogen produced with carbon dioxide C0injected into the chamber. 130-. (canceled)31. A process for obtaining a combustible gas chosen from methane , methanol , dimethyl ether (DME) and diesel by heterogeneous catalysis , comprising the following steps:{'sub': '2', 'a/ a step of high-temperature electrolysis of steam HO performed in an electrolysis reactor housed in a leaktight chamber maintained at a given pressure, in which step a/ each cathode of the reactor is fed with steam at the given pressure;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b/ a step of catalytic conversion performed in at least one reaction zone placed at a distance from and radially to the electrolysis reactor in the same chamber under pressure and containing at least one solid conversion catalyst, step b/ being performed using hydrogen Hproduced during the electrolysis step a/ and carbon dioxide COinjected into the space between the electrolysis reactor and the radial reaction zone;'}c/ a step of recovery of the combustible gas produced and of the steam not converted in step a/ and produced in step b/, in the space between said radial reaction zone and the wall(s) delimiting the chamber.32. The process as claimed in claim 31 , wherein step b/ is performed with the radial reaction zone closed on itself claim 31 , being arranged concentrically around the electrolysis or co-electrolysis ...

RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE AND ZERO EMISSION POWER SYSTEM

The invention provides an energy system comprising a fuel processor for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel and for catalytically converting the hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate, an electric heating apparatus coupled to the fuel processor for providing thermal energy to the fuel processor, an energy source coupled to the electric heating apparatus for providing power thereto, and a catalytic reactor for processing the reformate and for converting the reformate into a liquid fuel. 1. An energy system , comprisinga fuel processor for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel and for catalytically converting the hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate,an electric heating apparatus coupled to the fuel processor for providing thermal energy to the fuel processor,a renewable energy source coupled to the electric heating apparatus for providing power thereto, anda catalytic reactor for processing the reformate and for converting the reformate into a liquid fuel or a liquid chemical.2. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel processor comprises a reformer.3. The energy system of claim 2 , wherein the reformer is a partial oxidation reformer claim 2 , an autothermal reformer claim 2 , a steam methane reformer claim 2 , or a steam reformer.4. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the electric heating apparatus is disposed within the fuel processor.5. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the electric heating apparatus is disposed external to the fuel processor.6. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is a renewable solar or wind energy source.7. The energy system of claim 1 , further comprising a separation unit coupled to the fuel processor for separating hydrogen from the reformate.8. The energy system of claim 7 , further comprisinga compressor coupled to the separation unit for compressing the hydrogen separated from the reformate by the separation unit, anda storage element for storing the hydrogen compressed by the compressor.9. The energy system of claim 1 , ...

OVERPOTENTIAL AND SELECTIVITY IN THE ELECTROCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF CO2 INTO FUELS

The invention provides a catalyst and method for producing hydrocarbons from a carbon dioxide source comprising carbides, in particular one or more metal carbides. The one or more metal carbides are formed with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, iron, and tantalum. In one embodiment, the one or more metal carbides are nanostructures. In another embodiment, the one or more metal carbide nanostructures are supported by a carbon substrate. In a further embodiment, the one or more metal carbides nanostructures is dimolybdenum carbide. In still another embodiment, the carbon substrate is graphene or graphene oxide. In another embodiment, the dimolybdenum carbide nanostructures are supported by the graphene or graphene oxide substrate. 1. A catalyst for producing hydrocarbons from a carbon dioxide source , comprising: one or more metal carbides.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal carbides are formed with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , iron claim 1 , and tantalum.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal carbides are nano structures.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the one or more metal carbides nanostructures are supported by a carbon substrate.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the one or more metal carbides nanostructures is dimolybdenum carbide.6. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the carbon substrate is graphene or graphene oxide.7. The catalyst as claimed in claim 5 , wherein dimolybdenum carbide nanostructures are supported by the graphene or graphene oxide substrate.8. A method for producing hydrocarbons claim 5 , comprising:forming one or more metal carbide catalysts;exposing the one or more metal carbide catalyst with one or more sources of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming the one or more metal carbides with one or more elements is ...

METHODS FOR THE REMOVAL OF CO2 FROM ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR OTHER CO2-CONTAINING GAS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS OR NEGATIVE CO2 EMISSIONS

A process for the production of at least one of amorphous carbon or graphite, preferably of carbon black, from atmospheric air, biogas or flue gas CO2 is given, including at least the following steps: 1. A method for the production of at least one of amorphous carbon or graphite from atmospheric air , biogas or flue gas CO2 including at least the following steps:a) isolation of concentrated CO2 of a concentration of at least 50% v/v from atmospheric air, biogas or flue gas;b) conversion of said captured CO2 into a gaseous or liquid saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon by hydrogenation;c) cracking of said saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon to at least one of amorphous carbon or graphite,wherein the H2 resulting from step c) is at least partially used in the hydrogenation of step b).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of: linear claim 1 , branched or cyclic alkanes claim 1 , linear claim 1 , branched or cyclic alkenes claim 1 , alkynes claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein further H2 required for step b) is provided via splitting of H2O.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein further H2 required for step b) is provided via cracking of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon in a step according to step c) claim 1 , said saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon stemming from fossil or biogenic sources claim 1 , wherein the produced carbon is further used or sequestered.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected to be methane claim 1 , and wherein the further two moles H2 per mole CO2 required for step b) is provided via splitting of H2O.6. The method according to claim 1 , where isolation of concentrated CO2 of a concentration of at least 50% v/v from atmospheric air claim 1 , biogas or flue gas in step a) is performed by means of a cyclic adsorption/desorption process on amine-functionalized ...

Engineered fuel storage, respeciation and transport

Techniques, systems and material are disclosed for thermochemical regeneration of biomass into renewable engineered fuel, storage of the renewable engineered fuel, respeciation of the renewable engineered fuel and transport. In one aspect, a method includes generating low density hydrogen fuel from biomass dissociation at a first location of a low elevation. The low density hydrogen fuel is self-transported in a pipeline to a second location at a higher elevation than the first location by traveling from the first location to the second location without adding energy of pressure. A high density hydrogen carrier is generated at the second location of higher elevation by reacting the low density hydrogen fuel with at least one of a carbon donor, a nitrogen donor and an oxygen donor harvested from industrial waste. The high density hydrogen carrier is delivered to a third location of a lower elevation than the second location while providing pressure or kinetic energy.

Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon with carbon dioxide hydrogenation

A method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide hydrogenation, comprising: directly converting a mixed gas consisting of carbon dioxide and hydrogen with the catalysis of a composite catalyst under reaction conditions of a temperature of 250-450° C., a pressure of 0.01-10.0 MPa, a feedstock gas hourly space velocity of 500-50000 mL/(h·g cat ) and a H 2 /CO 2 molar ratio of 0.5-8.0, to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. The composite catalyst is a mixture of a first component and a second component. The first component is an iron-based catalyst for making low-carbon olefin via carbon dioxide hydrogenation, and the second component is at least one of metal modified or non-modified molecular sieves which are mainly used for olefin aromatization. In the method, CO 2 conversion per pass may be above 33%, the hydrocarbon product selectivity may be controlled to be above 80%, the methane content is lower than 8%, C 5+ hydrocarbon content is higher than 65% and the proportion of the aromatic hydrocarbons in C 5+ hydrocarbons may be above 63%.

YTTRIUM-CONTAINING CATALYST FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATION, COMBINED HIGH-TEMPERATURE CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATION, AND REFORMING AND/OR REFORMING, AND A METHOD FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATION, COMBINED HIGH-TEMPERATURE CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATION AND REFORMING AND/OR REFORMING

The invention relates to a process for producing a catalyst for the high-temperature processes (i) carbon dioxide hydrogenation, (ii) combined high-temperature carbon dioxide hydrogenation and reforming and/or (iii) reforming of hydrocarbon-comprising compounds and/or carbon dioxide and the use of the catalyst of the invention in the reforming and/or hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, and/or of carbon dioxide. To produce the catalyst, an aluminum source, which preferably comprises a water-soluble precursor source, is brought into contact with an yttrium-comprising metal salt solution, dried and calcined. The metal salt solution comprises, in addition to the yttrium species, at least one element from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, nickel, iron and zinc. 1. A catalyst precursor , comprising at least one crystalline material which comprises yttrium and aluminum and has the characteristic that it has a cubic garnet structure , where the catalyst precursor comprises Cu , Zn , Fe , Co and/or Ni and where part of the yttrium and/or aluminum species in the crystalline material is replaced by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu , Zn , Ni , Co , and Fe , where a proportion of secondary phases is in the range from 0-49% by weight.2. The catalyst precursor according to claim 1 , wherein the yttrium content is in the range 15-80 mol % and the aluminum content is in the range 10-90 mol % claim 1 , where the total content of elements selected from the group consisting of Cu claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe is in the range of 0.01-10 mol %.3. The catalyst precursor according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst precursor comprises claim 1 , in addition to a main phase cubic garnet structure claim 1 , at least one secondary phase present in a proportion in the range of 1-49% by weight.4. The catalyst precursor according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst precursor has a BET surface area which is greater than 2 m2/g.5. ...

CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION

Apparatus for the production of carbon dioxide from limestone includes a nuclear reactor () for generating heat and a rotary kiln (). The rotary kiln () has an inlet () for the introduction of limestone and an outlet () for the release of carbon dioxide. A heat transfer arrangement is provided for transferring heat from the nuclear reactor () to the interior of the rotary kiln (). The heat transfer arrangement includes feed and return primary conduits () for passing a heat transfer fluid () through the nuclear reactor () so that heat may be extracted from the nuclear reactor () for transfer to the interior of the rotary kiln (). Limestone in the rotary kiln () is thereby heated to a temperature sufficient for the release of carbon dioxide. 1. Apparatus for the production of a synthetic fuel using carbon dioxide from limestone , comprising:a nuclear reactor for generating heat;a rotary kiln comprising an outer vessel for containing limestone and an inner chamber mounted co-axially within the outer vessel, the rotary kiln having an inlet for the introduction of limestone into the outer vessel and an outlet for the release of carbon dioxide;a heat transfer arrangement for transferring heat from the nuclear reactor to the inner chamber of the rotary kiln, the heat transfer arrangement including a heat exchanger and feed and return primary conduits for passing a heat transfer fluid through the nuclear reactor and the heat exchanger to extract heat therefrom for transfer to the inner chamber of the rotary kiln;wherein the heat exchanger comprises a water boiler to generate steam and a secondary conduit for the steam generated by the boiler, to feed steam to the rotary kiln for heating the limestone in the outer vessel to a temperature sufficient for the release of carbon dioxide;wherein the heat exchanger comprises a feed third conduit for steam generated by the boiler;a hydrogen plant to produce hydrogen, the feed third conduit supplying steam generated by the boiler to ...

Production of aromatics by pyrolysis, water gas shift and aromatization of CO2

Device and process for converting a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is notably treated using a fractionation train (-), a xylenes separating unit () and an isomerization unit (), and in which a pyrolysis unit () treats a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; a WGS water gas shift reaction section () suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas and for producing a WGS gas enriched in CO2 and in hydrogen; a CO2 aromatization reaction section () suitable for: at least partly treating the WGS gas to produce a hydrocarbon effluent comprising aromatic compounds, and feeding the feedstock with the hydrocarbon effluent. 1. Device for the conversion of a first hydrocarbon-based feedstock comprising aromatic compounds , comprising:{'b': ['4', '7', '22', '23', '24', '2'], '#text': 'a fractionation train (-) suitable for extracting at least one cut comprising benzene (), one cut comprising toluene () and one cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene () from the first hydrocarbon-based feedstock ();'}{'b': ['10', '24', '39', '40'], '#text': 'a xylenes separating unit () suitable for treating the cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene () and for producing an extract () comprising para-xylene and a raffinate () comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene;'}{'b': ['11', '40', '42', '4', '7'], '#text': 'an isomerization unit () suitable for treating the raffinate () and for producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene (), which is sent to the fractionation train (-);'}{'b': ['13', '30', '31', '2', '32'], '#text': 'a pyrolysis unit () suitable for treating a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock (), for producing at least one pyrolysis effluent () comprising hydrocarbon-based compounds of 6 to 10 carbon atoms at least partially feeding the hydrocarbon-based feedstock (), and for producing a pyrolysis gas () comprising at least CO, CO2 and H2;'}{'b': [' ...

Direct Synthesis Of Hydrocarbons From Co-Electrolysis Solid Oxide Cell

A hydrocarbon generation system that combines a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and a Fischer-Tropsch unit in a single microtubular reactor is described. This system can directly synthesize hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide and water. High temperature co-electrolysis of HO and COand low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process are integrated in a single microtubular reactor by designation of a temperature gradient along the axial length of the microtubular reactor. The microtubular reactor can provide direct conversion of COto hydrocarbons for use as feedstock or energy storage. 1. A hydrocarbon generation system comprising: a first region including a cathode and an anode in electrical communication with one another and an oxygen ion conducting electrolyte between the cathode and the anode,', 'a second region including a Fischer-Tropsch reaction catalyst in fluid communication and downstream of the cathode; and, 'a microtubular reactor, the microtubular reactor including'}a temperature control unit configured to provide the first region at a first temperature that is greater than a second temperature of the second region.2. The hydrocarbon generation system of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter of the microtubular reactor is about 3 millimeters or less.3. The hydrocarbon generation system of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia claim 1 , nickel-samaria doped ceria claim 1 , nickel-gadolinium doped ceria claim 1 , perovskites having the general formula of LaM1M2O in which M1 is an alkaline earth element and M2 is a transition metal element claim 1 , SrFeMoMO in which M is a transition metal element claim 1 , and combinations there.4. The hydrocarbon generation system of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide claim 1 , strontium-doped lanthanum manganite claim 1 , strontium-doped lanthanum manganite impregnated with ceria-based catalyst claim 1 , SrFeMoMO in which M is a transition metal ...

PRODUCTION PROCESS AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING METHANE / GASEOUS AND/OR LIQUID HYDROCARBONS

A process for the production of synthetically produced methane ()/gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbons (). For this purpose, hydrogen () from an electrolytic arrangement () which is operated by means of regeneratively generated electric energy and carbon dioxide () are synthesized in a methane synthesis (FIGS. -) or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FIGS. -) or other suitable hydrocarbon synthesis, the carbon dioxide () being produced from an air/gas flow () by means of a carbon dioxide recovery system (FIG. ). The carbon dioxide () is obtained from the air/gas flow () in the carbon dioxide recovery system (FIG. ) by way of a reversible adsorption process. Also a production system () for the production of synthetically produced methane/gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbons (), in particular for carrying out the production process according to the invention, comprising an electrolytic arrangement () which is operated by means of regeneratively generated electric energy () for producing hydrogen (), a carbon dioxide recovery system (FIG. ) for producing carbon dioxide () from an air/gas flow () and a methane (FIG. ) or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FIG. ) or any other suitable hydrocarbon synthesis for synthesizing hydrogen () and carbon dioxide () to methane ()/gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbons (). 157114115116117. A process for the production of synthetically produced methane ()/gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbons ( , , , ) ,{'b': 19', '46', '86', '41', '81', '151', '159', '19', '46', '86, 'figref': [{'@idref': 'DRAWINGS', 'FIGS. 2-48'}, {'@idref': 'DRAWINGS', 'FIGS. 3-96'}], 'for which purpose hydrogen (, , ) from an electrolytic arrangement (, , , ) which is operated by means of regeneratively generated electric energy and carbon dioxide (, , ) are synthesized in a methane synthesis () or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis () or other suitable hydrocarbon synthesis,'}wherein{'b': 19', '46', '86', '3', '134', '19', '46', '86', '3', '134, 'figref': [{'@idref': 'DRAWINGS', 'FIG. 1'}, {'@ ...

METHODS FOR CONVERSION OF CO2 INTO SYNGAS

Methods of preparing syngas are provided. An exemplary method can include hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO) via a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Catalysts that include Cu and/or Mn can be used, and the RWGS reaction can be conducted at a temperature greater than 600° C. The syngas produced from hydrogenation of COcan be used to generate light olefins via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT) reaction. 1. A method of preparing syngas , comprising:a. providing a reaction chamber that comprises a solid-supported catalyst comprising Cu and Mn;{'sub': 2', '2, 'b. feeding a reaction mixture comprising Hand COto the reaction chamber; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'c. contacting Hand COwith the catalyst at a reaction temperature greater than 600° C. to provide a product mixture that comprises Hand CO.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises Cu and Mn in a molar ratio of about 4:1 to about 1:4.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst comprises Cu and Mn in a molar ratio of about 1:1.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more solid supports selected from the group consisting of AlO claim 1 , MgO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , TiOand ZrO.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more additional metals selected from the group consisting of La claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , K claim 1 , W and Al.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the catalyst comprises Al.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst comprises about 10% Cu and about 10% Mn claim 6 , by weight.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst does not comprise Cr.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises less than about 1% Cr claim 1 , by weight.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst comprises less than about 0.1% Cr claim 9 , by weight.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst comprises less than about 0.01% Cr claim 10 , by weight.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture comprises Hand COin a molar ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

A method for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the method including: 1) gasifying a raw material to obtain a crude syngas including H, CO and CO; 2) electrolyzing a saturated NaCl solution using a chloralkali process to obtain a NaOH solution, Hand H; 3) removing the COin the crude syngas using the NaOH solution obtained in 2) to obtain a pure syngas; and 4) insufflating the Hobtained in 2) to the pure syngas to adjust a mole ratio of CO/Hin the pure syngas, and then introducing the pure syngas for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. A device for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis includes a gasification device, an electrolyzer, a first gas washing device, and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor. 1. A method for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, '1) gasifying a raw material to obtain a crude syngas comprising H, CO and CO;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '2) electrolyzing a saturated NaCl solution using a chloralkali process to obtain a NaOH solution, Cland H;'}{'sub': '2', '3) removing the COin the crude syngas using the NaOH solution obtained in 2) to obtain a pure syngas; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, '4) insufflating the Hobtained in 2) into the pure syngas to adjust a mole ratio of CO/Hin the pure syngas, and then using the pure syngas for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in 3) claim 1 , the COin the crude syngas is removed through a direct gas-liquid contact between the NaOH solution and the crude syngas to yield the pure syngas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in 3) claim 1 , the COis first separated from the crude syngas to yield the pure syngas claim 1 , and then the COis absorbed using the NaOH solution.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein in 3) claim 1 , a remaining of the NaOH solution after absorbing COin the crude syngas is condensed and crystallized as a by-product.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein in 3) claim 1 , a remaining of the NaOH solution after absorbing COin the crude syngas is used for removing COin an ...

SUPPORTED CATALYST, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF

A supported catalyst has a support and a metal active component disposed on the support. The metal active component is at least one selected from the group consisting of a Group VIB metal element and a Group VIII metal element. The support contains at least one of heat-resistant inorganic oxides and molecular sieves and includes an internal channel penetrating the support. The ratio of the cross-section area of the channel to the cross-section area of the support is 0.05-3:100. The difference R between the water absorption rate and the BET pore volume of the support is not less than 0.2 mL/g. The supported catalyst can be used as a hydrogenation catalyst. When used in the hydrocracking of hydrocarbon oils, it can achieve high catalytic activity and high yield of jet fuels at the same time. The supported catalyst can also be used as a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. 1. A supported catalyst , comprising a support and a metal active component supported on the support ,wherein the metal active component is at least one selected from the group consisting of a Group VIB metal element and a Group VIII metal element;wherein the support contains at least one of heat-resistant inorganic oxides and molecular sieves;wherein the support includes an internal channel penetrating the support, wherein the ratio of the cross-section area of the channel to the cross-section area of the support is 0.05-3:100; andwherein the difference R between the water absorption rate and the BET pore volume of the support is not less than 0.2 mL/g.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the Group VIB metal element is Mo and/or W claim 1 , and the Group VIII metal element is Co and/or N claim 1 , andwherein, based on the total amount of the catalyst, the Group VIB metal element is present in an amount of 10-35 wt %; the Group VIII metal element is present in an amount of 2-15 wt %; and the support is present in an amount of 50-88 wt %, all on oxide basis.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the heat ...

PROCESSES FOR IMPROVING THE ACTIVITY OF HYBRID CATALYSTS

A process for converting a feed stream to Cto Chydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream of hydrogen and at least one carbon-containing component selected from CO, CO, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone at an initial reactor pressure and an initial reactor temperature. The feed stream is contacted to a hybrid catalyst positioned in the reaction zone, and the hybrid catalyst includes a methanol synthesis component and a solid microporous acid material. The pressure within the reaction zone is increased during the contacting of the feed stream to the hybrid catalyst from the initial reactor pressure to a final reactor pressure. A temperature within the reaction zone at any time during the contacting of the feed stream to the hybrid catalyst is within±20° C. of the initial reactor temperature. 1. A process for converting a feed stream to Cto Chydrocarbons , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'introducing a feed stream comprising hydrogen and at least one carbon-containing component selected from the group consisting of CO, CO, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone at an initial reactor pressure and an initial reactor temperature;'}contacting the feed stream to a hybrid catalyst positioned in the reaction zone, wherein the hybrid catalyst comprises a methanol synthesis component and a solid microporous acid material; andincreasing a pressure within the reaction zone during the contacting of the feed stream to the hybrid catalyst from the initial reactor pressure to a final reactor pressure,wherein a temperature within the reaction zone at any time during the contacting of the feed stream to the hybrid catalyst is within±20° C. of the initial reactor temperature.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the final reactor pressure is at least 1 bar (0.1 MPa) greater than the initial reactor pressure.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the final reactor pressure and is from 1 bar (0.1 MPa) to 60 bar (6.0 MPa) greater than the initial reactor pressure.4. The process of ...

CATALYSTS FOR CO2 HYDROGENATION

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe methods of preparing pre-catalysts that may be activated under methane to form catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to form olefins, among other chemical species. Embodiments of the present disclosure also describe methods of preparing catalysts and pre-catalysts, catalyst and pre-catalyst compositions, and methods of producing one or more chemical species using catalysts. 1. A method of preparing a catalyst , comprising:grinding one or more of a metal precursor, a promoter precursor, and a support precursor to form a mixture;calcining the mixture at one or more temperatures to form a pre-catalyst; and{'sub': '2', 'flowing methane over the pre-catalyst to form a catalyst active in the production of olefins via COhydrogenation.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor includes one or more of iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , and nickel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor includes one or more of a metal oxide claim 1 , metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal nitrate claim 1 , metal oxalate claim 1 , metal chloride claim 1 , metal carbonyl claim 1 , and metal sulphate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the promoter precursor includes one or more of an alkali metal and alkaline earth metal.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the promoter precursor includes one or more of sodium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , caesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , copper claim 1 , lithium claim 1 , rubidium claim 1 , francium claim 1 , beryllium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , barium claim 1 , and radium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the support precursor includes one or more of aluminum claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , and zeolites.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor claim 1 , promoter precursor claim 1 , and support ...

Cobalt catalyst based on a support containing a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel prepared by the use of a dicarboxylic acid comprising at least three carbon atoms

The invention concerns a catalyst containing an active cobalt phase deposited on a support comprising alumina, silica or silica-alumina, said support containing a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel, said catalyst being prepared by introducing at least one dicarboxylic acid comprising at least three carbon atoms. The invention also concerns its use in the field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis processes.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUEL USING TWO FERMENTATIONS

A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased. 134-. (canceled)35. A process for producing ethanol comprising:(i) obtaining methane sourced from biogas, said biogas produced from anaerobic digestion;(ii) reforming a gas to produce syngas, said gas comprising the methane sourced from biogas;(iii) converting one or more components of the syngas to ethanol, said converting comprising subjecting a gas substrate comprising the one or more components to a gas fermentation, said one or more components comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or a combination thereof;(iv) using an aqueous stream comprising ethanol produced in (iii) in an ethanol production process that comprises fermenting carbohydrate to ethanol.36. The process according to claim 35 , wherein step (iv) comprises feeding said aqueous stream to a stage in the ethanol production process such that ethanol produced in (iii) is copresent with carbohydrate during at least part of a step of fermenting said carbohydrate to ethanol.37. The process according to claim 36 , comprising recovering ethanol produced in (iii) together with ethanol produced by fermenting said carbohydrate to ethanol.38. The process according to claim 37 , wherein said gas substrate comprises carbon dioxide produced from fermenting said carbohydrate to ethanol.39. The process according to claim 37 , wherein said ethanol production process is a cellulosic ethanol production process claim 37 , and wherein ...

Process for using biogenic carbon dioxide derived from non-fossil organic material

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

CATALYSTS WITH SHARP REACTION INTERFACE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CO2 REDUCTION WITH ENHANCED SELECTIVITY

An abrupt interface electroreduction catalyst includes a porous gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer providing a sharp reaction interface. The electroreduction catalyst can be used for converting COinto a target product such as ethylene. The porous gas diffusion layer can be hydrophobic and configured for contacting gas-phase COwhile the catalyst layer is disposed on and covers a reaction interface side of the porous gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer has another side contacting an electrolyte and can be hydrophilic, composed a metal such as Cu and is sufficiently thin to prevent diffusion limitations of the reactant in the electrolyte and enhance selectivity for the target product. The electroreduction catalyst can be made by vapor deposition methods and can be used for electrochemical production of ethylene in reaction system. 1. An abrupt interface COelectroreduction catalyst for converting COinto a multi-carbon compound , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a porous gas diffusion layer having a gas-contacting side configured for contacting a COgas and allowing passage of the COgas toward an opposed reaction interface side, the porous gas diffusion layer being composed of a hydrophobic material; and'}a catalytic layer disposed on and covering the reaction interface side of the porous gas diffusion layer and having an electrolyte-contacting side configured for contacting an aqueous electrolyte, the catalytic layer being:hydrophilic allowing penetration of the aqueous electrolyte therethrough to form a gas-liquid interface on an opposed reaction interface side of the catalyst layer;{'sub': '2', 'composed of one or more metals selected to convert the COinto the multi-carbon compound at determined electroreduction conditions; and'}{'sub': '2', 'sufficiently thin to prevent diffusion limitations of the COin the aqueous electrolyte and enhance selectivity for the multi-carbon compound.'}23-. (canceled)4. The abrupt interface COelectroreduction catalyst of claim 1 , ...

Photocatalytic metamaterial based on plasmonic near perfect optical absorbers

The present disclosure provides a photocatalyst that can utilize plasmon resonance based, near-perfect optical absorption for performing and enhancing photocatalytic reactions. The photocatalyst comprises a substrate and a reflective layer adjacent to the substrate. The reflective layer is configured to reflect light. The photocatalyst further comprises a spacer layer adjacent to the reflective layer. The spacer layer is formed of a semiconductor material or insulator and is at least partially transparent to light. A nanocomposite layer adjacent to the spacer layer is formed of a particles embedded in a matrix. The matrix can comprise a semiconductor, insulator or in some cases metallic pores. The particles can be metallic. Upon exposure to light, the particles can absorb far field electromagnetic radiation and excite plasmon resonances that interact with the reflective layer to form electromagnetic resonances.

PROCESS FOR USING BIOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE DERIVED FROM NON-FOSSIL ORGANIC MATERIAL

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product. 1. A process for producing a fuel or fuel intermediate containing carbon derived from non-fossil organic material comprising:(i) providing biogenic carbon dioxide that is sourced from a production process comprising at least one of a step of fermentation and a thermal process, said production process producing a first product derived from the non-fossil organic material, said first product selected from: (a) an energy product; (b) a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical product, a fuel and a fuel intermediate; and (c) a combination thereof, wherein the biogenic carbon dioxide is generated during the production process;(ii) providing a stream enriched in hydrogen that is sourced from a hydrogen production process, the hydrogen production process including a step of removing fossil carbon dioxide from a stream including hydrogen to provide the steam enriched in hydrogen;(iii) converting the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the enriched hydrogen stream to a second product, said second product comprising at least one of a biogenic ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUEL USING TWO FERMENTATIONS

A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased. 134-. (canceled)35. A method for producing a fermentation product comprising:a) providing biomass; releasing fermentable sugars from the biomass to produce a first mixture comprising the released fermentable sugars;', 'subjecting at least the released fermentable sugars to a fermentation to produce a second mixture comprising the fermentation product;, 'b) converting part of the biomass to the fermentation product in a first process, the first process comprisingc) recovering the fermentation product from the second mixture to produce recovered fermentation product and still bottoms;d) subjecting the first mixture, the second mixture, the still bottoms, or a combination thereof to a solids-liquid separation to produce solids and liquid; subjecting at least the solids from the solids-liquid separation to a thermal process to produce syngas;', 'subjecting one or more components of the syngas to a gas fermentation, the gas fermentation producing an aqueous solution comprising the fermentation product; and, 'e) converting another part of the biomass to the fermentation product in a second process, the second process comprisingf) using at least part of the aqueous solution comprising the fermentation product produced from the second process in the first process such that the fermentation product from the first and second processes are recovered together.36. The method according to claim 35 , wherein ...

SYNTHETIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS PRODUCTION WITH IN-SITU CO2 CAPTURE

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ COcapture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or COand/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system. 114.-. (canceled)15. A method for producing a liquid fuel from a solid carbonaceous fuel comprising:pyrolizing a first portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel to form the liquid fuel; and{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': [{'sub': '2', 'reducing metal oxide containing particles in a first reaction zone with the second portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel thereby forming the COrich gases and reduced metal oxide containing particles;'}, 'directly sending a first portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles from the first reaction zone to a second reaction zone, and a second portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles from the first reaction zone to a third reaction zone;', 'oxidizing the first portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles in the second reaction zone with steam thereby generating the hydrogen rich gases and at least partially oxidized metal oxide containing particles;', 'sending the at least partially oxidized metal oxide containing particles from the second reaction zone to the third reaction zone;', 'oxidizing the at least partially oxidized metal oxide containing particles from the second reaction zone and the second portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles from the first reaction zone in the third reaction zone with an oxygen containing gas, thereby generating oxidized metal oxide containing particles; and', 'returning the oxidized metal oxide containing particles from the ...

Integrated Biorefinery

Integrated biorefineries are provided that integrate biomass cultivation with processing to convert cultivated biomass to a fuel, and further integrate carbon recovery from the biomass processing. Biomass processing to fuels begins in a treatment system, such as a hydrothermal treatment system, that produces an organic phase that is suitable for refining to a fuel and also produces a waste stream. The biorefinery optionally includes a dewatering system, a refining system to convert the organic phase to the fuel, and a cogeneration system configured to use at least some of the fuel produced by the treatment system to generate electricity and heat that can be used for biorefinery operations.

PROCESS FOR USING BIOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE DERIVED FROM NON-FOSSIL ORGANIC MATERIAL

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. At least a portion of the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen is subjected to a reverse water gas shift reaction that produces at least carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide so produced, the biogenic carbon dioxide and the hydrogen are introduced, together or separately, to a biologic or chemical conversion process to produce the fuel or fuel intermediate. 1. A process for producing a fuel or fuel intermediate containing carbon derived from non-fossil organic material comprising:(i) providing biogenic carbon dioxide that is sourced from a production process comprising at least one of a step of fermentation and a thermal process, said production process producing a first product derived from the non-fossil organic material, said first product selected from: (a) an energy product; (b) a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical product, a fuel and a fuel intermediate; and (c) a combination thereof, wherein the biogenic carbon dioxide is generated during the production process;(ii) providing a stream enriched in hydrogen that is sourced from a hydrogen production process, the hydrogen production process including a step of removing fossil carbon dioxide from a stream including hydrogen to provide the steam enriched in hydrogen;(iii) converting the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the stream enriched in hydrogen to a second product, said second product comprising at least one of a biogenic carbon-based fuel and a biogenic carbon-based fuel intermediate; wherein the converting comprises subjecting at least a portion of the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a reverse water gas shift reaction to produce carbon monoxide and water, and wherein the carbon monoxide so produced, biogenic carbon dioxide, and hydrogen are fed to a biologic or chemical conversion process to produce the second product; and( ...

HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED CHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to the reduction of carbon dioxide by heterogeneous catalysis. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to the reduction of carbon dioxide by heterogeneous catalysis with a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst comprising structurally frustrated Lewis pairs, wherein, for example but not by way of limitation, formic acid is produced and hydrocarbons are indirectly produced. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having structurally frustrated Lewis pairs therein. 1. A hydrogenation process , comprising:contacting (i) a compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carbonyls, nitriles, alkenes, alkynes, and combinations thereof and (ii) a catalyst comprising a solid material comprising a sheet of catalytically active material having frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs along a surface of the sheet; andcatalytically hydrogenating the compound.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises at least one carbonyl group.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the compound is carbon dioxide.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide produces formic acid.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid material having frustrated Lewis pairs comprises a solid surface having at least one Lewis acid site and at least one Lewis base site claim 1 , and at least one defect frustrating at least one pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base sites claim 1 , wherein the at least one frustrated pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base sites is catalytically active.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid material having frustrated Lewis pairs comprises a solid surface having Lewis acid moieties and Lewis base moieties spaced a distance apart from one another such that catalytic activity is present there-between and the ...

CATALYST FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON FROM SYNGAS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATALYST, METHOD FOR REGENERATING CATALYST, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON FROM SYNGAS

The present invention provides a catalyst for producing a hydrocarbon from a syngas, including one of a cobalt metal and a combination of a cobalt metal and cobalt oxides; zirconium oxides; and a noble metal; supported by a catalyst support mainly composed of silica, wherein a content of impurities in the catalyst is less than or equal to 0.15 mass %; a producing method and regenerating method thereof; and a producing method of the hydrocarbon by using the catalyst. 1. A catalyst for producing a hydrocarbon from a syngas , comprises:one of a cobalt metal and a combination of a cobalt metal and cobalt oxides;zirconium oxides;a noble metal;inevitable impurities; anda catalyst support including silica and supporting all of them:wherein a content of the inevitable impurities supported by the catalyst is less than or equal to 0.15 mass %.2. The catalyst for producing a hydrocarbon from a syngas according to claim 1 , whereinthe impurities of the catalyst are at least one from simple substances and compounds of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron.3. The catalyst for producing a hydrocarbon from a syngas according to or claim 1 , whereinthe noble metal is at least any one of rhodium, palladium, platinum, and ruthenium.4. The catalyst for producing a hydrocarbon from a syngas according to any one of to claim 1 , whereinthe content of the impurities in the catalyst is less than or equal to 0.03 mass %.5. The catalyst for producing a hydrocarbon from a syngas according to any one of to claim 1 , whereinthe loading amount of one of the cobalt metal and the combination of the cobalt metal and the cobalt oxides in the catalyst is 5 to 50 mass % in terms of cobalt metal, and the loading amount of the zirconium oxides is 0.03 to 0.6 in the molar ratio of Zr/Co, and the loading amount of the noble metal is less than or equal to 1 mass %.6. The catalyst for producing a hydrocarbon from a syngas in any one of to claim 1 , whereinthe amount of one of alkali metals and ...

SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LIQUID TRANSPORTATION FUELS

Disclosed in the application include systems and processes for producing a liquid transportation fuel product using a carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A system for converting a carbon-containing feedstock into a liquid transportation fuel product , the system comprising{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'an air-blown producer gas reactor operable to convert the carbon-containing feedstock into a producer gas comprising H, CO, CO, and N, with substoichiometeric amounts of Hand CO (less than 2:1 molar ratio of Hto CO);'} wherein the F-T reactor is fluidly coupled to a source of feed gas and operable to convert at least a portion of the feed gas into a FTS product, wherein the FTS product comprises the liquid transportation fuel product and a first residue, and', 'wherein the cracker is fluidly coupled to the F-T reactor and operable to catalytically crack at least a portion of the first residue to produce an additional amount of the liquid transportation fuel product and a second residue; and, 'a processing unit, wherein the processing unit comprises a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reactor, and a cracker,'}a product upgrading unit, wherein the product upgrading unit is operable to produce an additional amount of the liquid transportation fuel product from a product gas.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing feedstock comprises at least one feedstock selected from the group consisting of a ligno-cellulosic biomass solid claim 1 , a biomass derived oil claim 1 , a biomass derived gas claim 1 , and a fossil-fuel derived carbonaceous feedstock.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the F-T reactor is fluidly coupled to the air-blown producer gas reactor claim 1 , wherein the feed gas to the F-T reactor comprises the producer gas.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the product gas comprises at least a portion of the first residue or at least a portion of the second residue.5. The system of comprising a hard-wax trap claim 1 , wherein the hard-wax trap is fluidly coupled to ...

ENERGY CONVERTING DEVICE FOR CONVERTING ELECTRIC ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY, ELECTRICAL NETWORK COMPRISING SUCH AN ENERGY CONVERTING DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SUCH AN ENERGY CONVERTING DEVICE

An energy converting device and method for converting electric energy into chemical energy, including an electrolysis device which can be connected to an electrical network and is designed to split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electric power; a fuel synthesis device which is fluidically connected to the electrolysis device such that the fuel synthesis device can be supplied with hydrogen generated in the electrolysis device as a reactant, wherein the fuel synthesis device is designed to synthesize a fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and an internal combustion engine which is fluidically connected to the electrolysis device such that the internal combustion engine can be supplied with oxygen generated in the electrolysis device. The internal combustion engine is designed to be operated in a continuous mode using the oxygen generated in the electrolysis device as combustion gas. 110-. (canceled)11. An energy-converting device for converting electrical energy into chemical energy , comprising:an electrolysis device connectable to an electricity network and configured to split water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrical power from the electricity network;a fuel synthesis device connected in terms of flow to the electrolysis device so that hydrogen produced in the electrolysis device is feedable as a starting product to the fuel synthesis device, wherein the fuel synthesis device is configured to synthesize a fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide; anda combustion engine connected in terms of flow to the electrolysis device so that oxygen produced in the electrolysis device is feedable to the combustion engine, whereinthe combustion engine is configured to be operated in a continuous operation mode with the oxygen produced in the electrolysis device as combustion gas.12. The energy-converting device according to claim 11 , wherein the combustion engine is connected in terms of flow to the fuel synthesis device so that carbon dioxide formed in the combustion ...

FUEL GENERATION USING HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS METHODS

Methods of making fuel are described herein. A method may include providing a first working fluid, a second working fluid, and a third working fluid. The method may also include exposing the first working fluid to a first high voltage electric field to produce a first plasma, exposing the second working fluid to a second high voltage electric field to produce a second plasma, and exposing the third working fluid to a third high voltage electric field to produce a third plasma. The method may also include providing and contacting a carbon-based feedstock with the third plasma, the second plasma, and the first plasma within a processing chamber to form a mixture, cooling the mixture using a heat exchange device to form a cooled mixture, and contacting the cooled mixture with a catalyst to form a fuel. 1. A method of making fuel , the method comprising:providing a first working fluid;exposing the first working fluid to a first high voltage electric field to produce a first plasma;providing a second working fluid;exposing the second working fluid to a second high voltage electric field to produce a second plasma;providing a third working fluid;exposing the third working fluid to a third high voltage electric field to produce a third plasma;providing a carbon-based feedstock;contacting the carbon-based feedstock with the third plasma, the second plasma, and the first plasma within a processing chamber to form a mixture;cooling the mixture using a heat exchange device to form a cooled mixture; andcontacting the cooled mixture with a catalyst to form a fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transporting the mixture to a heat exchange device.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising collecting the fuel.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first working fluid is oxygen gas.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second working fluid is water vapor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third working fluid is carbon dioxide gas.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

Environmentally-friendly integrated installation for producing chemical and petrochemical products

An environmentally-friendly integrated installation includes a combined air separation and carbon dioxide capture installation and an electrolysis unit. In certain embodiments, the integrated installation additionally includes a unit for producing renewable energy. A control unit and a computer program product are provided for the integrated installation. A method for producing chemical products in the integrated installation, and the use of the integrated installation to produce chemical products are disclosed and use as a chemical store for fluctuating renewable energies is disclosed.

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR CONVERTING METHANE TO AROMATICS AND OTHER CHEMICALS

Systems and methods for integrated production of aromatics and other chemicals are described. Systems and methods may include a process for producing benzene, methanol, butanals, dimethyl ethers, olefins and other chemicals that includes providing methane to a first reactor to produce a first product stream comprising benzene and hydrogen; recovering benzene and mixing the first product stream with a carbon dioxide and/or steam feed stream; providing the combined benzene depleted first product stream and carbon dioxide and/or steam feed stream to a second reactor to produce a second product stream comprising synthesis gas, water and unconverted methane and carbon dioxide; and providing the synthesis gas to a third reactor to produce a third product stream comprising methanol, butanals, and other chemicals. 1. A process for producing aromatics and other chemicals , the process comprising:providing methane to a first reactor to produce a first product stream comprising benzene and hydrogen;recovering benzene from the first product stream and mixing the remaining first product stream with a carbon dioxide or steam feed stream to create a combined product stream;providing the combined product stream comprising methane, C2's, C3's, and carbon dioxide or steam to a second reactor to produce a second product stream comprising synthesis gas, water, unconverted methane and carbon dioxide; andproviding the synthesis gas to a third reactor to produce a third product stream comprising methanol, butanal, olefins, or dimethyl ether.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first reactor produces the first product stream by dehydroaromatization.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second reactor is a reforming reactor.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the third reactor is a methanol synthesis reactor claim 1 , hydroformylation reactor claim 1 , or dimethyl ether synthesis reactor.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the third reactor is a methanol synthesis reactor.6. The ...

Methods, Systems, and Apparatuses for Use of Carbon Dioxide in a Fischer-Tropsch System

The present disclosure includes a method of producing a liquid FT hydrocarbon stream, an FT tail gas stream and an FT water stream using an FT reactor feed in an FT reactor under low temperature, high pressure FT operating conditions. The FT reactor feed includes syngas, the syngas having a low H:CO ratio in the range of approximately 1.4:1 to approximately 1.8:1, and carbon dioxide at a level of at least as high as about 10 volume percent. The FT reactor has a cobalt-based, alumina-supported FT catalyst. In embodiments, a syngas preparation unit is used to produce the syngas and carbon dioxide recovered from the FT tail gas is recycled to the syngas preparation unit. Other methods, systems and apparatuses are also disclosed. 1. A method of producing Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) hydrocarbons via FT synthesis in an FT reactor , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a) producing a liquid FT hydrocarbon stream, an FT tail gas stream and an FT water stream using an FT reactor feed in the FT reactor under low temperature, high pressure FT operating conditions, the FT reactor feed comprising a mixture of carbon dioxide and syngas, the syngas having a low H:CO ratio in the range of approximately 1.4:1 to approximately 1.8:1, and, the FT reactor feed having a level of carbon dioxide at least as high as about 10 volume % and the FT reactor having a cobalt-based, alumina-supported FT catalyst.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:b) sending a first portion of the FT tail gas stream to a carbon dioxide recovery unit;c) using the carbon dioxide recovery unit to recover a carbon dioxide stream from the first portion of the FT tail gas; andd) recycling the carbon dioxide stream upstream of the FT reactor.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream is recycled as a feed to the FT reactor.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least a first portion of the carbon dioxide stream is recycled upstream of a syngas preparation unit used to produce ...

PROVIDING CARBON DIOXIDE BY MEANS OF OXYGEN-BASED COMBUSTION

A method for preparing a carbonaceous product includes providing oxygen, in particular from electrolysis, and providing a fuel. The method also includes combusting the fuel with the oxygen by an oxy-fuel combustion process in order to provide energy, purifying a flue gas produced by the oxy-fuel combustion process, and separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas produced by the oxy-fuel combustion process, wherein energy provided by the oxy-fuel combustion process includes, in particular exclusively, heat which is used as process heat for purifying and/or for synthesising or providing the carbonaceous product. A corresponding system is designed to carry out the described method. 1. A process for producing a carbon-containing product , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'providing oxygen (O), and a fuel,'}{'sub': '2', 'combusting the fuel by means of the oxygen (O) in an oxyfuel process to provide energy,'}purifying a flue gas formed by the oxyfuel process, and{'sub': '2', 'separating carbon dioxide (CO) from the flue gas formed by the oxyfuel process, wherein energy provided by the oxyfuel process comprises heat which is utilized as process heat for the purification and/or for a synthesis or provision of the carbon-containing product.'}2. The process as claimed in claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'wherein hydrogen (H) is provided and the carbon dioxide (CO) which has been separated off is reacted with the hydrogen (H) to give a carbon-containing product.'}3. The process as claimed in claim 2 ,wherein the synthesis of the carbon-containing product or the reaction comprises a reverse water gas shift reaction.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the carbon-containing product is a secondary energy carrier.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the carbon-containing product is methane, methanol, MTBE, DME, OME, kerosene, gasoline, diesel and/or waxes.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the fuel is biomass or biomass-based, and/or a standardized fuel present ...

Sulphur-Assisted Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) Methods and Systems

Disclosed herein is a system and method for sulphur-assisted carbon capture and utilization. The system includes a sulphur depolarized electrolyser (SDE) for receiving electricity, HO and SOand for electrolysing the HO and SOto produce hydrogen and sulphuric acid (HSO), a decomposition reactor for receiving and decomposing the HSOinto SOand HO, wherein the HO is recycled to the SDE, a sulphur submerged combustor for converting the SOto SOand producing Svapor, a sulphur power plant for combusting Svapor to produce SO, electricity and heat and for supplying the SOand the electricity to the SDE and for supplying the heat to the decomposition reactor. The hydrogen is delivered to a carbon capture and utilization facility. An optional Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) regenerable system removes SOfrom flue gas, a COconverter generates COS, and a separator separates the COS from the flue gas. 1. A system for sulphur-assisted carbon capture and utilization , the system comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '4, 'a sulphur depolarized electrolyser (SDE) for receiving electricity, HO and SOand for electrolysing the HO and SOto produce hydrogen and sulphuric acid (HSO);'}{'sub': 2', '4', '3', '2', '2, 'a decomposition reactor for receiving and decomposing the HSOinto SOand HO, wherein the HO is recycled to the SDE;'}{'sub': 3', '2', 'n, 'a sulphur submerged combustor for converting the SOto SOand producing Svapor;'}{'sub': n', '2', '2, 'a sulphur power plant for combusting Svapor to produce SO, electricity and heat and for supplying the SOand the electricity to the SDE and for supplying the heat to the decomposition reactor;'}wherein the hydrogen is delivered to a carbon capture and utilization facility.2. The system of further comprising the carbon utilization facility which is configured to form fuel or chemicals by combining the hydrogen and carbon dioxide.3. The system of further comprising an evaporating reactor for concentrating the HSOin addition to the decomposition ...

FUEL SYNTHESIS CATALYST AND FUEL SYNTHESIS SYSTEM

A fuel synthesis catalyst of an embodiment for hydrogenating a gas includes at least one selected from the group consisting of; carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, the catalyst comprising, a base material containing at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of; AlO, MgO, TiO, and SiO, first metals containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of; Ni, Co, Fe, and Cu and brought into contact with the base material, and a first oxide containing at least one selected from the group consisting of; CeO, ZrO, TiO, and SiOand having an interface with each of the first metals and the base material. The first metals exist on an outer surface of the base material, and on a surface of the base material in fine pores having opening ends on the outer surface of the base material and inside the base material. The first metals and the first oxide exist in the fine pores. The first metals have interfaces with the base material in the fine pores. The first metals exist inside the base material.

Process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the fischer-tropsch process integrated into refineries

The present invention relates to a process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process integrated into refineries, in particular comprising recycling streams from the steam reforming hydrogen production process as the feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch process.

CATALYST COMPRISING IRON AND CARBON NANOTUBES

Improved catalyst comprising iron and carbon nanotubes. The invention relates to a process for making a catalyst comprising carbon nanotubes and iron-based particles, the process comprising the steps of: a)preparing carbon nanotubes comprising iron-based particles by chemical vapour deposition of a vapour of a carbon-containing substance in the presence of an iron-containing substance; b) subjecting the carbon nanotubes comprising iron-based particles to oxidising conditions to selectively etch away graphite layers covering the iron-based particles, thereby exposing the iron-based particles at the surface of the carbon nanotubes and at least partially oxidising the iron-based particles; and c) subjecting the carbon nanotubes comprising iron-based particles to reducing conditions in order to at least partially reduce the iron-based particles. The catalyst may be used in the manufacture of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, or for carbon capture and utilization. 1. A process for making a catalyst comprising carbon nanotubes and iron-based particles , the process comprising the steps of:a) preparing carbon nanotubes comprising iron-based particles by chemical vapour deposition of a vapour of a carbon-containing substance in the presence of an iron-containing substance;b) subjecting the carbon nanotubes comprising iron-based particles to oxidising conditions to selectively etch away graphite layers covering the iron-based particles, thereby exposing the iron-based particles at the surface of the carbon nanotubes and at least partially oxidising the iron-based particles; andc) subjecting the carbon nanotubes comprising iron-based particles to reducing conditions in order to at least partially reduce the iron-based particles.2. A process as claimed in in which step b) includes heating the carbon nanotubes comprising iron-based particles in air to a temperature in the range of from 520° C. to 620° C.3. A process as claimed in in which step c) includes ...

Direct Synthesis of Hydrocarbons from Co-Electrolysis Solid Oxide Cell

A method for generating hydrocarbons using a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and a Fischer-Tropsch unit in a single microtubular reactor is described. This method can directly synthesize hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide and water. The method integrates high temperature co-electrolysis of HO and COand low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process in a single microtubular reactor by designation of a temperature gradient along the axial length of the microtubular reactor. In practice, methods disclosed herein can provide direct conversion of COto hydrocarbons for use as feedstock or energy storage. 1. A method for generating hydrocarbons , the method comprising:heating a first region of a microtubular reactor to a first temperature, the first region of the microtubular reactor including a cathode and an anode in electrical communication with one another and an oxygen ion conducting electrolyte between the cathode and the anode;{'sub': 2', '2, 'flowing a feed stream to the cathode of the first region, the feed stream including HO and CO; and'}collecting a hydrocarbon downstream of a second region of the microtubular reactor, the second region being downstream of the first region and being at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature, the second region including a Fischer-Tropsch reaction catalyst in fluid communication and downstream of the cathode.2. The method of claim 1 , the feed stream further comprising H.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is from about 500° C. to about 1000° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second region is from about 200° C. to about 500° C.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a voltage potential across the cathode and the anode.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising preheating the feed stream.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature and the second temperature are components of a temperature gradient along the microtubular reactor.8. The method of ...

A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC JET FUEL

There is described a process for producing a semi-synthetic jet fuel, a fully synthetic jet fuel, or a combination of both, by converting feedstock into hydrocarbons. 1. A process for producing synthetic jet fuel , comprisingconverting feedstock to synthesis gas;converting the synthesis gas into a mixture comprising liquid hydrocarbons;refining the mixture comprising liquid hydrocarbons to isolate a kerosene product; andhydrotreating the kerosene product to form synthetic jet fuel.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein converting feedstock to synthesis gas comprises: pyrolyzing the feedstock under aqueous conditions to form a mixture comprising biocrude.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the feedstock comprises biomass claim 2 , organic materials claim 2 , waste streams claim 2 , or a combination thereof with a high water content.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein converting feedstock to synthesis gas comprises: pyrolyzing the feedstock to form a mixture comprising biocrude.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the feedstock comprises biomass claim 4 , organic materials claim 4 , waste streams claim 4 , or a combination thereof with a low water content.6. The process of any one of to claim 4 , wherein converting feedstock to synthesis gas further comprises:gasifying the mixture comprising biocrude to form the synthesis gas.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein gasifying the mixture comprising biocrude comprises:{'sub': 4', '2', '2, 'supercritical water gasification of the mixture comprising biocrude to form a mixture comprising CH, CO, CO, and H; and'}{'sub': 4', '2', '2, 'reforming the mixture comprising CH, CO, CO, and Hto form the synthesis gas.'}8. The process of claim 7 , wherein reforming comprises dry reformation and steam reformation.9. The process of any one of to claim 7 , wherein when converting feedstock to synthesis gas claim 7 , the process further comprises:adding an oil feedstock, a sugar feedstock, and/or an alcohol feedstock to the mixture comprising ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE FLEXIBLE USE OF ELECTRICITY

The present invention relates to an integrated plant which comprises a plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne and a separating device for separating ethyne from the reaction mixture of the electrothermic production of ethyne while obtaining at least one stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, the integrated plant having a device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network, to which device a stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons is fed from the separating device via at least one conduit. This integrated plant affords flexible use of electricity by a method in which a stream of gas, containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, is fed into a natural gas network from the separating device and the amount and/or the composition of the stream of gas fed into the natural gas network is changed in dependence on the electricity supply. 125.-. (canceled)26. An integrated plant , comprising a plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne and a separating device for separating ethyne from the reaction mixture of the electrothermic production of ethyne while obtaining at least one stream of gas containing hydrogen , hydrocarbons or both , wherein the integrated plant has a device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network , to which device said stream of gas containing hydrogen , hydrocarbons or both is fed from said separating device via at least one conduit.27. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network comprises at least one reservoir for hydrogen.28. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network comprises at least one reservoir for a hydrocarbon-containing gas.29. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network comprises a device for mixing gases.30. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network ...

PRODUCT SELECTIVITY FOR CO2 REDUCTION

A COreduction system has a cathode in contact with a catholyte. The cathode includes a selectivity-determining layer on an electron conductor. The selectivity-determining layer includes a selectivity-determining component that includes a substituted heterocycle. 1. A COreduction system , comprising: 'the cathode including a selectivity-determining layer on an electron conductor, the selectivity-determining layer including a selectivity-determining component that includes a substituted heterocycle.', 'a cathode in contact with a catholyte,'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the substituted heterocycle includes one or more nitrogens in a ring structure.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein a substituent on the substituted heterocycle includes an aryl group.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the aryl group is substituted.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catholyte includes an additive and the selectivity-determining component includes a reduced form of the additive.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catholyte includes an additive and the selectivity-determining component is selected from a group consisting of a dimer claim 1 , an oligomer claim 1 , and a polymer.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the substituted heterocycle is one of multiple substituted heterocycles included in the selectivity-determining component and the selectivity-determining component includes multiple units that each includes one or more of the substituted heterocycles.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catholyte includes an additive from which the selectivity-determining component can be formed by electrodeposition.11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the additive is positively charged.13. A COreduction system claim 10 , comprising: 'the catholyte including an additive, the additive including a substituted heterocycle.', 'a cathode in contact with a catholyte,'}14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the additive is positively charged.15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the ...

PARTICLE EXTRUSION

A die is provided for extruding elongate particles suitable for use in catalysis. The die comprises a plurality of channels extending from an inlet to an outlet. From the inlet to the outlet each channel comprises a first section with a helical bore with a non-circular cross-section, and a second section with a cylindrical bore. The cylindrical bore of the second section which has a diameter equal or greater than that of the first section. The second section is at least twice as long as a diameter of the first section. 1. A method of making helically formed extrudate particles for use in catalysis , comprising the steps:providing an extruder with a die, the die comprising a plurality of channels extending from an inlet to an outlet, wherein from the inlet to the outlet each channel comprises a first section with a helical bore with a non-circular cross-section, and a second section with a cylindrical bore which has a diameter equal or greater than that of the first section, wherein the second section is at least twice as long as a diameter of the first section;preparing a starting mixture for extrusion;feeding the starting mixture through the die of the extruder; andseparating extruded material from the die of the extruder to provide the helically formed extrudate particles.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first section of the die has a helical trilobal form.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the length of the first section of the die is at least equal to a pitch of the helical bore.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second section of the die is substantially circular in cross-section.5. The method as claimed in wherein each channel of the die further comprises between the inlet and the first section a tapered inlet section wider at the inlet than at the first section claim 1 , wherein an angle of taper for the tapered inlet section is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each ...

Method for processing fischer-tropsch off-gas

This invention concerns a method for recovering carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from Fischer-Tropsch off-gas by feeding Fischer-Tropsch off-gas through a column comprising an adsorbent bed, and discharging effluent, optionally rinsing the column and the adsorbent bed by feeding carbon dioxide and discharging effluent until at least 60% of the carbon monoxide that was present in the bed is discharged, pressurizing the column and adsorbent bed with carbon dioxide, rinsing the column and the adsorbent bed by feeding carbon dioxide, until at least 60% of the methane and optionally an amount equal to at least 50% of the carbon dioxide present at the commencement of this rinsing step is discharged, rinsing the column and adsorbent bed by feeding a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, pressurizing the column and adsorbent bed by feeding a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. With this method a feed comprising at least 50 vol % carbon monoxide can be produced. Furthermore, methane and carbon dioxide at a high pressure can be recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch gas. This can be fed to a gasifier or a reformer. In a preferred embodiment a gas comprising at least 80 vol % hydrogen is produced as well.

FUEL SYNTHESIS FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

A method of synthesizing fuel from an aqueous solution includes pumping the aqueous solution, containing dissolved inorganic carbon, from a body of water into a carbon extraction unit. The method further includes extracting the dissolved inorganic carbon from the aqueous solution to create COby changing a pH of the aqueous solution in the carbon extraction unit. The COderived in the carbon extraction unit is received by a fuel synthesis unit, and the COis converted into fuel including at least one of a hydrocarbon, an ether, or an alcohol using the fuel synthesis unit. 1. A method of synthesizing fuel from an aqueous solution , comprising:pumping the aqueous solution containing dissolved inorganic carbon from a body of water into a carbon extraction unit;{'sub': '2', 'extracting the dissolved inorganic carbon from the aqueous solution to create COby changing a pH of the aqueous solution in the carbon extraction unit;'}{'sub': '2', 'receiving the COfrom the carbon extraction unit with a fuel synthesis unit; and'}{'sub': '2', 'converting the COinto the fuel including at least one of a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, or an ether using the fuel synthesis unit.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the COinto the fuel includes reacting the COwith hydrogen to produce the alcohol claim 1 , and wherein the alcohol includes methanol.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising decomposing water into the hydrogen and oxygen claim 2 , using at least one of alkaline electrolysis claim 2 , polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis claim 2 , or solid oxide electrolysis.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein reacting the COwith the hydrogen includes decomposing water in the aqueous solution into the hydrogen and oxygen claim 2 , and reacting the hydrogen and the COin the presence of a catalyst to produce the methanol.5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising at least one of dehydrating the methanol to produce dimethyl ether claim 2 , or dehydrating the methanol to produce the ...

Chemical extraction from an aqueous solution

A method of chemical extraction from an aqueous solution includes receiving an aqueous solution including dissolved inorganic carbon. The method also includes increasing a pH of a first portion of the aqueous solution to form a basic solution. The basic solution is then combined with a second portion of the aqueous solution to precipitate calcium salts. The calcium salts are then collected.

CNT SHEET SUBSTRATES AND TRANSITION METALS DEPOSITED ON SAME

The present subject matter relates generally to the derivatization of highly-aligned carbon nanotube sheet substrates with one or more transition metal centers and to uses of the resulting metal-derivatized CNT sheet substrates. 1. A CNT sheet or CNT substrate derivatized with one or more metal centers selected from the group of Cu , Pt , Ru , Ti , Pd , Sn , Ag , Au , CuO , CuO , TiO , PdO , SnO , AgO , AuO , Ag/Ti , Pt/Ru , Ag/TiO , Sn/TiO , Pt/TiO , Au/TiO , and Pt/AlO.2. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of Cu claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Ag/Ti and Pt/Ru.3. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of Cu claim 2 , Ti claim 2 , Pt claim 2 , Ag claim 2 , and Au.4. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises Cu.5. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of CuO claim 1 , CuO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , PdO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , AgO claim 1 , and AuO.6. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises TiO.7. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises one or more of Ag/TiO claim 1 , Sn/TiO claim 1 , Pt/TiO claim 1 , Au/TiO claim 1 , and Pt/AlO.8. The CNT sheet or CNT substrate of wherein said one or more metal centers comprises Ag/TiO.9. A catalyst comprising the CNT sheet or CNT substrate of .10. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein said catalyst is an electrocatalyst.11. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein said catalyst is a photoelectrocatalyst.12. A method of converting carbon dioxide to one or more of carbon monoxide claim 1 , methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , higher order hydrocarbons or a combination thereof comprising exposing said carbon dioxide to a catalyst comprising the CNT sheet or CNT substrate of .13. A method of preparing a CNT sheet or ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING MONOCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS AND LONG-CHAIN OLEFIN COMPOUNDS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE-RICH SYNTHESIS GAS

Disclosed is a method for directly synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds from a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas and, specifically, a method for directly synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds from a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas, the method comprising a step of preparing a C-Cshort-chain hydrocarbon by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis and a step of preparing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds by dehydrogenating the short-chain hydrocarbon products, and maximizing the yield of the short-chain hydrocarbon by using, as a synthetic gas to be used in FT synthesis, a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas in which the molar ratio of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is delimited to a specific range, and maximizing the yield of the monocyclic aromatic compounds or the long-chain olefin compounds by specifying the composition of a catalyst to be used in the dehydrogenation and the temperature and pressure condition. 1. A method for synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds from a carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas , which comprises: i) a step of preparing a hydrocarbon by conducting a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process in the presence of an iron-based catalyst using a carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas with a CO/(CO+CO) molar ratio controlled within a range from 0.4 to 0.65 as a source material; ii) a step of separating a C-Cshort-chain hydrocarbon from the hydrocarbon products; and iii) a step of preparing C-Cmonocyclic aromatic compounds and C-Clong-chain olefin compounds by dehydrogenating the C-Cshort-chain hydrocarbon in the presence of a crystalline aluminosilicate-based catalyst , hydrogen and water.2. The method for synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas in the step i) has a H/(2CO+3CO) molar ratio of 0.85-1.1.3. The ...

IProton Sponge As Supplement To Electrolytes For Photocatalytic And Electrochemical Co2 Reduction

The invention relates to a method for converting carbon dioxide and water, wherein the electrolyte comprises a proton sponge which serves to accumulate CO2 in the electrolyte. The invention further relates to a corresponding use of a proton sponge and to an electrolyte comprising at least one proton sponge.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SYNTHESIZING FUEL FROM DILUTE CARBON DIOXIDE SOURCE

A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide comprises extracting hydrogen molecules from hydrogen compounds in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing fluid stream; extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in a carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide containing fluid stream; and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams to produce a synthetic fuel. At least some thermal energy and/or material used for at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams is obtained from thermal energy and/or material produced by another one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams. 1211-. (canceled)212. A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide , comprising:extracting hydrogen molecules from at least one hydrogen compound in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing feed stream; contacting the dilute gaseous mixture with a carbon dioxide capture solution,', {'sub': '3', 'precipitating at least some captured carbon dioxide into CaCOsolids, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'operating a calciner to calcine the CaCOsolids to produce a calciner product gas stream comprising the carbon dioxide feed stream; and'}], 'extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in an atmospheric carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide-containing feed stream, where extracting carbon dioxide molecules comprisesprocessing the hydrogen- and carbon dioxide-containing feed streams to produce a synthetic fuel, where at least some material used in at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, or processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing feed streams comprises ...

Hydrocarbon production comprises producing hydrocarbons from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water

Hydrocarbon production comprises producing hydrocarbons from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water.

Sequestration of carbon dioxide

The use of hydrogen to manufacture hydrocarbons, utilising carbon dioxide extracted from the atmosphere or from an exhaust flow prior to release into the atmosphere. The hydrogen may be "carbon free" or "low-carbon" and may be produced by electrolysis or photolysis. The electricity required for this electrolysis may be derived from a "carbon free" or "low-carbon" process such as solar or wind power. The hydrocarbons may be fuel in the range of C1 to C26 or may be in the range of C26 to C70+ for sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The manufacture may be a Fischer-Tropsch reaction including a material which promotes the synthesis of higher chain hydrocarbons.

一种芳烃合成用催化剂及其制备方法和应用

本发明公开了一种芳烃合成用催化剂及其制备方法和应用。所述催化剂包含质量比为1∶5～5∶1的锌铝尖晶石氧化物与酸性分子筛，其中所述锌铝尖晶石氧化物中任选含有选自铬、锆、铜、锰、铟、镓和硅中的至少一种其它元素，并且所述酸性分子筛选自酸性ZSM‑5分子筛、酸性ZSM‑11分子筛和它们的混合物。所述催化剂在应用于二氧化碳加氢直接制取芳烃的方法中时，能使二氧化碳加氢高选择性生成芳烃，催化剂稳定性好。本发明的方法实现了二氧化碳加氢一步生成芳烃，降低了分步生产带来的大量能耗问题。

Potassium-promoted red mud as a catalyst for forming hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide

A method and catalyst for forming higher carbon number products from carbon dioxide is provided. An exemplary catalyst includes red mud including iron and aluminum, and impregnated potassium.

Fischer-tropsch process for the production of hydrocarbons based on biogas

Fischer-tropsch synthesis

A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process ( 10 ) includes feeding gaseous reactants ( 20 ) including at least CO, H 2 and CO 2 into a reactor ( 14 ) holding an iron-based catalyst. The H 2 and CO are fed in a H 2 :CO molar ratio of at least 2:1 and the CO 2 and CO are fed in a CO 2 :CO molar ratio of at least 0.5:1. The reactor ( 14 ) is controlled at an operating temperature in the range from about 260° C. to about 300° C. A liquid product ( 22 ) and a gaseous product ( 24 ) including hydrocarbons, CO, H 2 , water and CO 2 are withdrawn from the reactor ( 14 ).

Fisher-tropsh synthesis

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process includes feeding gaseous reactants including at least CO, Hand CO, into a reactor containing an iron-based catalyst, where Hand CO are fed in a molar ratio of H: CO of at least 2:1, and COand CO are fed in a CO:CO ratio of at least 0.5:1; controlling the operating temperature of the reactor in the range from 260 °C to 300 °C, withdrawal of liquid product and gaseous product containing hydrocarbons, CO, H, water and CO, from the reactor; wherein approximation to the equilibrium of the steam reforming in the gaseous product withdrawn from the reactor according to equation 5 is less than 0.9,where T is the operating temperature of the reactor in kelvin, and P is the partial pressure of gases CO, CO, Hand water vapour in the gaseous product.EFFECT: process is characterised by low selectivity of the formation of carbon dioxide without the need for a large amount of carbon dioxide in the feed gas for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.15 cl, 3 dwg, 3 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 670 756 C9 (51) МПК C10G 2/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) СКОРРЕКТИРОВАННОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ Примечание: библиография отражает состояние при переиздании (52) СПК C10G 2/00 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2016141452, 19.03.2015 19.03.2015 (73) Патентообладатель(и): САСОЛ ТЭКНОЛОДЖИ ПРОПРИЭТЭРИ ЛИМИТЭД (ZA) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 4279830 A, 21.07.1981. US (43) Дата публикации заявки: 24.04.2018 Бюл. № 12 (45) Опубликовано: 25.10.2018 (15) Информация о коррекции: Версия коррекции №1 (W1 C2) 2 6 7 0 7 5 6 R U 17.12.2018 Бюл. № 35 C 9 C 9 (48) Коррекция опубликована: 2005113463 A1, 26.05.2005. EA 200870369 A1, 28.04.2009. ЕА 8048 В1, 27.02.2007. RU 2450043 С2, 10.05.2012. Thomas Riedel, Michael Claeys, Hans Schulz et. al. Comparative study of Fischer-Tropsch ...

一种芳烃合成用催化剂及其制备方法和应用

本发明公开了一种芳烃合成用催化剂及其制备方法和应用。所述催化剂包含质量比为1∶5～5∶1的锌铝尖晶石氧化物与酸性分子筛，其中所述锌铝尖晶石氧化物中任选含有选自铬、锆、铜、锰、铟、镓和硅中的至少一种其它元素，并且所述酸性分子筛选自酸性ZSM‑5分子筛、酸性ZSM‑11分子筛和它们的混合物。所述催化剂在应用于二氧化碳加氢直接制取芳烃的方法中时，能使二氧化碳加氢高选择性生成芳烃，催化剂稳定性好。本发明的方法实现了二氧化碳加氢一步生成芳烃，降低了分步生产带来的大量能耗问题。

Hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and Method for preparing of hydrocarbons thereof

본 발명은 피셔-트롭쉬 합성반응을 이용한 탄화수소 화합물의 제조방법 및 그 제조방법으로 제조된 탄화수소 화합물에 관한 것으로서, 본 발명의 피셔-트롭쉬 합성반응을 이용한 탄화수소 화합물의 제조방법은, 철계 촉매가 장입된 제1반응기에 CO 2 및 H 2 를 포함하는 제1가스를 주입하여 환원처리 하는 환원단계 및 환원단계에서 환원처리한 철계 촉매가 장입된 제2 반응기에서 H 2 및 CO를 포함하는 제2가스를 반응시켜 탄화수소 화합물을 제조하는 제조단계를 포함한다. 이를 통해 철계 촉매의 환원성을 향상시켜 탄소 수가 5 이상인 탄화수소의 생산성은 높이고, CO 2 의 선택도(selectivity) 및 CH 4 , C 2 -C 4 탄화수소의 선택도를 낮출 수 있다. The present invention relates to a method for producing a hydrocarbon compound using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and a hydrocarbon compound produced by the method, and a method for producing a hydrocarbon compound using the Fischer- The first reactor charged with CO 2 And H 2 , and a second gas containing H 2 and CO in a second reactor charged with an iron-based catalyst reduced in the reducing step to produce a hydrocarbon compound . ≪ / RTI > Through this, it is possible to improve the productivity of hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms and improve the selectivity of CO 2 and the selectivity of CH 4 and C 2 -C 4 hydrocarbons by improving the reducibility of the iron-based catalysts.

A catalyst and a process for catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide-containing gas and hydrogen streams to hydrocarbons

The invention relates to a catalyst suitable for use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas, said catalyst comprising spinel phase of the formula [ Fe 2+ (Fe 3+ yAl 3+ 1-y) 2 O 4 ]. Processes for preparing the catalyst and processes for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst are also disclosed.

How to convert carbon dioxide into synthetic hydrocarbon through a process of catalytic hydrogenation called CO2hydrocarbonation

This process uses two catalysts instead of one, converting CO2 into C8H18. Addition of a NaCl catalyst to a Ni catalyst improves the efficiency of Fischer's process because the salt catalyst retains humidity. Furthermore, chlorine opens chemical chains and sodium prevents crystals of oxygen from covering the Ni catalyst. If we are equipped to produce CO2 from biogas or smoke, we can recycle this CO2 and yield a useful liquid. In fact, recycling CO2 into a synthetic crude hydrocarbon, octane, contributes to clean air and to produce a valuable source of energy. Because CO2 is a renewable resource, this process favors a lasting economic development.

Метод за получаване на въглеводороди от въглероден диоксид

Методът се прилага в производството на горива и суровини за производство на химически продукти, по-специално за промишлено получаване на въглеводороди от въглероден диоксид с повишен рандеман, включително на течни С5-С10, които са основни компоненти на моторните горива. Той е икономически ефективен. Методът включва етап на получаване на въглероден диоксид чрез адсорбция с етаноламин от димни газове, десорбция и смесване с Н2 в обемно съотношение 4, компримиране до налягане от 35 до 50 аtm, нагряване до 300 -350 градуса С и пропускане през катализатор с обемна скорост 1500 h-1. Катализаторът съдържа в % от масата Fе от 40 до 45, Мо 1.0 -2.5, К 1.0 - 1.5, а като носител се използва комбинация от алуминий, цирконий, техните оксиди и фосфати. Възможно е газообразните въглеводороди, получени при процеса на хидриране на въглероден диоксид, да се подлагат на каталитична ароматизация. Възможно е газовата смес Н2 и СO2 и катализаторът в процеса на хидриране на въглеродния диоксид в първия етап да се подлагат на въздействието на модулирани високочестотни полета в честотния диапазон от 1 до 50 МНz при честота на модулация от 1 до 200 КНz, а във втория етап да се подлагат на въздействие на плазма от едноелектродни високочестотни разряди в горната и средната част на реактора.

Catalytic support for use in carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactions

A catalyst support which may be used to support various catalysts for use in reactions for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide including a catalyst support material and an active material capable of catalyzing a reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction associated with the catalyst support material. A catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide may be supported on the catalyst support. A method for making a catalyst for use in hydrogenation of carbon dioxide including application of an active material capable of catalyzing a reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction to a catalyst support material, the coated catalyst support material is optionally calcined, and a catalyst for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide is deposited on the coated catalyst support material. A process for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and for making syngas comprising a hydrocarbon, esp. methane, reforming step and a RWGS step which employs the catalyst composition of the present invention and products thereof.

Catalyst and a process for catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide-containing gas and hydrogen streams to hydrocarbons

The invention relates to a catalyst suitable for use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas, said catalyst comprising spinel phase of the formula [Fe 2+ (Fe 3+ y Al 3+ 1-y ) 2 O 4 ]. Processes for preparing the catalyst and processes for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst are also disclosed.

用于产生长链烃分子的等离激元纳米颗粒催化剂和方法

一种通过光辐射产生烃分子的等离激元纳米颗粒催化剂，其包含至少一种等离激元供体和至少一种催化特性供体，其中等离激元供体和催化特性供体可相互接触或距离小于200nm，并且由光辐射产生的烃分子的分子组成是温度依赖性的。以及一种利用等离激元纳米颗粒催化剂通过光辐射产生烃分子的方法。

Method of hydrocarbons and hydrogen production from water and carbon dioxide

The disclosure relates to energy filed and may be used for the production of such cost-effective power sources as hydrocarbons and hydrogen, as well as an oxidizer, oxygen. The method of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and oxygen production includes a number of main consecutive stages, including water saturation with carbon dioxide to form a saturated carbonated water; passing of the carbonated water through the reactor, which contains a catalyst, with the formation of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and oxygen, that subsequently flow into a separator; separation of reaction products from the initial carbonated water in the separator by means of liquid and gaseous phases separation, while hydrocarbons are separated from the liquid and gaseous phases, and hydrogen and oxygen are additionally separated from the gaseous phase.

Fisher-tropsh synthesis

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process includes feeding gaseous reactants including at least CO, Hand CO, into a reactor containing an iron-based catalyst, where Hand CO are fed in a molar ratio of H: CO of at least 2:1, and COand CO are fed in a CO:CO ratio of at least 0.5:1; controlling the operating temperature of the reactor in the range from 260 °C to 300 °C, withdrawal of liquid product and gaseous product containing hydrocarbons, CO, H, water and CO, from the reactor; wherein approximation to the equilibrium of the steam reforming in the gaseous product withdrawn from the reactor according to equation 5 is less than 0.9,where T is the operating temperature of the reactor in kelvin, and P is the partial pressure of gases CO, CO, Hand water vapour in the gaseous product.EFFECT: process is characterised by low selectivity of the formation of carbon dioxide without the need for a large amount of carbon dioxide in the feed gas for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.15 cl, 3 dwg, 3 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 670 756 C2 (51) МПК C10G 2/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10G 2/00 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2016141452, 19.03.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): САСОЛ ТЭКНОЛОДЖИ ПРОПРИЭТЭРИ ЛИМИТЭД (ZA) Дата регистрации: 25.10.2018 24.03.2014 ZA 2014/02159; 24.03.2014 US 61/969,351 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 24.04.2018 Бюл. № 12 (45) Опубликовано: 25.10.2018 Бюл. № 30 C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 24.10.2016 2005113463 A1, 26.05.2005. EA 200870369 A1, 28.04.2009. ЕА 8048 В1, 27.02.2007. RU 2450043 С2, 10.05.2012. Thomas Riedel, Michael Claeys, Hans Schulz et. al. Comparative study of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with H2/CO and H2/ CO2 syngas using Fe- and Co-based catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: Generai 186 (1999) p.201213. (см. ...

涉及水的电解和二氧化碳氢化为甲烷的用于能量转换和产生的方法和系统

本发明涉及将电能转换为化学能并且任选地根据需要再对其进行转换以发电的方法和系统。在一些优选的实施方案中，电能的源至少部分来自可再生能源。本发明使得常规能量能够转换和产生而不向大气释放CO 2 。用于生产甲烷的一种方法包括电解水以形成氢气和氧气，并使用氢气使二氧化碳氢化以形成甲烷。优选使用在氢化反应中生成的热以加热在电解前的水。优选的用于电解的电能源为可再生能源如太阳能、风能、潮汐能、波浪能、水能或地热能。所述方法使得能够储存在低需求时以甲烷形式获得的能量，其可被储存并用于在高的能量需求期间产生更多的能量。还描述了一种系统，其包含电解设备和氢化设备以及用于运输两种流体的管道。

Синтез фишера-тропша

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2016 141 452 A (51) МПК C10G 2/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016141452, 19.03.2015 (71) Заявитель(и): САСОЛ ТЭКНОЛОДЖИ ПРОПРИЭТЭРИ ЛИМИТЭД (ZA) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 24.03.2014 ZA 2014/02159; 24.03.2014 US 61/969,351 (72) Автор(ы): БОУТС Фредерик Гидеон (ZA) (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 24.10.2016 IB 2015/052022 (19.03.2015) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: A WO 2015/145311 (01.10.2015) Адрес для переписки: 119019, Москва, Гоголевский б-р, 11, этаж 3, "Гоулинг ВЛГ (Интернэшнл) Инк.", Карпенко Оксана Юрьевна R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Способ синтеза Фишера-Тропша, причем способ предусматривает подачу газообразных реагентов, содержащих, по меньшей мере, СО, Н2 и СО2, в реактор, содержащий катализатор на основе железа, причем Н2 и СО подают в мольном отношении H2 : СО по меньшей мере 2:1, а СО2 и СО подают в мольном отношении СО2 : СО по меньшей мере 0,5:1; регулирование рабочей температуры реактора в диапазоне от 260°С до 300°С и отвод жидкого продукта и газообразного продукта, содержащих углеводороды, СО, Н2, воду и СО2, из реактора; причем приближение к равновесию конверсии водяным паром в газообразном продукте, отводимом из реактора, согласно уравнению 5 составляет менее 0,9, где Т является рабочей температурой реактора в градусах Кельвина, а Р является Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 6 1 4 1 4 5 2 (54) СИНТЕЗ ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША 2 0 1 6 1 4 1 4 5 2 (86) Заявка PCT: R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 24.04.2018 Бюл. № 12 A 2 0 1 6 1 4 1 4 5 2 A R U 2 0 1 6 1 4 1 4 5 2 Стр.: 2 R U парциальным давлением газов СО, СО2, H2 и водяного пара в газообразном продукте. 2. Способ синтеза Фишера-Тропша по п. 1, в котором Н2 и СО подают в мольном отношении Н2 : СО по меньшей мере 2,5:1, предпочтительно по меньшей мере 3:1, более предпочтительно по меньшей мере 3,5:1, наиболее предпочтительно по меньшей мере 4:1. 3. Способ ...

一种Cs修饰的铁酸钴分子筛多功能型催化剂及其制备方法和应用

本发明涉及一种Cs修饰的铁酸钴分子筛多功能型催化剂及其制备方法和应用，催化剂的组成为xCs‑Co y Fe z /H‑ZSM‑5(n)，其中x为质量分数，y，z为钴和铁的摩尔量，n为两活性部分的质量比，x＝0‑10,y:z＝1:(1‑10),n＝0‑4。本催化剂通过简单的共沉淀法、浸渍法及物理混合的组合方式制得多功能型催化剂。将本催化剂用于二氧化碳加氢制油品的反应中，CO 2 转化率高达62.1％，CO选择性低于3％，C 2+ 碳氢化合物的选性大于90％，其中C 5+ 选择性大于54％，且有稳定性好、生产周期短、成本低等特点，解决了CO 2 加氢制油品中转化率低和一氧化碳选择性高的问题。

Способы конверсии co2 в синтез-газ

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2017 140 846 A (51) МПК B01J 23/34 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2017140846, 21.04.2016 (71) Заявитель(и): САБИК ГЛОБАЛ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИС Б.В. (NL) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 29.04.2015 US 62/154,308 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 29.11.2017 R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 29.05.2019 Бюл. № 16 (72) Автор(ы): МАМЕДОВ, Агаддин (US), ШАИХ, Шадид (US), РЕА, Кларк (US) (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2016/176105 (03.11.2016) A Адрес для переписки: 119019, Москва, Гоголевский б-р, 11, этаж 3, "Гоулингз Интернэшнл Инк.", Гизатуллина Евгения Михайловна R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Способ получения синтез-газа, предусматривающий: a. обеспечение реакционной камеры, которая содержит катализатор, содержащий Cu и Mn, на твердом носителе; b. подачу реакционной смеси, содержащей H2 и СО2, в реакционную камеру и c. контакт H2 и СО2 с катализатором при температуре реакции свыше 600°С с получением смеси продуктов, которая содержит Н2 и СО. 2. Способ по п. 1, в котором катализатор содержит Cu и Mn в мольном соотношении от приблизительно 4:1 до приблизительно 1:4. 3. Способ по п. 2, в котором катализатор содержит Cu и Mn в мольном соотношении приблизительно 1:1. 4. Способ по п. 1, в котором катализатор содержит один или несколько твердых носителей, выбранных из группы, состоящей из Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, TiO2 и ZrO2. 5. Способ по п. 1, в котором катализатор содержит один или несколько дополнительных металлов, выбранных из группы, состоящей из La, Са, К, W и Al. 6. Способ по п. 5, в котором катализатор содержит Al. 7. Способ по п. 6, в котором катализатор содержит приблизительно 10 масс. % Cu и приблизительно 10 масс. % Mn. 8. Способ по п. 1, в котором катализатор не содержит Cr. Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 7 1 4 0 8 4 6 (54) СПОСОБЫ КОНВЕРСИИ CO2 В СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗ 2 0 1 7 1 4 0 8 4 6 US 2016/028594 (21.04.2016) A 2 0 1 7 1 4 0 8 4 ...

一种石墨相氮化碳复合材料及制备方法和应用

本发明属于复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种石墨相氮化碳复合材料制备及其应用。所述复合材料为片状结构、基本单元由七嗪环构成，经表面处理后结构外围有大量的羟基与氨基，其可与金属产生强相互作用有利于Fe活性组分的固定。催化剂具有独特的电子结构和良好的化学稳定性，铁氧化物是CO加氢反应的主要活性相，表面改性氮化碳负载Fe催化剂用于加氢反应制备烯烃提供了一种可靠的方案。

Conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons via hydrogenation

Carbon dioxide conversion processes are described for the conversion of carbon dioxide via hydrogenation to hydrocarbons. The process utilizes an initial feed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen converted under Fischer Tropsch conditions to hydrocarbons followed by subsequent displacement of the carbon monoxide in the reactor feed with carbon dioxide, which is then converted to carbon monoxide under reverse water gas shift conditions and the initial carbon monoxide feed being terminated once the reverse water gas shift conversion of carbon dioxide. After the optimum reaction conditions are established the feed of carbon monoxide may be withdrawn and any required carbon monoxide provided via reactor effluent recycle. The process provides for enhanced catalyst performance and life.

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ co2 capture

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in- situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydro genation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO 2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydro genation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO 2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Chloralkali and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis integrated utilization adjustment process and equipment

本发明公开了一种氯碱法与费托合成综合利用调节工艺及其设备，工艺包括：1)对费托合成气化原料进行气化，获得主要组份为H 2 、CO及CO 2 的粗合成气；2)采用常规工业氯碱法电解饱和NaCl溶液，得到NaOH溶液、Cl 2 及H 2 ；3)利用氯碱法制得的NaOH溶液去除粗合成气中的CO 2 得到净合成气；4)将氯碱法制得的H 2 充入净合成气中，对净合成气中碳氢摩尔比进行调节，使其达到费托合成进气要求。设备包括气化装置，氯碱法电解槽，气洗装置及费托合成反应器。本发明通过将氯碱法引入费托合成工艺，将氯碱法与费托合成有机结合在一起，使用氯碱法产生的氢气来调节净合成气的组成，使其碳氢摩尔比满足费托合成进气要求，从而降低了水煤气变换工艺处理量，简化了工序。

Apparatus and method for producing synthetic fuel without using fresh water

本发明涉及用于生产合成燃料，特别是航空涡轮燃料（煤油）、汽油和/或柴油的装置，其包括：a)用于从环境空气中分开获取二氧化碳和水的设备，b)用于生产包含一氧化碳、氢气、二氧化碳和水的粗制合成气的合成气生产设备，其中所述合成气生产设备具有从用于从环境空气中分开获取二氧化碳和水的设备导出的二氧化碳供应管线、空气供应管线和水供应管线，c)用于从在合成气生产设备中制成的粗制合成气中分离出二氧化碳和水的分离设备，d)用于由在分离设备中从中分离出二氧化碳和水的合成气借助费托工艺生产烃的费托设备，e)用于将费托设备中制成的烃精炼为合成燃料的精炼设备，f)用于将水脱盐的脱盐设备，其中所述脱盐设备具有来自用于从环境空气中分开获取二氧化碳和水的设备的水供应管线和通向费托设备的水排出管线，和g)水净化设备，其包括从费托设备导出的水供应管线以净化在其中产生的水，其中所述装置进一步包括用于将非甲烷的烃转化为甲烷、碳氧化物、水和氢气的预重整器和i)从水净化设备通向预重整器的水蒸气供应管线、ii)从精炼设备通向预重整器的工艺气体供应管线和/或从费托设备通向预重整器的返回气体管线和iii)从预重整器通向与合成气生产设备相连的水供应管线的循环管线。

Produce hydrocarbon by carbon source and hydrogen source

描述了用于将碳源和氢源转化成作为替代能源的诸如醇的烃的设备和方法。流入物可以包括可通过此处描述的方法诸如等离子体产生或电解从大气中获得的二氧化碳气体和氢气或水。生产烃的一种方法包括使用包括阳极、阴极和电解质的电解设备。另一种方法包括使用超声波能来驱动反应。所述设备和方法以及相关的设备和方法是有用的，如提供化石燃料的替代能源、储存可再生能、螯合来自大气的二氧化碳、抵抗全球变暖以及将二氧化碳储存在液体燃料中。

Process for using biogenic carbon dioxide derived from non-fossil organic material

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

Process for using biogenic carbon dioxide derived from non-fossil organic material

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. At least a portion of the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen is subjected to a reverse water gas shift reaction that produces at least carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide so produced, the biogenic carbon dioxide and the hydrogen are introduced, together or separately, to a biologic or chemical conversion process to produce the fuel or fuel intermediate.

Process for using biogenic carbon dioxide derived from non-fossil organic material

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

Methods and devices for the production of Hydrocarbons from Carbon and Hydrogen sources

Devices and methods are described for converting a carbon source and a hydrogen source into hydrocarbons, such as alcohols, for alternative energy sources. The influents may comprise carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas or water, obtainable from the atmosphere for through methods described herein, such as plasma generation or electrolysis. One method to produce hydrocarbons comprises the use of an electrolytic device, comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte. Another method comprises the use of ultrasonic energy to drive the reaction. The devices and methods and related devices and methods are useful, for example, to provide a fossil fuel alternative energy source, store renewable energy, sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, counteract global warming, and store carbon dioxide in a liquid fuel.

Engineered fuel storage, respeciation and transport

Proton sponges as an additive to electrolytes for photocatalytic and electrochemical CO2 reduction

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Umsetzung von Kohlendioxid und Wasser, bei dem der Elektrolyt einen Protonenschwamm umfasst, der zur Anreicherung von CO2 im Elektrolyten dient, eine entsprechende Verwendung eines Protonenschwamms sowie einen Elektrolyten umfassend mindestens einen Protonenschwamm. The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water, in which the electrolyte comprises a proton sponge, which serves for the accumulation of CO2 in the electrolyte, a corresponding use of a proton sponge and an electrolyte comprising at least one proton sponge.

Methods and devices for the production of hydrocarbons from carbon and hydrogen sources

Devices and methods are described for converting a carbon source and a hydrogen source into hydrocarbons, such as alcohols, for alternative energy sources. The influents may comprise carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas or water, obtainable from the atmosphere for through methods described herein, such as plasma generation or electrolysis. One method to produce hydrocarbons comprises the use of an electrolytic device, comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte. Another method comprises the use of ultrasonic energy to drive the reaction. The devices and methods and related devices and methods are useful, for example, to provide a fossil fuel alternative energy source, store renewable energy, sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, counteract global warming, and store carbon dioxide in a liquid fuel.