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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 3989. Отображено 100.
01-03-2012 дата публикации

Biomass Pretreatment for Fast Pyrolysis to Liquids

Номер: US20120047794A1
Автор: Dennis Stamires, Michael Brady, Robert Bartek
Принадлежит: Kior Inc

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

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Номер записи: 1
05-04-2012 дата публикации

Method of producing biodiesel from a wet biomass

Номер: US20120079760A1
Автор: Phillip E. Savage, Robert Levine, Tanawan Pinnarat
Принадлежит: University of Michigan

A method of producing a biodiesel from a wet biomass is provided. The method includes providing the wet biomass that includes water and biomass solids. The method also includes heating the wet biomass at a first temperature and a first pressure for a time period ranging from 10 to 480 minutes to form an aqueous solution and a solid agglomerate containing a hydrolyzed lipid component. The method also includes step of transesterifying the hydrolyzed lipid component to form biodiesel.

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Номер записи: 2
19-04-2012 дата публикации

Process for producing middle distillates by hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of a heavy fraction derived from a fischer-tropsch effluent

Номер: US20120091034A1
Автор: Aurelie Dandeu, Vincent Coupard
Принадлежит: Eni Spa, IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

The present invention describes a process for producing middle distillates from a C5+ liquid paraffinic fraction, termed a heavy fraction, with an initial boiling point in the range 15° C. to 40° C. produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, comprising the following steps in succession: passing said C5+ liquid paraffinic fraction, termed a heavy fraction, over at least one ion exchange resin at a temperature in the range 80° C. to 150° C., at a total pressure in the range 0.7 to 2.5 MPa, at an hourly space velocity in the range 0.2 to 2.5 h −1 ; eliminating at least a portion of the water formed in step a); hydrogenating the unsaturated olefinic type compounds of at least a portion of the effluent derived from step b) in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst; and hydroisomerization/hydrocracking of at least a portion of the hydrotreated effluent derived from step c) in the presence of hydrogen and a hydroisomerization/hydrocracking catalyst.

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Номер записи: 3
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Lubricant additives

Номер: US20120108480A1
Автор: Paul Bloom
Принадлежит: Archer Daniels Midland Co

Processes are described for producing liquid, biobased lubricant additives containing from 50 to 100% biobased carbon according to ASTM D6866 from heat-bodied oils by transesterification with biobased or petroleum based alcohols and by hydrotreatment of at least the resulting diesters, triesters and polyesters.

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Номер записи: 4
17-05-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel

Номер: US20120117815A1
Автор: James Braig R., Mark Wechsler
Принадлежит: RENEWABLE FUEL TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Embodiments presented herein describe an apparatus and method to control the conversion of carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and those biomass resources, into a high performance solid fuel. This method, and the apparatus described as the means to accomplish this method, provides a process having a control system that enables the system to produce a fuel of uniform quality, even with a change in biomass supply.

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Номер записи: 5
21-06-2012 дата публикации

Method of making a catalyst

Номер: US20120157299A1
Автор: Krishniah Parimi, Thien Duyen Thi Nguyen
Принадлежит: ENERGIA TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

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Номер записи: 6
21-06-2012 дата публикации

Process For The Production Of Cellulose Based Biofuels

Номер: US20120157726A1
Автор: Dennis A. Vauk, Tarun D. Vakil
Принадлежит: Air Liquide Large Industries US LP

A process for the production of cellulose based biofuels is provided. This process includes pyrolysing a cellulose-containing feedstock to form a slurry of bioliquids and char; hydrocracking the slurry to produce a hydrocarbon gas stream, a hydrocarbon liquid stream, an impurities stream, and a residue stream; distilling the liquid hydrocarbon stream to produce at least a naphtha stream, and a diesel stream; and gasifying the residue stream to produce at least a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide stream.

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Номер записи: 7
21-06-2012 дата публикации

Methods of deoxygenation and systems for fuel production

Номер: US20120157727A1
Автор: Krishniah Parimi, Thien Duyen Thi Nguyen
Принадлежит: ENERGIA TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

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Номер записи: 8
21-06-2012 дата публикации

Production of renewable fuels

Номер: US20120157742A1
Автор: Dhananjay B. Ghonasgi, Edward L. Sughrue, Jianhua Yao, Joseph E. Bares, Lisa L. Myers, Sundararajan Uppili, Xiaochun Xu, Yun BAO
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Co

The present disclosure relates to a process for the conversion of oxygen-containing hydrocarbons into long-chain hydrocarbons suitable for use as a fuel. These hydrocarbons may be derived from biomass, and may optionally be mixed with petroleum-derived hydrocarbons prior to conversion. The process utilizes a catalyst comprising Ni and Mo to convert a mixture comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons into product hydrocarbons containing from ten to thirty carbons. Hydro-conversion can be performed at a significantly lower temperature than is required for when utilizing a hydrotreating catalyst comprising Co and Mo (CoMo), while still effectively removing sulfur compounds (via hydrodesulfurization) to a level of 10 ppm (by weight) or less.

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Номер записи: 9
05-07-2012 дата публикации

Solvolysis of biomass using solvent from a bioreforming process

Номер: US20120167875A1
Автор: Dick A. Nagaki, Ming Qiao, Randy D. Cortright
Принадлежит: Virent Inc

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

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Номер записи: 10
19-07-2012 дата публикации

Method and arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive materials to fixed-bed reactors

Номер: US20120184792A1
Автор: Juha Solantie, Kari J. Koivisto
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

The invention relates to an arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system comprising means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor system comprising a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor. Also a method is provided for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system wherein said fixed-bed reactor system comprises means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor.

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Номер записи: 11
09-08-2012 дата публикации

Systems and processes for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and hydrocarbonaceous materials for production of aromatics with optional olefin recycle, and catalysts having selected particle size for catalytic pyrolysis

Номер: US20120203042A1
Автор: Anne Mae Gaffney, George W. Huber, Jungho Jae, Yu-Ting Cheng
Принадлежит: Anellotech Inc, University of Massachusetts UMass

This invention relates to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product, and more specifically, to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product via catalytic pyrolysis. Some embodiments relate to methods for the production of specific aromatic products (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, etc.) via catalytic pyrolysis. Some such methods may involve the use of a composition comprising a mixture of a solid hydrocarbonaceous material and a heterogeneous pyrolytic catalyst component. In some embodiments, an olefin compound may be co-fed to the reactor and/or separated from a product stream and recycled to the reactor to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products. The methods described herein may also involve the use of specialized catalysts. For example, in some cases, zeolite catalysts may be used. In some instances, the catalysts are characterized by particle sizes in certain identified ranges that can lead to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products.

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Номер записи: 12
16-08-2012 дата публикации

Method and System For the Selective Oxidative Decarboxylation of Fatty Acids

Номер: US20120209049A1
Автор: Alexander Wurthmann, Bryan J. Holmes
Принадлежит: University of Vermont and State Agricultural College

Selective, radically initiated oxidative decarboxylation may produce low viscosity renewable fuels from biologically derived fats and oils. Fatty acids and triglycerides may be decarboxylated using oxidants at a water/oil interface. The oxidants may be produced using photo-Fenton reagents. The reaction advantageously can be carried out at room temperature and pressure and has fewer unwanted byproducts than traditional decarboxylation techniques.

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Номер записи: 13
27-09-2012 дата публикации

Method of production of fuels from biomass, from low quality coals and from wastes, residues and sludges from sewage treatment plants

Номер: US20120240457A1
Автор: Emmanouil Koukios
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention concerns a method for the removal of inorganic components such as potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and heavy metals, from biomass of rural or forest or urban origin or even mixture of different origin biomasses, from low quality coals such as peat, lignite and sub-bituminous/bituminous coals, from urban/industrial origin residues/wastes, which are possible to include as much organic—>5% weight—as inorganic—<95% weight—charge and from sewage treatment plant sludges. The desired goal is achieved with the physicochemical treatment of the raw material. The method can also include the thermal treatment, which can precede or follow the physicochemical one. The application of the thermal treatment depends on the nature and the particular characteristics of each raw material as well as on the feasibility analysis of the whole process in order to determine the optimization point in each case.

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Номер записи: 14
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Process for the dehydration of aqueous bio-derived terminal alcohols to terminal alkenes

Номер: US20120271089A1
Автор: Michael E. Wright
Принадлежит: US Department of Navy

A method and apparatus for dehydrating bio-1-alcohols to bio-l-alkenes with high selectivity. The bio-1-alkenes are useful in preparing high flashpoint diesel and jet biofuels which are useful to civilian and military applications. Furthermore, the bio-1-alkenes may be converted to biolubricants useful in the transporation sector and other areas requiring high purity/thermally stable lubricants.

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Номер записи: 15
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel

Номер: US20120279111A1
Автор: Alfredo Carlos BLASCO GARCÍA
Принадлежит: BIOCOMBUSTIBLES Y ENERGIAS ALTERNATIVAS ALS SA

A continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel with a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight in the transesterification step, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a triglyceride source at a triglyceride concentration above 99.0% by weight; b) subjecting triglycerides to a transesterification reaction with methanol, ethanol, or the mixtures thereof, at a molar ratio of triglycerides:alcohol 1:3-3.5, in the presence of 0.7 to 1.0% by weight of sodium or potassium hydroxide as catalyst, under ultrasonic cavitation conditions in an ultrasonic cavitation reactor with 2 to 8 serial cavitation cells, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C., at a pressure of 1.5 to 2 MPa (15-20 atm) and during a period of time of 15 to 30 seconds; c) recovering the product of step b) and subjecting it to mechanical agitation operation, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C. for a maximum of 10 minutes, up to the completion of the transesterification reaction, thus obtaining a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight; d) decanting and/or centrifuging the product resulting from step c) to remove glycerin; e) purifying biodiesel obtained in step d) by exchange resins; and f) removing by distillation methanol and water from the product of step e) and recovering the biodiesel fuel thus obtained.

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Номер записи: 16
06-12-2012 дата публикации

Thermally Rearranged (TR) Polymers as Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration

Номер: US20120305484A1
Автор: Benny D. Freeman, Chaoyi Ba, Claudio P. Ribeiro, JR., Donald R. Paul, Katrina CZENKUSCH
Принадлежит: University of Texas System

Synthesis and use of a new class of polymeric materials with favorable separation characteristics for the dehydration of ethanol and other organic solvents is described herein. The thermally rearranged (TR) polybenzoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole (PBI) and polybenzothiazole (PBT) membranes of the present invention can be used for the dehydration of ethanol during processing to fuel grade biodiesel by either pervaporation or vapor permeation. The unique microstructure of the membranes provides excellent separation characteristics, and this, coupled with their inherent thermal and chemical stability, enables their usage in other separations, such as the dehydration of other organic solvents.

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Номер записи: 17
03-01-2013 дата публикации

Pyrolysis and gasification systems, methods, and resultants derived therefrom

Номер: US20130004409A1
Автор: Richard D. TUCKER
Принадлежит: TUCKER ENGR ASSOC Inc

A process and system for the controlled thermal conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, including: exposing the feedstock to one or more predetermined temperatures and one or more predetermined pressures for one or more predetermined amounts of time in one or more chambers to produce a gas product and a solid product, wherein the gas product includes one or more of methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and one or more noxious chemicals and the solid product includes Carbon; sequestration enabling at least a portion of the Carbon by creating associated Lewis Acid Sites; sequestering at least one of the one or more noxious chemicals in the one or more chambers using the sequestration enabled Carbon; and controlling the constituents of the gas product using feedback, thereby providing a predictable and stable gas product from an unknown and/or variable feedstock.

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Номер записи: 18
24-01-2013 дата публикации

Serial Deconstruction of Biomass

Номер: US20130023702A1
Автор: Elizabeth Woods, Ming Qiao, Paul MYREN, Randy CORTRIGHT
Принадлежит: Virent Inc

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using water. The method generally includes loading a reactor with biomass and water, heating the reactor to a first deconstruction temperature and establishing a first deconstruction pressure, maintaining the reactor at the first deconstruction temperature and a first deconstruction pressure for a first deconstruction period, flushing the reactor with water, and repeating these steps one or more times after establishing a second deconstructing temperature and second deconstruction pressure.

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Номер записи: 19
28-02-2013 дата публикации

Process for production of biodiesel

Номер: US20130053591A1
Автор: Eckhard Seidel, Helmut Saft, Norbert Palauschek, Rudolf Boensch
Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

A process for continuous production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification with methanol or ethanol to give crude fatty acid alkyl esters, subsequent washing with water in a wash column to remove water-soluble impurities, subsequent drying by vaporization of the water content and subsequent removal of steryl glycosides by adsorption onto calcium bentonite, wherein the adsorption column(s) used is/are regenerated in a first step, for desorption of the steryl glycosides, by rinsing with a mixture consisting of fatty acid alkyl esters and methanol or ethanol, and in a subsequent second step, for removal of methanol residues, by rinsing with fatty acid alkyl esters or with gaseous nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

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Номер записи: 20
23-05-2013 дата публикации

System and process for biomass conversion to renewable fuels with byproducts recycled to gasifier

Номер: US20130131196A1
Автор: Michael Cheiky, Rajashekharam Malyala, Vern S. Traxler
Принадлежит: Cool Planet Biofuels Inc, Cool Planet Energy Systems Inc

This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

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Номер записи: 21
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Process for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feed in the presence of a sulphide catalyst prepared using a cyclic oligosaccharide

Номер: US20130140215A1
Автор: Audrey Bonduelle, Fabrice Diehl
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

Hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feed in the presence of a catalyst comprising an acidic support and an active phase formed from at least one metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB, said catalyst being prepared using a process comprising, in succession: contacting a pre-catalyst comprising said metal from group VIII, said metal from group VIB and said acidic support with a cyclic oligosaccharide of at least 6α-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits; contacting the acidic support with a solution containing a precursor of metal from group VIII, a precursor of said metal from group VIB and a cyclic oligosaccharide of at least 6α-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits; and contacting acidic support with a cyclic oligosaccharide of at least 6α-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits followed by a second contacting acidic solid with a precursor of metal from group VIII and a precursor of metal from group VIB; drying; heat treatment; sulphurization.

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Номер записи: 22
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Renewable gas oil derived from biomass

Номер: US20130144094A1
Автор: Alexandru Platon, Brian C. Dunn, Edgar LOTERO, Kristi A. Fjare, Leendert Arie Gerritsen, Ronald E. Brown, Sourabh S. Pansare, Stephen Marshall
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties.

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Номер записи: 23
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Process for the conversion of natural gas to acetylene and liquid fuels with externally derived hydrogen

Номер: US20130144096A1
Автор: Edward R. Peterson
Принадлежит: Synfuels International Inc

A process for converting natural gas from which contaminants have been sufficiently removed to acetylene includes heating the purified gas through a selected range of temperature for adequate time or combustion of the purified gas at adequate temperature within a suitable environment during an adequate reaction time to convert a fraction of the gas stream to acetylene, wherein the acetylene is directed for other processes, reactions, and uses. A process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons by combusting externally derived hydrogen for heating natural gas to a selected range of temperature. A process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons by reacting conversion products with externally derived hydrogen to form olefins comprising ethylene, and catalytically forming liquid hydrocarbons from the olefins comprising ethylene.

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Номер записи: 24
20-06-2013 дата публикации

Methods for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oil

Номер: US20130152454A1
Автор: Francis Stephen Lupton, Lance Awender Baird, Timothy A. Brandvold
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Methods for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. In an embodiment, a method for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises the steps of combining a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil stream with a heated low-oxygen-pyoil diluent recycle stream to form a heated diluted pyoil feed stream. The heated diluted pyoil feed stream has a feed temperature of about 150° C. or greater. The heated diluted pyoil feed stream is contacted with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first hydroprocessing conditions effective to form a low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent.

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Номер записи: 25
27-06-2013 дата публикации

Processing of Dielectric Fluids with Mobile Charge Carriers

Номер: US20130161232A1
Автор: David A. Staack, Robert P. Geiger
Принадлежит: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

Provided herewith is a novel method of controllably processing a dielectric fluid by creating discharges within the dielectric fluid from mobile charge carriers contained within the dielectric fluid. Generally, the dielectric fluid and the mobile charge carriers are between two electrodes which apply a voltage to the charge carriers. In one embodiment, the dielectric fluid is a hydrocarbon fluid such as a heavy crude oil or a fuel. In one embodiment the charge carrier comprises water droplets. In another embodiment, the mobile charge carriers are metallic balls. In both instances the discharges initiate from the mobile charge carriers.

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Номер записи: 26
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms

Номер: US20130189750A1
Автор: Alan E. Bland, Jeffrey M. Morris, Jesse D. Newcomer, Patricia Colberg, Patrick Richards, Paul Fallgren, Song Jin
Принадлежит: University of Wyoming Research Corp (dba Western Research Institute)

Methods and systems to achieve clean fuel processing systems in which carbon dioxide emissions ( 1 ) from sources ( 2 ) may be processed in at least one processing reactor ( 4 ) containing a plurality of chemoautotrophic bacteria ( 5 ) which can convert the carbon dioxide emissions into biomass ( 6 ) which may then be used for various products ( 21 ) such as biofuels, fertilizer, feedstock, or the like. Sulfate reducing bacteria ( 13 ) may be used to supply sulfur containing compounds to the chemoautotrophic bacteria ( 5 ).

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Номер записи: 27
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20130210096A1
Автор: James Obern, Michael Anthony Schultz, Sean Dennis Simpson
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

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Номер записи: 28
17-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass and petroleum containing materials

Номер: US20130273612A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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Номер записи: 29
31-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing Biomass Containing Materials

Номер: US20130288307A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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Номер записи: 30
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Process for generating a synthetic natural gas

Номер: US20130317126A1
Автор: Gordon Edward Wilson, Norman MacLeod, Peter Edward James Abbott
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A process is described for reducing the thiophene content in a synthesis gas mixture, comprising comprises the steps of (i) passing a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and containing thiophene over a copper-containing sorbent disposed in a sorbent vessel at an inlet temperature in the range 200-280 oC, (ii) withdrawing a thiophene depleted synthesis gas containing methanol from the sorbent vessel, and (iii) adjusting the temperature of the methanol-containing thiophene-depleted synthesis gas mixture. The resulting gas mixture may be used for production of chemicals, e.g. methanol production or for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons, for hydrogen production by using water gas shift, or for the production of synthetic natural gas.

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Номер записи: 31
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Methods and apparatuses for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oil

Номер: US20130345487A1
Автор: Lance Awender Baird, Timothy A. Brandvold
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. In one example, a method comprises the steps of separating a low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent into a low-oxygen-pyoil organic phase stream and an aqueous phase stream. Phenolic compounds are removed from the aqueous phase stream to form a phenolic-rich diluent recycle stream. A biomass-derived pyrolysis oil stream is diluted and heated with the phenolic-rich diluent recycle stream to form a heated diluted pyoil feed stream. The heated diluted pyoil feed stream is contacted with a deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to deoxygenate the heated diluted pyoil feed stream.

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Номер записи: 32
02-01-2014 дата публикации

Method for extraction and purification of oils from microalgal biomass using high-pressure co2 as a solute

Номер: US20140004605A1
Автор: George A. Oyler, Julian N. Rosenberg, Marc D. Donohue, Michael J. Betenbaugh
Принадлежит: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Synaptic Res LLC

The present invention provides methods for the isolation of oils from intact or lysed microorganisms in aqueous media with pressurized carbon dioxide as a solute. Such oils may be used for the production of biofuels. Also provided for are methods for harvesting and rupturing whole cell microorganisms in aqueous media with pressurized carbon dioxide as a solute

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Номер записи: 33
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Method for Producing Unsaturated Compounds

Номер: US20140046081A1
Автор: Dominik Ohlmann, Lukas J. Goossen, Markus Dierker
Принадлежит: Cognis IP Management GmbH

The invention relates to a method for producing compositions containing unsaturated compounds, wherein (A) one or more unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 10 to 24 C-atoms or esters of said monocarboxylic acids and optionally (B) one or more compounds having at least one C═C double bond (wherein the compounds (B) are different from the compounds (A)) are subjected to a tandem isomerization/metathesis reaction sequence in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a ruthenium catalyst, providing that the palladium catalysts used are compounds that contain at least one structural element Pd—P(R 1 R 2 R 3 ), wherein the radicals R 1 to R 3 , independently of one another, each comprise 2 to 10 C-atoms, which may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic respectively, providing that at least one of the radicals R 1 to R 3 contains a beta-hydrogen, wherein the palladium catalyst is used as such or is produced in situ, providing that the method is carried out in the absence of substances that have a pKa value of 3 or less.

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Номер записи: 34
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Process for the Production of Hydrocarbons for Fuels, Solvents, and Other Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20140046101A1
Автор: Gregory Dicosola, Paul Ratnasamy, Sanjay Wagle
Принадлежит: University of Louisville Research Foundation ULRF

Catalytic processes for converting carboxylic acids obtained from biomass and other natural or industrial sources into paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons through decarboxylation, along with products formed from such hydrocarbons, in which the carbon chain length, the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12, and the ratio of odd number to even number of carbons in the chain are among factors which are indicative or otherwise useful for the detection of hydrocarbons formed by undergoing the claimed processes.

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Номер записи: 35
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels

Номер: US20140059924A1
Автор: Carl T. Lira, Dennis J. Miller, Evan Bittner, Navinchandra S. Asthana
Принадлежит: Michigan State University MSU

A process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuel or additive to a petroleum fuel for use in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The process preferably provides a partial transesterification of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters with at least one alkyl alcohol containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst to produce a mixture of the fatty acid methyl esters and alkyl alcohol esters of the fatty acids.

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Номер записи: 36
13-03-2014 дата публикации

Generating deoxygenated pyrolysis vapors

Номер: US20140073823A1
Автор: Edgar LOTERO, Johnathan T. Gorke, Mark A. Hughes, Natalie A. Rebacz, Samuel T. Jones, Tie-Pan Shi
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the pyrolysis vapors.

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Номер записи: 37
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Fatty alcohol forming acyl reductases (fars) and methods of use thereof

Номер: US20140093929A1
Автор: Behnaz Behrouzian, Kristian Karlshoej, Louis Clark, Michael Clay, Yihui Zhu
Принадлежит: Codexis Inc

The present disclosure provides methods useful for producing fatty alcohol compositions from recombinant host cells. The disclosure further provides variant fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) enzymes, polynucleotides encoding the variant FAR enzymes, and vectors and host cells comprising the same.

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Номер записи: 38
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

Номер: US20150000186A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

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Номер записи: 39
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Biological Conversion of Carbon Dioxide Pollutants into Useful Products

Номер: US20180001256A1
Автор: Alan E. Bland, Jeffrey M. Morris, Jesse D. Newcomer, Patricia Colberg, Patrick Richards, Paul Fallgren, Song Jin
Принадлежит: Wyoming Research Center D/b/a Western Research Institute, University of

Methods and systems to achieve clean fuel processing systems in which carbon dioxide emissions ( 1 ) from sources ( 2 ) may be processed in at least one processing reactor ( 4 ) containing a plurality of chemoautotrophic bacteria ( 5 ) which can convert the carbon dioxide emissions into biomass ( 6 ) which may then be used for various products ( 21 ) such as biofuels, fertilizer, feedstock, or the like. Sulfate reducing bacteria ( 13 ) may be used to supply sulfur containing compounds to the chemoautotrophic bacteria ( 5 ).

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Номер записи: 40
03-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR KETONISATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL

Номер: US20190002382A1
Автор: KETTUNEN Mika, MYLLYOJA Jukka, Piilola Rami
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonisation reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonisation reaction. 1. A method for producing ketones , which method comprises:a) providing a feedstock of biological origin containing fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less;{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) subjecting said feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in a presence of a KO/TiO-catalyst; and'}c) obtaining from said ketonisation reaction a product stream containing ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in said feedstock;{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the subjecting is carried out directly on said feedstock and in a presence of said KO/TiO-catalyst as a sole catalyst applied in said ketonisation reaction.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subjecting is carried out directly on said feedstock without preceding or simultaneous hydrogenation of double bonds present in the fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives in said feedstock.3. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:performing said ketonisation reaction by introducing the feedstock in liquid phase.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feedstock of biological origin contains unsaturated fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives claim 1 , or esters.5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:performing said ketonisation reaction ...

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Номер записи: 41
05-01-2017 дата публикации

BIOMASS CONVERSION PROCESS TO HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20170002272A1
Автор: JOHNSON Kimberly Ann, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of a higher hydrocarbon useful as gasoline component from solid biomass is provided. The process provides for longer ZSM-5 condensation catalyst life by contacting the stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate containing diols produced from digestion and hydrodoxygenation of the solid biomass to an amorphous silica alumina catalyst to reduce the diols content, and optionally removing water, prior to contacting with the ZSM-5 condensation catalyst. 1. A process for the production of a higher hydrocarbon from solid biomass , said process comprising:a. providing a biomass solid containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin;b. digesting and hydrodeoxygenating the biomass solid in a liquid digestive solvent in the presence of a hydrothermal hydrocatalytic catalyst and hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 110° C. to less than 300° C. and at a pressure in a range of from 20 bar to 200 bar, said digestive solvent containing a solvent mixture having a boiling point of at least 40° C., to form a stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate product having a viscosity of less than 100 centipoise (at 50° C.), a diol content of at least 2 wt % , less than 2 wt % of sugar, and less than 2 wt % acid (acetic acid equivalent), based on the intermediate product, and at least 60% of carbon exists in molecules having 9 carbon atoms or less;c. reacting at least a portion of the stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate product with an acidic amorphous silica alumina catalyst at a temperature in the range from 300° C. to 400° C. thereby producing monooxygenated stream containing water and organic monooxygenates having a boiling point of at least 40° C.;d. optionally condensing the monooxygenated stream to liquid phase;e. contacting the organic monooxygenates having boiling point of at least 40° C. with an acidic ZSM-5 catalyst at a temperature in the range from 325° C. to about 425° C. producing water and an aromatics-rich higher hydrocarbons stream ...

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Номер записи: 42
02-01-2020 дата публикации

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR FOR EMISSION-FREE GENERATION OF ENERGY

Номер: US20200002632A1
Автор: RÜDLINGER Mikael
Принадлежит:

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M) and pyrolysis gas (M) are formed. In a second process stage (P), the pyrolysis coke (M) from the first process stage (P) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M) is formed, and slag and other residues (M M M M) are removed. In a third process stage (P), the synthesis gas (M) from the second process stage (P) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M), which are discharged. The three process stages (P P P) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M) from the third process stage (P) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P), and/or the second process stage (P), and pyrolysis gas (M) from the first process stage (P) is passed into the second process stage (P), and/or the third process stage (P). 1. A process for the emission-free generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products by utilization of carbonaceous materials , in which in a first process stage the carbonaceous materials are supplied and pyrolysed , wherein pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas are formed; in a second process stage , the pyrolysis coke from the first process stage is gasified , wherein synthesis gas is formed , and slag and other residues are removed; and in a third process stage , the synthesis gas from the second process stage is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid , liquid and/or gaseous products , which are discharged; wherein the three process stages form a closed cycle , surplus gas from the third process stage is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage and/or the second process stage , and the pyrolysis gas of the first process stage is passed into the second process stage and/or the third process stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is supplied in at least one ...

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Номер записи: 43
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus

Номер: US20150004067A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus having one or more ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil for co-processing the renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction.

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Номер записи: 44
13-01-2022 дата публикации

ONLINE ANALYZER FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220010219A1
Автор: Aguinaldo Maria Vanessa C., Cady Samuel J., Della Mora John, Luo Shifang, Ream Kegun L., Ring Michael H., WANG Chengrong, XU Xiaochun, Zhang Anding
Принадлежит:

Disclose is an online analyzer to monitor conversion of a biofeedstock in a first hydrotreating stage to avoid catalyst poisoning in a subsequent stage. An example method of processing a biofeedstock may comprise hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock. The method may further comprise monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer. 1. A method of processing a biofeedstock , comprising:hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock;monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer; andcontrolling recycle of the hydrotreated biofeedstock to the hydrotreating in response to the monitoring conversation of the biofeedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises at one component selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil claim 1 , an animal fat claim 1 , a fish oil claim 1 , a pyrolysis oil claim 1 , algae lipid claim 1 , an algae oil claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises lipid compounds.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrotreated biofeedstock comprises paraffin products.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer comprises a spectrometer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is an infrared spectrometer claim 1 , a near infrared spectrometer claim 1 , or a Raman spectrometer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock comprises determining oxygen removal from the biofeedstock.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises correlating measurements from the online analyzer with conversion of the biofeedstock.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises measuring carbonyl group concentration in the hydrotreated biofeedstock.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is ...

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Номер записи: 45
12-01-2017 дата публикации

COMPOSITION COMPRISING PARAFFIN FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM BIOLOGICAL RAW MATERIALS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20170009144A1
Автор: Aalto Pekka, HAKOLA Maija, NYMAN Tomi, Sandberg Kati
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

A composition, including 40-50 wt-% C14 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and 35-45 wt-% C15 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the C14 and C15 paraffins are produced from a biological raw material. 119-. (canceled)20. A composition , comprising:40-50 wt-% C14 isoparaffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and35-45 wt-% C15 isoparaffins, based on the total weight of the composition,wherein the C14 and C15 isoparaffins are produced from a biological raw material,wherein the total C14 and C15 isoparaffinic content of the composition is in a range from 80.36 wt-% to 95 wt-%, based on the total weight of the composition.21. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises 45-50 wt-% C14 isoparaffins claim 20 , and 40-45 wt-% C15 isoparaffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.22. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises less than 9 wt-% C13 and lighter paraffins and less than 7 wt-% C16 and heavier paraffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.23. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises less than 5 wt-% C13 and lighter paraffins and less than 3 wt-% C16 and heavier paraffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.24. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total isoparaffinic content of the composition is more than 93 wt-% claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.25. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total isoparaffinic content of the composition is more than 97 wt-% claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.26. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total aromatic hydrocarbon content of the composition is less than 1500 ppm weight basis.27. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total aromatic hydrocarbon content of the composition is less than 1300 ppm weight basis.28. The ...

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Номер записи: 46
12-01-2017 дата публикации

BIO-BASED SYNTHETIC FLUIDS

Номер: US20170009148A1
Автор: Abhari Ramin, Havlik Peter Z., Roth E. Gary, Tomlinson H. Lynn
Принадлежит:

A method is provided involving altering the viscosity of bio-derived paraffins to produce a paraffinic fluid, where the altering step includes chlorinating the bio-derived paraffins; the bio-derived paraffins include a hydrodeoxygenated product produced by hydrodeoxygenating a bio-based feed where the bio-based feed includes bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof; the bio-derived paraffins include n-paraffins; and the n-paraffins have a biodegradability of at least 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms. Also provided are methods of protecting and/or cleaning a substance by applying the paraffinic fluid. 1. A method comprising altering the viscosity of bio-derived paraffins to produce a paraffinic fluid , whereinthe altering step comprises oligomerizing the bio-derived paraffins to produce an oligomerized product, wherein the oligomerized product has a kinematic viscosity of at least about 10 cSt at 40° C.;the paraffinic fluid comprises the oligomerized product;the bio-derived paraffins comprise a hydrodeoxygenated product produced by hydrodeoxygenating a bio-based feed where the bio-based feed comprises bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof; and have a kinematic viscosity of less than about 10 cSt at 40° C.; and', 'have a biodegradability of at least about 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms., 'the bio-derived paraffins comprise n-paraffins where the n-paraffins'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerized product comprises less than about 1 wt % aromatics.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerized product comprises less than about 0.1 wt % aromatics.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerized product is free of benzene.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the altering step comprises oligomerizing bio-derived paraffins within the C-Crange.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein oligomerizing bio-derived paraffins comprises contacting the bio-derived ...

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Номер записи: 47
27-01-2022 дата публикации

METHODS OF CO-PROCESSING PETROLEUM DISTILLATES AND BIO-BASED MATERIAL THROUGH A REACTION SERIES

Номер: US20220025279A1
Автор: Parker Dean E., Perrott Chad A., Rippstein Ryan A.
Принадлежит:

Methods of processing bio-based material feed (“bio-feed”) and a petroleum feed, using combinations of hydrotreating beds, dewaxing beds, post-treatment beds, and liquid quenching zones. Some methods comprise processing the petroleum feed through first hydrotreating reactor beds; then processing the output with a bio-feed together through second hydrotreating reactor beds; then processing the output through the plurality of dewaxing beds to create a dewaxed stream; and, processing the dewaxed stream through the plurality of post-treatment beds to create a product stream. Other methods comprise processing the petroleum feed through the plurality of first hydrotreating reactor beds; then processing the output through the plurality of dewaxing beds to create a dewaxed stream; and, processing the dewaxed stream and the bio-feed together through the plurality of liquid quenching beds zones to create a mixed stream; and, processing the mixed stream through the plurality of post-treatment beds to create a product stream. 1. A method of processing a bio-based material feed (“bio-feed”) and a petroleum feed , the method comprising: a plurality of first hydrotreating reactor beds;', 'a plurality of second hydrotreating reactor beds;', 'a plurality of dewaxing beds; and', 'a plurality of post-treatment beds; and, 'providing one or more reactors comprising, in seriesprocessing the petroleum feed through the plurality of first hydrotreating reactor beds to create a first hydrotreated stream;processing the first hydrotreated stream and the bio-feed together through the plurality of second hydrotreating reactor beds to create a second hydrotreated stream;processing the second hydrotreated stream through the plurality of dewaxing beds to create a dewaxed stream; and,processing the dewaxed stream through the plurality of post-treatment beds to create a product stream.2. The method of wherein first hydrotreating reactor beds and the second hydrotreating reactor beds each receive a ...

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Номер записи: 48
09-01-2020 дата публикации

REACTION DEVICE WITH HEAT EXCHANGER AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20200009524A1
Автор: Aigner Jonathan, Hense Peter, Hornung Andreas, Hornung Thorsten, Pedrazzini Alberto
Принадлежит:

A reaction device is provided with a first wall that defines an interior in which a stirring mechanism is located. A heat exchanger is at least partly provided on the first outer wall surface facing away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, wherein the heat exchanger has a grate structure, and at least two layers are provided which have a grate structure. Thus, it is possible to transfer heat in a precise and efficient manner primarily by means of thermal radiation in endothermic processes at different temperature levels, in particular pyrolysis, gassing, and reforming processes, and thereby use the exhaust heat for other processes. 1. A reaction device comprising:a first wall, which defines an interior, the interior configured to accommodate a stirring mechanism,wherein a heat exchanger is at least partly on a surface of the first wall that faces away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, the heat exchanger including at least two layers each of which has a grate structure.2. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has a double wall comprising:the first wall, anda second wall, so that an intermediate space, which accommodates the heat exchanger, is formed between the first wall and the second wall.3. The reaction device according to claim 2 , wherein the reaction device is a tube furnace.4. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the stirring mechanism is a screw conveyor.5. The reaction device according to claim 4 , wherein the screw conveyor comprises screw sections claim 4 , which have different pitches.6. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has at least two reaction zones with different temperatures.7. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the layers of the heat exchanger are connected to one another at contact points of the layers or contact surfaces of the layers.8. The reaction device according claim 1 , wherein the structure of a grate ...

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Номер записи: 49
11-01-2018 дата публикации

H2 AND BIO-FUELS PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20180010052A1
Автор: Anand Mohit, Farooqui Saleem Akthar, Joshi Rakesh Kumar, Kumar Rakesh, Kumar Rohit, Rai Aditya, Sinha Anil Kumar
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a catalytic process for the manufacture of hydrogen and hydrocarbons simultaneously in the same reactor from renewable source, i.e. lipids, glycerides and fatty acids from plant, animal or algae oil, where in the multiple unstaurations in the renewable feedstock and the catalytic intermediates produced in the process from renewable feedstock is converted catalytically using simultaneous combination of in-situ occurring reactions. These in-situ occurring reactions are simultaneous combination of hydroconversion, reforming and water gas shift reactions wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of one or more metal sulfides form of metals of Group VI and/or Group IX and/or Group X elements, specifically comprises of one or more active metal combinations such as Co, W, Mo, Ni, P, with Pt, Pd encapsulated inside sodalite cages for prevention against poisoning from sulfur based compounds. The hydroconversion comprises of reactions in presence of hydrogen such as hydrocracking, dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, cyclization and aromatization reactions. The catalyst along with the active metals also includes porous silica-alumina, zeolite, silica, alumina, silicoaluminophosphates or a combination of two or more thereof used as support for the above said process. These catalysts are loaded in a graded beds (two or more beds of different catalyst mixtures) or simultaneously (mixture of different catalyst systems) and reacted specifically at lower temperatures than the steam reforming conditions i.e. at pressure from 10 to 150 atmosphere, average temperature of the catalytic bed from 250° C. to 500° C., space-velocity of from 0.5 hto 8 h, and hydrogen to feed ratio of from 300 NL of hydrogen/L of feed to 3500 NL hydrogen/L of feed., Initially hydrogen gas is supplied for conversion of the renewable feed stocks, as the reaction process the ...

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Номер записи: 50
08-01-2015 дата публикации

High Density Cyclic Fuels Derived From Linear Sesquiterpenes

Номер: US20150011810A1
Автор: Benjamin G Harvey
Принадлежит: US Department of Navy

A method to generate cyclic hydrocarbons from farnesene to increase both the density and net heat of combustion of the product fuels. The high density hydrocarbons produced by this method have applications for missile, UAV, jet, and diesel propulsion.

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Номер записи: 51
14-01-2021 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Номер: US20210009911A1
Автор: Medoff Marshall
Принадлежит:

Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In addition, an unblended cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline with a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699 is disclosed. 1218-. (canceled)219. A method of making a cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline , the method comprising:providing an alcohol comprising a cellulosic-biomass derived alcohol, andcatalytically processing the alcohol to an unblended gasoline, wherein the unblended gasoline has a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699.220. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline also has a motor octane number of greater than about 85 claim 219 , as determined by ASTM D2700.221. The method of claim 219 , wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol.222. The method of claim 219 , wherein catalytically processing the alcohol comprises passing hydrous ethanol through a packed column claim 219 , the column including a zeolite.223. The method of claim 222 , wherein the hydrous ethanol contains greater than about 40 percent water by weight.224. The method of claim 222 , wherein the catalytically processing the alcohol further comprises a nitrogen carrier gas to aid in the passing of the hydrous ethanol through the packed column.225. The method of claim 222 , wherein the zeolite comprises HZSM-5.226. The method of claim 225 , wherein the HZSM-5 includes a metal produced by solvent impregnation.227. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline has a benzene content of less than 1 percent by weight.228. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than 25 percent by weight.229. ...

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Номер записи: 52
09-01-2020 дата публикации

Demetallization of Liquid Biomass

Номер: US20200010764A1
Автор: Brandvold Timothy A., Clarke Doug, Freel Barry A., Frey Stanley J., Normand Josh
Принадлежит:

Methods, processes, systems, or apparatus are provided to remove contaminants such as metals and chlorine present in a pyrolysis stream to form reduced-contaminant liquid biomass. In certain embodiments, for example, a metal chelating agent is dissolved into a metal-containing pyrolysis stream condensate to form metal chelate complex, followed by filtering to obtain the reduced-contaminant liquid biomass. 120-. (canceled)21. A system to obtain a reduced-contaminant liquid biomass stream from a metal-containing and chlorine-containing pyrolysis stream , comprising:i) a pyrolysis reactor;ii) at least one pyrolysis vapor condenser comprising at least one metal reduction unit;iii) at least one chlorine reduction unit; andiv) at least one filter configured to filter at least one pyrolysis liquid stream.22. The system of claim 21 , wherein a first condenser of the at least one pyrolysis vapor condenser is configured to provide a pyrolysis liquid condensate having an oxalic acid concentration of between 0.1 wt. % and 0.4 wt. % oxalic acid.23. The system of claim 21 , wherein a first condenser of the at least one pyrolysis vapor condenser is configured to condense a portion of a pyrolysis vapor stream with a quench stream.24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the quench stream comprises recirculated condensed pyrolysis liquid.25. The system of claim 23 , wherein the first condenser is sized to provide a liquid residence time of at least two hours.26. The system of claim 23 , wherein a first metal reduction unit of the at least one metal reduction unit is configured to introduce a metal complexing agent into the quench stream.27. The system of claim 21 , wherein a first chlorine reduction unit of the at least one chlorine reduction unit is positioned downstream of a first metal reduction unit of the at least one metal reduction unit.28. The system of claim 27 , wherein the first chlorine reduction unit is configured to contact a first pyrolysis liquid stream of the at least ...

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Номер записи: 53
03-02-2022 дата публикации

Renewable transportation fuel process with thermal oxidation sysem

Номер: US20220033722A1
Автор: Jan DE REN, Xin X. Zhu
Принадлежит: Honeywell International Inc

A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

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Номер записи: 54
16-01-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR SELECTIVELY RECOVERING A PHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM FEEDSTOCK COMPRISING BIO-CRUDE AND/OR BIO-OIL

Номер: US20200017778A1
Автор: Dayton David C., Mante Ofei D., SOUKRI Mustapha, Thompson Samuel J.
Принадлежит:

A process for selectively recovering a phenolic compound from feedstock comprising bio-crude and/or bio-oil is described. The recovery efficiency of the selected phenolic compound is greater than 70 wt % and the purity of the recovered selected phenolic compound is higher than 80 wt %. The process comprises distilling the feedstock to isolate the selected phenolic compound in a first distillate fraction comprising the selected phenolic compound, concentrating the selected phenolic compound from the first distillate fraction in a concentrated mixture, and purifying the concentrated mixture to recover the selected phenolic compound. 1. A process for selectively recovering a phenolic compound from feedstock comprising bio-crude and/or bio-oil , wherein the recovery efficiency of the selected phenolic compound is greater than 70 wt % and the purity of the recovered selected phenolic compound is higher than 80 wt % , the process comprising:distilling the feedstock to isolate the selected phenolic compound in a first distillate fraction comprising the selected phenolic compound,concentrating the selected phenolic compound from the first distillate fraction in a concentrated mixture, andpurifying the concentrated mixture to recover the selected phenolic compound.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein concentrating comprises using solvent extraction to concentrate the selected phenolic compound in a concentrated mixture.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein extracting the selected phenolic compound from the first distillate fraction comprises adjusting the pH of the first distillate fraction based on the pKa of the selected phenolic compound prior to extraction.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the pH of the first distillate fraction is adjusted by adding an acid solution and/or a base solution thereto.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein extracting comprises sequential extraction at decreasing pH levels.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein sequential extraction comprises ...

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Номер записи: 55
26-01-2017 дата публикации

MULTI-METALLIC CATALYST SYSTEM AND USE OF THE SAME IN PREPARING UPGRADED FUEL FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20170021341A1
Автор: Bhujade Ramesh, Jasra Raksh Vir, Mandan Chidambaram, Mantri Kshudiram, Sharma Nagesh
Принадлежит: RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED

The present disclosure provides a multi-metallic catalyst system comprising at least one support, and at least one promoter component and an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on the support. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing the multi-metallic catalyst system. Further, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing upgraded fuel from biomass. The process is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a biomass slurry is prepared and is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a multi-metallic catalyst that comprises at least one support, at least one promoter component, and an active component comprising at least two metals to obtain crude biofuel as an intermediate product. The intermediate product obtained in the first step is then cooled and filtered to obtain a filtered intermediate product. In the second step, the filtered intermediate product is hydrogenated in the presence of the multi-metallic catalyst to obtain the upgraded fuel. The fuel obtained from the process of the present disclosure is devoid of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. 1. A multi-metallic catalyst system comprising:i. at least one support;ii. at least one promoter component impregnated on said at least one support; andiii. an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on said at least one support.2. The catalyst system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one support is selected from the group consisting of alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , alumina-silica claim 1 , zeolite and molecular sieves and wherein said support is in at least one form selected from the group consisting of spheres claim 1 , extrudates claim 1 , powder claim 1 , and pellets.3. The catalyst system as claimed in claim 1 , and wherein said promoter component comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IIIA metals claim 1 , Group IVA metals claim 1 , Group VA ...

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Номер записи: 56
26-01-2017 дата публикации

STAGED CATALYST LOADING FOR PYROLYSIS OIL HYDRODEOXYGENATION

Номер: US20170022425A1
Автор: Baird Lance A., Towarnicky Andrew J.
Принадлежит:

A method for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is described. The method includes combining a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil stream with a heated low-oxygen-py-oil diluent recycle stream to form a heated diluted py-oil feed stream that has a temperature of about 150° C. or greater. The heated diluted py-oil feed stream is contacted with a first deoxygenating catalyst in a first bed of a reactor to form a low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst in a second bed of the reactor to form a hydrocracked low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent. A portion of the hydrocracked low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent comprises the heated low-oxygen biomass-derived py-oil diluent recycle stream. 1. A method for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprising:combining a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil stream with a heated low-oxygen-py-oil diluent recycle stream to form a heated diluted py-oil feed stream that has a temperature of about 150° C. or greater;contacting the heated diluted py-oil feed stream with a first deoxygenating catalyst in a first bed of a reactor in the presence of hydrogen at first hydroprocessing conditions effective to form a low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; andcontacting the low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a hydrocracking catalyst in a second bed of the reactor in the presence of hydrogen at hydrocracking conditions effective to form a hydrocracked low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent;wherein a portion of the hydrocracked low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent comprises the heated low-oxygen biomass-derived py-oil diluent recycle stream.2. The method of further comprising:introducing a hydrogen stream to the reactor between the first and second beds to adjust the ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon in the second bed and to adjust a temperature in the second bed.3. The method of wherein ...

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Номер записи: 57
10-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR INTEGRATED PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Номер: US20220041939A1
Автор: MYLLYOJA Jukka, SIPPOLA Väinö, Tiitta Marja
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

The present disclosure provides a versatile process for producing valuable renewable hydrocarbons from triglyceride containing feedstock. The triglyceride containing feedstock is first split to provide a mixture containing fatty acids, glycerol and water, from which a phase separation provides an oily phase, and an aqueous phase. The oily phase containing fatty acids is subjected to fractionation, whereby specific fractions may be refined to products with controlled hydroprocessing. Products may contain paraffinic renewable aviation fuel components, paraffinic renewable base oil, renewable paraffinic diesel fuel components, renewable paraffinic technical fluid, or any combination thereof. 1. A process for producing renewable hydrocarbon components from triglyceride containing feedstock , said process comprising:a. hydrolyzing said triglyceride containing feedstock to provide a mixture containing at least one or more of fatty acids, glycerol and water;b. subjecting said mixture comprising containing at least one or more of fatty acids, glycerol and water to a phase separation to recover an oily phase containing fatty acids, and an aqueous phase containing glycerol and water;c. subjecting said oily phase containing fatty acids to fractionation to provide a first fatty acid fraction containing at least 80%-wt of free fatty acids having a carbon chain length of C16 or less, of a total fraction weight, and a second fatty acid fraction containing free fatty acids having a carbon chain length of at least C17; hydroprocessing to provide a paraffinic renewable aviation fuel component, or', 'ketonisation before hydroprocessing to provide a paraffinic renewable base oil, or', 'a combination thereof;, 'd. subjecting said first fatty acid fraction to a renewable paraffinic diesel fuel component, or', 'a renewable paraffinic technical fluid, or', 'a combination thereof; and, 'e. subjecting said second fatty acid fraction to hydroprocessing to providef. recovering renewable ...

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Номер записи: 58
10-02-2022 дата публикации

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AROMATICS FROM A BIOMASS PYROLYSIS GAS

Номер: US20220041943A1
Автор: Feugnet Frederic, JOLY Jean-Francois
Принадлежит:

A device and process for the conversion of aromatic compounds, includes/uses: a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating a cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate; an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to a fractionation train; a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing a pyrolysis effluent feeding, at least partially, the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas comprising CO and H; a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating, at least in part, the pyrolysis gas, producing a synthesis effluent sent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit. 1. Device for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds , comprising:a fractionation train suitable for extracting at least one cut comprising benzene, one cut comprising toluene and one cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene from the feedstock;a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating the cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene;an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to the fractionation train;{'sub': '2', 'a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing at least one pyrolysis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 6 to 10 carbon atoms feeding at least partially the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas, comprising at least CO and H;'}a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas at least in part, producing a synthesis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and sending the synthesis effluent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit.2. Conversion device according to claim 1 , in which the pyrolysis gas ...

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Номер записи: 59
10-02-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HOLISTIC LOW CARBON INTENSITY FUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220043406A1
Автор: Herold Gregory, Whikehart David
Принадлежит: MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY LP

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel. 1. A process to provide a low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuel obtained through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various feedstock procurement , feedstock transportation , feedstock refining and fuel product distribution pathways , the process comprising:selecting a carbon intensity threshold to define an upper limit for carbon intensity of a transportation fuel to be provided to an end user location that qualifies the transportation fuel as a low carbon intensity transportation fuel;selecting a refinery feedstock that is procured at a source for transport, the refinery feedstock being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting a transportation mode to transport the refinery feedstock from the source to a refinery, the transportation mode being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting refinery processes to reduce carbon emissions associated with refining the refinery feedstock to a plurality of refined products and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;refining the refinery feedstock into one or more of the plurality of refined ...

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Номер записи: 60
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Catalytic hot-gas filtration of biomass pyrolysis vapors

Номер: US20210024829A1
Автор: Andrew Nolan WILSON, Braden Hamilton PETERSON, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Kimberly A. MAGRINI
Принадлежит: Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a filter element and a catalyst, where the filter element is configured to remove particulate from a stream that includes at least one of a gas and/or a vapor to form a filtered stream of the gas and/or the vapor, the catalyst is configured to receive the filtered stream and react a compound in the filtered stream to form an upgraded stream of the gas and/or the vapor, further including an upgraded compound, and both the filter element and the catalyst are configured to be substantially stable at temperatures up to about 500° C.

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Номер записи: 61
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Bio-based synthetic fluids

Номер: US20210024835A1
Автор: E. Gary Roth, H. Lynn Tomlinson, Peter Z. Havlik, Ramin Abhari
Принадлежит: Reg Synthetic Fuels Llc

A method is provided involving altering the viscosity of bio-derived paraffins to produce a paraffinic fluid, where the altering step includes chlorinating the bio-derived paraffins; the bio-derived paraffins include a hydrodeoxygenated product produced by hydrodeoxygenating a bio-based feed where the bio-based feed includes bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof; the bio-derived paraffins include n-paraffins; and the n-paraffins have a biodegradability of at least 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms. Also provided are methods of protecting and/or cleaning a substance by applying the paraffinic fluid.

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Номер записи: 62
29-01-2015 дата публикации

Mobile processing systems and methods for producing biodiesel fuel from waste oils

Номер: US20150031097A1
Автор: James M. Rethore, Julie E. Wheeler, Luca Zullo
Принадлежит: Revolution Fuels Inc

The present invention improves biodiesel production in several ways. Unique combinations of unit operations and flow configurations are disclosed in mobile processing units that are feedstock-flexible and can be dynamically deployed in a distributed way. In some embodiments, a process includes introducing a waste oil and an alcohol into a reactor with an esterification-transesterification enzymatic catalyst. Free fatty acids are reacted with alcohol to produce fatty acid alkyl esters, and glycerides are reacted with alcohol to produce fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerin. A membrane separator removes glycerin, water, and alcohol. Unreacted free fatty acids are then separated and recycled, to generate a product stream with fatty acid alkyl esters. A genset may be provided for combusting glycerin to produce electrical power and thermal heat as co-products. This biodiesel process may be energy self-sufficient, require no external utilities, and avoid direct discharge of wastewater.

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Номер записи: 63
02-02-2017 дата публикации

Processes for producing a fuel from a renewable feedstock

Номер: US20170029722A1
Автор: Daniel L. Ellig, James M. Andersen, Timothy A. Brandvold
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

An apparatus and a process for providing a green diesel with improved flow properties. A renewable feed comprising an oil is deoxygenated to provide an effluent. The effluent may be isomerized to improve the qualities of the effluent for use as a diesel fuel. Additionally, the effluent may be filtered to increase the fuel flow properties. As filtration zone can be used, which includes a filter and which may be flushed with a portion of the feed stream to the filtration zone or a portion of filtration zone effluent. The wash stream may be heated.

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Номер записи: 64
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Apparatus and methods for fabrication of carbon foams and silicon-carbon composite anodes

Номер: US20210028443A1
Автор: Erica BELMONT, Kurt STAHLFELD
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING

The disclosure generally relates to a method for fabrication of carbon foam and materials derived from the pyrolization of biomass at supercritical and subcritical conditions for CO2 and N2. The method includes exposing biomass to CO2 and N2 under various parameters for temperature, pressure, heating rate and fluid flow rate. Silicon-carbon composite anodes and anode fabrication methods are also described.

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Номер записи: 65
17-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR UPGRADING RENEWABLE LIQUID HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20220049168A1
Автор: ALMAO Pedro Rafael Pereira, CARBOGNANI Lante Antonio, GUERRERO Julie Katerine Rodriguez, IVERSEN Steen B., TIBERI Monica Bartolini, VACCARI Marianna Isabel Trujillo
Принадлежит: STEEPER ENERGY APS

The invention relates to a catalytic process for upgrading a renewable crude oil produced from biomass and/or waste comprising providing a renewable crude oil and pressurizing it to a pressure in the range in the range 60 to 150 bar, contacting the pressurized renewable crude oil with hydrogen and at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone at a weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.1 to 2.0 hand at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to 360° C., hereby providing a partially upgraded renewable crude oil, separating the partially upgraded renewable crude oil from the first reaction zone to a partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction, a partially upgraded light renewable oil fraction, a water stream and a process gas stream, introducing the separated and partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction and separated process gas to a second reaction zone comprising at least two reactors arranged in parallel and being adapted to operate in a first and a second mode of operation, the reactors comprising dual functioning heterogeneous catalyst(-s) capable of performing a catalytic steam cracking reaction in a first mode of operation or a steam reforming reaction in a second mode of operation, where the partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction from the first reaction zone is contacted with the dual functioning heterogeneous catalyst and steam at a pressure of 10 to 150 bar and a temperature of 350° C. to 430° C. whereby a catalytic steam cracking of the partially upgraded heavy renewable oil is performed in the reactors in the first mode of operation, hereby providing a further upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction, while separated process gas from the first and/or second reaction zone is contacted with the dual functioning catalyst and steam at a pressure of 0.1 to 10 bar and a temperature of 350 to 600° C. in the reactors in the second mode of operation and contacted with the dual functioning catalyst, thereby ...

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Номер записи: 66
17-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR CATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF PROPANOL

Номер: US20220049172A1
Автор: Karvo Anna, Kiiski Ulla, KOLEHMAINEN Terhi, MYLLYOJA Jukka, PAASIKALLIO Ville, Tiitta Marja
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

The present disclosure is related to a multistep process for producing renewable gasoline components from a glyceride containing feedstock. The glycerides are split to provide a stream containing fatty acids, or esters of fatty acids, and another stream containing glycerol and water. Glycerol, preferably as crude glycerol recovered from splitting, is next converted to propanols at vapor phase, providing a renewable propanol gasoline component. Another renewable gasoline component is obtained from hydroprocessing of the fatty acids or esters thereof, as a renewable paraffinic naphtha component. Blending the renewable components can provide a novel 100% renewable gasoline. 1. A process for producing renewable fuel components , said process comprising steps a.-e. of ,a. providing a glyceride containing feedstock; andb. splitting said glyceride containing feedstock to provide a first stream containing at least one or more of fatty acids, or esters of fatty acids, and a second stream containing glycerol and water; and i. at least one evaporation in a presence of 5-90%-wt water of a total second stream weight, wherefrom a vapor phase is directed to:', 'ii. catalytic conversion of glycerol to 1-propanol, 2-propanol or a mixture thereof at vapor phase in presence of water and hydrogen, and', 'iii. separation and recovery of 1-propanol, 2-propanol or a mixture thereof as a renewable propanol gasoline component;, 'c. subjecting said second stream obtained from step b, tod. subjecting said first stream to hydroprocessing, to provide a first product stream of renewable paraffinic fuel components containing i-paraffins and n-paraffins; ande. separating said first product stream, and recovering renewable fuel components containing at least one renewable paraffinic naphtha component.2. The process according to claim 1 , for producing renewable fuel components claim 1 , said process comprising:b′. separating the first stream obtained from step b into at least two fatty acid or ...

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Номер записи: 67
31-01-2019 дата публикации

PURIFICATION OF RENEWABLE OILS

Номер: US20190031964A1
Автор: Doyle Michael P., Richards Glenn
Принадлежит:

A Process for the purification of renewable oils. The process may also be applied to petroleum oils such as used motor oil and the like. The process involves centrifuging the renewable oil in a centrifugal device producing a minimum of 7000 Gs, then contacting the oil with a mixture containing water, a straight chain hydro-treated ester compound, and a phosphate derivative at a minimum temperature of 100° C. for 10 minutes, then raising temperature to approximately between 120° C. and 130° C. to complete reaction. The mixture is then again centrifuged in a centrifugal device producing a minimum of 7000 Gs. 1. A process for the extreme purification of renewable oils and petroleum oils comprising the steps:centrifuging the oil in a centrifugal device producing a minimum of 7000 Gs;contacting the oil with a mixture containing water, a straight chain hydro-treated ester compound, and a phosphate derivative at a minimum temperature of 100° C. for 10 minutes;raising the temperature to between approximately 120° C. and 130° C. for approximately 30 to 90 minutes;allowing the mixture to cool below 120° C.;centrifuging the resultant mixture in a centrifugal device producing a minimum of 7000 Gs, whereby precipitates are separated from the oil; andcollecting the oil in a container.2. A process for the purification of renewable oils , such as poultry , beef , corn , used cooking oil , or a petroleum based oil , such as motor oil , comprising the steps:depositing the oil into a feed tank;determining by prior lab work the temperature range at which maximum insolubility of the oil and impurities occurs and maintaining this range in the feed tank;feeding the material in the feed tank to a first centrifuge;the first centrifuge producing at least 7000 RCF wherein non-oil components are separated from the oil components;discharging the non-oil components from the centrifuge;moving the oil components to a transfer tank;transferring the oil components to a reactor;adding phosphate ...

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Номер записи: 68
04-02-2021 дата публикации

Thermal and chemical utilization of carbonaceous materials, in particular for emission-free generation of energy

Номер: US20210032553A1
Автор: Mikael Rüdlinger
Принадлежит: RV Lizenz AG

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P 1 ) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) are formed. In a second process stage (P 2 ), the pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M 24 ) is formed, and slag and other residues (M 91 , M 92 , M 93 , M 94 ) are removed. In a third process stage (P 3 ), the synthesis gas (M 24 ) from the second process stage (P 2 ) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M 60 ), which are discharged. The three process stages (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M 25 ) from the third process stage (P 3 ) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P 1 ), and/or the second process stage (P 2 ), and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is passed into the second process stage (P 2 ), and/or the third process stage (P 3 ).

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Номер записи: 69
12-02-2015 дата публикации

Method of purification of biomass syngas under positive pressure

Номер: US20150041719A1
Автор: Hongtao NIE, Liang Zhang, Minggui Xia, Wenyan LIU, Yanfeng Zhang
Принадлежит: Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd

A method for purifying biomass syngas under a positive pressure. The method includes: 1) aerating a pyrolysis gasifier by using an oxidation fan; 2) introducing syngas produced in the pyrolysis gasifier through a water-cooling flue to a water-cooling quench tower; 3) introducing the syngas from the water-cooling quench tower to a waste heat boiler of a water-tube type and a waste heat boiler of a heat-tube type; 4) introducing the syngas from the waste heat boiler of the heat-tube type to a Venturi scrubber in the absence of a filler to wash the syngas and remove dust; 5) introducing the syngas from the Venturi scrubber to a wet electrical dust precipitator for further removing the dust; and 6) transporting qualified syngas to a wet gas tank for storage or to a downstream process for use.

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Номер записи: 70
24-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD OF LIGHT OIL DESULFURIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF METHANE CONTAINING GAS ENVIRONMENT AND CATALYST STRUCTURE

Номер: US20220055022A1
Автор: LI Yimeng, Li Zhaofei, Song Hua, Xu Hao
Принадлежит:

Catalyst structures and corresponding methods are described for the desulfurization of sulfur-containing light oil or model compounds under a specified gas atmosphere. The sulfur-containing feedstock is effectively converted while producing valuable hydrocarbon products such as BTX and carbon disulfide, as well as utilizing methane or natural gas resources, providing an economical and environmental innovation in the petroleum industry. 1. A method for the desulfurization of a sulfur-containing feedstock , the method comprising introducing the sulfur-containing feedstock within a reactor in the presence of a gas atmosphere and a catalyst structure , wherein the catalyst structure comprises a porous support structure that includes one or more of the following materials: an aluminum oxide (AlO) , an aluminosilicate material such as a zeolite , a silicon oxide (SiO) , a silicon carbide (SiC) , and a titanium oxide (TiO).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-containing feedstock comprises light oils containing sulfur or compounds selected from the group consisting of thiophene claim 1 , benzothiophene claim 1 , dibenzothiophene and any combination and/or derivatives thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas atmosphere consists of pure gas or a mixture of gases selected from the group consisting of nitrogen claim 1 , helium claim 1 , methane claim 1 , and natural gas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst structure comprises one or more of the following metals loaded in the porous support structure: molybdenum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , silver claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , cerium and zinc claim 1 , wherein each metal loaded in the porous support structure is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % based upon the total weight of the catalyst structure.5. The method of wherein the one or more metals are loaded within the porous support structure in the form of one or more of the following salts: chlorides claim 4 , ...

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Номер записи: 71
24-02-2022 дата публикации

IONIC LIQUIDS AND METHODS OF USING SAME

Номер: US20220056345A1
Автор: Ishpinder Kailey, Stewart Sean, Weers Jerry
Принадлежит:

Ionic liquid containing compositions may be used in the production, recovery and refining of oil and gas. In addition, they may be used to treat wastewater and/or to inhibit and/or prevent fouling of contaminants onto surfaces. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. (canceled)26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. (canceled)29. (canceled)30. (canceled)33. The method of claim 32 , wherein R claim 32 , R claim 32 , R claim 32 , R claim 32 , R claim 32 , Rand Rare independently —H or a Calkyl and/or the anion is a halide selected from the group consisting of —Cl claim 32 , —Br claim 32 , —F or —I.35. A method of treating a hydrocarbon containing fluid to:(a) inhibit or prevent the formation or precipitation of asphaltenes in the fluid; or [{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '+', '−, 'RRRRNX\u2003\u2003(IV); or'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '+', '8', '+', '5', '6', '7', '−, 'RRRNRNRRRX\u2003\u2003(V)'}], '(b) remove or reduce sulfur containing compounds in the fluid, the method comprising contacting the fluid with an ionic liquid of the formula{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'X is an anion selected from the group consisting of halides; hydroxyl; carbonates; alkyl carbonates; bicarbonates; carboxylates; hydroxycarboxylates; sulfonates; sulfates; bisulfites; thiocyanates; dithiocarbonates; dithiocarbonates; trithiocarbonates; carbamates; dithiocarbamates; trithiocarbamates; xanthates; sulfides; polysulfides; alkoxides; anionic ureas; anionic alkyl substituted phosphines; anionic amino fatty acids; anionic alkoxylated fatty acids; anionic acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonate/acrylic acid copolymers; anionic phosphated maleic copolymers; anionic metal complexes; sulfur ...

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Номер записи: 72
15-02-2018 дата публикации

PARTICULATE INORGANIC MATERIAL FOR HYDROLYSIS OF BIOMASS MATERIALS AND METHODS

Номер: US20180044596A1
Автор: JONES KEVIN, LYONS Anthony, PESHAVE Chinmay
Принадлежит:

A composition comprising an inorganic particulate material adapted to convert a biomass material into hydrolysis products is provided. The inorganic particulate material comprises at least 0.1 wt. % of at least one impurity in its crystal structure based on the total weight of the inorganic particulate material. Methods of convert a biomass material into hydrolysis products using the compositions comprising an inorganic particulate material are also provided. 1. A composition comprising:an inorganic particulate material adapted to convert a biomass material into hydrolysis products,wherein the inorganic particulate material comprises at least 0.1 wt. % of at least one impurity in its crystal structure based on the total weight of the inorganic particulate material.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one impurity is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one impurity is titanium dioxide present in an amount of at least 0.1 wt. % based on the total weight of the inorganic particulate material.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particulate material comprises has a moisture content of at least 0.05% based on the total weight of the inorganic particulate material.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from the group consisting of kaolin claim 1 , talc claim 1 , mica claim 1 , and bentonite.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particulate material has at least 2 micromoles of acid sites per gram of the inorganic particulate material at 150° C.7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additive.8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of citric acid claim 7 , iron oxide claim 7 , and combinations thereof.9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the additive is present in an amount ...

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Номер записи: 73
15-02-2018 дата публикации

Methods of Refining Natural Oil Feedstocks

Номер: US20180044597A1
Автор: Balakrishnan Chander, Cohen Steven A., Jr. Melvin L., Luetkens, Snyder Robert
Принадлежит: ELEVANCE RENEWABLE SCIENCES, INC.

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product. 119-. (canceled)20. A method of producing a fuel composition comprising:providing a feedstock comprising natural oil glycerides, and (b) low-molecular-weight olefins;reacting the natural oil glycerides with the low-molecular-weight olefins in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters;separating at least a portion of the olefins in the metathesized product from the esters in the metathesized product; andhydrogenating the separated olefins to form a fuel composition.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the fuel composition is: (a) a kerosene-type jet fuel having a carbon number distribution between 8 and 16 claim 20 , a flash point between 38° C. and 66° C. claim 20 , an auto ignition temperature of 210° C. claim 20 , and a freeze point between −47° C. and −40° C.; (b) a naphtha-type jet fuel having a carbon number distribution between 5 and 15 claim 20 , a flash point between −23° C. and 0° C. claim 20 , an auto ignition temperature of 250° C.; and a freeze point of −65° C.; or (c) a diesel fuel having a carbon number distribution between 8 and 25 claim 20 , a specific gravity of between 0.82 and 1.08 at 15.6° C. claim 20 , a cetane number of greater than 40; and a distillation range between 180° C. and 340° C.22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising flash-separating a light end ...

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Номер записи: 74
15-02-2018 дата публикации

RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION

Номер: US20180044601A1
Автор: LAUMOLA Heli, LINDBERG Teemu, NOUSIAINEN Jaakko, RISSANEN Arto
Принадлежит:

The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of Clinear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of Ccycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of Caromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of Calkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of Calkanes, Ccycloalkanes and Caromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step. 1. A method for producing a hydrocarbon composition , comprising the steps of(i) hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using one or more catalysts; and(ii) fractionating the product of step (i);{'sub': 4-12', '4-12', '5-12', '6-12, 'wherein the composition comprises 8-30 mass % of Clinear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of Cbranched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of Ccycloalkanes, 1-25 mass % of Caromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds;'}{'sub': 4-12', '4-12', '5-12', '6-12, 'wherein the total amount of Calkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of Calkanes, Ccycloalkanes and Caromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and'}wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Clinear alkanes in the composition is 10-20 mass %.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Cbranched alkanes in the composition is 20-40 mass %.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Ccycloalkanes in the composition is 30-50 mass %.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Caromatic hydrocarbons in the composition is 2-15 mass %.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the linear alkanes are Clinear ...

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Номер записи: 75
15-02-2018 дата публикации

Systems and methods for converting biomass to biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction

Номер: US20180045407A1
Автор: Cody BOND, Halil Berberoglu, Joey ANTHONY, Rhykka L. CONNELLY
Принадлежит: University of Texas System

Systems and processes of providing novel thermal energy sources for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) reactors are described herein. According to various implementations, the systems and processes use concentrated solar thermal energy from a focused high-energy beam to provide sufficient energy for driving the HTL biomass-to-biocrude process. In addition, other implementations convert biowaste, such as municipal biosolids and grease and food waste, to biocrude using anaerobic digesters, and a portion of the biogas generated by the digesters is used to produce the thermal and/or electrical energy used in the HTL reactor for the biomass-to-biocrude process. Furthermore, alternative implementations may include a hybrid system that uses biogas and solar radiation to provide sufficient thermal energy for the HTL reactor.

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Номер записи: 76
03-03-2022 дата публикации

ORGANIC SOLID BIOMASS CONVERSION FOR LIQUID FUELS/CHEMICALS PRODUCTION IN THE PRESENCE OF METHANE CONTAINING GAS ENVIRONMENT AND CATALYST STRUCTURE

Номер: US20220064538A1
Автор: Song Hua
Принадлежит:

A method provides for valorization of naturally abundant organic solid biomass under a specified gas atmosphere with the existence of a catalyst structure. The method effectively converts the organic solid feedstock while producing valuable liquid hydrocarbon products, as well as utilizing methane rich resources, providing an economical and environmental benefit in the oil & gas industry.

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Номер записи: 77
25-02-2021 дата публикации

METHOD OF PROCESSING A BIO-BASED MATERIAL AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING THE SAME

Номер: US20210054292A1
Автор: BOONSIT Nopporn, LAOHAKUNAKORN Winai, SIRIMITRTRAKUL Supakorn
Принадлежит: GREEN TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CO., LTD.

The present invention relates to a method for processing a renewable bio-based material comprising the step of reacting the bio-based material with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst on a support in a reactor to form a treated oil; (i) passing the treated oil through a distillation unit and an adsorption unit to form green diesel; and/or (ii) passing the treated oil through at least one distillation column to separate the treated oil into at least one component and passing the at least one component through an adsorption column; and wherein the reactor comprises a cooling function for controlling the temperature of the reactor, wherein the cooling function is at least one of an internal cooling function and an external cooling function. 1. A method of processing a renewable bio-based material comprising the step of:reacting the bio-based material with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst on a support in a reactor to form a treated oil;(i) passing the treated oil through a distillation unit and an adsorption unit to form green diesel; and/or (ii) passing the treated oil through at least one distillation column to separate the treated oil into at least one component and passing the at least one component through an adsorption column;wherein the reactor comprises a cooling function for controlling the temperature of the reactor; wherein the cooling function is an internal cooling function.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the support is alumina (AlO) claim 1 , silica (SiO) or alumina-silica (AlO—SiO).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the support is AlOand the catalyst on AlOis selected from the group consisting of NiMo/AlOand NiW/AlO.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the support is AlOand the catalyst on AlOis NiW/AlO.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the support is AlOand the catalyst on AlOis selected from the group consisting of NiCoMo/AlO claim 2 , NiMoP/AlOand CoMo/AlO.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the support is AlOand the catalyst on AlOis ...

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Номер записи: 78
25-02-2021 дата публикации

Process for upgrading a petroleum product

Номер: US20210054294A1
Автор: Peter P. Edwards, Tiancun Xiao, Zhaoxi ZHANG
Принадлежит: Oxford University Innovation Ltd

The present invention relates to a process for upgrading a petroleum product comprising mixing the petroleum product with an upgrading solution to provide a two-phase mixture consisting of an extract phase and a raffinate phase, wherein the upgrading solution comprises a pyrolysis oil and optionally a polar organic solvent. In other aspects, the invention provides an upgrading solution comprising a pyrolysis oil and optionally a polar organic solvent and uses thereof. Furthermore, an upgraded petroleum product and raffinate phase is provided.

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Номер записи: 79
26-02-2015 дата публикации

Process for producing biofuel and biofuel components

Номер: US20150057474A1
Автор: Andrea Gutierrez, Arto Rissanen, Heli Laumola, Jaakko Nousiainen, Pekka Knuuttila, Teemu Lindberg
Принадлежит: UPM Kymmene Oy

A process for catalytically converting crude tall oil into hydrocarbons suitable as biofuel components. The crude tall oil is treated in a reactor system including a catalytically active guard bed phase and a catalytically active main reaction phase. At least one of the phases includes a catalyst bed with a combination of hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) and hydrodewaxing (HDW) catalysts. The process provides biofuel with acceptable ignition and cold flow properties.

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Номер записи: 80
03-03-2016 дата публикации

Method for modifying bio-oil derived from biomass pyrolysis

Номер: US20160060539A1
Автор: Dashan WANG, Dechen SONG, Jiaqi Jin, Qianqian Liu, Shenke ZHENG, Xiaodong Zhan, Yanfeng Zhang
Принадлежит: Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd

A method for modifying bio-oil derived from biomass pyrolysis, the method including: 1) adding an inorganic salt and an organic demulsifier to a bio-oil; oscillating or stirring the resulting mixture, and resting the resulting mixture, to yield a lower layer being an aqueous solution and an upper layer being the bio-oil, and collecting the bio-oil; 2) employing a zeolite molecular sieve-loaded clay as a catalyst, and aging the catalyst using pure steam, to yield a modified catalyst; and 3) adding the modified catalyst obtained in 2) to a conventional catalytic cracking reactor, injecting the bio-oil obtained in 1) to the conventional catalytic cracking reactor using a piston pump, and allowing the bio-oil to react under a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of between 6 and 15 h −1 , a temperature of between 380 and 700° C., and a pressure between 0.1 and 0.8 megapascal.

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Номер записи: 81
21-02-2019 дата публикации

A Process for Producing Olefins Using Aromatic Saturation

Номер: US20190055483A1
Автор: BAFNA Sheetal, DESHPANDE Sanjeev, HUCKMAN Michael, Salazar-Guillen Jose Armando, SCHROER Joseph W., Stevenson Scott
Принадлежит:

A process for increasing olefin production from refinery that processes hydrocarbon streams that are rich in aromatic compounds and includes steam cracking and hydrotreating an aromatically rich feedstock to produce a hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream and light pyrolysis oil byproduct, saturating at least one additional naphtha/hydrocarbon stream together with the hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream or together with the light pyrolysis oil byproducts to form a first naphthene stream, and steam cracking the first naphthene stream to produce olefins. 1. A process for producing an olefin stream from a steam-cracked hydrocarbon stream , comprising:steam cracking a hydrocarbon stream to form a steam-cracked hydrocarbon stream and a heavy pyrolysis oil stream, wherein the steam-cracked hydrocarbon stream comprises at least one of butadiene, ethylene, propylene, and/or any combinations thereof;separating the steam-cracked hydrocarbon stream to form an olefin rich stream and a raw pyrolysis gasoline stream;hydrotreating the raw pyrolysis gasoline stream to form a first hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream;saturating the first hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream together with at least one additional naphtha/hydrocarbon stream to form a first naphthene stream; andflowing the first naphthene stream to the steam cracking to form olefins.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream comprises C compounds.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one additional naphtha/hydrocarbon stream is a hydrotreated residue fluid catalytic cracking heavy naphtha stream comprising mainly C compounds.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the hydrotreated residue fluid catalytic cracking heavy naphtha stream comprises 20-80% by weight of aromatic compounds.5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': 5−', '6+, 'splitting the first hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream into a Cstream and a C stream;'}{'sub': '6+', 'saturating ...

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Номер записи: 82
04-03-2021 дата публикации

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MIXTURE OF BIOHYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20210062094A1
Автор: OJala Antti, VAPOLA Risto
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

A method for producing a mixture biohydrocarbons; an isomeric renewable paraffin composition for producing a mixture of biohydrocarbons; a mixture of biohydrocarbons containing propene and ethene; and use of the mixture of biohydrocarbons for producing chemicals and/or polymer. 1. A method for producing a mixture of biohydrocarbons containing propene and ethene , the method comprising:(a) providing a renewable isomeric paraffin composition containing monobranched isoparaffins and multiple branched isoparaffins, a ratio of a wt-% amount of the monobranched isoparaffins to a wt-% amount of the multiple branched isoparaffins being at least 1; and(b) thermally cracking said renewable isomeric paraffin composition to produce a mixture of biohydrocarbons containing propene and ethene.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein providing the renewable isomeric paraffin composition comprises:(i) preparing a hydrocarbon raw material from a renewable feedstock; and(ii) subjecting at least straight chain hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon raw material to an isomerization treatment to prepare the renewable isomeric paraffin composition,wherein subjecting at least straight chain hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon raw material to an isomerization treatment includes controlling production of monobranched and multiple branched isoparaffins during the isomerization treatment.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a pour point of the renewable isomeric paraffin composition is below 0° C. claim 1 , and wherein combined wt-% amounts of the monobranched isoparaffins and the multiple branched isoparaffins in the renewable isomeric paraffin composition is at least 45 wt-%.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the wt-% amount of the monobranched isoparaffins to the wt-% amount of the multiple branched isoparaffins is at least 1.25.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the renewable isomeric paraffin composition contains less than 40 wt % multiple branched ...

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Номер записи: 83
20-02-2020 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF HIGH ENERGY-DENSE LIQUID HYDROCARBON FROM LOW ENERGY-DENSE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF OXYGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUND(S)

Номер: US20200056099A1
Автор: Emdadi Laleh, Lee Ivan C., Mahoney Luther J., Nguyen Chi K., Tran Dat T.
Принадлежит:

Methods to convert an oxygen containing organic compound(s) to one or more water-free liquid hydrocarbons products. They make use of a catalytic process in a two-stage reactor system having a first reactor and a second reactor in series. Process design is described for effective conversion of aqueous low energy-dense aqueous solutions containing oxygen containing organic compound(s) to liquid hydrocarbons; the process design preferably employs the solid acid catalysts comprised of microporous aluminosilicates denoted as zeolites mixed with silicon carbide binder in series of two reactor system with capability of complete water removal. 1. A method to convert an oxygen containing organic compound to one or more water-free liquid hydrocarbons products using a catalytic process in a two-stage reactor system having a first reactor and a second reactor in series , the method comprising:in the first reactor, aided with a catalyst, converting a feedstock of an aqueous solution of an oxygen containing organic compound to ethylene gas and water;allowing the resulting ethylene gas produced to flow from the first reactor to the second reactor;removing the water with a condenser between the first reactor and second reactor; andin the second reactor, aided with a catalyst, converting the ethylene gas to one or more liquid hydrocarbons.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution of the oxygen containing organic compound comprises: alcohol-water (methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , and alcohol-water mixtures) aldehyde-water (propanal claim 1 , and aldehyde-water mixtures) and ketone-water (acetone claim 1 , butanone claim 1 , and ketone-water mixtures) claim 1 , and carboxylate-water mixtures (acetate claim 1 , n-propyl acetate claim 1 , and n-butyl formate).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated-water mixture comprises ethanol in a concentration between 1% to 50% (by vol.)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic ...

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Номер записи: 84
05-03-2015 дата публикации

External steam reduction method in a fluidized catalytic cracker

Номер: US20150065759A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present disclosure generally relates to methods to reduce the external steam supplied to a fluidized catalytic cracker by injecting a stream comprising a water-containing renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker.

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Номер записи: 85
05-03-2015 дата публикации

Fluidized catalytic cracker riser quench system

Номер: US20150065760A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to a riser quench system comprising a quench line and one or more quench injecting ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil into the riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction as reactants.

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Номер записи: 86
22-05-2014 дата публикации

Process of Generating a Renewable Biofuel From a Hydrotreated Stream of Condensed Oxygenates

Номер: US20140142354A1
Автор: Brent Moore, Edward J. Smith, Jeffrey C. Trewella, Stephen J. McGovern, Vicente Sanchez
Принадлежит: Kior Inc

A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C 3 -C 5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C 6 + oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C 6 + hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 87
17-03-2022 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS OIL AND METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Номер: US20220081620A1
Автор: Apfelbacher Andreas, Hornung Andreas, NEUMANN Johannes, OUADI Miloud
Принадлежит: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit. 1. A pyrolysis oil comprising a carbon content greater than 65% by wt. , a hydrogen content greater than 5% by wt. and an oxygen content of less than 16% by wt. , a C content of no less than 0.1 parts per trillion , and an ash content.2. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the ash content in accordance with DIN EN 14775 claim 1 , at 815 degrees Celsius is 0.005% to 0.25% by wt.3. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil has not yet been subjected to further post-conditioning by distillation claim 1 , water removal claim 1 , hydrogenation claim 1 , or hydrodeoxygenation.4. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the acid value of the pyrolysis oil is less than 15 mg of KOH/g.5. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the acid value of the pyrolysis oil is less than 10 mg of KOH/g.6. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the acid value of the pyrolysis oil is less than 6 mg of KOH/g.7. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil has a calorific value in accordance with DIN EN 14918 of greater than 30 MJ/kg.8. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil has a fuel value in accordance with DIN EN 14918 of between 23 and 41 MJ/kg.9. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 88
17-03-2022 дата публикации

Method for producing renewable base oil and renewable fuel components

Номер: US20220081626A1
Автор: Jaana KANERVO, Jaana Makkonen, Jukka Myllyoja, Marja Tiitta
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

The present disclosure relates to methods for producing renewable base oil and other valuable renewable fuel components from a feedstock of biological origin comprising free fatty acids and glycerides. The feedstock is first separated to two or more effluent streams containing a fatty acid fraction and glyceride fraction. The glycerides are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol, and the fatty acids thus obtained are recycled to the separating. The fatty acids are then converted to the base oil by ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerisation. The glycerol is converted to propanols by selective hydrogenolysis.

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Номер записи: 89
27-02-2020 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS AND PETROLEUM CONTAINING MATERIALS

Номер: US20200061571A1
Автор: Medoff Marshall
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. 1. A method , comprising:directing charged particles having a mass greater than or equal to the mass of a proton to pass through a fluid, and then directing the charged particles to be incident on a biomass material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles comprise ions.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles comprise two or more different types of ions.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles are negatively charged.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions claim 1 , carbon ions claim 1 , oxygen ions claim 1 , nitrogen ions claim 1 , halogen ions claim 1 , and noble gas ions.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of air claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , and reactive gases.7. A method of treating biomass claim 1 , the method comprising:forming a plurality of negatively charged ions, and accelerating the negatively charged ions to a first energy;removing a plurality of electrons from at least some of the negatively charged ions to form positively charged ions; andaccelerating the positively charged ions to a second energy, and directing the positively charged ions to be incident on the biomass.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein removing the plurality of electrons from at least some of the negatively charged ions comprises directing the negatively charged ions to be incident on a metal foil.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein accelerating the negatively charged ions to a first energy comprises directing the ions to pass through a plurality of electrodes at different electrostatic ...

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Номер записи: 90
08-03-2018 дата публикации

DISCRIMINATE MASS TRANSFER IN A WET OXIDATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20180066192A1
Автор: Bartek Robert, Rejal Bahman
Принадлежит: CIRIS ENERGY, INC.

A method for treatment of a carbonaceous feedstock such as coal or biomass. The method comprises adsorbing an oxidizing agent selected from an oxygen containing gas, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and oxidizing acids from a liquid phase of an aqueous mixture comprising water and a carbonaceous feedstock onto the surface of the and the carbonaceous feedstock to produce an aqueous mixture with the liquid phase having a reduced content of the oxidizing agent carbonaceous feedstock having oxidizing agent adsorbed on a surface thereof, and heating this aqueous mixture to a temperature and for a sufficient time to partially oxidize and solubilize at least a portion of the carbonaceous feedstock. The reaction products may be chemically or physically separated, recycled to the heating step and/or subjected to microbial digestion in order to generate one or more desirable products from the carbonaceous feedstock. The solid portion of the reaction products may be further processed to be used in the paper industry. 1. A method for treating a carbonaceous feedstock , comprising the steps of{'b': '100', 'adsorbing () at least one oxidizing agent selected from an oxygen-containing gas, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and oxidizing acids from a liquid phase of an aqueous mixture comprising water, at least one oxidizing agent and the carbonaceous feedstock, onto the carbonaceous feedstock under conditions at which substantially no oxidative depolymerization of carbonaceous materials of the carbonaceous feedstock will occur in order to produce an aqueous mixture with the liquid phase having a reduced content of the oxidizing agent and the carbonaceous feedstock having oxidizing agent adsorbed on a surface thereof; and'}{'b': 200', '100, 'heating () the aqueous mixture produced in the adsorbing step () to a temperature and for a sufficient time to oxidatively depolymerize and solubilize at least a portion of the carbonaceous feedstock.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is an ...

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Номер записи: 91
09-03-2017 дата публикации

Methods of Refining Natural Oil Feedstocks

Номер: US20170066972A1
Автор: Chander Balakrishnan, Melvin L. Luetkens, Jr., Robert Snyder, Steven A. Cohen
Принадлежит: Elevance Renewable Sciences Inc

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

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Номер записи: 92
12-03-2015 дата публикации

Engineered fuel storage, respeciation and transport

Номер: US20150073062A1
Автор: Roy Edward McAlister
Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies LLC

Techniques, systems and material are disclosed for thermochemical regeneration of biomass into renewable engineered fuel, storage of the renewable engineered fuel, respeciation of the renewable engineered fuel and transport. In one aspect, a method includes generating low density hydrogen fuel from biomass dissociation at a first location of a low elevation. The low density hydrogen fuel is self-transported in a pipeline to a second location at a higher elevation than the first location by traveling from the first location to the second location without adding energy of pressure. A high density hydrogen carrier is generated at the second location of higher elevation by reacting the low density hydrogen fuel with at least one of a carbon donor, a nitrogen donor and an oxygen donor harvested from industrial waste. The high density hydrogen carrier is delivered to a third location of a lower elevation than the second location while providing pressure or kinetic energy.

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Номер записи: 93
07-03-2019 дата публикации

OXYGENATE REDUCTION CATALYST AND PROCESS

Номер: US20190070593A1
Автор: Del Fabbro Olinto, Focke Walter, Heydenrych Michael, Labuschagne Frederick, Merckel Ryan
Принадлежит:

The invention provides a catalyst system and method for the deoxygenation of hydrocarbons, such as bio-oil, using a sulphide-sulfate or an oxide-carbonate (LDH) system. The invention extends to a pyrolysis process of a carbonaceous bio-mass wherein a first combustion zone is carried out in one or more combustion fluidised beds in which a particulate material including chemically looping deoxygenation catalyst particles is fluidised and heated, and a second pyrolysis zone carried out in one or more pyrolysis fluidised beds in which the hot particles, including the catalyst particles, heated in the combustion zone are used for pyrolysis of the bio-mass, said combustion zone being operated at a temperature of from 250° C. to 1100° C., typically around 900° C., and the pyrolysis zone being operated at a temperature of from 250° C. to 900° C., typically 450° C. to 600° C., said catalyst particles being oxygenated in the pyrolysis zone in the presence of oxygenates in the pyrolysis oil and regenerated in the combustion zone either by calcining to drive off the carbon oxides, such as CO, or by reduction to its form which is active for deoxygenation of the pyrolysis oil. 125-. (canceled)26. A hydrocarbon deoxygenation catalyst system comprising:a chemical looping catalytically active substance adapted to be oxidized in a presence of an oxygenate in a fluid hydrocarbon product or a fluid hydrocarbon-containing product, thereby reducing an amount of the oxygenate therein, wherein the oxidized chemical looping catalytically active substance is adapted to be at least partially regeneratable by either reducing under reducing conditions, or by calcining to release at least some of a captured oxygenate in a form of a carbonate, thereby returning the chemical looping catalytically active substance to an active state, wherein the chemical looping catalytically active substance is adapted for use on a solid catalyst support at a level of between 1% and 99% by mass.27. The system of ...

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Номер записи: 94
07-03-2019 дата публикации

CATALYST CONTAINING PHOSPHATED KAOLIN AND ALUMINA FROM ACH AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

Номер: US20190070595A1
Автор: Garcia Stephany, PEARSON Gregory Alan
Принадлежит:

A catalyst for use in the thermocatalytic conversion of biomass contains alumina from aluminum chlorohydrate, phosphated kaolin and a calcined phosphated zeolite ZSM-5. The catalyst may be prepared by adding a slurry of particles of the calcined phosphated zeolite ZSM-5 to phosphoric acid and kaolin and then adding to the resulting product the aluminum chlorohydrate. The particles are then spray dried and calcined. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. (canceled)26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. A catalyst for converting biomass into bio-oil , the catalyst composed of particles comprising:(a) alumina derived from aluminum chlorohydrate;(b) phosphated kaolin; and(c) a calcined phosphated zeolite ZSM-5.29. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the amount of alumina derived from aluminum chlorohydrate in the catalyst is from about 8 to about 16 percent by weight claim 28 , based on the weight of alumina.30. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the amount of calcined phosphated zeolite ZSM-5 in the catalyst is between from 20 to 55 weight percent claim 28 , based on the total weight of the catalyst.31. The catalyst of claim 30 , wherein the amount of calcined phosphated zeolite ZSM-5 in the catalyst is between from about 35 to 50 weight percent claim 30 , based on the total weight of the catalyst.32. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the amount of phosphated kaolin in the catalyst is between from about 30 to about 50 weight percent claim 28 , based on the total weight of the catalyst.33. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the phosphated kaolin contains POand is prepared by reacting kaolin with phosphoric acid and further wherein the amount of POin the catalyst is between from 5 to about ...

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Номер записи: 95
24-03-2022 дата публикации

HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM

Номер: US20220089958A1
Автор: BATHURST Christopher Francis
Принадлежит:

The invention disclosed generally relates to a heat exchange system comprising an outer tube, an inner tube generally located within the outer tube and comprising a longitudinal axis running along the length of the inner tube, and a fixed elongate member located within the inner tube and comprising a longitudinal axis running along the length of the elongate member. The inner tube is mounted on a rotational drive system to rotate the inner tube about its longitudinal axis. The system further includes at least one inlet and at least one outlet. One or more projecting members project from an outer surface of the elongate member, an outer surface of the inner tube or an inner surface of the outer tube. 1. A heat exchange system comprising:an outer tube,an inner tube generally located within the outer tube and comprising a longitudinal axis running along the length of the inner tube,a fixed elongate member located within the inner tube and comprising a longitudinal axis running along the length of the elongate member;wherein the inner tube is mounted on a rotational drive system to rotate the inner tube about its longitudinal axis;wherein the system further includes at least one inlet and at least one outlet; andwherein one or more projecting members project from an outer surface of the elongate member, an outer surface of the inner tube or an inner surface of the outer tube.2. The heat exchange system of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube comprises the at least one inlet.3. The heat exchange system of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube comprises the at least one outlet.4. The heat exchange system of claims 1 , wherein the elongate member is a metal shaft.5. The heat exchange system of claims 1 , wherein the elongate member comprises one projecting member that substantially extends along at least a portion of a length of the elongate member.6. The heat exchange system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one projecting member is in the form of a thread that extends along at ...

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Номер записи: 96
24-03-2022 дата публикации

System and processes for upgrading synthetic gas produced from waste materials, municipal solid waste or biomass

Номер: US20220089961A1
Автор: Darrell Ford, Ken Davison
Принадлежит: Iq Energy Inc

A system and process for producing synthetic gas from solid fuel comprising waste material, municipal solid waste or biomass, and for upgrading the synthetic gas produced. The system and process utilizes a first thermal chamber having a gasification zone in which a fuel stream is gasified by thermal oxidation to produce a first synthetic gas stream and heat; a pyrolysis reactor housed within the first thermal chamber where fuel undergoes pyrolysis to produce a second synthetic gas stream; and a thermal catalytic reactor comprising a second thermal chamber having a catalyst chamber within with a selected catalyst. The first synthetic gas stream is completely thermally oxidized to produce high temperature flue gas that imparts heat to the catalyst chamber in which the second synthetic gas stream is thermally cracked and directed over the catalyst to yield a finished gas or liquid product having a desired chemical composition as determined by the selected catalyst.

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Номер записи: 97
05-03-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR DEOXYGENATING OF OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS USING HYDROGENATION CATALYST AND HYDRODEOXYGENATION

Номер: US20200071620A1
Автор: CHOI Jae Wook, HA Jeong Myeong, JAE Jungho, PARK Jong Min, SEO Jangwoo, SUH Dong Jin, YANG Gi Seok, YOON Young Hyun
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method for deoxygenating an oxygenated hydrocarbon compound using a hydrogenation catalyst of immersing a metal in a carrier comprising a metal oxide and a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst of immersing a metal in a carrier comprising a metal oxide. It is possible to increase deoxygenation efficiency by combining the hydrogenation catalyst and the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst. 1. A method for deoxygenating an oxygenated hydrocarbon compound comprising:a first-step hydrogenation reaction using a hydrogenation catalyst comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), and cobalt (Co), which is immersed in a carrier comprising a metal oxide; anda second-step hydrodeoxygenation reaction using a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt), which is immersed in the carrier comprising the metal oxide.2. The method for deoxygenating an oxygenated hydrocarbon compound of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide of the hydrogenation catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of ceria (cerium oxide claim 1 , CeO) and zirconia (zirconium oxide claim 1 , ZrO).3. The method for deoxygenating an oxygenated hydrocarbon compound of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide of the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of tungstate zirconia (W—ZrO) claim 1 , silica claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , silica-alumina claim 1 , and zirconia.4. The method for deoxygenating an oxygenated hydrocarbon compound of claim 1 , wherein a tungstate zirconia carrier of the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst is a mixed oxide comprising tungsten and zirconium.5. The method for deoxygenating an oxygenated hydrocarbon compound of claim 1 , wherein the content of tungsten comprised in the tungstate zirconia carrier of the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst is 5 wt % to 25 wt % based on the total weight of the carrier ...

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Номер записи: 98
14-03-2019 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Renewable Fuel

Номер: US20190078026A1
Автор: Freel Barry A., Graham Robert G.
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for powering a vehicle , comprising: combusting a fuel in an internal combustion engine of the vehicle , the fuel formed by processing the liquid biomass and a petroleum fraction in the presence of a catalyst , the liquid biomass derived from a non-catalytic thermo-mechanical conversion comprising:i) grinding a dried cellulosic biomass; andii) liquefying at least 60 wt. % of the ground dried cellulosic biomass to form the liquid biomass.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the fuel is compliant with a fuel pathway specified in U.S. renewable fuel standard program regulations for generating one or more the cellulosic renewable identification numbers.23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the fuel is a cellulosic renewable identification number qualifying-gasoline.24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the fuel is a cellulosic renewable identification number qualifying-diesel fuel.25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the fuel is associated with a cellulosic renewable identification number.26. The method of claim 21 , wherein the fuel is a D-code 7-compliant fuel.27. The method of claim 21 , wherein the processed liquid biomass has a weight in the range of 1-5 wt. % of the combined weight of the processed liquid biomass and the processed petroleum fraction.28. The method of claim 21 , wherein the non-catalytic thermo- ...

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Номер записи: 99
26-03-2015 дата публикации

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

Номер: US20150086432A1
Автор: Harold A. Wright, Joshua B. PEARSON, Randy BLEVINS
Принадлежит: Res USA LLC

A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

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Номер записи: 100