СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к способу получения углеводородного топлива, который включает контактирование глицеридов жирных кислот со C1-C5 спиртом в присутствии твердого двойного цианида металлов в качестве катализатора при температуре в пределах 150-200°С в течение 2-6 ч, охлаждение указанной реакционной смеси до температуры в пределах 20-35°С, фильтрование реакционной смеси для отделения катализатора с последующим удалением непрореагировавшего спирта из полученного фильтрата путем вакуумной перегонки с получением углеводородного топлива, при этом один металл катализатора представляет собой Zn2+, a второй представляет собой ион Fе. Технический результат - высокий выход углеводородных топлив. 10 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА, АДАПТИРОВАННЫЙ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ СЫРЬЯ С НИЗКИМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ УГЛЕРОДА ПО КОНРАДСОНУ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦИЮ КОКСООБРАЗУЮЩЕЙ ФРАКЦИИ ПО НОВОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

Изобретение относится к области каталитического крекинга нефтяных фракций. Изобретение касается способа производства бензина в установке каталитического крекинга, содержащей, по меньшей мере главный реактор, работающий на сырье с низким содержанием углерода по Конрадсону и с высоким содержанием водорода, при этом упомянутый способ содержит рециркуляцию суспензионной фракции либо в боковой емкости, расположенной на отводе отпарной колонны, либо внутри отпарной колонны при помощи трубчатой камеры, находящейся внутри упомянутой отпарной колонны. Технический результат - рециркуляция суспензионной фракции, позволяющая избежать образования горячих точек. 3 н. и 5 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 4 табл.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВА ИЗ СЫРЬЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ОДНОСТАДИЙНЫМ ГИДРИРОВАНИЕМ В ПРИСУТСТВИИ NiW КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Изобретение относится к способу получения смеси компонентов топлива, причем способ включает использование сырья биологического происхождения. Способ получения смеси компонентов топлива включает: обеспечение сырья биологического происхождения, выбранного из таллового масла, сырого таллового масла и биомасла из гидропиролизованной древесины, одностадийное гидрирование указанного сырья биологического происхождения и газообразного водорода в присутствии каталитической системы, включающей NiW катализатор на носителе из цеолит-AlO, с образованием смеси компонентов топлива. Изобретение также относится к устройству для получения смеси компонентов топлива из сырья биологического происхождения. Технический результат - упрощение способа и устройства путем исключения промежуточных стадий и затрат. 2 н. и 15 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл., 3 ил., 2 пр.

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Изобретение относится к области изготовления топлива. Способ изготовления биотоплива включает: изготовление суспензии, содержащей исходный органический материал, воду и нефть, обработку суспензии в реакторном устройстве при температуре от приблизительно 200°С до приблизительно 450°С и давлении от приблизительно 100 бар (10 МПа) до приблизительно 350 бар (35 МПа), охлаждение суспензии и снижение указанного давления, в результате чего получается продукт, содержащий указанное биотопливо, при этом указанный исходный органический материал содержит лигноцеллюлозный материал или лигнит. Технический результат - переработка твердой лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, имеющей низкое удельное энергосодержание в жидкую бионефть, которая имеет высокое удельное энергосодержание, является устойчивой, пригодной для хранения, перекачивания, переработки. 23 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл., 1 ил., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОУГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ПУТЕМ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА ИЗОПАРАФИНОВ

Изобретение относится к способу производства биоуглеводородов. Способ производства биоуглеводородов включает в себя: стадию обеспечения изомерного сырьевого материала, полученного из биологически возобновляемого сырья и содержащего С10-С20-углеводороды в количестве более 50% по массе, предпочтительно не менее 75% по массе, более предпочтительно не менее 90% по массе, причем содержание С10-С20-углеводородов с четным числом атомов в углеродной цепи предпочтительно более 50% по массе, и ароматические соединения в количестве не более 1,0% по массе, предпочтительно не более 0,5% по массе, более предпочтительно не более 0,2% по массе, и олефины в количестве менее 2,0% по массе, предпочтительно не более 1,0% по массе, более предпочтительно не более 0,5% по массе, и стадию крекинга, на которой выполняют термический крекинг изомерного сырьевого материала для получения биоуглеводородов, причем термический крекинг на стадии крекинга проводят при температуре на выходе из змеевика (ТВЗ) не выше 825° ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ

Изобретение относится к способу получения низкомолекулярных ароматических соединений. Способ получения низкомолекулярных ароматических соединений из черного щелока включает: предоставление черного щелока, который является производным от щелочной обработки древесной щепы, где древесная щепа является производной от твердой древесины; подвергание черного щелока обработке пиролизом, чтобы получить от пиролизованного черного щелока газ и массив твердотельного вещества, содержащий обуглившееся вещество и соли, в первом реакторе, где соли являются, в основном, производными от обработки черного щелока; приведение по меньшей мере части газа от пиролизованного черного щелока в контактирование с катализатором во втором реакторе, который отличается от первого реактора, чтобы предоставить конверсионную обработку для получения на выходе продукта конверсии; извлечение низкомолекулярных ароматических соединений из продукта конверсии. Технический результат – более высокий суммарный выход низкомолекулярных ...

СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ С ПОНИЖЕННЫМ КИСЛОТНЫМ ЧИСЛОМ И ДЛЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЦЕПОЧЕЧНЫХ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ

Изобретение относится к способу получения углеводородов из источника жирных кислот, включающему (a)нагревание источника жирных кислот с получением первой композиции, содержащей углеводороды и по меньшей мере одну свободную короткоцепочечную жирную кислоту; и (b)отделение по меньшей мере одной свободной короткоцепочечной жирной кислоты из первой композиции посредством процесса адсорбции или процесса ионного обмена. Описанные здесь способы обеспечивают эффективный способ удаления и выделения короткоцепочечных жирных кислот из углеводородов, которые образуются при нагревании источника жирных кислот. Короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты могут непрерывно выделяться и подаваться в реактор пиролиза, что, в свою очередь, повышает общую эффективность получения углеводородов. В качестве альтернативы, короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты могут быть выделены и использованы в других применениях. 27 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 5 ил.

СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЛАНЦЕВОЕ МАСЛО, ПУТЕМ ГИДРОКОНВЕРСИИ В КИПЯЩЕМ СЛОЕ, ФРАКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ АТМОСФЕРНОЙ ДИСТИЛЛЯЦИИ И ГИДРОКРЕКИНГА

Изобретение относится к способу конверсии сланцевого масла или смеси сланцевых масел, имеющих содержание азота по меньшей мере 0.1 мас. %, содержащему следующие стадии: a) сырье вводится в часть для гидроконверсии в присутствии водорода, причем указанная часть содержит, по меньшей мере, реактор с кипящем слоем, работающий в режиме газообразного и жидкого восходящего потока и содержащий по меньшей мере один катализатор гидроконверсии на подложке, b) выходящий поток, полученный на стадии а), вводится по меньшей мере частично в зону фракционирования, из которой, посредством атмосферной дистилляции, выходят газообразная фракция, фракция лигроина, фракция газойля и фракция, более тяжелая, чем фракция газойля, c) указанная фракция лигроина обрабатывается по меньшей мере частично в первой части для гидрообработки в присутствии водорода, причем указанная часть содержит по меньшей мере один реактор с фиксированным слоем, содержащий по меньшей мере один катализатор гидрообработки, d) указанная фракция ...

СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЛАНЦЕВОЕ МАСЛО, ПУТЕМ УДАЛЕНИЯ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЙ, ГИДРОКОНВЕРСИИ В КИПЯЩЕМ СЛОЕ И ФРАКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ АТМОСФЕРНОЙ ДИСТИЛЛЯЦИИ

Изобретение относится к способу конверсии сланцевого масла или смеси сланцевых масел, имеющих содержание азота по меньшей мере 0.1 мас. %, содержащему следующие стадии: a) сырье подвергается удалению загрязнений с получением остатка и масла, очищенного от загрязнений, b) масло, очищенное от загрязнений, вводится в часть для гироконверсии в присутствии водорода, причем указанная часть содержит по меньшей мере один реактор с кипящим слоем, работающий в режиме газообразного и жидкого восходящего потока и содержащий по меньшей мере один катализатор гидроконверсии на подложке, c) выходящий поток, полученный на стадии b), вводится по меньшей мере частично в зону фракционирования, из которой, посредством атмосферной дистилляции, выходят газообразная фракция, фракция лигроина, фракция газойля и фракция, более тяжелая, чем газойль, d) указанная фракция лигроина обрабатывается по меньшей мере частично в другой части для гидрообработки в присутствии водорода, причем указанная часть содержит по меньшей ...

МЕТОДЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ТОПЛИВА ДЛЯ РЕАКТИВНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ИЗ НАТУРАЛЬНОГО МАСЛА КАК ИСХОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ РЕАКЦИЙ ОБМЕНА

Изобретение относится к способам получения топлива для реактивных двигателей, характеризующимся проведением реакции между исходным сырьем, в состав которого входит натуральное масло, и легким олефином в присутствии катализатора реакции обмена в условиях, достаточных для образования продукта реакции обмена. Гидрирование продукта реакции обмена происходит в условиях, достаточных для образования топлива для реактивных двигателей. Также способы могут включать сепарирование воды и изомеризацию топлива для реактивных двигателей. Топлива, получаемые по заявленным способам, содержат увеличенный выход С-Салканов. 2 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 3 пр., 1 табл.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОЛЕФИНОВЫХ МОНОМЕРОВ ИЗ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАСЕЛ

Изобретение относится к способу получения олефиновых мономеров для производства полимера. Способ характеризуется тем, что включает следующие стадии: введение в каталитический слой (7) биологического масла, содержащего более 50% жирных кислот таллового масла и до 25% смоляных кислот таллового масла, а также газообразного водорода; каталитическое дезоксигенирование масла водородом в слое (7); охлаждение потока, выходящего из слоя (7), и его разделение на жидкую фазу (10), содержащую углеводороды, и газообразную фазу; и паровой крекинг (4) жидкости (13), содержащей углеводороды, с образованием продукта, содержащего полимеризующиеся олефины. Настоящий способ предоставляет применимый в промышленности процесс, который может использоваться для превращения сырья в основе древесины в олефиновые мономеры, применимые для производства полимеров на основе биологического сырья. 14 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 6 пр., 1 ил.

ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМАЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ

Изобретение относится к углеводородной композиции. Углеводородная композиция, пригодная в качестве топлива или топливного компонента, содержит от 10 до 40 масс.% неразветвленных C-алканов, от 0,1 до 15 масс.% ароматических C-углеводородов, из которых, по меньшей мере, 90 масс.% являются моноароматическими, и не более чем 1 масс.% в сумме кислородсодержащих соединений; причем в данной композиции суммарное содержание C-алканов составляет от 50 до 95 масс.%, а суммарное содержание C-алканов, ароматических C-углеводородов и C-циклоалканов составляет, по меньшей мере, 95 масс.%; и данные количества вычислены по отношению к массе композиции. Кроме того, заявлен способ изготовления композиции, ее применение и смешанное топливо. Технический результат – получение углеводородной композиции, которую можно использовать в качестве топливного компонента или топлива. Малое содержание кислородсодержащих компонентов в составе композиции обеспечивает устойчивость при хранении и меньшую разрушаемость автомобильных ...

УСТАНОВКА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СРЕДНЕГО ДИСТИЛЛЯТА И НИЗШИХ ОЛЕФИНОВ ИЗ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ

Изобретение относится к способу получения продукта низшего олефина, включающему: каталитический крекинг сырьевого газойля в зоне реактора-стояка флюидизированного каталитического крекинга (ФКК) путем контактирования в зоне реактора-стояка ФКК при температуре от 400 до 600°С указанного сырьевого газойля с первым катализатором с получением продукта реактора-стояка ФКК, который разделяют на продукт крекинга газойля и первый отработанный катализатор; контактирование сырья промежуточного реактора, содержащего по меньшей мере часть продукта крекинга газойля, со вторым катализатором в реакторе промежуточного крекинга при температуре от 482 до 871°С с получением продукта крекинга промежуточного реактора, содержащего, по меньшей мере, одно соединение низшего олефина и второй отработанный катализатор; разделение указанного продукта крекинга промежуточного реактора с получением продукта низшего олефина, содержащего, по меньшей мере, одно соединение низшего олефина; в котором сырье промежуточного реактора ...

АППАРАТУРА И СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу каталитического крекинга, включающему следующие стадии:тяжелое углеводородное сырье и необязательно распыляющий водяной пар приводят в контакт с катализатором, содержащими формоселективный цеолит со средним размером пор менее 0.7 нм, в первом лифт-реакторе и в результате реакции получают поток, содержащий первые углеводороды и первый закоксованный катализатор, причем указанные первые углеводороды и указанный первый закоксованный катализатор разделяют в сепараторе в конце первого лифт-реактора;легкое углеводородное сырье и необязательно распыляющий водяной пар подают во второй лифт-реактор с катализатором, содержащим формоселективный цеолит со средним размером пор менее 0.7 нм, и в результате реакции получают второй углеводородный продукт и второй закоксованный катализатор, которые подают в реактор с кипящим слоем, соединенный последовательно с указанным вторым лифт-реактором, где протекает реакция в присутствии катализатора, содержащего формоселективный ...

УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ В СЕКЦИОННОМ АППАРАТЕ БАРАБАННОГО ТИПА С ПРОХОДНЫМИ ОТВЕРСТИЯМИ В ПЕРЕГОРОДКАХ МЕЖДУ СЕКЦИЯМИ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Группа изобретений относится к области переработки материалов, в частности к способу и устройству для переработки отходов сельского хозяйства. Способ включает подачу исходного сырья, тел инертного наполнителя и газового агента в секционный аппарат барабанного типа с проходными отверстиями в перегородках между секциями, приведение аппарата в движение и создание сквозного потока газового агента через аппарат. При этом заполняют телами наполнителя секции аппарата полностью или частично, причем выше уровня проходных отверстий. На пути прохождения потока газового агента формируют активную зону, в которой проводят заданную по скорости и/или времени просыпку и/или проливку исходного сырья, обеспечивая его движение между поверхностями тел наполнителя и/или через сами тела наполнителя. Кроме того, осуществляют регулировку времени и/или интенсивности взаимодействия исходного сырья с газовым агентом, что позволяет интенсифицировать процесс взаимодействия между веществами, как в одинаковых, так и различных ...

ОДНОРЕАКТОРНЫЙ СПОСОБ СЖИЖЕНИЯ БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к способу преобразования биомассы сжижением. Однореакторный способ сжижения биомассы включает следующие стадии: готовят суспензию, содержащую катализатор, вулканизирующий агент и биомассу, вводят в суспензию водород для проведения реакции, при этом реакцию контролируют, таким образом, чтобы она протекала под давлением 13-25 МПа и при температуре 300-500°С, в результате чего получают бионефть, при этом указанное введение водорода в суспензию включает 2 этапа: впрыскивают водород под высоким давлением в суспензию в первый раз до объемного соотношения водорода к суспензии (50-200):1; нагревают суспензию до 200-350°С и впрыскивают водород под высоким давлением в суспензию во второй раз до объемного соотношения водорода к суспензии (600-1500):1 с получением, таким образом, реакционной смеси сырья и нагревают реакционную смесь сырья до 320-450°С, подают смесь нагретого реакционного сырья в реактор с трехфазным псевдоожиженным слоем для проведения реакций гидролиза, крекинга ...

УЛУЧШЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ ЛИГНИНА В СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ПОДХОДЯЩИЕ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

... 1. Способ конверсии сырьевого потока лигниновой биомассы в полученный конверсией поток лигнина, где указанный способ включает стадии:A) объединения сырьевого потока лигниновой биомассы с катализатором, содержащим оксид никеля, и жидким растворителем в реакционной емкости,B) гидрогенизирования сырьевого потока лигниновой биомассы при температуре гидрогенизирования и давлении гидрогенизирования в течение времени гидрогенизирования,где водород получают из группы, состоящей из донора водорода и непосредственного добавления газообразного водорода,C) дезоксигенирования гидрогенизированной лигниновой биомассы при температуре дезоксигенирования и давлении дезоксигенирования в течение времени дезоксигенирования.2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что температура гидрогенизирования находится в диапазоне, выбранном из группы, состоящей из диапазонов от 190°C до 370°C, от 210°C до 370°C, от 220°C до 360°C, от 240°C до 360°C, от 250°C до 360°C, от 280°C до 360°C, от 290°C до 350°C и от 300°C до 330 ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ ИЗ РАСПЛЮЩЕННЫХ СЕМЯН МАСЛИЧНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ

... 1. Способ получения сложных эфиров жирных кислот, используемых в качестве дизельного биотоплива, из цельных семян масличных растений, включающий этапы: ! а. предварительный нагрев необрушенных цельных семян; ! b. расплющивание масличных семян вместе с их оболочкой; ! с. сушка расплющенных семян до достижения содержания воды и летучих веществ от 0,5 до 2,5%, предпочтительно от 1,5 до 2%; ! d. переэтерификация путем контакта расплющенных семян со спиртовой средой в присутствии катализатора; ! е. разделение жидкой и твердой фаз, получаемых в результате переэтерификации; ! f. нейтрализация жидкой фазы, полученной на этапе е); и ! g. удаление спирта и отделение глицерина от эфиров жирных кислот. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что толщина расплющенных семян находится в пределах от 10 мкм до 1 мм, предпочтительно от 0,1 до 0,3 мм, более предпочтительно толщина расплющенных семян меньше 0,2 мм, а размер расплющенных семян находится в пределах от 3 до 5 мм. ! 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся ...

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ ЛИГНИНА В СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ПОДХОДЯЩИЕ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

... 1. Непрерывный способ конверсии лигнинового сырья, содержащего лигнин, причем указанный способ включает:дезоксигенирование лигнина до совокупности продуктов конверсии лигнина в реакторе для конверсии лигнина, содержащем содержимое реактора, содержащее жидкую композицию, содержащую по меньшей мере одно соединение, являющееся жидкостью при 1 бар и 25°C; и при этом одновременное непрерывное выведение по меньшей мере части совокупности продуктов конверсии лигнина из реактора;где конверсию лигнина проводят путем приведения лигнина в контакт с водородом и первым катализатором; иконверсию лигнина проводят при температуре конверсии лигнина и давлении конверсии лигнина, где температура конверсии лигнина находится в интервале выше температуры кипения указанной жидкой композиции при атмосферном давлении и ниже критической температуры жидкой композиции, а давление конверсии лигнина выше давления в пузырьке указанной жидкой композиции при температуре конверсии лигнина, при этом давление конверсии лигнина ...

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ изготовления биотоплива, причем данный способ включает:изготовление суспензии, содержащей исходный органический материал, воду и нефть;обработку суспензии в реакторном устройстве при температуре от приблизительно 200°C до приблизительно 450°C и давлении от приблизительно 100 бар (10 МПа) до приблизительно 350 бар (35 МПа); иохлаждение суспензии и снижение указанного давления, в результате чего получается продукт, содержащий указанное биотопливо.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором суспензия содержит от приблизительно 20 мас.% до приблизительно 60 мас.% указанной нефти.3. Способ по п. 1, в котором суспензия содержит от приблизительно 20 мас.% до приблизительно 40 мас.% указанного органического материала.4. Способ по п. 1, в котором суспензия дополнительно содержит водный раствор спирта.5. Способ по п. 4, в котором спирт в водном растворе представляет собой этанол или метанол.6. Способ по п. 4, в котором суспензия имеет массовое процентное содержание указанного спирта от приблизительно ...

ОБРАБОТКА ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ГИДРООЧИСТКИ И ДЕПАРАФИНИЗАЦИИ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ЗАМЕРЗАНИЯ ТОПЛИВА ДЛЯ РЕАКТИВНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

... 1. Способ получения топлива для реактивных двигателей из сырья керосиновой фракции, включающий: ! - гидроочистку сырья керосиновой фракции в присутствии катализатора гидроочистки в условиях гидроочистки с получением гидроочищенного сырья керосиновой фракции; ! - депарафинизацию гидроочищенного сырья керосиновой фракции в присутствии катализатора, включающего молекулярное сито 1-D с десятичленными кольцами, в условиях депарафинизации с получением гидродепарафинизированного сырья керосиновой фракции и ! - фракционирование гидродепарафинизированного сырья керосиновой фракции с получением топлива для реактивных двигателей. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором сырье керосиновой фракции имеет интервал температур кипения от 149 до 343°С. ! 3. Способ по п.1, в котором условия гидроочистки включают температуру от 280 до 400°С, давление от 1480 до 20786 кПа (от 200 до 3000 фунтов/кв. дюйм), часовую объемную скорость жидкости от 0,1 до 10 ч-1 и расход газообразного водорода для обработки от 89 до 1780 м3 ...

СПОСОБЫ ДЕОКСИГЕНИРОВАНИЯ МАТЕРИАЛА НА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОСНОВЕ И ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТЕРЕФТАЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ НА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОСНОВЕ И ОЛЕФИНОВЫХ МОНОМЕРОВ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РАЗВЕТВЛЕННОГО УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА

... 1. Базовое масло, отличающееся тем, что базовое масло содержит разветвленные углеводороды, имеющие число атомов углерода по меньшей мере С18, оно содержит по меньшей мере 90% по весу насыщенных углеводородов, не более чем 15% по весу мононафтенов, и не более чем 1% по весу конденсированных динафтенов и полинафтенов, с индексом вязкости более чем 120, с базовым маслом биологического происхождения, и по меньшей мере 60% по весу насыщенных углеводородов, имеющих не более чем 5 атомов углерода. ! 2. Базовое масло по п.1, отличающееся тем, что базовое масло включает по меньшей мере 95% по весу насыщенных углеводородов, и по меньшей мере 75% по весу насыщенных углеводородов, имеющих не более чем 3 атома углерода. ! 3. Базовое масло по п.2, отличающееся тем, что оно включает по меньшей мере 97% по весу насыщенных углеводородов. ! 4. Базовое масло по любому из пп.1-3, отличающееся тем, что индекс вязкости базового масла составляет по меньшей мере 130. ! 5. Базовое масло по п.1, отличающееся тем ...

КОНВЕРСИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАСЕЛ В БАЗОВЫЕ МАСЛА И ТОПЛИВА ДЛЯ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

... 1. Способ, включающий стадии ! а) переработки содержащего триглицериды растительного масла с протеканием олигомеризации компонентов на основе ненасыщенных жирных кислот, содержащихся в нем, с получением олигомеризованной смеси; ! b) изомеризации олигомеризованной смеси над катализатором изомеризации с получением изомеризованной смеси, причем изомеризованная смесь включает компонент базового масла и компонент дизельного топлива; ! с) удаление из изомеризованной смеси воды с получением сухой изомеризованной смеси, причем сухая изомеризованная смесь включает, по меньшей мере, 10 мас.% алканов с числом атомов углерода 30 или больше; ! d) разделения сухой изомеризованной смеси на низкокипящую фракцию, из которой впоследствии получают дизельное топливо, и высококипящую фракцию; и ! е) последующей дополнительной изомеризации, по меньшей мере, части высококипящей фракции с получением базового масла. ! 2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий стадию очистки базового масла гидрированием с получением ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПИРОЛИЗА СЫРЬЯ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

РАЗДЕЛЯЮЩАЯ СРЕДА И СПОСОБЫ, ОСОБЕННО ПРИМЕНИМЫЕ ДЛЯ РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДНО-УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ЭМУЛЬСИЙ, ИМЕЮЩИХ НИЗКОЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОЕ НАТЯЖЕНИЕ НА ГРАНИЦАХ РАЗДЕЛА

... 1. Разделяющая среда для отделения воды от водно-углеводородной эмульсии, содержащая:коалесцирующий слой волокнистого нетканого материала для приема водно-углеводородной эмульсии и коалесцирования воды, присутствующей в ней в качестве дисперсной фазы таким образом, чтобы коалесцированные капли воды имели размер 1 мм или более; ислой волокнистого нетканого материала для удерживания капель в нижнем течении коалесцирующего слоя, имеющий большую площадь поверхности по БЭТ, по меньшей мере 90 м/г или более, достаточную для поддержания размера коалесцированных капель воды, чтобы обеспечить возможность их отделения от углеводорода.2. Разделяющая среда по п.1, в которой слой для удерживания капель имеет большую площадь поверхности по БЭТ, по меньшей мере 95 м/г или более.3. Разделяющая среда по п.1, в которой слой для удерживания капель имеет большую площадь поверхности по БЭТ, по меньшей мере 100 м/г или более.4. Разделяющая среда по п.1, в которой слой для удерживания капель содержит смесь волокон ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДИФИКАЦИЯ ПИРОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРОВ

СПОСОБ РАСТВОРЕНИЯ УГЛЯ, БИОМАССЫ И ДРУГИХ ТВЕРДЫХ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ В ПЕРЕГРЕТОЙ ВОДЕ

... 1. Способ солюбилизации твердого органического материала, по которому воздействуют на твердый органический материал окислителем в перегретой воде для образования, по крайней мере, одного солюбилизированного органического растворимого вещества.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что окислитель представляет собой молекулярный кислород (O).3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что молекулярный кислород образуется из перекиси водорода.4. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, отличающийся тем, что температура перегретой воды составляет от 100°С до 374°С.5. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что температура перегретой воды составляет от 200°С до 350°С.6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что реакцию проводят под давлением от 100 Па до 22 МПа.7. Способ по п.6, отличающийся тем, что реакцию проводят под давлением от 1,5 МПа до 17 МПа.8. Способ по п.7, отличающийся тем, что реакцию проводят под давлением от 12 МПа до 16 МПа.9. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что твердый органический материал выбирают из группы ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО ИСХОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ ИЗ ЛИГНИНА

... 1. Способ, включающий: гидропереработку лигнинсодержащего исходного сырья с получением исходного сырья для биотоплив, где лигнинсодержащее исходное сырье включает лигнин, отделенный от черного щелока со способа варки целлюлозы, и где в результате гидропереработки лигнина, содержащегося в исходном сырье для биотоплив, у последнего уменьшают уровень содержания кислорода и среднюю молекулярную массу в сопоставлении с лигнином. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где способ варки целлюлозы включает способ крафт-варки целлюлозы. ! 3. Способ по п.1, где лигнинсодержащее исходное сырье дополнительно содержит один или несколько компонентов, выбираемых из группы, состоящей из высушенной биомассы, кубовых остатков с нефтеперерабатывающего предприятия и их комбинаций. ! 4. Способ по п.1, где лигнинсодержащее исходное сырье дополнительно содержит один или несколько компонентов, выбираемых из группы, состоящей из пиролизного масла из порубочных остатков с лесопромышленного комплекса, побочных продуктов гидролиза целлюлозы ...

СПОСОБ И КАТАЛИЗАТОР ГИДРОПЕРЕРАБОТКИ

... 1. Способ производства углеводородного топлива из возобновляемого органического материала биологического происхождения, предусматривающий стадии: ! (a) формирования исходного сырья путем комбинирования ископаемого углеводородного топлива с возобновляемым органическим материалом, где содержание возобновляемого органического материала составляет от 1 до 35 об.%; ! (b) смешивания исходного сырья из стадии (а) с обогащенным водородом газом и проведения объединенного потока на стадию гидродезоксигенирования путем контакта указанного объединенного потока с катализатором гидродезоксигенирования, ! где катализатор гидродезоксигенирования представляет собой нанесенный Мо катализатор, имеющий содержание Мо от 0,1 до 20 мас.%, причем носитель выбран из оксида алюминия, диоксида кремния, диоксида титана и их комбинаций, и указанный носитель имеет бимодальную пористую структуру с порами с диаметром более 50 нм, которые составляют по меньшей мере 2 об.% общего объема пор. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где обогащенный ...

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

... 1. Непрерывный способ конверсии углеродистого материала, содержащегося в одном или более видах исходного сырья, в жидкий углеводородный продукт, при этом указанные виды исходного сырья включают углеродистый материал, содержащийся в исходной смеси, включающей один или более флюидов, содержащих воду и дополнительно жидкие органические соединения, по меньшей мере частично получаемые с помощью указанного способа, в концентрации, составляющей по меньшей мере 5% по массе, при этом указанный способ включает:- конверсию по меньшей мере части углеродистого материала путем:- повышения давления исходной смеси до давления в диапазоне от 250 до 400 бар- нагревания исходной смеси до температуры в диапазоне от 370 до 450°С и- выдерживания указанной находящейся под давлением и нагретой исходной смеси в реакционной зоне при давлении и температуре в требуемых диапазонах в течение предварительно заданного времени;- охлаждения исходной смеси до температуры в диапазоне от 25 до 200°С и- расширения исходной ...

ФЕРМЕНТАТИВНЫЙ ГИДРОЛИЗ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

... 1. Способ непрерывного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы, включающий, по меньшей мере, следующие стадии:(P) обеспечения, по меньшей мере, одного реактора, который может работать в стационарном состоянии;(A) добавления заданного количества целлюлозной биологической массы в указанный реактор, при этом указанная целлюлозная биологическая масса имеет содержание твердых продуктов, по меньшей мере, 10%;(Α') добавления заданного количества ферментов в указанный реактор;(E) осуществления, по меньшей мере, частичного ферментативного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы в указанном реакторе,при этом достигается стационарное состояние, при котором целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно добавляют в указанный реактор, в то время как, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованную целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно удаляют из указанного реактора, при этом указанная, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованная целлюлозная биологическая масса, которую непрерывно удаляют, имеет вязкость ...

СПОСОБЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОТОПЛИВА

... 1. Способ производства биотоплива, причем способ включает:обработку органического вещества водным растворителем и по меньшей мере одним дополнительным катализатором, который выбран из группы, состоящей из: катализатора на основе формиата щелочного металла; катализатора на основе карбоната щелочного металла; катализатора на основе переходного металла; катализатора на основе соли переходного металла; катализатора на основе формиата переходного металла; катализатора на основе соли щелочного металла; катализатора на основе соли щелочноземельного металла; кислотного катализатора; твердокислотного катализатора; катализатора конверсии водяного пара; катализатора на основе цеолита или алюмосиликата; катализатора на основе переходного металла на подложке; сульфидного катализатора; и основного катализатора, который представляет собой соль щелочного металла или соль переходного металла; при температуре между примерно 250°С и примерно 400°С и под давлением между примерно 100 бар и примерно 300 бар, ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МАСЛА ИЗ БИОМАССЫ И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОЛЕФИНОВЫХ МОНОМЕРОВ ИЗ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАСЕЛ

... 1. Способ получения олефиновых мономеров для производства полимера, отличающийся тем, что включает следующие стадии:- введение в каталитический слой (7) биологического масла, содержащего более 50% жирных кислот таллового масла и до 25% смоляных кислот таллового масла, а также газообразного водорода;- каталитическое дезоксигенирование масла водородом в слое (7);- охлаждение потока, выходящего из слоя (7), и его разделение на жидкую фазу (10), содержащую углеводороды, и газообразную фазу; и- паровой крекинг (4) жидкости (13), содержащей углеводороды, с образованием продукта, содержащего полимеризующиеся олефины.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что загружаемое в реактор масло представляет собой фракцию, выделенную из сырого таллового масла и содержащую от 75 до 98% жирных кислот таллового масла и от 2 до 25% смоляных кислот таллового масла.3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в качестве катализатора дезоксигенирования используют металлический катализатор, такой как катализатор NiMo или ...

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ И ТОПЛИВ ИЗ БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ преобразования биомассы в полученные из биомассы топлива и химические вещества, включающий:обеспечение потока подачи биомассы, содержащего растворитель и компонент биомассы, содержащий целлюлозу, гемицеллюлозу или лигнин;осуществление каталитической реакции потока подачи биомассы с водородом и катализатором разложения при температуре разложения и давлении разложения для получения потока продукта, содержащего паровую фазу, жидкую фазу и твердую фазу, причем паровая фаза содержит один или несколько легкоиспаряющихся оксигенатов СО, жидкая фаза содержит воду и один или несколько оксигенированных углеводородов СО, а твердая фаза содержит экстрактивы;отделение легкоиспаряющихся оксигенатов СОот жидкой фазы и твердой фазы; иосуществление каталитической реакции легкоиспаряющихся оксигенатов СОв присутствии катализатора конденсации при температуре конденсации и давлении конденсации для получения соединения С, содержащего элемент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из спирта С, кетона С, алкана ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ИЗ БИОНЕФТИ

... 1. Способ получения углеводорода или смеси углеводородов, включающий:- подачу сырья из биологического материала в реактор, который включает по меньшей мере два слоя катализатора, содержащие катализаторы гидродеоксигенации (ГДО) и гидродепарафинизации (ГДП), где доля катализатора ГДП увеличивается в направлении к низу реактора, причем катализатор ГДО выбирают из группы, состоящей из NiMo, CoMo и смеси NiMo и CoMo;- обработку сырьевого материала в реакторе при температуре в диапазоне от 280 до 450°C и давлении от 1 до 25 МПа (от 10 до 250 бар) с получением по меньшей мере одного углеводорода и- извлечение углеводорода или смеси углеводородов.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что сырье биологического происхождения выбирают из группы, состоящей иза) растительных жиров, растительных масел, растительных восков; животных жиров, животных масел, животных восков; рыбьих жиров, рыбьих масел, рыбьих восков;б) жирных кислот или свободных жирных кислот, полученных из растительных жиров, растительных ...

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ДОБАВЛЕНИЯ ПАРА ДЛЯ ПРОЦЕССА ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ПАРОВЫМ ВЗРЫВОМ

... 1. Способ обработки сырьевого материала биомассы, который включает:подачу сырьевого материала через изолирующее давление устройство и в верхний впуск системы вертикального реакционного сосуда, где сырьевой материал располагают на столбе сырьевого материала внутри вертикального реакционного сосуда;добавление тепловой энергии для того, чтобы нагревать и повышать давление в сырьевом материале посредством введения первого объема пара в верхний участок системы вертикального реакционного сосуда;продвижение сырьевого материала через выпуск в нижнем участке системы вертикального реакционного сосуда посредством введения по меньшей мере второго объема пара в биомассу на уровне, соответствующем нижнему участку вертикального реакционного сосуда в, около или после нижнего выпуска вертикального реакционного сосуда;где введение первого объема пара и введение по меньшей мере второго объема пара вертикально разделяют посредством по меньшей мере части колонны биомассы, иперемещение продвигаемого сырьевого ...

Converting biomass to jet-fuel

The invention relates to a process and system for forming a hydrocarbon feedstock from a biomass material, and the hydrocarbon feedstock formed therefrom. The invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio‐derived jet fuel from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio‐derived jet fuel formed therefrom, as well as intermediate treated hydrocarbon feedstocks formed during the process. The process comprises the following: A. providing a biomass derived hydrocarbon feedstock comprising certain percentages of C8 compounds, C10 compounds, C12 compounds, C16 compounds and C18 compounds, B. processing this feedstock to produce a refined bio-oil, wherein the process comprises i. at least partially removing sulphur containing components from the hydrocarbon feedstock, ii. hydro-treating and iii. hydro-isomerising the hydrocarbon feedstock, and C. fractionating the resulting refined bio-oil to obtain a bio-derived jet fuel fraction.

Process for the selective production of hydrocarbon based fuels from algae utilizing water at subcritical conditions

Method of refining and producing fuel from naturaloil feedstocks.

Processing biomass

Extraction of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing materials and/or processing of hydrocarbon-containing materials.

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

PROCESSING MATERIALS

Inhibiting corrosion and scaling of surfaces contacted by sulfur-containing materials.

Extraction of hydrocarborns from hydrocarbon-containing materials

Apparatus and method for material treatment of rawmaterials

Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbons of biological origin.

Method and bioreactor for producing synfuel from carbonaceous material

Method for obtaining a fuel from jatropha seeds that are rich in fat

PROCESSING MATERIALS

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons

EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBONS FROM HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING MATERIALS AND/OR PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING MATERIALS

PROCESSING MATERIALS

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

METHODS OF REFINING AND PRODUCING FUEL FROM NATURAL OIL FEEDSTOCKS

Abiofuel composition, process of preparation and amethod of fueling thereof

Process for the hydroconversion of heavy oils

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MATERIAL TREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS

Inhibiting corrosion and scaling of surfaces by sulfur-containing materials

Process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Extraction of hydrocarborns from hydrocarbon-containing materials

Processing biomass

Process for the hydroconversion of heavy oils

Method and bioreactor for producing synfuel from carbonaceous material

Enhanced process for the hydroconversion of heavy oils through ebullated-bed systems

METHOD FOR OBTAINING A FUEL FROM JATROPHA SEEDS THAT ARE RICH IN FAT

METHOD FOR FRACTIONATING JATROPHA SEEDS

Extraction of hydrocarborns from hydrocarbon-containing materials

Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbons of biological origin

Enhanced process for the hydroconversion of heavy oils through eebullated-bed systems

PROCESSING HYDROXY-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS TO POLYMERS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Process and apparatus for extracting biodiesel from algae.

Processing biomass.

Method of refining and producing fuel from naturaloil feedstocks.

Method for fractionating jatropha seeds

Inhibiting corrosion and scaling of surfaces contacted by sulfur-containing materials.

Processing materials.

A fuel composition based on four-carbon-atom alcohols and additives for diesel-cycle motors

Apparatus and method for material treatment of rawmaterials

Abiofuel composition, process of preparation and amethod of fueling thereof

Abiofuel composition, process of preparation and amethod of fueling thereof

Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbons of biological origin.

Process for the selective production of hydrocarbon based fuels from algae utilizing water at subcritical conditions

Cooling and processing materials

Processing biomass

Extraction of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing materials and/or processing of hydrocarbon-containing materials.

Method for obtaining a fraction enriched with functionalised fatty acid esters from seeds of oleaginous plants.

PROCESSING MATERIALS

Method of refining and producing fuel from naturaloil feedstocks.

Biofuel containing levoglucosone and its production process from cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of an ionic liquid and an alkyl alcohol

The product Biofuel is presented as a motor fuel consisting of levoglucosone pure or mixed with ethanol and or hydrocarbons. Its production process from cellulose or starch uses in the first step, as a solvent and catalyst, a mixture of an alkyl alcohol, the ionic liquid N-alkyl imidazole hydrochloride and a small quantity of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the second step, levoglucosone is extracted with butanol. As butanol also extracts some N-alkyl imidazole, this is washed out by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Levoglucosone was identified by elemental analysis, NMR C13 and H and GC-MS.

Solvent-enhanced biomass liquefaction

The present invention provides an improved method for solvent liquefaction of biomass to produce liquid products such as transportation fuel. The method uses a novel solvent combination that promotes liquefaction relatively quickly, and it reduces the need to transport large amounts of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrying solvents. It operates at lower pressure than previous methods, does not require a catalyst or hydrogen gas or CO input, and provides very high conversion of biomass into a bio-oil that can be further processed in a petroleum refinery. It also beneficially provides a way to recycle a portion of the crude liquefaction product for use as part of the solvent combination for the biomass liquefaction reaction.

Hydrodynamic extraction of oils from photosynthetic cultures

The presently described invention relates to the method of extraction of oils from photosynthetic cultures using hydrodynamic cavitation technology for the production of biofuels or other products. This method is referred to herein as Hydrodynamic extraction.

Catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition

The present invention relates to a composition (“composite”) comprising lignin and at least one catalyst dispersed in the composition. The invention further provides a process for producing such a catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition.

Multi-functional catalyst composition for the conversion of biomass

A process is disclosed for the conversion of cellulosic biomass, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass. The process comprises heating the biomass to a conversion temperature in the range of from 200 to 500° C. in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system comprises a basic functionality comprising an alkali metal component and a multivalent metal component. The catalyst system optionally further comprises an acidic component.

Bio-oil recovery systems

An emulsion-breaking additive is combined with an emulsion concentrate to yield a reaction product and the emulsion concentrate is produced in a process stream and contains entrapped bio-oil. Subsequent phase separating can be accomplished with gravity separation and/or mechanical processing. The emulsion-breaking additive can be native to the process stream. Related systems and methods are also provided.

Incorporation of catalytic dehydrogenation into fischer-tropsch synthesis to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions

A new method of producing liquid transportation fuels from coal and other hydrocarbons that significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions by combining Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with catalytic dehydrogenation is claimed. Catalytic dehydrogenation (CDH) of the gaseous products (C1-C4) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) can produce large quantities of hydrogen while converting the carbon to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Incorporation of CDH into a FTS-CDH plant converting coal to liquid fuels can eliminate all or most of the CO 2 emissions from the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction that is currently used to elevate the H 2 level of coal-derived syngas for FTS. Additionally, the FTS-CDH process saves large amounts of water used by the WGS reaction and produces a valuable by-product, MWCNT.

Coal Liquefaction System

The present disclosure relates to a coal liquefaction system for utilizing a hydrogenated vegetable oil to liquefy coal. The system includes a reactor for exposing a coal to a hydrogenated vegetable oil in the presence of a coal-derived solvent to form a slurry, a heater that elevates the temperature of the slurry in the reactor to facilitate liquefying the coal and liberating a volatile matter, and a centrifuge that separates the insoluble components from the slurry to obtain a de-ashed coal extract, wherein the coal extract is suitable for downstream processing. The system may also include a distillation column that distills the de-ashed coal extract to obtain a pitch. The system may also include a coker that cokes at least one of the de-ashed coal extract and the pitch to obtain a coke

Sewage Material in Coal Liquefaction

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for coal liquefaction using a sewage material. A method of obtaining a de-ashed coal extract includes exposing a coal to a sewage material in the presence of a coal-derived solvent to form a slurry, elevating the temperature of the slurry to facilitate liquefying the coal and liberating a volatile matter, and separating the insoluble components from the slurry to obtain a de-ashed coal extract, wherein the coal extract is suitable for downstream processing.

Method of Obtaining a High Quality Coke from Low Rank Coal Liquefaction

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for coal liquefaction and obtaining a obtaining a high quality coke from a low rank coal extract. A method of obtaining a high quality coke from a low rank coal extract may include exposing a coal to a hydrogenated vegetable oil in the presence of a coal-derived solvent to form a slurry, elevating the temperature of the slurry to facilitate liquefying the coal and liberating a volatile matter, separating the insoluble components from the slurry to obtain a de-ashed coal extract that is quinoline insoluble-free, distilling the coal extract under vacuum to obtain a pitch with a suitable softening point, and coking the pitch to obtain a coke. The coke may be at least one of an anisotropic coke, a metallurgical coke, a graphite coke, an anode coke, and a needle coke.

Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock

A method comprising the steps of providing a quantity of biologically-derived oil comprising triglycerides; processing the biologically derived oil so as to transesterify at least some of the triglycerides contained therein to yield a quantity of saturated monoesters and unsaturated monoesters; oligomerizing at least some of the unsaturated monoesters to yield a quantity of fatty acid ester oligomers; separating at least some of the saturated monoesters from the fatty acid ester oligomers; and hydrotreating at least some of the fatty acid ester oligomers to yield a quantity of alkanes.

Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock

A method comprising providing a fatty acyl mixture comprising: (i) a C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 30 wt. % wherein at least 80% of the C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chains are saturated; and (ii) a C 18 -C 22 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 20 wt. % wherein at least 50% of the acyl C 18 -C 22 carbon atom chains contain at least one double bond; hydrolyzing the mixture to yield a quantity of C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids; oligomerizing at least some of the C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids to yield a quantity of C 36+ fatty acid oligomers; hydrotreating at least some of the C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and at least some of the C 36+ fatty acid oligomers to yield a quantity of diesel fuel blendstock and C 36+ alkanes; and separating at least some of the diesel fuel blendstock from the C 36+ alkanes.

Method for converting lignocellulosic materials into useful chemicals

A method of converting particulate lignocellulosic material to produce volatile organic compounds and char, comprising, forming a mixture of the particulate lignocellulosic material with a catalyst composition containing polar organic liquid and an acid in the presence or absence of added water, heating the mixture to a temperature sufficiently high and for a period sufficiently long as to convert a major portion of any remaining solid phase of the mixture to char whilst agitating the mixture, and separating volatile organic compounds and the catalyst composition as a gaseous phase from the solid phase.

High cetane renewable fuels

A method for reducing the emissions of a diesel engine using a RHE-diesel fuel.

Methods for producing fuels and solvents

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid resources. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

Process for producing a renewable hydrocarbon fuel

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for producing a renewable hydrocarbon fuel. The process can include providing a feed including a lignocellulosic material to a pyrolysis zone to produce a stream including a pyrolysis oil, providing the pyrolysis oil stream to a refining zone producing a refined stream, providing at least a portion of the refined stream to a reforming zone producing a stream including hydrogen, providing at least a portion of the hydrogen stream to the refining zone; and recovering the renewable hydrocarbon fuel from the refined stream.

Production of renewable fuels

The present disclosure relates to a process for the conversion of oxygen-containing hydrocarbons into long-chain hydrocarbons suitable for use as a fuel. These hydrocarbons may be derived from biomass, and may optionally be mixed with petroleum-derived hydrocarbons prior to conversion. The process utilizes a catalyst comprising Ni and Mo to convert a mixture comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons into product hydrocarbons containing from ten to thirty carbons. Hydro-conversion can be performed at a significantly lower temperature than is required for when utilizing a hydrotreating catalyst comprising Co and Mo (CoMo), while still effectively removing sulfur compounds (via hydrodesulfurization) to a level of 10 ppm (by weight) or less.

Solvolysis of biomass using solvent from a bioreforming process

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing woody biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable woody biomass particles and a multi-phase solvent extraction

A composition of matter with of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Wood Phytoleum from woody Pinaceae and Myrtaceae biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition of matter through the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle and a phased multi-wash solvent system of extraction and refinement. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle by shearing and chipping, the application of a phased multi-wash solvent system to the solvent permeable particle utilizing a non-polar solvent together with a bridge solvent soluble in both the non-polar solvent and in water, the application of a final bridge solvent wash to the solvent permeable particle, a mechanism for washing the particles of the woody biomass within the multi-wash solvent system, a mechanism for the collection of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution from the multi-wash solvent system, the extraction of the solvent from the solvent saturated particles of the woody biomass and the discharge for continued use of the woody biomass, and a process and mechanism for the extraction, collection and refinement of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution to discharge the solvents for reuse and to collect the Wood Phytoleum liquid oil including Pinene A and Pinene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting mainly oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable batting mat and a multi-phase solvent extraction

A composition of matter with of the creation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Phytoleum from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of a batting mat and multi-phase solvent extraction. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of manufacturing a fibrous batting mat from the raw biomass, crushing the biomass, shearing the biomass with a rotating knives blade array, compressing the biomass by passing the biomass through press rollers, amalgonating the biomass into a Batting Mat, subjecting the Batting Mat to a phased multi-wash solvent system, extracting the solvents and oils liquid solution for recovery, subjecting the liquid solution to a centrifugation system to extract the Phytoleum hydrocarbon oil from the other components, and refining the final product to yield Phytoleum which is a composition of matter including Tirucallene A and Tirucallene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

Method and systems for making distillate fuels from biomass

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems and catalysts for converting biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks to C 8+ hydrocarbons using heterogenous catalysts. The product stream may be separated and further processed for use in chemical applications, or as a neat fuel or a blending component in jet fuel and diesel fuel, or as heavy oils for lubricant and/or fuel oil applications.

Methods and products using grass of the genus triodia

According to this invention, plants of the genus Triodia are harvested for use as a renewable energy source or as a means of carbon sequestration. Triodia is a hummock-forming grass endemic to Australia, commonly known as spinifex. It is an abundant perennial plant which grows in semi-arid and arid regions. The novel use of Triodia as a biofuel feedstock has many advantages over the prior art. Being perennial, there is no need to plant and fertilise crops. The plants can be continuously harvested without damaging the soil. Triodia grows well with even small amounts of natural rainfall.

Systems and processes for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and hydrocarbonaceous materials for production of aromatics with optional olefin recycle, and catalysts having selected particle size for catalytic pyrolysis

This invention relates to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product, and more specifically, to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product via catalytic pyrolysis. Some embodiments relate to methods for the production of specific aromatic products (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, etc.) via catalytic pyrolysis. Some such methods may involve the use of a composition comprising a mixture of a solid hydrocarbonaceous material and a heterogeneous pyrolytic catalyst component. In some embodiments, an olefin compound may be co-fed to the reactor and/or separated from a product stream and recycled to the reactor to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products. The methods described herein may also involve the use of specialized catalysts. For example, in some cases, zeolite catalysts may be used. In some instances, the catalysts are characterized by particle sizes in certain identified ranges that can lead to improve yield and/or selectivity of certain products.

Method for producing aviation fuel oil base and aviation fuel oil composition

A method for producing an aviation fuel oil base includes obtaining a first generated oil by hydrotreating a feedstock by bringing a feedstock which includes an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound derived from an animal or vegetable oils and fat into contact with a first dual functional catalyst which has dehydrogenation and hydrogenation functions and which includes a metal of group 6A of the periodic table, a metal of group 8, and an amorphous solid acidic substance, in the presence of hydrogen; and obtaining a second generated oil including an aviation fuel oil base by hydroisomerizing the first generated oil by bringing the first generated oil into contact with a second dual functional catalyst which has dehydrogenation and hydrogenation functions and which includes a metal of the group 8 of the periodic table and a crystalline solid acidic substance, in the presence of hydrogen.

Lignin Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

Methods for producing fuels and solvents substantially free of fatty acids

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid re-extraction sources. In general, the pyrolysis products of fatty acids are extracted in order to remove residual fatty acids and produce very pure hydrocarbon compositions composed of alkanes and alkenes. The fatty acids removed from the extraction step can be further pyrolyzed to produce additional hydrocarbons or, in the alternative, the fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

Hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment of biomass

A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to less than 300° C. in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons.

Deoxygenation of fatty acids for preparation of hydrocarbons

Embodiments of methods for making renewable diesel by deoxygenating (decarboxylating/decarbonylating/dehydrating) fatty acids to produce hydrocarbons are disclosed. Fatty acids are exposed to a catalyst selected from a) Pt and MO 3 on ZrO 2 (M is W, Mo, or a combination thereof), or b) Pt/Ge or Pt/Sn on carbon, and the catalyst decarboxylates at least 10% of the fatty acids. In particular embodiments, the catalyst consists essentially of 0.7 wt % Pt and 12 wt % WO 3 , relative to a mass of catalyst, or the catalyst consists essentially of a) 5 wt % Pt and b) 0.5 wt % Ge or 0.5 wt % Sn, relative to a mass of catalyst. Deoxygenation is performed without added hydrogen and at less than 100 psi. Disclosed embodiments of the catalysts deoxygenate at least 10% of fatty acids in a fatty acid feed, and remain capable of deoxygenating fatty acids for at least 200 minutes to more than 350 hours.

Cooling and processing materials

Systems and methods for cooling and processing materials are disclosed.

Serial Deconstruction of Biomass

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using water. The method generally includes loading a reactor with biomass and water, heating the reactor to a first deconstruction temperature and establishing a first deconstruction pressure, maintaining the reactor at the first deconstruction temperature and a first deconstruction pressure for a first deconstruction period, flushing the reactor with water, and repeating these steps one or more times after establishing a second deconstructing temperature and second deconstruction pressure.

Asphalt Binder Modifier Composition

Asphalt binder modifiers derived from the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass are provided. The asphalt binder modifiers are useful as anti-stripping agents and in increasing tensile strength ratios for asphalt concrete, asphalt-containing roofing materials, and other asphalt applications.

Methods and apparatuses for producing aromatic hydrocarbon-containing effluent

Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon-containing effluent are provided herein. The method comprises the step of rapidly heating a biomass-based feedstock to a first predetermined temperature of from about 300 to about 650° C. in the presence of a catalyst, hydrogen, and an organic solvent within a time period of about 20 minutes or less to form the aromatic hydrocarbon-containing effluent. The biomass-based feedstock comprises lignocellulosic material, lignin, or a combination thereof.

Production of chemicals and fuels from biomass

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to fuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the water insoluble components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to volatile C 2+ O 1-2 oxygenates, such as alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof. In certain applications, the volatile C 2+ O 1-2 oxygenates can be collected and used as a final chemical product, or used in downstream processes to produce liquid fuels, chemicals and other products.

Production method for biofuel

The present invention provides a production method for biofuel based on a technology to convert carbon-dioxide as a carbon source through photosynthesis by photosynthetic microorganisms to biomass and produce biofuel of the biomass. The production method for biofuel of the present invention comprises a culturing process (S 1 ) of culturing in a culture solution photosynthetic microorganisms which store oils, fats and carbohydrates in cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, an oil and fat conversion process (S 2 ) of converting the carbohydrates stored in the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms cultured in the culture apparatus to oils and fats, an extraction process (S 3 ) of extracting the oils and fats out of the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, and a reforming process (S 4 ) to reform the extracted oils and fats.

Recovery of Oleaginous Tricyglycerols from Wastewater Title of Invention Treatment Plant Foams

Tricyglycerols that may be converted to biofuel are recovered from oleaginous organisms in the natural and induced foam of wastewater treatment process plants. Growing oleaginous organisms in the form of comparatively dry foam simplifies harvest and is more efficient and efficacious than skimming the biomass off the top of the liquids that rely on less efficient centrifugation or filtration methods typically required to concentrate cells grown in liquids.

Method for upgrading an oil, a fuel product and a hydrocarbon product fraction

Pyrolysis oil is upgraded by evaporating water from a mixture of the pyrolysis oil and a hydrocarbon having an atmospheric boiling point of at least 130° C. The method yields a de-watered pyrolysis oil mixture.

Biomasses for the production of alternative petrochemical feedstock

Systems and methods for the recomposition and conversion of biomasses to alternative petrochemical feedstock are herein disclosed. According to one embodiment, a process involves reducing the particle size of at least one constituent of a biomass feedstock, removing at least one constituent from the biomass feedstock and adding at least one constituent to the biomass feedstock.

Liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression

A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. Various examples pertain to a liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression to a diesel cycle fuel engine where the fuel can be able to be produced by means of biotechnology from renewable biologic source, including processes of fermentation of sugars or materials available on sugar and ethanol plants. As an example, a produced fuel can be used conventionally as replacement of diesel in urban transportation vehicles or roads and can be an alternative to diesel fuel. The composition can be employed alone or mixed to fossil diesel oil (e.g., in the engine, etc.).

Application of Bacteriophages for the Control of Unwanted Bacteria in Biofuel Production Mediated by Bacterial Reactive Agents

A method of reducing process interruptions in biofuel production systems mediated by bacterial reactive agents by reducing the amount of unwanted bacteria without reduction of wanted or useful bacteria. The method comprises applying a phage panel(s) containing phage virulent for unwanted bacteria that does not contain phage phages virulent wanted bacteria. The method includes, optionally, the selective production of solutions of phage for unwanted bacteria from which phages for wanted bacteria are screened out.

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Process for the manufacture of butanol or acetone

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

Method for tiered production of biobased chemicals and biofuels from lignin

The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

Process for the manufacture of butanol or acetone

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

Methods for co-production of alkylbenzene and biofuel from natural oils using hydrocracking

Embodiments of methods for the production of linear alkylbenzene and optionally biofuel from a natural oil are provided. A method comprises the step of deoxygenating the natural oils to form paraffins. A first portion of the paraffins is hydrocracked to form a first stream of normal and lightly branched paraffins in the C 9 to C 14 range and a second stream of isoparaffins. The first stream is dehydrogenated to provide mono-olefins. Then, benzene is alkylated with the mono-olefins under alkylation conditions to provide an alkylation effluent comprising alkylbenzenes and benzene. Thereafter, the alkylbenzenes are isolated to provide the alkylbenzene product. Optionally a second portion of the paraffins and the isoparaffins are processed to form biofuel.

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

Method for fractionating jatropha seeds

A method for the solvent-free fractionation of jatropha seeds having a phorbol ester content and at least one fraction.

Method for extraction and purification of oils from microalgal biomass using high-pressure co2 as a solute

The present invention provides methods for the isolation of oils from intact or lysed microorganisms in aqueous media with pressurized carbon dioxide as a solute. Such oils may be used for the production of biofuels. Also provided for are methods for harvesting and rupturing whole cell microorganisms in aqueous media with pressurized carbon dioxide as a solute

Fast catalytic pyrolysis with recycle of side products

This invention relates to improvements in the fast pyrolysis of biomass. In this invention, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are condensed in the liquid phase and at least a portion of the recovered liquid is recycled to the pyrolysis reactor for further conversion to valuable, useful products.

Method and systems for isolation and/or separation of products from production processes

The present invention relates to separation of desired target products from biological, plant, and waste-type material, wherein the desired target products include renewable fuels such as ethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel, wherein the separation is conducted with a cross-flow filtration system having the ability to separate desired products from both non-viscous and viscous medium.

Method for processing vegetable biomass

The present invention relates to an energy-efficient process for the treatment of plant biomass, particularly sugar cane, for the production of carbohydrates and ethanol, using physico-chemical and extraction techniques, as well as very simple milling configurations, thereby minimizing energy consumption during extraction of the cane juice. The biomass treated and obtained through this process, when subjected to a fermentation process for the production of ethanol, increases the yield of the process in comparison with that of traditional sugar cane. It can also be used for the production of enzymes, animal feedstuffs, and other useful products.

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

Upgrading of bio-oil using synthesis gas

A method for producing biofuel and other hydrocarbons from bio-oil is disclosed. The method does not require the use of hydrogen derived from fossil fuel.

Engine worthy fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) from naturally occuring marine microalgal mats and marine microalgae cultured in open salt pans together with value addition of co-products

The invention teaches the obtained specifications and process of production of engine worthy marine microalgal fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) using naturally occurring marine microalgal mats and also marine microalgae cultivated in cost-effective manner in solar salt pans. Utility of co-product streams adds to the attractiveness of the invention.

Process for producing liquid hydrocarbon

The invention relates to a continuous process for converting carbonaceous material contained in one or more feedstocks into a liquid hydrocarbon product, said feedstocks including the carbonaceous material being in a feed mixture including one or more fluids, said fluids including water and further liquid organic compounds at least partly produced by the process in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, where the process comprises converting at least part of the carbonaceous material by pressurising the feed mixture to a pressure in the range 50-400 bar, heating the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 250-500° C., and maintaining said pressurized and heated feed mixture in the desired pressure and temperature ranges in a reaction zone for a predefined time; cooling the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 25-200° C. and expanding the feed mixture to a pressure in the range of 1-70 bar, thereby causing the carbonaceous material to be converted to a liquid hydrocarbon product; separating a fraction comprising liquid hydrocarbon product, and leaving a residual fraction; feeding said residual fraction into a bioreactor for the production of biomass such as algae and/or bacteria such as cyano bacteria.

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

A process to efficiently convert organic feedstock material into liquid non-oxygenated hydrocarbons in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range is disclosed. The process can utilize gaseous, liquid or solid organic feedstocks containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen. The feedstock may require preparation of the organic feedstock for the process and is converted first into a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then cleaned and conditioned and extraneous components removed, leaving substantially only the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is then converted via a series of chemical reactions into the desired liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine and may be regarded a replacement for petrol made from fossil fuels in the Cto Ccarbon backbone range. The process also recycles gaseous by-products back through the various reactors of the process to maximize the liquid hydrocarbon in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range yield. 1. A process for producing a Cto Chydrocarbon fuel from organic material , comprising:a) applying a heat source to heat an organic feedstock and oxygen at substoichiometric conditions to a temperature sufficient for partial combustion of said organic feedstock to occur and then ceasing application of said heat source once partial combustion has commenced;b) partially combusting said organic feedstock so as to produce a synthesis gas stream, said synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;{'sub': '10', 'c) substantially removing unwanted solid and liquid matter comprising oxides, ash and hydrocarbons having a carbon skeleton of greater than Cfrom said synthesis gas stream to produce a first cleaned synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;'}d) compressing said first cleaned synthesis gas stream and substantially removing water;e) conditioning and further cleaning the first cleaned ...

CATALYTIC FAST PYROLYSIS PROCESS WITH IMPURITY REMOVAL

The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for increased yield of useful and desirable products. In particular, the process comprises an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for producing aromatic compounds, such as, for example, benzene, toluene and xylenes, from biomass feedstock containing impurities, such as, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal, sulfur and nitrogen components. 1. An improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process comprising steps of:a) treating biomass containing alkali and alkaline earth metal components to reduce alkali and alkaline earth metal content to result in treated biomass,b) feeding the treated biomass of step a), catalyst composition, and transport fluid to a catalytic fast pyrolysis process fluidized bed reactor maintained at reaction conditions to manufacture a raw fluid product stream,c) feeding the raw fluid product stream of step b) to a solids separation and stripping system to produce separated solids and a fluid product stream,d) feeding the fluid product stream of step c) to a vapor/liquid separation system to produce a liquid phase stream comprising components selected from the group consisting of water, char, coke, ash, catalyst fines, water soluble organics and heavy organics, and combinations thereof, and a vapor phase stream comprising benzene, toluene xylenes, olefins having carbon numbers of 2 to 4, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, ande) feeding the vapor phase stream of step d) to a product recovery system to recover benzene, toluene, xylenes and, optionally, olefins.2. The process of wherein step a) comprises steps 1) sizing the biomass to ≦20 cm size particles claim 1 , 2) washing the sized biomass of step 1) in at least one washing cycle with a washing fluid sufficiently to reduce the content of alkali and alkaline earth metals claim 1 , 3) optionally rinsing the washed biomass of step 2) with rinsing fluid claim 1 , 4) drying the biomass to reduce water content ...

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin-rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre-solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

Production Processes, Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses

The present disclosure provides production processes that can include exposing a carbon-based material to liquid media to form hydrocarbon fuel. Waste to fuel conversion processes as well as waste material processing reactors are provided that can be configured to convert waste to fuel. Heat exchangers, power generation processes and combustion turbine exhaust apparatus are also provided. Fuel generation processes and generation systems are provided. Reaction media conduit systems as well as processes for servicing reactant media pumps coupled to both inlet and outlet conduits containing reactant media, are also provided. 110-. (canceled)11. A fuel generation system comprising:a reactor configured to house a liquid reaction media and receive solid carbon based material;a distillation apparatus coupled to the reactor and configured to receive gaseous hydrocarbon fuel from the reactor; anda combustion turbine coupled to the distillation apparatus and configured to receive distillate portions from the distillation apparatus.12. The system of further comprising a conveyor apparatus associated with reactor claim 11 , the conveyor apparatus configured to convey material to a receiving portion of the apparatus.13. The system of further comprising a heat exchanger coupled to the reactor claim 11 , the heat exchanger configured to heat the liquid reaction media by providing heat from a heat exchanger fluid.14. The system of wherein the heat exchanger is coupled to the combustion turbine.15. The system of wherein at least a portion of the heat exchanger fluid of the heat exchanger circulates within an exhaust apparatus of the combustion turbine.16. The system of wherein the reactor comprises a media circulating conduit configured to circulate the liquid reaction media.17. The system of wherein conduit comprises a fluid pump claim 16 , the conduit further configured to have the fluid pump removed from the conduit while maintaining substantially all the fluid within the conduit ...

Fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus

The present application generally relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus having one or more ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil for co-processing the renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction.

Pulping Liquors and Uses Thereof

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and pulping liquor;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture;wherein the reaction mixture and product mixture move in continuous flow through reactor vessel during said treating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of:(i) lignite feedstock;(ii) lignocellulosic feedstock; or(iii) a mixture of lignocellulosic and lignite feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of lignocellulosic feedstock.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulping liquor is black pulping liquor (black liquor).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the black liquor comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '3, '(i) between about 4 wt % and 10 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH), between about 10 wt % and 30 wt % sodium sulfide (NaS), between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt % sodium carbonate (NaCO), between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt % sodium sulfite (NaSO), between about 8 wt % and about 20 wt % sodium sulfate (NaSO), between about 10 wt % and about 25 wt % sodium thiosulfate (NaSO), and between about 10 wt % and about 90 wt % organic solids or between about 30% and about 70% organic solids; or'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', ...

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION USING NANOZEOLITE CATALYST

A method of converting biovapors to biofuel includes directing biovapors derived from decomposition of biomass, said biovapors comprising at least C5 and C6 compounds, into a catalytic reaction chamber; and contacting the biovapors with a catalyst composition comprising a nanozeolite. 1. A method of converting biovapors to biofuel , comprising:directing biovapors derived from decomposition of biomass, said biovapors comprising at least C5 and C6 compounds, into a catalytic reaction chamber separate from the decomposed biomass; andcontacting the biovapors with a catalyst composition comprising a nanozeolite.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the C5 and C6 compounds are cyclic.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 60% of the crystallites of the nanozeolite catalyst have a largest dimension that is less or equal to 2 μm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 80% of the crystallites of the nanozeolite catalyst have a largest dimension that is less or equal to 2 μm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the crystallites of the nanozeolite catalyst have a largest dimension that is less or equal to 2 μm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 25% of the crystallites of the nanozeolite catalyst have a largest dimension that is less or equal to 1 μm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 40% of the crystallites of the nanozeolite catalyst have a largest dimension that is less or equal to 1 μm.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the crystallites of the nanozeolite catalyst have a largest dimension that is less or equal to 1 μm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein nanozeolite crystallite has a silica to alumina ratio in the range of 50-250.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanozeolite catalyst comprises ZSM-5.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanozeolite is selected from a group consisting of ZSM-5 claim 1 , beta-zeolite claim 1 , modernite-zeolite claim 1 , zeolite-Y and mixtures thereof.12. The method of claim 1 , ...

CONVERSION OF BIOMASS OR RESIDUAL WASTE MATERIAL TO BIOFUELS

The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from solid biomass and/or residual waste feedstocks, said process comprising the steps of: a) hydropyrolysing the solid feedstock in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel in the presence of molecular hydrogen and one or more deoxygenation catalyst, producing a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, HO, H, CO, CO, C-Cgases, char and catalyst fines; b) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream; c) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst and of the HO, CO, CO, H, and C-Cgas generated in step a), producing a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, HO, CO, CO, and C-Cgases; d) condensing the vapour phase product of step d) to provide a liquid phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated C4+ hydrocarbon liquid and aqueous material and separating said liquid phase product from a gas phase product comprising H, CO, CO, and C-Cgases; e) removing the aqueous material from the substantially fully deoxygenated C4+ hydrocarbon liquid; and f) hydroprocessing at least a portion of the substantially fully deoxygenated C4+ hydrocarbon liquid in a hydroprocessing reactor vessel in the presence of hydrogen and one or more hydroprocessing catalysts, each hydroprocessing catalyst comprising at least one reduced metal on a solid support, in order to provide an upgraded liquid hydrocarbon stream. 1. A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from solid biomass and/or residual waste feedstocks , said process comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'a) hydropyrolysing the solid feedstock in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel in the presence of molecular hydrogen and one or more deoxygenation catalyst, producing a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated ...

Processing biomass

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce a product or intermediate, e.g., energy, a food, a fuel, or a material.

Decarboxylative Co-Dimerization Process and Synthetic Fuels Produced Therefrom

In an aspect, the application discloses a method for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels where the method includes electrolysis of a mixture to produce an electrolysis product comprising a renewable diesel and optionally a renewable gasoline, where the mixture includes (i) free fatty acids from a biorenewable feedstock, and (ii) terminal monomethyl-branched carboxylic acids, and where the renewable diesel includes terminal monomethyl-branched paraffins and terminal monomethyl-branched alkenes. 1. A method for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels , the method comprisingelectrolysis of a mixture comprising (i) free fatty acids from a biorenewable feedstock, and (ii) terminal monomethyl-branched carboxylic acids, to produce an electrolysis product comprising a renewable diesel and optionally a renewable gasoline;wherein the renewable diesel comprises terminal monomethyl-branched paraffins and terminal monomethyl-branched alkenes.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising hydrogenation of the renewable diesel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the terminal monomethyl-branched carboxylic acids comprise isobutyric acid.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the isobutyric acid is produced from isobutanol claim 3 , wherein the isobutanol is from a biorenewable feedstock.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the isobutyric acid is produced from isobutanol by{'sub': '2', 'dehydrogenating the isobutanol to produce isobutyraldehyde and H, and'}oxidizing the isobutyraldehyde to produce the isobutyric acid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Hproduced from dehydrogenating the isobutanol is separated from the isobutyraldehyde.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Hfrom dehydrogenating the isobutanol is used in a hydrogenation reaction.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable gasoline comprises 2 claim 1 ,3-dimethylbutane.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the free fatty acids comprise fatty acids produced from hydrolysis of fatty acid esters of fat claim 1 , oil claim ...

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION

This disclosure relates to the field of renewable oil compositions and to the use of renewable oil compositions for production of hydrocarbon compositions, which can be used for traffic fuels and other solutions. An exemplary composition contains free fatty acids and triglycerides, in a concentration of free fatty acids from 15 wt-% to 80 wt-% and a remainder being predominantly triglycerides. A method for producing hydrocarbons from a renewable oil feedstock, in which the feedstock which contains free fatty acids from 15 wt-% to 80 wt-%, and a remainder being predominantly triglycerides, is subjected to a pretreatment process followed by a hydrotreatment process for obtaining hydrocarbons. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feedstock comprises:free fatty acids from 20 wt-% to 50 wt-%, of the total feedstock weight, and a remainder being predominantly triglycerides.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feedstock comprises:free fatty acids from 50 wt-% to 80 wt-%, of the total feedstock weight, and a remainder being predominantly triglycerides.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said pretreatment process comprises:a filtration step.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said pretreatment process is a purification process for removing impurities that include phospholipids claim 1 , metals and solids.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrotreatment process is a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation process using a metal catalyst wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , W and any combination thereof.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feedstock is a mixture comprising:vegetable oil, animal fat or a mixture thereof; anda free fatty acid stream selected from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), sludge palm oil (SPO), crude tall oil (CTO), crude fatty oil (CFO), tall oil fatty acid (TOFA), ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In addition, an unblended cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline with a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699 is disclosed. 1218-. (canceled)219. A method of making a cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline , the method comprising:providing an alcohol comprising a cellulosic-biomass derived alcohol, andcatalytically processing the alcohol to an unblended gasoline, wherein the unblended gasoline has a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699.220. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline also has a motor octane number of greater than about 85 claim 219 , as determined by ASTM D2700.221. The method of claim 219 , wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol.222. The method of claim 219 , wherein catalytically processing the alcohol comprises passing hydrous ethanol through a packed column claim 219 , the column including a zeolite.223. The method of claim 222 , wherein the hydrous ethanol contains greater than about 40 percent water by weight.224. The method of claim 222 , wherein the catalytically processing the alcohol further comprises a nitrogen carrier gas to aid in the passing of the hydrous ethanol through the packed column.225. The method of claim 222 , wherein the zeolite comprises HZSM-5.226. The method of claim 225 , wherein the HZSM-5 includes a metal produced by solvent impregnation.227. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline has a benzene content of less than 1 percent by weight.228. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than 25 percent by weight.229. ...

RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WOOD WASTES

A method and an apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value is disclosed. The apparatus includes a continuous converter () for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants. The continuous converter includes a reaction chamber () for producing a solid carbon-containing product, a gas product, and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber, via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms. 1. An apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value , the apparatus including a continuous converter for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants , with the continuous converter including a reaction chamber for producing a solid carbon-containing product , a gas product , and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber , via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms , an inlet for supplying the feed material to the reaction chamber , an assembly for moving the feed material through the reaction chamber from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the chamber counter-current to the flow of gas generated in the chamber as a consequence of drying or other reactions in the chamber , and separate outlets for the solid carbon-containing product , the gas product , and optionally the liquid water product from the reaction chamber , with the apparatus being adapted to decompose organic material contaminants in the wood wastes and to incorporate the decomposed forms into useful products , and with the apparatus being adapted to deport heavy metal contaminants to the solid carbon-containing product.2. The apparatus defined in wherein the continuous converter includes an assembly for establishing a temperature profile in the reaction chamber that includes the following zones extending successively along the length of the reaction ...

HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION

A method comprises conducting hydrodeoxygenation and optionally isomerization of raw material, wherein the method further comprises one or more solvent extraction steps and optionally hydrogenation to remove aromatic and/or naphthenic hydrocarbons from the material. The original aromatic and/or naphthenic content of the raw material is less than 21 vol-%. In the method, the aromatic and/or naphthenic content is reduced by more than 45%, preferably by more than 60%. A composition contains hydrocarbons produced by said method, wherein the total aromatic and/or naphthenic hydrocarbon content of the composition is less than a predefined low value, and C15-C20 i-paraffins are the main fraction of the hydrocarbon content of the composition, weight basis. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for producing hydrocarbons with a very low aromatics and/or naphthenics content , the method comprising:conducting hydrodeoxygenation of raw material; andone or more solvent extraction steps to remove aromatic and/or naphthenic hydrocarbons from the raw material, wherein aromatics and/or naphthenics content in the raw material is less than 2 vol-%; wherein the aromatics and/or naphthenics content of the raw material is reduced by more than 45%.20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the method comprises:conducting separation of a resulting material, wherein the separation includes fractionation.21. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the method is carried out in one or multiple reactors.22. A method according to claim 19 , wherein a solvent used in the solvent extraction includes at least one of:N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), furfural, dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), polar solvent, aromatic solvent, dipolar aprotic solvent, ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, sulpholane, glycol, and phenol.23. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the raw material comprises at least one of:paraffinic hydrocarbon, isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, diesel, ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS

The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps, where feedstock of biological origin is degummed, the degummed feedstock is subjected to bleaching and/or hydrolysis, followed by hydroprocessing and catalytic cracking. 1. A process for producing hydrocarbons , where said process comprises the steps ,feedstock of biological origin is degummed to produce degummed feedstock;the degummed feedstock is subjected to bleaching and/or hydrolysis to produce pretreated feedstock;the pretreated feedstock is hydroprocessed catalytically to produce hydroprocessed feedstock;the hydroprocessed feedstock is fractionated to produce at least one fraction comprising hydrocarbons having carbon number of at least C20; andthe fraction comprising hydrocarbons having carbon number of at least C20 andat least one non-renewable feedstock is subjected to catalytic cracking to produce a product comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 40-210° C.,wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises at least one oil derived from biological sources, comprising at least 85 wt % of C18-C26 fatty acids, wherein the C18-C26 fatty acids comprise at least 30 wt % of C20-C26 fatty acids.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fraction comprising hydrocarbons having carbon number of at least C20 is combined with the non-renewable feedstock.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises at least one oil derived from biological sources claim 1 , comprising at least 85-99 w % of C18-C26 fatty acids.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the C18-C26 fatty acids comprise 30-60 wt % of C20-C26 fatty acids.5Brassica. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises at least one plant oil originating from species.6Brassica. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin is selected from mixtures of plant oil(s) claim 1 , ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN THROUGH VISCOSITY REDUCTION DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by lignin release therefrom, which can produce a highly viscous phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin polymer. Systems for processing a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin polymer may comprise: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a viscosity measurement device within the hydrothermal digestion unit or in flow communication with the hydrothermal digestion unit; a temperature control device within the hydrothermal digestion unit or in flow communication with the hydrothermal digestion unit; and a processing device communicatively coupled to the viscosity measurement device and the temperature control device, the processing device being configured to actuate the temperature control device if the viscosity of a fluid phase comprising lignin exceeds a threshold value in the biomass conversion system. 1. A method comprising: a hydrothermal digestion unit;', 'a viscosity measurement device within the hydrothermal digestion unit or in flow communication with the hydrothermal digestion unit;', 'a temperature control device within the hydrothermal digestion unit or in flow communication with the hydrothermal digestion unit, the temperature control device configured to control a temperature in the hydrothermal digestion unit; and', 'a processing device communicatively coupled to the viscosity measurement device and the temperature control device;, 'providing a biomass conversion system comprisingproviding the hydrothermal digestion unit with cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a digestion solvent, molecular hydrogen, and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen;heating the cellulosic biomass solids to a temperature of at least 150 degrees C. to form a reaction product comprising a fluid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase;measuring a viscosity of the fluid phase ...

BIOMASS CONVERSION PROCESS TO HYDROCARBONS

A process for the production of a higher hydrocarbon useful to produce diesel components from solid biomass is provided. The process provides for improved production of diesel components by contacting the stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate containing diols produced from digestion and hydrodoxygenation of the solid biomass to an amorphous silica alumina catalyst to reduce the diols content, and removing water prior to contacting with the condensation catalyst to produce the higher hydrocarbon. 1. A process for the production of a higher hydrocarbon from solid biomass , said process comprising:a. providing a biomass solid containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin;b. digesting and hydrodeoxygenating the biomass solid in a liquid digestive solvent, said digestive solvent containing a solvent mixture having a boiling point of at least 40° C. in the presence of a hydrothermal hydrocatalytic catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature in the range of from 110° C. to less than 300° C. at a pressure in a range of from 20 bar to 200 bar to form a stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate product having a viscosity of less than 100 centipoise (at 50° C.), a diol content of at least 2 wt %, less than 2wt % of sugar, and less than 2wt % acid (based on acetic acid equivalent), based on the intermediate product, and at least 60% of carbon exists in molecules having 9 carbon atoms or less;c. reacting at least a portion of the stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate product with an acidic amorphous silica alumina catalyst at a temperature in the range from 300° C. to 400° C. thereby producing monooxygenated stream containing water and monooxygenates having a boiling point of at least 40° C.;d. condensing the monooxygenated stream to liquid phase producing an aqueous phase and an organic phase;e. removing at least a portion of aqueous phase from the organic phase to provide a condensed organic stream containing the monooxygenates;f. contacting the ...

UPGRADING OF LOW VALUE LIPID FEEDSTOCKS FOR REFINERY PROCESSING

A process is provided for upgrading low value lipid feedstocks for refinery processing. The process includes (a) treating a lipid feedstock comprising at least one fatty acid with a metal oxide catalyst on an oxide support under treating conditions to produce a treated stream, wherein the treating conditions include a temperature in a range of from 400° C. to 700° C.; a pressure in a range of from 0 to 10 MPa; and a liquid hourly space velocity in a range of from 0.1 to 10 h; and (b) fractionating the treated stream to obtain a gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction comprising a bio-oil; wherein the bio-oil has a lower content of oxygen and impurities as compared to the lipid feedstock. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lipid feedstock comprising at least one fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of acidulated soap-stocks claim 1 , fatty acid distillates from physical refining of plant oils or animal fats claim 1 , distillers corn oil (DCO) from ethanol production claim 1 , waste cooking oils claim 1 , lard claim 1 , brown grease claim 1 , yellow grease claim 1 , trap grease claim 1 , waste fats claim 1 , low-grade oils claim 1 , supercritical water liquefaction oils (SCWL oils) claim 1 , plant oils claim 1 , animal fats claim 1 , and any combination thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide catalyst comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Al claim 1 , rare earth metals claim 1 , and any combination thereof.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Na claim 3 , K claim 3 , Ca claim 3 , Mg claim 3 , and any combination thereof.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide catalyst comprises CaO.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxide support is selected from the group ...

Acid-resistant catalyst supports and catalysts

A process for preparing a catalyst comprises coating substantial internal surfaces of porous inorganic powders with titanium oxide to form titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders. After the coating, an extrudate comprising the titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders is formed and calcined to form a catalyst support. Then, the catalyst support is impregnated with a solution containing one or more salts of metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel.

Catalytic hot-gas filtration of biomass pyrolysis vapors

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a filter element and a catalyst, where the filter element is configured to remove particulate from a stream that includes at least one of a gas and/or a vapor to form a filtered stream of the gas and/or the vapor, the catalyst is configured to receive the filtered stream and react a compound in the filtered stream to form an upgraded stream of the gas and/or the vapor, further including an upgraded compound, and both the filter element and the catalyst are configured to be substantially stable at temperatures up to about 500° C.

Bio-based synthetic fluids

A method is provided involving altering the viscosity of bio-derived paraffins to produce a paraffinic fluid, where the altering step includes chlorinating the bio-derived paraffins; the bio-derived paraffins include a hydrodeoxygenated product produced by hydrodeoxygenating a bio-based feed where the bio-based feed includes bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof; the bio-derived paraffins include n-paraffins; and the n-paraffins have a biodegradability of at least 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms. Also provided are methods of protecting and/or cleaning a substance by applying the paraffinic fluid.

Random ring packing for biomass digester

A method comprises introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a digester comprising a reactor, gas feed line, biomass feed system, fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, a pump, and an injector, a screen positioned within the reactor and defining a lower zone therebelow, and a bed of reactor packing material resting on the screen and defining thereby a packed zone; providing a liquid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the digester, the catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; circulating the liquid phase digestion medium through the fluid circulation system; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen through the cellulosic biomass solids; and maintaining the cellulosic biomass solids and slurry catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause digestion of cellulosic biomass solids into an alcoholic component.

CATALYTIC DEOXYGENATION OF BIO-OILS USING METHANE

This disclosure provides a new approach for bio-oil upgrading using methane as reductant instead of hydrogen. Guaiacol, produced by thermal degradation of lignin, represents a model compound for upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oils by deoxygenation. To overcome the high cost of H, methane is used to deoxygenate guaiacol. On Pt/C catalyst, in terms of guaiacol conversion and product distribution, methane is found to exhibit comparable deoxygenation performance as H. Its lifetime, however, is lower (<3 hrs). In one embodiment, the lifetime of Pt—Bi/C catalyst is extended by addition of bismuth as a promoter. 1. A method for deoxygenating a bio-oil , comprising using methane and a catalyst to deoxygenate the bio-oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises platinum (Pt).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst support comprises carbon (C).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a bimetallic catalyst.5. The method of claim 4 , the bimetallic catalyst is Pt—Bi/C. The present U.S. patent application is related to and claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/199,268, filed Jul. 31, 2015, the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this disclosure.The present disclosure generally relates to conversion of biomass to sustainable fuels and chemicals, and in particular to a method for catalytic deoxygenation of bio-oils using methane as a reductant.This section introduces aspects that may help facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, these statements are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is or is not prior art.Owing to scarcity of known reserves as well as environmental concerns, increased attention is being paid to developing new fossil or renewable resources, such as shale oil/gas, tar sands and biomass. In particular, biomass has been shown to be an important renewable source, which can be converted ...

Methods and systems for processing lignin during hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase, at least partially depolymerizing the lignin in the phenolics liquid phase, wherein at least partially depolymerizing the lignin generates hydrocarbons.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS WITH REDUCED CO2-FOOTPRINT AND IMPROVED HYDROGEN INTEGRATION

Process and plant for producing hydrocarbon products from a feedstock originating from a renewable source, where a hydrogen-rich stream and on off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons is formed. A portion of the hydrogen-rich stream is used as a recycle gas stream in a hydroprocessing stage for the production of said hydrocarbon products, and another portion may be used for hydrogen production, while the off-gas stream is treated to remove its HS content and used as a recycle gas stream in the hydrogen producing unit, from which the hydrogen produced i.e. make-up hydrogen, is used in the hydroprocessing stage. The invention enables minimizing natural gas consumption in the hydrogen producing unit as well as steam reformer size. 1. A process for producing a hydrocarbon product , said process comprising the steps of:i) passing a feedstock originating from a renewable source through a hydroprocessing stage for producing a main hydrotrotreated stream;{'claim-text': ['an aqueous stream,', 'a hydrogen-rich stream as a first recycle gas stream,', 'an off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons,', 'and said hydrocarbon product, boiling at above 50° C.;'], '#text': 'ii) passing the main hydrotreated stream to a separation stage for producing:'}iii) passing the first recycle gas stream to the hydroprocessing stage;iv) passing the off-gas stream as a second recycle gas stream to a hydrogen producing unit for producing a hydrogen stream as a make-up hydrogen stream; andv) passing the make-up hydrogen stream to the hydroprocessing stage;{'sub': '2', '#text': 'wherein prior to conducting step iv), said off-gas stream passes to a separation stage for removing HS and thereby producing said second recycle gas stream.'}2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises: vi) splitting said hydrogen-rich stream into said first recycle gas stream and a third recycle gas stream claim 1 , and passing said third recycle gas stream to said hydrogen producing unit.3. Process ...

Processes for producing a fuel from a renewable feedstock

Processes for the production of transportation fuel from a renewable feedstock. A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used to deoxygenate and hydrogenate the glycerides to produce long chain hydrocarbons. Water is also introduced into the reaction zone to increase the amount of hydrogen and to increase the utilization of carbon monoxide within the reaction zone. Synthesis gas may also be used to supply at least a portion of the gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The amount of hydrogen equivalents in the reaction zone is at least 100% of a stoichiometric hydrogen demand within the reaction zone.

METHOD TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY COMPONENTS FROM RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL

The present disclosure relates to a method of producing high quality components from renewable raw material. Specifically, the disclosure relates to production of renewable materials which can be employed as high-quality chemicals and/or as high quality drop-in gasoline components. Further, the disclosure relates to drop-in gasoline components and to polymers obtainable by the method. 1. A method for producing renewable component(s) , the method comprising:a provision step of providing an isomeric raw material originating from a renewable source, wherein the isomeric raw material contains at least 60 wt.-% iso-paraffins;a cracking step of thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce a biohydrocarbon mixture containing C4 olefins; anda reaction step of reacting at least a part of the C4 olefins to produce the renewable component(s).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said renewable component(s) are drop-in gasoline component(s) having a high octane number.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said renewable component(s) are bio-monomer(s) or bio-polymer(s) claim 1 , with at least one selected from the group consisting of butyl rubber claim 1 , methyl methacrylate claim 1 , polymethyl methacrylate claim 1 , polyisobutylene claim 1 , substituted phenol claim 1 , and polybutene.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture containing C4 olefins contains at least isobutene and the reaction step of reacting at least a part of the C4 olefins is a step of reacting at least a part of the isobutene to produce the renewable component(s).5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material is selected to contain at least one or more of at least 70 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 75 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 80 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 83 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 85 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 90 wt.-% claim 1 , and/or at least 95 wt.-% iso-paraffins.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the iso-paraffins contain multi-branched ...

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTANOL OR ACETONE

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention. 1treating a substrate comprising draff, or a derivative thereof, and pot ale to hydrolyse the substrate to provide a treated substrate, said draff comprising spent grain consisting essentially of malted barley; andfermenting the treated substrate in the presence of a culture of butanol- and/or acetone-forming micro-organisms at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0 and at a concentration of free copper ions of less than 20 μM to provide a fermented product containing butanol and/or acetone.. A process for the manufacture of butanol and/or acetone, comprising at least the steps of: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of biofuels and renewable chemicals. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of butanol. The invention further relates to a process for the manufacture of acetone.In recent years, higher oil prices, depleting fuel supplies and environmental concerns have led to a renewed interest in the production of fuels from biomass (“biofuels”). Biobutanol is produced by fermentation of biomass using bacteria, typically of the genus . In addition to butanol, these organisms also produce acetone, which is an important solvent, and ethanol so the process is often referred to as “ABE process” (Acetone/Butanol/Ethanol process). Currently used ...

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTANOL OR ACETONE

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and other renewable chemicals utilizes one or more of by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as pot ale and spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process includes treating a substrate to hydrolyze it and fermenting the treated. Also provided is a biofuel including butanol manufactured according to the process. 1. A process for the manufacture of butanol and/or acetone , the process comprising:treating a substrate comprising a carbohydrate source and pot ale to solubilise at least a portion of the carbohydrate source to provide a treated substrate; andfermenting the treated substrate in the presence of a culture of butanol- and/or acetone-forming micro-organisms at a concentration of free copper ions of less than 20 to provide a fermented product containing butanol and/or acetone.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of treating the substrate comprises:hydrolysing the carbohydrate source in the presence of water and hydrogen ions or water and hydroxide ions.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of treating the substrate comprises:hydrolysing the carbohydrate source in the presence of an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of treating of the substrate comprises:treating the carbohydrate source with one or more enzymes.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of treating the substrate comprises:diluting the substrate to provide a concentration of free copper ions of less than 20μ.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of fermenting the treated substrate is carried out at a pH of 5.1 or above.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the concentration of free copper ions in the fermentation step is less than 15μ.8Clostridium ...

BIOMASS PROCESSING DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

Biomass processing devices, systems and methods used to convert biomass to, for example, liquid hydrocarbons, renewable chemicals, and/or composites are described. The biomass processing system can include a pyrolysis device, a hydroprocessor and a gasifier. Biomass, such as wood chips, is fed into the pyrolysis device to produce char and pyrolysis vapors. Pyrolysis vapors are processed in the hydroprocessor, such as a deoxygenation device, to produce hydrocarbons, light gas, and water. Water and char produced by the system can be used in the gasifier to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which may be recycled back to the pyrolysis device and/or hydroprocessor. 1. A pyrolysis device comprising:a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and an upstream end adjacent the inlet of the housing;', 'a downstream end adjacent the outlet of the housing;', 'a core extending between the upstream end and the downstream end; and', 'a helical blade wound around the core between the upstream end and the downstream end;, 'an auger positioned within the housing, the auger having the inlet of the housing is configured to receive biomass; and', 'the pyrolysis device is configured to convert the biomass to a pyrolysis vapor and to', 'produce a pressure seal formed by material in transition between biomass and pyrolysis vapor, the pressure being seal positioned between the inlet of the housing and the outlet of the housing., 'wherein2. The pyrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein the core of the auger is tapered from a first diameter at the upstream end to a second diameter at the downstream end claim 1 , the first diameter being smaller than the second diameter.3. The pyrolysis device of claim 2 , wherein:the helical blade has a blade height measured from an outer surface of the core in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the core to a terminal end of the helical blade; andthe height of the helical blade varies from the upstream end to the downstream end of the auger.4. The ...

Methods of deoxygenating bio-based material and production of bio-based terephtalic acid and olefinic monomers

The present invention relates to a method of deoxygenating tall oil pitch, yielding aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The invention even comprises turning the aliphates into polymerizable olefins by steam cracking, and turning the aromates into polymerizable terephthalic acid by oxygenation and, as necessary, rearrangement. The monomers can be used for the production of polymers of partially or completely biologic origin. According to the invention, tall oil pitch is first heated to turn it into liquid, which is then fed into a catalyst bed and catalytically deoxygenated with hydrogen. The deoxygenation catalyst is preferably a Ni—Mo catalyst and, in addition, a cracking catalyst can be used, such as an acidic zeolite catalyst. The deoxygenated product stream is cooled down so as to obtain a liquid, which is distilled for separation of the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons for use in the production of the respective monomers and finally polymers.

Methods of Refining Natural Oil Feedstocks

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product. 119-. (canceled)20. A method of producing a fuel composition comprising:providing a feedstock comprising natural oil glycerides, and (b) low-molecular-weight olefins;reacting the natural oil glycerides with the low-molecular-weight olefins in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters;separating at least a portion of the olefins in the metathesized product from the esters in the metathesized product; andhydrogenating the separated olefins to form a fuel composition.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the fuel composition is: (a) a kerosene-type jet fuel having a carbon number distribution between 8 and 16 claim 20 , a flash point between 38° C. and 66° C. claim 20 , an auto ignition temperature of 210° C. claim 20 , and a freeze point between −47° C. and −40° C.; (b) a naphtha-type jet fuel having a carbon number distribution between 5 and 15 claim 20 , a flash point between −23° C. and 0° C. claim 20 , an auto ignition temperature of 250° C.; and a freeze point of −65° C.; or (c) a diesel fuel having a carbon number distribution between 8 and 25 claim 20 , a specific gravity of between 0.82 and 1.08 at 15.6° C. claim 20 , a cetane number of greater than 40; and a distillation range between 180° C. and 340° C.22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising flash-separating a light end ...

RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION

The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of Clinear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of Ccycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of Caromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of Calkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of Calkanes, Ccycloalkanes and Caromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step. 1. A method for producing a hydrocarbon composition , comprising the steps of(i) hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using one or more catalysts; and(ii) fractionating the product of step (i);{'sub': 4-12', '4-12', '5-12', '6-12, 'wherein the composition comprises 8-30 mass % of Clinear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of Cbranched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of Ccycloalkanes, 1-25 mass % of Caromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds;'}{'sub': 4-12', '4-12', '5-12', '6-12, 'wherein the total amount of Calkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of Calkanes, Ccycloalkanes and Caromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and'}wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Clinear alkanes in the composition is 10-20 mass %.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Cbranched alkanes in the composition is 20-40 mass %.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Ccycloalkanes in the composition is 30-50 mass %.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Caromatic hydrocarbons in the composition is 2-15 mass %.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the linear alkanes are Clinear ...

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

Systems and methods for cooling and processing materials are disclosed. 1. A method comprising:grinding or comminuting a biomass material;cooling the ground or comminuted biomass material to 280° K (6.85° C.) or less to reduce the recalcitrance of the material;after cooling, grinding or comminuting the cooled biomass material; andafter the second grinding or comminuting step, processing the material to produce a product that is chemically different from the biomass material.2. The method of wherein processing comprises contacting the material with an enzyme and/or a microorganism.3. The method of wherein the biomass material comprises a lignocellulosic material.4. The method of wherein the material comprises cellulose and contacting the material comprises utilizing an enzyme to saccharify the cellulose.5. The method of further comprising irradiating the biomass material.6. The method of wherein the biomass material has been irradiated prior to cooling.7. The method of wherein cooling is performed in a freeze grinding or freeze milling device.8. The method of wherein contacting the material comprises utilizing a microorganism to produce an alcohol.9. The method of wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol or n-butanol.10. The method of wherein cooling comprises cooling the material to a temperature below the brittle point of the material.11. The method of wherein cooling is performed prior to irradiating.12. The method of further comprising cooling again after irradiating.13. The method of wherein cooling comprises temperature cycling the starting material.14. The method of wherein the biomass material has a bulk density of less than 0.3 g/cm.15. The method of wherein irradiating is performed using an electron beam.16. The method of wherein the biomass material receives a dose of radiation of from about 10 MRad to 100 Mrad.17. The method of wherein the biomass material receives a dose of radiation of from about 30 MRad to 90 MRad.18. The method of wherein the biomass ...

Systems and methods for converting biomass to biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction

Systems and processes of providing novel thermal energy sources for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) reactors are described herein. According to various implementations, the systems and processes use concentrated solar thermal energy from a focused high-energy beam to provide sufficient energy for driving the HTL biomass-to-biocrude process. In addition, other implementations convert biowaste, such as municipal biosolids and grease and food waste, to biocrude using anaerobic digesters, and a portion of the biogas generated by the digesters is used to produce the thermal and/or electrical energy used in the HTL reactor for the biomass-to-biocrude process. Furthermore, alternative implementations may include a hybrid system that uses biogas and solar radiation to provide sufficient thermal energy for the HTL reactor.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ELIMINATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS USING BIOMASS

Methods for eliminating environmental contaminants using biomass are disclosed. The methods may include combining at least a portion of a biomass and a solvent within a reactor of a hydrothermal liquefaction system, where at least the portion of the biomass having absorbed and includes an environmental contaminant. The method may also include heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent under predetermined operational characteristics, and generating a plurality of byproducts free of the environmental contaminant. 1. A method comprising:combining at least a portion of a biomass and a solvent within a reactor of a hydrothermal liquefaction system, at least the portion of the biomass having absorbed and including an environmental contaminant;heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent under predetermined operational characteristics; andgenerating a plurality of byproducts free of the environmental contaminant.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a catalyst to the solvent or the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent claim 1 , prior to the heating and pressurizing of the combination.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solvent is water claim 2 , and the catalyst is calcium hydroxide.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: waste liquid;', 'a biocrude oil; and', 'a biochar material., 'separating the plurality of byproducts into5. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent under predetermined operational characteristics further includes:heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent to a predetermined temperature;heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent for a predetermined duration of time; andmaintaining a predetermined pressure within the reactor of the hydrothermal liquefaction system during the heating of the ...

PREPARATION OF AN AVIATION FUEL COMPOSITION

A method is disclosed for preparing an aviation fuel composition by subjecting a feedstock of biological and/or recycled origin to cracking in a cracking unit and to fractionation in a fractionation unit to obtain a kerosene fraction. The obtained kerosene fraction is subjected to hydrotreatment in a hydrotreatment unit to form a first jet fuel component. The formed first jet fuel component is mixed with a further jet fuel component to form a fuel composition having a wear scar diameter of 0.78 mm or less, as measured with BOCLE lubricity test method according to ASTM D5001. The feedstock contains one or more of tall oil pitch (TOP), a mixture of sludge palm oil, palm fatty acid distillate and animal fat (FATS), and used lubricant oil (ULO). 125-. (canceled)26. A method for preparing an aviation fuel composition , the method comprising:subjecting a feedstock of biological and/or recycled origin to cracking in a cracking unit and to fractionation in a fractionation unit to obtain a kerosene fraction;subjecting the obtained kerosene fraction to hydrotreatment in a hydrotreatment unit to form a first jet fuel component;forming a fuel composition having a wear scar diameter of 0.78 mm or less, as measured with BOCLE lubricity test method according to ASTM D5001, by mixing the formed first jet fuel component with a further jet fuel component, such that the wear scar diameter measured for the fuel composition is at least 0.04 mm lower than the wear scar diameter obtained based on the first jet fuel component and the further jet fuel component, and such that the fuel composition contains from 5 wt-% to 15 wt-% of the first jet fuel component and from 85 wt-% to 95 wt-% of the further jet fuel component; tall oil pitch (TOP),', 'a mixture of sludge palm oil, palm fatty acid distillate and animal fat (FATS), or', 'used lubricant oil (ULO);, 'wherein the feedstock contains one or more of a kerosene fraction (TOP PE) derived from tall oil pitch (TOP),', 'a kerosene fraction ( ...

High-Yield Production of Fuels and Petro- and Oleo-Chemical Precursors from Vegetable Oils and Other Liquid Feedstocks in a Continuous-Flow Pyrolysis Reactor With or Without Catalysts

Systems, methods, and materials for pyrolyzing vegetable oil feedstocks to obtain high yields of various products are described. 1. A method of conducting a pyrolysis , the method comprising:atomizing an oil feedstock to produce atomized oil droplets;pyrolyzing the atomized oil droplets in a reactor with or without a catalyst to produce pyrolysis products; andoptionally, reacting the pyrolysis products in-situ with one or more added reactants to produce reacted pyrolysis products.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil comprises vegetable oil claim 1 , biooil claim 1 , or biocrude.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the vegetable oil comprises soy bean oil claim 2 , canola oil claim 2 , corn oil claim 2 , palm oil claim 2 , palm kernel oil claim 2 , mustard oil claim 2 , grape seed oil claim 2 , hazelnut oil claim 2 , linseed oil claim 2 , rice bran oil claim 2 , sesame oil claim 2 , safflower oil claim 2 , carapa oil claim 2 , guava oil claim 2 , tall oil claim 2 , camelina oil claim 2 , babassu oil claim 2 , pennycress oil claim 2 , coconut oil claim 2 , or mixtures thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor and/or feedstock is pre-heated before the atomized oil droplets are introduced into the reactor.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the pyrolysis products and/or the reacted pyrolysis products to a separation claim 1 , purification claim 1 , and/or processing step.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising distilling the pyrolysis products and/or the reacted pyrolysis products to produce one or more distillation products.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising subjecting the one or more distillation products to an additional separation claim 6 , purification claim 6 , or processing step claim 6 , wherein the additional separation claim 6 , purification claim 6 , or processing step is selected from the group consisting of a distillation process claim 6 , an adsorption process claim 6 , a filtration claim 6 , a ...

Process for producing biofuel and biofuel components

A process for catalytically converting crude tall oil into hydrocarbons suitable as biofuel components. The crude tall oil is treated in a reactor system including a catalytically active guard bed phase and a catalytically active main reaction phase. At least one of the phases includes a catalyst bed with a combination of hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) and hydrodewaxing (HDW) catalysts. The process provides biofuel with acceptable ignition and cold flow properties.

A HYDRO DEOXYGENATION CATALYST, A FIXED BED TANDEM CATALYTIC REACTOR, A METHOD FOR PREPARING HYDROGEN AND A METHOD FOR PREPARING BIOFUEL FROM BIOMASS

The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of biofuel from biomass by fast hydropyrolysis or fast pyrolysis, using hydrogen generated by sorption enhanced steam reforming. The present invention also relates to fixed bed tandem catalytic-upgrading processes, and reactors and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts useful in those processes. 1. A hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalyst which is M—MoMP supported on a support , wherein Mand Mrepresent different transition metals.2. The HDO catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Mrepresents Rh claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Co or Cu claim 1 , and preferably represents Ru.3. The HDO catalyst according to or claim 1 , wherein Mrepresents Ni claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe or Cu claim 1 , and preferably represents Fe.4. The HDO catalyst according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of Mo:M:P is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 claim 1 , and is preferably about 1:1:1.5. The HDO catalyst according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein Mis present in an amount of about 0.05 to about 5 wt % claim 1 , based on the total weight of M—MoMP claim 1 , preferably about 0.05 to about 0.1 wt %.6. The HDO catalyst according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the support is acidic oxide such as AlO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , ZrOor CeO claim 1 , a carbon material such as activated carbon claim 1 , mesoporous carbon or carbon nanomaterials claim 1 , or SiO claim 1 , and is more preferably AlO.7. The HDO catalyst according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , which is Ru—MoFeP supported on AlO.8. A fixed bed tandem catalytic-upgrading reactor suitable for upgrading bio-vapour or bio-oil from fast hydropyrolysis or fast hydropyrolysis into biofuel claim 1 , wherein:the fixed bed comprises an upstream portion and a downstream portion,the upstream portion comprises an C—C coupling catalyst, andthe downstream portion comprises a hydrodeoxygenation ( ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce a product such as a biofuel. 1. A wet milling system comprising a tank with one or more jet mixer heads and one or more wet milling heads disposed within the tank.2. The system of wherein the one or more wet milling heads comprise a rotor and a stator.3. The system of wherein the rotor and the stator include nesting rings of teeth.4. The system of wherein the stator comprises two or more concentric rings of teeth.5. The system of wherein the clearance between the rotor and the stator is from about 0.01 inch to 0.25 inch (0.25 mm to 6.4 mm).6. The system of wherein the spacing between teeth in each ring of teeth is from about 0.1 inch to 0.3 inch (2.5 mm to 7.6 mm).7. A wet milling system comprising one or more jet mixer heads and one or more wet milling heads in a tank comprising liquid medium having biomass dispersed therein.8. The system of wherein the biomass is selected from the group consisting of wood claim 7 , particle board claim 7 , sawdust claim 7 , agricultural waste claim 7 , sewage claim 7 , silage claim 7 , grasses claim 7 , rice hulls claim 7 , bagasse claim 7 , cotton claim 7 , jute claim 7 , hemp claim 7 , flax claim 7 , bamboo claim 7 , sisal claim 7 , abaca claim 7 , straw claim 7 , wheat straw claim 7 , corn cobs claim 7 , corn stover claim 7 , switchgrass claim 7 , alfalfa claim 7 , hay claim 7 , coconut hair claim 7 , seaweed claim 7 , algae claim 7 , and mixtures thereof.9. The system of wherein the agricultural waste is selected from the group consisting of: rice hulls claim 8 , bagasse claim 8 , straw claim 8 , corn stover and coconut hair.10. The system of wherein the silage is alfalfa.11. The system of wherein the biomass comprises lignocellulosic material.12. The ...

CATALYTIC UPGRADING OF PYROLYTIC VAPORS

A method for forming catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor product from pyrolyzable material, the method comprising burning fuel in a fluidized bed boiler, thereby heating some particulate material; transferring at least some of the heated particulate material or some other heated particulate material to a pyrolysis reactor to pyrolyze some pyrolyzable material in the pyrolysis reactor; and conveying at least some pyrolytic vapor through a catalyst bed comprising catalyst material; and conveying at least part of the formed side products upstream back to the process; thereby producing the catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor product in an resource efficient manner. In addition, a system configured to produce catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor product from pyrolyzable material. The system comprises a fluidized bed boiler; a pyrolysis reactor; a catalytic reactor; means for conveying some heated particulate material to the pyrolysis reactor; a pipeline for conveying at least some pyrolytic vapor from the pyrolysis reactor into the catalytic reactor and means for conveying at least part of the formed side products upstream back to the process for recovering heat and chemical energy bound to the side products. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for producing crude condensate from pyrolyzable material , the method comprising the steps of:burning fuel in a fluidized bed boiler, thereby producing flue gas and heat,heating some first particulate material comprised by a fluidized bed of the fluidized bed boiler with said heat,optionally, heating some second particulate material using the heated first particulate material,transferring at least some of the heated first particulate material or at least some heated second particulate material to a pyrolysis reactor,conveying some pyrolyzable material into the pyrolysis reactor,pyrolyzing the pyrolyzable material in the pyrolysis reactor by contacting the pyrolyzable material with the heated first particulate material or the heated ...

Process and apparatus for producing liquid hydrocarbon

The invention relates to a continuous process for converting carbonaceous material contained in one or more feedstocks into a liquid hydrocarbon product, said feedstocks including the carbonaceous material being in a feed mixture including one or more fluids, said fluids including water and further liquid organic compounds at least partly produced by the process in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, where the process comprises converting at least part of the carbonaceous material by pressurising the feed mixture to a pressure in the range 250-400 bar; heating the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 370-450° C., and maintaining said pressurized and heated feed mixture in the desired pressure and temperature ranges in a reaction zone for a predefined time; cooling the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 25-200° C. and expanding the feed mixture to a pressure in the range of 1-70 bar, thereby causing the carbonaceous material to be converted to a liquid hydrocarbon product and separating from the converted feed mixture a fraction comprising liquid hydrocarbon product.

A RENEWABLE, HIGHLY ISOPARAFFINIC DISTILLATE FOR SOLVENT USE

A renewable solvent composition having a high i-paraffin content of at least 91.0 wt.-% and a boiling in a range of from 150° C. to 260° C. is disclosed. The solvent composition can provide a good balance between solvency power and cold properties and is usable in a broad application field. 1. A solvent composition , comprising:91.0 wt.-% or more i-paraffins, the solvent composition having a boiling point in a range of 150° C. to 260° C., wherein the solvent composition is a derivation of a renewable raw material.2. The solvent composition according to claim 1 , which comprises:more than 50.0 wt.-% dimethylated, trimethylated or higher methylated i-paraffins relative to all i-paraffins in the solvent composition.3. The solvent composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of C5 to C16 paraffins is 90 wt.-% or more relative to the solvent composition as a whole.4. The solvent composition according to claim 1 , which has at least one of a freezing point of −50° C. or below claim 1 , or an aniline point of 85° C. or below.5. The solvent composition according to claim 1 , which has an Kauri-butanol (KB) number of 21.5 or higher.6. The solvent composition according to claim 1 , wherein content of i-paraffins in the solvent composition is at least one of 92.0 wt.-% or higher claim 1 , 93.0 wt.-% or higher claim 1 , 94.0 wt.-% or higher claim 1 , 95.0 wt.-% or higher claim 1 , 96.0 wt.-% or higher claim 1 , 97.0 wt.-% or higher claim 1 , 97.5 wt.-% or higher claim 1 , or 98.0 wt.-% or higher.7. The solvent composition according to claim 1 , comprising:at least one of than 55.0 wt.-%, or more than 60.0 wt.-%, dimethylated, trimethylated or higher methylated i-paraffins relative to all i-paraffins in the solvent composition.8. The solvent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of C5 to C16 paraffins is at least one of 95 wt.-% or more claim 1 , or 99 wt.-% or more claim 1 , relative to the solvent composition as a whole.9. A method of applying a ...