СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ

Изобретение относится к области биохимии, в частности к трансгенному растению, для получения неполярного липида. Также раскрыты часть трансгенного растения для получения неполярного липида, рекомбинантная клетка для получения неполярного липида. Раскрыт способ получения углеводного продукта из указанного трансгенного растения, способ получения клетки, которая продуцирует повышенную концентрацию неполярного липида, способ получения синтетического дизельного топлива из указанного трансгенного растения. Изобретение позволяет получать повышенное накопление неполярных липидов. 7 н. и 74 з.п. ф-лы, 22 ил., 38 табл., 26 пр.

СПОСОБ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ ТВЕРДОГО ТОПЛИВА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО И ПЛАЗМЕННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к области энергетики и может быть применено при сжигании твердого топлива. Устройство для газификации твердого топлива с применением механического и плазменного воздействия содержит блок дробления топлива, вихревой канал, форсунку для подачи топлива и плазмотроны, связанные между собой блоки первой и второй ступеней газификации, выполненные с обеспечением последовательного прохождения потока топлива и плазмы из блока первой ступени в блок второй ступени. Блок дробления топлива выполнен в виде гидроударного блока мокрого помола и содержит замкнутый объем с движущимися и неподвижными ударными поверхностями, каналы для загрузки твердого топлива и подачи воды в замкнутый объем, а также насос для подачи топлива в виде водной эмульсии из блока дробления в блок первой ступени газификации, плазмотроны блоков газификации представляют из себя паровые плазмотроны с конической межэлектродной камерой и выполнены с обеспечением питания синтез-газом СНи паром с возможностью регулировки ...

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА РЕЦИКЛИРОВАНИЯ

... 1. Способ рециклирования, включающий стадии избирательного сжигания углеродного компонента в материале; пиролиза и газификации материала посредством использования теплоты сгорания в указанном процессе сжигания в качестве источника теплоты; и подачи пиролизата, полученного в указанном процессе пиролиза и газификации на, по меньшей мере, один процесс, выбранный из процесса нефтепереработки и нефтехимического процесса. 2. Способ рециклирования, включающий стадии избирательного сжигания углеродного компонента в материале; пиролиза и газификации материала посредством использования теплоты сгорания в указанном процессе сжигания в качестве источника теплоты; охлаждения и очистки пиролизата, полученного в указанном процессе пиролиза и газификации; и подачи охлажденного и очищенного пиролизата на, по меньшей мере, один процесс, выбранный из процесса нефтепереработки и нефтехимического процесса. 3. Способ рециклирования, включающий стадии избирательного сжигания углеродного компонента в материале ...

ЭКСТРУДЕРНЫЙ НАСОС ДЛЯ СУХОЙ УГОЛЬНОЙ ПУЛЬПЫ ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Система для сжатия топливного сырья, используемого в реакторе высокого давления, содержащая: ! контейнер, выполненный с возможностью приема топливного сырья; ! экструдерный насос в жидкостном соединении с контейнером, причем экструдерный насос выполнен с возможностью сжатия топливного сырья; ! приемный резервуар в жидкостном соединении с экструдерным насосом,и выполненный с возможностью приема сжатого текучего материала из экструдерного насоса; и ! при этом экструдерный насос включает в себя систему, содержащую множество движущих элементов, выполненных с возможностью последовательно сжимать топливное сырье. ! 2. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что множество движущих валиков расположены в экструдерном насосе так, что образуют угол с вертикальной плоскостью. ! 3. Система по п.2, отличающаяся тем, что угол множества движущих валиков находится в диапазоне от нуля до пятнадцати градусов. ! 4. Система по любому из пп.1-3, отличающаяся тем, что множество движущих валиков дополнительно содержит ...

СПОСОБ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ ПОРОШКООБРАЗНОГО ТВЕРДОГО УГЛЕРОДИСТОГО ТОПЛИВА И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ, ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГИИ

Изобретение относится к способу и устройству для газификации порошкообразного твердого углеродистого топлива с высоким содержанием влаги, причем способ включает в себя ввод топлива в одну или больше сушильных камер под давлением без добавки воды топливо, уменьшение содержания влаги в топливе в сушильной камере (камерах) до уровня, требуемого для газификации, посредством пропускания полученного горячего газа через каждую сушильную камеру, при этом частицы топлива улавливают потоком газа, в результате газ охлаждается и увлажняется, охлажденный и увлажненный газ отделяют от топлива, топливо с уменьшенным содержанием влаги передают из каждой сушильной камеры в камеру газификации для получения горячего газа, и по крайней мере часть горячего газа вводят в каждую сушильную камеру. Изобретение также касается интегрированного способа получения энергии, особенно электроэнергии из порошкообразного твердого углеродистого материала.

СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

... 1. Гибкая модульная система (1) для получения водорода из органического материала, содержащая:(I) по меньшей мере, одно загрузочное устройство или модуль (2) загрузки;(II) по меньшей мере, один модуль (7) газификации, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один плазменный генератор (8), который питают переменным током;(III) по меньшей мере, один модуль (11) охлаждения газа;(IV) по меньшей мере, один модуль (12) газоочистки, включающий, по меньшей мере, одно газоочистное устройство;(V) по меньшей мере, один модуль (14) конверсии водяного газа и сепарации водорода; в которойкаждый из модулей сконструирован как стандартный контейнер, имеющий стандартный размер стандартного контейнера ИСО, и выполнен с возможностью транспортирования на транспортном средстве и указанные модули соединены друг с другом посредством стыковочной поверхности, которая содержит соединительные средства (19а, 19b, 19с и 19d) и соединения для газа (15) и электроэнергии и связи (16), ипричем плазменный газ направляют из разрядного ...

МОДУЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МОЧЕВИНЫ ИЗ БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ получения мочевины из биомассы, включающий стадии, на которых: ! очищают исходное сырье из биомассы с целью удаления преимущественно всех неорганических веществ, ! смешивают очищенное исходное сырье из биомассы с целью получения преимущественно однородной смеси, ! гранулируют смешанное исходное сырье из биомассы с целью получения гранул преимущественно однородного размера, ! газифицируют гранулы в газогенераторе и ! объединяют поток CO2, выходящий из газогенератора, с NН3, чтобы получить мочевину. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором исходное сырье из биомассы содержит по меньшей мере два вида исходного сырья из биомассы, каждый из которых имеет по меньшей мере одно отличающееся технологическое свойство. ! 3. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий стадию, на которой смешивают гранулы по меньшей мере двух видов исходного сырья из биомассы, каждый из которых имеет по меньшей мере одно отличающееся технологическое свойство, чтобы получить единую преимущественно однородную смесь гранул.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ

... 1. Способ получения промышленного продукта, включающий стадии:i) получение вегетирующей части растения, имеющей общее содержание неполярных липидов по меньшей мере около 3%, предпочтительно по меньшей мере около 5% или по меньшей мере около 7% (мас./мас., сухой вес),ii) либоa) превращение по меньшей мере некоторых липидов в вегетирующей части растения со стадии i) в промышленный продукт с применением нагревания, химических или ферментных средств или любой их комбинации, в отношении липидов in situ в переработанной вегетирующей части растения, либоb) физическая переработка вегетирующей части растения со стадии i), и последовательное или одновременное превращение по меньшей мере некоторых липидов в вегетирующей части растения в промышленный продукт с применением нагревания, химических или ферментных средств или любой их комбинации, в отношении липидов в переработанной вегетирующей части растения, иiii) выделение промышленного продукта,с получением посредством этого промышленного продукта.2 ...

Способ удаления шлака,получаемого при газификации твердого углеродсодержащего топлива, и устройство для его осуществления

Festbettvergaser und Verfahren zur Vergasung von organischen Abfällen

Festbettvergaser und Verfahren zur Vergasung von organischen Abfällen

Teiloxidation von Gummireifenabfall und gebrauchtem Motoröl

Process for gasifying solid fuels and for obtaining carbon-rich particles

Verfahren zur Nutzbarmachung von Abfällen, bei dem Abfälle thermisch behandelt und einer vollständigen Stoffumwandlung zugeführt werden

Teilweise Oxidation von Abwasserschlamm.

Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von organischen, kapillarporösen Materialien, vorzugsweise Ligniten, für den schleusenlosen kontinuierlichen Eintrag in einen Druckvergaser mittels Dickstoffpumpen bzw. Kolbenpressen

Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von organischen, kapillarporösen Materialien für den schleusenlosen kontinuierlichen Eintrag in einen Druckvergaser mittels Dickstoffpumpen bzw. Kolbenpressen, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die organischen kapillarporösen Materialien durch Aufbaugranulation oder durch Pressgranulation, wobei die Briketts anschließend zerkleinert werden, in ein Granulat mit einer Korngröße von kleiner 20 mm überführt, das Granulat auf ein Feuchtegehalt kleiner 20% getrocknet, das getrocknete Granulat mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht eines wasserabweisenden Materials ummantelt und anschließend durch Zusetzen von Wasser in ein sowohl für eine Dickstoffpumpe bzw. Kolbenpumpe als auch in ein für den Druckvergaser geeignetes Einsatzprodukt überführt wird.

VERFAHREN ZUR VERGASUNG VON KOHLE

Thermal waste disposal system allows thermal energy recovery from carbonisation gas - including appts. to extract thermal energy at shock cooling unit, between reactor and cooling unit, and between cooling unit and cleaning unit

A thermal waste disposal system has a press for the waste, a heated degassing channel, a high temp. reactor producing a melt and carbonisation gases, a shock cooling unit and a cleaning unit for the carbonisation gases. An arrangement is provided for extracting the thermal energy of the carbonisation gases at one or more of the following points; (a) at the shock cooling unit, (b) between the reactor and the shock cooling unit and/or (c) between the reactor and the cleaning unit with an integrated shock cooling unit. Pref. the shock cooling unit has a cooling jacket, through which a coolant flows. A waste heat boiler, with a heat exchanger, may be located between the reactor and the shock cooling unit. When the shock cooling unit is integrated in the cleaning unit, the cleaning unit is connected to a heat exchanger. ADVANTAGE - The thermal energy, normally lose in the shock cooling unit (quencher), is recovered for use e.g. in the waste disposal process itself, for electrical energy prodn ...

Device for deaerating microparticulate material by passing the microparticulate material between two elastic treadmills, compressing at pressing point above contact pressure, and transporting in a chamber having an inert gas atmosphere

Device for deaerating a microparticulate material (1) by (i) passing the microparticulate material between two elastic treadmills (2), (ii) compressing at a pressing point above the contact pressure, which is formed by the pressure roller (7) and the elasticity of the tread mill material, and (iii) transporting in a chamber having an inert gas atmosphere, is claimed.

Utilizing fuel, residual material and waste material comprises completely vaporizing material with direct or indirect introduction of heat and adding as vapor to gasification reactor

Utilizing fuel, residual material and waste material comprises completely vaporizing the material with the direct or indirect introduction of heat and adding as vapor to the gasification reactor. An Independent claim is also included for an apparatus for carrying out the above process comprising a pre-vaporizing chamber (14) for water vapor and feeds (3) for the fuel, residual material and waste material. Preferred Features: Vaporization of the fuel, residual material and waste material occurs with water vapor which is added with the completely vaporized material to the reactor.

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF COAL & GYPSUM TO VALUABLE PRODUCTS

PROCESS FOR PROVISIONALLY STORING,TRANSPORTING AND/OR ENERGETICALLY AS WELL AS MATERIALLY UTILISING MATERIAL OF ALL KIND THAT IS TO BE DISPOSED OF

Process for converting solid wastes to gases for use as a town gas

A process comprising (1) pyrolyzing solid wastes at 550 DEG C or higher in a pyrolyzing furnace to produce pyrolysis gases containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and dioxide, methane and other hydrocarbons as well as chlorine- containing compounds, sulphur- containing compounds and other impurities, (2) washing the pyrolysis gases with an aqueous alkaline solution, (3) refining the washed pyrolysis gases with the hydrogen contained in the pyrolysis gases, (4) reforming the refined pyrolysis gases by steam reforming, CO conversion and/or methanation and (5) separating the excess steam and carbonic acid gas from the reformed gases. in one embodiment, the washing (2) and refining (3) may be substituted by the high-temperature steam reforming of the pyrolysis gases in hot state supplied directly from the pyrolyzing furnace. ...

Process and device to enable autothermic gasification of solid fuels

COAL GASIFICATION

Process for gasification of solid carbonaceous material

In a process for gasification of solid carbonaceous material such as coal powdered, coal is top-blown by a carrier gas onto a molten iron bath stored in a furnace through a non-submerged lance toward a hot spot formed by means of jet of oxygen and steam top-blown through a non-submerged lance and flux is optionally added into the furnace by the lump or blown toward the hot spot, thereby coal being gasified. The ratio L/L0 of the depression depth L of the molten iron bath to the molten iron depth L0 is maintained from 0.05 to 0.15, and the blowing velocity of the solid carbonaceous material is maintained from 50 to 300 m/sec so as to suppress forming of adhered mass on the upper part of the furnace or hood. A mixing gas may be blown through bottom nozzles to stir the molten iron bath. ...

Process for the Gasification of Coal

Coal particles are dried in a drying zone 10 and are then preheated in a preheater 12 to a temperature just below the pyrolysis temperature. Next the coal is pyrolysed in a retort 20 by contacting it with heat carrying solids and in a non-oxidising atmosphere, to remove substantially all of the tar-forming volatile combustible matter from the coal particles and produce substantially tar-free coal char particles and also volatile vapours and condensible gases. The devolatilised tar-free char particles are then contacted with steam and an oxygen -containing gas in a gasifier 30. The gasification in the gasifier 30 produces a combustible gas which is tar-free can and is ideally suited for combustion, for example to produce combustion gases for driving a gas turbine 54. ...

Process for producing one or more hydrocarbon products

A process for producing hydrocarbon products comprising: (a) producing charcoal from vegetal feedstock in the absence of oxygen; (b) producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the charcoal in the presence of steam; and (c) producing one or more hydrocarbon products from the mixture of step (b) using the Fischer-Tropsch process; wherein steam is raised as a reactant in step (b) and as a heat source in step (c) by electrically heating water using renewable energy; wherein a portion of the hydrocarbon products is burnt to produce heat and an oxygen-free environment for step (a); and wherein waste heat from step (a) is used to raise steam to maintain operating temperatures for steps (b) and (c) when the source of renewable energy is unavailable or unable to raise steam to at least maintain operating temperatures. The process is preferably carbon-neutral, fossil fuels are not used as feedstock or to produce the electricity for the process. Preferably a portion of the hydrocarbon products is ...

PARTIAL OXIDATION CARBON REMOVAL PROCESS

... 1523150 Synthesis gas production FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY CORP 24 Oct 1975 [25 Oct 1974] 43857/75 Heading C5E A method for the production of synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a carbonaceous fuel, e.g. a petroleum feedstock, includes the steps of (i) washing the crude gas produced by partial oxidation of the fuel with water to remove unreacted carbon, (ii) concentrating the carbon/water mixture thus produced to give a slurry of carbon in water containing approximately 5%-7% carbon and a stream of clean water, (iii) combining the slurry with a fuel oil to produce a feed stream and (iv) injecting the feed stream into the partial oxidation reactor.

Treatment of waste material

PROCESS FOR GASIFYING CARBONACEOUS MATTER

... 1485542 Combustible gas CAMERON ENG Inc 29 Jan 1975 3913/75 Heading C5E In a process for producing synthesis gas from the reaction of solid particulate carbonaceous material with steam and oxygen-bearing gas flowing in a turbulent stream, the feed of particulate carbonaceous material delivered through valves 15 into tube 14 is dried by the hot synthesis gas product, the dried particulate carbonaceous material is gasified by a hot mixture of steam and oxygen-bearing gas in a tubular reactor 34 lined with refractory material thereby producing a hot fluent stream of synthesis gas product and ash residue, and the hot ash residue is used to pre-heat incoming oxygen (or air) and steam from a boiler 21 in tube 36 and is then discharged into a receiver 45. In the boiler 21, fines separated from the synthesis gas product in a high efficiency cyclone separator 19 are used as fuel for heating the water condensed from the synthesis gas product in the scrubbing system 25, together with make-up water ...

PROCESS FOR COMMINUTING AND FEEDING COAL TO A FLUIDIZED BED OR SUSPENDED PARTICLE PRESSURIZED PROCESSING CHAMBER AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAME

... 1523603 Gyratory crushers, jaw crushers, impact mills, ball-and-ring mills, roller mills, comminuting coal KAMYR INC 4 Aug 1975 [8 Aug 1974] 32520/75 Heading B2A A comminuting system particularly for coal gasification comprises a chute 1 Fig. 1 a transmission device 2 which transfers coal from a low pressure liquid system to a high pressure liquid system in which the coal is fed to a dewatering separator 3, and thence to a centrifugal separator 4. The dewatered coal is crushed in a roller crusher 5, and metered into a pressurized ball-and-ring mill 6 which includes an integral cyclone separator 416 which returns insufficiently ground material to the mill. The coal is thence blown to a cyclone 7 by a fan 22. The cyclone 7 discharges into a fluidized bed gasifier 8a or a suspended particle gasifier 8b. Both being of known types. The centrifuge 4 comprises two concentric cones 38, 39 in a pressurized housing. The inner cone 39 is turned by shafts 211, 213 and has screw-form scraper plates ...

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

Fuels and fuel additives that have high biogenic content derived from renewable organic feedstock

Process and apparatus for the indirect gasification of biomass using water vapor

Method and apparatus for low-temperature biomass pyrolysis and high-temperature biomass gasification

Biomass gasification island process under high temperature and atmospheric pressure

Microwave plasma biomass entrained flow gasifier and process

Method and apparatus for low-temperature biomass pyrolysis and high-temperature biomass gasification

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE INDIRECT GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS USING WATER VAPOR

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE BIOMASS PYROLYSIS AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE BIOMASS GASIFICATION

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS FROM BIOMASS BY CARBONIZATION

Process and apparatus for the indirect gasification of biomass using water vapor

Microwave plasma biomass entrained flow gasifier and process

Process and system for producing synthesis gas from biomas by carbonization

Biomass gasification island process under high temperature and atmospheric pressure

Microwave plasma biomass entrained flow gasifier and process

Biomass gasification island process under high temperature and atmospheric pressure

Process of installation of treatment of a reduced solid matter of pieces.

Process and apparatus for the indirect gasification of biomass using water vapor

Process and system for producing synthesis gas from biomas by carbonization

Process and system for producing synthesis gas from biomas by carbonization

Method and apparatus for low-temperature biomass pyrolysis and high-temperature biomass gasification

PROCEDURE FOR THE DRYING PROCESS OF SALZHALTIGER BROWN COAL DURING SIMULTANEOUS STEAM PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR ELIMINATING CELEBRATIONS WASTE MATERIALS UNDER SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF A USABLE PRODUCT GAS AND INERT CELEBRATIONS ARREARS

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISPOSAL OF DUST AND/OR PARTIKELFÖRMIGEN WASTE GOODS

VERFAHREN ZUR NUTZBARMACHUNG VON ENTSORGUNGSGÜTERN

PROCEDURE FOR THE UTILIZATION OF DISPOSAL GOODS OF ALL KINDS

PROCEDURE FOR THE THERMAL UTILIZATION OF WASTE MATERIALS

PLANT FOR COAL GASIFICATION.

PROCEDURE AND PLANT FOR RUECKGEWINNUNG OF USABLE GAS FROM MUELL BY PYROLYSIS.

PROCEDURE AND PLANT FOR THERMAL PREPARING OF WASTES POLLUTED WITH ORGANIC COMPONENTS, IN PARTICULAR OF METAL SCRAP.

PROCEDURE FOR GASES OF A CARBON-CONTAINING FUEL, IN PARTICULAR COAL.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS FUEL

VERFAHREN ZUM DRUCKVERGASEN VON KOHLE FUER DEN BETRIEB EINES KRAFTWERKES

STEAM REFORMING PROCESS AND APPARATUS

CLEAN FUEL GAS MADE BY THE GASIFICATION OF COAL

High-temperature gasification process using biomass to produce synthetic gas and system therefor

A high-temperature gasification process using biomass to produce synthetic gas involves gasifying a powdered charcoal through transporting the powdered charcoal to a gasification furnace. An externally supplied combustible gas is directly combusted and reacted with the oxygen in a carbonization furnace, and the heat discharged from the reaction is directly supplied for a thermolysis of biomass. The thermolysis gas and the charcoal are produced from the carbonization furnace. Temperature of the carbonization furnace is controlled within 400 to 600℃. Flame temperature at a burner of the carbonization furnace is controlled within 1800 to 1200℃. A system for the process is also disclosed.

Method and apparatus for blending lignite and coke slurries

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BLENDING LIGNITE AND COKE SLURRIES A method may include preparing (62, 66, 70) a coke slurry, preparing (64, 68, 72, 74) a lignite slurry separate from the coke slurry, and combining (76) the coke slurry with the lignite slurry to form a coke/lignite slurry. ouJ Cz1 m 0 0 0 LC) 0 0I C) - ...

Steam pyrolysis as a process to enhance the hydro-gasification of carbonaceous materials

Coal gasification furnace

Disclosed is a coal gasification furnace comprising: a reaction vessel (12) formed in a cylindrical shape extending upwards, equipped with an outlet at the upper end thereof; and a plurality of cylindrical burner units (17) disposed on a reference plane (P1) parallel to a horizontal plane and lower than the outlet, and in a circumferential direction with gaps left therebetween on an inside surface of the reaction vessel, which supply coal and an oxidising agent to the inside of the reaction vessel; and coal is burned inside the reaction vessel to produce at least hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas. When seen from above, the axes (C1) of the burners are oriented in the same direction as and touch an imaginary circle centred on a central axis with a diameter less than the inside diameter of the reaction vessel, where the axes are parallel to a horizontal plane or where the tips of the burner units are oriented downwards.

Systems and methods for solar-thermal gasification of biomass

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1 ) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

Top-feeding double-swirl type gasifier

The present invention provides a top-feeding double-swirl type gasifier: a feed line through which pulverized coal is supplied by nitrogen; a distributor for dividing the pulverized coal supplied; a plurality of burner nozzles for supplying the pulverized coal, divided in the distributor, and an oxidizer; a pressure reactor in which the pulverized coal and the oxidizer react with each other to produce a flow of synthesis gas; and a swirl generator for imparting a swirling force to the oxidizer which is fed into the pressure reactor, the gasifier further comprising a slag cooling and storing container placed beneath the pressure reactor. Each of the burner nozzles consists of a triple tube having a circular cross section. The pulverized coal and carrier gas are supplied to the most central region of the burner nozzle, and an oxidizer is supplied to an annular region 34 surrounding the central region.

Process for gasification of low rank carbonaceous material

Process and plant for producing synthesis gas and pyrolysis products from coal of different grain size

A process for converting coal into synthesis gas and by-products, such as for instance tar and oil, wherein the coal is separated into a coarse and a fine fraction, the coarse fraction is processed in a fixed-bed pressure gasification, the fine fraction is processed in a pyrolysis, and the respectively obtained products containing tar, oil and naphtha are combined and mixed.

Process and system for coupling pressurized pyrolysis of biomasses

Provided is a process for the coupling pressurized pyrolysis of biomasses, which pyrolyses the biomasses using microwaves coupled with plasmas, and treats the carbon residues after the pyrolysis using plasmas. The method has a high efficiency, and a high carbon conversion. The synthetic gas has a good quality and the volume of the effective gas reaches above 90%. Also provided is a pyrolyzing furnace for the above-mentioned pyrolysis process, which includes a pyrolysis furnace (2), a feeding system, a cyclone separator (4). The lower part of the pyrolyzing furnace is provided with multiple microwave inlets (12) and a plasma torch (13) interface, and the bottom thereof is provided with a slag storage pool. Both the microwave inlets (12) and the plasma torch (13) interface of the pyrolyzing furnace are distributed in multiple layers with each layer being placed at a uniform distance. The plasma torch (13) interface is placed below the microwave inlets (12) and above the level of the liquid ...

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM COAL

GASIFICATION OF COAL

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Abstract A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising at least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon WO 2017/039741 PCT/US2015/067950 (O < 0L Lu zu 0:Q 0U CLi a0 H 0 0: H LL 0 z :E HDO A HD 0D 0_ zw (f Подробнее

Method for the catalytic conversion of organic materials into a product gas

PROCESS OF MAKING BROWN COAL CONTAINING PELLETS FOR GASIFICATION

APPARATUS FOR GASIFYING CARBONACEOUS MATTER

HIGH-TEMPERATURE GASIFICATION PROCESS USING BIOMASS TO PRODUCE SYNTHETIC GAS AND SYSTEM THEREFOR

A high-temperature gasification process using biomass to produce synthetic gas involves gasifying a powdered charcoal through transporting the powdered charcoal to a gasification furnace. An externally supplied combustible gas is directly combusted and reacted with the oxygen in a carbonization furnace, and the heat discharged from the reaction is directly supplied for a thermolysis of biomass. The thermolysis gas and the charcoal are produced from the carbonization furnace. Temperature of the carbonization furnace is controlled within 400 to 600?. Flame temperature at a burner of the carbonization furnace is controlled within 1800 to 1200?. A system for the process is also disclosed.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR A FEED INTO A GASIFIER UTILIZING A SLURRY

ENERGY RECOVERY IN SYNGAS APPLICATIONS

The disclosed embodiments include systems for using an expander. In a first embodiment, a system includes a flow path and a gasification section disposed along the flow path. The gasification section is configured to convert a feedstock into a syngas. The system also includes a scrubber disposed directly downstream of the gasification section and configured to filter the syngas. The system also includes a first expander disposed along the flow path directly downstream from the scrubber and configured to expand the syngas. The syngas comprises an untreated syngas.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR GASIFYING COAL

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR GASIFYING COAL Part of the synthesis gas produced by coal gasification in an allothermiclly heated fluidized bed reactor is burned after removal of dust and sulfur and serves as a source of energy to heat the reactor by indirect heat exchange and to produce the steam required for the gasification process. The flue gas exiting from the heat exchanger of the reactor can be used to perform work in expansion turbines. The rest of the synthesis gas is available for use in downstream processes, such as iron ore reduction, or can be burned and used to perform work in turbines to produce electric current. The result is a process that is environmentally safer and operates with a better yield than direct coal burning or autothermal coal gasification, but requires no outside source of energy, such as nucler powr, as prior art allothermal coal gasification processes do.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS FROM COAL

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS FROM COAL The overall conversion of coal to synthesis gas by pressurised counter-current gasification is improved by steam reforming the methane values in the gas and heating the steam reformer by means of a fluidised bed combustor fuelled by the coal fines which are too small to be employed in the gasification step. Coal can be crushed to increase the proportion of fines and/or conditions for gasification and/or steam reforming varied so as to consume lump coal and fines in the desired ratio. The product gas may be used for methanol synthesis.

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE RECOVERY OF UTILIZABLE GAS FROM GARBAGE BY PYROLYSIS

A method for recovering utilizable gas from garbage by pyrolysis, wherein precomminuted garbage is processed into fluff material, granules, or pellets, and is then introduced into a degasifying drum in which low temperature carbonization gas is produced and is separated from the residual material. The gas is broken down in a gas converter into combustion gas which is cleaned in a subsequent gas washing installation with circulating wash water. Some of the circulating wash water in the gas washing installation is removed in order to limit the concentration of pollutants and is replaced with fresh water. The pyrolysis residue to be removed from the low temperature carbonization drum is discharged through a water bath. At least a part of the fluid removed from the circulating wash water in the gas washing installation is introduced into the water bath.

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC TRANSPORTATION FUELS FROM CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS USING SELF-SUSTAINED HYDRO-GASIFICATION

A process and apparatus for producing a synthesis gas for use as a gaseous fuel or as feed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce a liquid fuel in a substantially self-sustaining process. A slurry of particles of carbonaceous material in water, and hydrogen from an internal source, are fed into a hydro- gasification reactor under conditions whereby methane rich producer gases are generated and fed into a steam pyrolytic reformer under conditions whereby synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide are generated. A portion of the hydrogen generated by the steam pyrolytic reformer is fed through a hydrogen purification filter into the hydro-gasification reactor, the hydrogen therefrom constituting the hydrogen from an internal source. The remaining synthesis gas generated by the steam pyrolytic reformer is either used as fuel for a gaseous fueled engine to produce electricity and/or process heat or is fed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor under conditions whereby a liquid fuel is ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INDUSTRIAL FUEL FROM WASTE WOODY MATERIALS

COMBINATION METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GASIFYING COAL AND FOR REDUCING METAL ORES

METHOD FOR THE GASIFICATION OF COAL

PROCESS AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GAS

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE UTILISATION OF TAR IN GASIFICATION OF GRANULAR FUEL UNDER PRESSURE, CIALLY OF BITUMINOUS COAL

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR COUPLING PRESSURIZED PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASSES

Provided is a process for the coupling pressurized pyrolysis of biomasses, which pyrolyses the biomasses using microwaves coupled with plasmas, and treats the carbon residues after the pyrolysis using plasmas. The method has a high efficiency, and a high carbon conversion. The synthetic gas has a good quality and the volume of the effective gas reaches above 90%. Also provided is a pyrolyzing furnace for the above-mentioned pyrolysis process, which includes a pyrolysis furnace (2), a feeding system, a cyclone separator (4). The lower part of the pyrolyzing furnace is provided with multiple microwave inlets (12) and a plasma torch (13) interface, and the bottom thereof is provided with a slag storage pool. Both the microwave inlets (12) and the plasma torch (13) interface of the pyrolyzing furnace are distributed in multiple layers with each layer being placed at a uniform distance. The plasma torch (13) interface is placed below the microwave inlets (12) and above the level of the liquid ...

METHOD FOR LOW-SEVERITY GASIFICATION OF HEAVY PETROLEUM RESIDUES.

A method for co-producing a sulfur-containing raw synthetic gas and an es sentially desulfurized solid residue from a sulfur-containing heavy petroleu m residue feedstock, comprising feeding a bubbling fluidized-bed gasificatio n reactor with the feedstock, and converting the feedstock to a raw syntheti c gas by a partial oxidation reaction in the presence of water at a temperat ure at or below about 1000oC and a pressure at or below about 10 atm, thereb y also producing an essentially desulfurized solid residue, while the sulfur components are essentially comprised in the raw synthetic gas; and separate ly recovering the essentially desulfurized solid residue and the sulfur-cont aining raw synthetic gas.

BIOMASS GASIFIER

The present application thus provides a gasifier for use in converting a feedstock material into a syngas. The gasifier may include an outer chamber, a reaction zone positioned within the outer chamber, and a disruption device maneuverable within the outer chamber to ensure a steady flow of the feedstock material into the reaction zone without bridging.

WASTE TREATMENT

The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of hazardous waste, the process comprising: (i) providing a hazardous waste; (ii) providing a further waste; (iii) plasma treating the hazardous waste in a first plasma treatment unit, (iv) gasifying the further waste in a gasification unit to produce an offgas and a char material; and (v) plasma treating the offgas, and optionally the char material, in a second plasma treatment unit to produce a syngas, (vi) optionally treating the syngas in a gas cleaning plant, wherein the first plasma treatment unit is arranged to plasma treat at least some of the solid by-products from the gasification unit and/or the second plasma treatment unit and/or the gas cleaning plant.

METHOD FOR THE ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY EXTRACTION OF LIGHT OIL AND/OR FUELS FROM CRUDE BITUMEN FROM OIL SHALE AND/OR OIL SANDS

The present invention relates to a method for the energy-efficient and environmentally friendly obtention of light oil and/or fuels on the basis of crude bitumen from oil shales and/or oil sands (1) by thermal use of carbonaceous residues which are obtained during this process, whereby the carbonaceous residues are converted at temperatures below 1800 °C into sulfur-poor, gaseous cleavage products (31) by sub-stoichiometric oxidation with oxygen-containing gas in an updraft gasifier (19) which is operated with a bulk material moving bed while alkaline substances are added. The cleavage products are then converted into sensible heat by hyperstoichiometric oxidation and are used for the production of heated aqueous process media (2) for physically comminuting the oil sands and/or oil shales (1) and/or for separating of the crude bitumen (7) from the rock material and/or as process heat for the thermal fractioning (12) of the crude bitumen (7).

THERMAL SENSING SYSTEM

A temperature measurement system for a gasifier may employ a first stage gasifier with a refractory wall that defines a first stage gasifier volume. A protruding refractory brick may protrude from the first stage refractory wall and into a gaseous flow path of the first stage gasifier volume. The temperature sensor may reside completely through the refractory wall, which may be a plurality of brick layers, except for a tip end of a temperature sensor that may reside in a blind or non-through hole within the protruding refractory brick. The protruding refractory brick protrudes beyond a normal wall surface of the plurality of brick layers that defines the first stage gasifier volume. The protruding refractory brick may have a face that forms an angle that is not 90 degrees, such as 45 degrees, relative to the gaseous flow path of the fluid stream through the first stage gasifier volume.

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GASIFYING AND/OR MELTING OF FEED MATERIALS

A reactor enables gasification or melting of waste and additional feed materials. The reactor includes a co-current section with a plenum section and a feed section with a sluice. Feed materials are introduced into the reactor. The reactor further includes a buffer section and a pre-treatment section, which adjoins a bottom of the buffer section to create a cross-sectional enlargement. An intermediate section adjoins the pre-treatment section. An upper oxidation section adjoins a bottom of the intermediate section and includes tuyeres in at least one level. An upper reduction section adjoins a bottom of the upper oxidation section. The reactor further includes a gas outlet section. The reactor further includes a countercurrent section having a conical lower reduction section and a conical lower oxidation section adjoining the conical lower reduction section having at least one tuyere and at least one tapping. 1100. Reactor () for gasifying and/or melting of feed materials , the reactor comprising{'b': '110', 'claim-text': [{'b': '111', 'claim-text': [{'b': 112', '100, 'a feed section with a sluice () through which the feed materials are introduced into the reactor () from above,'}, {'b': 113', '112, 'a buffer section () located below the feed section (),'}, {'b': 114', '113', '140, 'a pre-treatment section () that is located below the bottom of the buffer section () and which has a cross-sectional enlargement in the upper area and a narrowing cross-section in the bottom area so that a discharge cone () of the feed material can form,'}, {'b': 119', '114', '114, 'at least one gas supply means () which open in the pre-treatment section () in the region of the cross-sectional enlargement of the pre-treatment section () and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone, and'}, {'b': 115', '114, 'an intermediate section () that is located below the bottom of the pre-treatment section (),'}], 'a plenum section () comprising'}, {'b': 116', '115', '116', '117', ' ...

METHOD TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF REMOVAL OF LIQUID WATER FROM SOLID BULK FUEL MATERIALS

The invention provides methods to efficiently reduce the water concentration of raw solid fuels, including low rank coals such as brown coal, lignite, subbituminous coal, and other carbonaceous solids. Efficiently drying these materials at low temperatures significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and allows the production of low-rank coals for gasification and liquifaction. 1. A method of treating a solid carbonaceous material comprising:{'sup': '2', 'compacting a solid carbonaceous material under a force of at least about 5000 lb/into form a compacted carbonaceous material; and,'}contacting the compacted carbonaceous material with a working fluid, wherein the working fluid causes evaporative drying of the compacted carbonaceous material to form a dried carbonaceous material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of brown coal claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , subbituminous coal and mixtures of these materials.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a top size between about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a moisture content between about 15 weight percent and about 65 weight percent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a temperature between about 17° C. and about 66° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the force is between about 5000 lb/inand about 50000 lb/in.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated air claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , inert gas claim 1 , flue gas claim 1 , superheated steam and mixtures of these fluids.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting comprises applying the working fluid to the compacted carbonaceous material in at least one of a stockpile of the compacted carbonaceous material and a rotary dryer containing the carbonaceous material.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting ...

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

Reactor and Process for Gasifying and/or Melting of Feed Materials

This invention relates to a method and a reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock material. The method includes the steps of choke-feeding a carbonaceous feedstock material into a pyrolysis zone of the reactor to form a discharge bed; heating the discharge bed to initiate pyrolysis of the feedstock material to form a pyrolysis product; providing a lower lying upper oxidation zone; gasifying the pyrolysis product to form a bed of char; converting thermal energy into chemical energy in an upper reduction zone; providing a lower lying lower oxidation zone; collecting any metal slag and/or slag melts in the lower oxidation zone; and discharging hot reducing gases having a temperature of at least 1300° C. and a CO/CO 2 ratio of ≥5, more preferably ≥15.

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFIER AND GASIFICATION METHOD USING THE SAME FOR SYNTHESIZING SYNGAS FROM BIOMASS FUEL

A method for gasifying biomass using a gasifier, the gasifier including a furnace body and a fuel pretreatment system. The method includes 1) crushing and sieving a biomass fuel to yield particle size-qualified fuel particles, 2) exciting working gas to yield plasma, and spraying the plasma into the gasifier, 3) spraying the particle size-qualified fuel particles into the gasifier via nozzles, synchronously spraying an oxidizer via an oxygen/vapor inlet into the gasifier, and 4) monitoring the temperature and components of the syngas, regulating an oxygen flow rate, a vapor flow rate, and microwave power to maintain the process parameters within a preset range and to control a temperature of the syngas to be between 900 and 1200° C., collecting the syngas from the syngas outlet at the top of the furnace body, and discharging liquid slag from the slag outlet. 1. A method for gasifying biomass using a gasifier , the gasifier comprisinga furnace body comprising a fuel inlet, a syngas outlet and a slag outlet, the fuel inlet comprising nozzles; anda fuel pretreatment system comprising a feeding hopper; wherein:the furnace body is vertically disposed;the fuel inlet is disposed at a lower part of the furnace body;the syngas outlet is disposed at a top of the furnace body;the slag outlet is disposed at a bottom of the furnace body;the fuel pretreatment system is disposed outside of the furnace body;a bottom of the feeding hopper is connected to the furnace body via the nozzles;the nozzles are disposed radially along the furnace body; andone or two layers of microwave plasma generators are disposed in parallel at a gasification zone of the furnace body and each layer of the microwave plasma generators comprises working gas inlets;the method comprising:1) crushing and sieving a biomass fuel using the fuel pretreatment system to yield particle size-qualified fuel particles, and transporting the particle size-qualified fuel particles to the feeding hopper;2) introducing ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

FEEDSTOCK DELIVERY SYSTEM HAVING CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK SPLITTER AND GAS MIXING

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas. 12000201101100104104104. A feedstock delivery system () for supplying bulk carbonaceous material (B-) to an interior () of a first reactor () having a longitudinal reactor axis (AX) and a plurality of reactor feedstock inputs (A , B , C) , the feedstock delivery system comprising:{'b': 2', '1', '2', '03', '2', '01', '2', '1', '2', '01', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '07', '2', '09', '2', '11, '(a) a first splitter (B) having a splitter input (B-) through which bulk carbonaceous material (B-) is received, the first splitter (B) configured to split the received bulk carbonaceous material (B-) into a first plurality of carbonaceous material streams (B-A, B-B, B-C), each stream exiting the first splitter via a splitter output (B-, B-, B-);'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '02, 'claim-text': [{'b': '00', '(b1) a mixing chamber (G);'}, {'b': 1', '2', '21', '20', '19', '21', '20', '19, '(b2) a first isolation valve (VG) and a second isolation (VG ...

METHOD FOR FORMING A PLURALITY OF PLUGS OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas. 1. A method for forming a new plug of densified carbonaceous material in a cylinder already having a series of previously formed plugs pressed together , and supplying a leading plug of said series of previously formed plugs to a pressurized first reactor ,{'b': 30', '19', '2', '01', '45, 'claim-text': 'the method comprising:', 'the cylinder (D) comprising a first opening (D) through which carbonaceous material (D-) is introduced into the cylinder, and a first output (D) through which the leading plug is supplied to the pressurized first reactor;'}{'b': '19', '(a) introducing, via the first opening (D), a quantity of carbonaceous material having a density of 4 pounds per cubic foot to 50 pounds per cubic foot;'}(b) while said plurality of previously formed plugs are prevented from advancing within the cylinder, compressing said carbonaceous material (D+1) against a nearest plug of said plurality of previously formed plugs, to thereby form a new plug against said plurality of previously formed ...

FEED ZONE DELIVERY SYSTEM HAVING CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK DENSITY REDUCTION AND GAS MIXING

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas. 12050101100104. A feed zone delivery system (A) for transferring carbonaceous material into to an interior () of a first reactor () having a longitudinal reactor axis (AX) and at least one reactor carbonaceous material input (A) , the system comprising:{'b': 2', '1', '2', '02, '(a) a weigh feeder (C) configured to weigh and regulate a mass flow rate of weighed carbonaceous material (C-);'}{'b': 2', '0', '2', '02', '2', '02, '(b) a densification system (D) configured to compress the weighed carbonaceous material (C-) received from the weigh feeder and form a densified carbonaceous material (D-);'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '02', '2', '0, '(c) a density reduction system (F) configured to reduce the density of the densified carbonaceous material (D-) after it exits the densification system (D) to thereby form de-densified carbonaceous material;'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '1, 'claim-text': [{'b': '00', '(d1) a mixing chamber (G);'}, {'b': 1', '2', '21', '20', '19', '21', '20', '19, '(d2) a first isolation valve ( ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A FEEDSTOCK

Disclosed embodiments include a feedstock preparation system that includes a solid feedstock mill including a housing having a chamber. The solid feedstock mill also includes a solids breakup assembly at least partially disposed inside the chamber. The solid feedstock mill further includes a feedstock inlet through the housing into the chamber and a plurality of feedstock outlets through the housing from the chamber. 1. A system , comprising: a housing having a chamber;', 'a solids breakup assembly at least partially disposed inside the chamber;', 'a feedstock inlet through the housing into the chamber; and', 'a plurality of feedstock outlets through the housing from the chamber., 'a solid feedstock mill, comprising2. The system of claim 1 , comprising a first gasifier coupled to a first feedstock outlet of the plurality of feedstock outlets.3. The system of claim 2 , comprising a second gasifier coupled to a second feedstock outlet of the plurality of feedstock outlets.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of feedstock outlets comprises at least one non-circular outlet.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of feedstock outlets comprises at least one rectangular outlet.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of feedstock outlets comprises at least one oval outlet.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of feedstock outlets are arranged symmetrically about an axis of the housing.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of feedstock outlets are arranged asymmetrically about an axis of the housing.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of feedstock outlets are spaced apart from one another claim 1 , or are positioned adjacent one another claim 1 , or a combination thereof.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of feedstock outlets comprises a plurality of axially arranged outlets claim 1 , a plurality of circumferentially arranged outlets claim 1 , or a combination thereof.11. The system of claim 1 , ...

METHODS, PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM WASTE, BIOGENIC WASTE AND BIOMASS

Provided herein are novel devices, systems, and methods of using the same, that enable plasma-enhanced gasification of biogenic hydrocarbon waste material comprising: a geometrically designed reactor having a biochar carbon catalyst bed, together with a gas inlet system disposed around a lower section of the apparatus to supply oxidant gas generated by an integrated oxygen absorber system; to enhance the partial oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbon waste materials using exothermic heat generated by an oxidation reaction created in part by the integrated oxygen absorber system into the apparatus, in order to optimize the quantity and quality of hydrogen production in the synthetic gas produced therein. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising: a material delivery system to provide said material to said reactor through said plurality of intake ports claim 1 , said delivery system comprising: a receptacle to receive said material claim 1 , a shredding and compacting unit disposed to accept said material from said receptacle and to shred and compact said material claim 1 , and a transfer unit to deliver said shredded and compacted material to said reactor.3. An apparatus according to wherein said material comprises biomass material and biogenic hydrocarbon waste materials.4. An apparatus according to wherein said biomass and biogenic hydrocarbon waste material comprises the non-fossilized and biodegradable organic material originating from products claim 3 , by-products and residues of plants claim 3 , municipal solid waste claim 3 , agriculture waste claim 3 , and forestry waste.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said biochar catalyst bed is about 0.5-10 meters claim 1 , 1-5 meters or 1 meter in height.6. An apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising a plurality of sensors disposed throughout said reactor to sense one or more of: a height of said biochar catalyst bed claim 2 , a height of a bed of said material claim 2 , a temperature ...

Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

Modularized System and Method for Urea Production Using A Bio-Mass Feedstock

A modular system and method for producing urea from bio-mass includes means and steps for “homogenizing” a biomass feedstock stream having components with different bulk density BTU content into a stream having a consistent bulk density BTU content. The steps include cleaning the incoming bio-mass feedstock stream to remove non-organic matter, blending the cleaned bio-mass feedstock stream to obtain a homogeneous blend having a consistent bulk density BTU content, and milling the homogeneous blend bio-mass feedstock stream to a predetermined size no greater than 12 mm.

Waste Management System

A waste management system, primarily intended to be for waste floating in water, though it can also be used on land. A shredding device will reduce the size of the particles of waste. Ocean water is removed by a drying device. The dried waste material is cryogenically frozen using liquid nitrogen or other suitable means. The frozen waste material is then pulverized and ground into a powder. The powder may then be sprayed into a gas-filled chamber and heated. Temperature, pressure and humidity are maintained within the chamber for more than one minute. Microwave or other radiation and catalysts may be used to enhance the process of extraction. The processed material is then removed from the chamber. Carbon and water may be recycled. The carbon may be used as fuel by the ship. Water may also be used by the ship or returned to the ocean in a non-toxic condition.

Waste Management System

A waste management system, primarily intended to be for waste floating in water, though it can also be used on land. A shredding device will reduce the size of the particles of waste. Ocean water is removed by a drying device. The dried waste material is cryogenically frozen using liquid nitrogen or other suitable means. The frozen waste material is then pulverized and ground into a powder. The powder may then be sprayed into a gas-filled chamber and heated. Temperature, pressure and humidity are maintained within the chamber for more than one minute. Microwave or other radiation and catalysts may be used to enhance the process of extraction. The processed material is then removed from the chamber. Carbon and water may be recycled. The carbon may be used as fuel by the ship. Water may also be used by the ship or returned to the ocean in a non-toxic condition.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

Method For The Production Of Synthesis Gas

Disclosed is a process for the production of synthesis gas by plasma gasification of solid and/or liquid carbon-containing or hydrocarbon-containing material comprising the steps: (i) providing a solid and/or liquid feedstock comprising particulate carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material or a mixture of both, (ii) providing a carrier gas and combining this with the solid or liquid feedstock, (iii) feeding said solid or liquid feedstock and said carrier gas as a feed stream into a reactor comprising a reaction chamber or into a vaporizer which is arranged upstream to said reactor, (iv) introducing a swirl gas into the reactor which swirls around the feed stream and covers the interior walls of the reactor, (v) treating said feed stream downstream the introduction of the swirl gas into the reactor with a hot plasma to generate a product stream comprising synthesis gas from said carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material in the reaction chamber, (vi) removing the product stream from the reaction chamber, and (vii) separating the solid ingredients from the gaseous ingredients of the product stream. 1. A process for the production of synthesis gas by plasma gasification of solid and/or liquid carbon-containing or hydrocarbon-containing material comprising the steps:(i) providing a solid and/or liquid feedstock comprising particulate carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material or a mixture of both,(ii) providing a carrier gas and combining the carrier gas with the solid and/or liquid feedstock,(iii) feeding the solid and/or liquid feedstock and the carrier gas as a feed stream into a reactor comprising a reaction chamber or into a vaporizer which is arranged upstream to the said-reactor,(iv) introducing a swirl gas into the reactor which swirls around the feed stream and covers the interior walls of the reactor,(v) treating the feed stream downstream the introduction of the swirl gas into the reactor with a hot plasma to generate a product stream comprising synthesis ...

Integrated method and integrated device for heavy oil contact lightening and coke gasification

An integrated method and an integrated device for heavy oil contact lightening and coke gasification are provided. The integrated method uses a coupled reactor including a cracking section and a gasification section, and the integrated method includes: feeding a heavy oil material into the cracking section to implement a cracking reaction, to obtain a light oil gas and a carbon-deposited contact agent; passing the carbon-deposited contact agent into the gasification section, so as to implement a gasification reaction, to obtain a regenerated contact agent and a syngas; and discharging the light oil gas and the ascended and incorporated syngas from the cracking section, to perform a gas-solid separation, so that the carbon-deposited contact agent carried is separated and returned to the cracking section, and a purified oil gas is obtained at the same time.

Method Of Gasification Of Waste, In Particular Household Waste And The Apparatus For Performing Such A Method

A system and process for the gasification of waste, particularly household waste, in an apparatus comprising a gasification system for waste treatment and gasifier. 1. A process for the gasification of waste , particularly household waste , in an apparatus comprising a gasification system for waste treatment and gas generator , comprising the following successive steps:(a) start-up,(b) loading of waste into the waste processing,(c) processing waste, starting from step (c1) shredding the waste in a system for processing waste,(d) passing treated waste from the processing of waste to the gasifier,(e) producing synthesis gas in the gasifier,(f) producing electricity and/or heat from the synthesis gas,characterised in that (c2) drying the waste,', '(c3) granulation of the dried waste obtained from step (c2),', '(c4) compression of the granulate produced in step (c3)', 'wherein step (d) is passing compressed granules of step (c4) to step (e), the interval between steps (c1)-(c4) and step (e) may be any, and excess unused energy produced in step (f) is stored., 'step (c) comprises a sequence of steps'}2. Method according to claim 1 , characterised in that the waste disposed includes wood claim 1 , paper claim 1 , cardboard claim 1 , plastics claim 1 , organic matter claim 1 , in particular food.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterised in that after the execution of step (e) claim 1 , the transfer of the produced syngas for power generation plants and/or heat claim 1 , preferably a power generator and/or boiler.4. Method according to claim 1 , characterised in that after the performance of step (f) the device is switched off.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterised in that the residue from step (e) as a solid claim 1 , in particular ash claim 1 , and gaseous is discharged outside the system by a dedicated ventilation system.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterised in that the unused excess energy produced in step (f) is stored in at least one battery ...

GASIFICATION OF DENSIFIED TEXTILES AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Densified textile aggregates are co-fed with a fuel into a partial oxidation gasifier. High solids concentrations in the feedstock composition can be obtained without significant impact on the feedstock composition stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced, including generation of carbon dioxide and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of fluidized bed or fixed bed waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The syngas quality, composition, and throughput are suitable for produce a wide range of chemicals.

CONTINUOUSLY OPERABLE MECHANICAL OR ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE FUELED BY GAS OR SOLID FUEL INCLUDING GAS FROM IMPROVED BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER

The invention includes a downdraft gasifier having a rotatable auger/grate extending through its reduction zone. The auger at times moves biofuel through the gasifier and at times supports it in the gasifier. A frusto-conical biomass grate funnels biomass onto the auger and is perforate for permitting the passage of gases while retaining the biomass. A guide tube surrounds the auger below the frusto-conical biomass grate. The invention also includes mixing gas or solid particulate fuel in a conduit segment that houses a mixing chamber. Fuel is fed through a fuel inlet port into the mixing chamber. High velocity combustion air from a blower is forced into the mixing chamber through a restricted orifice that generates a suction pressure for drawing gas or solid particulate fuel into the mixing chamber. A combustion chamber supply conduit delivers fuel from the mixing chamber into a burner. 1. A downdraft gasifier having a fire tube surrounding a gasifier working chamber , a grate within the gasifier working chamber for supporting burning biomass and a fuel gas outlet , the gasifier working chamber including a combustion zone above a reduction zone , the grate of the downdraft gasifier further comprising:an auger extending through a portion of the gasifier working chamber and comprising an auger screw connected to a central auger shaft having a central axis of rotation, an upper end of the auger screw positioned in a region between the combustion zone and the reduction zone, the auger screw extending from its upper end downward into the reduction zone.2. A downdraft gasifier in accordance with and further comprising:(a) a frusto-conical biomass grate in the gasifier working chamber at the combustion zone and arranged for funneling biomass onto the auger screw, the frusto-conical biomass grate being perforated for permitting the passage of gases while retaining the biomass; and(b) a guide tube surrounding the auger screw and having an open upper end in registration with ...

Carbon-containing material gasification system, and method for setting ratio of distributing oxidizing agent

A carbon-containing material gasification system includes: a gasifier that includes a combustion stage and a gasification stage, and generates generated gas; char providing means that separates char from the generated gas, and provides the combustion stage with the char, the combustion stage including carbon-containing material combustion means and char combustion means; and distributing ratio setting means that sets, according to a ratio of distributing material defined in Expression [ 1 ], a ratio of distributing oxidizing agent defined in Expression [ 2 ] to be smaller as the ratio of distributing material increases. (ratio of distributing material)=(providing amount of the carbon-containing material for gasification stage)/(total providing amount of the carbon-containing material to gasifier)  [1] (ratio of distributing oxidizing agent)=(providing amount of the oxidizing agent to oxidize carbon-containing material for the combustion stage)/(total providing amount of the oxidizing agent to the combustion stage)  [2]

PYROLYSIS OIL AND OTHER COMBUSTIBLE COMPOSITIONS FROM MICROBIAL BIOMASS

Oleaginous microbial biomass is subjected to pyrolysis to make microbial pyrolysis oil for use as a fuel or is otherwise formed into combustible products for the generation of heat and/or light. 1. A gasification method employing biomass from an oleaginous microbe as a feedstock , wherein said biomass comprises spent microbial biomass , less than about 20% protein by dry cell weight , and about 1-20% lipid by dry cell weight , said method comprising the steps of heating said biomass at a temperature of from about 200 to 1400 degrees C. in an atmosphere containing less than 3% V/V oxygen to produce a gas containing a mixture of hydrocarbons.2. The method of comprising the additional step of cooling said gas to form a pyrolysis oil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas produced or an oil produced from the gas is used as an energy source in the gasification of additional biomass.4. (canceled)5. A burnable torrefied composition comprising biomass from an oleaginous microbe produced by a method comprising the steps of: (1) heating said biomass under substantially oxygen free conditions at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 280° C.; (2) maintaining said heating step for a period of from about 0.25 hours to about 10 hours; (3) cooling the heated product; and (4) recovering the burnable torrefied composition.6. A solid claim 1 , non-torrefied burnable fuel composition comprising combustible biomass from an oleaginous microbe shaped into a log or pellet suitable for burning in a fireplace claim 1 , stove claim 1 , oven claim 1 , or furnace.7. The composition of that further comprises a combustible binder or a crackling additive or both.8. The composition of any of claim 5 , wherein the biomass is spent microbial biomass.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein said biomass makes up by weight from about 5% to about 100% of said burnable composition.10. The composition of claim 5 , wherein said composition further comprises non-microbial cellulosic or ...

Gasification of Torrefied Textiles and Fossil Fuels

Torrefied textiles can be gasified to produce a syngas suitable for making chemicals. Gasifying torrefied textile can generate a consistent quality of syngas and a hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio closer to that of coal relative to gasifying textiles. A variety of chemical compounds, reactants, polymers, fibers, and textiles can now be made utilizing syngas made by gasifying torrefied textiles. 1. (canceled)2. A process of making a torrefied textile derived polymer reactant , comprising making a torrefied textile derived syngas , and reacting said torrefied textile derived syngas to make a chemical or a torrefied textile derived polymer reactant optionally through one or more torrefied textile derived chemical intermediates.374-. (canceled)75. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reaction scheme to produce the polymer reactant comprises one or more of the following reactions: (1) converting said torrefied textile derived syngas to methanol; (2) reacting said methanol to produce acetic acid; (3) reacting said methanol and/or said acetic acid to produce methyl acetate; and (4) reacting said methyl acetate and/or said methanol to produce acetic anhydride.76. The process of claim 2 , wherein the polymer reactant comprises adipic acid made by carbonylation of butadiene with a torrefied textile derived syngas.77. The process of claim 2 , wherein adipic acid is reacted to make nylon 6 claim 2 ,6.78. A process for the production of syngas comprising:a. charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition to a gasification zone within a gasifier, said feedstock composition comprising torrefied textiles, andb. gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in a gasification zone to produce a torrefied textile derived syngas composition; andc. discharging at least a portion of the torrefied textile derived syngas composition from the gasifier.79. The process of claim 78 , comprising:a. providing a first textile, andb. torrefying said textile to make a torrefied textile ...

FEED LOCATION FOR GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. A syngas composition can be made by charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition comprising recycle plastics and a solid fossil fuel to a gasification zone within a gasifier; gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in said gasification zone to produce said syngas composition; and discharging at least a portion of said syngas composition from said gasifier; wherein the recycled plastics are added to a feed point comprising a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder after the solid fossil fuel is loaded on the belt, a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder before the solid fossil fuel is loaded onto the belt, or a solid fossil fuel slurry storage tank containing a slurry of said solid fossil fuel ground to a size as the size fed to the gasification zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gasifier is an entrained flow slagging gasifier.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a solid fossil fuel grinder or to a belt containing a fossil fuel feeding the grinder.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to the solid fossil fuel in a low-pressure section that has a lower pressure that the pressure within the gasifier.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a feed belt.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are deposited onto a belt before solid fossil fuel is added onto the belt.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid fossil fuel is on top of the recycle plastics on the belt.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a coal feed belt.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a grinding mill containing coal and water.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a slurry ...

GASIFICATION OF DENSIFIED TEXTILES AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS TO PRODUCE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Densified textile aggregates are co-fed with a fuel into a partial oxidation gasifier. High solids concentrations in the feedstock composition can be obtained without significant impact on the feedstock composition stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced, including generation of carbon dioxide and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of fluidized bed or fixed bed waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The syngas quality, composition, and throughput are suitable for produce a wide range of chemicals. 4. A feedstock composition according to comprising densified textiles claim 1 , a solid fossil fuel claim 1 , and water claim 1 , wherein the densified textiles have a particle size of not more than 2 mm claim 1 , and the solid fossil fuel in the feedstock composition has a particle size of less than 2 mm claim 1 , the solids content in the slurry is at least 62 wt. % claim 1 , the amount of densified textiles present in the feedstock stream slurry composition is 0.1 wt. % to less than 5 wt. % based on the weight of all solids claim 1 , and the water is at least 20 wt. % based on the weight of the feedstock slurry composition claim 1 , and wherein either:a. the slurry is stable as determined by having an initial viscosity of 100,000 cP or less at 5 minutes, or 10 minutes, or 15 minutes, or 20 minutes, or 25 minutes, or even for 30 minutes using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1.83/s or a Brookfield viscometer with an LV-2 spindle rotating at a rate of 0.5 rpm, measured at ambient conditions; orb. the slurry is pumpable as determined by having a viscosity of less than 30,000 cP, or not more than 18,000 cP after mixing to obtain a homogeneous distribution of solids throughout the slurry and using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1. ...

PROCESS

The present invention provides a process for obtaining solid recovered fuel and synthesis gas from a waste-based feedstock, comprising the steps of: 2. The process of wherein said data includes information concerning the chemical composition claim 1 , pressure and/or temperature of the synthesis gas during operation of the process.3. The process according to wherein the synthesis gas is analysed to determine one or more of H:CO ratio claim 2 , C/Cratio claim 2 , moisture content claim 2 , wt. % of chlorides claim 2 , and wt. % of inerts.4. The process according to wherein the solid recovered fuel is analysed to determine one or more of average particle size claim 1 , average volume claim 1 , moisture content claim 1 , calorific value claim 1 , wt. % of chlorides claim 1 , wt. % of sulphur claim 1 , biogenic content claim 1 , chemical composition claim 1 , grit content claim 1 , glass content and inert content.5. The process according to wherein the by-product(s) of the gasification are analysed to determine tramp material mass flow.6. The process according to wherein the wastewater is analysed to determine wt. % of chlorides claim 1 , and/or total flow of chlorides.7. The process according to wherein the parameters of step I) comprise:a) providing a feedstock which comprises a fine feed, a small feed, a main feed, and a coarse feed;b) shredding the feedstock to a first size;c) subjecting the feedstock to a first screening, which separates the fine feed, small feed and main feed from the coarse feed;d) subjecting the fine feed, small feed and main feed to a second screening, which separates the fine feed, the small feed, and the main feed;e) subjecting the coarse feed to a third screening, which separates the coarse feed into a light coarse feed, a medium coarse feed, and a heavy coarse feed;f) conveying one or more of the small feed, the main feed, the light coarse feed, and/or the medium coarse feed over one or more magnets to remove ferrous and/or non-ferrous ...

BIOMASS HIGH EFFICIENCY HYDROTHERMAL REFORMER

A mixing apparatus for producing a feedstock for a reformer, the mixing apparatus including at least one mixing vessel comprising a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom; a steam inlet configured for introducing steam into the conical bottom; a carbonaceous material inlet configured for introducing a carbonaceous feed into the cylindrical vessel; and an outlet for a reformer feedstock comprising at least 0.3 pounds of steam per pound of carbonaceous material, with the at least one mixing vessel configured for operation at a pressure of greater than about 10 psig. 1. A method of producing synthesis gas , the method comprising:mixing a carbonaceous feed comprising at least one carbonaceous material with superheated steam to produce a reformer feedstock; andreforming the reformer feedstock to produce a first synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, and carbon monoxide by introducing the reformer feedstock into a plurality of coiled tubes within a reformer at a reformer temperature and a reformer pressure at which at least a portion of the reformer feedstock is converted to synthesis gas.2. The method of wherein the reformer feedstock comprises less than or equal to about 1 lb of superheated steam per pound of carbonaceous material.3. The method of wherein the carbonaceous feed comprises primarily biomass.4. The method of wherein the carbonaceous feed further comprises a mixture of spent catalyst and liquid Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons produced as a byproduct of downstream conversion of the synthesis gas to Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons.5. The method of wherein each of the plurality of coiled tubes has a height in the range of from about 40 feet to about 100 feet and a coil length that is at least four times the vertical height.6. The method of wherein each of the plurality of coiled tubes has a coil length in the range of from about 400 feet to about 900 feet.7. The method of further comprising maintaining the reformer temperature via combustion of a fuel.8. The method of ...

FUEL SLURRY HEATING SYSTEM AND METHOD

The disclosed embodiments relate to systems and methods for heating a slurry to increase a solids concentration of the slurry while maintaining the viscosity of the slurry below a threshold viscosity. For example, in one embodiment, a system includes a fuel slurry preparation system having a slurry tank configured to hold a fuel slurry, the fuel slurry having a solid fuel and a liquid. The fuel slurry preparation system also includes a heat source and a controller configured to control the heat source to heat the fuel slurry to decrease a viscosity of the slurry below a threshold viscosity. 1. A method for generating a fuel slurry for a gasification process , comprising:monitoring one or more parameters of the fuel slurry in a vessel with a controller, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a viscosity of the fuel slurry and a solids concentration of the fuel slurry, and the fuel slurry comprises a solid fuel and a liquid; andmaintaining the fuel slurry below an upper viscosity threshold by heating the fuel slurry in the vessel, wherein the upper viscosity threshold is at a transition between a pumpable viscosity and an unpumpable viscosity of the fuel slurry by a slurry pump configured to pump the fuel slurry.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising removing a portion of the liquid from the fuel slurry to increase the solids concentration of the fuel slurry after heating the fuel slurry.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein removing the portion of the liquid from the fuel slurry comprises removing the portion of the liquid from the fuel slurry via a liquid removal unit disposed downstream of the vessel.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding additional fuel to the fuel slurry to increase the solids concentration of the fuel slurry after heating the fuel slurry.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein adding the additional fuel to the fuel slurry comprises adding the additional fuel to the fuel slurry via a fuel supply unit disposed downstream of the vessel.6. The ...

SYSTEM FOR FORMING A SOLID FUEL COMPOSITION FROM MIXED SOLID WASTE

Systems and methods of producing a solid fuel composition are disclosed. In particular, systems and methods for producing a solid fuel composition by heating and mixing a solid waste mixture below atmospheric pressure to a maximum temperature sufficient to melt the mixed plastics within the solid waste mixture is disclosed. 1. A system for producing a solid fuel composition from a solid waste mixture without the formation of syngas , the system comprising:a process vessel, comprising one or more heated walls maintained at a wall temperature, a mixer in the interior volume of the process vessel and operatively connected to the process vessel, an extruding element passing through a first opening in the process vessel and operating below about 200° C., and a vacuum port passing through a second opening in the process vessel;a heater operatively coupled to the process vessel to heat the one or more heated walls of the process vessel to a temperature ranging from about 160° C. to about 280° C.;a condenser comprising an upper port, a lower port below the upper port, a condensate basin below the lower port, and a drain in the condensate basin, the condenser operatively coupled to the vacuum port of the process vessel via the upper port of the condenser;a vacuum pump operatively coupled to the condenser via the lower port of the condenser to reduce the pressure of the interior volume of the process vessel and the condenser to less than about 50 torr; anda control panel operatively connected to the mixer, the heater, and the vacuum pump to adjust the interior volume to a first temperature to vaporize compounds in a solid waste mixture comprising mixed plastics, to adjust the interior volume to a first pressure to remove the vaporized compounds from the solid waste mixture, and to adjust the interior volume to a second temperature between about 160° C. and about 260° C. and to a second pressure of less than about 50 torr while the mixer is in operation in order to melt the ...

Process for forming a solid fuel composition from mixed solid waste

Systems and methods of producing a solid fuel composition are disclosed. In particular, systems and methods for producing a solid fuel composition by heating and mixing a solid waste mixture below atmospheric pressure to a maximum temperature sufficient to melt the mixed plastics within the solid waste mixture is disclosed.

Gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device

The device herein described includes: a feeder for feeding wet crushed coal from an upper feed nozzle ( 1 ) into two branches ( 1 a and 1 b ) provided with suitable mills; an element for mixing/distributing screened coal ( 2 ), located downstream of the nozzle ( 1 ); a gasification chamber ( 3 ) located downstream of the aforementioned element ( 2 ) where the screened material is oxidised by means of the supply of oxygen at approximately 1,800° C.-1,900° C., said chamber ( 3 ) being divided into two sub-chambers by a gas diffusion membrane; a cyclone separator ( 4 ) located downstream of the chamber ( 3 ), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas; an essentially pyrolytic chamber ( 5 ) where the solids carried from the cyclone separator ( 4 ) are pyrolysed, the residual gases being fed back into the chamber ( 3 ); and a sawtooth screen ( 6 ) which collects the solid waste, storing same as slag in a storage element ( 7 ).

Biomass gasifier device

A gasification apparatus can produce hydrogen-containing gas from biomass with high thermal efficiency at low costs without severe trouble caused by tar generated by pyrolyzing the biomass, while maximizing the gasification rate of the tar. The gasification apparatus includes a biomass pyrolyzing zone for heating biomass in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a gas reforming zone for heating the resulting pyrolyzed gas in the presence of steam. A plurality of preheated granules and/or lumps is moved from the gas reforming zone to the biomass pyrolyzing zone, the apparatus reforms the gas generated by pyrolyzing the biomass and pyrolyzes the biomass, using the heat of the granules and/or lumps. The biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone is provided in a single vessel, and at least one partitioning plate is provided between the biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone.

GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. High solids concentrations in the feedstock stream can be obtained without significant impact on the feedstock stream stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced, including generation of carbon dioxide and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of fluidized bed or fixed bed waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The subsequent syngas produced from this material can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals. 19-. (canceled)10. A feedstock slurry composition comprising recycle plastics , a solid fossil fuel , and water , wherein the recycle plastics have a particle size of not more than 2 mm , and the solid fossil fuel in the feedstock composition has a particle size of less than 2 mm , the solids content in the slurry is at least 62 wt. % , the amount of recycle plastics present in the feedstock stream slurry composition is 0.1 wt. % and up to 25 wt. % based on the weight of all solids , and the water is at least 20 wt. % based on the weight of the feedstock slurry composition , and wherein either:a. the slurry is stable as determined by having an initial viscosity of 100,000 cP or less at 5 minutes using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1.83/s or a Brookfield viscometer with an LV-2 spindle rotating at a rate of 0.5 rpm, measured at ambient conditions; orb. the slurry is pumpable as determined by having a viscosity of less than 30,000 cP after mixing to obtain a homogeneous distribution of solids throughout the slurry and using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1.83/s or a Brookfield viscometer with an LV-2 spindle rotating at a rate of 0.5 measured at ambient conditions, orc. both.11. ...

MECHANICAL POWER SOURCE WITH BURNER

The invention includes mixing gas or solid particulate fuel in a conduit segment that houses a mixing chamber. Fuel is fed through a fuel inlet port into the mixing chamber. High velocity combustion air from a blower is forced into the mixing chamber through a restricted orifice that generates a suction pressure for drawing gas or solid particulate fuel into the mixing chamber. A combustion chamber supply conduit delivers fuel from the mixing chamber into a burner. 1. A mechanical power source comprising a burner with a combustion chamber , the mechanical power source further comprising:(a) a conduit segment housing a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet port, a combustion air inlet port and a combustion chamber outlet port;(b) a fuel supply having an outlet connected to the fuel inlet port of the mixing chamber for injecting fuel into the mixing chamber at a fuel supply pressure;(c) a combustion air supply including a blower connected to deliver air at super-atmospheric pressure into the mixing chamber, the combustion air supply connected to the air inlet port of the mixing chamber through a restricted orifice adjacent the mixing chamber for generating a pressure in the mixing chamber less than the fuel supply pressure; and(d) a combustion chamber supply conduit having an inlet end connected to the combustion chamber outlet port and extending into the combustion chamber.2. A mechanical power source in accordance with wherein the air inlet port and the combustion chamber outlet port have aligned central axes that are transverse to a central axis of the fuel inlet port.3. A mechanical power source in accordance with wherein the power source includes an external combustion engine having said combustion chamber adjacent a heat accepting component of the external combustion engine claim 2 , the burner having a circular cross section and the combustion chamber supply conduit is aligned parallel to a tangent of the circular cross section and has an outlet spaced from the ...

Cellulosic biomass processing for hydorgen extraction

Methods are disclosed for extracting hydrogen from a biomass compound comprising carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The biomass may include cellulose, lignin, and/or hemicellulose. Water is combined with the compound to produce a wet form of the compound. The wet form of the compound is transferred into a reaction processing chamber. The wet form of the compound is heated within the reaction chamber such that elements of the compound dissociate and react, with one reaction product comprising hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is processed to generate electrical power.

Modularized system and method for urea production using a bio-mass feedstock

A modular system and method for producing urea from bio-mass includes means and steps for “homogenizing” a biomass feedstock stream having components with different bulk density BTU content into a stream having a consistent bulk density BTU content. The steps include cleaning the incoming bio-mass feedstock stream to remove non-organic matter, blending the cleaned bio-mass feedstock stream to obtain a homogeneous blend having a consistent bulk density BTU content, and milling the homogeneous blend bio-mass feedstock stream to a predetermined size no greater than 12 mm.

Device for preparing the fuel gas used for power generation and a method for preparation of fuel gas

The present disclosure provides methods and devices for preparing the fuel gas used. A device may include a furnace body, a tower type synchronous roller extruding machine with a circular ladder groove mold that is mounted at the upper end of the furnace body. The tower type synchronous roller extruding machine is provided with a bucket, the bucket is in airtight connection with the furnace body, and a first transmission shaft is mounted in the bucket. At least two tower type synchronous rollers are mounted on the first transmission shaft, and the tower type synchronous rollers are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first transmission shaft. 1. A device for preparing fuel gas used , comprising:a furnace body;a tower type synchronous roller extruding machine with a circular ladder groove mold, wherein the tower type synchronous roller extruding machine is mounted at a upper end of the furnace body and is provided with a bucket, the bucket is in airtight connection with the furnace body;a first transmission shaft that is mounted in the bucket, wherein at least two tower type synchronous rollers are mounted on the first transmission shaft, and the tower type synchronous rollers are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first transmission shaft;a circular ladder groove mold mounted in the bucket at a lower part of the tower type synchronous roller;an annular groove provided at the circular ladder groove mold;a die hole provided in the annular groove;a through hole provided in a middle part of the circular ladder groove mold, wherein a upper end of the bucket is set as a feed inlet, a lower end of the bucket is used as an opening located in a gas producer furnace;a grate installed at the lower part of a gas producer furnace body, wherein the grate is connected with a second transmission shaft;a slagging pipe mounted one side at a bottom end of furnace body;an air inlet hole provided in the second transmission shaft, wherein the air inlet hole is ...

METHOD TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF REMOVAL OF LIQUID WATER FROM SOLID BULK FUEL MATERIALS

The invention provides methods to efficiently reduce the water concentration of raw solid fuels, including low rank coals such as brown coal, lignite, subbituminous coal, and other carbonaceous solids. Efficiently drying these materials at low temperatures significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and allows the production of low-rank coals for gasification and liquifaction. 1. A method of treating a solid carbonaceous material comprising:{'sup': '2', 'compacting a solid carbonaceous material under a force of at least about 5000 lb/into form a compacted carbonaceous material; and,'}contacting the compacted carbonaceous material with a working fluid, wherein the working fluid causes evaporative drying of the compacted carbonaceous material to form a dried carbonaceous material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of brown coal claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , subbituminous coal and mixtures of these materials.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a top size between about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a moisture content between about 15 weight percent and about 65 weight percent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a temperature between about 17° C. and about 66° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the force is between about 5000 lb/inand about 50000 lb/in.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated air claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , inert gas claim 1 , flue gas claim 1 , superheated steam and mixtures of these fluids.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting comprises applying the working fluid to the compacted carbonaceous material in at least one of a stockpile of the compacted carbonaceous material and a rotary dryer containing the carbonaceous material.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting ...

Radiant heat tube chemical reactor

A radiant heat-driven chemical reactor comprising a generally cylindrical pressure refractory lined vessel, a plurality of radiant heating tubes, and a metal tube sheet to form a seal for the pressure refractory lined vessel near a top end of the pressure refractory lined vessel. The metal tube sheet has a plurality of injection ports extending vertically through the metal tube sheet and into the refractory lined vessel such that biomass is injected at an upper end of the vessel between the radiant heating tubes, and the radiant heat is supplied to an interior of the plurality of radiant heating tubes. The radiant heat-driven chemical reactor is configured to 1) gasify particles of biomass in a presence of steam (H2O) to produce a low CO2 synthesis gas that includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas, or 2) reform natural gas in a non-catalytic reformation reaction, using thermal energy from the radiant heat.

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods before gasification

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass is discussed. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

COMBUSTOR-INDEPENDENT FLUIDIZED BED INDIRECT GASIFICATION SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a combustor-independent fluidized bed indirect gasification system for technology for obtaining high quality synthetic gas through effective indirect gasification of low quality fuels, such as biomass/waste/coal, having various properties, and provides a combustor-independent fluidized bed indirect gasification system comprising: a pre-processor having a sorter a gasifier to which a first fuel sorted in the pre-processor is supplied; a combustor to which a second fuel sorted in the pre-processor is supplied; and a riser connecting the gasifier and the combustor and having functions of increasing the temperature of a bed material and transferring the bed material therein. 1. A combustor-independent fluidized bed indirect gasification system , comprising:a pre-processor having a sorter;a gasifier to which a first fuel sorted in the pre-processor is supplied;a combustor to which a second fuel sorted in the pre-processor is supplied; anda riser which connects the gasifier and the combustor and has functions of increasing the temperature of a bed material and transferring the bed material.2. The combustor-independent fluidized bed indirect gasification system of claim 1 , wherein a dispersion section is provided between the riser and the combustor.3. The combustor-independent fluidized bed indirect gasification system of claim 1 , further comprising a transfer unit claim 1 , which connects the gasifier and the combustor and transfers incombustibles and unreacted char accumulated in the gasifier to the combustor.4. The combustor-independent fluidized bed indirect gasification system of claim 1 , comprising:a first hollow passage which is connected between a lower part of the riser and the gasifier at a location higher than the lower part of the riser; anda second hollow passage which is connected between a lower part of the gasifier and the riser at a location higher than the lower part of the gasifier.5. The combustor-independent ...

METHOD TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF REMOVAL OF LIQUID WATER FROM SOLID BULK FUEL MATERIALS

The invention provides methods to efficiently reduce the water concentration of raw solid fuels, including low rank coals such as brown coal, lignite, subbituminous coal, and other carbonaceous solids. Efficiently drying these materials at low temperatures significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and allows the production of low-rank coals for gasification and liquifaction. 1. A method of treating a solid carbonaceous material comprising:{'sup': '2', 'compacting a solid carbonaceous material under a force of at least about 5000 lb/into form a compacted carbonaceous material; and,'}contacting the compacted carbonaceous material with a working fluid, wherein the working fluid causes evaporative drying of the compacted carbonaceous material to form a dried carbonaceous material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of brown coal claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , subbituminous coal and mixtures of these materials.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a top size between about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a moisture content between about 15 weight percent and about 65 weight percent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a temperature between about 17° C. and about 66° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the force is between about 5000 lb/inand about 50000 lb/in.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated air claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , inert gas claim 1 , flue gas claim 1 , superheated steam and mixtures of these fluids.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting comprises applying the working fluid to the compacted carbonaceous material in at least one of a stockpile of the compacted carbonaceous material and a rotary dryer containing the carbonaceous material.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting ...

INTEGRATED RESID DEASPHALTING AND GASIFICATION

Systems and methods are provided for integration of use deasphalted resid as a feed for fuels and/or lubricant base stock production with use of the corresponding deasphalter rock for gasification to generate hydrogen and/or fuel for the fuels and/or lubricant production process. The integration can include using hydrogen generated during gasification as a fuel to provide heat for solvent processing and/or using the hydrogen for hydroprocessing of deasphalted oil. 1. A method for hydroprocessing deasphalted oil , comprising:performing solvent deasphalting under effective solvent deasphalting conditions on a feedstock having a T5 boiling point of at least about 400° C. to form a first fraction comprising deasphalted oil and a solvent and a second fraction comprising deasphalter rock and the solvent, the effective solvent deasphalting conditions producing a yield of deasphalted oil of at least about 50 wt % of the feedstock;{'sub': '2', 'recovering solvent from at least one of the first fraction and the second fraction, the recovering comprising generating heat for the recovering by combustion of a solvent recovery fuel comprising H;'}gasifying at least a portion of the deasphalter rock to form synthesis gas, the solvent recovery fuel comprising at least a portion of the synthesis gas;desulfurizing at least a portion of the synthesis gas;{'sub': '2', 'separating at least a portion of the desulfurized synthesis gas to form an H-enriched stream; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'hydroprocessing at least a portion of the deasphalted oil under first effective hydroprocessing conditions in the presence of an H-containing gas to form a hydroprocessed effluent comprising a sulfur content of 500 wppm or less, the H-containing gas comprising at least a portion of the H-enriched stream.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combusting at least a portion of the synthesis gas claim 1 , the H-enriched stream claim 1 , or a combination thereof in a combustion zone of a gas ...

Methods and system for decreasing gas emissions from landfills

A method of diverting municipal solid waste (MSW) from a landfill that includes receiving, at a MSW processing system, a quantity of MSW, gasifying the quantity of MSW in a gasification unit to yield a syngas stream and biochar stream, converting at least a portion of the syngas to mixed alcohols in an alcohol synthesis unit, separating the mixed alcohols into one or more alcohol products, and determining a carbon offset for diverting the MSW from the landfill to the MSW processing system.

ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCK

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. 176-. (canceled)78. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a moisture content of between about 1 wt. % and about 30 wt. %.79. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a sulfur content of less than about 2 wt. %.80. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a chlorine content of less than about 1 wt. %.81. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a HHV of between about 5 claim 77 ,000 BTU/lb and about 15 claim 77 ,000 BTU/lb.82. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a volatile matter content of about 40 wt. % to about 80 wt. %.83. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has an ash content of less than about 10 wt. %.84. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock is comminuted.85. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock is densified.86. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 85 , wherein the densified feed stock is in the form of a pellet.88. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 87 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a moisture content of between about 1 wt. % and about 30 wt. %.89. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 87 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a sulfur content of less than about 2 wt. %.90. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 87 , wherein the engineered fuel feed ...

Oil, method and apparatus

A thermolysis oil derived from textile is described. The oil comprises an N-heterocyclic aromatic compound and/or a substituted derivative thereof in an amount of at least 2 wt. %. Also described is a method of providing a thermolysis oil, a feeder ( 100 ) for an apparatus ( 1 ) for thermolysing a textile, an apparatus ( 1 ) for thermolysing a textile and a use of waste textile.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

Method and system for controlling a gasification or partial oxidation process

A method and system for controlling a fuel gasification system includes optimizing a conversion of solid components in the fuel to gaseous fuel components, controlling the flux of solids entrained in the product gas through equipment downstream of the gasifier, and maximizing the overall efficiencies of processes utilizing gasification. A combination of models, when utilized together, can be integrated with existing plant control systems and operating procedures and employed to develop new control systems and operating procedures. Such an approach is further applicable to gasification systems that utilize both dry feed and slurry feed.

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS FOR A FOSSIL-FUEL EXTRACTION SITE

There is disclosed a waste treatment process for a fossil-fuel extraction site (), comprising: processing extracted waste generated by a fossil-fuel extraction process to produce primary waste having a higher calorific value than the extracted waste; mixing the primary waste with secondary waste to generate pyrolysis feedstock, the secondary waste having a lower calorific value than the primary waste; pyrolysing the pyrolysis feedstock in a pyrolysis unit () to form pyrolysis char; and gasifying the pyrolysis char in a gasification unit () to form syngas and ash. 1. A waste treatment process comprising:processing extracted waste generated by a fossil-fuel extraction process to produce primary waste having a higher calorific value than said extracted waste;mixing said primary waste with secondary waste to generate pyrolysis feedstock, wherein said secondary waste has a lower calorific value than said primary waste;pyrolysing said pyrolysis feedstock in a pyrolysis unit to form pyrolysis char; andgasifying said pyrolysis char in a gasification unit to form syngas and ash.2. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said processing extracted waste comprises drying said extracted waste.3. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said primary waste has a calorific value of at least 30 MJ/kg.4. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said secondary waste has a calorific value less than or equal to 20 MJ/kg.5. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said fossil-fuel extraction process is selected from a group consisting of an oil extraction process and a gas extraction process.6. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said fossil-fuel extraction process is an enhanced oil recovery process claim 1 , and wherein said extracted waste comprises produced water from said enhanced oil recovery process.7. The waste treatment process of claim 6 , wherein said enhanced oil recovery process comprises a polymer flood claim 6 , and wherein ...

CO-GASIFICATION OF VACUUM GAS OIL (VGO) AND BIOMASS TO PRODUCE SYNGAS/HYDROGEN

The invention is directed to a co-gasification process that uses biomass and VGO as a feedstock to produce syngas which includes a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

METHOD FOR PROCESSING BIOMASS BY CO-GRINDING WITH A SECOND BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

The present invention concerns a process for the treatment of a feed comprising biomass, said process comprising at least the following steps: 1. A process for the treatment of a first solid biomass feed , said process comprising the following steps:a) a step for drying said feed at a temperature in the range 20° C. to 180° C. for a period in the range 5 to 180 minutes,b) a step for torrefaction of the dried feed obtained from step a) in order to produce at least one solid torrefied biomass effluent, andc) a step for co-grinding the solid torrefied solid biomass effluent obtained from step b) in the presence of a second biomass feed in order to obtain a powder,in which the second solid biomass feed entering the co-grinding step c) has a moisture content in the range 3.1% to 30% by weight.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a step d) for final drying of the powder obtained from step c) at a temperature in the range 100° C. to 300° C.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the drying step d) is carried out simultaneously with the co-grinding step c).4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the first and second solid biomass feed are selected from solid lignocellulosic biomass.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the first and second solid biomass feed are identical.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a step i) for pre-treatment of the first solid biomass feed claim 1 , preferably for primary grinding.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the torrefaction step b) is carried out at a temperature in the range 200° C. to 350° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range 220° C. to 340° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range 250° C. to 320° C. and more preferably in the range 270° C. to 300° C. claim 1 , for a period in the range 5 to 180 minutes claim 1 , and preferably in the range 15 to 60 minutes claim 1 , at an absolute operating pressure which is preferably in the range 0.01 to 1.5 MPa claim 1 , preferably in the ...

Pyrolysis Reactor System and Method

A system for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor for producing pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis feedstock to be pyrolyzed. An eductor condenser unit in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor is used to condense pyrolysis gases. The eductor condenser unit has an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis reactor The second flow path intersects the first flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid. The eductor body has a discharge to allow the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases to be discharged together from the eductor. A mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor to facilitates mixing of the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases, wherein at least a portion of the pyrolysis gases are condensed within the mixing chamber. 1. A system for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock comprising:a pyrolysis reactor for producing pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis feedstock to be pyrolyzed; and an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis reactor, the second flow path intersecting the first flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid, the eductor body having a discharge to allow the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases to be discharged together from the eductor; and', 'a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor to facilitate mixing of the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases wherein at least a portion of the pyrolysis gases are condensed within the mixing chamber., 'an eductor condenser unit in fluid ...

Radiant fountain architecture chemical reactor

A chemical plant includes a radiant heat-driven chemical reactor having generally concentric reactor tubes with an inner tube and an outer tube located inside a cavity of a thermal receiver. Particles of biomass, or natural gas, and an entrainment gas are fed into the inner tube near a bottom of the tube. The biomass and the entrainment gas flow upward through the inner tube into an upper plenum, and then flow downward through an annular space between the inner tube and the outer tube. The concentric reactor tubes and the thermal receiver are configured to cooperate such that heat is radiantly transferred by primarily absorption and re-radiation to drive the biomass gasification reaction or natural gas reformation reaction of reactants flowing through the reactor tubes in the vertical sections of the reactor, and turbulent flow and mixing of the reactants occurs in the upper plenum part of the reactor.

Oil Borne Preservative Removal By Torrefaction

A method for removing hazardous air pollutants and contaminants from a wood product is disclosed. In a first step, a contaminated wood product is placed in a treatment vessel. This wood product includes an initial amount of an absorbed contaminant, selected from the group consisting of creosote, a mixture of pentachlorophenol and a carrier oil, a mixture of copper naphthenate and a carrier oil, and combinations thereof In a second step, the wood product is heated to a treatment temperature sufficient to evaporate at least a portion of the absorbed contaminant from the wood product but insufficient to pyrolyze the wood product. The wood product is then maintained at the treatment temperature for a period of time sufficient to reduce the absorbed contaminant in the wood product to a final amount which is less than about 20% of the initial amount. Optionally, the desorbed wood may then be treated with a chemical to remove inorganic impurities that are detrimental during thermochemical conversion of biomass. A decontaminated wood product is also disclosed. 1. A method for removing contaminants from a wood product , comprising the steps of:placing a contaminated wood product in a treatment vessel, the wood product including an initial amount of an absorbed contaminant selected from the group consisting of creosote, a mixture of pentachlorophenol and a carrier oil, a mixture of copper naphthenate and a carrier oil, and combinations thereof;heating the wood product to a treatment temperature sufficient to evaporate at least a portion of the absorbed contaminant from the wood product but insufficient to pyrolyze the wood product; andmaintaining the wood product at the treatment temperature for a period of time sufficient to reduce the absorbed contaminant in the wood product to a final amount which is less than about 20% of the initial amount.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the final amount of absorbed contaminant in the wood product is less than about 10% of the initial ...

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

FEED LOCATION FOR GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. A syngas composition can be made by charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition comprising recycle plastics and a solid fossil fuel to a gasification zone within a gasifier; gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in said gasification zone to produce said syngas composition; and discharging at least a portion of said syngas composition from said gasifier; wherein the recycled plastics are added to a feed point comprising a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder after the solid fossil fuel is loaded on the belt, a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder before the solid fossil fuel is loaded onto the belt, or a solid fossil fuel slurry storage tank containing a slurry of said solid fossil fuel ground to a size as the size fed to the gasification zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gasifier is an entrained flow slagging gasifier.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a solid fossil fuel grinder or to a belt containing a fossil fuel feeding the grinder.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to the solid fossil fuel in a low-pressure section that has a lower pressure that the pressure within the gasifier.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a feed belt.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are deposited onto a belt before solid fossil fuel is added onto the belt.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid fossil fuel is on top of the recycle plastics on the belt.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a coal feed belt.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a grinding mill containing coal and water.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a slurry ...

GASIFICATION OF TIRES AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS IN A PERMITTED GASIFIER

Tires are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. High concentrations of solids and tires in the solids feedstock stream can be stably obtained without significant impact on the feedstock stream stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced while stably operating the gasifier while remaining within limits of an existing air permit on the gasifier. The subsequent syngas produced from this material can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals. 1. A gasification process comprising gasifying a feedstock stream comprising post-consumer tires and a solid fossil fuel in an existing gasifier for which one or more environmental air permits are granted before feeding said tires , at least one of said permits limiting the content of one or more gaseous compounds in all gases generated from the gasifier , wherein the gasification process is operated in a manner that does not require a new environmental air permit or an exception to an existing environmental permit for any gases generated from the gasifier.2. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous compound comprises sulfur containing compounds claim 1 , and the total sulfur content in the raw syngas stream discharged from the gasifier is 0.015 to 3.0 mole % based on total moles of the gases in the raw syngas stream.3. The gasifier of claim 2 , wherein the HS content in the raw syngas stream discharged from the gasifier is 0.05 to 1.5 mole % based on total moles of gases in the raw syngas stream.4. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the total sulfur content of the raw syngas stream discharged from the gasifier is within the limits established by an existing air permit on the gasifier.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is operated within the limits of operating rates set by any existing permit.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the tires are pre-ground prior to addition to the fossil fuel(s) to produce pre-ground tires claim 1 , ...

GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS TO PRODUCE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. High solids concentrations in the feedstock stream can be obtained without significant impact on the feedstock stream stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced, including generation of carbon dioxide and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of fluidized bed or fixed bed waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The subsequent syngas produced from this material can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals. 1. A process for the production of syngas comprising:a. charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition to a gasification zone within a gasifier, said feedstock composition comprising a solid fossil fuel and less than 5 wt. % plastics based on the weights of solids in the feedstock composition;b. gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in a gasification zone to produce a syngas composition; andc. discharging at least a portion of the syngas composition from the gasifier; and producing an organic compound from said syngas compositionwherein the gasifier is an entrained flow gasifier.4. The process according to wherein said organic compound comprises acetic acid claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , methyl acetate claim 1 , acetate claim 1 , acetic anhydride claim 1 , C2-05 oxygenated compounds claim 1 , formaldehyde claim 1 , dimethyl ether claim 1 , MTBE claim 1 , oxo products claim 1 , aldehydes claim 1 , or isobutene.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the feedstock is a slurry.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the amount of CO2 generated from a stream of plastics and solid fossil fuel (mixed stream) is no more than 25 of the amount of carbon dioxide generated from a fossil fuel only stream wherein the amount of plastics is replaced with the solid fossil fuel.7. ...

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A FEED CONTAINING BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS, BY FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

The present invention concerns an integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons starting from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed, said process comprising at least one pre-treatment step, a gasification step, a step for conditioning synthesis gas, a water scrubbing step, a step for eliminating acid gases, a final purification step, and a catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction step. 1. An integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed , said process comprising at least the following steps: a1) drying,', 'a2) torrefaction,', 'a4) grinding,, 'a) a step for pre-treatment of the biomass fraction and optionally of the other fraction or fractions, comprising at least one of the operations a1), a2), a4)b) an optional step for combining the pre-treated biomass fraction and the other fraction or fractions of the feed, which may or may not have been pre-treated,c) a step for gasification of the effluent obtained from step b) and/or of the pre-treated fraction obtained from step a) and optionally of at least one fraction of another feed introduced directly into the gasification step in an entrained flow reactor, a step d1) for scrubbing with water and for fractionating said synthesis gas into at least two effluents: a first portion and a complementary portion,', 'a step d2) for eliminating halogenated compounds by passing said first portion through at least one suitable guard bed,', 'a water gas shift step d3) carried out on the effluent obtained from step d2),', {'sub': 2', '3, 'a step d4) for catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN compounds contained in said complementary portion of the effluent obtained from step d1) into HS and NH,'}], 'd) a step for conditioning synthesis gas obtained from step c), comprisinge) a step for recombination of at least one fraction of ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS TO PRODUCE SYNGAS

A method for pressurized pyrolysis of biomass in a pressurized pyrolysis furnace, including: 1) crushing and screening biomass; collecting biomass having desired particle sizes; and delivering the biomass having desired particle sizes to a pulse-type feeding system; 2) transporting the biomass to a pyrolysis furnace via the pulse-type feeding system; synchronously initiating microwave and a plasma torch, the microwave producing a microwave field in the pyrolysis furnace, working gas of the plasma torch being ionized for the first time to produce plasma jet entering the pyrolysis furnace; and 3) allowing the syngas generated in 2) to continue moving upwards and introducing the syngas out from the top of the pyrolysis furnace; chilling the syngas; introducing the syngas to a cyclone separator to separate residues; and then cooling and purifying the syngas using a cooling device and a purifying device, respectively, to produce clean syngas. 1. A method for pressurized pyrolysis of biomass in a pressurized pyrolysis furnace , the method comprising:1) crushing and screening biomass; collecting biomass having desired particle sizes; and delivering the biomass having desired particle sizes to a pulse-type feeding system;2) transporting the biomass to a pyrolysis furnace via the pulse-type feeding system in a dense-phase static pressure mode in the presence of seal air; synchronously initiating microwave and a plasma torch, the microwave producing a microwave field in the pyrolysis furnace, working gas of the plasma torch being initially ionized to produce plasma jet entering the pyrolysis furnace;in the pyrolysis furnace, biomass particles absorbing microwave and being heated from outside to inside instantaneously, and then being activated; under the action of rising syngas and microwave energy, the biomass particles being dried instantaneously and pyrolyzed to yield syngas, small amount of ash residue and coke, the ash residue and the coke constituting a fixed bed layer ...

Method and apparatus for gasification

A gasification system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a feedstock and an oxidant to generate a producer gas, a steam generator configured to supply steam to the gasifier, and a combustion system configured to supply an exhaust gas to the steam generator to produce the steam. The system also includes an exhaust gas injection system located upstream of the gasifier and fluidly coupled to the gasifier. The exhaust gas injection system is configured to supply a portion of the exhaust gas from the combustion system to the gasifier.

FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS AND TRANSPORTATION FUELS

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

WTE-PROCESSES AND RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM

The present disclosure encompasses systems, machinery, and processes for handling municipal, solid waste mixtures through which this material is recycled into renewable energy. The system comprises three processes: a waste handling process, a recycling and transforming process that converts the waste into fuel, and an energy renewal process. The waste handling process includes collection, sorting, an sizing of the mixed waste; the recycling and transforming process converts collected material into RDF (refuse derived fuel) pellets, and the energy renewal process comprises decomposition of mixture rich in organic matter using biogas/anaerobic technology to collect methane gas and biogas residues, and gasification of the solid RDF pellets, converting them into renewable energy and synthetic carbon. 1. A system for processing waste mixtures comprising:(a) a waste handling process;(b) a recycling and transforming waste-into-fuels process to transform waste into fuel; and(c) an energy renewal process;wherein stages (a), (b), and (c) are carried out in a continuously flowing process;whereby at least a portion of the waste mixture is recycled and at least a portion of the waste mixture is transformed into renewable energy; andwherein said mixtures are homogeneous or heterogeneous unclassified waste mixtures.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the waste handling process (step (a)) comprises:(a) waste collection;(b) preliminary cut large size of waste into appropriate size for further processing;(c) cut-tear-and-beating the preliminary cut waste of step (b) into smaller pieces, and spreading the small pieces evenly on a conveyor;(d) removal of metal materials from waste;(e) removal of inorganic, nonflammable materials from the waste;(f) cutting waste a second time with a two-axis cutting device; and(g) collecting small and evenly desired size of waste.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein In the cut-tear-beat process (step (c)) comprises cutting claim 2 , tearing and breaking ...

System and method for gasification

A system includes a first reactor that may gasify a first feed to generate a first syngas. The first feed has a first particle size distribution (PSD 1 ). The system also includes a second reactor that may receive the first feed, a second feed, and at least a portion of the first syngas. The second reactor may gasify the second feed to generate additional syngas, and the second feed has a second particle size distribution (PSD 2 ) that is different from the first PSD. The second reactor includes an elutriation zone disposed on a first end of the second reactor. The elutriation zone may receive the first and second feed. The second reactor also includes a fluidized bed disposed at a second end of the second reactor that is substantially opposite the first end. The fluidized bed is fluidly coupled to the first reactor and may receive the portion of the first syngas via a syngas inlet. The system also includes a gas-solids separation section fluidly coupled to the first and second reactors. The gas-solids separation section may receive the first feed and partially reacted particles of the second feed from the elutriation zone and may feed a combined feed consisting of the first feed and the partially reacted particles of the second feed to the first reactor.

Method to improve the efficiency of removal of liquid water from solid bulk fuel materials

The invention provides methods to efficiently reduce the water concentration of raw solid fuels, including low rank coals such as brown coal, lignite, subbituminous coal, and other carbonaceous solids. Efficiently drying these materials at low temperatures significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and allows the production of low-rank coals for gasification and liquifaction.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials, the process comprising the steps of: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/921,536 filed Jul. 6, 2020, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,928 filed Jul. 1, 2019, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS now U.S. Pat. No. 10,704,002, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/682,368 filed Aug. 21, 2017, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

Carbonaceous-containing material including biomass, municipal solid waste, and/or coal and/or contaminated soil, and/or other carbonaceous materials may be gasified at low temperatures utilizing a reactor designed to generate shockwaves in a supersonic gaseous vortex. Preprocessed waste may be introduced into the reactor. A gas stream may be introduced substantially tangentially to an inner surface of a chamber of the reactor to generate a gaseous vortex rotating about a longitudinal axis within the chamber. The gas stream may be introduced using a nozzle that accelerates the gas stream to a supersonic velocity, and may impinge on an impactor positioned within the reactor chamber. A frequency of shockwaves emitted from the nozzle into the gaseous vortex may be controlled. The processed waste discharged from the reactor, which may include a gas component and at least a solid component, can be subjected to separation, and at least some of the gas component and at least one solid component (i.e., tars) may be fed back to the feeding device so that the solids from the processed waste condense on preprocessed waste contained in the feeding device and are reprocessed within the reactor. The gas component from the feeding device may be cleaned after the solids have been condensed out in the feeding device. 1. A system configured for carbonaceous-containing material gasification at low temperatures utilizing a reactor designed to generate shockwaves in a supersonic gaseous vortex , the system comprising:a feeding device configured to introduce carbonaceous-containing material into a higher-pressure region from a lower-pressure region; a chamber having an internal surface that is substantially axially symmetrical about a longitudinal axis;', 'a material inlet disposed at a first end of the chamber and configured to introduce carbonaceous-containing material into the chamber;', 'a gas inlet disposed proximate to the material inlet and arranged to introduce a gas stream ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING OIL SANDS

A method of processing oil sands material including bitumen. The method includes subjecting the oil sands material to a predistillation process. The predistillation process includes heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material, and heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The method also includes subjecting the coked oil sands material to gasification, to produce barren hot oil sands material, and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. 1. A method of processing oil sands material comprising bitumen , the method comprising: (i) heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material; and', '(ii) heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand; and, '(a) subjecting the oil sands material to a predistillation process comprising(b) subjecting the coked oil sands material to gasification, to produce barren hot oil sands material, and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases.2. A method according to additionally comprising:(c) refining the atmospheric gas oil to provide at least one of liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline; and(d) refining the vacuum gas oil to provide at least one of jet fuel, diesel fuel, and gas oil.3. A method according to in which the syngas is further subjected to at least one gas-to-liquid process to provide at least one of gasoline claim 1 , diesel fuel claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , and petrochemical feedstock.4. A ...

Gasification Combined Generation System Through Coal and Industrial Waste Water

The present invention relates to a gasification combined generation system including: a slurry mixer adapted to receive the coal and industrial waste water thereto and mix them to make a uniform-quality slurry; a slurry storage adapted to receive the uniform-quality slurry from the slurry mixer and store the slurry therein; a slurry pump adapted to convey the slurry from the slurry storage; a slurry gasifier adapted to gasify the slurry with at least one of oxygen and air as an oxidizer and produce gas and slag from the gasified slurry; a gas analyzer adapted to analyze the components of the gas discharged from the slurry gasifier; a gas purifier adapted to purify the discharged gas; a generator adapted to utilize the purified gas as a fuel to generate electricity; and a slag discharger adapted to discharge the slag therefrom. 1. A gasification combined generation system through coal and industrial waste water , the system comprising:{'b': '1', 'a slurry mixer adapted to receive the coal and industrial waste water thereto and mix them to make a uniform-quality slurry;'}{'b': 2', '1, 'a slurry storage adapted to receive the uniform-quality slurry from the slurry mixer and store the slurry therein;'}{'b': 3', '2, 'a slurry pump adapted to convey the slurry from the slurry storage ;'}{'b': '4', 'a slurry gasifier adapted to gasify the slurry with at least one of oxygen and air as an oxidizer and produce gas and slag from the gasified slurry;'}{'b': 5', '4, 'a gas analyzer adapted to analyze the components of the gas discharged from the slurry gasifier ;'}{'b': '6', 'a gas refinery adapted to purify the discharged gas;'}{'b': '7', 'a generator adapted to utilize the purified gas as a fuel to generate electricity; and'}a slag discharger adapted to discharge the slag therefrom.24. The gasification combined generation system according to claim 1 , wherein the slurry gasifier is a entrained flow coal water slurry gasifier.36. The gasification combined generation system ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FUEL AND BYPRODUCT FROM BIOMASS OR BIOMASS DERIVED MATERIAL

The present invention provides a process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material. The invention comprises providing a processed biomass feedstock and carrying out or causing one or more parties to subject the processed biomass feedstock to gasification to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen and cresylic acid and recovering the cresylic acid or a portion thereof. The processed biomass feedstock may be co-gasified with coal. The hydrogen from the gasification may be recovered or the carbon monoxide and hydrogen may be further reacted to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate. One or more products obtained from the process are provided, for use as, or to produce a transportation or heating fuel. The invention may allow for advantaged fuel credit generation. 1. A process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material , said process comprising the steps of:(i) providing a processed biomass feedstock for use in gasification; (a) subjecting the processed biomass feedstock to gasification to produce a product comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and cresylic acid, wherein the processed biomass feedstock is co-gasified with coal;', '(b) recovering the cresylic acid or a portion thereof;', '(c) recovering the hydrogen produced or derived from step (ii)(a) or further reacting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate;', '(d) providing one or more products obtained from step ii(c), for use as, or to produce a transportation or heating fuel; and', '(e) generating or causing generation of a renewable fuel credit., '(ii) carrying out or causing one or more parties to carry out a gasification process comprising2. A process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material comprising the steps of:(i) providing a processed biomass feedstock resulting from at least one extractive releasing processing step; (a) subjecting the processed biomass feedstock to ...

THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

The present invention is directed to a process for the production of a syngas suited for further conversion to fine chemicals and/or automotive fuels from biomass by a thermochemical process conducted in a several steps procedure, said process comprising; a) Providing a stream of biomass material; b) Providing an aqueous alkaline catalyst stream comprising sodium and/or potassium compounds; c) Mixing comminuted biomass and alkaline catalyst and optional additives to form an alkaline biomass slurry or suspension; d) Treating alkaline biomass slurry or suspension in a hydrothermal treatment reactor at a temperature in the range of 200-400° C. and a pressure from 10-500 bar, forming a bio-oil suspension comprising liquefied biomass and spent alkali catalyst; e) Directly or indirectly charging the bio-oil suspension from step d), after optional depressurization to a pressure in the range 10-100 bar, heat exchange and separation of gases, such as CO2, steam and aqueous spent catalyst into a gasification reactor operating in the temperature range of 600-1250° C. thereby forming a syngas and alkali compounds; and f) Separating alkali compounds from a gasification reactor or from syngas and recycling alkali compounds directly or indirectly to be present to treat new biomass in the hydrothermal biomass treatment reactor of step d) and/or recycling aqueous alkali salts to a pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle.

MODULARIZED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UREA PRODUCTION USING A BIO-MASS FEEDSTOCK

A modular system and method for producing urea from bio-mass includes means and steps for “homogenizing” a biomass feedstock stream having components with different bulk density BTU content into a stream having a consistent bulk density BTU content. The steps include cleaning the incoming bio-mass feedstock stream to remove non-organic matter, blending the cleaned bio-mass feedstock stream to obtain a homogeneous blend having a consistent bulk density BTU content, and milling the homogeneous blend bio-mass feedstock stream to a predetermined size no greater than 12 mm. 1. A method for producing urea from bio-mass , the method comprising the steps of:cleaning a bio-mass feedstock to remove substantially all non-organic matter;blending the cleaned bio-mass feedstock to obtain a substantially homogeneous blend;pelletizing the blended bio-mass feedstock to a substantially uniform size;gasifying the pellets in a gasifier; and{'sub': 2', '3, 'combining a resultant COstream from the gasifier with NHto form urea.'}2. A method according to wherein the bio-mass feedstock includes at least two bio-mass feedstocks each having at least one different processing characteristic.3. A method according to further comprising the step of mixing pellets from at least two bio-mass feedstocks each having at least one different processing characteristic to produce a single substantially homogeneous pellet blend.4. A method according to wherein the bio-mass feedstock has a moisture content of less than about 15% by weight.5. A method according to wherein the cleaned bio-mass feedstock includes no more than 1% non-organic matter by weight.6. A method according to further comprising the pelletizing step resulting in pellets having substantially the same density.7. A method according to further comprising the pelletizing step resulting in pellets having substantially the same calorific burn value.8. A method according to further comprising the step of cleaning including the sub-step of sizing ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

Parallel path, downdraft gasifier apparatus and method

A method for using a downdraft gasifier comprising a housing and a refractory stack contained within the housing. The refractory stack may comprise various sections. Apertures in the sections may be aligned to form multiple columnar cavities. Each columnar cavity may comprise an individual oxidation zone. The method of use may include the steps of placing a feedstock into an upper portion of the refractory stack, measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity, and adjusting the flow of oxygen to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range.

HYBRID FIXED-KINETIC BED GASIFIER FOR FUEL FLEXIBLE GASIFICATION

A gasification system including: a casing defining: a solid material inlet; a fixed bed drying zone proximal the solid material inlet; a fixed bed pyrolysis zone arranged below the drying zone along a gravity vector, distal the solid material inlet across the pyrolysis zone; a kinetic bed combustion zone surrounded by the pyrolysis zone; and a fluidization channel extending through the drying zone and pyrolysis zone and fluidly connected to the combustion zone, the fluidization channel defining a kinetic bed reduction zone fluidly isolated from and thermally connected to the pyrolysis zone and the drying zone by the fluidization channel. 1. A method for gasification of carbon-containing solids , comprising:combusting pyrolyzed solids within a kinetic bed combustion zone, the kinetic bed combustion zone formed by flowing combustion fluid at a turbulent velocity into a fixed bed pyrolysis zone comprising pyrolyzed solids;diverting fluid flow through the combustion zone and into a reduction zone within a kinetic chamber, the kinetic chamber fluidly isolating and thermally coupling the reduction zone with the fixed bed pyrolysis zone and a drying zone;reducing the combustion products within the kinetic chamber, the gas flow maintaining a kinetic bed within the kinetic chamber;pyrolyzing uncombusted solids with waste heat from combustion product reduction;drying wet solids with waste heat from solid pyrolysis and combustion; andleveraging gravity to move dried solids from the drying zone toward the pyrolysis zone, and pyrolyzed solids from the pyrolysis zone toward the combustion zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein diverting fluid flow through the combustion zone and into the reduction zone comprises diverting fluid flow with a closed end of a casing opposing a fluid inlet of the kinetic chamber.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating a rotating flow within the combustion zone.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising introducing fluid into the ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMASS GRINDING AND FEEDING

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven bio-refinery that may include a entrained-flow biomass feed system that is feedstock flexible via particle size control of the biomass. Some embodiments include a chemical reactor that receives concentrated solar thermal energy from an array of heliostats. The entrained-flow biomass feed system can use an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar-driven chemical reactor. Biomass sources in a raw state or partially torrified state may be used, as long as parameters such as particle size of the biomass are controlled. Additionally, concentrated solar thermal energy can drive gasification of the particles. An on-site fuel synthesis reactor may receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction use the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products in a hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process to create a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. 124-. (canceled)25. A bio-refinery to generate fuel product with an entrained-flow biomass feed system , comprising:a boiler to produce steam and to supply steam to a steam input;a chemical reactor having the steam input and one or more reactor tubes, where in the chemical reactor biomass i) in particle form, ii) in non-particle form, or iii) both, is configured to be gasified in a presence of steam from the steam input and to generate at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction;the entrained-flow biomass feed system having two or more feed lines to supply the biomass into the chemical reactor, where a gas source for a pressurized entrainment carrier gas is coupled to the entrained-flow biomass feed system;a heat drying unit to apply heat to the biomass in order to provide dried biomass to enter the entrained-flow biomass feed system, in which the two or more feed lines to supply the biomass; anda fuel synthesis reactor of the bio-refinery that is geographically located on a same site as the ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon up to 90% and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon up to 10% along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes.2. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid wastes.4. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , up to about 80% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed ...

Pyrolysis Reactor System and Method

A system and method for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis conduit and a solids return conduit segment. Each segment is configured with an outlet and an inlet to receive and discharge solid materials that are circulated through the reactor through the different segments. A solids conveyor is disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet. A pyrolysis feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the feedstock is converted to pyrolysis gases within the pyrolysis conduit segment, which are discharged through a gas outlet.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials , said system comprising:a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the municipal solid wastes;b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI selectively receives:the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H2, H2O and CO2;selectively receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; andselectively receives recycled CO2; andc) in a power generation process, converting some or all of the high biogenic carbon content material into high biogenic power with reduced lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and higher renewable energy credits.2. A system according to wherein the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon is up to about 80% biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the Fischer- ...

Method and apparatus for producing methane from carbonaceous material

A method for producing methane ( 69 ) from a carbonaceous ( 22 ) material includes conveying pulverized carbonaceous material ( 28 ) entrained in an inert carrier fluid, such as carbon dioxide ( 36 ), into a reactor ( 34 ). The reactor ( 34 ) includes a vortex region ( 72 ) for receiving hydrogen gas ( 38 ) and imparting a swirling motion to the hydrogen gas ( 38 ). The pulverized carbonaceous material ( 28 ) is exposed to the swirling stream of hydrogen gas ( 38 ) in a first reaction zone ( 114 ) within the reactor ( 34 ) to form an exit gas ( 40 ) that includes methane ( 69 ). Remaining unreacted carbonaceous material ( 28 ) is further exposed to the hydrogen gas ( 38 ) in a second, low velocity, reaction zone ( 120 ). The methane rich exit gas ( 40 ) is subsequently extracted from the reactor ( 34 ) for further processing.

Catalyst-Loaded Coal Compositions, Methods of Making and Use

The present invention relates to catalyst-loaded coal compositions having a moisture content of less than about 6 wt %, a process for the preparation of catalyst-loaded coal compositions, and an integrated process for the gasification of the catalyst-loaded coal compositions. The catalyst-loaded coal compositions can be prepared by a diffusive catalyst loading process that provides for a highly dispersed catalyst that is predominantly associated with the coal matrix, such as by ion-exchange.

Carbonaceous Fines Recycle

Processes are provided for capturing and recycling carbonaceous fines generated during a gasification process. In particular, the recycled fines are processed into a particulate composition which is useable as a carbonaceous feedstock and is conversion into a gas stream comprising methane.

Catalytic Gasification Particulate Compositions

Particulate compositions are described comprising a carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke and/or coal, treated or otherwise associated with a gasification catalyst, where the catalyst is at least in part derived from a leachate from a biomass char, for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Two-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, two separate gasification reactors to convert a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Three-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, three separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Integrated Hydromethanation Fuel Cell Power Generation

The present invention relates to processes and apparatuses for generating electrical power from certain non-gaseous carbonaceous feedstocks through the integration of catalytic hydromethanation technology with fuel cell technology.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A method and system for reforming a carbonaceous feedstock comprising the steps, reforming the feedstock produce a first synthesis gas, subjecting a portion of the first synthesis gas to catalytic conversion, separating from the synthesis gas conversion product at least one byproduct, and utilizing at least a portion of the at least one byproduct during reforming of additional carbonaceous material. In certain instances, the method and system may be used to produce a liquid fuel.

Biomass high efficiency hydrothermal reformer

A system for the production of synthesis gas, the system including a mixing apparatus configured for combining steam with at least one carbonaceous material to produce a reformer feedstock; and a reformer comprising a cylindrical vessel containing a plurality of coiled tubes, wherein each of the plurality of coiled tubes has a vertical height in the range of from about 40 feet 12.2 m) to about 100 feet (30.5 m) and a coil length that is at least four times the vertical height; at least one burner configured to combust a fuel and provide heat to maintain the reformer at a reformer temperature; at least one outlet for reformer product comprising synthesis gas; and at least one outlet for flue gas produced via combustion of fuel in the burners. A suitable mixing apparatus is also provided.

Biomass high efficiency hydrothermal reformer

A method of producing synthesis gas by mixing a carbonaceous feed comprising at least one carbonaceous material with superheated steam to produce a reformer feedstock and reforming the reformer feedstock to produce a first synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide by introducing the reformer feedstock into a plurality of coiled tubes within a reformer at a reformer temperature and a reformer pressure at which at least a portion of the reformer feedstock is converted to synthesis gas.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A method and system for reforming a carbonaceous feedstock comprising the steps, reforming the feedstock produce a first synthesis gas, subjecting a portion of the first synthesis gas to catalytic conversion, separating from the synthesis gas conversion product at least one byproduct, and utilizing at least a portion of the at least one byproduct during reforming of additional carbonaceous material. In certain instances, the method and system may be used to produce a liquid fuel.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A system for the production of conversion products from synthesis gas, the system including a mixing apparatus configured for mixing steam with at least one carbonaceous material to produce a reformer feedstock; a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the reformer feedstock; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product and to separate from the synthesis gas conversion product a tailgas comprising at least one gas selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane; and one or more recycle lines fluidly connecting the synthesis gas conversion apparatus with the mixing apparatus, the reformer, or both.