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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 4959. Отображено 100.
02-02-2012 дата публикации

Catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition

Номер: US20120029243A1
Автор: Emmanouil Pantouflas, Roman Prochazka, Stephan Schunk
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to a composition (“composite”) comprising lignin and at least one catalyst dispersed in the composition. The invention further provides a process for producing such a catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition.

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Номер записи: 1
15-03-2012 дата публикации

Catalytic gasification of organic matter in supercritical water

Номер: US20120060418A1
Автор: Abraham Kribus, Alexander Berman, Michael Epstein
Принадлежит: Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd, Yeda Research and Development Co Ltd

A catalyst system including at least one metal and an oxide support, said oxide support including at least one of Al 2 O 3 , Mn x O y , MgO, ZrO 2 , and La 2 O 3 , or any mixtures thereof; said catalyst being suitable for catalyzing at least one reaction under supercritical water conditions is disclosed. Additionally, a system for producing a high-pressure product gas under super-critical water conditions is provided. The system includes a pressure reactor accommodating a feed mixture of water and organic matter; a solar radiation concentrating system heating the pressure reactor and elevating the temperature and the pressure of the mixture to about the water critical temperature point and pressure point or higher. The reactor is configured and operable to enable a supercritical water process of the mixture to occur therein for conversion of the organic matter and producing a high-pressure product fuel gas.

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Номер записи: 2
22-03-2012 дата публикации

Method for Producing Ethanol

Номер: US20120071697A1
Автор: Masaru Ichikawa
Принадлежит: ICHIKAWA OFFICE Inc, Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd

A method for producing ethanol by which ethanol can be synthesized from less fermentable biomass materials such as plant-derived materials and rice straws and industrial waste biomass materials such as wooden building materials and pulp and which can therefore broaden the range of raw materials for the production of ethanol. Specifically, a method for producing ethanol including reacting a raw material gas obtained by a thermochemical gasification reaction of biomass in the presence of a catalyst containing rhodium, at least one transition metal, and at least one element selected from lithium, magnesium and zinc.

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Номер записи: 3
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Fuel injector having tip cooling

Номер: US20120132725A1
Автор: Constantin Dinu
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

According to various embodiments, a system includes a gasification fuel injector. The gasification fuel injector includes a tip portion, an annular coolant chamber disposed in the tip portion, a recessed surface for cooling control and a first structural support extending through the annular coolant chamber. The first structural support divides the annular coolant chamber into a first passage and a second passage.

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Номер записи: 4
05-07-2012 дата публикации

Integrated gasification combined cycle plant with char preparation system

Номер: US20120167585A1
Автор: Alex Wormser
Принадлежит: Wormser Energy Solutions Inc

Provided herein are systems, methods and equipment that include Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology to retrofit existing plants, that include, e.g., subsystems for separating char fines from syngas after it emerges from an internally-circulating fluidized bed carbonizer and injecting the char into the carbonizer draft tube as a fuel source. Efficiency and power generation are thus increased to the extent that inclusion of carbon capture systems are now possible for existing coal plants in order to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

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Номер записи: 5
23-08-2012 дата публикации

Commingled Coal and Biomass Slurries

Номер: US20120210631A1
Автор: Andres Aguirre, Chan Seung Park, Joseph M. Norbeck
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

An energy efficient process for converting biomass into a higher carbon content, high energy density slurry. Water and biomass are mixed at a temperature and under a pressure that are much lower than in prior processes, but under a non-oxidative gas, which enables a stable slurry to be obtained containing up to 60% solids by weight, 20-40% carbon by weight, in the slurry. The temperature is nominally about 200° C. under non-oxidative gas pressure of about 150 psi, conditions that are substantially less stringent than those required by the prior art. In another embodiment, the biomass water slurry can be mixed with a coal water slurry to further optimize the carbon content and pumpability of the biomass shiny.

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Номер записи: 6
13-12-2012 дата публикации

Tunable catalytic gasifiers and related methods

Номер: US20120311931A1
Автор: John Dooher
Принадлежит: Good Earth Power Corp

The present disclosure provides tunable catalytic gasifier systems suitable for gasifying coal, biomass, and other fuel sources. The gasifier reactors of the disclosed systems may be heated by, e.g., a catalytic tube or other jacket that generates heat by catalytically combusting syngas, which syngas may be syngas produced by the gasifier system.

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Номер записи: 7
07-03-2013 дата публикации

System for recycling captured agglomerated diesel soot and related method

Номер: US20130055699A1
Автор: Michael B. ROHLFS
Принадлежит: Dearborn Financial Inc

A method of recycling captured agglomerated soot captured by and collected from a diesel emission control after-treatment (DECAT) system, the method comprising collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot (CADS) as a feedstock, loading the CADS into a controlled thermochemical conversion (TCC) process reactor, employing time-phased heat and pressure in the controlled TCC process reactor until the CADS sufficiently decompose to reclaim solids, liquid fuels and gases, piping pyrolysis oils (tars) and vapors produced in the controlled TCC process reactor to chambers, cooling and condensing the pyrolysis oils and vapors into a liquid form, and recirculating a pyrolysis gas produced in the controlled TCC process reactor for use as a source of heat and power.

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Номер записи: 8
28-03-2013 дата публикации

Fuel gasification system

Номер: US20130078158A1
Автор: Koubun Kyo, Takahiro Murakami, Toshiyuki Suda
Принадлежит: Individual

A fuel gasification system including a gasification furnace including a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas for gasifying fuel charged into gasification gas and flammable solid content, a combustion furnace for combustion of the flammable solid content into which the flammable solid content produced in the furnace is introduced together with bed material and that includes a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas, a material separator such as hot cyclone that separates bed material from exhaust gas introduced from the combustion furnace, the separated bed material being fed through a downcomer to the gasification furnace, and a tar decomposing mechanism that heats the gasification gas produced in the furnace to decompose tar contained in the gasification gas.

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Номер записи: 9
04-04-2013 дата публикации

Multi-stream feed injector

Номер: US20130084224A1
Автор: Ali Ergut
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

In certain embodiments, a feed injector system includes an inner channel configured to convey at least one of a solid fuel feed or a liquid reactant or moderator to a reaction zone. A first oxidizer channel extends around the inner channel, wherein the first oxidizer channel is configured to convey a first oxidizer stream to the reaction zone. A second oxidizer channel extends around the first oxidizer channel, wherein the second oxidizer channel is configured to convey a second oxidizer stream to the reaction zone. Additionally, a third channel extends around the inner channel and the first and second oxidizer channels, wherein the third channel is configured to convey at least one of the solid fuel feed or the liquid reactant or moderator to the reaction zone.

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Номер записи: 10
23-05-2013 дата публикации

System and process for biomass conversion to renewable fuels with byproducts recycled to gasifier

Номер: US20130131196A1
Автор: Michael Cheiky, Rajashekharam Malyala, Vern S. Traxler
Принадлежит: Cool Planet Biofuels Inc, Cool Planet Energy Systems Inc

This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

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Номер записи: 11
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Process for the conversion of natural gas to acetylene and liquid fuels with externally derived hydrogen

Номер: US20130144096A1
Автор: Edward R. Peterson
Принадлежит: Synfuels International Inc

A process for converting natural gas from which contaminants have been sufficiently removed to acetylene includes heating the purified gas through a selected range of temperature for adequate time or combustion of the purified gas at adequate temperature within a suitable environment during an adequate reaction time to convert a fraction of the gas stream to acetylene, wherein the acetylene is directed for other processes, reactions, and uses. A process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons by combusting externally derived hydrogen for heating natural gas to a selected range of temperature. A process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons by reacting conversion products with externally derived hydrogen to form olefins comprising ethylene, and catalytically forming liquid hydrocarbons from the olefins comprising ethylene.

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Номер записи: 12
04-07-2013 дата публикации

Hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

Номер: US20130172640A1
Автор: Earl T. Robinson, Pattabhi K. Raman
Принадлежит: Greatpoint Energy Inc

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane product stream and a char by-product, and more specifically to removal of the char by-product from the hydromethanation reactor.

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Номер записи: 13
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Horizontally-Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer System

Номер: US20130228445A1
Автор: Andreas Tsangaris, Douglas Michael Feasby, Geoffrey Dobbs, Kenneth Craig Campbell, Mao Pei Cui, Zhiyuan Shen
Принадлежит: Plasco Energy Group Inc

A method and apparatus is described for the efficient conversion of carbonaceous feedstock including municipal solid waste into a product gas through gasification. More specifically, a horizontally-oriented gasifier having one or more lateral transfer system for moving material through the gasifier is provided thereby allowing for the horizontal expansion of the gasification process such that there is sequential promotion of feedstock drying, volatization and char-to-ash conversions.

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Номер записи: 14
21-11-2013 дата публикации

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

Номер: US20130306913A1
Автор: Chun-zhu LI, Hongwei WU, Mohammad Asadullah, Xiaoshan WANG
Принадлежит: Curtin University of Technology

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

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Номер записи: 15
12-12-2013 дата публикации

Gasification Method for Reducing Emission of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20130326953A1
Автор: Dae Hee CHO, Gyoo Tae Kim, Hyun Min Shim, Il Yong Jeong, Ja Hyun Yang, Jeong Mook Kim, Jin Hong Kim, Jong Chan Lee, Joo Won Park, Ok Youn Kim, Sam Ryong Park, Seung Hoon Oh, Sun Choi
Принадлежит: SK Innovation Co Ltd

Provided is a gasification method of a carbon-containing material, the method including: (a) reacting a carbon-containing material to be treated under the presence of a catalyst with steam to produce a syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) generating a carbon dioxide rich gas by introducing a portion of the syngas that has produced in step (a) into a combustion process, and/or separating hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the syngas produced in step (a); and (c) recycling, to step (a), the carbon dioxide rich gas that has been produced in step (b). By the method, the necessity of separating or collecting and storing carbon dioxide for reducing carbon dioxide is eliminated to minimize costs for constructing a special device and facility for the separation or collecting and storage of the carbon dioxide.

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Номер записи: 16
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods

Номер: US20130341569A1
Автор: John T. Turner, Robert S. Ampulski, Wayne W. Simmons
Принадлежит: Sundrop Fuels Inc

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

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Номер записи: 17
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Cyclonic reactor with non-equilibrium gliding discharge and plasma process for reforming of solid hydrocarbons

Номер: US20140042368A1
Автор: Alexander Fridman, Alexander Gutsol, Anatoly Polevich, Michael J. Gallagher
Принадлежит: DREXEL UNIVERSITY

A reactor for reforming a hydrocarbon, and associated processes and systems, are described herein. In one example, a reactor is provided that is configured to use non-equilibrium gliding arc discharge plasma. In another example, the reactor uses a vortex flow pattern. Two stages of reforming are described. In a first stage, the hydrocarbon absorbs heat from the wall of the reactor and combusts to form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water. In a second stage, a gliding arc discharge is use to form syngas, which is a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. The heat generated by the combustion of the first stage transfers to the wall of the reactor and heated products of the second stage mix with incoming hydrocarbon to provide for partial recuperation of the reaction energy.

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Номер записи: 18
06-01-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING WASTE PLASTIC INTO POWER

Номер: US20220002626A1
Автор: Fox James Alistair
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process and system for converting carbon material into power. Carbon material is gasified into synthesis gas in a gasifier and steam is supplied to the gasifier The synthesis gas is supplied to a gas turbine to produce power. Air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is cooled in a first cooling device with water to produce steam The steam is used in at least one steam turbine to produce power and the steam from at least one steam turbine is recycled to the gasifier 1. A process for converting carbon material into power , comprising the steps of:a. gasifying the carbon material into synthesis gas in a gasifier, wherein steam is supplied to the gasifier;b. supplying the synthesis gas to a gas turbine to produce power, wherein air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine;c. cooling exhaust gas from the gas turbine in a first cooling device with water to produce steam; andd. using steam produced in step c in at least one steam turbine to produce power;wherein the steam from step d is recycled to the gasifier.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gasification in step a is carried out without air or oxygen.3. The process as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is waste plastic.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the waste plastic is polyethylene or polyethylene terephalate.5. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 3 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 800K and 1200K.6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 900K and 1100K.7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is 1000K.8. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the pressure of the gasifier is between 0.5 to 1.5 bar.9. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the temperature of combustion in the gas turbine is below 1800K.10. The process as claimed ...

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Номер записи: 19
07-01-2016 дата публикации

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

Номер: US20160002547A1
Автор: BORUM Bryan C., CARRYER Benjamin H., ELROD Eric R., JIANG Weibin, MCCOMISH Bruce E., ROBERTSON Mark K., WEEKS Sim, WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided. 1. A system for the production of synthesis gas , the system comprising:a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, wherein the gasification apparatus comprises at least one vessel configured for fluidization of the contents thereof via introduction thereto of a fluidization gas comprising at least one non-steam component;at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus and configured to prepare a carbonaceous material for introduction into the gasification apparatus; synthesis gas conditioning apparatus configured to produce a conditioned synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide that is different from the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the gasification product gas, to provide a conditioned synthesis gas having a reduced amount of at least one component relative to the ...

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Номер записи: 20
07-01-2016 дата публикации

CORROSION CONTROL FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION COMPONENTS

Номер: US20160002794A1
Автор: ANDERSON KRAIG, Sjong Angele
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Systems and articles of manufacture for minimizing corrosion in supercritical water gasification components are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and operation. The systems may include a nonconducting conduit that is configured to receive a fluid at a first end and transmit the fluid toward a second end thereof. The fluid may include a plurality of ions. The nonconducting conduit may include an inside surface and an outside surface. The systems may further include a plurality of electrodes distributed about at least a portion of the outside surface of the nonconducting conduit and a power source electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes. The power source may be configured to apply an alternating current across the plurality of electrodes, and the alternating current may be effective to exert an electrophoretic force on the plurality of ions in the fluid. 1. A system for minimizing corrosion in supercritical water gasification components , the system comprising:a nonconducting conduit that is configured to receive a fluid comprising a plurality of ions at a first end and transmit the fluid toward a second end thereof, the nonconducting conduit comprising an inside surface and an outside surface;a plurality of electrodes distributed about at least a portion of the outside surface of the nonconducting conduit; anda power source electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes, wherein the power source is configured to apply an alternating current across the plurality of electrodes, wherein the alternating current is effective to exert an electrophoretic force on the plurality of ions in the fluid.2. (canceled)3600. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonconducting conduit is further configured to receive the fluid and transmit the fluid at a temperature of at least about K.418. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonconducting conduit is further configured to receive the fluid and transmit the fluid at a pressure of at least about MPa ...

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Номер записи: 21
02-01-2020 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE FROM A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Номер: US20200002630A1
Автор: Pye David
Принадлежит: Green Waste Energy, Inc.

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of generating electricity for an electrical grid using solid waste , the method comprising:conveying said waste from a water treatment plant comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;exposing the waste to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the waste to a temperature of 160° C. or more;following the exposing of the waste to an environment of saturated steam, pyrolysizing the waste as a result of heating of the waste in an retort comprising multiple heat radiant tubes providing increased retention time of the waste in the retort and heat distribution within the retort, the retort comprising an environment depleted of oxygen and maintained at about 700° C. or more;producing hot synthetic gas via the pyrolysizing of the waste;discharging the hot synthetic gas by product via ports from the retort into a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine is in mechanical connection with an electrical grid;driving the turbine with the hot synthetic gas to generate electricity; anddistributing the generated electricity across the electrical grid.2. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of:cellulosic flakes, wood and textiles.3. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolysizing the waste from the water treatment plant additionally comprises passing the waste from the water treatment plant through a retort comprising a heated multi-zoned pyrolysis muffle chamber.5. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 22
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Arrangement and method for preparing a gas

Номер: US20190002777A1
Автор: Karvonen Teuvo
Принадлежит: ForestGas Oy

The invention relates to an arrangement for preparing a gas in a closable reactor by supplying the reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material, such as chips, in substantially oxygen-free conditions, by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature, and by recovering the gas generated in a gasification reaction. In that the arrangement the reactor has its interior defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve, especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome, biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's interior, the reactor's interior is supplied with free water/water vapor in its supercritical state, which is optionally prepared catalytically by splitting water/water vapor, the biomass or wood material is conveyed into a gasification space of the reactor's interior, which is in connection with the heated gasification dome and which is adapted to have existing conditions selected in a manner such that the water present in said gasification space is present in its supercritical state, and the gas generated in the gasification reaction is recovered. 13. An arrangement for preparing a gas (G) in a closable reactor () by supplying said reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material , such as chips , in substantially oxygen-free conditions , by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature , and by recovering the gas (G) generated in a gasification reaction (R) , wherein{'b': 3', '30', '24', '36, 'the reactor () has its interior () defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve (), especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome (),'}{'b': '3', "biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's () interior,"}{'b': '30', "the reactor's interior () is supplied with free ...

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Номер записи: 23
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Fluidized bed system and method for operating fluidized bed furnace

Номер: US20160010007A1
Автор: Hiroshi FUNAGOSHI
Принадлежит: IHI Corp

A fluidized bed system includes a first nozzle group that is provided inside a fluidized bed furnace, a second nozzle group that is provided inside the fluidized bed furnace, a first supply section that supplies a gas into the fluidized bed furnace through the first nozzle group, a second supply section that supplies the gas into the fluidized bed furnace through both the first and second nozzle groups, and a control section that controls the second supply section during a start-up operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form a fluidized bed of a fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace, and stops the supply of the gas by the second supply section and controls the first supply section during a normal operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form the fluidized bed of the fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace.

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Номер записи: 24
21-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20160016793A1
Автор: Nataraj Shankar, Peng Xiang-Dong, Repasky John Michael, Wang Shoou-I
Принадлежит:

Reactive diluent fluid () is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or “syngas”) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (“PDX”) reactor () to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted () with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit () such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

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Номер записи: 25
21-01-2016 дата публикации

CORROSION REDUCTION FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION THROUGH SEEDED SACRIFICIAL METAL

Номер: US20160017243A1
Автор: Adam Quentin Arthur Carl
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Technologies are presented for reducing corrosion M supercritical water gasification through seeded sacrificial metal particles. The metal panicles may be seeded into one or more material input streams through high pressure injection. Once distributed in the SCWG reactor, the metal particles may corrode preferentially to the metal SCWG reactor walls and convert into metal oxides that precipitate out above the supercritical point of water. The precipitated metal oxides may then be collected downstream of the SCWG reactor to be reprocessed back into seed metal at a smelter. The seeded metal particles may complete a process material cycle with limited net additional waste.

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Номер записи: 26
21-01-2016 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOW RANK FUELS

Номер: US20160017801A1
Автор: Bi Xijing, DePuy Richard Anthony, Hu Lishun, Leininger Thomas Frederick, Xue Junli
Принадлежит:

In one aspect, a gasification system for use with low rank fuel is provided The system includes a pyrolysis unit positioned to receive a feed of low rank fuel, the pyrolysis unit being configured to pyrolyze the low rank fuel to produce pyrolysis gas and fixed carbon. The system also includes a gasifier configured to produce a syngas stream using the received fixed carbon, a cooler configured to receive and cool the syngas stream, and a first conduit coupled between the cooler and the pyrolysis unit. The first conduit is configured to recycle at least a portion of the syngas stream to the pyrolysis unit such that the recycled syngas stream is mixed with the pyrolysis gas to produce a hydrocarbon-rich syngas stream containing gasification by-products. The system also includes a by-product recovery system coupled to the pyrolysis unit for removing the gasification by-products from the hydrocarbon- rich syngas stream.

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Номер записи: 27
28-01-2016 дата публикации

Method for Producing Hydrogen and/or Other Gases from Steel Plant Wastes and Waste Heat

Номер: US20160023896A1
Автор: Bhattacharjee Debashish, Mukherjee Tridibesh
Принадлежит:

A method for producing hydrogen and/or other gases from steel plant wastes and waste heat is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing molten waste from steel plant like molten slag in a reactor. The molten slag is contacted with water and/or steam in the presence of a reducing agent to form a stream of hydrogen and/or other gases. The hydrogen and/or other gases can then be extracted from the stream of gases from the reactor. 1. A method for producing hydrogen and/or other gases from steel plant wastes and waste heat , comprising the steps of:providing molten slag that is a waste product from a steelmaking process in a reactor that is separate from the steelmaking process;contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam in the presence of a reducing agent to form a stream of gases including hydrogen gas; andseparating hydrogen gas from said stream,wherein a flux is added to the molten slag and reducing agent for promoting the formation of hydrogen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten slag comprises blast furnace slag claim 1 , desulphurization slag of steelmaking claim 1 , converter slag of steelmaking claim 1 , ferrochrome or ferromanganese slag in submerged arc furnace (SAF) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam comprises spraying water into the molten slag using a water line with a spray nozzle.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the molten slag when contacted with water and/or steam is greater than 1250° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam comprises injecting steam into the molten slag using a lance.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam comprises injecting the reducing agent along with the water and/or steam into the molten slag.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said stream of gases includes carbon monoxide gas claim 1 , and further comprising ...

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Номер записи: 28
28-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN INDIRECT RADIATION DRIVEN GASIFIER REACTOR AND RECEIVER CONFIGURATION

Номер: US20160024403A1
Автор: Hilton Courtland, Jovanovic Zoran, Kelley Donna, Perkins Christopher, Strand Steven
Принадлежит:

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds. 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus , comprising:a thermal receiver having inner walls that form a cavity space inside the thermal receiver;a chemical reactor that has one or more reactor tubes located inside the cavity space of the thermal receiver, where in the one or more reactor tubes a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat is configured to occur, wherein the chemical reaction includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat;a source of inert particles that are inert to the chemical reaction that includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat, where the source of inert particles couples to the one or more feed lines to add the inert particles to the chemical reactor;one or more feed lines coupled to the chemical reactor to add the inert particles for radiation absorption and re- ...

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Номер записи: 29
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS

Номер: US20160024405A1
Автор: KYLE RONALD
Принадлежит:

A method of converting carbon containing compounds such as coal, methane or other hydrocarbons into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a high pressure, high temperature reactor which operates upon a blend of a carbon compound including COand a carbon source, a catalyst, and steam. Microwave power is directed into the reactor. The catalyst, preferably magnetite, will act as a heating media for the microwave power and the temperature of the reactor will rise to a level to efficiently convert the carbon and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for simultaneously consuming carbon dioxide and generating petroleum products , the method comprising:(a) introducing particles of a catalytic material, absorbent of microwave energy, into a higher-temperature portion of a reaction vessel;(b) introducing coal particles into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(c) introducing steam into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(d) introducing carbon dioxide into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(e) irradiating the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel with microwave energy absorbed by the catalytic material in the reactor so as to heat the catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the coal and the steam, catalyzed by the catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein (i) at least a portion of the hydrogen reacts with the carbon dioxide to produce water and carbon monoxide and (ii) at least a portion of the hydrogen undergoes exothermic reactions with the carbon monoxide, catalyzed by the catalytic material, to produce multiple petroleum products;(f) cooling a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, thereby establishing a temperature gradient within the reaction vessel wherein the irradiated higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel exhibits a higher temperature than the cooled lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, ...

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Номер записи: 30
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Номер: US20140107234A1
Автор: James R. Jones, Jr., Peter G. Tiverios, Stephen H. Lucas
Принадлежит: Fulcrum Bioenergy Inc

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

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Номер записи: 31
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification System and Process for Conversion of Biomass Feedstocks

Номер: US20180023003A1
Автор: Elliott Douglas C., Hart Todd R., Neuenschwander Gary G.
Принадлежит: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy. 119-. (canceled)20. A continuous biomass conversion process , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;without the aid of gravitational separation, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein prior to continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction claim 20 , further comprising removing solids from the biomass conversion product.22. The process of claim 20 , further comprising combusting the product gas to generate power.23. The process of claim 20 , wherein the product gas comprises one or more of methane claim 20 , hydrocarbons with a carbon number greater than that of methane claim 20 , and carbon dioxide claim 20 , wherein the product gas optionally comprises less than 5% hydrogen by weight.24. A continuous biomass conversion process claim 20 , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;using centrifugal force, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.25. The process of claim 24 , wherein the separation is ...

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Номер записи: 32
09-02-2017 дата публикации

All-Steam Gasification with Carbon Capture

Номер: US20170037328A1
Автор: Parkes John, Todd Douglas M., Wormser Alex
Принадлежит: Wormser Energy Solutions, Inc.

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for all-steam gasification with carbon capture includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, volatiles, hydrogen, and volatiles at outlets. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying fluid, and steam. The gasification chamber produces syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets. A combustion chamber receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant and burns the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. The system of the present teaching produces nitrogen free high hydrogen syngas for applications such as IGCC with CCS, CTL, and Polygeneration plants. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam, the micronized char preparation system producing micronized char, steam, volatiles, and hydrogen at outlets; and i. a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char from the micronized char preparation system, and that receives a conveying fluid and steam, the gasification chamber producing syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets; and', 'ii. a combustion chamber that receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant, the combustion chamber burning the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen, the heat for gasification being transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand., 'b) an ...

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Номер записи: 33
16-02-2017 дата публикации

INCLINED ROTARY GASIFIER WASTE TO ENERGY SYSTEM

Номер: US20170044450A1
Автор: WAAGE David J.
Принадлежит: THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK

A gasifier system includes a reactor for receiving a wet feedstock which has a base and a container rotatably connected to the base such that a rotation of the container causes a mixing of the feedstock in an interior of the reactor. The interior is bounded by the base and the container. A space between the base and the container allows an entry of oxygen into the interior. The space has a dimension such that the feedstock is fully oxidized in a combustion area adjacent the base and such that the feedstock avoids combustion in a remainder of the interior. The reactor has a longitudinal axis inclined at an inclination angle relative to a horizontal line to promote the mixing of the feedstock in the interior. 1. A gasifier system comprising:a reactor for receiving a wet feedstock, said reactor comprising a base and a container rotatably connected to said base such that a rotation of said container causes mixing of the feedstock in an interior of the reactor, the interior bounded by said base and said container;a space between said base and said container to allow an entry of oxygen into said interior, said space having a dimension such that the feedstock is fully oxidized in a combustion area adjacent said base and such that the feedstock avoids combustion in a remainder of said interior; andsaid reactor having a longitudinal axis inclined at an inclination angle relative to a horizontal line to promote the mixing of the feedstock in the interior.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said base comprises a self-locating floating plate configured to retain combusting feedstock within the rotating reactor.322. The system of claim 2 , wherein said angle of inclination comprises an angle of greater than degrees relative to the horizontal line.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an outer casing having an inner surface claim 1 , said inner surface and an outer surface of said reactor bounding a temperature control cavity coupled to a source of heated gas such that a ...

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Номер записи: 34
14-02-2019 дата публикации

COAL GASIFICATION

Номер: US20190048271A1
Автор: Bisaka Kabwika, Curr Thomas Robert, Reynolds Quinn Gareth
Принадлежит:

A method of producing syngas wherein a carbonaceous feedstock is exposed to a plasma arc generated by a DC supply in a dry-steam environment. 111-. (canceled)12. A method of producing syngas wherein a carbonaceous feedstock is exposed to a plasma arc generated by a DC supply in a dry-steam environment in an apparatus which includes a lower vessel and an upper vessel , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is introduced directly into the lower vessel via a plasma arc plume or via the upper vessel which is operated as an entrained flow gasifier.13. A method according to wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is fed together with a dry steam feed into the apparatus or it is fed separately claim 12 , from a dry steam feed claim 12 , into the apparatus.14. A method according to wherein the plasma arc is at least one of the following: an open arc within the apparatus claim 12 , and an immersed arc produced by immersion of an electrode into slag in a lower region of the apparatus.15. An apparatus for producing syngas from a carbonaceous feedstock material claim 12 , which apparatus comprises a DC arc gasifier which processes the feedstock material and which includes a lower vessel within which a plasma arc is established and an upper vessel which is operated as an entrained flow gasifier wherein the feedstock is fed to the lower vessel through a) at least one hollow electrode or b) via the entrained flow gasifier.16. An apparatus according to wherein the plasma arc is established as at least one of the following: as an open arc claim 15 , and as an immersed arc in a molten slag layer in a lower region of the lower vessel.17. An apparatus according to wherein the lower vessel includes a slag containment structure with a slag tapping facility and at least one electrode which establishes a DC plasma arc in the lower vessel.18. An apparatus according to wherein pulverized coal claim 15 , which is the carbonaceous feedstock material claim 15 , is applied to the DC arc gasifier in a ...

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Номер записи: 35
14-02-2019 дата публикации

System, Method, and Apparatus for Gasification of a Solid or Liquid

Номер: US20190048272A1
Автор: Christopher Carey, Christopher Lynch, Kevin Andrew SMITH, Richard CONZ
Принадлежит: Magnegas Corp

A system for gasification of a material includes a plasma generator interfaced to a reaction chamber. A feedstock such as pulverized coal is fed into a plasma jet created by the plasma generator and is gasified by the high temperatures of the plasma jet. The gas produced is then collected, filtered, and utilized, for example, in generating of electricity. Likewise, extra heat produced by the system is also used to generate electricity or other heating purposes

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Номер записи: 36
23-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20170051210A1
Автор: Kuhl Olaf
Принадлежит:

A method producing synthetic hydrocarbons includes producing synthesis gas. An initial step, carbon or a mixture of carbon and hydrogen is brought into contact with water at a temperature of 800-1700° C. The synthesis gas is converted into synthetic functionalised and/or non-functionalised hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer Tropsch process wherein it is brought into contact with a suitable catalyst, and wherein water in which a portion of the synthetic hydrocarbons is dissolved results as a by-product. At least a portion of the water that is produced as a by-product is supplied to the initial step. The hydrocarbons that are dissolved in the water decompose into particle-like carbon and hydrogen at the high temperature. The carbon is converted into CO in the presence of water and at a high temperature and forms a portion of the synthesis gas that is produced. In this way, a costly process for cleaning half of the water that is produced as a by-product is avoided. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for producing synthetic hydrocarbons which comprises the following steps:a) producing synthesis gas by bringing carbon or a mixture of carbon and hydrogen into contact with water at a temperature of 800-1700° C.;b) converting the synthesis gas into synthetic functionalised and/or non-functionalised hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer Tropsch process by bringing the synthesis gas into contact with a suitable catalyst, wherein water results as a by-product in which a portion of the synthetic hydrocarbons is dissolved; andc) supplying at least a portion of the water that was produced as a by-product to the step a);wherein a portion of the water that is produced as a by-product is vaporised at a temperature above the decomposing temperature of the synthetic hydrocarbons dissolved in the water; and{'b': '43', 'wherein the vapour is used for propelling a steam turbine ().'}13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the temperature of the water claim 12 , when being supplied to the ...

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Номер записи: 37
23-02-2017 дата публикации

Solids circulation system and method for capture and conversion of reactive solids with fluidized bed temperature control

Номер: US20170051217A1
Автор: Dave G. Newport, Hamilton Sean Michael Whitney, Jonathan A. Zenz, Ravi Chandran
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International Inc

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

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Номер записи: 38
10-03-2022 дата публикации

All-Steam Gasification with Solid Fuel Preparation System

Номер: US20220073828A1
Автор: Parkes John, Todd Douglas M.
Принадлежит: Wormser Energy Solutions, Inc.

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a transport reactor with a pulverizer function that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam that produces micronized char, steam, and volatiles. An indirect gasifier includes a pressure vessel reactor comprising a dense bed of solids. A draft tube can be inside or outside the pressure vessel. A combustor provides heat for the gasification reaction by combustion of hydrogen and air and that provides products of combustion that flow through the draft tube. A distributor plate receives the micronized char, steam, and devolatilized hydrocarbons from the output of the micronized char preparation system. The indirect gasifier mixes the micronized char with steam at a temperature that converts them to syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a transport reactor with a pulverizer function that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam to provide heat for devolatilization, the micronized char preparation system producing micronized char, steam, and volatiles at an output; and i) a draft tube in the pressure vessel;', 'ii) a dense bed of solids that surrounds the draft tube;', 'iii) a combustor positioned below the draft tube that provides heat for the gasification reaction by combustion of hydrogen and air and that provides products of combustion that flow through the draft tube and exit at a vent positioned in the pressure vessel; and', 'iv) a distributor plate that receives the micronized char, steam, and devolatilized hydrocarbons from the output of the micronized char preparation system,, 'b) an indirect gasifier, comprising a pressure vessel reactor comprisingwherein the indirect gasifier mixes the micronized char with steam at a temperature that converts them to syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon ...

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Номер записи: 39
10-03-2022 дата публикации

Two-stage syngas production with separate char and product gas inputs into the second stage

Номер: US20220073829A1
Автор: Daniel A. Burciaga, Daniel Michael Leo, Dave G. Newport, Ravi Chandran
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International Inc

A two-stage syngas production method to produce a final product gas from a carbonaceous material includes producing a first product gas in a first reactor, separating char from the first product gas to produce separated char and char-depleted product gas, and separately reacting the separated char and the char-depleted product gas with an oxygen-containing gas in a second reactor to produce a final product gas. The separated char is introduced into the second reactor above the char-depleted product gas. The solids separation device may include serially connected cyclones, and the separated char may be entrained in a motive fluid in an eductor to produce a char and motive fluid mixture prior to being transferred to the second reactor. A biorefinery method produces a purified product from the final product gas.

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Номер записи: 40
01-03-2018 дата публикации

Method of producing product gas from multiple carbonaceous feedstock streams mixed with a reduced-pressure mixing gas

Номер: US20180057760A1
Автор: Brian Christopher ATTWOOD, Daniel A. Burciaga, Daniel Michael Leo, Dave G. Newport, Emily Jane SCHULTHEIS, Justin Kevin MILLER, Kaitlin Emily HARRINGTON, Kelly Ann KISHTON, Ravi Chandran, Shawn Robert Freitas
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International Inc

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

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Номер записи: 41
01-03-2018 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20180057762A1
Автор: Lucas Stephen H., Rich Lewis L., Tiverios Peter G.
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

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Номер записи: 42
02-03-2017 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE FROM A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Номер: US20170058219A1
Автор: Pye David
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of treating solid waste from a water treatment plant , the method comprising:conveying said waste from a water treatment plant comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;exposing the organic material to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the organic matter to a temperature of 160° C. or more;following the exposing of the organic material to an environment of saturated steam, pyrolysizing the organic material as a result of heating of the organic material in an retort comprising multiple heat radiant tubes providing heat distribution within the retort and the retort comprising an environment depleted of oxygen and maintained at about 700° C. or more;producing synthetic gaseous by-product via the pyrolyzing of the organic material; anddischarging the synthetic gaseous by product via ports from the retort into a manifold.2. The method of additionally comprising the steps of heating said waste from the water treatment plant in said pre-conditioner unit to a temperature of between about 400° C. and 600° C. to essentially sterilize at least a majority of said waste from the water treatment plant; andfollowing sterilization of the waste from the water treatment plant, separating inorganic materials from the organic materials.3. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of: cellulosic flakes claim 2 , wood and textiles.4. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.5. The method of wherein the step of heating said ...

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Номер записи: 43
02-03-2017 дата публикации

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20170058222A1
Автор: Lucas Stephen H., Rich Lewis L., Tiverios Peter G.
Принадлежит: FULCRUM BIOENERGY, INC.

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock. 1. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising:At least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon.3. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock , the high biogenic content fuel comprising:at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.5. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids.6. A high ...

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Номер записи: 44
28-02-2019 дата публикации

SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION WITH DECOUPLED PRESSURE AND HEAT TRANSFER MODULES

Номер: US20190062656A1
Автор: DIBBLE Robert, Ng Kim Choon, SARATHY Subram Maniam
Принадлежит: KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The present invention discloses a system and method for supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass materials wherein the system includes a SCWG reactor and a plurality of heat exchangers located within a shared pressurized vessel, which decouples the function of containing high pressure from the high temperature function. The present invention allows the heat transfer function to be conducted independently from the pressure transfer function such that the system equipment can be designed and fabricated in manner that would support commercial scaled-up SCWG operations. By using heat exchangers coupled to the reactor in a series configuration, significant efficiencies are achieved by the present invention SCWG system over prior known SCWG systems. 135-. (canceled)36. An apparatus for supercritical water gasification , the apparatus comprising:a pressure vessel having a wall separating an interior of the pressure vessel and an exterior of the pressure vessel;a reactor positioned within the interior of the pressure vessel, wherein the reactor is configured for super-critical water gasification of reactants to yield products;a supply path routed through the wall of the pressure vessel and to the reactor for providing reactants to the reactor from the exterior of the pressure vessel;an output path routed from the reactor and through the wall of the pressure vessel for providing products of super-critical water gasification from the reactor to the exterior of the pressure vessel; andone or more heat exchangers located within the interior of the pressure vessel, the one or more heat exchangers arranged and configured for transferring heat to reactants in the supply path from products in the output path, whereby heat is recycled from products and supplied to reactants en route to the reactor for super-critical water gasification processes,the apparatus configured to allow high temperature control to be decoupled from high pressure containment control.37. The ...

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Номер записи: 45
17-03-2022 дата публикации

Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels

Номер: US20220081630A1
Автор: Lucas Stephen H., Macias E. James, Rich Lewis L., Thomson Gregor A., Tiverios Peter G.
Принадлежит:

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

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Номер записи: 46
29-05-2014 дата публикации

Methods of Converting Fuel

Номер: US20140144082A1
Автор: Fanxing Li, Liang-Shih Fan, Luis Gilberto Velazquez Vargas, Puneet Gupta
Принадлежит: Ohio State University

A method for converting fuel may include reducing at least one metal oxide in a first reactor with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide, transporting the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the first reactor to a second reactor, oxidizing at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the first reactor in the second reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate, transporting the metal oxide intermediate from the second reactor to a third reactor, removing ash, char, or unwanted materials with a separation unit from the metal oxide intermediate transported from the second reactor to the third reactor, regenerating the at least one metal oxide, and transporting the regenerated metal oxide from the third reactor to the first reactor.

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Номер записи: 47
10-03-2016 дата публикации

Gasification system

Номер: US20160068773A1
Автор: James A. Batdorf, Jeffrey E. Surma
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC

A gasification system method and apparatus to convert a feed stream containing at least some organic material into synthesis gas having a first region, a second region, a gas solid separator, and a means for controlling the flow of material from the first region to the second region. The feed stream is introduced into the system, and the feed stream is partially oxidized in the first region thereby creating a solid material and a gas material. The method further includes the steps of separating at least a portion of the solid material from the gas material with the gas solid separator, controlling the flow of the solid material into the second region from the first region, and heating the solid material in the second region with an electrical means.

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Номер записи: 48
09-03-2017 дата публикации

System and Method for Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification

Номер: US20170066652A1
Автор: APANEL George, WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

A system, for production of high-quality syngas, comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than CO and Hfrom a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material. 1. A method for continuous dry reforming , the method comprising:introducing a feed comprising carbon dioxide and at least one selected from methane and propane into a fluid bed conditioner operated at a conditioning temperature, wherein the fluid bed conditioner is one fluid bed of a dual fluidized bed loop and is configured to convert at least a portion of said feed into synthesis gas components;extracting a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature from the fluid bed conditioner and introducing at least a portion of the first catalytic heat transfer stream and a flue gas into a fluid bed combustor, wherein the fluid bed combustor is configured to regenerate the catalyst via combustion;extracting a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature from the fluid bed combustor and introducing at least a portion of the second catalytic heat transfer stream into the fluid bed conditioner; andextracting synthesis gas from the fluid ...

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Номер записи: 49
09-03-2017 дата публикации

Integrated Process Plant Having a Biomass Reforming Reactor Using a Fluidized Bed

Номер: US20170066983A1
Автор: Argo Andrew, Broerman Andrew W., Jack Douglas S., Kelfkens Renus C., Simmons Wayne W.
Принадлежит:

An interconnected set of two or more stages of reactors to form a bio-reforming reactor that generates syngas for a number of different liquid fuel or chemical processes is discussed. A first stage includes a circulating fluidized bed reactor that is configured to cause a chemical devolatilization of the biomass into its reaction products of constituent gases, tars, chars, and other components, which exit through a reactor output from the first stage. A second stage of the bio-reforming reactor has an input configured to receive a stream of some of the reaction products that includes the constituent gases and at least some of the tars as raw syngas, and then chemically reacts the raw syngas within a vessel of the second stage to make the raw syngas from the first stage into a chemical grade syngas by further cracking the tars, excess methane, or both. 1. An integrated plant , comprising:an interconnected set of two or more stages of reactors to form a bio-reforming reactor that generate syngas for any of 1) a methanol synthesis reactor, 2) a Methanol to Gasoline reactor train process, and 3) a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train that use syngas derived from biomass in the bio-reforming reactor,where a first stage includes a circulating fluidized bed reactor that has one or more stream inputs to feed heat absorbing media, including silica sand, ilmenite, olivine, dolomite, zeolite catalysts and any combination of the five, a vessel to circulate the heat absorbing media, one or more supply inputs to feed the biomass, and has a sparger to input steam, where the first stage is configured to cause a chemical devolatilization of the biomass into its reaction products of constituent gases, tars, chars, and other components, which exit through a reactor output from the first stage, anda second stage of the bio-reforming reactor has an input configured to receive a stream of some of the reaction products that includes the constituent gases and at least some of the ...

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Номер записи: 50
19-03-2015 дата публикации

Thermal decomposition process for reducing agglomerate formation

Номер: US20150076411A1
Автор: Kim Carlo S. Ocfemia, Peter Simpson Bell
Принадлежит: INEOS BIO SA

A process provides for reducing agglomerate formation during thermal decomposition of a carbonaceous material feedstock. A non-catalytic thermal decomposition process includes providing generally solid feedstock to a thermal decomposition unit and moving the feedstock through at least one gasification zone in the thermal decomposition unit with a moving device. The process includes providing oxygen and optionally an additional gas to the gasification zone. In one aspect, the process includes moving feedstock through the gasification zone and providing oxygen to the gasification zone at rates effective for maintaining a material bed temperature not exceeding about 2300° F. at any point in the material bed, and for maintaining a material bed temperature of about 500° F. to about 2000° F.

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Номер записи: 51
15-03-2018 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE-STABILIZED UREA

Номер: US20180072658A1
Автор: ERLANDSSON Ola, MAGNUSSON Andreas, PACH John David, SHELDON Daniel
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of formaldehyde-stabilised urea is described comprising the steps of: (a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit; (b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas; (c) synthesising methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide; (d) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit; (e) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas; (f) synthesising ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia; (g) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a urea stream; and (h) stabilising the urea by mixing the urea stream and a stabiliser prepared using formaldehyde recovered from the formaldehyde production unit, wherein a source of air is compressed and divided into first and second portions, the first portion is provided to the formaldehyde production unit for the oxidation of methanol and the second portion is further compressed and provided to the synthesis gas generation unit. 1. A process for producing formaldehyde-stabilized urea comprising the steps of:(a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit;(b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas;(c) synthesizing methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off- ...

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Номер записи: 52
15-03-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE

Номер: US20180072659A1
Автор: ERLANDSSON Ola, MAGNUSSON Andreas, PACH John David, SHELDON Daniel
Принадлежит:

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for producing a formaldehyde-stabilised urea product comprising the steps of(a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit;(b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas;(c) synthesizing methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide;{'b': '9', '(d) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a process comprising subjecting the methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream, separating the formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream , wherein said recovered methanol forms at least a portion of the feed to said formaldehyde production unit;'}(e) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas;(f) synthesizing ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia;(g) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a ...

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Номер записи: 53
16-03-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF LIQUID FUELS IN A REACTOR, USE OF AN APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF LIQUID FUELS

Номер: US20170072377A1
Автор: Siemons Roland
Принадлежит:

In an apparatus comprising a chamber () of a reactor drops () of a to be converted liquid are generated by a nozzle () positioned in a space () separate from the chamber (). The drops () make a free fall thought the space and enter via an opening () the chamber () where they fall onto an evaporator body () for evaporation, the evaporated liquid leaves a solid deposit (), A gaseous reactant line () supplies a reactant gas for conversion of the solid deposit () on the surface of the evaporator body. 13123627328773398911927aa. Apparatus comprising a chamber () in a reactor and a feed line () for a liquid comprising a nozzle () for providing fuel to the chamber () , and an exhaust () characterized in that the nozzle () is positioned in a space () separate from the chamber () and the nozzle () is arranged such that drops () or a jet of liquid are formed which make a free fall into the chamber via an opening () in the space () leading into the chamber () , in such a way that the drops or the jet do not touch any solid surface before entering the chamber , and the chamber () comprises an evaporative body () for receiving the drops () or jet and for evaporating the drops fallen on the evaporative body () end a gaseous reactant supply line () for supplying a further reactant gas for conversion of a solid deposit formed by evaporation of the drops on the evaporative body () , wherein the solid angle confined by the nozzle () and the opening () is less than π/4 sr.2277aa. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the nozzle is arranged for making drops of fuel fall vertically wherein the distance (L) between the nozzle () and the opening () is at least larger than the diameter (D) of the opening ().3277aa. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the distance (L) between the nozzle () and the opening () is at least five times larger than the diameter (D) of the opening ().4911. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the evaporative body () comprises a bed of ...

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Номер записи: 54
17-03-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING CORROSION IN A REACTOR SYSTEM USING CORROSION PROTECTION LAYERS

Номер: US20160075957A1
Автор: COOKE Cameron Graeme
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Systems and methods for reducing or eliminating corrosion of components of a reactor system, including a supercritical water gasification system, are described. Corrosion protection layers may be configured to provide a physical barrier between component surfaces and subcritical fluid present in one or more subcritical zones during operation of the reactor system. The corrosion protection layers may include glass and silicon carbide, and may be positioned within the one or more subcritical zones to prevent the subcritical fluid from contacting component surfaces susceptible to corrosion from corrosive ions present in the subcritical fluid. 1. A reactor system configured to reduce or eliminate corrosion thereof , the system comprising:a system vessel comprising an inner surface, and having a subcritical zone configured to receive fluid at subcritical conditions; andat least one corrosion protection layer comprising silicon carbide at least partially encapsulated in glass, the at least one corrosion protection layer being positioned within the subcritical zone to provide a physical barrier that protects at least a portion of the inner surface from corrosion by the fluid.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor system is a supercritical water reactor system.3. (canceled)4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump configured to pump the fluid through the system vessel.56.-. (canceled)7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pre-heater.8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system vessel is configured as one of a reactor vessel claim 1 , a pre-heater claim 1 , and a heat exchanger.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor system is configured as a supercritical coal water gasifier.1113.-. (canceled)14. The system of claim 1 , wherein water within the subcritical zone is configured to a temperature below about 647 Kelvin.15. The system of claim 1 , wherein water within the ...

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Номер записи: 55
07-03-2019 дата публикации

Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification System and Process for Conversion of Biomass Feedstocks

Номер: US20190071606A1
Автор: Elliott Douglas C., Hart Todd R., Neuenschwander Gary G.
Принадлежит: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy. 115-. (canceled)16: A system for conversion of a biomass , the system comprising:a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) stage that hydrothermally liquefies the biomass in an aqueous medium at a temperature and pressure selected to form a conversion product comprising a separable bio-oil and an aqueous fraction containing residual organics therein; anda catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) stage operatively coupled to the HTL stage configured to receive the aqueous fraction containing residual organics from the HTL stage at a selected temperature and pressure that forms a product gas containing at least one medium BTU product gas.17: The system of claim 16 , further including an upgrade stage configured to upgrade the bio-oil released from the HTL stage over a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature up to about 450° C. and a hydrogen partial pressure up to about 150 atmospheres (1.52×104 kPa) that yields a green crude.18: The system of claim 16 , wherein the product gas when combusted generates sufficient energy such that the sum of the energy demands for conversion of the biomass feedstock to the product gas is a net positive.19: The system of claim 16 , further including one or more heat exchangers positioned to distribute heat to selected locations in the HTL stage and/or the CHG stage. This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/657,416 filed 8 Jun. 2012 entitled “Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification for ...

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Номер записи: 56
16-03-2017 дата публикации

GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20170073594A1
Автор: Kawai Yoshifumi, Kubota Haruhito, Matsumura Yukihiko, Noguchi Takashi, Oyama Keiji, Uchiyama Ichiro, Wada Yasutaka, Yamamura Yukimasa, Yamasaki Toshiki
Принадлежит:

A gasification system includes a countercurrent type heat exchanger that includes a low-temperature side flow channel through which a gasification feedstock flows, and a high-temperature side flow channel to which treated water in a supercritical state is introduced. The treated water raises a temperature of the gasification feedstock by exchanging heat with the gasification feedstock. The system further includes a reactor that gasifies the gasification feedstock, whose temperature has been raised by the countercurrent type heat exchanger, by heating and pressurizing the gasification feedstock to be in a supercritical state. The reactor discharges the gasification feedstock as treated water in the supercritical state. The system further includes a treated water flow channel that introduces, to the countercurrent type heat exchanger, the treated water that has been discharged from the reactor, and a feedstock introduction port that introduces the feedstock to the low-temperature side flow channel. 1. A gasification system comprising:a countercurrent type heat exchanger that includes a low-temperature side flow channel through which a gasification feedstock flows, and a high-temperature side flow channel to which treated water in a supercritical state is introduced, wherein the treated water raises a temperature of the gasification feedstock by exchanging heat with the gasification feedstock;a gasification reactor that gasifies the gasification feedstock, whose temperature has been raised by the countercurrent type heat exchanger, by heating and pressurizing the gasification feedstock to be in a supercritical state, wherein the gasification reactor discharges the gasification feedstock as treated water in the supercritical state;a treated water flow channel that introduces, to the countercurrent type heat exchanger, the treated water that has been discharged from the gasification reactor;a feedstock introduction port that introduces the gasification feedstock to the ...

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Номер записи: 57
12-06-2014 дата публикации

Production of Synthesis Gas From Biosolid-Containing Sludges Having a High Moisture Content

Номер: US20140158940A1
Автор: Esteban Chornet, Shahram NAVAEE-ARDEH
Принадлежит: Esteban Chornet, Shahram NAVAEE-ARDEH

A method of producing a synthetic gas or a synthesis gas from a biosolid, such as dewatered sludge, that has a solids content that does not exceed 30 wt. %. The biomass having a solids content that does not exceed 30 wt. % is mixed with tar-rich materials and/or char particles, and optionally a bulking agent. The tar-rich materials and/or char particles may be a by-product of producing synthesis gas from a biomass such as refuse-derived fuels. The resulting mixture then is heated to provide a mixture having a solids content of at least 75 wt. %. The mixture having a solids content of at least 75 wt. % then is gasified under conditions to produce a synthetic gas rich in CO/CO 2 or a synthesis gas rich in H 2 /CO.

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Номер записи: 58
22-03-2018 дата публикации

ADVANCED THERMAL TREATMENT APPARATUS

Номер: US20180079979A1
Автор: Donegan Daniel Michael
Принадлежит:

A system for pyrolysis or gasification having a first pyrolysis or gasification unit 50 connected to a second pyrolysis or gasification unit 53 by a hermetically sealed gas path. Pyrolysis is used to destroy calorific waste and/or to produce gas therefrom. 1. A system for pyrolysis or gasification having a first pyrolysis or gasification unit connected to a second pyrolysis or gasification unit by a hermetically sealed gas path.2. A system of claim 1 , wherein the second pyrolysis or gasification unit is a rotable retort.3. A system of claim 2 , wherein the hermetically sealed gas path connects to the second pyrolysis or gasification unit through a bearing of the retort.4. A system of claim 1 , wherein the first pyrolysis or gasification unit is a rotable retort.5. A system of claim 1 , wherein a perforated gas input pipe is located inside the second pyrolysis or gasification unit and the hermetically sealed gas path is connected to the perforated gas input pipe.6. A system of further comprising a first thermally insulated housing enclosing the first pyrolysis or gasification unit and a second thermally insulated housing enclosing the second pyrolysis or gasification unit.7. A system of claim 6 , wherein an exhaust duct connects the first thermally insulated housing to the second thermally insulated housing claim 6 , the exhaust duct being adapted to direct exhaust from the interior of the first thermally insulated housing to the interior of the second thermally insulated housing.8. A system of claim 7 , further comprising a first heating system adapted to heat the interior of the first thermally insulated housing and a second heating system adapted to heat the interior of the second thermally insulated housing.9. A system of claim 1 , wherein the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the second pyrolysis or gasification unit is higher than the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the first pyrolysis or gasification unit.10. A system of claim 1 , comprising a ...

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Номер записи: 59
26-03-2015 дата публикации

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

Номер: US20150086432A1
Автор: Harold A. Wright, Joshua B. PEARSON, Randy BLEVINS
Принадлежит: Res USA LLC

A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

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Номер записи: 60
23-03-2017 дата публикации

COAL CO-GASIFICATION METHOD

Номер: US20170081601A1
Автор: Chen Feng, PAN Xia
Принадлежит:

A coal co-gasification method, comprising the following steps: 1, fuel and a first pressurised oxygen-containing gas are injected into a gasifier, and the fuel is ignited so as to increase the temperature inside the gasifier; 2, when the temperature increase reaches a temperature capable of igniting powdered coal to be injected, injection of the fuel is stopped, injection of the first pressurised oxygen-containing gas is continued, and a pressurised carbon dioxide gas carrying the powdered coal to be injected is injected into the gasifier so as to perform powdered coal gasification; 3, once the powdered coal gasification has stabilised, coal-water slurry and an oxygen-containing gas are injected into the gasifier to perform co-gasification. The method operates stably, and overcomes cumbersome and time-consuming adjustment steps in the prior art. 1. A method for co-gasification of coal , comprising the following steps:step 1: injecting fuel and a first pressurized oxygen-containing gas into a gasifier, and igniting the fuel for temperature rise inside the gasifier;step 2: when the temperature rise reaches an extent at which pulverized coal to be injected can be ignited, stopping injecting the fuel, and maintaining injection of the first pressurized oxygen-containing gas; and injecting pressurized carbon dioxide gas carrying the pulverized coal to be injected into the gasifier for gasification of pulverized coal; andstep 3: after the gasification of the pulverized coal is stable, injecting coal water slurry and a second pressurized oxygen-containing gas into the gasifier for co-gasification.2. The method for co-gasification of coal according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,{'sup': 3', '3, 'in the step 2, an oxygen-coal ratio of the injected first pressurized oxygen-containing gas to the pulverized coal to be injected is within a range from 0.49 Nm/kg to 0.65 Nm/kg.'}3. The method for co-gasification of coal according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,{'sup': 3', '3, 'in the ...

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Номер записи: 61
25-03-2021 дата публикации

Method For The Production Of Synthesis Gas

Номер: US20210087481A1
Автор: BRAND Stefan, DREISER Christian, LADE Oliver, STEFANIDIS Georgios, WACHSEN Olaf
Принадлежит: CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LTD.

Disclosed is a process for the production of synthesis gas by plasma gasification of solid and/or liquid carbon-containing or hydrocarbon-containing material comprising the steps: (i) providing a solid and/or liquid feedstock comprising particulate carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material or a mixture of both, (ii) providing a carrier gas and combining this with the solid or liquid feedstock, (iii) feeding said solid or liquid feedstock and said carrier gas as a feed stream into a reactor comprising a reaction chamber or into a vaporizer which is arranged upstream to said reactor, (iv) introducing a swirl gas into the reactor which swirls around the feed stream and covers the interior walls of the reactor, (v) treating said feed stream downstream the introduction of the swirl gas into the reactor with a hot plasma to generate a product stream comprising synthesis gas from said carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material in the reaction chamber, (vi) removing the product stream from the reaction chamber, and (vii) separating the solid ingredients from the gaseous ingredients of the product stream. 1. A process for the production of synthesis gas by plasma gasification of solid and/or liquid carbon-containing or hydrocarbon-containing material comprising the steps:(i) providing a solid and/or liquid feedstock comprising particulate carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material or a mixture of both,(ii) providing a carrier gas and combining the carrier gas with the solid and/or liquid feedstock,(iii) feeding the solid and/or liquid feedstock and the carrier gas as a feed stream into a reactor comprising a reaction chamber or into a vaporizer which is arranged upstream to the said-reactor,(iv) introducing a swirl gas into the reactor which swirls around the feed stream and covers the interior walls of the reactor,(v) treating the feed stream downstream the introduction of the swirl gas into the reactor with a hot plasma to generate a product stream comprising synthesis ...

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Номер записи: 62
25-03-2021 дата публикации

Integrated method and integrated device for heavy oil contact lightening and coke gasification

Номер: US20210087484A1
Автор: Chengxiu Wang, Jinsen Gao, Xiaogang Shi, Xingying Lan, Yuming Zhang
Принадлежит: China University of Petroleum Beijing

An integrated method and an integrated device for heavy oil contact lightening and coke gasification are provided. The integrated method uses a coupled reactor including a cracking section and a gasification section, and the integrated method includes: feeding a heavy oil material into the cracking section to implement a cracking reaction, to obtain a light oil gas and a carbon-deposited contact agent; passing the carbon-deposited contact agent into the gasification section, so as to implement a gasification reaction, to obtain a regenerated contact agent and a syngas; and discharging the light oil gas and the ascended and incorporated syngas from the cracking section, to perform a gas-solid separation, so that the carbon-deposited contact agent carried is separated and returned to the cracking section, and a purified oil gas is obtained at the same time.

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Номер записи: 63
05-05-2022 дата публикации

SANDWICH GASIFICATION PROCESS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY CONVERSION OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS TO CLEAN SYNGAS WITH ZERO RESIDUAL CARBON DISCHARGE

Номер: US20220135892A1
Автор: Patel Nikhil Manubhai
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a gasifier and/or a gasification process that provides a long, uniform temperature zone in the gasifier, regardless of the particle size, chemical composition, and moisture content of the fuel by sandwiching a reduction zones between two oxidation zones. The gasifier and/or gasification process has a char that is more energy-dense and almost devoid of moisture that affords for an additional (or char) oxidation zone with a temperature that is higher than a first oxidation zone which is closer to an evaporation and devolatilization zone. As such, the additional (or char) oxidation zone contributes to augmenting the reduction zone temperature, thereby providing a favorable dual impact in improving syngas composition and near-complete conversion of the tar.

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Номер записи: 64
12-05-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND PROCESS ARRANGEMENT FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20220145194A1
Автор: NIEMINEN Matti, REINIKAINEN Matti
Принадлежит: TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY

A method and process arrangement for producing hydrocarbons from polymer-based waste in which the polymer-based waste is gasified with steam at low temperature in a gasifier for forming a product mixture, and the temperature is 640-750° C., and the product mixture is supplied from the gasifier to a recovery unit of the hydrocarbons for separating at least one hydrocarbon fraction. 1. A method for producing hydrocarbons from polymer-based waste , wherein the method comprises:gasifying the polymer-based waste with steam at low temperature in a gasifier for forming a product mixture, and the temperature is 640-750° C., andarranging the gasifier in parallel with at least one cracking unit, and supplying the product mixture from the gasifier and a hydrocarbon mixture of the cracking unit to a recovery unit of the hydrocarbons for separating at least one hydrocarbon fraction, wherein the product mixture is a portion of the feed to the recovery unit.2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gasifier is a fluidized bed gasifier.42. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment temperature is 700-750° C. in the gasifier ().52. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment temperature is 700-720° C. in the gasifier ().6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bed material is sand and/or calcium-containing bed material in a fluidized bed of the gasifier.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer-based waste comprises at least polyolefins and other polymers.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein residence time is 4-30 seconds in the gasifier.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the product mixture is cooled to temperature of 400-500° C. after the gasifier.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the product mixture is filtered after the gasifier.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the product mixture comprises at least ethylene claim 1 , propylene and light aromatic hydrocarbons.12. The ...

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Номер записи: 65
13-04-2017 дата публикации

COAL CO-GASIFICATION METHOD

Номер: US20170101593A1
Автор: Chen Feng, PAN Xia
Принадлежит: ENN COAL GASIFICATION MINING CO., LTD.

A coal co-gasification method, comprising the following steps: 1, fuel and a first pressurised oxygen-containing gas are injected into a gasifier, and the fuel is ignited so as to increase the temperature inside the gasifier; 2, when the temperature increase reaches a temperature capable of igniting coal-water slurry to be injected, injection of the fuel and the first pressurised oxygen-containing gas is stopped, and the coal-water slurry and a second pressurised oxygen-containing gas are injected into the gasifier so as to perform coal-water slurry gasification; 3, once the coal-water slurry gasification has stabilised, a third pressurised oxygen-containing gas and carbon dioxide carrying powdered coal are injected into the gasifier to perform co-gasification. The method operates stably, and overcomes cumbersome and time-consuming adjustment steps in the prior art. 1. A method for co-gasification of coal , comprising the following steps:step 1: injecting fuel and a first pressurized oxygen-containing gas into a gasifier, and igniting the fuel for temperature rise inside the gasifier;step 2: when the temperature rise reaches an extent at which coal water slurry to be injected can be ignited, stopping injecting the fuel and the first pressurized oxygen-containing gas; and injecting the coal water slurry to be injected and a second pressurized oxygen-containing gas into the gasifier for gasification of the coal water slurry; andstep 3: after the gasification of the coal water slurry is stable, injecting a third second pressurized oxygen-containing gas and a pressurized carbon dioxide gas carrying pulverized coal into the gasifier for co-gasification.2. The method for co-gasification of coal according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,{'sup': 3', '3, 'in the step 2, an oxygen-coal ratio of the injected second pressurized oxygen-containing gas to the coal water slurry is within a range from 0.54 Nm/kg to 0.70 Nm/kg.'}3. The method for co-gasification of coal according to ...

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Номер записи: 66
02-06-2022 дата публикации

Gasification of Torrefied Textiles and Fossil Fuels

Номер: US20220169931A1
Автор: Murphy Justin William, Trapp William Lewis, West Nathan Mitchell
Принадлежит: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY

Torrefied textiles can be gasified to produce a syngas suitable for making chemicals. Gasifying torrefied textile can generate a consistent quality of syngas and a hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio closer to that of coal relative to gasifying textiles. A variety of chemical compounds, reactants, polymers, fibers, and textiles can now be made utilizing syngas made by gasifying torrefied textiles. 1. (canceled)2. A process of making a torrefied textile derived polymer reactant , comprising making a torrefied textile derived syngas , and reacting said torrefied textile derived syngas to make a chemical or a torrefied textile derived polymer reactant optionally through one or more torrefied textile derived chemical intermediates.374-. (canceled)75. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reaction scheme to produce the polymer reactant comprises one or more of the following reactions: (1) converting said torrefied textile derived syngas to methanol; (2) reacting said methanol to produce acetic acid; (3) reacting said methanol and/or said acetic acid to produce methyl acetate; and (4) reacting said methyl acetate and/or said methanol to produce acetic anhydride.76. The process of claim 2 , wherein the polymer reactant comprises adipic acid made by carbonylation of butadiene with a torrefied textile derived syngas.77. The process of claim 2 , wherein adipic acid is reacted to make nylon 6 claim 2 ,6.78. A process for the production of syngas comprising:a. charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition to a gasification zone within a gasifier, said feedstock composition comprising torrefied textiles, andb. gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in a gasification zone to produce a torrefied textile derived syngas composition; andc. discharging at least a portion of the torrefied textile derived syngas composition from the gasifier.79. The process of claim 78 , comprising:a. providing a first textile, andb. torrefying said textile to make a torrefied textile ...

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Номер записи: 67
02-06-2022 дата публикации

FEED LOCATION FOR GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Номер: US20220169933A1
Автор: Murphy Justin William, Trapp William Lewis, West Nathan Mitchell
Принадлежит: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. A syngas composition can be made by charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition comprising recycle plastics and a solid fossil fuel to a gasification zone within a gasifier; gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in said gasification zone to produce said syngas composition; and discharging at least a portion of said syngas composition from said gasifier; wherein the recycled plastics are added to a feed point comprising a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder after the solid fossil fuel is loaded on the belt, a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder before the solid fossil fuel is loaded onto the belt, or a solid fossil fuel slurry storage tank containing a slurry of said solid fossil fuel ground to a size as the size fed to the gasification zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gasifier is an entrained flow slagging gasifier.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a solid fossil fuel grinder or to a belt containing a fossil fuel feeding the grinder.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to the solid fossil fuel in a low-pressure section that has a lower pressure that the pressure within the gasifier.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a feed belt.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are deposited onto a belt before solid fossil fuel is added onto the belt.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid fossil fuel is on top of the recycle plastics on the belt.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a coal feed belt.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a grinding mill containing coal and water.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a slurry ...

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Номер записи: 68
19-04-2018 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATION SYSTEM AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Номер: US20180105418A1
Автор: Kita Hiromi, MORITA MASASHI, ONUMA SHIGENORI, Tsuji Yoichiro, Wakita Hidenobu, Yukimasa Akinori, ZHANG Jin
Принадлежит:

A hydrogen generation system including: a reformer generating hydrogen-containing gas using a raw material and reforming water; a combustor combusting hydrogen-containing gas and air and generating exhaust gas; a first channel passing cooling water; a condenser generating condensed water by heat exchange between exhaust gas and cooling water; a tank storing condensed water as cooling water; a pump supplying cooling water from the tank to the condenser; a second channel branching at a branch between the pump and condenser in the first channel, and passing some cooling water to the reformer as reforming water; a heater provided downstream of the branch, and heating the first channel; a temperature detector detecting the temperature of the first channel; and a controller, in an activation operation mode, determining whether the second channel is filled with reforming water, based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector after the heater has operated. 1. A hydrogen generation system comprising:a reformer which generates a hydrogen-containing gas using a raw material and reforming water;a combustor which combusts the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer and air to generate an exhaust gas;an exhaust gas channel through which the exhaust gas is made to flow;a cooling water channel through which cooling water is made to flow in order to cool the exhaust gas;a condenser which causes moisture within the exhaust gas to be condensed by heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the cooling water to generate condensed water;a water tank which accumulates, as the cooling water, the condensed water generated in the condenser;a water supply pump which causes the cooling water accumulated inside the water tank to be supplied to the condenser;a reforming water channel which branches at a first branching part provided between the water supply pump and the condenser in the cooling water channel, and through which a portion of the cooling water is made to flow ...

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Номер записи: 69
20-04-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR REACTING ORGANIC MATERIALS TO GIVE HYDROGEN GAS

Номер: US20170107435A1
Автор: Jeney Peter
Принадлежит:

A device for reacting an organic starting material to yield a gas that includes hydrogen has a feed device, a tubular furnace with an entry zone, an interior space, an axis of rotation and an exit side, and a water feed arranged by the feed device or entry zone and controllable as a function of the content of hydrogen in the gas mixture. The feed device feeds the starting material in the region of the entry zone into the interior space of the tubular furnace, from which a solid material and a gas mixture is discharged. The tubular furnace has a compensator for different thermal expansions of a first zone and a second zone. A gas-conducting system includes a gas monitor for the content of hydrogen in the gas mixture. 2. The apparatus according to wherein the compensator is arranged in a transition area between the first zone and the second zone.3. The apparatus according to and further comprising a stationary bearing claim 1 , wherein the compensator is connected to the tubular furnace and designed to slide in relation to the stationary bearing claim 1 , wherein in the event of thermally-induced expansion the compensator is configured to be displaced relative to the bearing.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the tubular furnace is supported in a sliding manner in the region of the entry zone and/or the exit zone in order to permit thermally-induced expansion of the tubular furnace in the direction of the axis of rotation.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising in the area of the water feed an actuator is arranged and configured to regulate the water feed by way of a control variable which is provided by the gas monitor.6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising in the region of the first zone of the tubular furnace a preheating system that is configured to bring the starting material in the region of the first zone up to a temperature of between 300 degrees Celsius and 900 degrees Celsius.7. The apparatus according to ...

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Номер записи: 70
28-04-2016 дата публикации

Organic Fuel and Waste Reformer

Номер: US20160115405A1
Автор: Berggren Mark, Carrera Stacy Lorraine, Zubrin Robert
Принадлежит: Pioneer Astronautics

This invention pertains to the non-catalytic oxygenated steam reforming of organic matter to produce a gas mixture rich in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The reforming gas is used for production of methane, methanol, dimethyl ether, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other compounds via downstream processing catalytic gas-phase processes and electrolysis. The reforming gas may also be combusted directly for electricity generation. 1. A process for oxygenated steam reforming of organic matter to a gas product of hydrogen , carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide , and water comprising:a. Injection of oxygen and steam preheated by process waste into a reaction zone along with said organic matter;b. Operating the process at temperatures above 400 C and up to 1,500 C in the reformer section;c. Operating the process at pressures near atmospheric pressure to 200 bar in the absence of a catalyst; and,d. Partially combusting said organic matter with oxygen to generate heat that is used to reform the remainder of the organic matter in the presence of steam to form said product gas.2. The method of in which the organic matter is gas claim 1 , liquid claim 1 , or solid household wastes claim 1 , organic agriculture claim 1 , forestry claim 1 , fishing wastes claim 1 , organic construction wastes claim 1 , organic manufacturing or industrial wastes claim 1 , organic municipal or sanitary wastes claim 1 , organic medical wastes claim 1 , organic chemicals claim 1 , fuels claim 1 , organic matter from chemicals claim 1 , fuels including those derived from petroleum claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , coal claim 1 , shale claim 1 , natural gas claim 1 , or mixed organic wastes including those produced at human space exploration outposts in which the organic matter fed to the reformer consists of as-is material claim 1 , a shredded claim 1 , chopped claim 1 , crushed claim 1 , or ground feed claim 1 , or feed otherwise reduced in size or compacted or pelletized to achieve the particle ...

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Номер записи: 71
27-04-2017 дата публикации

BIOMASS HIGH EFFICIENCY HYDROTHERMAL REFORMER

Номер: US20170114291A1
Автор: BLEVINS Randy, Pearson Joshua B., WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

A mixing apparatus for producing a feedstock for a reformer, the mixing apparatus including at least one mixing vessel comprising a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom; a steam inlet configured for introducing steam into the conical bottom; a carbonaceous material inlet configured for introducing a carbonaceous feed into the cylindrical vessel; and an outlet for a reformer feedstock comprising at least 0.3 pounds of steam per pound of carbonaceous material, with the at least one mixing vessel configured for operation at a pressure of greater than about 10 psig. 1. A method of producing synthesis gas , the method comprising:mixing a carbonaceous feed comprising at least one carbonaceous material with superheated steam to produce a reformer feedstock; andreforming the reformer feedstock to produce a first synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, and carbon monoxide by introducing the reformer feedstock into a plurality of coiled tubes within a reformer at a reformer temperature and a reformer pressure at which at least a portion of the reformer feedstock is converted to synthesis gas.2. The method of wherein the reformer feedstock comprises less than or equal to about 1 lb of superheated steam per pound of carbonaceous material.3. The method of wherein the carbonaceous feed comprises primarily biomass.4. The method of wherein the carbonaceous feed further comprises a mixture of spent catalyst and liquid Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons produced as a byproduct of downstream conversion of the synthesis gas to Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons.5. The method of wherein each of the plurality of coiled tubes has a height in the range of from about 40 feet to about 100 feet and a coil length that is at least four times the vertical height.6. The method of wherein each of the plurality of coiled tubes has a coil length in the range of from about 400 feet to about 900 feet.7. The method of further comprising maintaining the reformer temperature via combustion of a fuel.8. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 72
03-05-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING ACTIVE PARTICLE-CONTAINING STEAM

Номер: US20180117559A1
Автор: CAO Minxia, CHEN Yilong, LI HONG, ZHANG Yanfeng
Принадлежит:

A device for preparing a high-temperature and active particle-containing steam. The device includes a steam generator including an inlet for introducing a plasma medium and an inlet for introducing a steam. In the steam generator, the steam is heated and activated by the plasma medium to form an active particle-containing steam which improves the gasification rate and efficiency in the gasification of coal, biomass, and garbage. 2. The device of claim 1 , whereinthe steam generator further comprises between 1 and 4 annular gaps, a housing, a pressure conveyor, and a plurality of nozzles,the between 1 and 4 annular gaps are sequentially arranged at intervals on the housing and divide the housing into a plurality of sections, each of the plurality of sections has an inner diameter;the inner diameters of the plurality of sections are sequentially larger along the direction from the plasma inlet to the plasma outlet; andthe between 1 and 4 annular gaps are connected to the pressure conveyor through the plurality of nozzles and are adapted to receive a second steam into the steam generator, wherein the second steam is pushed into the steam generator by the pressure conveyor.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of sections has a length of between 300 and 800 mm.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein each of the between 1 and 4 annular gaps has a radial width of between 3 and 15 mm.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the steam generator further comprises an end surface comprising a central part; and the plasma inlet is disposed at the central part.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the steam generator further comprises a rotary guide vane; and the rotary guide vane is disposed inside the steam inlet and is adapted to rotate the first steam.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the steam inlet is in an annular shape. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/929,847, filed Jun. 28, 2013, now pending, which is a continuation-in-part ...

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Номер записи: 73
05-05-2016 дата публикации

SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL REACTOR AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20160122670A1
Автор: AuYeung Nicholas, Greek Benjamin, Hahn David Worthington, Klausner James F., Lu Jinchao, Mei Renwei, Mishra Rishi, MOMEN AYYOUB MEHDIZADEH, Petrasch Joerg, Sehgal Nikhil
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is a solar reactor comprising a reactor member; an aperture for receiving solar radiation, the aperture being disposed in a plane on a wall of the reactor member, where the plane is oriented at any angle other than parallel relative to the centerline of the reactor member; a plurality of absorber tubes, wherein the absorber tubes are oriented such that their respective centerlines are at an angle other than 90° relative to the centerline of the reactor member; and wherein the aperture has a hydraulic diameter that is from 0.2 to 4 times a hydraulic diameter of at least one absorber tube in the plurality of absorber tubes; and a reactive material, the reactive material being disposed in the plurality of absorber tubes. 1. A solar reactor comprising:a reactor member;an aperture for receiving solar radiation, the aperture being disposed in a plane on a wall of the reactor member, where the plane is oriented at any angle other than parallel relative to the centerline of the reactor member;a plurality of absorber tubes, wherein the absorber tubes are oriented such that their respective centerlines are at an angle other than 90° relative to the centerline of the reactor member; and wherein the aperture has a hydraulic diameter that is from 0.2 to 4 times a hydraulic diameter of at least one absorber tube in the plurality of absorber tubes; anda reactive material, the reactive material being disposed in the plurality of absorber tubes.2. The solar reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of absorber tubes are oriented at an angle that is parallel or substantially parallel to the center line of the reactor member.3. The solar reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of absorber tubes are disposed along a full inner perimeter of the reactor member.4. The solar reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a sealing member claim 1 , wherein the sealing member is operative to seal at least one end of the absorber tubes in the plurality of absorber tubes.5. The ...

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Номер записи: 74
03-05-2018 дата публикации

DIRECT REDUCTION WITH COAL GASIFICATION AND COKE OVEN GAS

Номер: US20180119236A1
Автор: MICHISHITA Haruyasu, Winter John
Принадлежит: MIDREX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

A method and apparatus for producing direct reduced iron (DRI), including: generating a reducing gas in a coal gasifier using coal, oxygen, steam, and a first coke oven gas (COG) stream as inputs to the coal gasifier; and delivering the reducing gas to a shaft furnace and exposing iron ore agglomerates to the reducing gas to form metallic iron agglomerates. The method further includes delivering a second COG stream directly to the shaft furnace. 1. A method for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) , comprising:generating a reducing gas in a coal gasifier using coal, oxygen, steam, and a first coke oven gas (COG) stream as inputs to the coal gasifier; anddelivering the reducing gas to a shaft furnace and exposing iron ore agglomerates to the reducing gas to form metallic iron agglomerates.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising delivering a second COG stream to the shaft furnace.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising delivering the second COG stream to one or more of a transition zone and a cooling zone below a primary reducing zone within the shaft furnace.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing sulfur from the reducing gas prior to delivering the reducing gas to the shaft furnace.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the reducing gas prior to delivering the reducing gas to the shaft furnace.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising compressing the first COG stream.7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising compressing the second COG stream.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing one or more of tar and heavy hydrocarbons from the first COG stream.9. The method of claim 2 , further comprising removing one or more of tar and heavy hydrocarbons from the second COG stream.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first coke oven gas stream is input to the coal gasifier coincident with the oxygen.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first coke oven gas stream is input to the coal gasifier coincident with ...

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Номер записи: 75
27-05-2021 дата публикации

Char Preparation System and Gasifier for All-Steam Gasification with Carbon Capture

Номер: US20210155860A1
Автор: Knowlton Teddy M., Parkes John, Reddy Karri Surya B., Swanson Michael L., Todd Douglas M., Tolbert Scott G.
Принадлежит:

An ASG system for polygeneration with CC includes a devolatilizer that pyrolyzes solid fuel to produce char and gases. A burner adds exothermic heat by high-pressure sub-stoichiometric combustion, a mixing pot causes turbulent flow of the gases to heat received solid fuel, and a riser micronizes resulting friable char. A devolatilizer cyclone separates the micronized char by weight providing micronized char, steam and gases to a gasifier feed and oversized char to the mixing pot. An indirect fluid bed gasifier combustion loop includes a gasifier coupled to the gasifier feed, a steam input to provide oxygen for gasification and to facilitate sand-char separation, and an output for providing syngas. A burner provides POC to a mixing pot which provides hot sand with POC to a POC cyclone via a riser, where the POC cyclone separates sand and POC by weight and provides POC and sand for steam-carbon reaction. 1. An all-steam gasification system for polygeneration with carbon capture , the system comprising: i) a devolatilizer burner having at least one input that receives gases comprising hydrogen, oxygen and steam or gases comprising syngas, steam, and a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the devolatilizer burner adding exothermic heat to the devolatilizer by high-pressure sub-stoichiometric combustion of the received gases to eliminate substantially all oxidation of char in the devolatilizer;', 'ii) a devolatilizer mixing pot having an input coupled to the output of the devolatilizer burner and a solid fuel input that receives solid fuel, the devolatilizer mixing pot configured to cause a turbulent flow of hot gases provided by the devolatilizer burner to heat the received solid fuel and to generate friable char, pyrolysis gas, and steam at an output;', 'iii) a riser having an input that is coupled to the output of the devolatilizer mixing pot, the riser micronizing the friable char and providing the micronized char with volatiles and steam to an output;', 'iv) a ...

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Номер записи: 76
12-05-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR DUPLEX ROTARY REFORMER

Номер: US20160130513A1
Автор: Galloway Terry R.
Принадлежит: INTELLERGY, INC.

Methods apparatus for producing fuel and power from the reformation of organic waste. Various embodiments include the use of steam to produce syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction, followed by conversion of that syngas product to hydrogen. Some embodiments include the use of a heated auger both to heat the organic waste and further to cool the syngas. 1. A method for calcination of organic material , comprising:providing a kiln having two opposing ends with a waste entrance and a syngas exit at one end and a steam reformer at the other end, and including an internal helical spiral flight rotatable relative to the kiln;conveying a feedstock of organic material from the entrance toward the steam reformer by rotation of the kiln relative to the spiral flight;heating the conveyed organic material by the steam reformer to form hot syngas; andheating the spiral flight by flowing the hot syngas from the other end toward the syngas exit.2. The method of which further comprises inertially separating particulates entrained within the heated organic material by the relative rotation.3. The method of wherein the steam reformer is electrically heated.4. The method of which further comprises grinding inorganic material within the feedstock and removing the ground material from a second exit of the kiln.5. The method of which further comprises preventing the inflow of air into the kiln through the second exit.6. The method of wherein said conveying is by rotating the spiral flight and holding fixed the one end and the other end.7. The method of wherein the spiral flight and a portion of the kiln combine to create an internal gas passage claim 1 , and said heating the spiral flight is by flowing the hot syngas within the internal gas passage.8. An apparatus for calcination of organic material claim 1 , comprising:a kiln including first and second stationary ends and a rotating midsection between the two ends, the first end including an entrance for organic material and an exit for ...

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Номер записи: 77
21-05-2015 дата публикации

Biomass gasifier device

Номер: US20150135594A1
Автор: Fumie Kagaya, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hisashi Kamiuchi, Kiyoshi Dowaki, Kousuke SUDA, Mitsuo Kameyama, Naoki Dowaki, Yasuie TAKEDA
Принадлежит: Japan Blue Energy Co Ltd

A gasification apparatus can produce hydrogen-containing gas from biomass with high thermal efficiency at low costs without severe trouble caused by tar generated by pyrolyzing the biomass, while maximizing the gasification rate of the tar. The gasification apparatus includes a biomass pyrolyzing zone for heating biomass in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a gas reforming zone for heating the resulting pyrolyzed gas in the presence of steam. A plurality of preheated granules and/or lumps is moved from the gas reforming zone to the biomass pyrolyzing zone, the apparatus reforms the gas generated by pyrolyzing the biomass and pyrolyzes the biomass, using the heat of the granules and/or lumps. The biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone is provided in a single vessel, and at least one partitioning plate is provided between the biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone.

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Номер записи: 78
11-05-2017 дата публикации

GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS AND GAS TO LIQUID PROCESSES

Номер: US20170129833A1
Автор: Anthony Rayford Gaines, Borsinger Gregory G., HASSAN Abbas, Hassan Aziz
Принадлежит:

Herein disclosed is a system for producing an organic, the system including at least one high shear mixing device having at least one rotor and at least one stator separated by a shear gap, wherein the shear gap is the minimum distance between the at least one rotor and the at least one stator; a pump configured for delivering a fluid stream comprising liquid medium and light gas to the at least one high shear mixing device, wherein the at least one high shear mixing device is configured to form a dispersion of the light gas in the liquid medium; and a reactor comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein the at least one inlet of the reactor is fluidly connected to the at least one high shear mixing device, and wherein the at least one outlet is configured for extracting the organic therefrom. 1. A method of producing synthesis gas from carbonaceous material , the method comprising:(a) providing a mixture comprising carbonaceous material and a liquid medium;(b) subjecting the mixture to high shear under gasification conditions whereby a high shear-treated stream comprising synthesis gas is produced; and(c) separating a product comprising synthesis gas from the high shear-treated stream.2. The method of wherein (b) subjecting the mixture to high shear to produce a high shear-treated stream comprising synthesis gas further comprises contacting the mixture with at least one gas or vapor selected from the group consisting of steam claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , air claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , and associated gas.3. The method of further comprising contacting the mixture with a catalyst that promotes the formation of synthesis gas.4. The method of further comprising recycling separated unreacted carbonaceous material claim 1 , separated liquid medium or both from (c) to (a).5. The method of wherein the carbonaceous material comprises coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , peat claim 1 , natural gas claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of wherein the coal ...

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Номер записи: 79
01-09-2022 дата публикации

GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Номер: US20220275298A1
Автор: Murphy Justin William, Trapp William Lewis, West Nathan Mitchell
Принадлежит: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. High solids concentrations in the feedstock stream can be obtained without significant impact on the feedstock stream stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced, including generation of carbon dioxide and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of fluidized bed or fixed bed waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The subsequent syngas produced from this material can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals. 19-. (canceled)10. A feedstock slurry composition comprising recycle plastics , a solid fossil fuel , and water , wherein the recycle plastics have a particle size of not more than 2 mm , and the solid fossil fuel in the feedstock composition has a particle size of less than 2 mm , the solids content in the slurry is at least 62 wt. % , the amount of recycle plastics present in the feedstock stream slurry composition is 0.1 wt. % and up to 25 wt. % based on the weight of all solids , and the water is at least 20 wt. % based on the weight of the feedstock slurry composition , and wherein either:a. the slurry is stable as determined by having an initial viscosity of 100,000 cP or less at 5 minutes using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1.83/s or a Brookfield viscometer with an LV-2 spindle rotating at a rate of 0.5 rpm, measured at ambient conditions; orb. the slurry is pumpable as determined by having a viscosity of less than 30,000 cP after mixing to obtain a homogeneous distribution of solids throughout the slurry and using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1.83/s or a Brookfield viscometer with an LV-2 spindle rotating at a rate of 0.5 measured at ambient conditions, orc. both.11. ...

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Номер записи: 80
10-05-2018 дата публикации

Cellulosic biomass processing for hydorgen extraction

Номер: US20180131022A1
Автор: Daniel C. Weaver, Daniel L. Hensley, Samuel C. Weaver, Samuel P. Weaver
Принадлежит: Proton Power Inc

Methods are disclosed for extracting hydrogen from a biomass compound comprising carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The biomass may include cellulose, lignin, and/or hemicellulose. Water is combined with the compound to produce a wet form of the compound. The wet form of the compound is transferred into a reaction processing chamber. The wet form of the compound is heated within the reaction chamber such that elements of the compound dissociate and react, with one reaction product comprising hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is processed to generate electrical power.

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Номер записи: 81
19-05-2016 дата публикации

ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFIER AND METHOD FOR REMOVING MOLTEN SLAG

Номер: US20160137935A1
Автор: Fusselman Steven P., YOWS Stephen Arthur
Принадлежит: GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

An entrained-flow gasifier reactor includes a vessel and a first liner within the vessel. The first liner extends around a reaction zone in the vessel and has an inlet end and an exit end with respect to the reaction zone. The first liner includes a drip lip at the exit end. An isolator is arranged near the drip lip. The isolator is operable to thermally isolate the drip lip from a quench zone downstream from the reaction zone such that molten slag at the drip lip remains molten. 1. An entrained-flow gasifier reactor comprising:a vessel;a first liner within the vessel, the first liner extending around a reaction zone in the vessel and having an inlet end and an exit end with respect to the reaction zone;a drip lip at the exit end of the first liner;an isolator arranged near the drip lip, the isolator operable to thermally isolate the drip lip from a quench zone downstream of the reaction zone such that molten slag at the drip lip remains molten.2. The entrained-flow gasifier reactor as recited in claim 1 , wherein the isolator diverges from the exit end of the first liner.3. The entrained-flow gasifier reactor as recited in claim 1 , wherein the isolator is an internally-cooled liner.4. The entrained-flow gasifier reactor as recited in claim 1 , wherein the isolator extends circumferentially around the drip lip.5. The entrained-flow gasifier reactor as recited in claim 4 , wherein there is a radial gap between the isolator and the drip lip.6. The entrained-flow gasifier reactor as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a second liner arranged downstream from the first liner claim 1 , the second liner extending around the quench zone in the vessel.7. The entrained-flow gasifier reactor as recited in claim 6 , wherein the first liner and the second liner are each internally cooled.8. The entrained-flow gasifier reactor as recited in claim 6 , wherein the first liner has a maximum diameter and the second liner has a minimum diameter that is greater than the maximum ...

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Номер записи: 82
28-05-2015 дата публикации

COAL GASIFIER

Номер: US20150144843A1
Автор: Ishii Hiromi, Koyama Yoshinori, Ota Katsuhiro, Yamamoto Takashi, Yokohama Katsuhiko
Принадлежит:

Provided is a coal gasifier enabling a reduction in size of a shift reactor by generating hydrogen-rich gasified coal gas. In a coal gasifier (G) generating gasified coal gas by a gasification reaction proceeding in a furnace fed with a gasifiable raw material, such as coal, and a gasifying agent, at least one of water and steam is fed to the furnace as a material accelerating a hydrogen-generating reaction that proceeds simultaneously with the gasification reaction. 16-. (canceled)7. A process of generating gasified coal gas by a gasification reaction , said method comprising: feeding a gasifiable raw material including coal , and a gasifying agent , in a coal gasifier that is a two-stage entrained-bed gasifier having a combustion chamber and a reduction chamber ,wherein said feeding comprises: 'feeding, in the reduction chamber, the gasifiable raw material from outside of the furnace via a reduction chamber burner without feeding the gasifying agent, the water, and the steam.', 'feeding, in the combustion chamber, at least one of water and steam as a material accelerating a hydrogen-generating reaction proceeding together with the gasification reaction, as well as the gasifiable raw material and the gasifying agent, from outside of the furnace via a combustion chamber burner; and'}8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein an amount of the water or steam to be fed is 0.1 to 0.8 on a mass basis relative to an amount of the gasifiable raw material to be fed in the combustion chamber.9. The process according to claim 7 , further comprising cooling the gasified coal gas by a gas-cooling heat exchanger claim 7 , andwherein an amount of carbon (C) remaining in unreacted coal passing through the gas-cooling heat exchanger together with the gasified coal gas is set to 30% or more.10. The process according to claim 9 , further comprising introducing the steam to flow in a water cooling wall to cool a periphery of the coal gasifier and/or the gas-cooling heat exchanger. ...

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Номер записи: 83
28-05-2015 дата публикации

Gasifier Having Integrated Fuel Cell Power Generation System

Номер: US20150147667A1
Автор: Chandran Ravi
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the Hand CO generated in the bed are oxidized to HO and COto create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons. 1. A method of steam reforming carbonaceous material to produce Hand CO while simultaneously producing power , the method comprising:providing a steam reformer vessel having a fluidized bed containing bed material;providing at least one fuel cell element which protrudes into the fluidized bed, the at least one fuel cell element comprising an outer anode and an inner cathode with the outer anode being in direct contact with the bed material and the cathode being supplied with an oxidant;introducing carbonaceous material and superheated steam into the fluidized bed; and (i) the fuel cell element outputs power;', '(ii) the superheated steam reacts with the carbonaceous material to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the fluidized bed;', '(iii) oxygen is transported from the cathode to the anode and reacts with hydrogen in the fluidized bed to produce additional steam for steam reforming the carbonaceous material into additional hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and', '(iv) the bed material operates at a temperature of about 600° C. to about 1,000° C., 'operating the fluidized bed such that2. The method according to claim ...

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Номер записи: 84
26-05-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS

Номер: US20160145514A1
Автор: CHEN Yilong, TANG Hongming, ZHANG Yanfeng
Принадлежит:

A system for gasifying biomass is disclosed. The system comprises a water storage tank, a water pump, a heat exchanger, a plasma torch heater, a gasifier, an ash cooler, a spray tower, a dust collector, a deacidification tower, and a desiccator. The water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger; the vapor outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the vapor inlet of the plasma torch heater; the vapor outlet of the plasma torch heater is connected to the vapor nozzle of the gasifier; the ash outlet of the gasifier is connected to the ash inlet of the ash cooler; the gas outlet of the gasifier is connected to the gas inlet of the spray tower; and the gas outlet of the spray tower is connected to the gas inlet of the heat exchanger. 246. The system of claim 1 , wherein said system further comprises a nitrogen protecting device () connected to a feed inlet of said gasifier ().36. The system of claim 1 , wherein said system further comprises a plurality of vapor nozzles claim 1 , said vapor nozzles are arranged on said gasifier () and grouped into 3-4 height levels claim 1 , and said vapor nozzles of each level are evenly and tangentially arranged along a circumferential direction.46. The system of claim 2 , wherein said system further comprises a plurality of vapor nozzles claim 2 , said vapor nozzles are arranged on said gasifier () and grouped into 3-4 height levels claim 2 , and said vapor nozzles of each level are evenly and tangentially arranged along a circumferential direction. This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 13/745,858 filed on Jan. 20, 2013, now pending, which is a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2011/076843 with an international filing date of Jul. 5, 2011, designating the United States, and which further claims priority benefits to Chinese Patent Application No. 201010234086.6 filed Jul. 20, 2010. The contents of all of the aforementioned applications, including any intervening ...

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Номер записи: 85
25-05-2017 дата публикации

ULTRA-LOW WATER INPUT OIL SANDS RECOVERY PROCESS

Номер: US20170145326A1
Автор: Fraser Roydon Andrew, Ordouei Mohammad Hossein, Thé Jesse
Принадлежит: Lakes Environmental Research Inc.

A method of processing raw oil sands material that includes bitumen. The method includes, in a predistillation process, heating the raw oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C. to at least partially vaporize the bitumen, to provide atmospheric gas oil and vacuum gas oil from the bitumen, and to provide coked oil sands material that includes carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The coked oil sands material is heated to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. Heat energy is transferred from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to the raw oil sands material. 1. A method of processing raw oil sands material comprising bitumen , the method comprising: (i) heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material;', '(ii) heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand;, '(a) subjecting an oil sands material comprising the raw oil sands material to a predistillation process comprising(b) heating the coked oil sands material to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases; and(c) transferring heat energy from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to at least one of the oil sands material and the intermediate dried oil sands material.2. A method according to additionally comprising:(d) refining the atmospheric gas oil to provide at least one of liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline; and(e) refining the vacuum gas oil to provide at least one of jet fuel, diesel fuel, and gas oil.3. A method according to in which the syngas is further ...

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Номер записи: 86
02-06-2016 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF DIMETHYL ETHER

Номер: US20160152899A1
Автор: Fleckner Karen, Neylon Michael Kraft
Принадлежит:

The present invention concerns the production and use of feedstock streams. Specifically, the present invention provides a process for the production of a commodity using two or more feedstock streams. Each feedstock stream is processed into a common intermediate and subsequently processed into a final product, such as electrical energy, a liquid fuel or a liquefied fuel, such as methanol, dimethyl ether, synthetic gasoline, diesel, kerosene, or jet fuel. The common intermediate may be synthetic gas (syngas), producer gas or pyrolysis gas. 1. A process for the production of a commodity using two or more feedstock streams , wherein each feedstock stream is processed into a common intermediate and subsequently processed into a final product , thereby producing the commodity.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the final product is electrical energy.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the final product is a liquid fuel or a liquefied fuel.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the final product is methanol.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the final product is dimethyl ether.6. The process of claim 3 , wherein the final product is synthetic gasoline claim 3 , diesel claim 3 , kerosene claim 3 , or jet fuel.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the common intermediate is synthetic gas (syngas).8. The process of claim 1 , where the common intermediate is producer gas or pyrolysis gas.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two or more feedstock streams has a reduced temporal average composition variance as compared to a second of the two or more feedstock streams claim 1 , and wherein the reduced variance is at most 25% of the variance of the second feedstock stream.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein throughput ratio of the reduced variance feedstock stream to the second feedstock stream is adjusted to reduce the variance of the common intermediate.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two or more feedstock streams is natural gas.12. The ...

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Номер записи: 87
02-06-2016 дата публикации

Biomass to Transportation Fuels Using a Fischer-Tropsch Process

Номер: US20160152905A1
Автор: Hohman Jerrod Wayne, Jack Douglas S., Kelfkens Renus C., Simmons Wayne W., White Sidney P.
Принадлежит:

An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a steam biomass reforming in a multiple stage bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass is discussed. The first stage has a reactor to cause a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, tars, chars, and other components into a raw syngas mixture. A second stage performs further reforming of the raw syngas from the first stage into the chemical grade syngas by further applying heat and pressure to chemically crack at least the tars, reform the CH4, or a combination of both, into their corresponding syngas molecules. The second stage feeds the chemical grade syngas derived from the biomass feedstock to the downstream Fischer-Tropsch train to produce the fuel from the biomass. One or more recycle loops supply tail gas or FT product back into the plant. 1. An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass , comprising:an interconnected set of two or more stages forming the bio reforming reactor, where a first stage structurally includes a circulating fluidized bed reactor that circulates a heat absorbing media, where the first stage structurally also includes one or more steam inputs and one or more biomass feedstock supply lines into the circulating fluidized bed reactor of the first stage, where the first stage is structured and configured so that the circulating fluidized bed reactor causes a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), tars, chars and other components into a raw syngas mixture, where the second stage has ...

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Номер записи: 88
15-09-2022 дата публикации

Supercritical Water Gasification Process

Номер: US20220290064A1
Автор: Baudhuin Thomas J.
Принадлежит:

The process described herein converts biomass directly into a combination of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide. A portion of the gases are collected at pressures above the thermodynamic critical pressure for water, which is 3200 psi (pounds per square inch). Typical operating pressure at the point where the first portion of gas collected can range from 3200 psi to 6000 psi. Upon cooling, most of the COcondenses to a liquid. At this density and pressure, the COcan be injected into a deep well aquifer to sequester the carbon dioxide. The overall process is superior to carbon neutral processes, can be carbon negative, and possesses the potential to reverse atmospheric COtrends if implemented on a global scale. 1. A process for converting a biomass stream into a product stream comprising hydrogen , methane , and carbon dioxide using a supercritical water gasification reactor , the process comprising:(i) exchanging heat, using a first heat exchanger, between a feedwater stream and the product stream, wherein the feedwater stream is heated by the product stream to a first temperature;(ii) feeding the feedwater stream exiting the first heat exchanger to a heater that is configured to heat the feedwater stream from the first temperature to a second temperature;(iii) exchanging heat, using a second heat exchanger, between the product stream and the feedwater stream exiting the heater, wherein the feedwater stream is heated by the product from the second temperature to a third temperature;(iv) feeding the feedwater stream exiting the second heat exchanger to the heater, wherein the heater is configured to heat the feedwater stream from the third temperature to a fourth temperature; and(v) reacting the feedwater stream provided by the heater with the biomass stream in the supercritical water gasification reactor to produce the product stream.2. The process of wherein step (i) further includes utilizing an additional heat exchanger to exchange heat between the product stream ...

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Номер записи: 89
15-09-2022 дата публикации

Combination of anaerobic treatment of carbonaceous material with hydrothermal gasification to maximize value added product recovery

Номер: US20220290065A1
Автор: Mathieu Haddad, Pierre-Emmanuel Pardo
Принадлежит: Suez International SAS

A method for treating carbonaceous material, the method includes a) providing a carbonaceous material CM, b) subjecting the carbonaceous material CM to hydrothermal gasification in a HTG reactor, thereby producing: an inorganic solid residue, a first gaseous fraction G1 comprising CH4, CO, CO2 and H2, and a filtrate F1 containing readily biodegradable carbons such as VFAs, c) subjecting at least part of the filtrate F1 to an anaerobic treatment step in an anaerobic tank, leading to a digestate. An installation for treating carbonaceous material is also provided.

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Номер записи: 90
07-05-2020 дата публикации

GASIFICATION CO-GENERATION PROCESS OF COAL POWDER IN A Y-TYPE ENTRAINED FLOW BED

Номер: US20200140769A1
Автор: Jiang Yuan, Qiao Yingyun, Tian Yuanyu, Xie Kechang, Zhang Jinhong, Zong Peijie
Принадлежит: CHINA UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM (EAST CHINA)

A gasification co-generation process of coal powder in a Y-type entrained flow bed, comprising: spraying coal water slurry or coal powder, gasification agent and water vapor into a gasification furnace through a top nozzle and a plurality of side nozzles for performing combustion and gasification with a residence time of 10 s or more; chilling the resulting slag with water, and subjecting the chilled slag to a dry method slagging to obtain gasification slag used as cement clinker; discharging the produced crude syngas carrying fine ash from the Y-type entrained flow bed to perform ash-slag separation. 1. A gasification co-generation process of coal powder in a Y-type entrained flow bed , comprising the following steps:(1) mixing coal with lime powder to obtain coal powder, or mixing the coal, lime powder and water to obtain coal water slurry; in the coal water slurry or coal powder, the weight ratio of calcium to aluminum is 2-4:1, the weight ratio of calcium to silicon is 1-4:1, and the weight ratio of calcium to iron is 1-3:1;(2) introducing the coal water slurry or coal powder, gasification agent and water vapor into a gasification furnace of a Y-type entrained flow bed, and performing combustion and gasification at a temperature range of 1,300-2,000° C., so as to produce a crude syngas and slag at a temperature range of 1300-2000° C.;wherein the coal water slurry or coal powder, gasification agent and water vapor are sprayed into the gasification furnace through a top nozzle and a plurality of side nozzles of the gasification furnace, and collide, ignite and turbulently mix with each other at the combustion chamber center of the gasification furnace, to form a rotational strike and high temperature reaction zone; the residence time of a residual ash generated by the combustion and gasification in the rotational strike and high temperature reaction zone is 10 s or more;the residual ash is thrown toward the furnace wall of the gasification furnace and swirled ...

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Номер записи: 91
07-05-2020 дата публикации

RECOVERY OF CHEMICALS FROM FUEL STREAMS

Номер: US20200141570A1
Автор: Gustavsson Christer, Pallarès David, Seemann Martin, Ström Henrik, Thunman Henrik
Принадлежит:

Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor. 1300400500600. A fluidized bed reactor ( , , , ) configured to react a fuel in a fluidized bed of bed solids , the reactor comprising:{'b': '301', 'a container () configured to hold the bed of bed solids;'}{'b': 302', '301', '310', '330', '310, 'claim-text': [{'b': '316', 'a fuel inlet () configured to receive the fuel;'}, {'b': '314', 'a LowOx gas inlet () disposed at a first portion of a bottom of the container;'}, {'b': 311', '314, 'a LowOx gas supply () configured to supply an inert and/or less-oxidizing gas to the LowOx gas inlet () to fluidize the bed of bed solids and volatilize the fuel to yield a volatiles stream and a char stream;'}, {'b': '318', 'a volatiles stream outlet () configured to convey the volatiles stream out of the volatilization stage; and'}, {'b': '350', 'a volatiles pressure gauge () configured to measure pressure within the volatilization stage;'}], 'a wall () separating at least a gas phase above the bed in the container () into a volatilization stage () and a combustion stage (), the volatilization stage () including{'b': '330', 'claim-text': [{'b': '334', 'an oxidant inlet () disposed at a second portion of the bottom of the container;'}, {'b ...

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Номер записи: 92
17-06-2021 дата публикации

Biomass Upgrading System

Номер: US20210180787A1
Автор: Anton Larsson, Christer Gustavsson, David Pallarès, Henrik STRÖM, Henrik Thunman, Lars Stigsson, Martin Seemann
Принадлежит: Bioshare AB

Aspects provide for volatilizing a biomass-based fuel stream, removing undesirable components from the resulting volatiles stream, and combusting the resulting stream (e.g., in a kiln). Removal of particles, ash, and/or H2O from the volatiles stream improves its economic value and enhances the substitution of legacy (e.g., fossil) fuels with biomass-based fuels. Aspects may be particularly advantageous for upgrading otherwise low-quality biomass to a fuel specification sufficient for industrial implementation. A volatilization reactor may include a fluidized bed reactor, which may comprise multiple stages and/or a splashgenerator. A splashgenerator may impart directed momentum to a portion of the bed to increase bed transport via directed flow.

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Номер записи: 93
09-06-2016 дата публикации

Corrosion-resisant surfaces for reactors

Номер: US20160160137A1
Автор: Aya SEIKE
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Provided herein are corrosion-resistant reactors that can be used for gasification, and methods of making and using the same. Some embodiments include a corrosion-resistant ceramic layer. According to some embodiments, the corrosion-resistant ceramic layer has a negative charge. At temperature above water's critical point (for example, 374CC and at 22.1 MPa I 218 atm), water can behave as an adjustable solvent and can have tunable properties depending on temperature and pressure.

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Номер записи: 94
28-08-2014 дата публикации

Radiant heat tube chemical reactor

Номер: US20140241949A1
Автор: Christopher Perkins, Paul Lichty, Wayne W. Simmons
Принадлежит: Sundrop Fuels Inc

A radiant heat-driven chemical reactor comprising a generally cylindrical pressure refractory lined vessel, a plurality of radiant heating tubes, and a metal tube sheet to form a seal for the pressure refractory lined vessel near a top end of the pressure refractory lined vessel. The metal tube sheet has a plurality of injection ports extending vertically through the metal tube sheet and into the refractory lined vessel such that biomass is injected at an upper end of the vessel between the radiant heating tubes, and the radiant heat is supplied to an interior of the plurality of radiant heating tubes. The radiant heat-driven chemical reactor is configured to 1) gasify particles of biomass in a presence of steam (H2O) to produce a low CO2 synthesis gas that includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas, or 2) reform natural gas in a non-catalytic reformation reaction, using thermal energy from the radiant heat.

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Номер записи: 95
23-05-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR CO-GASIFICATION OF TWO OR MORE CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCKS AND APPARATUS THEREOF

Номер: US20190153341A1
Автор: Maity Pintu, Rakshit Pranab Kumar, Voolapalli Ravi Kumar
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, said process comprising combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock having high calorific value with low ash and high hydrogen content, to produce a heated effluent; carrying the heated effluent to second reactor where the heated effluent reacts with a second carbonaceous feedstock, having low calorific value with high ash and low hydrogen content, to produce synthesis gas.The present invention also relates to an apparatus for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, comprising a first reactor (), having a first feedstock inlet port (), a oxygen or air inlet port (), a steam inlet port (), a ash removal port (), and a solid recycle port (); a first cyclone separator () connected to the first reactor () through a first cyclone separator inlet port (); a second reactor (), having a second feedstock inlet port (), and a ash removal port (), the second reactor is connected to the first cyclone separator () through a gaseous inlet port (); and a second cyclone separator (), having a fine particles removal port (), and an effluent port (), wherein the second cyclone separator is connected to the second reactor through a second cyclone separator inlet port (). 1. An apparatus for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock , said apparatus comprising:{'b': 3', '1', '2', '9', '7', '6, 'a first reactor (), having a first feedstock inlet port (), a oxygen or air inlet port (), a steam inlet port (), an ash removal port (), and a solid recycle port ();'}{'b': 5', '3', '4, 'a first cyclone separator () connected to the first reactor () through a first cyclone separator inlet port ();'}{'b': 16', '10', '15', '5', '8, 'a second reactor (), having a second feedstock inlet port (), and an ash removal port (), wherein the second reactor is connected to the first cyclone separator () through a gaseous inlet port (); and'}{'b': 12', '13', '14', '11, 'a second ...

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Номер записи: 96
08-06-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL GAS FROM MATERIALS OF ORGANIC AND/OR INORGANIC ORIGIN

Номер: US20170158975A1
Автор: JANCOK Lubor
Принадлежит:

A device for producing fuel gas from materials of organic and/or inorganic origin, comprising filling chamber connected to at least one supply auger conveyor for supplying material from the filling chamber into a reactor comprising at least two heated gasification augers. The invention consists in the fact that each horizontal row of gasification augers is formed by a gasification body, the casing of which has a closed oval cross-section formed by an upper base, a lower base, and convex side walls each with circular arc profiles, wherein each gasifying body contains at least two gasification augers arranged side by side and mutually partially separated by longitudinal partitions that form half-grooves for gasifying augers. The device is provided with at least one electrical heater. The filling chamber is hermetically sealed. 1. A device for the production of gaseous fuel from materials of organic and/or inorganic origin , including a filling chamber which is connected to at least one supply auger conveyor for supplying material from the filling chamber into a reactor which comprises at least two heated gasification augers arranged in at least two horizontal rows above each other for a serpentine passage of material from the filling chamber to an outlet of the fuel gas formed by synthesis gas from a thermochemical reaction in the gasification augers , wherein the outlet is arranged on the lowest positioned gasification auger , wherein each horizontal row of the gasification augers is formed by a gasification body , the casing of which has a closed oval cross-section formed by an upper base , a lower base and convex side walls each having a circular arc profile , wherein each gasifying body contains at least two gasification augers arranged side by side and mutually partially separated by longitudinal partitions which form half-grooves for the individual gasification augers , further , parallel to the upper base and/or to the lower base of each gasification body there ...

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Номер записи: 97
14-05-2020 дата публикации

All-Steam Gasification for Supercritical CO2 Cycle System

Номер: US20200148963A1
Автор: Parkes John, Todd Douglas M., Wormser Alex
Принадлежит: Wormser Energy Solutions, Inc.

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for a supercritical COpower cycle system includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, hydrogen, and volatiles. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying gas, and steam where the gasification chamber provides syngas, ash, and steam. A combustion chamber receives syngas and an oxidant and burns the mixture of syngas with the oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and CO. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. A syngas cooler cools the syngas and generates steam and provides to a supercritical COpower cycle system that performs a supercritical COpower cycle for generating power. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for a supercritical COpower cycle system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer, the micronized char preparation system being configured to receive solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and to produce micronized char, steam, hydrogen, and volatiles at one or more outlets; i) a vessel comprising a gasification chamber, the vessel being configured to receive the micronized char from the one or more outlets of the micronized char preparation system, a conveying gas, and steam, the gasification chamber providing syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets; and', {'sub': '2', 'ii) a combustion chamber being configured to receive syngas and an oxidant and to burn the mixture of syngas with the oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and CO, the combustion chamber being further configured to transfer heat for gasification from the ...

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Номер записи: 98
14-06-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM A SOLID CARBON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCE USING A REACTOR HAVING HOLLOW ENGINEERED PARTICLES

Номер: US20180163148A1
Автор: Chandran Ravi, Newport Dave G., Whitney Hamilton Sean Michael, Zenz Jonathan A.
Принадлежит: Thermochem Recovery International, Inc.

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids. 1100. A reactor () for producing carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , and hydrogen from a solid carbon-containing substance , comprising:(a) a fluidized bed comprising bed material in the form of hollow engineered particles selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, sand, olivine sand, limestone, dolomite and metal catalyst;{'b': '160', '(b) a freeboard () located above a bed level of the fluidized bed;'}{'b': 700', '160', '100', '700, '(c) a cyclone () positioned within the freeboard () of the reactor (), the cyclone () configured to capture and recycle entrained bed material and char particles to the fluidized bed;'}{'b': 160', '160, 'sub': 2', '2, '(d) a plurality of fluid addition stages located in the freeboard (), the plurality of fluid addition stages configured to introduce a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam to the freeboard () to promote conversion of char into CO, CO, and H;'}{'b': 140', '130, '(e) a distributor () configured to accept and distribute a fluidization media () comprising oxygen and superheated steam into the bed material of the fluidized bed;'}{'b': ...

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Номер записи: 99
04-09-2014 дата публикации

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods before gasification

Номер: US20140249237A1
Автор: Francis Michael FERRARO, Jerrod Wayne HOHMAN, Robert S. Ampulski
Принадлежит: Sundrop Fuels Inc

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass is discussed. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

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Номер записи: 100