ОБЪЕДИНЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА ПРЯМОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА

Изобретение относится к области металлургии, в частности к получению железа. Система для получения железа прямым восстановлением объединена с турбинным генератором энергии и предпочтительно криогенной установкой разделения воздуха, в которой отходящий газ от прямого восстановления приводит в действие турбину, а кислород из установки разделения воздуха используют для выработки синтез-газа для прямого восстановления. Азот из установки разделения воздуха уменьшает образование NOx и повышает выработку энергии в турбине. Техническим результатом изобретения является то, что его можно эффективно эксплуатировать в любом географическом месте независимо от наличия там внешних источников электроэнергии. 2 с. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

ВОДНАЯ АЛКАНОЛАМИНОВАЯ АБСОРБИРУЮЩАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩАЯ ПИПЕРАЗИН ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕННОГО УДАЛЕНИЯ СЕРОВОДОРОДА ИЗ ГАЗОВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ, И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Изобретение относится к водному раствору алканоламина для удаления сероводорода из газовых смесей, содержащих сероводород. Водный раствор алканоламина для удаления кислых газов, включающих в себя сероводород, из газовых смесей, содержащих сероводород, содержит:(i) от 20 до 50 массовых процентов 3-(диметиламин)-1,2-пропандиола или 3-(диэтиламин)-1,2-пропандиола, и (ii) от 2 до 10 массовых процентов пиперазина, при этом массовый процент берется в расчете на общую массу водного раствора алканоламина и при этом упомянутый водный раствор алканоламина не содержит ортофосфорную кислоту, фосфорную кислоту, соляную кислоту, серную кислоту, сернистую кислоту, азотную кислоту, пирофосфорную кислоту, теллуровую кислоту, уксусную кислоту, муравьиную кислоту, адипиновую кислоту, бензойную кислоту, н-бутановую кислоту, монохлоруксусную кислоту, лимонную кислоту, глутаровую кислоту, молочную кислоту, малоновую кислоту, щавелевую кислоту, о-фталевую кислоту, янтарную кислоту, о-толуиловую кислоту. Заявлен ...

ОЧИСТКА ГОРЯЧЕГО ГАЗА

В заявке описаны способ и установки для обработки горячего неочищенного газа, генерируемого установкой газификации во взвешенном потоке. В установке последовательно по направлению потока горячего газа за газификатором подключено обессеривание, за ним подключено отделение твердых веществ, при этом за отделением твердых веществ парциальный поток газа подключен через водяное охлаждение, газоочиститель Вентури, охладитель неочищенного газа, а также отделение воды и компрессор, направление потока которых за газификатором перед установкой обессеривания охлажденным возвращается в циркуляционный контур. Изобретение позволяет охладить и обеспылить возвращенный парциальный поток газа. 3 н. и 14 з. п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АММИАКА И ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННОЕ ДЛЯ ЭТОГО УСТРОЙСТВО

... 1. Устройство для получения аммиака, содержащее ! газификационную печь для введения угля и воздуха, конструкция которой позволяет осуществлять частичное окисление для газификации угля; ! обессеривающий аппарат, конструкция которого позволяет осуществлять обессеривание газа, генерируемого в газификационной печи; ! реактор для проведения реакции сдвига, конструкция которого позволяет превращать оксид углерода, присутствующий в отходящем газе обессеривающего аппарата, в диоксид углерода; ! углекислотный скруббер, конструкция которого позволяет удалять диоксид углерода, присутствующий в отходящем газе реактора для проведения реакции сдвига; ! деазотирующий аппарат, выполненный с возможностью доводить мольное соотношение между азотом и водородом, присутствующим в газе, до примерно 1:3 путем удаления азота, присутствующего в отходящем газе углекислотного скруббера; и ! генератор аммиака, в котором получают аммиак в результате реакции между азотом и водородом, содержащимися в отходящем газе деазотирующего ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ В ТОПЛИВО

... 1. Система переработки твердого топлива в топливо, содержащая: ! пиролитическую установку для получения пирогаза, содержащего углеводороды; ! установку для получения синтез-газа, в которой пирогаз преобразуется в синтез-газ, содержащий смесь водорода и окиси углерода; и ! установку для переработки газа в жидкость, в которой синтез-газ преобразуется в топливо. ! 2. Система по п.1, в которой пиролитической установкой является пиролитическая установка непрерывного действия. ! 3. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для получения синтез-газа является установка для парового реформинга. ! 4. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для переработки газа в жидкость является система Фишера-Тропша. ! 5. Система по п.1, в которую дополнительно входит установка для очистки пирогаза с целью удаления загрязняющих веществ из пирогаза. ! 6. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для очистки пирогаза является установка для удаления двуокиси углерода. ! 7. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для очистки пирогаза ...

УДАЛЕНИЕ СЕРОВОДОРОДА В ВИДЕ СУЛЬФАТА АММОНИЯ ИЗ ПАРОВ ПРОДУКТА ГИДРОПИРОЛИЗА

... 1. Способ переработки биомассы на углеводородное топливо, включающий:переработку биомассы в реакторе гидропиролиза, дающую углеводородное топливо, уголь и поток технологического пара;охлаждение потока технологического пара до температуры конденсации;разделение потока технологического пара на первичный поток охлажденного парообразного продукта, поток жидких углеводородов и первичный водный поток:где первичный поток охлажденного парообразного продукта включает неконденсирующиеся технологические пары, H, сероводород, CO и CO, поток жидких углеводородов включает конденсирующиеся углеводороды, и первичный водный поток включает воду, аммиак, сероводород и сульфид аммония;обработку первичного водного потока в колонне для отпарки кислых вод;концентрирование сероводорода и аммиака в поток охлажденной технологической воды и второй поток очищенной воды;направление потока охлажденной технологической воды в каталитический реактор;впрыск воздуха в каталитический реактор с получением концентрированного ...

СПОСОБ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ ПОРОШКООБРАЗНОГО ТВЕРДОГО УГЛЕРОДИСТОГО ТОПЛИВА И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ, ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГИИ

Изобретение относится к способу и устройству для газификации порошкообразного твердого углеродистого топлива с высоким содержанием влаги, причем способ включает в себя ввод топлива в одну или больше сушильных камер под давлением без добавки воды топливо, уменьшение содержания влаги в топливе в сушильной камере (камерах) до уровня, требуемого для газификации, посредством пропускания полученного горячего газа через каждую сушильную камеру, при этом частицы топлива улавливают потоком газа, в результате газ охлаждается и увлажняется, охлажденный и увлажненный газ отделяют от топлива, топливо с уменьшенным содержанием влаги передают из каждой сушильной камеры в камеру газификации для получения горячего газа, и по крайней мере часть горячего газа вводят в каждую сушильную камеру. Изобретение также касается интегрированного способа получения энергии, особенно электроэнергии из порошкообразного твердого углеродистого материала.

УДАЛЕНИЕ СЕРОВОДОРОДА В ВИДЕ СУЛЬФАТА АММОНИЯ ИЗ ПАРОВ ПРОДУКТА ГИДРОПИРОЛИЗА

КОМПОНЕНТ СИСТЕМЫ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ

... 1. Компонент системы газификации, содержащий: ! резервуар (50), предназначенный для размещения объема охлаждающей текучей среды (52), ! погружную трубку (54), расположенную в указанном резервуаре (50) и предназначенную для направления второй текучей среды (47) к указанному объему, ! вытяжную трубку (56), которая окружает погружную трубку (54) с образованием внутренней камеры (58) между указанными трубками (54) и (56) и наружной камеры (60) между вытяжной трубкой (56) и стенками резервуара, и ! один или более механизмов (70, 88, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 112, 118, 120, 130) гашения потока, расположенных во внутренней камере (58) и/или наружной камере (60) либо между ними и предназначенных для ослабления потока охлаждающей текучей среды (52), или второй текучей среды (47), или их обеих в указанном компоненте системы газификации. ! 2. Компонент по п.1, в котором механизм гашения содержит одно или более колец (70, 88, 98, 130), расположенных концентрическим образом вокруг вытяжной трубки (56) ...

Verfahren zur selektiven Entschwefelung eines Syntheserohgases

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gaswäsche, wobei ein Wasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid sowie Kohlenoxidsulfid und/oder Schwefelwasserstoff enthaltendes Einsatzgas (1) in einer Wascheinrichtung (A1) durch ein mit Kohlendioxid vorbeladenes Waschmittel (3, 4) gewaschen wird, um die Schwefelkomponenten weitgehend selektiv aus dem Einsatzgas abzutrennen und einen entschwefelten Gasstrom (5, 9) zu erzeugen. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ein schwefelfreies Waschmittel (3, 4) eingesetzt wird, das bei seiner Einleitung in die Wascheinrichtung (A1) einen Kohlendioxidpartialdruck aufweist, der gleich oder größer dem Kohlendioxidpartialdruck in dem zu entschwefelnden Einsatzgas (1) ist.

Heat treatment of waste contg. combustible components giving fluid slag and hot flue gas

In the thermal treatment of waste material contg. combustible components in which a fluid slag and a hot flue gas at 1,200-1,800 deg C are formed by the direct thermal treatment of combustion or gasification of waste gas contg. combustible components obtd. in the thermal treatment, the flue gas is cooled and freed from dust, then chloride and S cpds. are (partly) removed by a wash liq. giving a suspension contg. chloride and S cpds. which is dewatered to give a solid mixt.. The fluid slag is mixed at 1,200-1,500 deg C in a mixing zone with the solid mixt. and a fluid slag contg. Fe oxides in a mol. ratio of CaO:SiO2 of 0.4-1.2. Fe content of 5-20 wt. % is withdrawn, cooled and solidified.

System und Verfahren zur CO2 - Erfassung mittels eines H2- Separators, der Wärmeentschwefelungstechnologie verwendet.

Verfahren und System zum Auffangen und Isolieren von Kohlendioxid- und Wasserstoffgasen aus einem Hochtemperatursynthesegasstrom, der eine wesentliche Menge von CO und Schwefelverbindungen enthält, für den Einsatz als "sauberen" Zusatzbrennstoff, mit den Schritten: Verringern der Temperatur des Hochtemperatursynthesegasstroms, Beseitigen im Wesentlichen der gesamten in dem Synthesegas vorhandenen Schwefelverbindungen, Umwandeln eines ersten Quantums von CO in Kohlendioxid in einer ersten Hochtemperatur-Wassergas-Shiftreaktion, Umwandeln eines zweiten Quantums von CO in Kohlendioxid mittels einer zweiten Niedertemperatur-Wassergas-Shiftreaktion, Umwandeln eines dritten Quantums von CO in Kohlendioxid mittels einer dritten Niedertemperatur-Wassergas-Shiftreaktion, und anschließend Abscheiden im Wesentlichen sämtlichen Wasserstoffs, der in dem aufbereiteten Synthesegasstrom vorhanden ist.

Verfahren zur Reinigung des Rohgases aus einer Feststoffvergasung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung und Reinigung eines Synthesegases aus einem festen kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoff durch eine Kohlevergasungsreaktion, wobei der Brennstoff direkt nach der Herstellung mit einem Quenchmedium zur Abführung der hohen inneren Energie gemischt wird und noch in dem Mischraum oder hinter dem Mischraum mit einer festen basischen Erdalkalimetallverbindung oder eine übergangsmetallhaltige Verbindung umfassenden Sorptionsmittel in Kod aus der Vergasungsreaktion stammenden sauren oder basischen oder schwefelhaltigen oder halogenhaltigen Bestandteile absorbiert werden und sich hinter der Zugabevorrichtung für das Sorptionsmittel eine feststoffabschneidende Vorrichtung befindet, mit der die festen oder verfestigten Bestandteile aus dem System ausgeschleust werden und das basische und übergangsmetallhaltige Sorptionsmittel im Gemisch oder nach einer Abtrennung von den Asche- und Schlackebestandteilen regeneriert werden und in den ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF COAL & GYPSUM TO VALUABLE PRODUCTS

Air separation

Energy conversion process for sequestration of carbon dioxide

An energy conversion process that also exports by-product CO2 at elevated pressure where a fuel gas feed stream is mixed with a reactant stream and additional CO2 is added to at least part of, the fuel gas feed stream, the reactant stream or both through desorption by contacting with a CO2-rich solvent stream in a first stage contactor to produce a mixed feed gas stream and a CO2-lean solvent stream; passing said mixed feed gas stream to a chemical conversion step, where further CO2 is produced; chilling at least part of the products of said chemical conversion step, at a pressure of at least 10 bar to condense and partially remove CO2 as a liquid and thereby produce a CO2-lean gas stream; and passing at least part of said CO2-lean gas stream said to a second stage contactor where further CO2 is removed, by absorption in a solvent stream lean in CO2 derived from said CO2-lean solvent stream, to produce a product gas stream and a solvent stream rich in CO2 from which said CO2-rich solvent ...

Gas-fuelled gas turbine power generation apparatus

Power generation apparatus comprises a generator 10, a gas turbine 1, arranged to drive the generator, fuel gas supply means, including storage means 3, arranged to store a buffer reservoir of fuel gas, and a control valve 4, which is operable to control the flow of fuel gas from the storage means 3 to the gas turbine, in response to transient generator power output demand. A gasification combined cycle power generating apparatus is also disclosed (figures 6 and 7) in which a gasification vessel (in which fuel gas is produced from carboniferous feed stock) is connected to a saturator vessel which is connected to a control valve at an inlet of a gas turbine engine unit. A controllable gas-expanding turbine, driving a generator, is disposed between the gasification vessel and the saturator vessel. A control computer, responsive to power demand on the gas turbine engine unit, controls the control valve and may also control the gas-expanding turbine.

Process for converting solid wastes to gases for use as a town gas

A process comprising (1) pyrolyzing solid wastes at 550 DEG C or higher in a pyrolyzing furnace to produce pyrolysis gases containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and dioxide, methane and other hydrocarbons as well as chlorine- containing compounds, sulphur- containing compounds and other impurities, (2) washing the pyrolysis gases with an aqueous alkaline solution, (3) refining the washed pyrolysis gases with the hydrogen contained in the pyrolysis gases, (4) reforming the refined pyrolysis gases by steam reforming, CO conversion and/or methanation and (5) separating the excess steam and carbonic acid gas from the reformed gases. in one embodiment, the washing (2) and refining (3) may be substituted by the high-temperature steam reforming of the pyrolysis gases in hot state supplied directly from the pyrolyzing furnace. ...

A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COGENERATING POWER AND HYDROCARBONS FROM COAL DERIVED SYNTHESIS GAS USING PRESSURE SWING ABSORPTION

Gasification process

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a useful product (e.g. kerosene, diesel, naphtha) from synthesis gas having a desired hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio comprising: gasifying a first carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to produce a first synthesis gas; optionally partially oxidising the first synthesis gas in a partial oxidation zone to generate oxidised synthesis gas; reforming a second carbonaceous feedstock to produce a second synthesis gas, the second synthesis gas having a different hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio from that of the first raw synthesis gas; combining at least a portion of the first synthesis gas and at least a portion of the second synthesis gas in an amount to achieve the desired hydrogen to carbon molar ratio and to generate a combined synthesis gas and subjecting at least part of the combined synthesis gas to a conversion process effective to produce the useful product. The ...

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

Fuels and fuel additives that have high biogenic content derived from renewable organic feedstock

A control system for the conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock into gas

A control system for the conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock into gas

A control system for the conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock into gas

PROCEDURE FOR THE DRYING PROCESS OF SALZHALTIGER BROWN COAL DURING SIMULTANEOUS STEAM PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A CLEANED SYNTHESIS GAS STREAM

Reinigungsvorrichtung, Brennstoffzellensystem, Biomasseanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Reinigungsvorrichtung

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Reinigungsvorrichtung (10) zum Reinigen von Produktgas aus einem Biomassevergaser (50) für die Verwendung in einem Brennstoffzellenstapel (31) eines Brennstoffzellensystems (30), aufweisend einen Reaktor (13), der ein Reaktorgehäuse (14) mit einem Produktgaseinlass (15) zum Einbringen von Produktgas in das Reaktorgehäuse (14) und einem Produktgasauslass (16) zum Auslassen von gereinigtem Produktgas aus dem Reaktorgehäuse (14) umfasst, wobei im Reaktorgehäuse (14) mehrere unterschiedliche Reaktionsschichten (17, 18, 19) zum Entfernen von unterschiedlichen Verunreinigungsbestandteilen aus dem Produktgas angeordnet sind. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Brennstoffzellensystem (30) mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsvorrichtung (10), eine Biomasseanlage (50) mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystem (30) sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsvorrichtung (10).

PROCEDURE FOR THE THERMAL UTILIZATION OF WASTE MATERIALS

PROCEDURES FOR FORGOT FROM COAL AND FAR TREATING OF THE PRODUCT GAS.

PROCEDURE FOR GASES OF A CARBON-CONTAINING FUEL, IN PARTICULAR COAL.

FUEL GAS PRODUCTION

Integrated process for filtering constituents from a gas stream

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.

Process and apparatus for production of hydrogen by gasification of combustible material and method for electric power generation using fuel cell and electric power generation system using fuel cell

STEAM REFORMING PROCESS AND APPARATUS

CLEAN FUEL GAS MADE BY THE GASIFICATION OF COAL

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

SYNTHESIS GAS FROM GASEOUS CO2-SOLID CARBONACEOUS FUEL FEEDS

Gasification cooling system having seal

A system, in certain embodiments, includes a gasification cooling system having an annular seal with a bellows. For example, the gasification cooling system may include a housing with an inlet, an outlet, and an interior between the inlet and the outlet wherein the interior has a throat adjacent the inlet, and the throat expands in a flow direction from the inlet toward the outlet. The annular seal may be disposed in the throat of the hosing wherein the annular seal includes the bellows.

System and method for recovering gas containing CO2 and H2S

This system is provided with: a first heat exchanger (16) which is interposed at the intersection (A) of a rich solution supply line (L ...

Integration of syngas generation technology with Fischer-Tropsch production via catalytic gas conversion

A system for the production of synthetic fuel, the system including a catalytic dual fluidized bed (DFB) configured to produce, from a DFB feedgas, a DFB product containing synthesis gas; and a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis apparatus fluidly connected with the catalytic DFB, wherein the FT synthesis apparatus includes an FT synthesis reactor configured to produce, from an FT feedgas, an FT overhead and a liquid FT product containing FT wax, wherein the FT feedgas contains at least a portion of the DFB product; and a product separator downstream of and fluidly connected with the FT synthesis reactor, wherein the product separator is configured to separate, from the FT overhead, an FT tailgas and an LFTL product containing LFTL. A method of producing synthetic fuel is also provided.

Method for selective desulphurisation of a synthetic raw gas

The invention relates to a method for operating a gas scrubbing plant, wherein a feed gas (1) containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulphide and/or hydrogen sulphide is scrubbed in a scrubbing facility (A1) by a scrubbing agent (3, 4) pre-charged with carbon dioxide in order to largely remove the sulphur components selectively from the feed gas and produce a desulphurised gas stream (5, 9). The invention is characterised in that a sulphur-free scrubbing agent (3, 4) is used that has a carbon dioxide partial pressure upon its introduction into the scrubbing facility (A1) which is greater than or equal to the carbon dioxide partial pressure in the feed gas (1) to be desulphurised.

CO shift catalyst, CO shift reaction apparatus and method for purifying gasified gas

This CO shift catalyst is a CO shift catalyst for modifying carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas, which comprises: an active component that contains either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component, while containing either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as a sub-component; and a carrier that supports the active component and is formed of an oxide of one or more elements selected from among titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) and cerium (Ce). Catalyst production firing for this CO shift catalyst is carried out at 550°C or more.

CO shift catalyst, CO shift reactor, and method for purifying gasification gas

This CO shift catalyst, which reforms carbon monoxide (CO) present in a gas, comprises the following: an active component containing a primary component, namely either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe), and a secondary component, namely either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru); a promoter component containing either calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), or magnesium (Mg); and a support that supports the active component and the promoter component. Said support consists of one or more of the following: an oxide of titanium (Ti); an oxide of zirconium (Zr); and an oxide of cerium (Ce).

Method and systems for treating synthesis gas

The present invention relates to a method for treating synthesis gas, from an indirect or direct gasifier; the method comprising steps for: - allowing the gas within a predetermined entry temperature range to flow into a first heat exchanger, - allowing the gas to flow through the first heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a first medium, - allowing the gas to transfer from the first heat exchanger to a subsequent last heat exchanger, - allowing the gas to flow though the last heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a last medium, - allowing the gas to exit the last heat exchanger for being available to a further treatment, such as a cleaning treatment, within a predetermined exit temperature range, preferably below an ash or mineral solidification point. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cooling system for cooling of synthesis gas and to a gasification system.

Simultaneous warm gas desulfurization and complete co-shift for improved syngas cleanup

The present invention involves both separated beds (or physical mixture) and a process for treating a fuel gas comprising sending the fuel gas to a separated bed (or physical mixture), in which the separated beds comprise a first bed of a sulfur sorbent and a second bed of a water gas shift catalyst (a physical mixture of a sulfur sorbent and a water gas shift catalyst). The process comprises first sending the fuel gas to the first bed to remove sulfur compounds from said fuel gas and then the fuel gas goes to the second bed to undergo a water gas shift reaction in which carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide and water is converted to hydrogen. (or sending the fuel gas simultaneously to the physical mixture to remove simultaneously the sulfur compounds and to react CO with water to CO2 and hydrogen).

A hybrid power generation system and method based on solid fuel pyrolisis and char combustion

Abstract This invention relates to a hybrid power generation system and method based on solid fuel pyrolysis and char combustion, the system includes a pyrolyzer (1) for pyrolyzing solid fuel to produce gaseous, liquid and solid char fuels, in 5 which the gaseous and the liquid fuels are separated through a condenser (2), wherein, the separated gaseous and liquid fuels are respectively introduced into a gaseous fuel purifier (3) and a liquid fuel purifier (4) for dust removing and desulfurization; and the solid char fuel is supplied into a boiler (5) for combustion to generate steam; a gas turbine (7) for burning gaseous or/and 10 liquid fuels to generate electricity; and a steam turbine (8) for using steam to generate electricity. In the present method, solid fuel is pyrolyzed to produce gaseous, liquid, solid char fuels, and the resulted gaseous, liquid and char fuels are respectively introduced into gas turbine and boiler to produce steam to generate electricity. The present invention ...

Process for the combined production of organic compounds and power

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM COAL

GASIFICATION OF COAL

Hydrothermal treatment and partial oxidation of plastic materials

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Abstract A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising at least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon WO 2017/039741 PCT/US2015/067950 (O < 0L Lu zu 0:Q 0U CLi a0 H 0 0: H LL 0 z :E HDO A HD 0D 0_ zw (f Подробнее

DESULPHURIZING FUEL GAS FROM A MOLTEN METAL GASIFIER.

PROCESS FOR CHEMICALS AND ENERGY RECOVERY

... (57) The present invention relates to a process for recovering chemicals and energy from cellulose waste liquors preferably black kraft liquor obtained in a paper pulp sulphate process, comprising the following three distinct and separate steps: In the first step the concentrated black liquor is gasified in a pressurized gasification reactor by so called flash pyrolysis at 700 to 1300.degree.C, preferably 800 to 1000.degree.C, normally 800 to 900.degree.C, whereby an energy rich gas is produced and in which the inorganic chemicals of the black liquor are contained in the form of molten suspended droplets mainly comprising sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide. In the second step the gas from the gasification reactor is rapidly cooled through direct contact with water, and with green liquor, which is formed when the molten droplets and the hydrogen sulphide are dissolved in the quench liquid. The cooled gas subsequently passes through a scrubber. In the lower section of the scrubber the gas ...

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR GASIFYING COAL

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR GASIFYING COAL Part of the synthesis gas produced by coal gasification in an allothermiclly heated fluidized bed reactor is burned after removal of dust and sulfur and serves as a source of energy to heat the reactor by indirect heat exchange and to produce the steam required for the gasification process. The flue gas exiting from the heat exchanger of the reactor can be used to perform work in expansion turbines. The rest of the synthesis gas is available for use in downstream processes, such as iron ore reduction, or can be burned and used to perform work in turbines to produce electric current. The result is a process that is environmentally safer and operates with a better yield than direct coal burning or autothermal coal gasification, but requires no outside source of energy, such as nucler powr, as prior art allothermal coal gasification processes do.

SYNTHESIS GAS FROM GASEOUS CO2-SOLID CARBONACEOUS FUEL FEEDS

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR FILTERING CONSTITUENTS FROM A GAS STREAM

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.

AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF 2-DIMETHYLAMINO-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-1, 3-PROPANEDIOL USEFUL FOR ACID GAS REMOVAL FROM GASEOUS MIXTURES

The present invention relates to an aqueous alkanolamine solution demonstrating low volatility comprising 2-dimethylamino-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol useful for removing acid gases from gaseous mixtures. Said aqueous alkanolamine solution may further comprise one or more of an acid or acid-forming compound, another amino compound, an activator, a physical solvent, or one or more other compounds used in gal-liquid treatment practices. Further, the present invention relates to a process for removing acid gases from a gaseous mixture, preferably hydrogen sulfide, comprising the step of contacting the gaseous mixture with said aqueous alkanolamine solution. Examples of the gaseous mixtures include natural gas, synthesis gas, tail gas, and refinery gas.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF RAW SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for the stepwise separation of accompanying gases from a raw synthesis gas stream by a liquid absorbent countercurrently guided through all process steps and circulated via regeneration plants, wherein either the accompanying gases H2S, COS and CO2 are separated in a common absorption step or, in one of the selective absorption steps chiefly H2S and COS are separated and in the next step in flow direction of the gas chiefly CO2 is separated, and in the last step a separation of accompanying gas residues (fine wash) is effected, wherein before the separation of H2S and COS an absorption step chiefly for the separation of aromatics and subsequently an absorption step chiefly for the separation of methyl mercaptan is carried out.

METHOD FOR LOW-SEVERITY GASIFICATION OF HEAVY PETROLEUM RESIDUES.

A method for co-producing a sulfur-containing raw synthetic gas and an es sentially desulfurized solid residue from a sulfur-containing heavy petroleu m residue feedstock, comprising feeding a bubbling fluidized-bed gasificatio n reactor with the feedstock, and converting the feedstock to a raw syntheti c gas by a partial oxidation reaction in the presence of water at a temperat ure at or below about 1000oC and a pressure at or below about 10 atm, thereb y also producing an essentially desulfurized solid residue, while the sulfur components are essentially comprised in the raw synthetic gas; and separate ly recovering the essentially desulfurized solid residue and the sulfur-cont aining raw synthetic gas.

LOW TEMPERATURE SULFUR TOLERANT TAR AND SULFUR REMOVAL WITH CONCOMITANT SYNTHESIS GAS CONDITIONING

A catalyst comprising of NiO; Al2O3; and ZnO. The catalyst is capable of greater than 5% sulfur removal from a synthesis gas at a temperature range from 300°C to 600°C.

PARTIAL OXIDATION OF METHANE AND HIGHER HYDROCARBONS IN SYNGAS STREAMS

Oxygen is added to a raw syngas stream that contains hydrogen and CO, one or more light hydrocarbons, and that may also contain tars, produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, while imparting heat at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, to partially oxidize light hydrocarbons and convert tars if present to lower molecular weight products.

PARTIAL OXIDATION OF METHANE AND HIGHER HYDROCARBONS IN SYNGAS STREAMS

Oxygen is added to a raw syngas stream that contains hydrogen and CO, one or more light hydrocarbons, and that may also contain tars, produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, while imparting heat at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, to partially oxidize light hydrocarbons and convert tars if present to lower molecular weight products.

METHOD OF PURIFYING A GAS

A method of purifying gas obtained by gasification of a biomass feedstock. The gas which contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof can be freed from impurities, such as hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, carbonyl sulphide, hydrogen cyanide and mixtures thereof, by contacting the gas with an acidic aqueous wash solution of transition metal ions capable of binding to sulphide ions, by binding a significant portion of the hydrogen sulphide impurities contained in the gas into practically insoluble transition metal sulphide compounds to remove hydrogen sulphide impurities from the gas; and by separating the thus obtained purified gas from the aqueous solution. The purified gas is suitable for production of hydrocarbon compositions by, for example the Fischer-Tropsch process.

PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUSLY STIRRED TANK REACTOR ABSORBER AND FLASH TANK STRIPPER

The invention relates to a process for separation or purification of gaseous streams by removal of acid gases using a liquid amine solution. The process involves the steps of - contacting the gaseous stream with liquid lean amine solution in at least one continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c); - removing a sweetened gaseous flow from said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10); - removing rich amine from said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c) for regeneration; - passing rich amine solution through at least one flash tank stripper 20; 20a, 20b; 20c; - removing acid gases and vapour from said flash tank stripper 20; 20a, 20b; 20c; - removing lean amine from said flash tank stripper for recirculation to said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c).

AQUEOUS ALKANOLAMINE ABSORBENT COMPOSITION COMPRISING PIPERAZINE FOR ENHANCED REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM GASEOUS MIXTURES AND METHOD FOR USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to an aqueous alkanolamine solution for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen sulfide. The aqueous alkanolamine solution comprises (i) an amino compound with the formula: R1R2NCH2CH(OH)CH2OH wherein R1and R2 independently represent lower alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, (ii) piperazine, and (iii) optionally a physical solvent, wherein said solution does not contain a strong acid. Further, the present invention relates to a process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gaseous mixture containing hydrogen sulfide, and additionally other acid gases, if present, for example carbon dioxide, comprising the step of contacting the gaseous mixture contain hydrogen sulfide with the aqueous alkanolamine solution, preferably wherein the temperature of the aqueous alkanolamine solution is equal to or greater than 140°F. Examples of the gaseous mixtures include natural gas, synthesis gas, tail gas, and refinery gas.

INTEGRATED CARBONACEOUS FUEL DRYING AND GASIFICATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS

... 2134871 9323500 PCTABS00028 This invention provides a process and apparatus for gasifying a particulate solid carbonaceous fuel with a high moisture content, the process comprising: introducing the fuel into one or more pressurized drying vessels without adding water to the fuel; reducing the moisture content of the fuel in the drying vessel(s) to a level suitable for gasification by passing hot product gas through the or each drying vessel such that the fuel particles are entrained in the gas flow, thereby cooling and humidifying the gas; separating the cooled and humidified gas from the fuel; transferring the fuel with reduced moisture content from the or each drying vessel to a gasification vessel, gasifying the fuel in the gasification vessel to produce hot product gas; and introducing at least a portion of the hot product gas into the or each drying vessel. The invention also relates to an integrated process for producing power, especially electric power, from particulate solid carbanaceous ...

HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT AND PARTIAL OXIDATION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS

A process for upgrading plastic material containing inorganic filler or reinforcement material for use as feedstock in a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of raw synthesis gas, fuel gas, or reducing gas. The plastic material is granulated and mixed with water to produce the plastic sludge. The plastic sludge is preheated at a temperature of about 350 .degree.F to 475 .degree.F in the absence of air in a closed system. The preheated plastic sludge is then hydrothermally treated at a temperature of about 450 .degree.F to 650 .degree.F and at a pressure above the vapor pressure of water at that temperature. The hydrothermally treated plastic sludge is cooled, degassed, and mixed with carbonaceous fuel, to produce a slurry. The slurry is then reacted by partial oxidation to produce said synthesis gas, fuel gas, or reducing gas.

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF ENERGY PRODUCTION WITH USE OF PROCESS OF OF PRODUCING METHANE

METHOD OF SUPPLY OF REACTOR IN SUSPENDED FLOW GASIFICATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING FUEL

PURIFICATION OF RAW GAS BY HYDROGENATION OF

DEMETALLIZATION OF HYDROCARBONS

METHOD OF CLEANING SYNGAS

REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AS AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM HYDROPYROLYSIS PRODUCT VAPORS

СПОСОБ СНАБЖЕНИЯ РЕАКТОРА ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ ВО ВЗВЕШЕННОМ ПОТОКЕ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИМ ТОПЛИВОМ

С помощью способа снабжения реактора газификации во взвешенном потоке углеродсодержащим топливом для производства газа под давлением, который содержит СО и Н2, и летучую золу, и при температуре выше температуры плавления золы, при образующийся газ подводят к следующим ступеням обработки, прежде всего как минимум к одной ступени синтеза, должно быть достигнуто оптимальное по стоимости и более простое увеличение выхода жидких продуктов. Это достигнуто за счет того, что отходящий газ, который образуется на последовательно подключенных ступенях обработки, содержащий углеводороды и/или водород, используют для пневматического транспортирования топлива в реактор газификации во взвешенном потоке.

СПОСОБЫ ЗАПУСКА И ОСТАНОВКИ КОМПЛЕКСА КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ЦИКЛА

В изобретении раскрыт способ запуска, эксплуатации и остановки газогенератора и комплекса комплексной газификации комбинированного цикла без сжигания в факеле и с дополнительным уменьшением выпускаемых в атмосферу загрязняющих веществ, таких как угарный газ, сероводород и оксиды азота. Способ осуществлен за счет очистки в скруббере выпускаемых кислых газов и за счет пропускания очищенных в скруббере кислых газов и других выпускаемых очищенных газов в камеру сгорания выпускаемого газа для их контролируемого сжигания, ранее выпуска любых таких газов в атмосферу. Кроме того, газы подвергают обработке за счет окисления СО и за счет избирательного каталитического восстановления, ранее выпуска в атмосферу.

СПОСОБ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЯ ГАЗА ОРОШЕНИЯ, ЦИРКУЛИРУЮЩЕГО В ТЕЧЕНИИ ПРЯМОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ РУДЫ, ОТ ВОДЯНОГО ПАРА И УГЛЕКИСЛОГО ГАЗА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ГАЗ ОРОШЕНИЯ

Способ и оборудование для освобождения газа орошения, циркулирующего в течении прямого восстановления железной руды, от водяного пара и CO2, содержащего газ орошения, причем газ орошения насыщен водяным паром и CO2, имеющим температуру от 50 °C до 250 °C при давлении от 2 до 8 bar[а], отводят от циркуляции газа орошения прямого восстановления железной руды, охлаждают до температуры от 15 °C до 45 °C, сжимают до давления от 25 до 75 bar[а] и добавляют оксигенаты, имеющие температуру от +10 до -80 °C для физического адсорбционного удаления CO2.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БОГАТОГО МЕТАНОМ ТОПЛИВНОГО ГАЗА ИЗ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЫРЬЯ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ РЕАКТОРА ПАРОВОЙ ГИДРОГАЗИФИКАЦИИ И РЕАКТОРА КОНВЕРСИИ ВОДЯНОГО ГАЗА

Предложен способ получения высоких концентраций метана на основе комбинации реактора для паровой гидрогазификации и реактора конверсии с применением углеродсодержащего материала. Водород, полученный в реакторе конверсии, можно повторно использовать в паровом гидрогазогенераторе.

REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AS AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM HYDROPYROLYSIS PRODUCT VAPORS

METHOD OF CLEANING GAS

METHOD OF TWO STAGE OF WASHING GAS

METHOD OF PURIFYING A GAS

Method and device for decomposition of synthesis gases

Methods and apparatus for producing syngas

This invention features methods and apparatus for producing syngas from any carbon-containing feed material. In some embodiments, a substoichiometric amount of oxygen is used to enhance the formation of syngas. In various embodiments, both oxygen and steam are added during the conversion of the feed material into syngas. The syngas can be converted to alcohols, such as ethanol, or to other products.

Coke oven gas desulfurization-hydrogenation conversion process method

Gasification process and plant for direct reduction reactors

PROCESS AND DATA PROCESSING SEQUENCE FOR THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION BY GASIFICATION Of a WET BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL LOAD, IN PARTICULAR OF the BIOMASS OR COAL.

PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATTERS INTO FLUID PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED

PROCESS OF TREATMENT Of a GAS FLOW BY ABSORPTION

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé d'élimination des gaz acides d'un gaz comprenant majoritairement un mélange de CO et d'H2 en utilisant comme solvant de lavage un composé ou un mélange de composés de formule CH3- (OCH2)n-O-CH3, n étant compris entre 1 à 20, de préférence de 2 à 10.

PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATTERS INTO FLUID PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED

Gas purification - by removing ammonia and hydrogen sulphide - with ferrous sulphate soln

Producing synthesis gas comprises pyrolyzing lignocellulosic biiomass, purifying the pyrolysis gas and subjecting the gas to partial oxidation

Le procédé objet de l'invention décrit un procédé visant à produire un gaz de synthèse purifié à partir de biomasse lignocellulosique incluant une étape de pyrolyse, une étape de purification placée en amont de l'étape d'oxydation partielle, et une étape de refroidissement.

PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION CATALYTIC OF COAL INTO GAS COMPONENTS AND OF REFORMING OF THE GAS PRODUCTS OBTAINED

ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION METHOD

A method of generating electrical power in which a synthesis gas stream generated in a gasifier is combusted in an oxygen transport membrane system of a boiler. The combustion generates heat to raise steam to in turn generate electricity by a generator coupled to a steam turbine. The resultant flue gas can be purified to produce a carbon dioxide product. COPYRIGHT KIPO & WIPO 2010 ...

GASIFICATION SYSTEM FLOW DAMPING FOR CONTROLLING FLUID MECHANICS

PURPOSE: A gasification system flow damping is provided to minimize the fluid variation in the gasification system. CONSTITUTION: A gasification system component(46) may be a quench unit or a scrubber, such as the quench unit or a scrubber. The gasification system component includes a vessel(50) that retains a pool of cooling fluid(52), such as water. The gasification system component may receive syngas(47) from an upstream component within the gasification system through an opening(53). For example, if the gasification system component represents the quench unit, the syngas, may represent the syngas received from the gasifier. The syngas may flow into the opening within the gasification system component through and inlet within the top and/or sides of the vessel. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2011 ...

PROCESSES FOR HYDROMETHANATION OF A CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK

solução aquosa de alcanolamina e processo para remover gases ácidos de uma mistura gasosa

SMALL DISTRIBUTED GASIFICATION UNITS WITH SYNGAS TRANSPORTATION VIA PIPELINE NETWORK FOR BIOMASS TREATMENT

The present invention discloses a system for biomass treatment which addresses the need to find economical solutions to transport biomass. In the present invention, small, distributed gasifiers convert the biomass into synthesis gas ("syngas"). The syngas is then transported via a pipeline network to a central fuel production facility.

Integrated gasification combined cycle plant with char preparation system

Provided herein are systems, methods and equipment that include Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology to retrofit existing plants, that include, e.g., subsystems for separating char fines from syngas after it emerges from an internally-circulating fluidized bed carbonizer and injecting the char into the carbonizer draft tube as a fuel source. Efficiency and power generation are thus increased to the extent that inclusion of carbon capture systems are now possible for existing coal plants in order to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

System and method for dry mixing a gasification feed

Present embodiments include systems and methods for reducing variations in a solid feed provided to a gasifier. For example, in an embodiment, a gasification feed vessel includes a solid fuel inlet configured to receive a solid fuel into the gasification feed vessel, a dry mixer configured to dry mix the solid fuel within the feed vessel, a solid fuel outlet configured to deliver a feed of the solid fuel to a gasification system, and a metering device coupled to the solid fuel outlet. The metering device is configured to control an amount of the feed of the solid fuel delivered to the gasification system. The gasification feed vessel is configured to provide the feed of the solid fuel to the gasification system within a desired energy concentration range over time.

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

The present invention provides a process for the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide in a hydrogen sulphide-containing hydrocarbon and/or hydrogen feed gas to elemental sulphur in a reaction zone containing a Claus catalyst, comprising the steps of: i) reacting in the reaction zone the hydrogen sulphide in the hydrogen sulphide-containing hydrocarbon and/or hydrogen feed gas with sulphur dioxide at a pressure in the range of from 4 to 200 bar (absolute) and a temperature in the range of from 120 and 160° C., such that the elemental sulphur formed is essentially in liquid form; ii) contacting the catalyst with a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures. 1. A process for the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide in a hydrogen sulphide-containing hydrocarbon and/or hydrogen feed gas to elemental sulphur in a reaction zone containing a Claus catalyst , comprising the steps of:i) reacting in the reaction zone the hydrogen sulphide in the hydrogen sulphide-containing hydrocarbon and/or hydrogen feed gas with sulphur dioxide at a pressure in the range of from 4 to 200 bar (absolute) and a temperature in the range of from 120 and 160° C., such that the elemental sulphur formed is essentially in liquid form;ii) contacting the Claus catalyst with a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a sequence comprising step (i) and subsequently step (ii) is repeated one or more times.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the Claus catalyst is a TiO-comprising catalyst.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing atmosphere comprises at least one of hydrogen sulphide claim 1 , hydrogen or carbon monoxide.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing atmosphere comprises a hydrogen sulphide-containing hydrocarbon gas.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing atmosphere comprises a hydrogen-comprising gas.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein step (ii) includes contacting the ...

Method and Apparatus for Adjustably Treating a Sour Gas

A feed gas comprising CO, HS and His treated to produce an H-enriched product and an HS-lean, COproduct. The feed gas is separated to provide the H-enriched product and a stream of sour gas. The stream of sour gas is divided into two parts, one of which is processed in an HS removal system to form one or more streams of sweetened gas, and the other of which bypasses the HS removal system, the stream(s) of sweetened gas and the sour gas bypassing the HS removal system then being recombined to form the HS-lean, COproduct gas. The division of the sour gas between being sent to and bypassing the HS removal system is adjusted responsive to changes in the HS content of the sour gas, so as to dampen or cancel the effects of said changes on the HS content of the HS-lean, COproduct gas. 1. Apparatus for treating a feed gas , comprising CO , HS and H , to produce an H-enriched product gas and an HS-lean , COproduct gas , the apparatus comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system for separating the feed gas to form a stream of H-enriched product gas and a stream of sour gas, the sour gas comprising CO, HS and Hbut being depleted in Hand enriched in HS and COrelative to the feed gas;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'an HS removal system for processing a part of the sour gas to form one or more streams of sweetened gas, depleted in HS and enriched in COrelative to the feed gas;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'conduit means for transferring a part of said sour gas into the HS removal system and bypassing the HS removal system with another part of said sour gas;'}{'sub': '2', 'a valve system for adjustably controlling the division of said sour gas between being sent to the HS removal system and bypassing said system; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'conduit means for withdrawing one or more streams of sweetened gas from the HS removal system, and combining said stream(s) with the sour gas bypassing the HS removal system to form HS-lean, COproduct gas.'}2. ...

Process for the purification of crude gas from solids gasification

A process and device is provided for the generation and purification of a crude gas for synthesis gas generation from a solid carbon-containing fuel by a coal gasification reaction. The fuel is mixed with a quenching medium directly after generation to dissipate the internal energy and is then brought into contact with a compound or a sorbent in the mixing chamber or downstream of the mixing chamber such that the acidic or basic or sulphur-containing or halogen-containing constituents contained in the crude gas and originating from the gasification reaction are absorbed. A solids-separating device removes the solid or solidified constituents from the system. The sorbent can be regenerated and returned to the process such that an energy-intensive cooling of the crude gas is not required for its purification and the synthesis gas thus purified can be used in a subsequent process without any further heating.

COLD BED ADSORPTION SULFUR RECOVERY PROCESS

A process for removing sulfur from a gas stream is provided in which a plurality of reactor units, each comprising a condenser and reactor, are selectively operable under Claus reaction and cold bed adsorption conditions. The arrangement of reactor units within the plant is periodically changed following a front-middle-back sequencing scheme. This ensures that the final reactor unit in the series utilizes fully cooled catalyst which is most efficient for operation under cold bed adsorption conditions. In addition, the condenser of the final reactor unit in the series operates at or below the freezing point of sulfur thereby permitting even greater sulfur recovery. 1. A process for recovering sulfur from a gas stream comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'passing a process gas comprising HS and SOthrough a primary Claus reactor operable to convert at least a portion of the HS and SOpresent in the process gas into elemental sulfur;'}sequentially passing the gas exiting the primary Claus reactor through at least first, second, and third reactor units, each reactor unit comprising a catalytic reactor and a sulfur condenser, each of the catalytic reactors being capable of selective operation under both Claus reaction conditions and cold bed adsorption conditions, during a first period of operation the reactor of the third reactor unit operates under cold bed adsorption conditions; andafter the first period of operation of the reactor units, rearranging the sequence of the reactor units such that during a second period of operation the gas exiting the primary Claus reactor first passes through the third reactor unit, followed by the first and second reactor units with the reactor of the second reactor unit operating under cold bed adsorption conditions.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein during the first period of operation the first reactor unit undergoes regeneration in which elemental sulfur deposited on the catalyst present in the catalytic reactor is ...

Cement clinker manufacturing plant

A cement clinker manufacturing plant that includes a plant for producing purified syngas, obtained from solid waste, and process for transferring ash recovered from the ash pan of the gasifier to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device, which the plant includes, and/or of the furnace for the purpose of incorporating said ash into the feedstock; and a process for conveying the purified syngas to the main tuyere of the furnace and/or to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device.

HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND CARBONYL SULFIDE REMOVAL APPARATUS USING MICROWAVE PLASMA, AND METHOD THEREOF

Disclosed are a hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide removal apparatus using microwave plasma and a method thereof. More particularly, in the apparatus and the method, poisonous gases, such as hydrogen sulfide (HS) and carbonyl sulfide (COS), contained in natural gas, refined crude oil refinery gas, gasified synthetic gas, etc. are removed by using microwave plasma, and elemental sulfur and hydrogen are generated from the gases. 13-. (canceled)41. A hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide removal method using microwave plasma by using the apparatus as claimed in claim ,the apparatus comprising a hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide supply chamber, a plasma decomposition chamber, and a rebinding chamber which are vertically piped as upper/middle/lower pipes, wherein to the hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide supply chamber, a vertical pipe, a synthetic gas comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide and a plasma generating gas are supplied, in the plasma decomposition chamber, as a vertical pipe, the supplied hydrogen sulfide and the carbonyl sulfide are decomposed by plasma flame, in the rebinding chamber, as a vertical pipe, from among elements of the hydrogen sulfide and the carbonyl sulfide decomposed by the plasma flame, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are rebound and are separated from sulfur, and between the hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide supply chamber and the plasma decomposition chamber, a waveguide of a plasma generating device is communicated so as to generate plasma,the method comprising:a hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide containing mixed-gas supplying step, in which a mixed-gas comprising the plasma generating gas with the synthetic gas comprising the hydrogen sulfide and the carbonyl sulfide is swirlingly supplied into the hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide supply chamber;a microwave supplying step, in which microwaves generated from the plasma generating device are supplied to the supplied mixed-gas;a plasma flame forming step, in ...

Gas purification device

A gas purification device includes: a converter packed with a catalyst for hydrolyzing both carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen cyanide; an upstream heat exchanger for heat exchange between a gas to be introduced into the converter and a cooling fluid for cooling the gas; a reaction-temperature estimation member for estimating a reaction temperature inside the converter; and a flow-rate adjustment member for adjusting a flow rate of the cooling fluid flowing into the upstream heat exchanger based on an estimated value of the reaction-temperature estimation member to control the reaction temperature.

ACID GAS MANAGEMENT IN LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION PROCESS

A process and method for producing liquid fuel product from hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing streams produced by gasifying solid carbonaceous feedstock and steam reforming of light fossil fuels. The gasifier syngas is treated to preferentially remove at least 99% of sulfur containing impurities and less than 50% of the COto produce a treated gasifier syngas and a COenriched gas. The treated gasifier syngas and the light fossil fuel conversion unit product gas are combined to form a mixed syngas that is converted into a liquid fuel product. The COenriched gas is used in the gasification unit. 1. A method for liquid production , comprising:a) converting a solid carbonaceous material in a gasification unit to form a gasifier syngas;b) passing the gasifier syngas to a gas conditioning unit, and treating the gasifier syngas therein;{'sub': 2', '2, 'c) forming at least a treated gasifier syngas stream containing at least 50% of COin the gasifier syngas, a CO-enriched gas stream, and a sulfur-enriched stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'd) utilizing at least a portion of the CO-enriched gas stream containing at least 90% of COremoved from the gasifier syngas in the formation of the gasifier syngas;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'e) converting a light fossil fuel in a light fossil fuel conversion unit to form a H-rich syngas comprising Hand CO at a H/CO mole ratio of at least 2:1;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'f) combining treated gasifier syngas and H-rich syngas to form a mixed syngas having a H/CO ratio greater than that of treated gasifier syngas stream;'}g) converting the mixed syngas to form a liquid fuel product and a byproduct stream comprising one or more of hydrogen, CO, water vapor, methane, and hydrocarbons containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms; andh) reacting up to 100% of the byproduct stream in the light fossil fuel conversion unit to facilitate formation of the H2-rich syngas.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprises reacting 100% of the byproduct ...

SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

A system and method of producing syngas is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that receives at least a first and second feedstock stream, such as a solid waste stream. The first and second feedstock streams are mixed and gasified to produce a first gas stream. An operating parameter is measured and a ratio of the first and second feedstock streams is changed in response to the measurement. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to a syngas comprising:a feedstock module configured to receive at least a first feedstock stream and a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream being different than the first feedstock stream, the feedstock module being further configured to mix the first feedstock stream and the second feedstock stream at a first ratio to produce a first refuse derived feedstock;an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to receiving the refuse derived feedstock, the first gas stream including hydrogen;a process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen;a first sensor arranged to measure a first operating parameter; anda control system coupled for communication to the feedstock module and the sensor, the control system having a processor responsive to executable computer instructions for changing the ratio of the first mixture of the first feedstock stream to the second feedstock stream to a second ratio in response to receiving the first parameter.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first operating parameter is a temperature of the syngas entering the process module.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second feedstock stream has a higher energy content than the first feedstock stream.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the temperature is ...

PROCESS FOR HYDROGEN SULFIDE SCRUBBING AND METHOD FOR FERRIC ION REGENERATION

A process and method for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas and regenerating ferric ions consumed in the hydrogen sulfide scrubbing process at low pH. A two-scrubber regenerative chemical scrubbing system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas that provides an economical system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas at low pH without the need for chelating agents. An oxide of manganese is used as a catalyst to enhance the regeneration of ferric ions in an aqueous solution under acidic conditions in the presence of oxygen. The process may further include contacting the aqueous solution with a second gas comprising air to replenish the dissolved oxygen in the aqueous solution. The regenerated solution comprising ferric ions can be reused to treat additional hydrogen sulfide containing gases. 1. A process for treating a hydrogen sulfide containing gas , comprising:contacting an aqueous solution containing ferric ions with the hydrogen sulfide containing gas, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of about 6.0 or less,extracting and dissolving hydrogen sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide containing gas into the aqueous solution,reacting the dissolved hydrogen sulfide with the ferric ions in the aqueous solution to produce ferrous ions and sulfur, wherein the sulfur is insoluble in solution; andregenerating ferric ions in the aqueous solution using a catalyst.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the aqueous solution with a second gas.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the second gas is air.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of 4.5 or less.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of 2.0 or less.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an oxide of manganese.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the oxide of manganese is at least one of MnO claim 6 , MnO claim 6 , MnO claim 6 , MnO claim 6 , MnO claim 6 , and MnO.8. The process of claim 6 , wherein the oxide of manganese is MnO.9. The ...

AQUEOUS ABSORBENT COMPOSITION FOR ENHANCED REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM GASEOUS MIXTURES AND METHOD FOR USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to an aqueous alkanolamine solution for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen sulfide. The aqueous alkanolamine solution comprises (i) an amino compound with the formula: 18-. (canceled)9. A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen sulfide comprising the step of: (i) 3-(dimethylamino)-1,2-propanediol,', '(ii) piperazine,', 'and', '(iii) optionally a physical solvent', 'wherein said aqueous alkanolamine solution does not contain an acid having a pKa of 8 or less or an acid-forming material capable of forming in aqueous medium an acid having a pKa of 8 or less., 'A) contacting the gaseous mixture with an aqueous alkanolamine solution wherein the aqueous alkanolamine solution consists of101. The process of claim wherein(i) the 3-(dimethylamino)-1,2-propanediol is present in an amount from 0.1 to 75 weight percent,and(ii) the piperazine is present in an amount from 0.1 to 15 weight percent,wherein weight percent is based on the total weight of the aqueous alkanolamine solution.111. The process of claim wherein the physical solvent is present in an amount from 1 to 75 weight percent based on the total weight of the aqueous alkanolamine solution.123. The process of claim wherein the physical solvent (iii) is selected from cyclotetramethylenesulfone , dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycol , 1 ,3-dimethyl-3 ,4 ,5 ,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone , N-formylmorpholine , N-acetylmorpholine , triethylene glycol monomethyl ether , or mixtures thereof.131. The process of claim further comprising the step ofB) steam stripping the aqueous alkanolamine solution such that an acid gas-lean aqueous alkanolamine solution is formed which may be used in said contacting step.141. The process of claim wherein the temperature of the aqueous alkanolamine solution is equal to or greater than 140° F. The present invention relates to a composition comprising an aqueous solution of ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS

A method of converting carbon containing compounds such as coal, methane or other hydrocarbons into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a high pressure, high temperature reactor which operates upon a blend of a carbon compound including COand a carbon source, a catalyst, and steam. Microwave power is directed into the reactor. The catalyst, preferably magnetite, will act as a heating media for the microwave power and the temperature of the reactor will rise to a level to efficiently convert the carbon and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for simultaneously consuming carbon dioxide and generating petroleum products , the method comprising:(a) introducing particles of a catalytic material, absorbent of microwave energy, into a higher-temperature portion of a reaction vessel;(b) introducing coal particles into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(c) introducing steam into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(d) introducing carbon dioxide into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(e) irradiating the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel with microwave energy absorbed by the catalytic material in the reactor so as to heat the catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the coal and the steam, catalyzed by the catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein (i) at least a portion of the hydrogen reacts with the carbon dioxide to produce water and carbon monoxide and (ii) at least a portion of the hydrogen undergoes exothermic reactions with the carbon monoxide, catalyzed by the catalytic material, to produce multiple petroleum products;(f) cooling a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, thereby establishing a temperature gradient within the reaction vessel wherein the irradiated higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel exhibits a higher temperature than the cooled lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, ...

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE FILTER FOR USE IN HOT GAS FILTRATION, A PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE FILTER AND A METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF SOLID PARTICLES AND UNDESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM GAS STREAMS

A catalytically active filter for use in hot gas filtration to simultaneously remove solid particles and one or more undesirable compounds from a hot gas stream is partly or fully impregnated with a suitable catalyst. The compounds are selected from HCN, arsenic, organic sulfur compounds and carbonyls. The filter is prepared by making an impregnation liquid, which comprises a catalytically effective amount of at least one active metal and an oxide support, impregnating the filter substrate with the impregnation liquid by dipping it in the liquid or spraying it with the liquid to control the amount of liquid and drying and optionally calcining the impregnated filter. 1. A catalytically active filter for use in hot gas filtration to simultaneously remove solid particles and one or more compounds selected from hydrogen cyanide (HCN) , arsenic , organic sulfur compounds and carbonyls from a hot gas stream , said filter , which is partly or fully impregnated with a suitable catalyst , consists of two layers or zones , whereinthe outer layer or zone, facing the gas first, is inert and serves to remove the solid particles from the gas, andthe underlying layer or zone is impregnated with a catalyst-containing liquid and serves to remove one or more of said compounds from the gas.2. Catalytically active filter according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises cobalt claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , nickel and active alumina.3. A process for preparing a catalytically active filter for use in hot gas filtration according to claim 1 , said method comprising the steps ofproviding an appropriately shaped filter substrate having a gas inlet surface and a gas outlet surface,preparing an impregnation liquid, which comprises an effective amount of one or more catalyst metal precursors which, inherently or upon activation, are capable of catalytically removing one or more compounds selected from hydrogen cyanide (HCN), arsenic, organic sulfur compounds and carbonyls,impregnating the ...

CATALYSTS FOR OXIDATIVE SULFUR REMOVAL AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THEREOF

Catalysts for oxidative sulfur removal and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The catalysts contain one or more reactive metal salts dispersed on one or more substrates. Suitable reactive metal salts include those salts containing multivariable metals having variable valence or oxidation states and having catalytic activity with sulfur compounds present in gaseous fuel streams. In some embodiments, the catalyst contains one or more compounds that function as an oxygen sponge under the reaction conditions for oxidative sulfur removal. The catalysts can be used to oxidatively remove sulfur-containing compounds from fuel streams, particularly gaseous fuel streams having high sulfur content. Due to the reduced catalyst cost, anticipated long catalyst life and reduced adsorbent consumption, the catalysts described herein are expected to provide a 20-60% reduction in annual desulfurization cost for biogas with sulfur contents ranges from 1000-5000 ppmv compared with the best adsorbent approach. 128-. (canceled)29. A method for removing sulfur-containing compounds from fluid fuel streams , the method comprising contacting the gaseous fuel stream with one or more catalysts comprising one or more substrates and one or more reactive metal salts to convert the sulfur-containing compounds to elemental sulfur , wherein the one or more reactive metal salts are selected from chlorides of transition metals having multiple oxidation states , sulfates of transition metals have multiple oxidation states , and combinations thereof , wherein the metal is in the lowest possible oxidation state.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the method further comprises contacting the gaseous fuel stream with the one or more catalysts in the presence of an oxygen containing gas.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas is selected from the group consisting of oxygen claim 30 , sulfur dioxide claim 30 , air claim 30 , ozone claim 30 , hydrogen peroxide ...

CO SHIFT CATALYST, CO SHIFT REACTION APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING GASIFIED GAS

A CO shift catalyst according to the present invention reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas. The CO shift catalyst has one of molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component and has an active ingredient having one of nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component and one or two or more kinds of oxides from among titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce) for supporting the active ingredient as a support. The temperature at the time of manufacturing and firing the catalyst is equal to or higher than 550° C. 1. A CO shift catalyst which reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas ,has molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component,has an active ingredient having nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component and a complex oxide including two or more kinds from among titanium (Ti), and silica (Si), for supporting the active ingredient as a support, and formed by firing them at a temperature from 550° C. to 800° C.2. The CO shift catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein a support amount of the main component of the active ingredient is 0.1 to 25 percent by weight, and a support amount of the accessory component is 0.01 to 10 percent by weight.3. A CO shift reaction apparatus comprising the CO shift catalyst according to .4. A method for purifying gasified gas claim 1 , comprising:a step of removing smoke and dust in gasified gas obtained by a gasification furnace by a filter;a step of clarifying the gasified gas after removal of smoke and dust by a wet scrubber apparatus;a step of removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gasified gas after clarification; and{'sub': '2', 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a step of obtaining purified gas by performing the CO shift reaction for converting CO in the gasified gas after removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into COby using the CO shift catalyst according to .'} The present invention relates to a CO shift catalyst for converting CO in gasified gas into CO, a CO shift reaction ...

Systems And Methods For Producing Substitute Natural Gas

Systems and methods for producing synthetic gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an oxidant within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled within a cooler to provide a cooled syngas. The cooled syngas can be processed within a purification system to provide a treated syngas. The purification system can include a saturator adapted to increase a moisture content of the cooled syngas. The treated syngas and a first heat transfer medium can be introduced to a methanator to provide a synthetic gas, a second heat transfer medium, and a methanation condensate. At least a portion of the methanation condensate can be recycled from the methanator to the saturator.

Method for Operating Fuel Gas Manufacturing Device

Provided is a method for operating a fuel gas manufacturing device for stopping the operation in such a manner that the operation can be immediately resumed, while keeping facilities from becoming complex. When stopping the operation while supply of source gas to a desulfurizing unit is stopped, after supply of source gas to the desulfurizing unit and discharge of fuel gas to the outside are stopped, a standby operation process is performed in which fuel gas is circulated by a circulation driving unit in such a manner that the whole amount of fuel gas passed through a moisture removing unit is circulated through a circulation gas path to return to the desulfurizing unit and the circulated fuel gas is heated by a heating unit to a set standby temperature to heat a reforming unit to a temperature that is equivalent to an operation temperature at which reforming is performed, and supply of water vapor is continued in a state where a supply amount of water vapor is at least an amount with which carbon deposition due to thermal decomposition of fuel gas can be prevented and is smaller than an amount that is supplied when reforming is performed.

PROCESS FOR DESULPHURIZING A GAS MIXTURE

The invention relates to a process and a device for generating a fuel gas for a gas turbine by separating off sulphur components from a gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and also carbonyl sulphide and/or hydrogen sulphide, which gas mixture is in this case scrubbed in a physical gas scrubber with a methanol scrubbing medium at a pressure between 30 and 80 bar(a) in order to obtain a first sulphur-free gas mixture and also a methanol scrubbing medium loaded with sulphur components and carbon dioxide, which methanol scrubbing is then regenerated, wherein a carbon dioxide-rich gas phase that contains sulphur components and is formed by pressure reduction is treated in a further gas scrubber with a methanol scrubbing medium in order to back-wash sulphur components and to generate a second sulphur-free gas mixture. 1. A process for generating a fuel gas for a gas turbine by separating off sulphur components from a gas mixture comprising hydrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide and also carbonyl sulphide and/or hydrogen sulphide , which gas mixture is in this case scrubbed in a physical gas scrubber with a methanol scrubbing medium at a pressure between 30 and 80 bar(a) in order to obtain a first sulphur-free gas mixture and also a methanol scrubbing medium loaded with sulphur components and carbon dioxide , which methanol scrubbing medium is then regenerated , wherein a carbon dioxide-rich gas phase that contains sulphur components and is formed by pressure reduction is treated in a further gas scrubber with a methanol scrubbing medium in order to back-wash sulphur components and to generate a second sulphur-free gas mixture , characterized in that the pressure of the loaded methanol scrubbing medium is reduced to a value between 2.5 and 9 bar(a) and at least a part of the second sulphur-free gas mixture is compressed and combined with the first sulphur-free gas mixture to form the fuel gas for the gas turbine.2. The process according to ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DUAL FLUIDIZED BED GASIFICATION

A method for deep desulfurization of synthesis gas comprising introducing carbonaceous material and optionally steam into a gasifier comprising a heat transfer media, extracting a first heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media and optionally unconverted carbonaceous material from the gasifier, and introducing at least a portion of the first heat transfer stream into a combustor, introducing oxidant and optionally a fuel into the combustor, extracting a second heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media from the combustor, and introducing at least a portion of the second heat transfer stream into the gasifier, introducing a compound capable of reacting with sulfur to produce sulfate, sulfide or both, extracting a purge stream comprising ash, sulfate, halide, or a combination thereof from the second heat transfer stream, extracting a flue gas from the combustor, and extracting a gasifier product synthesis gas stream comprising less than 1000 ppm sulfur from the gasifier. 1. A method for deep desulfurization of synthesis gas , the method comprising: introducing a carbonaceous material and optionally steam into a fluid bed gasifier comprising a heat transfer media;', 'extracting a first heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media and optionally unconverted carbonaceous material from the fluid bed gasifier, and introducing at least a portion of the first heat transfer stream into a fluid bed combustor, wherein the first heat transfer stream has a first temperature;', 'introducing oxidant and optionally a fuel into the fluid bed combustor, whereby unconverted carbonaceous material in the first heat transfer stream, fuel, or both is combusted and the temperature of the heat transfer media is raised;', 'extracting a second heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media and having a second temperature from the fluid bed combustor, and introducing at least a portion of the second heat transfer stream into the fluid bed gasifier, wherein the ...

Catalyst for hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide and method of producing same

A catalyst for COS hydrolysis includes titanium dioxide and a barium compound supported on the titanium dioxide. The catalyst, when expressing Ba and S in the catalyst in terms of BaO and SO 3 , respectively, has a molar ratio of SO 3 to BaO of at least 1. The catalyst converts COS and H 2 O in a raw material gas to CO 2 and H 2 S.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR SEPARATION OF CONCOMITANTS FROM A RAW SYNTHESIS GAS STREAM AND FOR PRODUCING A SULFUR-FREE BY-PRODUCT

The invention relates to a process and a plant for staged separation of concomitants from a raw synthesis gas stream to produce synthesis gas and a sulfur-free naphtha product as a by-product, To remove naphtha compounds and sulfur-containing concomitants, raw synthesis gas is treated with a scrubbing medium in a prescrubbing stage and withdrawn from the prescrubbing stage, and the laden scrubbing medium is mixed with water to bring about a phase separation into a scrubbing medium-water mixture and naphtha, wherein sulfur-containing concomitants are in solution in naphtha. To remove the sulfur-containing concomitants the naphtha is heated to obtain sulfur-free naphtha as a by-product of the gas scrubbing. 1. Process for staged separation of concomitants from a raw synthesis gas stream to produce synthesis gas by absorption of the concomitants in a physical scrubbing medium run in countercurrent to the raw synthesis gas stream in a plurality of scrubbing stages at elevated pressure , wherein the concomitants comprise at least carbon dioxide (CO) , one or more sulfur compounds of a first type , one or more sulfur compounds of a second type and naphtha , wherein the process comprises the following steps:a) absorbing at least naphtha and sulfur compounds of the first type in a prescrubbing stage to afford a scrubbing medium fraction laden at least with naphtha and sulfur compounds of the first type;b) mixing the laden scrubbing medium fraction obtained in step a) with water to effect a phase separation into two liquid phases, wherein a first liquid phase comprises water and scrubbing medium and a second liquid phase comprises naphtha and sulfur compounds of the first type dissolved therein;c) heating the second liquid phase obtained in step b) to remove the sulfur compounds of the first type and obtain sulfur-free naphtha;d) absorbing carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds of the second type in at least one main scrubbing stage arranged downstream of the prescrubbing stage ...

NOVEL BETA-HYDROXYLATED TERTIARY DIAMINES, A PROCESS FOR THEIR SYNTHESIS AND THEIR USE FOR ELIMINATING ACID COMPOUNDS A GASEOUS EFFLUENT

The invention relates to novel nitrogen compounds belonging to the family of tertiary diamines of general formula (I) below, wherein R is an alkanediyl radical —(CH)n- with n=2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. 4. A synthesis method of a nitrogen compound as claimed in claim 1 , comprising the following reactions:a first reaction of epoxidation of an alpha-omega-diene to achieve epoxidation of each one of the alkene functions of the alpha-omega-diene to oxirane functions so as to produce a diepoxyalkane,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a second reaction of addition of two moles of dimethylamine and one molecule of the diepoxyalkane so as to produce the nitrogen compound as claimed in .'}5. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein:the first reaction is an epoxidation reaction of 1,5-hexadiene to produce 1,2,5,6-diepoxyhexane,the second reaction is an addition reaction of two moles of dimethylamine and one molecule of 1,2,5,6-diepoxyhexane to produce N,N,N′,N′-(tetramethyl)-1,6-diamino-2,5-hexanediol.6. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein:the first reaction is an epoxidation reaction of 1,7-octadiene to produce 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane,the second reaction is an addition reaction of two moles of dimethylamine and one molecule of 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane to produce N,N,N′,N′-(tetramethyl)-1,8-diamino-2,7-octanediol.7. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the first epoxidation reaction consists in reacting the alpha-omega-diene with a peracid or a peroxide or a hydroperoxide or oxygen associated with a suitable catalytic system claim 4 , and said peracid can be generated in situ by reaction between a carboxylic acid and a hydrogen peroxide.8. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the second addition reaction is carried out in the presence of excess dimethylamine.9. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the first epoxidation reaction and the second addition reaction are carried out in two successive stages.10. A method of removing acid compounds contained in a ...

A process and relating apparatus to make pure hydrogen from a syngas originated from wastes gasification

A raw syngas coming from HT gasification of organic wastes, once cooled in a proper heat recovery boiler or in a quencher is treated in a scrubbing section where, by adding an acidic solution followed by alkaline solution and by a WESP, particulate and chlorine compounds are removed and the syngas is ready for conversion, after its compression. In the conversion step CO is converted into C02 and H2 by adding steam; H2S is reduced to sulphur in a solid form, C02 is removed via cryogenic unit or an amine unit and pure H2 is produced.

CONTINUOUS DESULFURIZATION PROCESS BASED ON METAL OXIDE-BASED REGENERABLE SORBENTS

A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity. A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

PLANT AND METHOD FOR GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Method and plant for generation of synthesis gas, comprising the steps of air fractionation to give oxygen, nitrogen and tail gas, gasification of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel to give crude synthesis gas and cleaning of the crude synthesis gas by removal of acid gas by means of cryogenic absorption, wherein the absorbent is cooled by means of a compression coolant circuit and the cooling water used is cooled by evaporative cooling by means of the tail gas obtained in the air fractionation. 13-. (canceled)4. A method of generating a synthesis gas which consists essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and has been purified of acid gases , proceeding from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel , and also air and steam , the method comprising the steps of:a) fractionating air by low-temperature rectification to give an oxygen stream, a tail gas stream and a nitrogen stream, wherein the tail gas stream and the nitrogen stream are at ambient temperature and the nitrogen stream is at elevated pressure;b) converting a hydrocarbonaceous fuel at elevated pressure and elevated temperature with the oxygen stream generated in step a) and the steam to a synthesis gas;c) removing the acid gases from the synthesis gas generated in step b) by low-temperature absorption in an absorption column with a liquid absorbent;d) cooling the absorbent used in step c) to the low temperature needed for the low-temperature absorption by means of a compression refrigeration plant, wherein the compression refrigeration plant comprises a coolant circuit in which the coolant is compressed and hence heated and is cooled and condensed by subsequent heat exchange with cooling water; ande) cooling the cooling water before it exchanges heat with the coolant in step d) by evaporative cooling,wherein the evaporative cooling in step e) is conducted with the tail gas stream generated in step a) and/or, after the tail gas stream has been expanded, with the nitrogen stream generated in step a).5. Method according to claim 4 ...

LOW TEMPERATURE SULFUR TOLERANT TAR AND SULFUR REMOVAL WITH CONCOMITANT SYNTHESIS GAS CONDITIONING

A catalyst comprising of NiO; AlO; and ZnO. The catalyst is capable of greater than 5% sulfur removal from a synthesis gas at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C. 2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is capable of removal of tar is greater than 55% tar conversion at 350° C.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein NiO is present from 1 to 10 wt %.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is capable of sulfur removal from the synthesis gas at greater than 10%.10. (canceled)1220.-. (canceled)21. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises 0.5 to 15 wt % ZnO.22. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst comprises 0.5 to 15 wt % ZnO.23. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises 7.5 to 12.5 wt % NiO and 7.5 to 12.5 wt % ZnO.23. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst comprises 7.5 to 12.5 wt % NiO and 7.5 to 12.5 wt % ZnO.24. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is configured to be used in a circulating fluidized bed reactor.25. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst is configured to be used in a circulating fluidized bed reactor.26. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Ni and Zn are present as both reduced metal sites and metal oxide sites.27. The catalyst of claim 26 , wherein the reduced metal sites comprise the hydride form of the metal.28. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein at least one of Ni and Zn are present as both reduced metal sites and metal oxide sites.29. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the reduced metal sites comprise the hydride form of the metal.30. A catalyst for treating a raw synthesis gas claim 28 , the catalyst comprising:(a) a mixture of nickel oxide and nickel hydride;(b) a mixture of zinc oxide and zinc hydride; and{'sub': 2', '3, '(c) AlO.'}31. The catalyst of claim 30 , wherein claim 30 , at a temperature in a range from 300° C. to 600° C. claim 30 , the catalyst is simultaneously ...

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A waste reformation system comprising:a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;a waste reforming conversion system for receiving at least organic waste and for producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is in fluid communication with the waste reforming conversion system such that a first portion of the first stream is mixed with the organic waste prior to the organic waste being received by the waste reforming conversion system; andwherein the waste reforming conversion system is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor such that the second stream is used for producing the first stream.2. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is at least one of a Fischer-Tropsch reactor claim 1 , a methanol synthesis reactor claim 1 , a methanation reactor claim 1 , and a shift converter.3. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a shift converter.4. The waste reformation system of claim 3 , further comprising a pressure shift adsorption (PSA) unit in fluid communication with the shift converter claim 3 , the PSA unit for producing hydrogen fuel.5. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a shift converter.6. The waste ...

Method and Systems for Treating Synthesis Gas

The present invention relates to a method for treating synthesis gas, from an indirect or direct gasifier; the method including steps for: allowing the gas within a predetermined entry temperature range to flow into a first heat exchanger, allowing the gas to flow through the first heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a first medium, allowing the gas to transfer from the first heat exchanger to a subsequent last heat exchanger, allowing the gas to flow though the last heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a last medium, and allowing the gas to exit the last heat exchanger for being available to a further treatment, such as a cleaning treatment, within a predetermined exit temperature range, preferably below an ash or mineral solidification point. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cooling system for cooling of synthesis gas and to a gasification system.

CONVERSION OF SOLID BIOMASS INTO A LIQUID HYDROCARBON MATERIAL

The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: 1. A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock , said process comprising the steps of:a) providing in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition, said composition comprising one or more active metals selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium and iron on an oxide support, wherein the active metals are present in a partially sulfided form to the extent that the first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition contains sulfur in an amount of from 10 to 90% of a full stoichiometric amount;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'b) contacting the solid biomass feedstock with said first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in said first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.50 to 7.50 MPa, to produce a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, HO, H, CO, CO, C-Cgases, char and catalyst fines;'}c) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'd) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst and of the HO, CO, CO, H, and C-Cgas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, HO, CO, CO, hydrogen and C-Cgases.'}2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the active metals are selected from one or more of cobalt claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , and iron.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroconversion catalyst is selected from sulfided catalysts comprising one or more metals from the ...

Method and Systems for Treating Synthesis Gas

The present invention relates to a method for treating synthesis gas, from an indirect or direct gasifier; the method including steps for: allowing the gas within a predetermined entry temperature range to flow into a first heat exchanger, allowing the gas to flow through the first heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a first medium, allowing the gas to transfer from the first heat exchanger to a subsequent last heat exchanger, allowing the gas to flow though the last heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a last medium, and allowing the gas to exit the last heat exchanger for being available to a further treatment, such as a cleaning treatment, within a predetermined exit temperature range, preferably below an ash or mineral solidification point. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cooling system for cooling of synthesis gas and to a gasification system. 1. A method for treating synthesis gas , such as gasification gas , such as between initial production and cleaning thereof , from an indirect or direct gasifier; the method comprising steps for:allowing the gas within a predetermined entry temperature range to flow into a first heat exchanger,allowing the gas to flow through the first heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a first medium, preferably a steam medium,allowing the gas to transfer from the first heat exchanger to a subsequent last heat exchanger,allowing the gas to flow though the last heat exchanger while exchanging heat to a last medium, preferably also a steam medium, andallowing the gas to exit the last heat exchanger for being available to a further treatment, such as a cleaning treatment, within a predetermined exit temperature range, preferably below an ash or mineral solidification point.2. The method according to claim 1 , in which the heat exchangers operate on steam cooling claim 1 , preferably fully operate on steam cooling.3. The method according to claim 1 , in which the heat exchangers operate on superheated steam ...

Removal of monocyclic aromatic compounds (BTEX) from a gas

The present invention relates to an improved process and system for purifying a gas, preferably an energy gas, containing aromatic compounds and isolating a fraction of aromatic compounds from said gas. In the process according to the invention, the gas is contacted with a washing liquid in step (a), at a temperature of 15-250° C., to obtain a purified gas, which is depleted in aromatic compounds, and a spent washing liquid wherein the aromatic compounds are dissolved. The spent washing liquid is stripped in step (b) with a stripping gas comprising at least 50 vol. % steam, to obtain a stripped washing liquid which is advantageously reused in step (a) and a loaded stripping gas comprising the aromatic compounds. The aromatic compounds are separated from the loaded stripping gas in step (c) by condensation of the steam and/or the aromatic compounds comprised in the loaded stripping gas to obtain an immiscible composition and isolating the aromatic compounds therefrom. The cleared stripping gas which is advantageously reused in step (b).

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A method of reforming of organic waste material , comprising:producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;providing to a waste reforming conversion system a supply of organic waste;mixing the organic waste with a first portion of the first stream;reforming the mixture of the first stream and the waste with steam and carbon dioxide and producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas and heat; andusing a second portion from the second stream for said producing a first stream.2. The method of wherein said reforming does not include burning the waste or the portion of the first stream.3. The method of wherein said reforming is without the use of a catalyst.4. The method of which further comprises using the heat from said reforming to drive a heat engine and generator to produce electricity.5. The method of wherein said producing a first stream is with a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor.6. The method of wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor further produces a carbon-containing liquid or solid product.7. The method of wherein the carbon-containing liquid or solid product is paraffin.8. The method of wherein the organic waste includes carbon and wherein substantially all of the carbon in the organic waste is sequestered in the carbon-containing liquid or solid product.9. The method of wherein said reforming is at a temperature not greater than one thousand eight hundred degrees F.10. ...

Demetallization of hydrocarbons

The present disclosure refers to a process and a process plant for extraction of metals from a hydrocarbon mixture obtained from a gasification or pyrolysis process, comprising the steps of combining said hydrocarbon mixture with an aqueous acid forming a mixture, mixing said mixture, separating said mixture in a contaminated aqueous phase and a purified hydrocarbon phase, with the associated benefit of said aqueous acid being able to release metals bound in such gasification and pyrolysis processes.

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A waste reformation system comprising:a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;a waste reforming conversion system for receiving organic waste, steam, and carbon dioxide and for producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is in fluid communication with the waste reforming conversion system such that a first portion of the first stream is mixed with the organic waste prior to the organic waste being received by the waste reforming conversion system; andwherein the waste reforming conversion system is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor such that a second portion of the second stream is used for producing the first stream.2. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , further comprising means for cooling the second portion prior to said producing the first stream.3. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the means for cooling is a Brayton cycle turbine.4. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , further comprising means for pressurizing the second portion prior to said producing the first stream.5. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is at least one of a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a shift converter.6. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a ...

Gas clean-up unit and gas purification method

A gas clean-up unit includes a first conversion unit configured to perform a first conversion process of converting hydrogen cyanide contained in gas to be treated to ammonia, in presence of a first catalyst and at a first predetermined temperature; a second conversion unit configured to perform a second conversion process of converting carbonyl sulfide in the gas that has been subjected to the first conversion process to hydrogen sulfide, in presence of a second catalyst and at a second predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature; a cleaning unit configured to perform a cleaning process of bringing the gas into gas-liquid contact with cleaning liquid to remove the ammonia by cleaning; and a desulfurization unit configured to absorb and remove hydrogen sulfide in the gas by bringing the gas that has been subjected to the cleaning process into gas-liquid contact with absorbent.

Methods and system for decreasing gas emissions from landfills

A method of diverting municipal solid waste (MSW) from a landfill that includes receiving, at a MSW processing system, a quantity of MSW, gasifying the quantity of MSW in a gasification unit to yield a syngas stream and biochar stream, converting at least a portion of the syngas to mixed alcohols in an alcohol synthesis unit, separating the mixed alcohols into one or more alcohol products, and determining a carbon offset for diverting the MSW from the landfill to the MSW processing system.

PROCESS FOR DEVOLATIZING A FEEDSTOCK

Provided herein is a method for devolatizing a solid feedstock. The solid feedstock is treated to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cmand 100 cm. The solid feedstock is passed into a device connected to an outlet of a compaction screw auger comprising an assembly including a solid feedstock injector, a retort, a side arm for injecting a heated gas comprising hydrogen, and a process auger. The solid feedstock is contacted with the heated gas at a temperature of 500° C. to 1000° C. for a time of 60 seconds to 120 seconds, whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream. 1. A method for devolatizing a solid feedstock , comprising carbon-based waste selected from the group consisting of hazardous material , biomass , animal manure , tires , municipal solid waste and refuse derived fuel , wherein the method comprises:{'sup': 3', '3, 'treating the solid feedstock to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cmand 100 cm;'} [{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'the injector having a cylindrical body defined by an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical surface with a thickness between the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, an inner cavity, an inside diameter D, and an outside diameter D; an inlet end of the injector having an inlet opening and injector flange radially disposed around the inlet opening and extending radially outward from the cylindrical body of the injector; an outlet end of the injector having an outlet opening and an injector ring radially disposed around the outlet opening and extending radially outward from the cylindrical body of the injector; an internal sealing shoulder being disposed on the outer cylindrical surface of the injector at a distance Lfrom the injector ring and at a distance Lfrom the injector flange, wherein the distance Lis less than the distance L;'}, {'sub': 3', '4', '3', '2, 'the retort having a cylindrical body defined by an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COAL PURIFICATION AND COMPLETE BURNING FOR CLEAN FOSSIL FUEL

In one aspect, a method for coal purification and gasification may include steps of heating the coal including various hydrocarbons and harmful substances such as sulfides, phosphates, etc. to 900 to 1200° C. in a coal gasifier; providing a reaction chamber with oxygen and connecting with the coal gasifier; the sulfides, phosphates, etc. in the gasified coal entering the reaction chamber from the coal gasifier and reacting with the oxygen therein; separating mixtures from the reaction chamber to collect hydrocarbons in its fluidized phase; heating the fluidized hydrocarbons; and providing oxygen to react with the gasified form of hydrocarbons to achieve a complete burning of the hydrocarbons. 1. A method for coal purification and complete burning comprising steps of:(a) heating the coal in a solid form to a gasified form without air including various hydrocarbons and harmful substances to a predetermined range of temperature in a coal gasifier, and the temperature is controlled by a feedback control system;(b) providing a reaction chamber with oxygen and connecting with the coal gasifier;(c) separating the harmful substances from the hydrocarbons;(d) condensing the gasified coal from the reaction chamber to collect hydrocarbons in its fluidized phase;(e) heating the fluidized hydrocarbons to become a gasified form;(f) providing oxygen to mix with the gasified form of the fluidized hydrocarbons; and(g) igniting mixed hydrocarbons and oxygen to achieve complete burning.2. The method for coal purification and complete burning of claim 1 , wherein harmful substances include sulfides and phosphates.3. The method for coal purification and complete burning of claim 2 , wherein sulfides can be removed through a sulfonation process according to the formula below:{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3, '2S+3O=2SO\u2003\u2003(i)'}{'br': None, 'sub': 6', '6', '3', '6', '5', '3, 'CH+SO=CHSOH\u2003\u2003(ii)'}{'br': None, 'sub': 6', '5', '3', '2', '6', '6', '2', '4, 'CHSOH+HO=CH+HSO\u2003\ ...

Systems and methods for removing elemental sulfur from a hydrocarbon fluid

Systems and methods for removing elemental sulfur from a hydrocarbon fluid using an adsorbent.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PURIFYING CRUDE SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention relates to a process for removal of unwanted, in particular acidic gas constituents, for example carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, from a crude synthesis gas by gas scrubbing with a scrubbing medium. According to the invention the flash gases obtained during the decompression of the laden scrubbing medium are supplied to a recompressor in order to recycle these to the crude synthesis gas and thus utilize them materially after the recompression. Alternatively or in addition the flash gases may also be supplied to a decompression turbine to recover refrigeration and mechanical work. If the recompressor and/or the decompression turbine are/is designed to have multiple stages, the flash gases obtained at different pressure levels are preferably supplied to a corresponding pressure level of the recompressor and/or of the decompression turbine. 16-. (canceled)7. A process for purifying a crude synthesis gas by gas scrubbing with a scrubbing medium comprising:(a) providing and supplying the crude synthesis gas to a prescrubber for removal of trace components,{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) supplying a gaseous tops product from the prescrubber to an HS scrubber for removal of HS,'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, '(c) supplying a gaseous tops product from the HS scrubber to a COscrubber for removal of CO,'}{'sub': '2', '(d) discharging a purified synthesis gas stream as a gaseous tops product from the COscrubber,'}(e) supplying a liquid bottoms product from the prescrubber to an intermediate-pressure prescrubbing flash vessel, supplying a gaseous tops product from the intermediate-pressure prescrubbing flash vessel to a recompressor, supplying a liquid bottoms product from the intermediate-pressure prescrubbing flash vessel to a low-pressure prescrubbing flash vessel, supplying a gaseous tops product from the low-pressure prescrubbing flash vessel to the recompressor, supplying a liquid bottoms product from the low-pressure prescrubbing flash vessel to at least one apparatus for ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER PRODUCTION INCLUDING METHANATION

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor that is configured to provide an output stream that is enriched in methane content. The resulting partially oxidized stream can be cooled, filtered, additionally cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle COstream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The recycle COstream is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and optionally the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems. 122-. (canceled)23. A combined partial oxidation (POX) system and power production system (PPS) comprising:a catalytic POX reactor adapted to partially oxidize a liquid or solid fuel in the presence of oxygen, a catalyst, and optionally steam to form a POX stream comprising methane;one or more components adapted to cool the POX stream;a POX heat exchanger adapted to withdraw heat from the POX stream and output a cooled POX fuel gas;an optional mercury removal unit;an optional acid gas removal unit;an optional methanation unit;an optional post-methanation heat exchanger configured to withdraw heat from a stream exiting a methanation unit;a compressor adapted to compress the POX fuel gas to a pressure of about 10 MPa or greater;{'sub': '2', 'a PPS combustor adapted to combust the POX fuel gas in the presence of oxygen and a compressed recycle COstream and form a PPS combustion product stream at a pressure of about 10 MPa or greater;'}a turbine adapted to expand the PPS combustion product stream and generate power in a ...

Conversion of biomass into a liquid hydrocarbon material

The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass, biomass containing and/or biomass-derived feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the feedstock with a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.50 to 7.50 MPa, to produce a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, H2O, H2, CO2, CO, C1-C3 gases, char and catalyst fines; b) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream; c) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst compositions and of the H2O, CO2, CO, H2, and C1-C3 gas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H2O, CO, CO2, and C1-C3 gases, wherein one or more of the first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and the hydroconversion catalyst composition is prepared by a process comprising combining a porous support with one or more catalytically active metals selected from Group VI and Group VIII of the Periodic Table, thereby forming a catalyst precursor having a volatile content, and reducing the volatile content of the catalyst precursor in one or more steps, wherein at least one volatile content reduction step is performed in the presence of one or more sulfur containing compounds; and wherein the catalyst precursor does not reach calcining temperatures prior to said at least one combined volatile content reduction-sulfurizing step.

ABSORPTION COLUMN HAVING EXTERNAL HEAT EXCHANGE CIRCUIT

An absorption column including at least one external heat exchange circuit for cooling or heating the absorption liquid, including one or more serially connected heat exchangers, wherein the junction of the pipeline for withdrawal of the absorption liquid from the column is disposed above the junction of the pipeline into the first heat exchanger in the flow direction, wherein the pipeline also includes a dumped bed 17.-. (canceled)8. An absorption column comprising at least one external heat exchange circuit for cooling or heating the absorption liquid , comprising one or more serially connected heat exchangers , wherein the junction of the pipeline for withdrawal of the absorption liquid from the column is disposed above the junction of the pipeline into the first heat exchanger in the flow direction , wherein the pipeline further comprises a dumped bed.9. The absorption column according to claim 8 , wherein the dumped bed comprises packing bodies.10. The absorption column according to claim 8 , wherein the pipeline for feeding the absorption liquid into the one or more heat exchangers joins the bottom side thereof and the pipeline for discharging the absorption liquid from the one or more heat exchangers joins the top side thereof.11. The absorption column according to claim 8 , wherein the withdrawal point and the return point for the absorption liquid from the column and the dumped bed and the at least one heat exchanger are arranged at such relative heights that the flow of the absorption liquid through the heat exchanger circuit is driven solely by gravity.12. The absorption column according to claim 8 , wherein the heat exchangers are each connected to a coolant claim 8 , cold water or cooling water circuit or are connected as economizers to an absorption medium stream internal to the process. This application is a 371 of International PCT Application PCT/EP2018/025209, filed Aug. 2, 2018, which claims priority to European Patent Application EP 17400049.7, ...

Novel beta-hydroxylated tertiary diamines, a process for their synthesis and their use for eliminating acid compounds a gaseous effluent

The compound according to the invention is for example N,N,N′,N′-(tetramethyl)-1,6-diamino-2,5-hexanediol or N,N,N′,N′-(tetramethyl)-1,8-diamino-2,7-octanediol. The invention also relates to the method for preparing them and to their use for removing acid compounds contained in a gaseous effluent.

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A FEED CONTAINING BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS, BY FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

The present invention concerns an integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons starting from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed, said process comprising at least one pre-treatment step, a gasification step, a step for conditioning synthesis gas, a water scrubbing step, a step for eliminating acid gases, a final purification step, and a catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction step. 1. An integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed , said process comprising at least the following steps: a1) drying,', 'a2) torrefaction,', 'a4) grinding,, 'a) a step for pre-treatment of the biomass fraction and optionally of the other fraction or fractions, comprising at least one of the operations a1), a2), a4)b) an optional step for combining the pre-treated biomass fraction and the other fraction or fractions of the feed, which may or may not have been pre-treated,c) a step for gasification of the effluent obtained from step b) and/or of the pre-treated fraction obtained from step a) and optionally of at least one fraction of another feed introduced directly into the gasification step in an entrained flow reactor, a step d1) for scrubbing with water and for fractionating said synthesis gas into at least two effluents: a first portion and a complementary portion,', 'a step d2) for eliminating halogenated compounds by passing said first portion through at least one suitable guard bed,', 'a water gas shift step d3) carried out on the effluent obtained from step d2),', {'sub': 2', '3, 'a step d4) for catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN compounds contained in said complementary portion of the effluent obtained from step d1) into HS and NH,'}], 'd) a step for conditioning synthesis gas obtained from step c), comprisinge) a step for recombination of at least one fraction of ...

CO SHIFT CATALYST, CO SHIFT REACTION APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING GASIFIED GAS

A CO shift catalyst according to the present invention reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas. The CO shift catalyst has one of molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component and has an active ingredient having one of nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component and one or two or more kinds of oxides from among titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce) for supporting the active ingredient as a support. The temperature at the time of manufacturing and firing the catalyst is equal to or higher than 550° C.

FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS AND TRANSPORTATION FUELS

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

CO SHIFT CATALYST, CO SHIFT REACTOR, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING GASIFICATION GAS

Provided is a CO shift catalyst that reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas. The CO shift catalyst includes an active component containing either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component, and either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component, and a carrier which carries the active component and consists of one or two or more kinds of oxides of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce). A temperature during catalyst manufacturing firing is set to 600° C. or higher, and an average pore size of the carrier is set to 300 Å or more. 1. A CO shift catalyst that reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas , comprising:an active component containing either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component, and either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component; anda carrier which carries the active component and consists of oxides of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce) and has an anatase type crystal structure,wherein an average pore size of the CO shift catalyst is 300 Å or more.2. The CO shift catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein in the active component claim 1 , an amount of the main component that is carried is 0.1 wt % to 25 wt % claim 1 , and an amount of the accessory component that is carried is 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.3. A CO shift reactor claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a reactor tower filled with the CO shift catalyst according to .'}4. A method for purifying a gasification gas claim 1 , the method comprising:removing dust in a gasification gas, which is obtained in a gasification furnace, with a filter;purifying the gasification gas, which is subjected to a CO shift reaction, with a wet scrubber device;removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gasification gas; and{'sub': '2', 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'subjecting the gasification gas to a CO shift reaction which converts CO in the gasification gas into COby using the CO shift catalyst according to ...

CO SHIFT CATALYST, CO SHIFT REACTOR, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING GASIFICATION GAS

Provided is a CO shift catalyst that reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas. The CO shift catalyst includes: an active component including either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component, and either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component; a promoter component including any one kind of component selected from the group consisting of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg); and a carrier which carries the active component and the promoter component, and includes one or more kinds of oxides of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce). 1. A CO shift catalyst that reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas , comprising:an active component including either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component, and either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component;a promoter component including any one kind of component selected from the group consisting of potassium (K), sodium (Na) and phosphorus (P); anda carrier which carries the active component and the promoter component, and includes one or more kinds of oxides of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce).2. The CO shift catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein in the active component, an amount of the main component that is carried is 0.1 wt % to 25 wt %, and an amount of the accessory component that is carried is 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %, andan amount of the promoter component that is carried is 0.1 wt % to 2.0 wt %.3. A CO shift reactor claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a reactor tower filled with the CO shift catalyst according to .'}4. A method for purifying a gasification gas claim 1 , comprising:removing dust in a gasification gas, which is obtained in a gasification furnace, with a filter;purifying the gasification gas, which is subjected to a CO shift reaction, with a wet scrubber device;removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gasification gas; and{'sub': '2', 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM- ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials, the process comprising the steps of: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/921,536 filed Jul. 6, 2020, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,928 filed Jul. 1, 2019, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS now U.S. Pat. No. 10,704,002, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/682,368 filed Aug. 21, 2017, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC ...

CO SHIFT CATALYST, CO SHIFT REACTOR, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING GASIFICATION GAS

Provided is a CO shift catalyst that reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas. The CO shift catalyst includes: an active component including either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component, and either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component; and a carrier which carries the active component, and includes a composite oxide of two or more kinds of elements selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), cerium (Ce), silica (Si), aluminum (Al), and lanthanum (La). 1. A CO shift catalyst that reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas , comprising:an active component including either molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component, and either nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component; anda carrier which carries the active component, wherein the carrier is any one of:(i) a composite oxide of titanium (Ti) and silica (Si);(ii) a composite oxide of titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al);(iii) a composite oxide of titanium (Ti) and lanthanum (La); and(iv) a composite oxide of zirconium (Zr) and aluminum (Al).2. The CO shift catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein in the active component, an amount of the main component that is carried is 0.1 wt % to 25 wt %, and an amount of the accessory component that is carried is 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.3. A CO shift reactor claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a reactor tower filled with the CO shift catalyst according to .'}4. A method for purifying a gasification gas claim 1 , comprising:removing dust in a gasification gas, which is obtained in a gasification furnace, with a filter;purifying the gasification gas, which is subjected to a CO shift reaction, with a wet scrubber device;removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gasification gas; and{'sub': '2', 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'subjecting the gasification gas to a CO shift reaction which converts CO in the gasification gas into COby using the CO shift catalyst according to ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SEPARATING SYNTHESIS GAS

A method for operating a gas scrubber, wherein a first feed gas is scrubbed in a first scrubbing installation and a second feed gas is scrubbed in a second scrubbing installation operated in parallel to the first, with the same physically acting scrubbing medium, in order to dissolve sulfur components out of the feed gases containing contaminants and to obtain desulfurized gas streams, wherein scrubbing medium streams loaded with sulfur components and co-absorbed carbon monoxide arise, and wherein the first feed gas, the carbon monoxide partial pressure of which is lower than that of the second, is scrubbed in the first scrubbing installation at a lower pressure than the second feed gas in the second scrubbing installation. The scrubbing medium is loaded in the second scrubbing installation with sulfur components and co-absorbed carbon monoxide is expanded into the first scrubbing installation to convert dissolved carbon monoxide to the gas phase. 1. A method for operating a gas scrubber , in which a first feed gas is scrubbed in a first scrubbing installation and a second feed gas is scrubbed in a second scrubbing installation operated in parallel to the first , in each case with the same physically acting scrubbing medium , in order to dissolve sulfur components out of the feed gases containing hydrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , and also carbonyl sulfide and/or hydrogen sulfide and to obtain desulfurized gas streams , wherein scrubbing medium streams loaded with sulfur components and co-absorbed carbon monoxide arise , and wherein the first feed gas , the carbon monoxide partial pressure of which is lower than that of the second , is scrubbed in the first scrubbing installation at a lower pressure than the second feed gas in the second scrubbing installation , characterized in that scrubbing medium that is loaded in the second scrubbing installation with sulfur components and co-absorbed carbon monoxide is expanded into the first scrubbing installation ...

PURIFICATION OF A RAW GAS BY HYDROGENATION

The present disclosure relates to a process for hydrogenation of a raw gas feed, said process comprising the steps of a) reacting the raw gas in the presence of a material being catalytically active in hydrogenation of oxygen and/or olefins, and being an adsorbent of HS, and b) withdrawing a heated purified gas wherein said raw gas comprises at least 10 ppb, preferably at least 20 ppb, and most preferably at least 50 ppb of a sulfur impurity such as HS or COS, and at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.2% and most preferably at least 0.5% by volume of one or more further impurities taken from the group of Oand CH, and wherein the temperature of the catalytically active material is sufficiently high to ensure that the concentration of the sulfur impurity and said one or more further impurities in said purified gas is less than half the concentration in said raw gas. This process has the benefit of removing multiple undesired impurities from the raw gas in a single reactor while maintaining the temperature at the outlet of the reactor sufficiently low to avoid production of alcohols. 1. A process for hydrogenation of a raw gas feed , said process comprising the steps of{'sub': '2', 'a) in a reactor cooled by a cooling medium, reacting the raw gas in the presence of a material being catalytically active in hydrogenation of oxygen and/or olefins and being an adsorbent of HS, and'}b) withdrawing a heated purified gas,wherein said raw gas comprises{'sub': '2', 'at least 10 ppb, preferably at least 20 ppb, and most preferably at least 50 ppb of a sulfur impurity such as HS or COS, and'}{'sub': 2', 'n', 'n, 'at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.2%, and most preferably at least 0.5% by volume of one or more further impurities taken from the group of Oand CH2,'}and where the temperature of the catalytically active material is sufficiently high for ensuring that the concentration of sulfur impurity and said one or more further impurities in said purified gas is less than half ...

METHOD AND PLANT FOR GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Method and plant for generating a synthesis gas which consists mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and has been freed of acid gases, proceeding from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel, and air and steam, wherein low-temperature fractionation separates air into an oxygen stream, a tail gas stream and a nitrogen stream, wherein the tail gas stream and the nitrogen stream are at ambient temperature and the nitrogen stream is at elevated pressure, wherein the hydrocarbonaceous fuel, having been mixed with the oxygen stream and steam at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, is converted to a synthesis gas by a method known to those skilled in the art, and wherein acid gas is subsequently separated therefrom by low-temperature absorption in an absorption column, wherein the nitrogen stream generated in the fractionation of air is passed through and simultaneously cooled in an expansion turbine and then used to cool either the absorbent or the coolant circulating in the coolant circuit of the compression refrigeration plant. 110-. (canceled)11. A method of generating a synthesis gas which consists essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and has been purified of acid gases , proceeding from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel , and air and steam , wherein low-temperature fractionation separates air into an oxygen stream , a tail gas stream and a nitrogen stream , wherein the tail gas stream and the nitrogen stream are at ambient temperature and the nitrogen stream is at elevated pressure , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous fuel , having been mixed with the oxygen stream and steam at elevated temperature and elevated pressure , is converted to a synthesis gas by a method known to those skilled in the art , and wherein acid gas is subsequently separated therefrom by low-temperature absorption in an absorption column , wherein the absorbent is cooled by means of a compression refrigeration plant , wherein the nitrogen stream generated by low-temperature fractionation of air is passed ...

Method for Gas Separation, Purification and Clarification by FTrPSA

A method for gas separation, purification and clarification by FTrPSA uses the temperature and pressure of different raw gases as well as the differences in adsorption separation coefficients and physicochemical properties among all components in the raw gases at a temperature range of −80-200° C. and a pressure range of 0.03-4.0 Mpa, regulates the adsorption or desorption regeneration operation in the PSA cycle process by coupling various separation methods, and expands the adsorption theory that the PSA or TSA separation process is limited to the cyclic operation of adsorption and desorption regeneration through pressure or temperature changes, thus realizing the gradient utilization of energy in the process of gas separation, purification and clarification as well as the easy-to-match and easy-to-balance cyclic operation of adsorption and desorption regeneration in the process of intercooling & shallow-cooling and medium & high-temperature PSA separation to separate, purify and clarify various raw gases. 1: A method for gas separation , purification and clarification by FTrPSA (full temperature range-pressure swing adsorption) , comprising following procedures proceed in turn:1) executing PSA (pressure swing adsorption) concentration procedure: introducing raw gas into a PSA system; wherein the PSA system uses a multi-tower series or parallel connection process for alternate cyclic operation, with an adsorption temperature maintained at −80-200° C. and an adsorption pressure at 0.03-4.0 MPa; the raw gas is divided into two paths, intermediate gas and concentrated gas, which are separated for subsequent treatment;2) executing intermediate gas treatment procedure: wherein the intermediate gas is an unadsorbed gas in the PSA concentration procedure; which is discharged directly or stored, or refined in the refining procedure before being discharged or stored; and3) executing concentrated gas treatment procedure: wherein the concentrated gas is the adsorbed gas in ...

Process For The Production of Synthesis Gas From Hard Coal

A process for the production of synthesis gas from coke is described herein. The process comprises the steps of: (a) subjecting hard coal to dry pyrolysis, resulting in the production of a gas mixture containing hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents and carbon sulphides as minor constituents; (b) subjecting the gas mixture to hydrogenation at a temperature in the range of 200 to 280° C. over a sulphidic cobalt molybdenum catalyst provided on an aluminium oxide carrier material; and (c) separating the hydrogen sulphide obtained from hydrogenation from the gas mixture. 118-. (canceled)19. A process for the production of synthesis gas from coke , comprising the steps of:(a) subjecting hard coal to dry pyrolysis, resulting in the production of a gas mixture containing hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents and carbon sulphides as minor constituents;(b) subjecting the gas mixture to hydrogenation at a temperature in the range of 200 to 280° C. over a sulphidic cobalt molybdenum catalyst provided on an aluminium oxide carrier material; and(c) separating the hydrogen sulphide obtained from hydrogenation from the gas mixture.20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the hydrogenation of step (b) is carried out in a temperature range between 240 and 260° C.21. The process of claim 19 , wherein the hydrogenation of step (b) is carried out at a pressure of 1 to 15 bar.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the hydrogenation of step (b) is carried out at a pressure of 5 to 10 bar.23. The process of claim 19 , wherein the hydrogenation of step (b) is carried out at a GHSV of 500 to 1500 l/h.24. The process of claim 19 , wherein cobalt molybdenum catalysts are used which do not contain any other transition metals.25. The process of claim 19 , wherein cobalt molybdenum catalysts are used which claim 19 , with reference to the metal components claim 19 , predominantly consist of molybdenum sulphide and contain cobalt ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING ACID GAS FROM A GAS STREAM

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A method for removing acid gases from a gas stream , the method comprising:flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of one or more sulfur compounds from the feed gas, wherein the desulfurization unit produces a desulfurized gas; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'flowing the desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed gas comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of: carbon monoxide (CO) claim 1 , carbon dioxide (CO) claim 1 , hydrogen gas (H) claim 1 , syngas claim 1 , shifted syngas claim 1 , a hydrocarbon (HC) claim 1 , and natural gas; and a combination of two or more of the foregoing.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein flowing the feed gas into the desulfurization unit is done under a condition selected from the group consisting of:in a temperature range of about 400° F. or greater;in a temperature range of about 400° F. to about 1100° F.;in a temperature range of about 100° C. to about 900° C.;in a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm;in a temperature range of about 400° F. or greater and a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm;in a temperature range of about 400° F. to about 1100° F. and a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm; andin a temperature range of about 100° C. to about 900° C. and a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein flowing the desulfurized gas into the COremoval unit is done under a condition selected from the group consisting of:in a temperature range of about −80° F. to about 30° F.;in a ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

Low-Effluent Syngas Handling System

A system for processing a syngas stream including particulate matter, a combustible gas, and acid components is disclosed. The system includes a gasifier vessel configured to produce a raw syngas stream; a gas cooling apparatus configured to cool the raw syngas stream to produce a cooled syngas stream; an HCl and particulate removal apparatus configured to produce a reduced-HCl syngas stream; a first reheat apparatus configured to produce a first reheated syngas stream; a COS and HCN hydrolysis apparatus configured to produce a hydrolyzed syngas stream; an HS removal apparatus configured to produce a reduced-HS syngas stream; a second reheat apparatus configured to produce a second reheated syngas stream; an activated carbon bed apparatus configured to produce a polished syngas stream; and a compression and intercooling apparatus configured to compress and cool the polished syngas stream to produce a clean syngas stream. 1. A system for processing a syngas stream including particulate matter , a combustible gas , and acid components , the system comprising:a gasifier vessel configured to produce a raw syngas stream;a gas cooling apparatus configured to cool the raw syngas stream to produce a cooled syngas stream;an HCl and particulate removal apparatus configured to remove at least a portion of HCl contained in the cooled syngas stream and at least a portion of remaining particulate matter in the cooled syngas stream to produce a reduced-HCl syngas stream;a first reheat apparatus configured to increase the temperature of the reduced-HCl syngas stream to produce a first reheated syngas stream;a COS and HCN hydrolysis apparatus configured to remove at least a portion of COS and HCN contained in the first reheated syngas stream to produce a hydrolyzed syngas stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'an HS removal apparatus configured to remove at least a portion of HS in the hydrolyzed syngas stream to produce a reduced-HS syngas stream;'}{'sub': '2', 'a second reheat apparatus ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WATER GAS SHIFT WITH REDUCED STEAM CONSUMPTION

A water gas shift reaction is carried out on a feed gas comprising carbon monoxide to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. The feed gas is split into multiple input streams flowed into respective reactors coupled in series. Steam is supplied to the input stream fed to the first reactor. The shift reaction is carried out in each reactor, with an overall reduced consumption of steam relative to the amount of gas shifted. The water gas shift reaction may be performed in conjunction with removing acid gas compounds from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A method for removing acid gases from a gas stream , the method comprising:flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of a sulfur compound from the feed gas, wherein the desulfurization unit produces a desulfurized feed gas;{'sub': 2', '2, 'flowing the desulfurized feed gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized feed gas; and'}before or after desulfurizing the feed gas, subjecting the feed gas to a water-gas shift reaction by:splitting a flow of feed gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) into a plurality of feed gas streams comprising at least a first feed gas stream, a second feed gas stream, and a third feed gas stream;combining the first feed gas stream with a steam stream to produce a first input gas stream;flowing the first input gas stream into a first shift reactor containing a first shift catalyst;{'sub': 2', '2, 'reacting the CO with the steam in the presence of the first shift catalyst to produce a first product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H);'}combining the first product gas stream with the second feed gas stream to produce a ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RECOVERING GAS CONTAINING CO2 AND H2S

The system includes: an absorber which brings an introduction gas into contact with an absorbent that absorbs COand HS; an absorbent regenerator which releases COor the like to regenerate the absorbent; a second supply line which returns a regenerated absorbent to the absorber from the regenerator; a third supply line which extracts a semi-rich solution from the vicinity of a middle stage of the absorber, and introduces the semi-rich solution to the vicinity of the middle stage of the regenerator; and a semi-rich solution heat exchanger which is interposed at an intersection between the third supply line and the second supply line to perform the heat exchange between the semi-rich solution and the lean solution. 1. A system for recovering a gas containing COand HS , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'an absorber which brings an introduction gas into contact with an absorbent absorbing COand HS so as to absorb COand HS from the introduction gas, the introduction gas containing COand HS;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'an absorbent regenerator which extracts the absorbent, which has absorbed COand HS from a bottom portion of the absorber, introduces the absorbent from a top portion side via a first supply line, and releases COand HS by the heat of a reboiler so as to regenerate the absorbent;'}a second supply line which returns the regenerated absorbent to the absorber;{'sub': 2', '2, 'a third supply line which extracts the absorbent, which has absorbed a part of COand HS from the vicinity of a middle stage of the absorber, and introduces the extracted absorbent to the vicinity of the middle stage of the regenerator;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'a heat exchanger which is interposed at an intersection between the third supply line and the second supply line so as to perform the heat exchange between the absorbent, which has absorbed COand HS extracted from the vicinity of the middle stage of the absorber, and the regenerated absorbent; and'}flash drums which are ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RECOVERING GAS CONTAINING CO2 AND H2S

The system is provided with: a first heat exchanger which is interposed at an intersection between a rich solution supply line and a lean solution supply line, which has absorbed COand HS extracted from a bottom portion of an absorber, and a regenerated absorbent; a second heat exchanger which is interposed at an intersection between a semi-rich solution supply line and a branch line branched at the branch portion C from the lean solution supply line, and the lean solution; a merging portion which merges a branch line configured to supply the lean solution after heat exchange with the lean solution supply line; and a flow rate adjusting valve which is interposed in the lean solution supply line to adjust the distribution amount of the lean solution. 1. A system for recovering a gas containing COand HS , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'an absorber which brings an introduction gas containing COand HS into contact with an absorbent which absorbs COand HS to absorb COand HS from the introduction gas;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'an absorbent regenerator which extracts the absorbent, which has absorbed COand HS, from a bottom portion of the absorber, introduces the absorbent from a top portion side via a rich solution supply line, and releases COand HS by the heat of a reboiler to regenerate the absorbent;'}a lean solution supply line which returns the regenerated absorbent to the absorber;{'sub': 2', '2, 'a semi-rich solution supply line which extracts the absorbent, which has absorbed a part of COand HS from the vicinity of a middle stage of the absorber, and introduces the extracted absorbent into the vicinity of the middle stage of the regenerator;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'a first heat exchanger which is interposed at an intersection between the rich solution supply line and the lean solution supply line to perform the heat exchange between the absorbent, which has absorbed COand HS extracted from the bottom portion of the absorber, and the regenerated ...

Method of Fabricating Oil Product of Gasoline

An oil product of gasoline is fabricated. The product contains hydrocarbon compound ranged as a gasoline composition. The purification process of dimethyl ether (DME) used in the present invention greatly reduces the feed rate for obtaining a smaller reactor with cost down. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is separated to be recycled back to the gasifier to be reused, archived or used otherwise for improves global environment. At the same time, CO 2 is reacted with hydrocarbons, water vapor, etc. through a novel high-temperature plasma torch to generate a synthesis gas (syngas) of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) for regulating a hydrogen/carbon ratio of a biomass- or hydrocarbon-synthesized compound and helping subsequent chemical synthesis reactions. In the end, the final gasoline production has a high yield, a high octane rate, low nitrogen and sulfur pollution and a highly ‘green’ quality.

SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

A system and method of producing syngas from a solid waste stream is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that gasifies the solid waste stream to produce a first gas stream. A process module cools the first gas stream and removes contaminants, such as metals, sulfur and carbon dioxide from the first gas stream to produce a second gas stream having hydrogen. The second gas stream is received by a power module that generates electrical power from the second gas stream. The process module may include one or more heat exchangers. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to energy comprising:an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to an input stream of solid waste material, the first gas stream including hydrogen;a process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including a first heat exchanger operable to cool the first gas stream, the process module further including at least one clean-up process module fluidly coupled to the first heat exchanger to receive the cooled first gas stream, the at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen; anda hydrogen conversion device configured to receive the second gas stream and generate electrical power based at least in part from the hydrogen in the second gas stream.2. The system of wherein the first gas stream is cooled to a temperature less than or equal to 300 C.3. The system of wherein the at least one clean-up process module includes a first clean-up process module and a second clean-up process module claim 1 , the first clean-up process module being fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream from the first heat exchanger claim 1 , the second clean-up process module being fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream from the first clean-up process module and produce the ...

Sulfur Resistant Nickel Based Catalysts, Methods of Forming and Using Such Catalysts

Nickel based catalyst structures are described herein that include a plurality of metal oxides formed as crystalline phases within the catalyst structures. Each metal oxide of a catalyst structure includes nickel and/or aluminum, where one or more metal oxides includes a nickel aluminum oxide, and the one or more nickel aluminum oxides is greater than 50% by weight of the catalyst structure. The catalyst structures further have surface areas of at least 13 m 2 /g. The catalyst structures are resistant to high concentrations of sulfur and are effective in reforming operations for converting methane and other light hydrocarbons to hydrogen and one or more other components. For example, the catalyst structures are effective in coal and biomass gasification systems for the forming and cleanup of synthetic gas.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

PLANT AND PROCESS FOR SEPARATING SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPONENTS FROM LADEN METHANOL

Plant and process for separation of sulfur-containing components, HS, COS and mercaptans from methanol which is used as absorbent within the Rectisol process by hot regeneration of the methanol laden in the absorption and an additional step for separation of the mercaptans from the methanol by stripping. 111-. (canceled)12. A plant for separation of sulfur-containing components from laden methanol that has been used as absorbent for scrubbing of synthesis gas , comprising: a feed for the introduction of a laden methanol stream,', 'an outlet for an unladen methanol stream,', 'an outlet for a top product stream,', 'a feed for the return of the top product stream,', 'internals for mass transfer, and', 'a heat exchanger for the introduction of heat into the laden methanol stream,, 'a distillation column comprising at least one heat exchanger for cooling the top product stream and for condensing out a condensable component stream present therein,', 'a liquid separator for separation of the condensable component stream from the top product,', 'a stripping column for separation of volatile components from the condensable component stream, and', 'a heater arranged upstream of the stripper for heating of the condensable component stream., 'a circuit for the top product stream, comprising13. The plant according to claim 12 , wherein the stripping column contains a random packing claim 12 , a structured packing claim 12 , or is equipped with trays.14. The plant according to claim 12 , wherein the circuit for the top product stream comprises at least one pump for conveying the return of the top product stream.15. The plant according to claim 12 , wherein the circuit for the top product stream further comprises a further cooler and a further liquid separator claim 12 , where the further cooler serves to condense methanol out of the stripped gas claim 12 , and the further liquid separator to separate the condensed methanol from the stripped gas.17. The process according to claim ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF RAW SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for the stepwise separation of accompanying gases from a raw synthesis gas stream by a liquid absorbent countercurrently guided through all process steps and circulated via regeneration plants, wherein either the accompanying gases HS, COS and COare separated in a common absorption step or, in one of the selective absorption steps chiefly HS and COS are separated and in the next step in flow direction of the gas chiefly COis separated, and in the last step a separation of accompanying gas residues (fine wash) is effected, wherein before the separation of HS and COS an absorption step chiefly for the separation of aromatics and subsequently an absorption step chiefly for the separation of methyl mercaptan is carried out. 111- (canceled)12. A process for the stepwise separation of accompanying gases from a raw synthesis gas stream by a liquid absorbent countercurrently guided through all process steps and circulated via regeneration plants , wherein HS , COS and COare separated in an absorption step , and in the next step in flow direction of the gas a separation of accompanying gas residues is effected , wherein before the separation of HS , COS and CO , the process further comprises an absorption step configured for the removal of aromatics followed by an absorption step configured for the separation of methyl mercaptan.13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the contact between the raw synthesis gas and the absorbent is effected via packed beds and/or via structured packings.14. The process according to claim 12 , wherein methanol is used as absorbent.15. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the absorption is carried out at a pressure between 20 and 40 bar.16. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the separation of COin the regeneration plants is effected by lowering the pressure in the absorbent and/or by stripping with nitrogen.17. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the separation of the mercaptans claim 12 , the HS and COS ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials , said system comprising:a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the municipal solid wastes; [{'sub': '2', 'the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H2, HO and CO2;'}, 'selectively receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; and', 'selectively receives recycled CO2; and, 'b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI selectively receivesc) in a power generation process, converting some or all of the high biogenic carbon content material into high biogenic power with reduced lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and higher renewable energy credits.2. A system according to wherein the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon is up to about 80% biogenic carbon in both the ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING ACID GAS FROM A GAS STREAM

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A gas processing system , comprising: the adsorber unit is configured to flow a feed gas into contact with a flowing sorbent stream comprising a solid particulate sorbent to remove one or more sulfur compounds from the feed gas, and output a desulfurized gas and a sulfided sorbent; and', 'the regenerator unit is configured to produce a regenerated sorbent from the sulfided sorbent, and flow the regenerated sorbent into the adsorber unit; and, 'a desulfurization unit comprising an adsorber unit in fluid communication with a regenerator unit, wherein{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a COremoval unit positioned downstream from the desulfurization unit, and configured to remove COfrom the desulfurized gas and output a treated gas comprising reduced fractions of sulfur and CO.'}2. The gas processing system of claim 1 , wherein the desulfurization unit is configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent.3. The gas processing system of claim 2 , wherein the adsorber unit comprises a solids separation zone configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent claim 2 , and the adsorber unit is configured to output the desulfurized gas separately from the sulfide sorbent.4. The gas processing system of claim 2 , comprising a solids separator selected from the group consisting of:a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent;a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent, wherein the solids separator is a cyclone separator;a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent, wherein the ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION

A biomass gasification system. The system includes: a) a gasifier; b) a waste heat exchanger; c) a waste heat boiler; d) a cyclone separator; e) a gas scrubber; f) a shift reactor; g) a desulfurizing tower; h) a first decarburizing tower; i) a synthesizing tower; and j) a second decarburizing tower. In the system, the gasifier, the waste heat exchanger, the cyclone separator, the gas scrubber, the shift reactor, the desulfurizing tower, the first decarburizing tower, the synthesizing tower, and the second decarburizing tower are connected sequentially. In addition, COoutlets of the first decarburizing tower and the second decarburizing tower are both connected to a cold medium inlet of the waste heat exchanger; and a cold medium outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to a gasifying agent entrance of the gasifier. 1. A biomass gasification system , the system comprising:a) a gasifier;b) a waste heat exchanger;c)a waste heat boiler;d) a cyclone separator;e) a gas scrubber;f) a shift reactor;g) a desulfurizing tower;h) a first decarburizing tower;i) a synthesizing tower; andj) a second decarburizing tower; a syngas outlet of the gasifier is connected to a heat medium inlet of the waste heat exchanger; a heat medium outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to a heat source inlet of the waste heat boiler;', 'a heat source outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to a gas inlet of the cyclone separator; a gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to an inlet of the gas scrubber;', 'an outlet of the gas scrubber is connected to a gas inlet of the shift reactor via a compressor; a vapor outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to a vapor inlet of the shift reactor;', 'a vapor outlet of the shift reactor is connected to an inlet of the desulfurizing tower, and an outlet of the desulfurizing tower is connected to an inlet of the first decarburizing tower which is configured for the decarburizing of the syngas;', 'an outlet of the first ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon up to 90% and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon up to 10% along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes.2. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid wastes.4. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , up to about 80% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed ...

PROCESS OF IMPROVED SULFUR CAPTURE FROM A SYNGAS MIXTURE

A process for sweetening a syngas stream, the process comprising the steps of: providing a syngas stream to a nonselective amine absorption unit, the sour syngas stream comprising syngas, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide; separating the syngas stream in the nonselective amine absorption unit to obtain an overhead syngas stream and an acid gas stream; introducing the acid gas stream to a membrane separation unit, the acid gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; separating the acid gas stream in the membrane separation unit to produce a retentate stream and a permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream comprises hydrogen sulfide, wherein the permeate stream comprises carbon dioxide; introducing the retentate stream to a sulfur recovery unit; processing the retentate stream in the sulfur recovery unit to produce a sulfur stream and a tail gas stream, wherein the sulfur stream comprises liquid sulfur. 1. A process for sweetening a syngas stream , the process comprising the steps of:supplying a syngas stream to a nonselective absorption unit, the syngas stream comprising syngas, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide;separating the syngas stream in the nonselective absorption unit to obtain an overhead syngas stream and an acid gas stream;introducing the acid gas stream to a membrane separation unit, the acid gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide;separating the acid gas stream in the membrane separation unit to produce a retentate stream and a permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream comprises hydrogen sulfide, wherein the permeate stream comprises carbon dioxide;introducing the retentate stream to a sulfur recovery unit;2. The process of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the retentate stream is between 50 mol % and 95 mol %.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the retentate stream is greater than 90 mol %.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials , said system comprising:a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the municipal solid wastes;b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI selectively receives:the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H2, H2O and CO2;selectively receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; andselectively receives recycled CO2; andc) in a power generation process, converting some or all of the high biogenic carbon content material into high biogenic power with reduced lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and higher renewable energy credits.2. A system according to wherein the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon is up to about 80% biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the Fischer- ...

Method and apparatus for producing methane from carbonaceous material

A method for producing methane ( 69 ) from a carbonaceous ( 22 ) material includes conveying pulverized carbonaceous material ( 28 ) entrained in an inert carrier fluid, such as carbon dioxide ( 36 ), into a reactor ( 34 ). The reactor ( 34 ) includes a vortex region ( 72 ) for receiving hydrogen gas ( 38 ) and imparting a swirling motion to the hydrogen gas ( 38 ). The pulverized carbonaceous material ( 28 ) is exposed to the swirling stream of hydrogen gas ( 38 ) in a first reaction zone ( 114 ) within the reactor ( 34 ) to form an exit gas ( 40 ) that includes methane ( 69 ). Remaining unreacted carbonaceous material ( 28 ) is further exposed to the hydrogen gas ( 38 ) in a second, low velocity, reaction zone ( 120 ). The methane rich exit gas ( 40 ) is subsequently extracted from the reactor ( 34 ) for further processing.

Catalytic Gasification Process with Recovery of Alkali Metal from Char

Processes for extracting and recycling alkali metal compounds present in the char produced from the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous materials are provided involving at least contacting the char with and alkali metal hydroxide followed by carbon dioxide. Both the alkali metal hydroxide and carbon dioxide treatments serve to convert at least a portion of the insoluble alkali metal compounds in the char into soluble species which can be recovered and recycled.

Steam Generating Slurry Gasifier for the Catalytic Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

Steam generating gasification reactors for providing high-pressure and high-temperature steam for catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock can be based on oxygen blown gasification reactors adapted for processing a slurry feedstock comprising at least 40% water. The exhaust from the slurry gasifier comprises at least steam, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The slurry composition and the oxygen to fuel ratio can be varied to control the ratio of carbonaceous gases in the generator exhaust. By directing substantially all of exhaust gases produced from the slurry gasification reactor through the catalytic gasifier and subsequent gas separation and sequestration processes, a greatly higher energy efficiency and decreased carbon footprint can be realized.

Selective Removal and Recovery of Acid Gases from Gasification Products

Processes and apparatuses are described for the selective removal and recovery of acid gases from a gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. A step-wise approach is illustrated wherein hydrogen sulfide may be selectively removed from a gas source by treatment with methanol under conditions where substantially all the hydrogen sulfide may be removed. The partially purified gas source may then be provided with a second treatment with methanol under conditions which selectively remove carbon dioxide from the gas stream. Such methods are generally applicable to any gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, for example, a gas source produced from the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material, the combustion of a carbonaceous material, or the oxy-blown gasification of a carbonaceous material.

Two-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, two separate gasification reactors to convert a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Three-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, three separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Processes for Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam. The processes comprise using at least one methanation step to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.

Processes for Hydromethanation of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam, syngas, a hydromethanation catalyst and an oxygen-rich gas stream.

Processes For Hydromethanation Of A Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam, syngas and an oxygen-rich gas stream.

Integrated hydromethanation combined cycle process

The present invention relates to an integrated process for preparing combustible gaseous products via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a hydromethanation catalyst and optionally oxygen, and generating electrical power from those combustible gaseous products as well as a hydrogen and/or methane by-product stream.

Integrated hydromethanation combined cycle process

The present invention relates to an integrated process for preparing combustible gaseous products via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a hydromethanation catalyst and optionally oxygen, and generating electrical power from those combustible gaseous products.

Two-mode process for hydrogen production

The present invention relates to a 2-mode processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular a hydrogen product stream, via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a hydromethanation catalyst in a first mode, and a partial oxidation of methane in a second mode.

Integrated Hydromethanation Fuel Cell Power Generation

The present invention relates to processes and apparatuses for generating electrical power from certain non-gaseous carbonaceous feedstocks through the integration of catalytic hydromethanation technology with fuel cell technology.

Solid carbonaceous feed to liquid process

A B S T R A C T SOLID CARBONACEOUS FEED TO LIQUID PROCESS Process to prepare a paraffinic hydrocarbon from a solid carbonaceous feedstock, preferably coal by performing the following steps, (a) feeding an oxygen comprising gas and the carbonaceous feedstock to a burner positioned horizontal and firing into a reactor vessel, (b) performing a partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock in said burner to obtain a stream of hot synthesis gas which flows upwardly relative to the burner and a liquid slag which flows downwardly relative to the burner, (c) cooling the hot synthesis gas by first cooling the gas to a temperature of between 500 and 900 *C by injecting a gaseous or liquid cooling medium into the synthesis gas and subsequently second cooling the gas in to below 500 *C by direct contacting with water, (d) separating solids from the cooled synthesis gas by means of a water scrubbing process step, (e) performing a water shift reaction on at least part of the scrubbed synthesis gas, (f) separating sulphur compounds, carbon dioxide and other possible impurities from the shifted gas to obtain a purified synthesis gas, (g) performing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using the purified synthesis gas of step (f) to obtain a synthesis product comprising paraffinic hydrocarbons. C:)~ U-) to0 1~* 1o cv, CD 0) C~%J U,1 L

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising the steps of (a) partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock with a molecular oxygen comprising gas to obtain a synthesis gas comprising water, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon dioxide besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen, (b) mixing the synthesis gas and methanol and reducing the temperature of said mixture and separating a liquid methanol-water mixture from the cooled gaseous synthesis gas, (c) contacting the cooled synthesis gas obtained in step (b) with methanol to decrease the content of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas, thereby obtaining a rich methanol stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide and a synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide; (d) regenerating the rich methanol stream of step (c) by separating from the rich methanol a carbon dioxide fraction and a hydrogen sulphide fraction such to obtain lean methanol, which lean methanol is used as the methanol in step (b) and (c), and wherein (e) part of the methanol in the methanol-water mixture is isolated and reused in the steps (b) and/or (c) and wherein, (f ) another part of the methanol as present in the methanol-water mixture obtained in step (b) is recycled to step (a) under conditions such that methanol is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen.