СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША И СПОСОБ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОТРАБОТАННЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Способ улучшения синтеза Фишера-Тропша и рециркулирования отработанных газов посредством этого синтеза, способ содержит:1) преобразование сырого газа для синтеза Фишера-Тропша с использованием реакции конверсии водяного газа, транспортировку преобразованного сырого газа на установку синтеза Фишера-Тропша для синтеза Фишера-Тропша в присутствии катализатора на основе Fe или на основе Co, регулирование температуры реакции синтеза Фишера-Тропша на уровне между 150 и 300˚С и давления реакции между 2 и 4 МПа (A), с целью производства жидкого углеводородного продукта и воды, которую отводят с установки синтеза Фишера-Тропша;2) подачу отработанных газов с установки синтеза Фишера-Тропша на первый короткоцикловой адсорбер для извлечения водорода, и регулирование чистоты водорода на уровне 80-99 об.%;3) подачу отработанных газов со стадии 2) на второй короткоцикловой адсорбер для извлечения метана, и регулирование чистоты метана на уровне 80-95 об.%;4) возвращение части водорода, полученного ...

СПОСОБ СЖИГАНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Для достижения обогащения природного газа или других углеводородных газов водородом, поступающих на сжигание в виде питающего потока природный газ или углеводородные газы подвергаются пиролизу, причем это приводит к уменьшению содержания углерода и тем самым достигается уменьшение или устранение выбросов в процессе сжигания диоксида углерода. Газ проходит через реактор, в котором разлагается по крайней мере частично до углеродной составной части и водородной составной части. Углеродная составная часть удаляется до требуемого уровня. Различные оставшиеся составные части вместе с водородной составной частью поступают на процесс сжигания, в то время как углеродная составная часть удаляется из процесса для отдельного использования. Пиролизу может быть подвергнут весь поток или только часть потока.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators zum Ausscheiden von Kohlensaeure aus Industriegasen

Gaseous media superheating apparatus - with concentric ceramic tubes suspended in heating chamber

Haseous media are superheated to temperatures of 1000-1800 deg.C (1100-1700 deg.C), for example prior to admission of coke oven gases to a cracking reactor, by passing them between two concentric tubes. The walls of the tubes are made of ceramic refractory material and the tubes, e.g. are suspended in a heating chamber where heating gases transfer to them heat by radiation and convection. Such apparatus requires little capital investment and has a simple and reliable function.

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Umwandlung von Steinkohlenschwelgas in ein Stadtgas

Verfahren zur Reinigung von Niedrigolefin-Gasen

Verfahren zum Reinigen von Kohlendestillationsgasen von Ammoniak

Process and equipment for the production of town's gas from light petroleum and like hydrocarbons

In a process for producing town's gas from a hydrocarbon such as light petroleum, the hydrocarbon is separated into a lighter and a heavier fraction and at least part of the heavier fraction is reacted with air and steam in the presence of a catalyst, e.g. a nickel base catalyst, to produce a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide which is carburetted by with the lighter fraction. Preferably the gas produced from the heavier fraction is cooled and washed with the hydrocarbon to effect the carburetting and the separation of the hydrocarbon into the two fractions. Only a part of the gas produced from the heavier fraction may be washed with the hydrocarbon, this part then being mixed with the uncarburetted portion of the gas to give a gas of the desired calorific value.

A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A GAS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY

Energy conversion process for sequestration of carbon dioxide

An energy conversion process that also exports by-product CO2 at elevated pressure where a fuel gas feed stream is mixed with a reactant stream and additional CO2 is added to at least part of, the fuel gas feed stream, the reactant stream or both through desorption by contacting with a CO2-rich solvent stream in a first stage contactor to produce a mixed feed gas stream and a CO2-lean solvent stream; passing said mixed feed gas stream to a chemical conversion step, where further CO2 is produced; chilling at least part of the products of said chemical conversion step, at a pressure of at least 10 bar to condense and partially remove CO2 as a liquid and thereby produce a CO2-lean gas stream; and passing at least part of said CO2-lean gas stream said to a second stage contactor where further CO2 is removed, by absorption in a solvent stream lean in CO2 derived from said CO2-lean solvent stream, to produce a product gas stream and a solvent stream rich in CO2 from which said CO2-rich solvent ...

Improved Method of Treating Coal and like Gas for the Removal of Cyanogen therefrom.

... 23,624. Williams, P. E. Oct. 15. Ammonium sulphocyanide is obtained in the removal of cyanogen from coal gas, or from other gas containing also ammonia and sulphuretted hydrogen, by bringing the gas, after the removal of tar, into contact with the water and free sulphur contained in moist spent oxide of iron. The gas preferably passes upwards through the mass, and a solution of the sulphocyanide collects at the bottom of the vessel. Specification 596/09 is referred to.

A process for preventing the formation of sulphuretted hydrogen in combustible gases during the removal of benzol therefrom

The formation of sulphuretted hydrogen during the removal of benzol from combustible gases by means of active carbon, is prevented by mixing the carbon with sulphuretted hydrogen-fixing substances. Oxides of zinc, lead, copper, tin, nickel, and iron are specified and in the proportion of 1 per cent.

A low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

A low-temperature gasification system comprising a horizontally oriented gasifier is provided that optimizes the extraction of gaseous molecules from carbonaceous feedstock while minimizing waste heat. The system comprises a plurality of integrated subsystems that work together to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) into electricity. The subsystems comprised by the low-temperature gasification system are: a Municipal Solid Waste Handling System; a Plastics Handling System; a Horizontally Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer Units System; a Gas Reformulating System using plasma heat; a Heat Recycling System; a Gas Conditioning System; a Residue Conditioning System; a Gas Homogenization System and a Control System.

Improvements in and relating to the method of purifying gas

A method of purifying an industrial gas by wholly or partially removing at least one of the gas constituents, e.g. acetylene or organic sulphuretted compounds, which are capable of being transformed by either oxygen or hydrogen, comprises injecting water in liquid or vapour form into the gas so that the water content thereof is between 20 and 500 grams/cubic metre, passing the gas and water into contact with a hydrogenating catalyst, and, if desired, an oxidizing catalyst while keeping the temperature of the gas below 300 DEG C., and removing the products of the transformed constituent. The amount of water injected is controlled to ensure that the action of the catalysts is restricted to the desired constituent. Two specific examples are given. In the first, coke oven gas, preheated to 100 DEG C., is passed at 10,000 cu. metres/hour over a hydrogenating catalyst and an oxidizing catalyst in series, after water has been injected into it at 500 to 800 Kg./hour. The catalysts are maintained ...

A process for removing methane or oxygen from a gas containing the same

A process for removing methane or oxygen from gases containing the same comprises adding to the gas an amount of oxygen or methane, respectively, which is sufficient to provide, together with any oxygen or methane already present, a stoichiometric excess over the impurity to be removed, and contacting the resulting gas mixture with a catalyst comprising one or more of the metals platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, or silver, to effect combustion and thereby remove the impurity. Quantitative removal of either methane or oxygen from nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, carbon dioxide, and mixtures of any of them, may be effected. The catalytic metal may be in the form of granules, pellets, or powder, may be supported on activated alumina, silica gel, silica, or diatomaceous earth, and may constitute 0,05 to 5% by weight of the total catalyst composition. Natural gas may be used as a source of methane. The reaction pressure may be atmospheric to 500 p.s.i.g., and ignition temperatures ...

Process for the photochemical oxidation of no to no

Nitric oxide is oxidized to nitrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen and one or more diolefines by irradiation of the mixture with ultra-violet light of wavelengths 2000<\>rA and above. Dienes used are 1-3 butadiene, 1-2 butadiene, trans 1-3 pentadiene, cis 1-3 pentadiene and 1-3 cyclopentadiene, and wavelengths of 2050-3500<\>rA, depending on the diene. The invention may be used to determine the amount of NO present in gases or to remove NO from these gases, e.g. coal gas or nitrogen, diolefines being added to the mixture if these are not already present, or present in insufficient amount.ALSO:Nitric oxide present in coal gas or coke oven gas is oxidized in the presence of oxygen and one or more diolefines by irradiation of the gas with ultra-violet light of wavelengths 2000 <\>rA and above. The NO2, or gums formed by reaction with NO2, are removed by oil washing. Diolefines are added to the gas if these are not already present, or present in insufficient amount. Dienes noted are 1- ...

Treatment of reaction product gas & apparatus therefor

The flow of the product gases in output ducting from a primary reactor is modulated secondary treatment fluids are injected to chemically react with the modulated flow gases. To achieve this a modulating device (24) is fitted to the output ducting (4) from the primary reactor. Turbulence caused by the device ensures that the secondary treatment fluids chemically react with the product gases. The product gases may be generated in the thermal treatment of a carbonaceous feedstock. ...

SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

Impregnation of Activated Carbon with Monoethanolamine and Reactivation of Monoethanolamine Impregnated Activated Carbon

... 1,157,377. Monoethanolamine impregnated carbon. PITTSBURGH ACTIVATED CARBON CO. 17 Nov., 1967 [18 Nov., 1966], No. 52338/67. Heading C1A. Activated carbon is impregnated with monoethanolamine (M.E.A.) by passing M.E.A. vapour through the carbon. The impregnated carbon so produced is especially suitable for the removal of acid gases from inert gases as described in Specification 1,157,376, since it has a longer effective life in removing the acid gas than samples produced by impregnation with liquids. The carbon, which may vary in size from 4 to 325 mesh (U.S. Sieve) is impregnated with 1 to 50% of M.E.A. based on the weight of the M.E.A. and carbon. After use the spent carbon may be regenerated by exposure to further M.E.A. vapour, followed by blowing with inert gas to remove excess M.E.A. The apparatus shown has means for exposing- the carbon bed 4 to M.E.A. vapour from a boiler through line 10 or to the gas mixture to be treated through line 6. A condenser 26 and outlet lines 14, 28 for ...

Improvements in or relating to the extraction of ammonia from gases

Ammonia is extracted from gases such as producer gas by passing them over a dry product containing aluminium sulphate obtained by burning shale or other aluminous material such as clay together with sulphur or a material which on burning yields a sulphur oxide; or a sulphur-bearing shale may be burnt alone. The product obtained by the absorption of ammonia is suitable for use as a manure.ALSO:Aluminium sulphate is obtained by burning shale or other aluminous material such as clay together with sulphur or a material which on burning yields a sulphur oxide; or a sulphur-bearing shale may be burnt alone. The product is used for absorbing ammonia from gases.

REMOVAL OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES FROM GAS STREAMS RICH IN CARBON MONOXIDE

... 1307880 Alcohols CHEMISCHE WEBKE HULS AG 14 July 1970 [15 July 1969] 34051/70 Heading C2C [Also in Division C1] Aldehydes or ketones are removed from a gas stream rich in carbon monoxide by selective catalytic hydrogenation to an alcohol using a supported catalyst which contains copper. The catalyst may also contain chromium and/or nickel.

Gasification process

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a useful product (e.g. kerosene, diesel, naphtha) from synthesis gas having a desired hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio comprising: gasifying a first carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to produce a first synthesis gas; optionally partially oxidising the first synthesis gas in a partial oxidation zone to generate oxidised synthesis gas; reforming a second carbonaceous feedstock to produce a second synthesis gas, the second synthesis gas having a different hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio from that of the first raw synthesis gas; combining at least a portion of the first synthesis gas and at least a portion of the second synthesis gas in an amount to achieve the desired hydrogen to carbon molar ratio and to generate a combined synthesis gas and subjecting at least part of the combined synthesis gas to a conversion process effective to produce the useful product. The ...

Process for converting hydrocarbon feedstocks withelectrolytic recovery of halogen

A low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

A gas reformulation system comprising means to optimize the effectiveness of gas conversion

A METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR CLEANING COMBUSTIBLE GASES.

Improvements with the catalytic cushions.

Improvement with the devices of gas cleaning.

A gas reformulation system comprising means to optimize the effectiveness of gas conversion

A gas reformulation system comprising means to optimize the effectiveness of gas conversion

Anlage zum Vergasen von stückigen Brennstoffen

Bei einer Anlage (1) zum Vergasen von stückigen Brennstoffen mit einem Pyrolysereaktor (2) und einem Gasmotor (6), wird vorgeschlagen, dass ein Abgas-Ausgang (65) des Gasmotors (6) mit einem Eingang (71) einer Nachverbrennungsbrennkammer (7) verbunden ist, und dass ein Abgas-Ausgang (75) der Nachverbrennungsbrennkammer (7) mit wenigstens einem Heizgas-Eingang (23) des Pyrolysereaktors (2) verbunden ist.

PLANT FOR COAL GASIFICATION.

FUEL GAS PRODUCTION

TREATING HOT COKE OVEN GAS TO PREVENT CONDENSATION

Process and apparatus for production of hydrogen by gasification of combustible material and method for electric power generation using fuel cell and electric power generation system using fuel cell

Process and apparatus for the treatment of tar in syngas

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus (10) for use in rarefying a syngas so as to improve a calorific value of the syngas through the reduction of a concentration of tar from the syngas. The apparatus (10) comprises a gasification/pyrolysis means (12) such as a kiln (11), for generation of a flow of syngas from a raw material, and a cracking means (14). The cracking means (14) comprising a body (42) having an insulated internal volume (44) adapted to hold a heated bed of char. The flow of syngas from the kiln (11) is directed through the cracking means (14) where it comes into contact with the heated bed of char. Heavy long-chained carbon based molecules within the syngas undergo a cracking reaction and are broken into constituent lighter carbon based molecules. The method and apparatus of the present invention provides a rarefied output flow of syngas having an improved calorific quality and a substantially reduced concentration of tar.

System and method for processing an input fuel gas and steam to produce carbon dioxide and an output fuel gas

A method and system for processing an input fuel gas and steam to produce separate CO and output fuel gas streams. The method comprises the steps of using a decarboniser segment for reacting at least a solid sorbent reacts with the fuel gas and steam to remove carbon from the input fuel gas and to produce the output fuel gas stream in an exhaust gas from the decarboniser; using a calciner segment for reacting the solid sorbent from the decarboniser segment therein to release the CO into the CO gas stream; wherein CO partial pressures and temperatures in the decarboniser and calciner segments respectively are controlled such that the temperature in the decarboniser segment is higher than the temperature in the calciner.

High efficiency processes for olefins, alkynes, and hydrogen co-production from light hydrocarbons such as methane

High efficiency processes for producing olefins, alkynes, and hydrogen co-production from light hydrocarbons are disclosed. In one version, the method includes the steps of combusting hydrogen and oxygen in a combustion zone of a pyrolytic reactor to create a combustion gas stream, transitioning a velocity of the combustion gas stream from subsonic to supersonic in an expansion zone of the pyrolytic reactor, injecting a light hydrocarbon into the supersonic combustion gas stream to create a mixed stream including the light hydrocarbon, transitioning the velocity of the mixed stream from supersonic to subsonic in a reaction zone of the pyrolytic reactor to produce acetylene, and catalytically hydrogenating the acetylene in a hydrogenation zone to produce ethylene. In certain embodiments, the carbon efficiency is improved using methanation techniques.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GAS TREATMENT

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GAS TREATMENT [0033] A system includes an acid gas removal (AGR) system configured to remove an acid gas from an untreated syngas to generate a treated syngas, a hydrogen separation system configured to receive the treated syngas to generate a non-permeate and a permeate, and an expander configured to expand the non-permeate to generate a cooled non-permeate. The AGR system includes a solvent chiller configured to cool a solvent via heat exchange with the cooled non-permeate. [0034] -j of ...

GASIFICATION OF COAL

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHANE FROM CARBONACEOUS FUELS

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STEAM HYDRO-GASIFICATION IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

A method and apparatus for converting carbonaceous material to a stream o f methane and carbon monoxide rich gas by heating the carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed reactor using hydrogen, as fluidizing medium, and using s team, under reducing conditions at a temperature and pressure sufficient to generate a stream of methane and carbon monoxide rich gas but at a temperatu re low enough and/or at a pressure high enough to enable the carbonaceous ma terial to be fluidized by the hydrogen. In particular embodiments, the carbo naceous material is fed as a slurry feed, along with hydrogen, to a kiln typ e reactor before being fed to the fluidized bed reactor. Apparatus is provid ed comprising a kiln type reactor, a slurry pump connected to an input of th e kiln type reactor, means for connecting a source of hydrogen to an input o f the kiln type reactor; a fluidized bed reactor connected to receive output of the kiln type reactor for processing at a fluidizing zone, and a source of steam ...

METHOD FOR STORING EXCESS ENERGY

The invention relates to a method for utilizing gases containing CO and/or CO2, which method comprises the following steps: A) providing a gas flow of the gas containing CO and/or CO2, B) converting at least a portion of the gas flow into electrical energy, C) transforming at least a portion of the gas flow into at least one organic substance using a biotechnological fermentation process, and possibly D) repeating method steps B) and C).

MICROWAVE INDUCED PLASMA CLEANING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCER GAS

A device and method for cleaning producer gas includes a filter bed chamber, a microwave chamber, a first catalytic chamber and a second catalytic chamber. The filter bed chamber comprises an inlet for carbon-based material and a spent carbon outlet. The microwave chamber comprises a permeable top and wave guides around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the device using magnetrons. The first catalytic chamber is connected to the microwave chamber, and the second catalytic chamber is connected to the first catalytic chamber. The method comprises using the device by filling the filter bed chamber with carbon-based material, introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides, dissociating heavy carbons entrained within the gas by passing the gas through carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the first catalytic chamber and the second catalytic chamber.

GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

PARTIAL OXIDATION OF METHANE AND HIGHER HYDROCARBONS IN SYNGAS STREAMS

Oxygen is added to a raw syngas stream that contains hydrogen and CO, one or more light hydrocarbons, and that may also contain tars, produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, while imparting heat at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, to partially oxidize light hydrocarbons and convert tars if present to lower molecular weight products.

PARTIAL OXIDATION OF METHANE AND HIGHER HYDROCARBONS IN SYNGAS STREAMS

Oxygen is added to a raw syngas stream that contains hydrogen and CO, one or more light hydrocarbons, and that may also contain tars, produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, while imparting heat at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, to partially oxidize light hydrocarbons and convert tars if present to lower molecular weight products.

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

A method of producing synthesis gas by introducing a feed material to be gasified into a gasification apparatus comprising at least one fluidized component operable as a fluidized bed, wherein the gasification apparatus is configured to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising synthesis gas; and maintaining fluidization of the at least one fluidized component by introducing a fluidization gas thereto, wherein the fluidization gas comprises at least one component other than steam. A system for producing synthesis gas is also provided.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines ungiftigen Brenngases.

Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung ungiftigen Stadtgases.

Procedimento per l'eliminazione dell'ossido di carbonio di miscele gassose

Verfahren zur Entfernung von Kohlensäure aus Gasen mit Hilfe von Calciumhydroxyd.

Verfahren zur Aufkarburierung von Gasen

Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Stadtgas aus Kohlenwasserstoffen

Verfahren zum Entfernen von Sauerstoff aus einem Gas, das eine geringe Menge Sauerstoff enthält

Verfahren zum Karburieren von Gasen

Verfahren zur Entfernung von Acetylen oder anderen mindestens eine -C=C-Gruppe enthaltenden Verbindungen aus Gasen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von methanreichen Gasmischungen

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines schaumigen oder porigen Süsswarenproduktes

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION A TO ENERGY PRODUCTION OF A SUITABLE GAS.

HIGH EFFECTIVE METHODS OF COMBINED PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS, ALKYNES AND HYDROGEN FROM LIGHT HYDROCARBONS, SUCH AS METHANE

PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATTERS INTO FLUID PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED

A method for extracting from the oxygen of a gas by containing a small quantity

Process for the heating of furnaces to high temperature with gases of hautfourneau or other producer gases containing much carbon dioxide

Process for the increase in the total hydrocarbon yield in c2 and superiors at the time of the solid fuel transformation into hydrocarbons

A method for eliminating nitric oxide from gas mixtures containing of hydrogen and hydrocarbons

A method for removing gas of their impurities

Improvements brought to the processes to purify tarry gases

PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATTERS INTO FLUID PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED

Gasification of hydrocarbons

PROCESS AND DEVICE OF TREATMENT Of a GAS OF SYNTHESIS

elimination of nitric oxide of industrial gases

PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION CATALYTIC OF COAL INTO GAS COMPONENTS AND OF REFORMING OF THE GAS PRODUCTS OBTAINED

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHANE FROM CARBONACEOUS FUELS

Proceeded to eliminate oxide from similar gas or coke-oven gas nitrogen

Device to eliminate from oxides of nitrogen starting from coal gas

System of gasification to oriented gassificatore lowland temperature conun horizontally

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

Systems and methods are provided for producing hydrogen, based on reacting CO with water, and reconverting the resulting carbon dioxide to CO and recycling the same. In one aspect of the invention, the system and method are coupled to a waste processing plant.

PROCESS FOR DRY COOLING OF COKE WITH STEAM WITH SUBSEQUENT USE OF THE SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCED

The invention relates to a process for dry cooling of coke with steam with subsequent use of the synthesis gas produced, in which the coal is cyclically converted to coke and the coke, after the coking oven has been unloaded, is introduced into a cooling apparatus, and steam is introduced into the cooling apparatus for dry cooling, such that a water-gas reaction gives rise to synthesis gas composed of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), and the synthesis gas produced is sent to a further use. The process allows utilization of the heat which arises in the course of coking for production of valuable synthesis gas, which can in turn be reused or used in heating, such that a very balanced energy budget of the overall process can be achieved overall.

CRYOGENIC AND MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

A system and process for the production of synthesis gas with a specific H2CO ratio, for example, 0.7 to 1.2 and a low residual methane content, for example, less than 5 percent (5 %). Excess hydrogen from the syngas feed steam is removed by a membrane (11) as a permeate (23) and the retentate gas (26) cryogenically (13) separated.

Method of separating carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide adsorbent used in this method

In a method of the invention for selectively adsorbing CO in a gas mixture containing at least CO and CO2 with an adsorbent and desorbing the adsorbed CO, the adsorbent carries one metal or a mixture of metals selected from Ni, Mn, Rh, Cu(I) and Ag, and an adsorption temperature is set to be 50° to 250° C. to allow a single-step treatment.

Method and system for producing alternative liquid fuels or chemicals

A method and system for the production of valuable chemicals or alternative liquid fuels via an integrated biomass conversion and upgrading process is disclosed. The process integrates three subcomponent processes, capturing the desirable attributes of each: zoned partial oxidation, alcohol production, and gas-to-liquids reformation. The method and system may include reacting gasification intermediatese.g., syngas from zoned partial oxidation, with bioprocessing intermediatese.g., aqueous ethanol from alcohol production in a reactive separation to produce a product(s) of higher alcohols, liquid hydrocarbons, or a combination of these. The product(s) can be split into two (or more) boiling point fractions by the same reactive separations unit operation. The resulting product(s) are valuable for a variety of applications, including potentially as alternative (non-fossil-based) liquid transportation fuels.

Low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

A low-temperature gasification system comprising a horizontally oriented gasifier is provided that optimizes the extraction of gaseous molecules from carbonaceous feedstock while minimizing waste heat. The system comprises a plurality of integrated subsystems that work together to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) into electricity. The subsystems comprised by the low-temperature gasification system are: a Municipal Solid Waste Handling System; a Plastics Handling System; a Horizontally Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer Units System; a Gas Reformulating System; a Heat Recycling System; a Gas Conditioning System; a Residue Conditioning System; a Gas Homogenization System and a Control System.

Treatment of gas

Method for cleaning producer gas using a microwave induced plasma cleaning device

A device and method for cleaning producer gas includes a filter bed housing and a microwave chamber. The filter bed housing comprises an inlet for carbon-based material and a spent carbon outlet. The microwave chamber comprises a permeable top and wave guides around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the device using magnetrons. The method comprises using the device by filling the filter bed housing with carbon-based material, introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides, passing the gas through carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the gas permeable top and the gas outlet.

USE OF A TRANSITION METAL OXIDE AS A CATALYST FOR THE ELIMINATION OF TAR SUBSTANCES FROM SYNGAS

A low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

Treatment of a feedstock material

The present invention relates to a method for the treatment of a feedstock material, the method comprising: (i) thermally treating a feedstock material to produce a syngas; and (ii) plasma-treating the syngas in a plasma treatment unit in the presence of additional carbon dioxide to produce a refined syngas, wherein the additional carbon dioxide is added to the feedstock material during the thermal treatment and/or to the syngas before plasma treatment and/or introduced in the plasma treatment unit. The feedstock material may be a waste material such as refuse derived fuel.

A method of manufacturing a gas suitable for the production of energy

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a gas suitable for the production of energy, out of coal. The coal is gasified in counterflow with air-blast in a gasifier, and the gas generated is then mixed with a gas containing oxygen, in a ratio such that the quotient CO2/CO in the resultant gas does not exceed 0.1, in order to crack tar substances occurring in the gas. The gas is thereafter introduced into a dolomite or lime shaft for removal of sulphur compounds, any remaining tar substances and to gasify any accompanying coal particles not yet gasified.

A gasification system

Improved process and apparatus for purifying coal gas

In a coal gas purification process hydrogen sulphide is passed to a Claus kiln to which the air supply is automatically controlled in dependence upon the amount of hydrogen sulphide.

Recuperating caloric potential of liquefied gas during regasification

... 1,008,394. Cold separation of gas mixtures. LUMMUS CO. Aug. 6, 1964 [Oct. 14, 1963], No. 32013/64. Heading F4P. The cold requirements of apparatus for separating and purifying ethylene from a gaseous mixture thereof with ethane, propane hydrogen methane and carbon monoxide are met by re-gasifying liquid natural hydrocarbon gas drawn from a vessel 10, Fig. 1, at - 161‹ C. and atmospheric pressure. A first portion of the liquid natural gas having the composition 87% methane, 11% ethane and 2% propane is bled from a line 13 through a reflux condenser 15 of a de-methanizer tower 16, a second portion serves to cool a heat exchanger 23 referred to later and the recombined liquid gas streams serve to cool exchangers 30 . . . 33 and the so warmed wet gas mixture is fed through a line 36 to the de-methanizer column 16 from the head of which substantially pure methane gas is withdrawn through a line 17, the condenser 15, a separator 19, a line 21 and is then heated to ambient temperature in exchangers ...

Improved process and apparatus for the production of water-gas, or gaseous mixtures containing water-gas, poor in carbon monoxide

In the production of water gas rich in hydrogen by the reaction of the gas in the presence of steam and burnt lime, the sensible heat produced during a part of the gas-generating process is stored and utilized for the reaction and also for the regeneration of the lime. The lime k in a vessel c is heated by the blast gases from a generator a secondary air being added if desired at e<3>. The "blow" is followed by an up or down "run," the water gas flowing through a heat storage chamber b before contact with the hot lime in vessel c. The gas poor in monoxide passes to a scrubber d and then to storage. Extra steam may be passed into chambers b, c through valves 7, 8. The reacting mass k is regenerated in the following blast run. In a modification, the chamber b together with a steam boiler is constructed integrally with the generator. In a further modification, the plant is adapted to the continuous production of water gas by using two reaction vessels c, the transformation ...

SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN

Improvements in the separation of tertiary olefines from gas mixtures

Tertiary olefines such as isobutylene, trimethylethylene, asymm.-ethyl-methyl-ethylene and their homologues, are separated from gas mixtures by conversion into the corresponding tertiary alkyl halides by treatment of the gas mixtures in the gaseous phase with gaseous hydrogen halides, preferably in an excess of about 10 per cent over the tertiary olefines, at temperatures of 50--120 DEG C. in the presence of a solid halide of barium or magnesium. Suitable gas mixtures are those obtained by cracking hydrocarbons, or by the interaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, or certain natural gases. The alkyl halides may be recovered by washing with aromatic hydrocarbons of high boiling point, or by condensation and fractionation, and may be converted into tertiary alcohols or into the olefines, e.g. by catalytic removal of the hydrogen halide with water, followed by removal of water from the alcohol by passage over anhydrous oxalic acid. The recovered hydrogen halide is preferably used again for ...

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided. 1. A system for the production of synthesis gas , the system comprising:a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, wherein the gasification apparatus comprises at least one vessel configured for fluidization of the contents thereof via introduction thereto of a fluidization gas comprising at least one non-steam component;at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus and configured to prepare a carbonaceous material for introduction into the gasification apparatus; synthesis gas conditioning apparatus configured to produce a conditioned synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide that is different from the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the gasification product gas, to provide a conditioned synthesis gas having a reduced amount of at least one component relative to the ...

Plasma-assisted method and system for treating raw syngas comprising tars

The invention provides a system and method for conversion of raw syngas and tars into refined syngas, while optionally minimizing the parasitic losses of the process and maximizing the usable energy density of the product syngas. The system includes a reactor including a refining chamber for refining syngas comprising one or more inlets configured to promote at least two flow zones: a central zone where syngas and air/process additives flow in a swirling pattern for mixing and combustion in the high temperature central zone; at least one peripheral zone within the reactor which forms a boundary layer of a buffering flow along the reactor walls, (b) plasma torches that inject plasma into the central zone, and (c) air injection patterns that create a recirculation zone to promotes mixing between the high temperature products at the core reaction zone of the vessel and the buffering layer, wherein in the central zone, syngas and air/process additives mixture are ignited in close proximity to the plasma arc, coming into contact with each other, concurrently, at the entrance to the reaction chamber and method of using the system.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS PRODUCTS AND POWER

A gasification system including a gasifier operable to produce, from a carbonaceous feedstock, a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and a Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the gasification product gas, and power production apparatus configured to generate power from a second portion of the gasification product gas, at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or both. A method for operating the system is also provided. 1. A gasification system comprising:a gasifier operable to produce, from a carbonaceous feedstock, a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and a Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the gasification product gas; andpower production apparatus configured to generate power from a second portion of the gasification product gas, at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or both.2. The system of optionally comprising conditioning apparatus configured to alter the composition of the gasification product gas claim 1 , and further comprising:(a) a fluid connection between the gasifier and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; a fluid connection between the synthesis gas conditioning apparatus and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; or both; and(b) a fluid connection between the gasifier and the power production apparatus; a fluid connection between the synthesis gas conditioning apparatus and the power production apparatus; or both.3. The system of further comprising product upgrading apparatus configured to alter the composition of at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products.4. The system of wherein the product upgrading apparatus is configured to provide at least one product selected from the group consisting of primarily naphtha products and primarily diesel ...

System for generating power from a syngas fermentation process

A system and process is provided for generating power from a syngas fermentation process. The process includes contacting hot syngas having a temperature above about 1400° F. with cooled syngas to produce a pre-cooled syngas having a temperature of 1400° F. or less at an inlet of a waste heat boiler. A waste heat boiler receives the pre-cooled syngas and is effective for producing waste heat boiler high pressure steam and a cooled syngas.

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product by pyrolysis or mild gasification of a solid biomass feed thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed. The solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed. The pyrolysis or mild gasification is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of between 10 and 60 minutes. 116.-. (canceled)17. A process to prepare a char product the method comprising mild gasification of a solid biomass feed ,thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed;wherein the solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed having a content of volatiles of between 50 and 75 wt %; andwherein the mild gasification is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of between 10 and 60 minutes and in the presence of oxygen and steam.18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the mild gasification is performed in an elongated reactor wherein the biomass is continuously transported from a solids inlet at one end of an elongated reactor to a solids outlet at the other end of the elongated reactor.19. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the solid biomass feed is subjected to a mild gasification by contacting the solid biomass feed with an oxygen comprising gas and wherein the amount of oxygen is between 0.1 and 0.3 mass oxygen per mass biomass.20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the oxygen comprising gas is air.21. The ...

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TAR REMOVAL FROM SYNGAS

A process and apparatus are provided for reducing content of tar in a tar containing syngas. The process includes contacting the tar containing syngas with a molecular oxygen containing gas in a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture. The gas mixture is passed through a heat treatment zone maintained at a temperature between about 900° C. to about 2000° C. for a contact time of about 0.5 to about 5 seconds. In this aspect, at least a portion of the tar undergoes at least partial oxidation and/or cracking to produce a hot syngas.

Multi-Stage Circulating Fluidized Bed Syngas Cooling

A method and apparatus for cooling hot gas streams in the temperature range 800° C. to 1600° C. using multi-stage circulating fluid bed (CFB) coolers is disclosed. The invention relates to cooling the hot syngas from coal gasifiers in which the hot syngas entrains substances that foul, erode and corrode heat transfer surfaces upon contact in conventional coolers. The hot syngas is cooled by extracting and indirectly transferring heat to heat transfer surfaces with circulating inert solid particles in CFB syngas coolers. The CFB syngas coolers are staged to facilitate generation of steam at multiple conditions and hot boiler feed water that are necessary for power generation in an IGCC process. The multi-stage syngas cooler can include internally circulating fluid bed coolers, externally circulating fluid bed coolers and hybrid coolers that incorporate features of both internally and externally circulating fluid bed coolers. 1. A multi-stage syngas cooler system for cooling high temperature syngas from a coal gasifier , the system comprising:a dense fluid bed with a cooling system in communication with an inlet syngas stream; andmultiple stages of internally circulating fluidized bed coolers in series.2. The multi-stage syngas cooler system of claim 1 , wherein the syngas is successively cooled in different stages to temperatures appropriate for generating desired steam and boiler feedwater conditions with heat transfer surfaces imbedded in fluidized and internally circulating beds.3. The multi-stage syngas cooler system of further comprising:a riser where the syngas mixes and transfer heat energy to circulating bed of solids;a disengagement section to disengage the syngas from the circulating bed of solids;an annular space for circulating solids to flow down and transfer heat to imbedded heat transfer surfaces;an aeration and seal mechanism to control the flow of circulating solids into the riser section; anda cone section that facilitates internal solids ...

Method for Operating Fuel Gas Manufacturing Device

Provided is a method for operating a fuel gas manufacturing device for stopping the operation in such a manner that the operation can be immediately resumed, while keeping facilities from becoming complex. When stopping the operation while supply of source gas to a desulfurizing unit is stopped, after supply of source gas to the desulfurizing unit and discharge of fuel gas to the outside are stopped, a standby operation process is performed in which fuel gas is circulated by a circulation driving unit in such a manner that the whole amount of fuel gas passed through a moisture removing unit is circulated through a circulation gas path to return to the desulfurizing unit and the circulated fuel gas is heated by a heating unit to a set standby temperature to heat a reforming unit to a temperature that is equivalent to an operation temperature at which reforming is performed, and supply of water vapor is continued in a state where a supply amount of water vapor is at least an amount with which carbon deposition due to thermal decomposition of fuel gas can be prevented and is smaller than an amount that is supplied when reforming is performed.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock. 1. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising:At least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon.3. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock , the high biogenic content fuel comprising:at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.5. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids.6. A high ...

Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS, TAR CRACKERS, AND METHODS FOR GASIFYING HAVING AT LEAST TWO MODES OF OPERATION

Apparatuses, systems, tar crackers, and methods for breaking down vaporized tars in a syngas stream are described. An example system may include a gasifier comprising a combustion chamber configured to, during a startup operation, receive heated air at a first port near a bottom of the combustion chamber and to support combustion of a column of biomass feedstock in an upward direction within the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber may be further configured to receive, during normal operation, air at a second port near a top of the combustion chamber to support gasification of the column of biomass feedstock in a downward direction within the combustion chamber to provide syngas from the first port near the bottom of the combustion chamber. 1. A system comprising:a tar cracker configured to, in a first configuration, receive air at a first port, heat the air, and provide the heated air to a second port, the tar cracker further configured to, in a second configuration, receive syngas at the second port, heat the syngas to breakdown tars entrained in the syngas, and provide the syngas to the first port; anda gasifier configured to, in the first configuration, receive the heated air from the tar cracker at a gasifier port and initiate gasification using the heated air, the gasifier further configured to, in the second configuration, gasify biomass to provide the syngas from the gasifier port.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a burner configured to provide a flame to a third port of the tar cracker claim 1 , wherein the third port is connected to a main chamber of the tar cracker.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the gasifier is further configured to claim 2 , in the first configuration claim 2 , provide exhaust from a second gasifier port to a flame of the burner claim 2 , wherein heat from the flame of the burner is configured to break down material in the exhaust.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a wastewater removal system configured ...

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT AND A SYNGAS MIXTURE

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) performing a continuously operated partial oxidation of the solid biomass feed at a gas temperature of between 700 and 1100° C. and at a solids residence time of less than 5 seconds, (ii) continuously separating the formed char particles as the char product from the formed gaseous fraction and (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation and/or to a steam reforming to obtain the syngas mixture. The solid biomass feed has been obtained by torrefaction of a starting material comprising lignocellulose and is a sieve fraction wherein 99 wt % of the solid biomass particles is smaller than 2 mm. 1. A process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps:(i) performing a continuously operated partial oxidation of the solid biomass feed at a gas temperature of between 700 and 1100° C. and at a solids residence time of less than 5 seconds thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles,(ii) continuously separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction, and(iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation or to a steam reforming, or both, to obtain the syngas mixture, wherein the solid biomass feed has been obtained by torrefaction of a starting material comprising lignocellulose and wherein the solid biomass feed is a sieve fraction wherein 99 wt % of the solid biomass particles is smaller than 2 mm.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gas temperature in step (i) is between 750 and 1000° C.3. The process according to claim 1 ...

TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AN ADVANCED THERMAL TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD

Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material. 1. An advanced thermal treatment (ATT) method comprising:applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first advanced thermal treatment (ATT) process, the first ATT process resulting in a gaseous mixture;applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second ATT process, the second ATT process being applied to the gaseous mixture;wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying heat from the heat source to a third region to cause a third ATT process, the third ATT process being applied to the gaseous mixture;wherein the third region is located closer to the heat source than the first region and the second region is located closer to the heat source than the third region.3. The method of wherein the dwell time in the third region is longer than the dwell time in the first region and longer than the dwell time in the second region.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first region is a rotable rotatable retort and the second region is a gas enclosure claim 1 , wherein the gas enclosure is located proximate the heat source.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a heating system including the heat source and a thermally insulated chamber.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the second region is located within the thermally insulated chamber.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second ATT processes each comprise a pyrolysis process.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

REFORMING METHANE AND HIGHER HYDROCARBONS IN SYNGAS STREAMS

Oxygen is added to a raw syngas stream that contains hydrogen and CO, one or more light hydrocarbons, and that may also contain tars, produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, while imparting heat at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, to partially oxidize light hydrocarbons and convert tars if present to lower molecular weight products. 1. A method of syngas treatment , comprising(A) providing a raw syngas stream obtained by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, wherein the raw syngas stream may optionally contain tars, and comprises hydrogen and CO as well as one or more light hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of methane, hydrocarbons containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; and(B) adding oxygen to the raw syngas stream while imparting heat to the raw syngas stream at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, and partially oxidizing one or more of said light hydrocarbons to increase the amounts of hydrogen and CO in the syngas while converting tars if present to lower molecular weight products including hydrogen and CO.2. A method according to wherein step (B) comprises mixing fuel and oxygen and combusting a portion of the oxygen in the mixture with said fuel to form a hot oxidant stream that has a temperature of at least 2000 F and that contains oxygen and products of said combustion claim 1 , and feeding said hot oxidant stream into said raw syngas stream.3. A method according to wherein said fuel that is mixed with oxygen and combusted to form said hot oxidant stream claim 2 , comprises gaseous byproducts formed in the production of product fuels from syngas formed in step (B).4. A method according to wherein step (B) comprises adding fuel and oxygen to said raw syngas and combusting said added fuel after it is added to said raw syngas stream.5. A method according to wherein said fuel that is added to said raw syngas comprises gaseous byproducts formed in the production of product ...

WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system. 1. A pyrolysis conversion system comprising:a muffle furnace,a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace; a rotating retort drum drive applying rotary drive to at least one of said rotating retort drum sleeves,an in-feed auger within a tube within the inlet sleeve, and an out-feed auger within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system comprising a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system,wherein the cracking tower comprises a mixing chamber linked with, and upstream of, a residence chamber, andwherein the mixing chamber comprises a burner for heat generation and an oxidant port arranged to mix and partially consume a portion of the gas as it passes through the mixing chamber.2. The pyrolysis conversion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixing chamber is linked to the residence chamber by a choke ring having a central ...

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A waste reformation system comprising:a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;a waste reforming conversion system for receiving at least organic waste and for producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is in fluid communication with the waste reforming conversion system such that a first portion of the first stream is mixed with the organic waste prior to the organic waste being received by the waste reforming conversion system; andwherein the waste reforming conversion system is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor such that the second stream is used for producing the first stream.2. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is at least one of a Fischer-Tropsch reactor claim 1 , a methanol synthesis reactor claim 1 , a methanation reactor claim 1 , and a shift converter.3. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a shift converter.4. The waste reformation system of claim 3 , further comprising a pressure shift adsorption (PSA) unit in fluid communication with the shift converter claim 3 , the PSA unit for producing hydrogen fuel.5. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a shift converter.6. The waste ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR AT LEAST PARTIAL GASIFICATION OF SOLID ORGANIC FEED MATERIAL

A process for at least partial gasification of solid organic feed material, in which a tar-containing low-temperature carbonization gas is obtained by low-temperature carbonization from the feed material in a low-temperature gasifier and the low-temperature carbonization gas is then converted to a synthesis gas in a high-temperature gasifier by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction. The low-temperature carbonization gas is admixed with a second gas. A plant equipped for carrying out the process includes a low-temperature gasifier for obtaining the low-temperature carbonization gas from the feed material, a high-temperature gasifier for obtaining synthesis gas from the low-temperature carbonization gas, and means for admixing the low-temperature carbonization gas with the second gas. 1. A process for at least partial gasification of solid organic feed material , in which a tar-containing low-temperature carbonization gas is obtained by low-temperature carbonization from the feed material in a low-temperature gasifier and the low-temperature carbonization gas is then converted to a synthesis gas in a high-temperature gasifier by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction , characterized in that the low-temperature carbonization gas is admixed with a second gas comprising a fraction of the synthesis gas , of a gas mixture derived from the synthesis gas , or a combination thereof.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the low-temperature carbonization gas is admixed with the second gas in the low-temperature gasifier or between the low-temperature gasifier and the high-temperature gasifier.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the second gas is established at least on the basis of a tar content or a temperature difference of the low-temperature carbonization gas.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the low-temperature carbonization gas in the low-temperature gasifier is obtained from the solid organic feed material by ...

Organic Fuel and Waste Reformer

This invention pertains to the non-catalytic oxygenated steam reforming of organic matter to produce a gas mixture rich in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The reforming gas is used for production of methane, methanol, dimethyl ether, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other compounds via downstream processing catalytic gas-phase processes and electrolysis. The reforming gas may also be combusted directly for electricity generation. 1. A process for oxygenated steam reforming of organic matter to a gas product of hydrogen , carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide , and water comprising:a. Injection of oxygen and steam preheated by process waste into a reaction zone along with said organic matter;b. Operating the process at temperatures above 400 C and up to 1,500 C in the reformer section;c. Operating the process at pressures near atmospheric pressure to 200 bar in the absence of a catalyst; and,d. Partially combusting said organic matter with oxygen to generate heat that is used to reform the remainder of the organic matter in the presence of steam to form said product gas.2. The method of in which the organic matter is gas claim 1 , liquid claim 1 , or solid household wastes claim 1 , organic agriculture claim 1 , forestry claim 1 , fishing wastes claim 1 , organic construction wastes claim 1 , organic manufacturing or industrial wastes claim 1 , organic municipal or sanitary wastes claim 1 , organic medical wastes claim 1 , organic chemicals claim 1 , fuels claim 1 , organic matter from chemicals claim 1 , fuels including those derived from petroleum claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , coal claim 1 , shale claim 1 , natural gas claim 1 , or mixed organic wastes including those produced at human space exploration outposts in which the organic matter fed to the reformer consists of as-is material claim 1 , a shredded claim 1 , chopped claim 1 , crushed claim 1 , or ground feed claim 1 , or feed otherwise reduced in size or compacted or pelletized to achieve the particle ...

Waste-to-energy conversion system

A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system.

Biomass gasifier device

A gasification apparatus can produce hydrogen-containing gas from biomass with high thermal efficiency at low costs without severe trouble caused by tar generated by pyrolyzing the biomass, while maximizing the gasification rate of the tar. The gasification apparatus includes a biomass pyrolyzing zone for heating biomass in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a gas reforming zone for heating the resulting pyrolyzed gas in the presence of steam. A plurality of preheated granules and/or lumps is moved from the gas reforming zone to the biomass pyrolyzing zone, the apparatus reforms the gas generated by pyrolyzing the biomass and pyrolyzes the biomass, using the heat of the granules and/or lumps. The biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone is provided in a single vessel, and at least one partitioning plate is provided between the biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone.

METHOD FOR CLEANING PRODUCER GAS USING A MICROWAVE INDUCED PLASMA CLEANING DEVICE

A device and method for cleaning producer gas includes a filter bed housing and a microwave chamber. The filter bed housing comprises an inlet for carbon-based material and a spent carbon outlet. The microwave chamber comprises a permeable top and wave guides around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the device using magnetrons. The method comprises using the device by filling the filter bed housing with carbon-based material, introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides, passing the gas through carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the gas permeable top and the gas outlet. 1. A method of cleaning gas comprising: A filter bed housing open to a microwave chamber, said filter bed housing having an inlet for carbon-based material, a spent carbon outlet and a gas inlet;', a gas permeable top,', 'a perimeter,', 'wave guides located around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the microwave chamber, and', 'a magnetron and an isolator attached to each wave guide; and, 'Said microwave chamber comprising, 'A gas outlet; and, 'Using a gas cleaning device said device comprisingFilling the filter bed housing with carbon-based material;Introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides; andPassing a gas through the gas inlet, the carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the gas permeable top and the gas outlet.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filling the filter bed housing using the feed auger assembly connected to the filter bed housing.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising removing spent carbon using a residue extraction auger assembly attached to the spent carbon outlet.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concentrating a microwave field within the device using microwaves supplied by magnetrons.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising maintaining ...

GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Processes and systems are provided for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a reaction gas and a syngas, involving a step of pyrolysing and methanating the feedstock in a pyrolysis chamber to produce the reaction gas and a step of gasifying unconverted feedstock in the presence of a reactant to produce a syngas. 1. A process for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a reaction gas , comprising the step of:i) pyrolysing and methanating the feedstock to produce a reaction gas in at least one pyrolysis chamber, wherein the at least one pyrolysis chamber operates at a temperature at or above 853° C.2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one pyrolysis chamber operates at a temperature at or above 950° C. claim 1 ,3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock comprises coal claim 1 ,4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction gas comprises methane.5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the steps of claim 1 ,ii) removing the reaction gas from the at least one pyrolysis chamber,iii) gasifying the unconverted feedstock from the at least one pyrolysis chamber to produce a syngas in at least one gasification chamber, wherein the at least one gasification chamber comprises one or more reactant injection ports for injecting reactant to enable gasification and operates at a temperature between 700-1100° C.,iv) removing the syngas from the at least one gasification chamber.6. A process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the syngas comprises at least one of tar claim 5 , hydrogen and carbon monoxide claim 5 ,7. A process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the reactant comprises at least one of steam claim 5 , hydrogen claim 5 , oxygen and air.8. A process as claimed in claim 5 , further comprising a step of separating a hydrocarbon having a carbon number of at least two from the reaction gas and the syngas to form a product gas and a purified syngas respectively.9. A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein ...

Biomass to Transportation Fuels Using a Fischer-Tropsch Process

An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a steam biomass reforming in a multiple stage bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass is discussed. The first stage has a reactor to cause a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, tars, chars, and other components into a raw syngas mixture. A second stage performs further reforming of the raw syngas from the first stage into the chemical grade syngas by further applying heat and pressure to chemically crack at least the tars, reform the CH4, or a combination of both, into their corresponding syngas molecules. The second stage feeds the chemical grade syngas derived from the biomass feedstock to the downstream Fischer-Tropsch train to produce the fuel from the biomass. One or more recycle loops supply tail gas or FT product back into the plant. 1. An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass , comprising:an interconnected set of two or more stages forming the bio reforming reactor, where a first stage structurally includes a circulating fluidized bed reactor that circulates a heat absorbing media, where the first stage structurally also includes one or more steam inputs and one or more biomass feedstock supply lines into the circulating fluidized bed reactor of the first stage, where the first stage is structured and configured so that the circulating fluidized bed reactor causes a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), tars, chars and other components into a raw syngas mixture, where the second stage has ...

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A method of reforming of organic waste material , comprising:producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;providing to a waste reforming conversion system a supply of organic waste;mixing the organic waste with a first portion of the first stream;reforming the mixture of the first stream and the waste with steam and carbon dioxide and producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas and heat; andusing a second portion from the second stream for said producing a first stream.2. The method of wherein said reforming does not include burning the waste or the portion of the first stream.3. The method of wherein said reforming is without the use of a catalyst.4. The method of which further comprises using the heat from said reforming to drive a heat engine and generator to produce electricity.5. The method of wherein said producing a first stream is with a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor.6. The method of wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor further produces a carbon-containing liquid or solid product.7. The method of wherein the carbon-containing liquid or solid product is paraffin.8. The method of wherein the organic waste includes carbon and wherein substantially all of the carbon in the organic waste is sequestered in the carbon-containing liquid or solid product.9. The method of wherein said reforming is at a temperature not greater than one thousand eight hundred degrees F.10. ...

Method for Purifying Synthesis Gases

The method serves for cleaning dust-laden synthesis gases () which are formed in reactors or shaft furnaces () by carbothermal and/or electrothermal processes and which after departing the reactor or the shaft furnace at elevated temperatures are freed from dusty solids () via physical separation techniques () and are cooled by means of a downstream heat exchanger (). In order to achieve a combination of long filter service life with effective synthesis gas cleaning, the proposal is that the dust-laden synthesis gas () after departing the reactor () and before being freed from dusty solids be passed in the presence of steam via a residence section (), with the difference between the final gas temperature (T) of the synthesis gas after it has been freed from the dusty solids and cooled and the maximum gas temperature in the residence section (T) being set to at least 400 K. 11243512632. A method for cleaning dust-laden synthesis gases () which are formed in reactors or shaft furnaces () by carbothermal and/or electrothermal processes and which after departing the reactor or the shaft furnace at elevated temperatures are freed from dusty solids () via physical separation techniques () , and are cooled by means of a downstream heat exchanger () , characterized in that the dust-laden synthesis gas () after departing the reactor () and before being freed from dusty solids is passed in the presence of steam via a residence section () , with the difference between the final gas temperature (T) of the synthesis gas after it has been freed from the dusty solids and cooled and the maximum gas temperature in the residence section (T) being set to at least 400 K.216. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the ratio formed by the amount of synthesis gas () formed per hour claim 1 , in standard cubic meters claim 1 , and the volume of the residence section () claim 1 , in cubic meters claim 1 , is not more than 10000.36. The method as claimed in either of the ...

METHOD AND FACILITY FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM AN SRF LOAD

A method and a facility for producing electricity, wherein the following steps are performed: a) supplying a solid recovered fuel, b) producing a raw synthesis gas from the solid recovered fuel, c) purifying the raw synthesis gas in order to generate a synthesis gas in which the reduced concentration of tars determines a dew point of the tars less than or equal to 20° C., d) cleaning the synthesis gas purified in this way in order to obtain a clean synthetic gas, e) lowering the relative humidity of the clean synthesis gas, and f) injecting at least a portion thereof into a gas engine in order to produce electricity. 1. A process for producing electricity , comprising the following successive steps:a) providing a solid recovered fuel;b) producing a raw synthesis gas from the solid recovered fuel;c) purifying said raw synthesis gas to generate a synthesis gas whose reduced concentration of tars determines a dew point of said tars of less than or equal to 20° C., said purification step comprising the injection of said raw synthesis gas into a mixing zone, in which said raw synthesis gas encounters and is mixed with at least one plasma jet and/or at least one oxidant stream, and initiation of a reaction between said synthesis gas and said at least one plasma jet and/or said at least one oxidant stream in a reaction zone placed downstream of said mixing zone to thermally crack the tars, the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of said reaction zone being greater than or equal to 1100° C.;d) cleaning said synthesis gas thus purified to obtain a clean synthesis gas;e) lowering the relative degree of humidity of the clean synthesis gas;f) injecting at least a portion thereof into at least one gas engine to produce electricity.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein after step c) and before step d) claim 1 , the purified synthesis gas is cooled in a water-fed heat-recovery boiler which performs the heating of said water by recovering the heat from said ...

Plasma-assisted method and system for treating raw syngas comprising tars

This disclosure provides a system and method for conversion of raw syngas and tars into refined syngas, while optionally minimizing the parasitic losses of the process and maximizing the usable energy density of the product syngas. The system includes a reactor including a refining chamber for refining syngas comprising one or more inlets configured to promote at least two flow zones: a central zone where syngas and air/process additives flow in a swirling pattern for mixing and combustion in the high temperature central zone; at least one peripheral zone within the reactor which forms a boundary layer of a buffering flow along the reactor walls, (b) plasma torches that inject plasma into the central zone, and (c) air injection patterns that create a recirculation zone to promotes mixing between the high temperature products at the core reaction zone of the vessel and the buffering layer, wherein in the central zone, syngas and air/process additives mixture are ignited in close proximity to the plasma arc, coming into contact with each other, concurrently, at the entrance to the reaction chamber and method of using the system.

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A waste reformation system comprising:a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;a waste reforming conversion system for receiving organic waste, steam, and carbon dioxide and for producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is in fluid communication with the waste reforming conversion system such that a first portion of the first stream is mixed with the organic waste prior to the organic waste being received by the waste reforming conversion system; andwherein the waste reforming conversion system is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor such that a second portion of the second stream is used for producing the first stream.2. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , further comprising means for cooling the second portion prior to said producing the first stream.3. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the means for cooling is a Brayton cycle turbine.4. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , further comprising means for pressurizing the second portion prior to said producing the first stream.5. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is at least one of a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a shift converter.6. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a ...

BIOMASS GASIFICATION DEVICE

The present invention provides a biomass gasification device that optimizes the pyrolysis temperature of biomass, the reforming temperature of pyrolysis gas, and the atmosphere thereof to generate a reformed gas containing a large amount of valuable gas. The present invention related to a biomass gasification device that is provided with a biomass pyrolyzer, a pyrolysis gas reformer, and a pyrolysis gas introduction pipe, wherein: the biomass pyrolyzer is further provided with a heat carrier inlet and outlet ports, and performs pyrolysis on the biomass by heat of the heat carrier; the pyrolysis gas reformer performs steam-reforming on pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of biomass; the pyrolysis gas reformer is further provided with an air or oxygen blow-in port; and the pyrolysis gas introduction pipe is provided on the biomass pyrolyzer-side surface below the upper surface of the heat carrier layer formed in the biomass pyrolyzer. 1. A biomass gasification device , comprising:a biomass pyrolytic reactor comprising a biomass inlet and a non-oxidizing gas inlet and/or a steam inlet;a pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor comprising a steam inlet and a reformed gas outlet;a pyrolyzed gas introducing pipe for introducing a pyrolyzed gas generated in the biomass pyrolytic reactor into the pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor, the pyrolyzed gas introducing pipe being provided between the biomass pyrolytic reactor and the pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor, wherein:the biomass pyrolytic reactor further comprises an introduction port and a discharge port for a plurality of preheated granules and/or lumps, and performs pyrolysis of biomass by using heat of the plurality of granules and/or lumps; andthe pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor performs steam reforming of the pyrolyzed gas generated by the pyrolysis of the biomass,the biomass gasification device being characterized in that:the pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor further comprises an air or oxygen inlet, and performs the steam ...

Blends of Low Carbon And Conventional Fuels with Improved Performance Characteristics

The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel. 1. A blended fuel comprising:(a) about 5% to about 90%, by volume, of a petroleum fuel; and(b) about 95% to about 10%, by volume, of a low carbon fuel produced from a renewable biomass feedstock, using a thermochemical or biochemical conversion process,wherein the low carbon fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least about 50% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the low carbon fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 30% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel; andwherein the blended fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least 5% lower than the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the blended fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 5% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel.2. Wherein the blended fuel of is produced by a process that involves converting a renewable biomass feedstock into a syngas; and reacting the syngas with a catalyst to produce the low carbon fuel.3. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the performance characteristic values are any two of a cetane number claim 1 , a lubricity value claim 1 , a sulfur content claim 1 , and an oxidative stability value.4. The ...

SEPARATOR SYSTEM AND TAR REFORMER SYSTEM

A separator system for treating a gas from a biomass gasification system, including: first and second cyclones, where the first cyclone includes an inlet for receiving a gas from a biomass gasification unit, the first cyclone being arranged for removing particulate matter from the gas from the biomass gasification unit in order to provide a first cleaner gas, piping arranged to lead the first cleaner gas to the second cyclone, where the second cyclone is arranged to remove particulate matter from the first cleaner gas in order to provide a second cleaner gas, a pipe arranged to lead the second cleaner gas to a special piping element, the latter including a burner, thereby providing a third cleaned gas, and a gas distribution unit arranged to lead the third cleaned gas to one or more tar reformer units. Also, a method of treating a gas from a biomass gasification system. 1. A separator system for treating a gas from a biomass gasification system , said separator system comprisinga first cyclone and a second cyclone, where said first cyclone comprises an inlet for receiving a gas from a biomass gasification unit, said first cyclone being arranged for removing particulate matter from the gas from the biomass gasification unit in order to provide a first cleaner gas,piping arranged to lead said first cleaner gas from said first cyclone to said second cyclone, where said second cyclone is arranged to remove particulate matter from said first cleaner gas in order to provide a second cleaner gas,a pipe arranged to lead said second cleaner gas to a special piping element, said special piping element comprising a burner for heating the second cleaner gas and burning off particulate matter in the second cleaner gas, thereby providing a third cleaned gas, anda gas distribution unit arranged to lead said third cleaned gas to one or more tar reformer units.2. The separator system according to claim 1 , wherein the overall gas flow through the special piping element from an inlet ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

THERMOCHEMICAL REGENERATION WITH SUPERADIABATIC FLAME TEMPERATURE

Operation of a thermochemical regenerator at a controlled ratio of recycled flue gas to reforming fuel provides formation of fuel species that permit a higher flame temperature upon combustion of the resulting combustible mixture. 1. A method of carrying out combustion in a furnace , comprising(A) combusting fuel in a furnace to produce gaseous combustion products, and(B) alternately (1) (i) passing gaseous combustion products from the furnace into and through a cooled first regenerator to heat the first regenerator and cool said gaseous combustion products,(ii) passing at least a portion of said cooled gaseous combustion products from said first regenerator, and hydrocarbon fuel, into a heated second regenerator, at a reforming reaction stoichiometric ratio of said cooled gaseous combustion products to said hydrocarbon fuel of less than 1,(iii) reacting the gaseous combustion products and the fuel in the second regenerator in an endothermic reaction under conditions effective to form syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide and to form C2 species selected from the group consisting of C2H4, C2H2, and mixtures thereof which is combined in the syngas, and thereby cooling the second regenerator; and '(2) (i) passing a portion of the gaseous combustion products from the furnace into and through a cooled second regenerator to heat the second regenerator and cool said portion of the gaseous combustion products,', '(iv) passing said syngas and C2 species from said second regenerator into said furnace and combusting them in the furnace with one or more oxidant streams injected into said furnace; and'}(ii) passing at least a portion of said cooled portion of gaseous combustion products from said second regenerator, and hydrocarbon fuel, into a heated first regenerator, at a reforming reaction stoichiometric ratio of said cooled gaseous combustion products to said hydrocarbon fuel of less than 1,(iii) reacting the gaseous combustion products and the fuel in the first ...

Waste Incinerator

A waste incinerator, in a vertical structure and including from the top down: a drying section, a destructive distillation section, a reduction section, and a combustion section. The combustion section includes: two layers of grate bars, a first combustion layer, a second combustion layer, and a third combustion layer. The heat produced from the combustion in the combustion section is used to heat the carbide in the reduction section. The heated carbide reduces CO 2 produced in the combustion into CO (coal gas). The coal gas ascends to the destructive distillation section through the ambient coal gas chamber to heat and destructively distillate the waste to produce the pyrogenic coal gas and the carbide. The carbide drops to the combustion section for combustion, and the pyrogenic coal gas and the coal gas are collected by the draft fan.

A method and system for carbon capture and recycling

A method for carbon capture and recycling, the method including the steps of: (i) Capturing COfrom at least one COcontaining input; (ii) Producing a COfeed stream from the captured CO; and (iii) Reacting the COfeed stream with a Hfeed stream to produce a methane containing output. 130-. (canceled)31. A method for recycling COfrom COcontaining inputs to produce hydrocarbon products , the method including the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2, 'capturing COfrom at least one COcontaining input;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(ii) producing a COfeed stream from the captured CO;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(iii) reacting the COfeed stream with a Hfeed stream to produce a methane containing output; and'}(iv) separating the methane containing output so as to at least provide methane and a first waste output,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the first waste output is incinerated or gasified to provide one of the at least one COcontaining inputs for step (i).'}32. A method as claimed in claim 31 , wherein one of the at least one COcontaining inputs includes air.33. A method as claimed in claim 31 , wherein one of the at least one COcontaining inputs is derived from incinerator exhaust streams or industrial plumes.34. A method as claimed in claim 31 , wherein the Hfeed stream is provided by a water electrolysis process.35. A method as claim in claim 34 , wherein water produced during step (iii) is provided for the water electrolysis process.36. A method as claimed in wherein claim 31 , in step (i) claim 31 , COis captured using a Calcium Oxide sorbent.37. A method as claimed in claim 31 , further including the step of:(v) processing methane from the methane containing output to produce acetylene containing output.38. A method a claimed in claim 37 , further including the step of (vi) separating the acetylene containing output so as to at least provide acetylene and a second waste output.39. A method as claimed in claim 38 , wherein the second waste output is incinerated or gasified to provide one of the at least one ...

A Non-Equilibrium Plasma-Assisted Method and System for Reformulating and/or Reducing Tar Concentration in Gasification Derived Gas Product

A method and apparatus is described for reformulating raw gas and/or reducing and/or converting the tar in a raw gas from a gasification reaction. More specifically, a gas reformulating system having a gas reformulating chamber, one or more sources of or means for generating non-equilibrium plasma, and optionally one or more oxygen source(s) inputs and control system is provided. Methods of reformulation and/or reducing the tar concentration in a raw gas from a gasification reaction that uses non-equilibrium plasma are also provided. 1. A system for reformulating a raw gas from a gasification reaction comprising:a chamber having an input configured to receive gas from a gasification reaction and a gas output or gas outlet;means for forming an electrical discharge in the gas such that when an electrical discharge is formed non-equilibrium plasma is generated from the gas: andoptionally process additive inputs.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-equilibrium plasma source is selected from the group consisting of dielectric barrier discharge claim 1 , gliding arc claim 1 , direct-current (DC) and pulsed coronas claim 1 , corona discharge claim 1 , microwave plasma claim 1 , electron-beam claim 1 , micro-discharge and RF-driven discharge.3. The system of any one of and claim 1 , wherein the one or more sources of non-equilibrium plasma are one or more plasma torches.4. The system of claim 3 , comprising two or more plasma torches.5. The system of claim 1 , comprising process additive inputs.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the process additive inputs comprises one or more inputs for air claim 5 , O claim 5 , steam claim 5 , water claim 5 , CO claim 5 , CO claim 5 , H claim 5 , or combination thereof.7. The system of any one of and claim 5 , wherein the process additives inputs are located above and below the source of non-equilibrium plasma.8. The system of any one of and claim 5 , wherein the process additives or their combinations are provided directly to the ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CLEANING PRODUCER GAS USING A MICROWAVE INDUCED PLASMA CLEANING DEVICE

A device and method for cleaning producer gas includes a filter bed housing and a microwave chamber. The filter bed housing comprises an inlet for carbon-based material and a spent carbon outlet. The microwave chamber comprises a permeable top and wave guides around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the device using magnetrons. The method comprises using the device by filling the filter bed housing with carbon-based material, introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides, passing the gas through carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the gas permeable top and the gas outlet. 2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conduit is in the shape of a sideways “T′.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conduit is a wave guide.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a wave guide connected to the conduit.5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an unobstructed path for microwaves to enter the microwave chamber from the magnetron claim 1 , wherein the conduit is a sideways T-shaped conduit so that when the device is operated claim 1 , the first catalytic chamber is outside the path of microwaves being directed through the conduit.6. The device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one elbow shaped wave guide attached to the conduit that allows for the magnetron to be positioned horizontally with respect to a vertical orientation of the microwave chamber.7. The device of claim 1 , further comprising multiple wave guides connected to the conduit.8. The catalytic chamber of claim 1 , further comprising microwave absorbing material in the catalytic chamber.9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the microwave absorbing material of the catalytic chamber comprises ceramic tiles impregnated with a material that catalyzes conversion of microwave energy into heat energy.10. The catalytic chamber of claim 1 , further comprising ceramic tiles vertically aligned claim 1 , parallel ...

A METHOD FOR REDUCING THE TAR CONTENT IN PYROLYSIS GAS

Disclosed is a method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor (). The method comprises the steps of: guiding the pyrolysis gas through a filter () to remove at least 90% of all the particles in the pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7 μ and preferably down to 4 μ from the pyrolysis gas, partially oxidizing the pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor () to remove tar from the pyrolysis gas, and guiding the pyrolysis gas through a coke bed () to further remove tar from the pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, a two-stage gasifier () is disclosed. 1. A method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor , said method comprising the steps of:guiding said pyrolysis gas through one or more filters to remove at least 90% of all the particles in said pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7 μ and preferably down to 4 μ from said pyrolysis gas,partially oxidizing said pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor to remove tar from said pyrolysis gas, andguiding said pyrolysis gas through a coke bed to further remove tar from said pyrolysis gas.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said method further comprises the step of guiding said pyrolysis gas through a cyclone to remove particles in said pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 20 μ and preferably down to 12 μ from said pyrolysis gas claim 1 , before said pyrolysis gas is guided through said filter.3. A method according to . wherein said particles that are removed by said cyclone are guided into said coke bed to form part of said coke bed and/or into a gasifier.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said particles that are removed by said one or more filters are guided into said coke bed to form part of said coke bed and/or into a gasifier.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said filter removes at least 90% of all the particles in said pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 2 μ and preferably down to 0.5 μ ...

FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS AND TRANSPORTATION FUELS

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

METHOD FOR GASIFYING CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIAL

A method for gasifying carbon-containing materials in which the material for gasification and oxygen, usually in the form of air, are supplied to a gas generator where the gasification takes place in a fixed bed reactor. The product gas is drawn off via a product gas line and introduced into a hot gas filter. A filter, preferably provided with filter candles, removes solids such as particles not yet gasified, ash and foreign bodies, while clean gas passes through and is taken off via a clean gas line. An outlet is provided in the bottom region of the hot gas filter to remove residual solids. The hot gas filter is supplied through a line with oxygen, preferably in the form of air, in its middle height region, between the filter bottom and the outlet. 1. A method for gasifying a carbon-containing material , comprising:adding a carbon-containing material to a gas generator;adding oxygen to the gas generator;at least partially gasifying the carbon-containing material in the gas generator to yield a product gas stream;supplying the product gas stream to a hot gas filter having a filter assembly; andsupplying oxygen to the hot gas filter prior to the filter assembly so that a further gasification of the product gas stream occurs.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein supplying oxygen to the hot gas filter includes supplying air to the hot gas filter.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein supplying the product gas stream to the hot gas filter includes supplying the product gas line to the hot gas filter with sufficient draft that particles not gasified in the gas generator are transported substantially into the hot gas filter.4. A method for gasifying a carbon-containing material in a gas generator having an upper region claim 1 , a middle region claim 1 , and a lower region claim 1 , comprising:supplying a carbon-containing material to the upper region of the gas generator;supplying oxygen to the middle region of the gas generator;at least partially gasifying the carbon- ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials, the process comprising the steps of: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/921,536 filed Jul. 6, 2020, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,928 filed Jul. 1, 2019, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS now U.S. Pat. No. 10,704,002, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/682,368 filed Aug. 21, 2017, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC ...

TAR REFORMING FURNACE

Syngas is alternatingly introduced by a syngas alternating lead-in system through either of one- and the other-end-side heat storage bodies into flow passages in a primary reforming furnace, and oxidant is alternatingly supplied to the syngas by a primary-oxidant alternating supply system. The syngas derived from the primary reforming furnace by a syngas alternating lead-out system is introduced into a secondary reforming furnace to which connected is a secondary-oxidant supply system for supply of oxidant only at alternation in the syngas alternating lead-in and -out systems. 1. A tar reforming furnace characterized in that it comprisesa primary reforming furnace internally formed with syngas flow passages,a one-end-side heat storage body in a one-end-side lead-in-out port of the primary reforming furnace,the other-end-side heat storage body in the other-end-side lead-in-out port of the primary reforming furnace,a syngas alternating lead-in system for alternatingly introducing the syngas through one of the heat storage bodies into the flow passages in the primary reforming furnace,a primary-oxidant alternating supply system for alternatingly supplying an oxidant to the syngas introduced from the syngas alternating lead-in system through the one of the heat storage bodies into the flow passages in the primary reforming furnace,a syngas alternating lead-out system for alternatingly deriving the reformed syngas supplied with the oxidant by the primary-oxidant alternating supply system through the other of the heat storage bodies,a secondary reforming furnace into which is introduced the syngas from the primary reforming furnace through the syngas alternating lead-out system anda secondary-oxidant supply system for supplying an oxidant to the syngas introduced into the secondary reforming furnace only at alternation in the syngas alternating lead-in and -out systems.2. The tar reforming furnace as claimed in wherein it is configured to introduce the syngas from the ...

CATALYTIC MEMBRANE SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO HYDROGEN

A two-reactor catalytic system including a catalytic membrane gasification reactor and a catalytic membrane water gas shift reactor. The catalytic system, for converting biomass to hydrogen gas, features a novel gasification reactor containing both hollow fiber membranes that selectively allow Oto permeate therethrough and a catalyst that facilitates tar reformation. Also disclosed is a process of converting biomass to H2. The process includes the steps of, among others, introducing air into a hollow fiber membrane; mixing the Opermeating through the hollow fiber membrane and steam to react with biomass to produce syngas and tar; and reforming the tar in the presence of a catalyst to produce more syngas. 1. A catalytic membrane system for converting biomass to H , the system comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a gasification reactor disposed in which are one or more hollow fiber membranes for receiving air, one or more first containers, and a first catalyst confined in the one or more first containers, the one or more hollow fiber membranes selectively allowing O, not N, to permeate therethrough and the first catalyst capable of facilitating a reaction between the tar and steam,'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'whereby, upon introduction of both air, through the one or more hollow fiber membranes, and steam, directly, to the gasification reactor, biomass placed in the gasification reactor reacts with steam and the Opermeating through the one or more hollow fiber membranes to produce tar and a syngas containing Hand CO; and the tar thus produced, in the presence of the first catalyst, reacts with the steam to produce more syngas containing Hand CO.'}2. The catalytic membrane system of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a water gas shift reactor disposed in which are one or more second containers, a second catalyst confined in the one or more second containers, and one or more hollow metal-based membranes, the second catalyst capable of facilitating a reaction between a ...

A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC JET FUEL

There is described a process for producing a semi-synthetic jet fuel, a fully synthetic jet fuel, or a combination of both, by converting feedstock into hydrocarbons. 1. A process for producing synthetic jet fuel , comprisingconverting feedstock to synthesis gas;converting the synthesis gas into a mixture comprising liquid hydrocarbons;refining the mixture comprising liquid hydrocarbons to isolate a kerosene product; andhydrotreating the kerosene product to form synthetic jet fuel.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein converting feedstock to synthesis gas comprises: pyrolyzing the feedstock under aqueous conditions to form a mixture comprising biocrude.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the feedstock comprises biomass claim 2 , organic materials claim 2 , waste streams claim 2 , or a combination thereof with a high water content.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein converting feedstock to synthesis gas comprises: pyrolyzing the feedstock to form a mixture comprising biocrude.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the feedstock comprises biomass claim 4 , organic materials claim 4 , waste streams claim 4 , or a combination thereof with a low water content.6. The process of any one of to claim 4 , wherein converting feedstock to synthesis gas further comprises:gasifying the mixture comprising biocrude to form the synthesis gas.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein gasifying the mixture comprising biocrude comprises:{'sub': 4', '2', '2, 'supercritical water gasification of the mixture comprising biocrude to form a mixture comprising CH, CO, CO, and H; and'}{'sub': 4', '2', '2, 'reforming the mixture comprising CH, CO, CO, and Hto form the synthesis gas.'}8. The process of claim 7 , wherein reforming comprises dry reformation and steam reformation.9. The process of any one of to claim 7 , wherein when converting feedstock to synthesis gas claim 7 , the process further comprises:adding an oil feedstock, a sugar feedstock, and/or an alcohol feedstock to the mixture comprising ...

Temperature profile in an advanced thermal treatment apparatus and method

Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material.

PLASMA ARC CARBONIZER

A system and method for plasma arc anaerobic thermal conversion processing is provided to convert waste into bio-gas; bio-oil; carbonized materials; non-organic ash, and varied further co-products. The system and process supports a variety of processes, including to make, without limitation, carbon, carbon-based inks and dyes, activated carbon, aerogels, bio-coke, and bio-char, as well as generate electricity, produce adjuncts for natural gas, and/or various aromatic oils, phenols, and other liquids, all depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters which can result in the automatic re-configuration of the system to adjust its output co-products to reflect changing market conditions. Plasma arc carbonizer off-gases produced during carbonization are supplied to a controlled heated column for refining and recovery of the carbonizer hot gases into distillates. 1. A system for treating waste , the system comprising:at least one plasma arc unit;a carbonizer heated by said at least one plasma arc units and adapted to convert the waste to a useable product and resultant hot gases; anda thermal oxidizer in gaseous communication with said carbonizer to receive the resultant hot gases.2. The system of wherein the waste includes at least one of municipal solid waste claim 1 , infectious medical waste claim 1 , or bitumen that optionally contains non-reactive inorganics.3. The system of wherein said carbonizer employs anaerobic thermal conversion processing to treat the waste.4. The system of wherein said carbonizer comprises a thermo-chemical reactor that is one of a drag-chain reactor claim 1 , batch reactor claim 1 , continuous-stirred-tank reactor claim 1 , rotating drum claim 1 , thermal oxidizers claim 1 , or plug-in reactor.5. The system of wherein said carbonizer operates under a reduced pressure of a partial or complete vacuum.6. The system of wherein said at least one ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING NOx EMISSIONS FROM GASIFICATION POWER PLANTS

A method is provided for thermally processing waste to produce steam and generate energy while minimizing air pollutants in a staged thermal reactor. The method includes gasifying the waste to convert the waste to a fuel gas and a substantially carbon free, inert, granulated, sintered mineral ash and reforming the fuel gas auto-thermally to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide when the fuel gas is combusted. The method further includes burning the reformed fuel gas to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide in a flame region of a fuel gas burner and recirculating cooled flue gas to control oxygen content and temperature during the reforming operation and the burning operation. In one example, reforming the fuel gas converts non-molecular nitrogen species into molecular nitrogen in an auto-thermal non-catalytic reformer unit by decomposition reactions promoted by a prevailing reducing gas atmosphere.

TWO STAGE GASIFICATION WITH DUAL QUENCH

Improved two-stage entrained-flow gasification systems and processes that reduce the cost and complexity of the design and increase the reliability, while maintaining the efficiency by implementing a first chemical quench followed by a second water quench of the produced syngas. The quenched syngas is maintained above the condensation temperature of at least one condensable component of the syngas, allowing residual particulates to be removed by dry particulate filtration. 1. A two-stage non-catalytic gasification process , comprising:(a) introducing a particulate carbonaceous feedstock into a reactor lower section of a two-stage gasification reactor and partially combusting therein with a gas stream comprising an oxygen supply selected from a group consisting of oxygen-containing gas, steam, and mixtures thereof, thereby evolving heat and forming a first product stream comprising synthesis gas and molten slag;(b) passing the synthesis gas of step (b) into a reactor upper section of the two-stage gasification reactor and contacting therein with a stream comprising a slurry of particulate carbonaceous feedstock in a liquid carrier, thereby forming a second product stream comprising syngas and solids comprising ash and char;(c) passing the second product stream to a reactor that is maintained at a temperature greater than about 1500° F., wherein the syngas resides in the reactor for a time that is sufficient to thermally degrade volatile tars present in the syngas, thereby producing a product comprising a near-zero-tar syngas;(d) introducing a water stream and contacting with the near-zero-tar syngas, thereby producing steam and a cooled moisturized syngas, wherein the temperature of the cooled moisturized syngas remains greater than the condensation point of the steam, but less than about 1200° F.; and(e) removing residual solids, fines and particulates from the cooled moisturized syngas by directing the cooled syngas through a particulate filtering device, thereby ...

Multi-Purpose Application of the Second Stage of a 2-Stage Bio-Reforming Reactor System for Reforming Bio-Syngas, Natural Gas and Process Recycle Streams

Multiple stages of reactors form a bio-reforming reactor that generates chemical grade bio-syngas for any of 1) a methanol synthesis reactor, 2) a Methanol-to-Gasoline reactor train, 3) a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train, and 4) any combination of these three that use the chemical grade bio-syngas derived from biomass fed into the bio-reforming reactor. A tubular chemical reactor of a second stage has inputs configured to receive chemical feedstock from at least two sources, i) the raw syngas from the reactor output of the first stage via a cyclone, and ii) purge gas containing renewable carbon-based gases that are recycled back via a recycle loop as a chemical feedstock from any of 1) the downstream methanol-synthesis-reactor train, 2) the downstream methanol-to-gasoline reactor train, or 3) purge gas from both trains. The plant produces fuel products with solely 100% biogenic carbon content as well as fuel products with 50-100% biogenic carbon content. 1. An integrated plant , comprising:an interconnected set of two or more stages of reactors to form a bio-reforming reactor that generate chemical grade bio-syngas for any of 1) a methanol synthesis reactor, 2) a Methanol-to-Gasoline reactor train, 3) a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train, and 4) any combination of these three, that use the chemical grade bio-syngas derived from biomass fed into the bio-reforming reactor,where a first stage of the bio-reforming reactor includes a first reactor that has one or more stream inputs to feed heat absorbing media, a vessel to circulate the heat absorbing media, one or more supply inputs to feed the biomass including wood chips, and has a sparger to input steam, where the first stage is configured to cause a chemical reaction of the biomass including the wood chips into its reaction products of constituent gases, tars, chars, and other components, which exit as raw syngas through a reactor output from the first stage, anda tubular chemical reactor ...

System and method for processing an input fuel gas and steam to produce carbon dioxide and an output fuel gas

A method and system for processing an input fuel gas and steam to produce separate CO 2 and output fuel gas streams. The method comprises the steps of using a decarboniser segment for reacting at least a solid sorbent reacts with the fuel gas and steam to remove carbon from the input fuel gas and to produce the output fuel gas stream in an exhaust gas from the decarboniser; using a calciner segment for reacting the solid sorbent from the decarboniser segment therein to release the CO 2 into the CO 2 gas stream; wherein CO 2 partial pressures and temperatures in the decarboniser and calciner segments respectively are controlled such that the temperature in the decarboniser segment is higher than the temperature in the calciner.

Butadiene production system and butadiene production method

A butadiene production system and a butadiene production method are provided in which butadiene can be produced with a high yield. The butadiene production system ( 1 ) includes: a gas preparation device ( 10 ) that heats raw materials to prepare a mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide; an ethanol production device ( 12 ) that is provided downstream of the gas preparation device ( 10 ) and brings the mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a first catalyst to obtain ethanol; a butadiene production device ( 16 ) that is provided downstream of the ethanol production device ( 12 ) and brings the ethanol into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene; and return means ( 18 ) for returning hydrogen, which is produced as a by-product in the butadiene production device ( 16 ), to the ethanol production device ( 12 ). In addition, in the butadiene production method, the butadiene production system ( 1 ) is used.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AND PURIFYING A SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for producing and purifying a synthesis gas stream that contains CO- and H-produced from a hydrocarbon-containing feed in a gas production unit, COis separated from the synthesis gas stream and CO is cryogenically separated from the synthesis gas stream. COthat makes up 5% to 30% by volume in the synthesis is reduced to less than 10 ppm by volume by temperature swing adsorption. The temperature swing adsorption takes place upstream of the cryogenic separation of CO. The COis adsorbed using a disordered adsorbent bed wherein the adsorbent is cooled by means of indirect heat transfer from the adsorbent to the heat transfer medium during adsorption and the adsorbent loaded with COis heated by indirect heat transfer from the heat transfer medium to the adsorbent to effect desorption of CO. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the adsorbent is configured as a disordered adsorbent bed.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the COis depleted by means of the temperature swing adsorption to less than 1 ppm by volume.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the adsorbed COis desorbed at a pressure in the range from 5 bar to 90 bar claim 1 , and is recirculated to the gas production unit as starting material for synthesis gas production.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the synthesis gas stream is introduced under a pressure in the range from 10 to 50 bar into the temperature swing adsorption.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that a further temperature swing adsorption is carried out downstream of the temperature swing adsorption in order to separate COstill present in the synthesis gas stream from the synthesis gas stream claim 1 , where COis adsorbed on an adsorbent and the adsorbent loaded with COis treated with a regenerating gas in such a way that heat of the regenerating gas is transferred directly to the absorbent to effect desorption of CO.7. The ...

BUTADIENE PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND BUTADIENE PRODUCTION METHOD

A butadiene production system and a butadiene production method are provided in which the yield is high and environmental load can be reduced. The butadiene production system () includes: a gas preparation device () that heats raw materials to prepare a mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide; an ethanol production device () that is provided downstream of the gas preparation device () and brings the mixed gas into contact with a first catalyst to obtain ethanol; a butadiene production device () that is provided downstream of the ethanol production device () and brings the ethanol into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene; and return means () for returning hydrogen, ethylene, and the like, which are produced as by-products in the butadiene production device (), to the gas preparation device (). In addition, in the butadiene production method, the butadiene production system () is used. 1. A butadiene production system , comprising:a gas preparation device that heats raw materials to prepare a mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide;an ethanol production device that is provided downstream of the gas preparation device and brings the mixed gas into contact with a first catalyst to obtain ethanol;a butadiene production device that is provided downstream of the ethanol production device and brings the ethanol into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene; andreturn means for returning at least a portion of the gas other than butadiene from the butadiene production device to the gas preparation device.2. The butadiene production system according to claim 1 ,wherein the return means includes a pipe through which the butadiene production device and the gas preparation device are connected.3. The butadiene production system according to claim 1 ,wherein the gas preparation device includes a gasification furnace and a reforming furnace,the gasification furnace thermally decomposes solid raw materials to produce the mixed gas including ...

Novel Engine Concepts For Handling Producer Gas From Biomass

Internal combustion engines tolerant to tar-containing producer gas are disclosed. Two concepts are described. The engines are tolerant to producer gas from a biomass gasifier with minimal pretreatment. When biomass is gasified to be burned for power generation or to be used to synthesize chemicals such as biofuels, a large fraction of the installation cost is spent on equipment to clean up the heavy organic components (also referred to as ‘tars’) from the gas stream, hereafter referred to as ‘producer gas’. The invention described herein may be used to enable power generation from gasified biomass with minimal treatment. It may also be used to treat biomass at a very low cost for other uses such as synthesizing chemicals. The producer gas is not necessarily limited to biomass derived. Producer gas derived from coal or other sources has similar issues and the invention described herein would be equally applicable. 1. A system to remove heavy organic components from a producer gas , wherein the producer gas comprises heavy organic components known as tar , comprising:a clean-up engine, comprising one or more cylinders, wherein an input to the cylinders of the clean-up engine comprises a rich mixture of the producer gas and an oxygen-containing gas, wherein the producer gas enters the clean-up engine at a temperature greater than a dew point of the tar, and wherein the clean-up engine exhausts a cleaned producer gas.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the clean-up engine lacks an ignition source and relies on increased pressure of the rich mixture to cause ignition.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rich mixture contains less than 50% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen-containing gas.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas comprises air.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas comprises ozone.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas is pure oxygen.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen- ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH REACTOR

An equilibrium approach reactor with the ability to receive a highly variable gas and normalise it to a useful quality, and further to utilise the energy from the gas itself to robustly elevate the operating temperature, to ensure good mixing and high conversion while having the ability to handle solids in multiple states. 1. An equilibrium approach reactor for processing syngas from the gasification of carbonaceous materials , comprising:a vessel;an inlet operable to allow process material to enter the vessel;an outlet operable to allow processed material to exit the vessel, whereinprocess material is retained within the vessel for a sufficient time to allow the process material to approach equilibrium.2. An equilibrium approach reactor according to claim 1 , configured to operate at above 1100° C.3. An equilibrium approach reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the process material contains ash claim 2 , and the operating temperature is maintained below the fusion temperature of the ash.4. An equilibrium approach reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure in the vessel is kept at higher than atmospheric pressure.5. An equilibrium approach reactor according to claim 4 , wherein the pressure is between 0.5 and 12 bar (g).6. An equilibrium approach reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the process material is retained within the reactor for at least 10 seconds7. An equilibrium approach reactor according to any preceding claim 1 , wherein the inlet comprises a heat exchanger.8. An equilibrium approach reactor according to claim 7 , wherein the heat exchanger is constructed from silicon carbide.9. An equilibrium approach reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising an oxygen injection system operable to inject oxygen into the vessel.10. An equilibrium reactor system claim 1 , comprising:A vessel operable to process syngas;means to introduce pressurised unprocessed syngas into the vessel; andan oxygen injection system operable to inject oxygen into the ...

METHOD FOR CLEANING PRODUCER GAS USING A MICROWAVE INDUCED PLASMA CLEANING DEVICE

A device and method for cleaning producer gas includes a filter bed chamber, a microwave chamber, a first catalytic chamber and a second catalytic chamber. The filter bed chamber comprises an inlet for carbon-based material and a spent carbon outlet. The microwave chamber comprises a permeable top and wave guides around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the device using magnetrons. The first catalytic chamber is connected to the microwave chamber, and the second catalytic chamber is connected to the first catalytic chamber. The method comprises using the device by filling the filter bed chamber with carbon-based material, introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides, dissociating heavy carbons entrained within the gas by passing the gas through carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the first catalytic chamber and the second catalytic chamber. 1. A method of cleaning gas which uses a gas cleaning device , said device comprising:a first vertically positioned tube having a perimeter, an interior wall, an exterior wall, a proximal end and a distal end, comprising:a filter bed chamber located at the proximal end of the first vertically positioned tube, said filter bed chamber having a top and a bottom, said top of the filter bed chamber having an inlet for carbon-based material and said bottom having a spent carbon outlet and a gas inlet; a gas permeable top comprising a microwave absorbing material, wherein the gas permeable top is a first catalytic chamber,', 'a perimeter,', 'a bottom connected to the top of the filter bed chamber,', 'wave guides located around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the microwave chamber, and', 'a magnetron and an isolator attached to each wave guide;, 'a microwave chamber comprisinga gas outlet located at the distal end of the first vertically positioned tube and connected to the first catalytic chamber; anda ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon up to 90% and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon up to 10% along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes.2. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid wastes.4. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , up to about 80% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials , said system comprising:a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the municipal solid wastes;b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI selectively receives:the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H2, H2O and CO2;selectively receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; andselectively receives recycled CO2; andc) in a power generation process, converting some or all of the high biogenic carbon content material into high biogenic power with reduced lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and higher renewable energy credits.2. A system according to wherein the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon is up to about 80% biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the Fischer- ...

Processes for Making Synthesis Gas and Syngas-Derived Products

The present invention provides processes for making synthesis gas and processes for making syngas-derived products. For example, one aspect of the present invention provides a process for making a synthesis gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the process comprising (a) providing a carbonaceous feedstock; (b) reacting the carbonaceous feedstock in a gasification reactor in the presence of steam and a gasification catalyst under suitable temperature and pressure to form a raw product gas stream comprising a plurality of gases comprising methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (c) removing steam from and sweetening the raw product gas stream to form a sweetened gas stream; (d) separating and adding steam to the sweetened gas stream to form a first reformer input gas stream having a first steam/methane ratio; and a second reformer input stream having a second steam/methane ratio, in which the first steam/methane ratio is smaller than the second steam/methane ratio; (e) reforming the second reformer input stream to form a recycle gas stream comprising steam, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (f) introducing the recycle gas stream to the gasification reactor; and (g) reforming the first reformer input stream to form the synthesis gas stream.

Processes for Making Syngas-Derived Products

The present invention provides processes for making syngas-derived products. For example, one aspect of the present invention provides a process for making a syngas-derived product, the process comprising (a) providing a carbonaceous feedstock; (b) converting the carbonaceous feedstock in a syngas formation zone at least in part to a synthesis gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (c) conveying the synthesis gas stream to a syngas reaction zone; (d) reacting the synthesis gas stream in the syngas reaction zone to form the syngas-derived product and heat energy, a combustible tail gas mixture, or both; (e) recovering the syngas-derived product; and (f) recovering the heat energy formed from the reaction of the synthesis gas stream, burning the combustible tail gas mixture to form heat energy, or both.

Process and Apparatus for the Separation of Methane from a Gas Stream

Processes for conversion of a carbonaceous composition into a gas stream comprising methane are provided, where an energy-efficient process and/or apparatus is used to separate methane out of a gas stream comprising methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. Particularly, methane can be separated from hydrogen and carbon monoxide using novel processes and/or apparatuses that generate methane hydrates. Because hydrogen and carbon monoxide do not readily form hydrates, the methane is separated from a gas stream. The methane can be captured as a substantially pure stream of methane gas by dissociating the methane from the hydrate and separating out any residual water vapor.

Processes for hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular a hydrogen product stream and optionally a methane product stream, via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a hydromethanation catalyst.

Processes for hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane and/other value added gases such as hydrogen, via the catalytic hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam and syngas, wherein a hydromethanation reactor is combined with a syngas generator in a particular combination.

System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification

A system, for production of high-quality syngas, comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than CO and H2 from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Gasifier fluidization

A method of producing synthesis gas by introducing a feed material to be gasified into a gasification apparatus comprising at least one fluidized component operable as a fluidized bed, wherein the gasification apparatus is configured to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising synthesis gas; and maintaining fluidization of the at least one fluidized component by introducing a fluidization gas thereto, wherein the fluidization gas comprises at least one component other than steam. A system for producing synthesis gas is also provided.

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

System and method for production of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Process and apparatus for the production of useful products from carbonaceous feedstock

A carbonaceous feedstock to alcohol conversion process in which carbon dioxide is removed from the syngas stream issuing from a feedstock reformer, to yield a carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. This carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream is then passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor ultimately yielding a mixed alcohol product which is preferably largely ethanol. The removed carbon dioxide stream is passed through a methane reformer along with methane, which is produced in or has passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, to yield primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen stream from the methane reformer are passed through the alcohol reactor. Also disclosed are a unique catalyst, a method for controlling the content of the syngas formed in the feedstock reformer, and a feedstock handling system.

Preparation of syngas

The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of syngas from two sources with different hydrogen : carbon ratios, the first source having a low hydrogen : carbon ratio including any one or a combination of coal, brown coal, peat, bitumen and tar sands, and the second source having a high hydrogen: carbon ratio including any one or a combination of natural gas, associated gas and coal bed methane. The sources are converted to syngas and then combined to provide syngas with an optimum hydrogen: carbon monoxide ratio for use in a Fischer-Tropsch process.

一种费托合成及尾气利用的工艺方法

本发明提供一种费托合成及尾气利用的工艺方法，步骤是：1）费托合成原料气经变换净化送入费托合成反应器，费托合成操作条件为温度150-300℃，压力为2-4Mpa(A)，采用铁基或钴基催化剂进行费托合成反应生产出液态烃产品；2）步骤1)产生的费托合成尾气，进入变压吸附分离氢装置，从费托合成尾气中提取氢气，氢气纯度控制在80-99%；3）使用变压吸附装置从步骤2）的尾气中提取甲烷，甲烷纯度控制在80-95%；4）将步骤2)变压吸附提取的氢气的一部分送至与步骤1)的费托合成原料气混合，变换净化后用于调节费托合成原料气的氢碳比；5)将步骤3)所产生的甲烷进入甲烷重整工序进行重整反应，产生高氢碳比合成气，再送至与步骤1)与费托合成原料气混合，用于调节费托合成原料气的氢碳比。

一种由生物质生产的合成气制造液态烃产品的方法

本发明提供一种由生物质生产的合成气制造液态烃产品的方法，具体步骤如下：1）将生物质气化炉反应生产的粗合成气与富氢气体混合，其中富氢气体与粗合成气的体积比为0.7～2.1；2）将步骤1）获得的气体混合送至脱水装置脱除气体中所含的水分与二氧化碳及其他有害杂质，得到符合费托合成反应要求的合成气；3）步骤2）获得的合成气进入费托合成反应器反应，费托合成是在高效费托合成催化剂催化下生产液态烃产品的过程，其温度为150-300℃，压力通常为2-4MPa（A），生产出液态烃产品，并生成水排出装置；进入费托合成反应器费托合成原料气的H 2 /CO体积比为1.8～3.0，有效合成气H 2 +CO占总气体量50%～99%；4）步骤3）产生的排放尾气的70～95。

Apparatus for producing synthesis gas for producing hydrocarbons

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes a main line for feeding hydrocarbon material, a main line for feeding a residual gas from an apparatus for synthesis of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, connected to an adiabatic pre-reforming unit, a pipe for feeding an oxygen-containing gas connected to an autothermal reforming unit, connected to the adiabatic pre-reforming unit, and a pipe for outlet of the obtained vapour-gas mixture, connected to the outlet of the autothermal reforming unit. The apparatus also includes a first loop for stabilising the composition of the hydrocarbon material, connected to the main line for feeding hydrocarbon material and having a container for storing liquid hydrocarbons, and a second loop for stabilising composition of the gas, connected to the adiabatic pre-reforming unit. EFFECT: obtaining synthesis gas with the required stoichiometric ratio from natural gas with an unstable composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons fed to the inlet of the apparatus. 8 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C01B 3/32 C01B 3/34 C01B 3/38 C10J 3/00 B01J 7/00 (13) 2 544 656 C1 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013158472/05, 27.12.2013 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 27.12.2013 (72) Автор(ы): Имшенецкий Владимир Владиславович (RU) (73) Патентообладатель(и): Имшенецкий Владимир Владиславович (RU) R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 27.12.2013 (45) Опубликовано: 20.03.2015 Бюл. № 8 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2345948 C2, 10.02.2009. US 2 5 4 4 6 5 6 R U (54) УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к области газохимии, Установка также включает первый контур а именно к установке для получения синтез-газа стабилизации состава углеводородного сырья, для производства углеводородов. Установка ...

Using fossil fuels to increase biomass-based fuel benefits

In the production of fuel such as ethanol from carbonaceous feed material such as biomass, a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is added to the raw gas stream derived from the feed material, and the resulting combined stream is converted into fuel and a gaseous byproduct such as by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The gaseous byproduct may be utilized in the formation of the aforementioned stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Fremgangsmate for klargjoring og konvertering av syntesegass

En fremgangsmåte (10) for fremstilling og omdanning av syntesegass omfattende reformering av en fødegass (34) omfattende metan i et reformeringstrinn (18) for å produsere syntesegass (46) som omfatter hydrogen og karbonmonooksid. Noe av hydrogenet og karbonmonooksidet blir omdannet til et Fischer-Tropsch-produkt (48) i et Fischer-Tropsch hydrokarbon syntesetrinn (24). En tail-gass (52), inkludert ikke-reagert hydrogen og karbonmonooksid, metan og karbondioksid, blir separert fra Fischer- Tropsch-produktet (48). I et tail-gass behandlingstrinn (28, 30), blir tail-gass (52) behandlet ved reformering av metan i tail-gassen (52) med steam (66) og fjerning av karbondioksid for å produsere en hydrogenrik gass (56). Tail-gass behandlingstrinnet (28, 30) kan være enten en kombinert tail-gass behandlingstrinn (28, 30) eller et kompositt tail-gass behandlingstrinn. Karbondioksidet fra tail-gass behandlingstrinnet (28, 30) blir ført til reformingtrinnet (18).

在合成燃料生产工厂中氢和碳的利用

利用合成气体生产中的氢的方法，通过从一种或多种含碳材料形成合成气体，该合成气体包含氢气和一氧化碳；从合成气体分离富含氢气的产物和贫氢气的产物，以产生调整过的合成气体产物；以及使用至少一部分贫氢气的产物活化碳氢化合物合成催化剂。还提供了用于实施该方法的系统，系统包括至少一个氢气提取单元以及可操作的用于活化碳氢化合物合成催化剂的活化反应器，其中活化反应器包括与至少一个氢气提取单元流体连通的入口，由此可以将至少一部分贫氢气气体料流、至少一部分富含氢气气体料流、或二者的至少一部分导入到活化反应器中。

System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification

A system, for production of high-quality syngas, comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than CO and H 2 from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification

A system for production of high-quality syngas comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification

A system for production of high-quality syngas comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Method for continuous dry reforming

A method for continuous dry reforming, the method comprising: introducing a feed comprising carbon dioxide and at least one selected from methane and propane into a fluid bed conditioner operated at a conditioning temperature, wherein the fluid bed conditioner is one fluid bed of a dual fluidized bed loop and is configured to convert at least a portion of said feed into synthesis gas components; extracting a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature from the fluid bed conditioner and introducing at least a portion of the first catalytic heat transfer stream and a flue gas into a fluid bed combustor, wherein the fluid bed combustor is configured to regenerate the catalyst via combustion; extracting a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature from the fluid bed combustor and introducing at least a portion of the second catalytic heat transfer stream into the fluid bed conditioner; and extracting synthesis gas from the fluid bed conditioner.

System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification

A method of producing a high quality synthesis gas comprising less than a desired percentage of non-synthesis gas components and a desired mole ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide by providing a low quality synthesis gas comprising greater than the desired percentage; introducing the low quality synthesis gas into a conditioner; introducing a flue gas into a combustor; extracting a first catalytic heat transfer stream from the conditioner, and introducing at least a portion of the first catalytic heat transfer stream into the combustor; extracting a second catalytic heat transfer stream from the combustor, and introducing at least a portion of the second catalytic heat transfer stream into the conditioner; extracting a spent flue gas from the combustor; and extracting from the conditioner the high quality synthesis gas comprising the desired percentage and the desired mole ratio.

System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification

A method for deep desulfurization of synthesis gas comprising introducing carbonaceous material and optionally steam into a gasifier comprising a heat transfer media, extracting a first heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media and optionally unconverted carbonaceous material from the gasifier, and introducing at least a portion of the first heat transfer stream into a combustor, introducing oxidant and optionally a fuel into the combustor, extracting a second heat transfer stream comprising heat transfer media from the combustor, and introducing at least a portion of the second heat transfer stream into the gasifier, introducing a compound capable of reacting with sulfur to produce sulfate, sulfide or both, extracting a purge stream comprising ash, sulfate, halide, or a combination thereof from the second heat transfer stream, extracting a flue gas from the combustor, and extracting a gasifier product synthesis gas stream comprising less than 1000 ppm sulfur from the gasifier.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Gasification system and method

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

Gasification system and method

A method including introducing a carbonaceous feedstock and a heated heat transfer material into a gasifier, whereby at least a portion of the carbonaceous material is pyrolyzed; removing a gasification product gas comprising, entrained therein, char, particulate heat transfer material, and optionally unreacted carbonaceous feedstock; separating a solids product comprising char, heat transfer material and optionally unreacted carbonaceous material from the gasification product gas; heating at least a portion of the solids product via a combustor, thus producing a heated portion of the solids product and a combustor flue gas, wherein a portion of the heat for heating is obtained via combustion of the char; separating the heated portion from the flue gas, and introducing the separated heated portion into the gasifier, providing heat for pyrolysis; and utilizing at least a portion of the gasification product gas for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and/or power production.

Gasifier fluidization

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided.

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.