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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 19584. Отображено 100.
05-01-2012 дата публикации

Biofuel containing levoglucosone and its production process from cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of an ionic liquid and an alkyl alcohol

Номер: US20120000116A1
Автор: Pedro Brito Correia
Принадлежит: Individual

The product Biofuel is presented as a motor fuel consisting of levoglucosone pure or mixed with ethanol and or hydrocarbons. Its production process from cellulose or starch uses in the first step, as a solvent and catalyst, a mixture of an alkyl alcohol, the ionic liquid N-alkyl imidazole hydrochloride and a small quantity of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the second step, levoglucosone is extracted with butanol. As butanol also extracts some N-alkyl imidazole, this is washed out by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Levoglucosone was identified by elemental analysis, NMR C13 and H and GC-MS.

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12-01-2012 дата публикации

Methods and Compositions for the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Esters

Номер: US20120009636A1
Принадлежит: Joule Unlimited Technologies Inc

The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into compounds such as esters and fatty acids. In certain embodiments, the compounds produced are secreted into the medium used to culture the organisms.

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12-01-2012 дата публикации

Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants

Номер: US20120010112A1
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

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09-02-2012 дата публикации

Ethanol/fuel blends for use as motor fuels

Номер: US20120030996A1
Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

An ethanol/fuel blend composition. The ethanol/fuel blend composition includes an ethanol composition including at least 92 wt. % ethanol, and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol and a fuel.

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05-04-2012 дата публикации

Method of producing biodiesel from a wet biomass

Номер: US20120079760A1
Принадлежит: University of Michigan

A method of producing a biodiesel from a wet biomass is provided. The method includes providing the wet biomass that includes water and biomass solids. The method also includes heating the wet biomass at a first temperature and a first pressure for a time period ranging from 10 to 480 minutes to form an aqueous solution and a solid agglomerate containing a hydrolyzed lipid component. The method also includes step of transesterifying the hydrolyzed lipid component to form biodiesel.

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03-05-2012 дата публикации

Synergistic Combination of a Hindered Phenol and Nitrogen Containing Detergent for Biodiesel Fuel to Improve Oxidative Stability

Номер: US20120103290A1
Принадлежит: Lubrizol Corp

The present invention provides a fuel composition comprising a C1-4 alkyl fatty acid ester, a nitrogen containing detergent, and a phenolic antioxidant. Additionally, the present invention provides for a method of supplying to an internal combustion engine (i) a C1-4 alkyl fatty acid ester; (ii) a fuel which is a liquid at room temperature other than (i); (iii) a nitrogen containing detergent; (iv) and a phenolic antioxidant.

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31-05-2012 дата публикации

High cetane renewable fuels

Номер: US20120132183A1
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Co

A method for reducing the emissions of a diesel engine using a RHE-diesel fuel.

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28-06-2012 дата публикации

Renewable chemicals and fuels from oleaginous yeast

Номер: US20120164701A1
Принадлежит: Solazyme Inc

The invention provides methods of cultivating oil-bearing microbes using xylose alone or in combination with other depolymerized cellulosic material. Also provided are microorganisms comprising an exogenous gene encoding a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, such as a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a pectinase, or a driselase. Some methods of microbial fermentation are provided that comprise the use of xylose and depolymerized cellulosic materials for the production of oil-bearing microorgansims.

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12-07-2012 дата публикации

Methodology of post-transesterification processing of biodiesel resulting in high purity fame fractions and new fuels

Номер: US20120174473A1
Автор: Duane Johnson
Принадлежит: GREEN FUELS Ltd

A methodology for separation and subsequent handling of FAME fractions of biodiesel, comprising of the steps, providing a biodiesel containing several different FAME fractions mixed together, the biodiesel being at a first temperature wherein at the first temperature none of the FAME fractions of the biodiesel have crystallized; bringing the biodiesel to a first crystallizing temperature, wherein when the biodiesel reaches the first crystallizing temperature, a first FAME fraction remains in a non-crystallized, liquid phase while the remaining FAME fractions crystallize; and separating the liquid first FAME fraction from the remaining crystallized FAME fractions.

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12-07-2012 дата публикации

Composition to improve cold flow properties of fuel oils

Номер: US20120174474A1
Принадлежит: Evonik RohMax Additives GmbH

The present invention describes a composition comprising at least one polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 10000 g/mol and a polydispersity Mw/Mn of from 1 to 8 and at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue. The composition is useful as cold flow improver in fossil fuel oil and or biodiesel fuel oil.

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12-07-2012 дата публикации

Corn stover fuel objects with high heat output and reduced emissions designed for large-scale power generation

Номер: US20120174476A1
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

A Novel fuel object comprised of a proportion of corn stover and a proportion of wood fiber combined with a basically reacting compound. The object comprises fiber of the appropriate size and moisture content combined with an inorganic base. An appropriately sized object is readily manufactured, provides high heat output, is consistent in fuel characteristics, and is sized and configured for use in power generation facilities. Based on fiber selection and processing, the fuel object may be used in a variety of current power generation technologies including stoker, fluidized bed, gasifier, cyclonic, direct-fired, and pulverized coal technologies, and results in significant reduction of air emissions (including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mercury) compared to coal with no loss of boiler or furnace efficiency.

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02-08-2012 дата публикации

Fuel Additives Effectively Improving Fuel Economy

Номер: US20120192484A1
Автор: Yun Deng
Принадлежит: Individual

Enhanced fuel combustion within the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines which results in improved fuel economy is obtained by adding fuel additives to the gasoline or diesel. Consequently, the fuel additives reduce pollution of hydrocarbon in environment. The fuel additives are combination of aliphatic oxygenates, monocyclic aromatic compound, and petroleum ether. The aliphatic oxygenates may be methanol, acetone, or a mixture of methanol and acetone. The monocyclic aromatic compounds may be toluene, xylene, or a mixture of toluene and xylene. This invention further relates to the method that manufactures the fuel additives.

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02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing woody biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable woody biomass particles and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197049A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Wood Phytoleum from woody Pinaceae and Myrtaceae biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition of matter through the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle and a phased multi-wash solvent system of extraction and refinement. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle by shearing and chipping, the application of a phased multi-wash solvent system to the solvent permeable particle utilizing a non-polar solvent together with a bridge solvent soluble in both the non-polar solvent and in water, the application of a final bridge solvent wash to the solvent permeable particle, a mechanism for washing the particles of the woody biomass within the multi-wash solvent system, a mechanism for the collection of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution from the multi-wash solvent system, the extraction of the solvent from the solvent saturated particles of the woody biomass and the discharge for continued use of the woody biomass, and a process and mechanism for the extraction, collection and refinement of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution to discharge the solvents for reuse and to collect the Wood Phytoleum liquid oil including Pinene A and Pinene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting mainly oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable batting mat and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197052A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Phytoleum from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of a batting mat and multi-phase solvent extraction. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of manufacturing a fibrous batting mat from the raw biomass, crushing the biomass, shearing the biomass with a rotating knives blade array, compressing the biomass by passing the biomass through press rollers, amalgonating the biomass into a Batting Mat, subjecting the Batting Mat to a phased multi-wash solvent system, extracting the solvents and oils liquid solution for recovery, subjecting the liquid solution to a centrifugation system to extract the Phytoleum hydrocarbon oil from the other components, and refining the final product to yield Phytoleum which is a composition of matter including Tirucallene A and Tirucallene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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16-08-2012 дата публикации

Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel

Номер: US20120204480A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

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23-08-2012 дата публикации

Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance

Номер: US20120210966A1
Принадлежит: Afton Chemical Corp

A diesel fuel additive package, diesel fuel containing the additive and methods for operating an engine on the diesel fuel and additive. The fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product contains at least one amino triazole group. Component (2) of the additive is a hydrocarbyl succinimide dispersant. The additive also includes (3) a C 2 to C 10 alkyl alcohol; and (4) optionally, a lubricity additive. In the additive, a weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) in the fuel ranges from about 1:3 to about 1:5.

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04-10-2012 дата публикации

Fuels hydrocracking with dewaxing of fuel products

Номер: US20120248008A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

This invention relates to a process involving hydrocracking and dewaxing of a feedstream in which a converted fraction can correspond to a majority of the product from the reaction system, while an unconverted fraction can exhibit improved properties. In this hydrocracking process, it can be advantageous for the yield of unconverted fraction for gasoline fuel application to be controlled to maintain desirable cold flow properties for the unconverted fraction. Catalysts and conditions can be chosen to assist in attaining, or to optimize, desirable product yields and/or properties.

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01-11-2012 дата публикации

Biological Oils and Production and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20120272566A1
Принадлежит: DSM IP ASSETS BV

The present invention provides biological oils and methods and uses thereof. The biological oils are preferably produced by heterotrophic fermentation of one or more microorganisms using cellulose-containing feedstock as a main source of carbon. The present invention also provides methods of producing lipid-based biofuels and food, nutritional, and pharmaceutical products using the biological oils.

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01-11-2012 дата публикации

Process to Recover Alcohol with Reduced Water From Overhead of Acid Column

Номер: US20120277497A1
Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

A process for recovering ethanol obtained from the hydrogenation of acetic acid. The crude ethanol product is separated in a column to produce a distillate stream comprising acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate and a residue stream comprising ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and water. The ethanol product is recovered from the residue stream.

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08-11-2012 дата публикации

Natural antimicrobial compositions

Номер: US20120282207A1
Автор: Patrick Jay Lutz
Принадлежит: Lincoln Manufacturing Inc

The present invention provides novel antimicrobial compositions. In one embodiment, the antimicrobial composition comprises an antimicrobial effective amount of a mixture comprising (a) two or more fatty acids, each of which is natural or naturally derived, and (b) at least one of (i) a natural or naturally derived product, (ii) an alcoholic solvent, or (iii) an organic acid or a salt thereof. The present invention also provides a product comprising a preservative effective amount of the aforementioned mixture.

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22-11-2012 дата публикации

Method

Номер: US20120297507A1
Принадлежит: IMPERIAL INNOVATIONS LTD

A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. A method of producing a polypeptide in plant cells in vitro comprising: providing undifferentiated plant cells containing chloroplasts that carry a transgenic nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide, wherein the plant cells display homoplastomy; and propagating the cells according to the above method to produce leafy biomass containing the polypeptide.

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06-12-2012 дата публикации

Coal processing to upgrade low rank coal having low oil content

Номер: US20120305379A1
Принадлежит: MR&E Ltd

A method of treating untreated low calorific coal containing moisture and organic volatiles includes feeding untreated coal to a dryer, and drying the coal. The dried coal is subjected to a pyrolyzing step where oxygen-deficient gases are brought into contact with the coal, thereby lowering the volatile content of the coal and producing a stream of pyrolysis effluent gases. The pyrolysis effluent gases are subjected to a separation process to separate lean fuel gases from liquids and tars, wherein the separation process removes less than about 20 percent of the pyrolysis effluent gases as the liquids and tars, with the remainder being the lean fuel gases. The lean fuel gases are returned to the dryer combustor, the pyrolyzer combustor, or the pyrolyzer.

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13-12-2012 дата публикации

Method for reducing slag in biomass combustion

Номер: US20120312206A1
Принадлежит: Nalco Co LLC

Biomass is quickly becoming an important feedstock for energy generation in power plants. Due to their composition and nature, certain biomass fuels contribute to slagging, fouling, and corrosion. This invention provides a novel method of reducing or suppressing slag deposition and/or cleaning deposited slag in energy production processes in which potassium-containing solid fuels are combusted. Besides acting as a slag suppressant, further advantages of this invention are that the additive has no detrimental side-effects on capital equipment, increases slag friability, decreases slag fouling rate, reduces heat transfer corrosion as well as increasing the lifetime of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

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10-01-2013 дата публикации

Deoxygenation of fatty acids for preparation of hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130008080A1
Принадлежит: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc

Embodiments of methods for making renewable diesel by deoxygenating (decarboxylating/decarbonylating/dehydrating) fatty acids to produce hydrocarbons are disclosed. Fatty acids are exposed to a catalyst selected from a) Pt and MO 3 on ZrO 2 (M is W, Mo, or a combination thereof), or b) Pt/Ge or Pt/Sn on carbon, and the catalyst decarboxylates at least 10% of the fatty acids. In particular embodiments, the catalyst consists essentially of 0.7 wt % Pt and 12 wt % WO 3 , relative to a mass of catalyst, or the catalyst consists essentially of a) 5 wt % Pt and b) 0.5 wt % Ge or 0.5 wt % Sn, relative to a mass of catalyst. Deoxygenation is performed without added hydrogen and at less than 100 psi. Disclosed embodiments of the catalysts deoxygenate at least 10% of fatty acids in a fatty acid feed, and remain capable of deoxygenating fatty acids for at least 200 minutes to more than 350 hours.

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24-01-2013 дата публикации

Mixed alcohol fuels for internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, kilns and gasifiers and slurry transportation

Номер: US20130019519A1
Принадлежит: Standard Alcohol Co of America Inc

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in petroleum-based hydrocarbon liquid fuels, synthetic or bio-derived gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke, heavy crude oil, bitumen, or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohol formulations can be blended with ground petroleum coke, coal, heavy crude oil, or bitumen to form a thixotropic slurry for ease of transportation. The mixed alcohol formulations can also be used to shurry transport ground biomass. The mixed alcohol formulations can contain a blend of C 1 -C 5 alcohols, or C 1 -C 8 alcohols or higher C 1 -C 10 alcohols in order to further boost energy content.

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31-01-2013 дата публикации

Fuel composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound

Номер: US20130025513A1
Принадлежит: Afton Chemical Corp

A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

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07-02-2013 дата публикации

Diesel fuel compositions for high pressure fuel systems

Номер: US20130031827A1
Принадлежит: Innospec Ltd

A diesel fuel composition comprising, as an additive, a quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 1 is a C 1 to C 22 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 2 and R 3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R 4 is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 22 alkyl group.

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14-02-2013 дата публикации

Fuel compositions and fuel thickeners, including monoglycerides

Номер: US20130040249A1
Автор: Daniel Perlman
Принадлежит: Perlman Consulting LLC

Various aspects of the present invention generally relate to the field of rheologically modified fuels, including hydrocarbon, hydrophobic, and/or liquid fuels such as alkane-based odorless mineral spirits, paraffin oil and biofuels such as mono-alkyl esters of medium to long chain (C 8 -C 18 ) fatty acids, that have been thickened or gelled, e.g., by precipitation of fatty acid monoglycerides such as glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate. A thickened fire lighting fuel composition is described in some embodiments which includes a hydrocarbon- or alkyl ester-based hydrophobic liquid fuel, and an effective amount of at least one saturated fatty acid monoglyceride. The monoglyceride may be thermo-precipitated in certain instances in the fuel composition causing a substantial increase in the viscosity of the fuel composition.

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14-02-2013 дата публикации

Process for operating a utility boiler and methods therefor

Номер: US20130040250A1
Автор: Thomas J. Wolferseder
Принадлежит: Environmental Energy Services Inc

A process for operating a utility boiler. The process has the following steps: (a) providing fuel to the boiler; (b) providing one or more additives selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more slag control agents, (ii) one or more oxygen-generating agents, (iii) one or more acid mitigation agents, (iv) one or more fouling prevention agents, (v) one or more oxidizer agents, (vi) one or more heavy metal capturing agents, and (vii) any combination of the foregoing to the boiler or an auxiliary device thereof; (c) providing air to the boiler; (d) burning the fuel in the boiler to generate heat and an exhaust gas; (e) intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more physical and/or chemical parameters of the fuel and/or intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more emissions variables of the exhaust gas to obtain one or more values therefor; and (f) varying or maintaining the rate at which either or both of the fuel and the one or more additives are provided to the boiler based on the one or more values obtained.

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07-03-2013 дата публикации

Spent grain fuel product and process

Номер: US20130055622A1
Принадлежит: AKBEV LLC

A process of making a fuel product from spent grain from a beer brewing process. In the brewing process, the grain is pulverized to a particle size whose mean particle size is generally in the range of 0.25 mm to 0.6 mm with less than 1% greater than 2 mm. After the brewing sugars are extracted from the grain, the spent grain is pressed against a filter to reduce moisture below sixty-five percent (65%), and then the grain is dried to further reduce its moisture to less than ten percent (10%). The dried spent grain, after the aforementioned processing, is fed into a combustion chamber for a steam boiler that is used for beer brewing, and the spent grain is advanced downward through the combustion chamber with agitation to aid combustion.

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28-03-2013 дата публикации

Fuel additive for improved performance of low sulfur diesel fuels

Номер: US20130074874A1
Принадлежит: Afton Chemical Corp

A diesel fuel, diesel fuel additive concentrate and method for improving the performance of fuel injectors for a diesel engine are provided. The diesel fuel includes a major amount of middle distillate fuel having a sulfur content of 15 ppm by weight or less; and a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein the reaction product contains less than one equivalent of an amino triazole group per molecule of reaction product, and wherein the reaction product is present in an amount sufficient to improve the performance of diesel direct and/or indirect fuel injectors.

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

Engineered fuel feed stock useful for displacement of coal in coal firing plants

Номер: US20130097921A1
Принадлежит: Re Community Energy LLC

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including co-firing with coal and as substitutes for coal.

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02-05-2013 дата публикации

Dye-stable biofuel blend compositions

Номер: US20130104447A1
Автор: Marc-Andre Poirier
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

The disclosure relates to a dye-stable furnace fuel composition comprising: about 10 to 99 parts by volume of a mineral oil component having an effective boiling range from about 160° C. to about 380° C.; about 1 to 90 parts by volume of a biocomponent fuel component comprising C 1 -C 5 alkyl esterified fatty acids from renewable sources; one or more azo dye components present in an amount from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg, relative to the total fuel composition; and a tert-butyl-functionalized hydroquinone antioxidant component present in an amount of at least about 50 vppm, relative to the fuel composition, wherein the fuel composition exhibits an increased dye stability, relative to a fuel composition having similar mineral oil and biocomponent fuel components and identical azo dye component(s), but having a different or no antioxidant component.

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

Diesel microemulsion biofuels

Номер: US20130118058A1

A biofuel can include a diesel fuel, a plant oil, an alcohol viscosity reducer that is either a mixture of a butanol and a C 1 -C 3 alcohol or solely butanol, and a surfactant present at no more than about 1.0% v/v. The biofuel exists as a clear, stable microemulsion at from about −10° C. to about 70° C. with the cloud point and pour point lower than −10° C.

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

Synthesis of High Caloric Fuels and Chemicals

Номер: US20130118063A1
Принадлежит: PIONEER ENERGY INC

In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

Synergistic mixture

Номер: US20130130956A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

Methods and compounds for improving sulfide scavenging activity

Номер: US20130131387A1
Автор: Gregory Kaplan, Ping Lue
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

Methods for reducing sulfides from fluid streams are provided. The methods comprise adding secondary amine-formaldehyde adduct (SAFA) scavengers to fluid streams. The SAFA scavengers added comprise less than about 40 wt % N-methyl secondary amines of the total weight of SAFA scavengers. Methods for distilling N-methyl secondary amines from secondary amine-formaldehyde adduct (SAFA) scavengers are also provided. Purified SAFA scavengers are also disclosed.

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06-06-2013 дата публикации

Liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression

Номер: US20130139430A1
Автор: Jose Antonio Fabre
Принадлежит: Individual

A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. Various examples pertain to a liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression to a diesel cycle fuel engine where the fuel can be able to be produced by means of biotechnology from renewable biologic source, including processes of fermentation of sugars or materials available on sugar and ethanol plants. As an example, a produced fuel can be used conventionally as replacement of diesel in urban transportation vehicles or roads and can be an alternative to diesel fuel. The composition can be employed alone or mixed to fossil diesel oil (e.g., in the engine, etc.).

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27-06-2013 дата публикации

Processing of Dielectric Fluids with Mobile Charge Carriers

Номер: US20130161232A1
Принадлежит: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

Provided herewith is a novel method of controllably processing a dielectric fluid by creating discharges within the dielectric fluid from mobile charge carriers contained within the dielectric fluid. Generally, the dielectric fluid and the mobile charge carriers are between two electrodes which apply a voltage to the charge carriers. In one embodiment, the dielectric fluid is a hydrocarbon fluid such as a heavy crude oil or a fuel. In one embodiment the charge carrier comprises water droplets. In another embodiment, the mobile charge carriers are metallic balls. In both instances the discharges initiate from the mobile charge carriers.

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04-07-2013 дата публикации

Hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

Номер: US20130172640A1
Принадлежит: Greatpoint Energy Inc

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane product stream and a char by-product, and more specifically to removal of the char by-product from the hydromethanation reactor.

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11-07-2013 дата публикации

Nanoparticle Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors

Номер: US20130175046A1
Принадлежит: Halliburton Energy Services Inc

Inhibiting gas hydrate formation while transporting hydrocarbon fluids may include providing a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor, adding the kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor to a fluid capable of producing gas hydrates, and transporting the fluid that comprises the kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor. Generally a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor may include a heterocyclic compound comprising nitrogen, e.g., poly(vinyl pyrrolidone).

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01-08-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: US20130196386A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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22-08-2013 дата публикации

Composite carbonaceous fuel compact

Номер: US20130212935A1
Автор: Robert L. Heimann
Принадлежит: Enginuity Worldwide LLC

A carbonaceous compact is provided by the present disclosure that includes a body having a partially or fully carbonaceous biomass composition and an adhesive additive. The adhesive additive includes a starch and a hydroxide. The porous nature of the carbonaceous material provides means for nutrient retention or filtering means. Carbon is activated through chemical or thermal reaction from pyrolyized wood/nut.

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Process for the manufacture of butanol or acetone

Номер: US20130219776A1
Принадлежит: CELTIC RENEWABLES Ltd

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods for making and distributing batches of butane-enriched gasoline

Номер: US20130225883A1
Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Disclosed are automated methods and systems for certifying the volatility of butane-enriched gasoline downstream of a butane blending operation. Such automated methods and systems provide significant advantages to comply with volatility requirements imposed by EPA or state regulations.

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19-09-2013 дата публикации

Processes and apparatus for producing fermentable sugars and low-ash biomass for combustion at reduced emissions

Номер: US20130244290A1
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing hemicellulosic sugars and low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution; and recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products include fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin.

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26-09-2013 дата публикации

Fire starter

Номер: US20130247455A1
Принадлежит: Apptec Inc

The Present Invention is a fire starting device for use as kindling manufactured from pine straw, as the primary component, a vegetable oil, natural resins, and an herbal component. The composition of the device differs from prior art devices that burn petroleum hydrocarbons. The device is hollow, having at least one vertical channel and at least one horizontal channel drilled from the outer wall of the device to the inner vertical channel. The fire starter device is ignited from the top, and it burns to produce a high, intense flame that ignites other flammable materials having a much greater kindling temperature. The height of the flame and the burn duration are controlled by the overall size of the device and the sizes of the channels. The device burns clean with a minimum of smoke and harmful or noxious fumes. Burning the device minimally creates air pollution. It burns completely with a minimum of ash residue.

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03-10-2013 дата публикации

Process for preparing biodiesel from renewable grease with lipase as catalyst and online dehydration

Номер: US20130260428A1
Принадлежит: TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY

Disclosed is a process for preparing biodiesel from renewable oil and fat catalyzed by lipase with online dehydration. The method uses a short chain alcohol ROH as an acyl-acceptor, and utilizes a lipase as the catalyst to catalyze transesterification reaction of oil and fat feedstock with said short chain alcohol, so as to synthesize biodiesel; and online dehydration with a membrane or a molecular sieve is carried out during the whole process or part of the reaction process. Such online dehydration process greatly simplifies the operation procedure, and provides good economic and environmental benefits.

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17-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass and petroleum containing materials

Номер: US20130273612A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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24-10-2013 дата публикации

Methods for converting petroleum based oil into fuel

Номер: US20130281746A1
Автор: Philip Allen Boe
Принадлежит: OTG Research LLC

Methods for converting petroleum based oil into fuel generally include forming a conversion mixture of an alcohol and a base, and adding the conversion mixture to petroleum based oil, such as used motor oil, to form a reaction mixture. The methods can also include adding a high nitrate compound and an amino acid to the reaction mixture and ozonizing the reaction mixture. The result of the methods can include a three phase system in which the bottom phase is asphalt oil, the middle phase is diesel fuel or jet fuel, and the top phase is sulfuric acid. The three phases can be separated to obtain the final diesel fuel or jet fuel product.

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31-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing Biomass Containing Materials

Номер: US20130288307A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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14-11-2013 дата публикации

Process for the manufacture of butanol or acetone

Номер: US20130298453A1
Принадлежит: CELTIC RENEWABLES Ltd

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

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28-11-2013 дата публикации

Process for generating a synthetic natural gas

Номер: US20130317126A1
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A process is described for reducing the thiophene content in a synthesis gas mixture, comprising comprises the steps of (i) passing a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and containing thiophene over a copper-containing sorbent disposed in a sorbent vessel at an inlet temperature in the range 200-280 oC, (ii) withdrawing a thiophene depleted synthesis gas containing methanol from the sorbent vessel, and (iii) adjusting the temperature of the methanol-containing thiophene-depleted synthesis gas mixture. The resulting gas mixture may be used for production of chemicals, e.g. methanol production or for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons, for hydrogen production by using water gas shift, or for the production of synthetic natural gas.

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05-12-2013 дата публикации

Desulfurization system, hydrogen-manufacturing system, fuel-cell system, fuel-desulfurization method, and method for manufacturing hydrogen

Номер: US20130323612A1
Принадлежит: JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp

A desulfurization system includes: a fuel supply part for supplying a hydrocarbon-based fuel containing water and a sulfur compound to a subsequent stage; and a desulfurization part for desulfurizing the above hydrocarbon-based fuel supplied from the above fuel supply part, wherein, in the above desulfurization part, the above hydrocarbon-based fuel is brought into contact at a temperature of 65 to 105° C. with a catalyst prepared by loading silver on an X-type zeolite.

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26-12-2013 дата публикации

Method for evaporating and dehydrating solid material

Номер: US20130340274A1
Автор: Bin Xu, Hongsong Ma, Lalin Chu
Принадлежит: Individual

Disclosed is a method for evaporating and dehydrating a solid material; the method comprises: providing a plurality of digesters, with the digesters being in a parallel connection with respect to the flow direction of the solid material, wherein each digester repeatedly performs the arranged steps of step-by-step heating and evaporating and dehydrating the solid material from low temperatures to high temperatures in a time sequence. The solid material is brown coal. The quality of the brown coal is improved by the method.

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02-01-2014 дата публикации

Fuel additive for heavy oil, and fuel oil comprising same

Номер: US20140000156A1
Автор: Young Seo Lee
Принадлежит: Individual

Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.

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02-01-2014 дата публикации

Fuel and engine oil composition and its use

Номер: US20140000540A1
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A composition is provided that contains a major amount of a hydrocarbon base fluid having a viscosity of up to 600 cST at 40 ° C. and (b) a minor amount of a micronized cellulose acetate butyrate having a particle size distribution on average of less than 30 microns. The compositions reduce and control the friction coefficient and anti-wear film of hydrocarbon base fluids.

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02-01-2014 дата публикации

Process for making isooctenes from aqueous isobutanol

Номер: US20140005443A1
Принадлежит: EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co

The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making isooctenes using a reactant comprising isobutanol and water. The isooctenes so produced are useful for the production of fuel additives.

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02-01-2014 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for sweetening and/or dehydrating a hydrocarbon gas, in particular a natural gas

Номер: US20140005458A1
Принадлежит: SIME SRL

A method for removing acidity and/or moisture from a hydrocarbon gas, in particular from a natural gas or a refinery gas fraction or a syngas, by absorption into a sweetening liquid and into a dehydration liquid, that are adapted to extract acid compounds or water from the gas, respectively. The method provides a step of prearranging a vertical elongated container ( 150 ) comprising at least one inner partition wall ( 168 ) that defines at least two treatment chambers within said container ( 151,152 ), a step of feeding a treatment liquid from the above into at least one of the two chambers ( 251,252 ) and feeding the gas to be treated from below into at least one same treatment chamber. It is also provided a step of selecting a treatment mode, wherein the gas flows along the two treatment chambers in a parallel or in a series arrangement, or one chamber being excluded; in particular the series-mode or the exclusion mode is actuated when the flowrate of the gas decreases below a minimum threshold value, while the parallel-mode is actuated when the flowrate of the gas rises above a maximum threshold value. An apparatus comprising at least such a container and a gas convey selective convey means ( 44′,44″ ), for actuating said treatment modes, in particular responsive to a flowrate of the gas. The apparatus and the method according to the invention allow to maintain the sweetening and/or dehydration efficiency, in particular in the case of a progressive reduction of the flowrate of natural gas that can be obtained from a well or gasfield.

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23-01-2014 дата публикации

Use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and a nitrogen compound to reduce fuel consumption

Номер: US20140020285A1
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

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27-02-2014 дата публикации

Fuel Fix +

Номер: US20140053457A1
Автор: Frank David Elsik
Принадлежит: Individual

A chemical substance for the purpose of removing carbon builds up from burning Chambers of gasoline engines, diesel engines, coal, oil, and gas burning furnaces. A chemical substance for the purpose of helping to protect the environment by Causing engines and furnaces to operate more efficiently. A chemical substance which would improve MPG by reducing carbon build up in internal combustion engines. A chemical substance when mixed with the main fuel in the fuel tank, would cause the fuel to burn more efficiently thus cleaning the system from engine to exhaust.

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06-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels

Номер: US20140059924A1
Принадлежит: Michigan State University MSU

A process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuel or additive to a petroleum fuel for use in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The process preferably provides a partial transesterification of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters with at least one alkyl alcohol containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst to produce a mixture of the fatty acid methyl esters and alkyl alcohol esters of the fatty acids.

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06-03-2014 дата публикации

Process and apparatus for extracting sulfur compounds in a hydrocarbon stream

Номер: US20140066682A1
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for extracting sulfur compounds in a hydrocarbon stream. The process can include feeding a hydrocarbon stream containing sulfur compounds to a prewash zone containing an alkali, withdrawing a prewashed hydrocarbon stream from the prewash zone, and feeding the prewashed hydrocarbon stream to a mass transfer zone for extracting one or more thiol compounds from the prewashed hydrocarbon stream. Often, the mass transfer zone includes a hollow fiber membrane contactor.

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20-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

Номер: US20140075834A1
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

Номер: US20150000186A1
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

HEAT GENERATION SEGMENT FOR AN AEROSOL-GENERATION SYSTEM OF A SMOKING ARTICLE

Номер: US20170000188A1
Принадлежит:

A fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article is provided, the fuel element including a combustible carbonaceous material in an amount of at least 25% by dry weight, based on the weight of the fuel element, and a particulate ignition aid dispersed throughout the fuel element and selected from ceramic particles, cellulose particles, fullerenes, impregnated activated carbon particles, inorganic salts, and combinations thereof, wherein the average particle size of the ignition aid is less than about 1,000 microns. Also provided are elongate smoking articles having a lighting end and an opposed mouth end, and including the above-noted fuel element configured for ignition of the lighting end. 1. A fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article , comprising:(a) a combustible carbonaceous material in an amount of at least 25% by dry weight, based on the weight of the fuel element; and(b) a particulate ignition aid dispersed throughout the fuel element and selected from the group consisting of ceramic particles, cellulose particles, fullerenes, impregnated activated carbon particles, inorganic salts, and combinations thereof, wherein the average particle size of the ignition aid is less than about 1,000 microns and with the proviso that when the ignition aid is an inorganic salt, the inorganic salt is present in an amount of no more than about 0.5 dry weight percent based on the total dry weight of the fuel element.2. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the particulate ignition aid is non-catalytic.3. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises ceramic particles or cellulose particles having an average particle size of less than about 500 microns claim 1 , the ceramic particles being glass bubbles or cenospheres.4. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises glass bubbles having an average particle size of about 10 to about 300 microns.5. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises cellulose particles ...

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06-01-2022 дата публикации

TRIAZINANES AND METHODS OF MAKING THEM

Номер: US20220002256A1
Принадлежит: FLEXSYS AMERICA L.P.

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by the formula: Formula (i) wherein Rcomprises a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; wherein Rcomprises an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a heterocyclic group; and wherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation such as sodium, lithium, or potassium; or a multivalent metallic cation such as zinc, nickel, iron, titanium, or cobalt; or an ammonium or alkyl ammonium cation derived by addition of proton (s) to a nitrogenous base. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R1 comprises a hydrogen atom;wherein R2 comprises an alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; andwherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R1 comprises hydrogen;wherein R2 comprises an alkylene group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; andwherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation or an ammonium or alkyl ammonium cation derived by addition of one or more protons to a nitrogenous base.4. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(ethane-2 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).5. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(propane-3 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).6. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(butane-4 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).7. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(pentane-5 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).8. A method of making the compound of claim 1 , comprising:reacting a haloalkylamine hydrohalide with a metal thiosulfate to obtain an alkylammonium halide thiosulfate metal salt;deprotonating the alkylammonium halide thiosulfate metal salt to obtain an alkylammonium thiosulfate metal salt; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'reacting the alkylammonium ...

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06-01-2022 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20220002627A1
Принадлежит:

A fuel composition comprising a base fuel and at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive, wherein the viscosity index (VI) improving additive is a functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer. The viscosity index (VI) improving additive provides improved power output and/or acceleration characteristics. 1. A fuel composition comprising a base fuel and at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive , wherein the viscosity index (VI) improving additive is a functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer.2. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer is produced from reacting an olefin copolymer with a functionalizing component selected from amines claim 1 , amides claim 1 , nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds or alcohols.3. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer is produced from grafting an olefin copolymer with a grafting material and then reacting the grafted material with a functionalizing component selected from amines claim 1 , amides claim 1 , nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds or alcohols.4. The fuel composition according to wherein the olefin copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene with a Cto Colefin.5. The fuel composition according to wherein the Cto Colefin is selected from propylene claim 4 , butylene claim 4 , butadiene claim 4 , isoprene claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The fuel composition according to wherein the olefin copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.7. The fuel composition according to wherein the grafting material is an unsaturated acid.8. The fuel composition according to wherein the grafting material is maleic anhydride.9. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalizing component is an amine.10. The fuel composition according to wherein the amine is an aromatic amine.11. The fuel composition according to wherein the aromatic amine is N-phenyl-1 claim 10 ,4-phenylenediamine.12. The fuel composition ...

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06-01-2022 дата публикации

EMULSIFER AND EMULSIONS

Номер: US20220002628A1
Автор: Redman James
Принадлежит:

There is provided an emulsifier comprising at least one Cto Cfatty acid diethanolamide, at least one Cto Cfatty acid, at least one Cto Calcohol ethoxylate and optionally at least one sorbitan ester and/or at least one alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. There is additionally provided emulsions comprising a fuel, water and an emulsifier and methods of producing emulsions. 1. An composition comprising:at least one Cs to Cis fatty acid diethanolamide;at least one C12 to C24 fatty acid; and{'sub': '6', 'at least one Cto Cis alcohol ethoxylate;'}wherein the composition is useful as an emulsifier.2. A composition according to comprising:a fuel comprising at least one of diesel, low sulphur diesel, biodiesel and heavy fuel oil;less than or equal to 30 wt % water{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'from 0.5 to 15 wt % of the emulsifier of .'}3. A composition according to comprising:60-90 wt % of the at least one Cs to Cis fatty acid diethanolamide;2-10 wt % of the at least one C12 to C24 fatty acid; and{'sub': '6', '5-20 wt % of the at least one Cto Cis alcohol ethoxylate.'}4. An composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said emulsifier does not comprise naphtha.5. A composition according to comprising:a fuel comprising at least one of diesel, low sulphur diesel and heavy fuel oil, wherein the fuel does not contain any bio-components;less than or equal to 20 wt % water; andthe emulsifier,wherein the emulsifier:water volume ratio is from 1.5:1 to 1:2.9,wherein the composition is a nanemulsion.6. A composition according to comprising:50-75 wt % of the at least one Cs to Cis fatty acid diethanolamide;2-10 wt % of the at least one C12 to C24 fatty acid;{'sub': '6', '5-20 wt % of the at least one Cto Cis alcohol ethoxylate; and'}10-40 wt % of at least one sorbitan esters.7. A composition according to claim 6 , wherein said emulsifier does not comprise naphtha.8. A composition according to comprising:a fuel comprising at least one of diesel, low sulphur diesel, ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

SEPARATION PROCESS OF GASEOUS COMPOUNDS FROM NATURAL GAS WITH LOW EXERGY LOSSES

Номер: US20160001218A1
Автор: Rota Renato
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a separation process of natural gas from gaseous compounds present at the wellhead by means of at least two adsorption columns, each containing an adsorbing solid and one operating at a higher pressure than the other, said process being characterized in that: —the compression ratio is within the range of 1.1 to 10; —the ratio between the characteristic convective time through the column and the characteristic diffusive time in the adsorbing solid is higher than 1. 1. A process for separating natural gas from gaseous compounds present at the wellhead , said gaseous compounds being selected from the group consisting of helium , nitrogen , carbon dioxide , hydrogen sulphide and combinations thereof , by means of at least two adsorption columns , each containing an adsorbing solid and one operating at a higher pressure than the other , wherein the column operating at higher pressure has an operating pressure close to that of the wellhead , said process being characterized in that:a. a compression ratio is within the range of 1.3 to 3, the compression ratio being defined as the ratio between the maximum and minimum pressure value at which the process operates;b. the ratio between a characteristic convective time through the column and a characteristic diffusive time in the adsorbing solid is higher than 1, the characteristic convective time through a column being defined as the ratio between the empty volume of the column and the volumetric flow-rate, the characteristic diffusive time in the adsorbing solid being defined as the ratio between the square of the equivalent radius of the particles of the adsorbing solid and the effective diffusivity of the gas.2. (canceled)3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio between the characteristic convective time through the column and the characteristic diffusive time in the adsorbing solid ranges from 10to 10.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous compounds are ...

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07-01-2021 дата публикации

Method for Producing Silicoaluminophosphate Sorbent

Номер: US20210001308A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing silicoaluminophosphate sorbents such as SAPO-56 and SAPO-47 comprising the use of a specific structure directing agent (SDA) comprising a mixture of different types of amines The structure providing agent (SDA) comprises N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMHD) and a co-structure providing agent (co-SDA) selected among primary, secondary and tertiary amines comprising up to 15 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof. A preferred SDA comprises isopropylamine, dibutylamine and tripropylamine The sorbents are particularly suitable for up-grading biogas such as separating carbon dioxide from methane. 1. A method for preparing a silicoaluminophosphate sorbent comprising:providing a reaction mixture, said mixture comprising: a silicon-containing composition, an aluminum-containing composition, a phosphorous-containing composition, and a structure directing agent (SDA);crystallization of the reaction mixture thereby providing crystallized silicoalum inophosphate;recovering crystalline silicoaluminophosphate from the mixture;wherein the structure providing agent (SDA) comprises N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMHD) and a co-structure providing agent (co-SDA) selected among primary, secondary and tertiary amines comprising up to 15 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the co-SDA is selected among primary amines comprising a saturated hydrocarbon comprising up to 6 carbon atoms.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the silicoaluminophosphate sorbent is selected among SAPO-47 and SAPO-56.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the silicoaluminophosphate sorbent is SAPO-56.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the SDA comprises up to about 75% wt of the co-SDA.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the primary claim 1 , secondary and tertiary amines comprise saturated hydrocarbons.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the saturated hydrocarbons ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

SORBENT

Номер: US20160001258A1
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A method for preparing a sorbent composition includes the steps of: 1. A sorbent composition comprising an eggshell layer on the exterior surface of a support material , the layer comprising at least one copper compound and having a thickness in the range 1-200 μm , and the sorbent composition comprises 0.5 to 20% by weight of copper.2. A sorbent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one copper compound comprises copper (II) sulphide.3. A sorbent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one copper compound is selected from the group consisting of basic copper carbonate and copper (II) oxide.4. A sorbent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises an alumina claim 1 , hydrated alumina claim 1 , titania claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , silica or aluminosilicate claim 1 , or a mixture of two or more of these.5. A sorbent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the support material is an alumina.6. A sorbent composition according to wherein the support material is in the form of a foam claim 1 , monolith or honeycomb claim 1 , or a coating on a structured packing.7. A sorbent composition according to wherein the support material is in the form of shaped particulate unit selected from the group consisting of spheres claim 1 , rings claim 1 , trilobes claim 1 , quadralobes claim 1 , and cylinders8. A sorbent composition according to claim 7 , wherein the support material has between 2 and 10 holes extending therethrough.9. A sorbent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the support material has a BET surface area of 10-330 m·gand a pore volume in the range 0.3-0.9 cm·g.10. A sorbent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the layer is in the range 1 to 150 μm.11. A sorbent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent comprises 0.75-10% by weight of copper.12. A sorbent composition according to wherein the support material is in the form of a shaped particulate unit with a ...

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06-01-2022 дата публикации

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus for Removing Carbon

Номер: US20220003163A1
Принадлежит:

The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine. 1. A method of removing existing carbonaceous deposits from an internal combustion engine with a fuel additive; the engine including an induction system , one or more cylinders , and an exhaust system; the carbonaceous deposits are of the type built up over time during the operation of the engine (hereinafter referred to as “carbon deposits”); the method including the steps of:selecting a terpene;blending the selected terpene with the fuel used to run the engine, the percentage of the terpene in the fuel stock being sufficient to solubilize carbon deposits;running the engine;utilizing the terpene in the fuel stock to solubilize at least some the carbon deposits in at least one of the induction system, cylinders and exhaust system;removing the solubilized carbon deposits while the engine is running; andburning the solubilized and removed carbon deposits with the fuel stock in the cylinders as part of the normal combustion process.2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the terpene is selected from the group of oil of turpentine (TPT) claim 1 , y-terpinene (y-T) claim 1 , p-cymene (p-C) claim 1 , terpinolene (TO) claim 1 , alpha-pinene (A-p) claim 1 , (−)-beta-pinene (b-p) claim 1 , camphene (ch) claim 1 , 3-carene (3-c) claim 1 , R-(+)-limonene claim 1 , and S-(−)-limonene.3. The method as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the fuel stock ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

SOLVENT AND METHOD FOR REMOVING ACID GASES FROM A GASEOUS MIXTURE

Номер: US20180001255A1
Принадлежит:

A solvent and method for removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture flow with high carbon dioxide partial pressures are disclosed. The solvent includes a secondary or tertiary amine, an amine activator, a physical solvent (e.g., thioalkanol), and a carbonate buffer. The solvent contains less than about 60% by weight of water and is in a single liquid phase. 2. (canceled)3. The solvent of claim 1 , wherein the amine promoter is N-aminoethylpiperazine (AEP).4. The solvent of claim 1 , wherein the thioalkanol is thiodiglycol.5. The solvent of claim 1 , wherein the carbonate buffer is a potassium carbonate buffer.6. The solvent of claim 1 , wherein the secondary or tertiary amine is selected from the group consisting of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) claim 1 , triethyl amine claim 1 , Methanol amine (TEA) claim 1 , diethanol amine (DEA) claim 1 , and methyl diethanol amine (MDEA) claim 1 , diisoproponol amine (DIPA).5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The solvent of claim 1 , wherein the tertiary amine is MDEA claim 1 , wherein AEP is between 5 wt. % and 12 wt. % of the solvent and thiodiglycol is between 10 wt. % and 25 wt. %.8. The solvent of claim 1 , wherein the amine promoter is AEP; the AEP is about 8 wt. %; and thiodiglycol is about 20 wt. %.9. The solvent of claim 8 , wherein MDEA to about 32 wt. % and the viscosity of the solvent is less than 11 cP at 40 C and about 7 to 9 cP at 40 C unloaded.10. A process for removal of acid gases from a gaseous mixture comprising the steps of:obtaining a solvent consisting of a secondary or tertiary amine that is between about 30 wt. % and about 40 wt. % of the solvent, an amine promoter that is between about 5 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the solvent, thiodiglycol that is between about 10% and 25% wt. %, a carbonate buffer, wherein the buffer is between 0.1-2 wt. %, and the solvent containing less than about 60 wt. % by weight of water, the solvent having a temperature between about 30 C and about 65 C; andapplying the solvent to a ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

System for the Capture and Release of Acid Gases

Номер: US20170001142A1
Принадлежит: C-Capture Ltd

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for the capture of at least one acid gas in a composition, the release of said gas from said composition, and the subsequent regeneration of said composition for re-use, said method comprising performing, in order, the steps of: (a) capturing the at least one acid gas by contacting said at least one gas with a capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid and at least one water-miscible non-aqueous solvent; (b) releasing said at least one acid gas by adding at least one protic solvent or agent to said composition; and (c) regenerating the capture composition by partial or complete removal of said added protic solvent or agent from said composition. Optionally, said capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid and at least one water-miscible non-aqueous solvent additionally comprises water or another protic solvent. In another aspect, the invention envisages a composition which additionally comprises at least one protic solvent or agent and release of the at least one acid gas is achieved solely by subjecting the composition to the application of heat or stripping with a stream of air. The method is typically applied to the capture and subsequent release of carbon dioxide, and offers a convenient and simple process which uses inexpensive consumables and offers significant advantages over the methods of the prior art. 147-. (canceled)48. A method for the capture of at least one acid gas in a composition , the release of said gas from said composition , and the subsequent regeneration of said composition for re-use , said method comprising performing , in order , the steps of:(a) capturing the at least one acid gas by contacting said at least one gas with a capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid, at least one non-aqueous solvent and optionally at least one protic solvent or agent;(b) releasing said at least one acid gas by subjecting said ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD TO SELECTIVELY REMOVE HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM A GAS STREAM USING A FUNCTIONALIZED CROSS-LINKED MACROPOROUS POLYMER

Номер: US20180001299A1
Принадлежит: Dow Global Technologies LLC

A process is disclosed for the removal of hydrogen sulfide (HS) from natural. This process provides for passing a natural gas feedstream comprising HS though a regenerable adsorbent media which adsorbs HS to provide an HS-lean natural gas product and HS. The regenerable adsorbent media of the present invention is a tertiary amine functionalized cross-linked macroporous polymeric adsorbent media. 1. A process for removing hydrogen sulfide (HS) from a natural gas feedstream comprising HS comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', '(a) providing an adsorbent bed comprising a tertiary amine functionalized cross-linked macroporous polymeric adsorbent media, wherein said adsorbent media adsorbs HS;'}{'sub': '2', '(b) passing the natural gas feedstream through the tertiary amine functionalized cross-linked macroporous polymeric adsorbent bed to provide a HS-lean natural gas stream and a hydrogen sulfide-loaded tertiary amine functionalized cross-linked macroporous polymeric adsorbent media;'}{'sub': '2', '(c) further treating, recovering, transporting, liquefying, or flaring the HS-lean natural gas stream,'}{'sub': '2', '(d) regenerating the loaded tertiary amine functionalized cross-linked macroporous polymeric adsorbent media for reuse by desorbing the adsorbed HS, and'}{'sub': '2', '(e) discharging the HS to be collected, flared, neutralized by caustic, converted to elemental sulfur, reinjected, or converted to sulfuric acid.'}2. The process of wherein the natural gas stream comprises claim 1 , in addition to HS claim 1 , one or more impurity wherein the HS is selectively removed from the natural gas stream in the presence of one or more impurity.3. The process of wherein the tertiary amine functionalized cross-linked macroporous polymeric adsorbent is a polymer of a monovinyl aromatic monomer crosslinked with a polyvinylidene aromatic compound.4. The process in of wherein the monovinyl aromatic monomer comprises from 92% to 99.25% by weight of said polymer claim 3 , and said ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

Biorefining Method

Номер: US20200001268A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to improved methods for the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and a solid substrate, wherein the solid substrate constitutes between 5% and 15% of the total combined mass of the solid substrate and organic matter feedstock in the reaction mixture;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture; sequesters organic and/or inorganic matter that de-solubilises within the reaction mixture or the product mixture; and/or', 'alters one or more flow characteristics of the reaction mixture and/or the product mixture in the reactor vessel., 'wherein the solid substrate is solid or substantially solid at the reaction temperature and pressure and;'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating is performed under continuous flow conditions.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid substrate is inert or substantially inert at the reaction temperature and pressure.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid substrate is a carbonaceous material comprising at least 50% claim 1 , at least 60% claim 1 , at least 70% claim 1 , at least 80% claim 1 , or at least 90% by weight carbon.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid substrate is:(a) selected from the group consisting of: coals, anthracitic coal, meta-anthracite, anthracite, semianthracite, bituminous ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD, SYNTHESIS, ACTIVATION PROCEDURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OXYGEN RICH ACTIVATED POROUS CARBON SORBENT FOR SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE WITH ULTRA HIGH CAPACITY

Номер: US20170001170A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure pertains to materials for COadsorption at pressures above 1 bar, where the materials include a porous carbon material with a surface area of at least 2800 m/g, a total pore volume of at least 1.35 cm/g, and a carbon content of 80%-95%. The porous carbon material is prepared by heating organic polymer precursors or biological materials in the presence of KOH at 700° C.-800° C. The present disclosure also pertains to materials for the separation of COfrom natural gas at partial pressures above 1 bar, where the material includes a porous carbon material with a surface area of at least 2000 m/g, a total pore volume of at least 1.00 cm/g, and a carbon content of greater than 90%. The porous carbon materials can be prepared by heating organic polymer precursors or biological materials in the presence of KOH at 600° C.-700° C. 1. A material for COadsorption at pressures above 1 bar , said material comprising:{'sup': 2', '3, 'claim-text': 'wherein the temperature of activation is between 700° C. and 800° C.', 'wherein the porous carbon material is prepared by heating an organic polymer precursor or biological material in the presence of KOH, and'}, 'a porous carbon material with a surface area of at least 2800 m/g, a total pore volume of at least 1.35 cm/g, and a carbon content of between 80% and 95% as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,'}2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon material is prepared by heating an organic polymer precursor.3. The material of claim 2 , wherein the organic polymer precursor comprises oxygen in a functional group.4. The material of claim 3 , wherein the functional group is a furyl.5. The material of claim 4 , wherein the organic polymer precursor polymerizes to form polyfurfuryl alcohol.6. The material of claim 5 , wherein the polyfurfuryl alcohol is prepared by the polymerization of furfuryl alcohol with a catalyst.7. The material of claim 6 , where the catalyst is iron(III) chloride.8. The ...

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

PVP- AND/OR PVL-CONTAINING COMPOSITE MEMBRANES AND METHODS OF USE

Номер: US20190001273A1
Принадлежит:

A composite membrane for selectively pervaporating a first liquid from a mixture comprising the first liquid and a second liquid. The composite membrane includes a porous substrate comprising opposite first and second major surfaces, and a plurality of pores. A pore-filling polymer is disposed in at least some of the pores so as to form a layer having a thickness within the porous substrate. The polymer is more permeable to the first liquid than the second liquid but not soluble in the first liquid or the second liquid. The composite membrane may be asymmetric or symmetric with respect to the amount of pore-filling polymer throughout the thickness of the porous substrate. 1. A composite membrane for selectively pervaporating alcohol from an alcohol and gasoline feed mixture , the composite membrane comprising:a porous substrate comprising opposite first and second major surfaces, and a plurality of pores; and (a) a PVP-containing polymer composition that is not a pore-filling polymer composition;', '(b) a PVP-containing polymer composition comprising greater than 75 wt % PVP, wherein the PVP-containing polymer composition is in and/or on the porous substrate;', '(c) a PVP-containing polymer composition comprising one or more additional polymers that does not include a polymer derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or oligomers, wherein the PVP-containing polymer composition is in and/or on the porous substrate; or', '(d) a PVL-containing polymer composition disposed in and/or on the porous substrate;, 'a polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition iswherein the polymer composition forms a polymer layer having a thickness;wherein the polymer composition is more permeable to alcohol than gasoline2. The composite membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the composite membrane is an asymmetric composite membrane.3. The composite membrane according to wherein the amount of the polymer composition at claim 2 , on claim 2 , or adjacent to ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING NANO SILICA MATERAILS FROM PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS

Номер: US20170001871A1
Принадлежит:

A device for speeding up production rate of biomass pyrolysis gas to prepare nanoscale silica materials. The device includes: a screw feeder; a mixer; a pyrolysis device having a cinder hole; a combustion train; a steam generator; and a calcination device. In operation, biomass material is transported to the mixer via the screw feeder. The mixer operates to stir the biomass material, then the biomass material and overheated steam generated by the steam generator are mixed and introduced to the pyrolysis device. The pyrolysis device operates to produce combustible gas, and the combustible gas is combusted in the combustion train. The combustion train produces hot smoke, and the hot smoke heats the steam generator to produce the overheated steam. The cinder hole is disposed at a bottom of the pyrolysis device and operates to discharge cinder, and the cinder is transported to the calcination device to calcine. 2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the steam generator is an electrical steam generator claim 1 , a fuel-oil steam generator claim 1 , or a fuel-gas steam generator.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the steam generator is the fuel-oil steam generator.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the fuel-oil steam generator comprises a chamber claim 3 , an S-shaped coiler claim 3 , a water tank claim 3 , and an overheating coiler having two-way fins; the S-shaped coiler claim 3 , the water tank claim 3 , and the overheating coiler having two-way fins are arranged from bottom to top in the chamber in that order.5. A method for speeding up production rate of biomass pyrolysis gas to prepare nanoscale silica materials claim 3 , the method comprising:uniformly stirring biomass material;heating and drying the biomass material using overheated steam, wherein a temperature of the overheated steam ranges between 120° C. and 150° C.;pyrolyzing the biomass material under anaerobic conditions to yield combustible gas, wherein a pyrolysis temperature ranges between 600° C. and 800° C ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

Process and catalysts for the production of diesel and gasoline additives from glycerol

Номер: US20200002257A1
Принадлежит: Lyondell Chemical Technology LP

A method of producing one or more glycerol ethers, the method comprising contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol (TBA) in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce one or more glycerol ethers selected from mono-tert butyl glycerol ethers, di-tert butyl glycerol ethers, tri-tert butyl glycerol ethers, or a combination thereof; separating water and a stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof from the one or more glycerol ethers; and recycling at least a portion of the stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof to the contacting. Also disclosed is a process of co-producing isooctene, wherein the process involves contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst and dimerizing/oligomerizing the dehydrated products in the presence of an oligomerizing catalyst to form isooctene, a precursor of isooctane and isomers thereof.

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC CHLORIDE IN ALKYLATE USING METALS AND ALLOYS

Номер: US20160002542A1
Автор: Lacheen Howard Steven
Принадлежит: Chevron U.S.A. INC.

Processes for decomposing organic chloride in a hydrocarbon stream may comprise contacting a hydrocarbon stream with a dechlorination element in a dechlorination zone under dechlorination conditions to provide a dechlorinated hydrocarbon product, wherein the dechlorination element may comprise a metal or metal alloy having a high surface area configuration. Such a dechlorination element may be disposed within one or more distillation columns and/or within a separate dechlorination vessel. 1. A dechlorination process , comprising:a) providing a hydrocarbon stream comprising an alkylate product in combination with an organic chloride contaminant; and{'sup': 2', '−3, 'b) contacting the hydrocarbon stream under dechlorination conditions in a dechlorination zone with a dechlorination element having a surface area per unit volume in the range from 250 to 1000 m·mto decompose the organic chloride and to provide a dechlorinated alkylate product, wherein the dechlorination element has a metal surface comprising a metal alloy.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dechlorination element comprises from 90 to 100 wt % of the metal alloy.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:the metal surface of the dechlorination element is of uniform composition, andthe metal alloy is selected from the group consisting of an Fe based alloy, a Ni based alloy, and a Cu based alloy.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal alloy comprises at least 90 wt % Fe claim 1 , and an alloying element selected from the group consisting of Al claim 1 , B claim 1 , C claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , N claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , S claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , W claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal surface of the dechlorination element consists essentially of the metal alloy.6. The process according to ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

Processes for converting biomass to btx with low sulfur, nitrogen and olefin content via a catalytic fast pyrolysis process

Номер: US20160002544A1
Принадлежит: Anellotech Inc

Methods of separating and purifying products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and purified using a hydrotreating step that reduces the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen components, and hydrogenates olefins to produce aromatic products that meet commercial quality specifications.

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

System and method for converting food waste into fuel

Номер: US20160002549A1
Автор: Eun Ju Kim, Tae Hyung Kim

A system for converting food waste into fuel includes at least one thermal decomposition reactor. The at least one thermal decomposition reactor is configured to transfer an organic waste, that is, food waste, through a region on which a sunlight is concentrated by at least one solar concentrator. A fermenter is disposed at a front end of the at least one thermal decomposition reactor, and any thermal energy remaining after being used in the at least one thermal decomposition reactor is additionally used in fermentation of the food waste. A method of converting food waste into fuel is also provided.

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING GAS HYDRATE PELLETS

Номер: US20160002550A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides an apparatus for molding gas hydrate pellets that includes: a pulverizer in which dehydrated gas hydrates are pulverized; a cooler having a rotating shaft provided therein, comprising a plurality of agitation blades installed along a height direction of the rotating shaft and configured to cool the gas hydrates to a predetermined temperature; a decompressor configured to decompress the cooled gas hydrates to a predetermined pressure; and a pellet molder configured to mold the decompressed gas hydrates to pellets. 1. An apparatus for molding gas hydrate pellets , comprising:a pulverizer in which dehydrated gas hydrates are pulverized;a cooler having a rotating shaft provided therein, comprising a plurality of agitation blades installed along a height direction of the rotating shaft and configured to cool the gas hydrates to a predetermined temperature;a decompressor configured to decompress the cooled gas hydrates to a predetermined pressure; anda pellet molder configured to mold the decompressed gas hydrates to pellets.2. The apparatus of claim wherein the plurality of agitation blades have a different speed of rotation from one another.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a roller unit coupled to the rotating shaft and configured to frictionally roll against an inner circumferential surface of the cooler.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the roller unit comprises:a pair of first rollers formed to be separated by 180 degrees about the rotating shaft; anda pair of second rollers, each overlapped partially with the pair of first rollers in a lengthwise direction of the rotating shaft, and formed to be separated by 180 degrees about the rotating shaft so as to have a phase difference of 90 degrees from the pair of first rollers along the inner circumferential surface of the cooler.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising:a first roller support formed between the first roller and the rotating shaft and configured to ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

ASHLESS-COAL PRODUCTION DEVICE, AND ASHLESS-COAL PRODUCTION METHOD

Номер: US20160002551A1
Принадлежит:

A production apparatus of an ashless coal includes a preheater, an extraction tank, a feed pipe, a solid-liquid separator and a solvent separator. The preheater heats a solvent. The extraction tank extracts a coal component soluble in the solvent from a slurry including a mixture of a coal and the solvent heated by the preheater. The coal feeding unit feeds the coal to the feed pipe by pressuring a feed part to the feed pipe such that the solvent does not flow back. The solid-liquid separator separates a solution part containing the coal component from the slurry. The solvent separator evaporates and separates the solvent from the solution part to obtain an ashless coal. 1. A production apparatus of an ashless coal , comprising:a preheater that heats a solvent;an extraction tank that extracts a coal component soluble in the solvent from a slurry comprising a mixture of a coal and the solvent which has been heated by the preheater;a feed pipe one end of which is connected to the extraction tank through the preheater;a coal feeding unit that feeds the coal to the feed pipe by pressuring a feed part to the feed pipe such that the solvent does not flow back, the coal feeding unit being connected to the feed pipe on a downstream side of the preheater;a solid-liquid separator that separates a solution part containing the coal component from the slurry from which the coal component has been extracted in the extraction tank; anda solvent separator that evaporates and separates the solvent from the solution part which has been separated by the solid-liquid separator to obtain an ashless coal.2. The production apparatus of an ashless coal according to claim 1 , further comprising a pump that is provided in the feed pipe on an upstream side of the coal feeding unit and transports the solvent to the extraction tank in a turbulent flow state.3. The production apparatus of an ashless coal according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the solvent which has been heated by the ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MOLDED SOLID FUEL

Номер: US20160002552A1

A method for producing a briquetted solid fuel includes pulverizing a low-rank coal. The pulverized low-rank coal is mixed with a solvent oil to give a slurry. The slurry is heated and dewatered to give a dewatered slurry. The solvent oil is separated from the dewatered slurry to give a cake. The cake is heated to further separate the solvent oil from the cake to thereby give a refined coal in powder form. The refined coal is combined with a property-controlling coal in powder form having, as properties, a loose bulk density of 0.6 kg/L or more and an angle of repose of 40° or less, to give a briquetting feedstock containing the property-controlling coal in an amount of 5 to 70 mass percent based on the total mass of the briquetting feedstock. The briquetting feedstock is briquetted under pressure to give the briquetted solid fuel in briquette form. 1. A method for producing a briquetted solid fuel , the method comprising the steps of:pulverizing a low-rank coal to give a pulverized low-rank coal;mixing the pulverized low-rank coal with a solvent oil to give a slurry;heating and thereby dewatering the slurry to give a dewatered slurry;separating the solvent oil from the dewatered slurry by liquid-solid separation to give a cake;heating and thereby drying the cake to further separate the solvent from the cake to thereby give a refined coal in powder form;blending the refined coal with a property-controlling coal in powder form to control a property of the refined coal to thereby give a briquetting feedstock comprising the property-controlling coal in an amount of 5 to 70 mass percent based on the total mass of the briquetting feedstock, the property-controlling coal having, as properties, a loose bulk density of 0.6 kg/L or more and an angle of repose of 40° or less; andbriquetting the briquetting feedstock under pressure to give the briquetted solid fuel in briquette form.2. The method for producing a briquetted solid fuel according to claim 1 ,wherein the property- ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

Carbonaceous Fines Beneficiation Using Micro-Algae and Related Processes

Номер: US20160002553A1
Принадлежит: NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY

A method is provided for the treatment of water containing micro-algae wherein the water is contacted with carbonaceous fines to adsorb micro-algae onto particles of the carbonaceous fines. The carbonaceous fines may be coal or charcoal fines or mixtures thereof. The carbonaceous fines may be pre-treated to remove any unsuitable or valuable materials therefrom; or to produce suitable size ranges of particles for one or more purposes selected from facilitating adsorption; handling of the carbonaceous fines both before and after adsorption of the micro-algae; and separation of the carbonaceous fines with adsorbed micro-algae thereon. The method may target the beneficiation of carbonaceous fines and the carbonaceous fines together with the adsorbed microalgae thereon may be subjected to an agglomeration process for the production of agglomerates such as briquettes or pellets. The method may target the upgrading of a polluted water system in a commercial water treatment process.

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Preparing Fuel From Biomass

Номер: US20160002555A1
Принадлежит: Arbaflame Technology As

Method and apparatus for preparation of fuel from biomass wherein the biomass is subjected to a heat treatment in a temperature range from 150 to 300 C, in a reactor pressurized with steam and air, wherein the pressure at completed treatment is released. The volume increase of steam and other gases from the pressure release is temporarily accumulated in a container of a flexible volume while steam and other gases are subjected to heat exchange in at least one heat exchanger so that condensable gases are condensed and release their heat of condensation in the at least one heat exchanger.

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

HIGH SULFUR FUEL PELLET WITH REDUCED SO2 EMISSION

Номер: US20160002556A1
Принадлежит:

The present description relates to a method and system for generating a fuel from high sulfur fuel waste materials having a reduced SO2 emission. In one example, the fuel may include petroleum coke, a biomass constituent, and an alkali substituent. Further in another example, the fuel may include iron oxide catalyst increasing the capture of SO2. 1. A fuel comprising:petroleum coke, having a sulfur content up to 5.5%;a biomass constituent;an alkali constituent adapted to capture SO2 emissions by reacting with sulfur of the petroleum coke upon burn of the fuel; and 'wherein the petroleum coke, the biomass constituent, the alkali constituent, and the iron oxide catalyst are combined to form a fuel with decreased SO2 emissions at temperatures at or above 750 C.', 'an iron oxide catalyst reducing SO2 emissions to less than 10 percent;'}2. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is in the form of one or more of a briquette claim 1 , powder claim 1 , bead claim 1 , and various agglomerates.3. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the alkali constituent is one of limestone claim 1 , lime or sodium base alkali.4. The fuel of claim 3 , wherein the alkali constituent comprising lime is slaked.5. The fuel of claim 1 , further comprising one or more surfactants incorporated in the alkali constituent.6. The fuel of wherein the biomass constituent is wood waste.7. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the biomass constituent includes a volatile to increase combustibility of the petroleum coke.8. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the alkali constituent is processed to increase surface area of the alkali constituent claim 1 , wherein processing includes grinding the alkali constituent claim 1 , and wherein the increased surface area captures an increased amount of SO2.9. A fuel comprising:petroleum coke, having a sulfur content up to 5.5%;a biomass constituent to provide volatiles;an SO2 sorbent to capture SO2 emissions upon burn of the fuel; and{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'claim-text': {'sub': 2', '3, ' ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS FROM PLANT LIPIDS

Номер: US20160002566A1

The present invention relates to methods of producing industrial products from plant lipids, particularly from vegetative parts of plants. In particular, the present invention provides oil products such as biodiesel and synthetic diesel and processes for producing these, as well as plants having an increased level of one or more non-polar lipids such as triacylglycerols and an increased total non-polar lipid content. In one particular embodiment, the present invention relates to combinations of modifications in two or more of lipid handling enzymes, oil body proteins, decreased lipid catabolic enzymes and/or transcription factors regulating lipid biosynthesis to increase the level of one or more non-polar lipids and/or the total non-polar lipid content and/or mono-unsaturated fatty acid content in plants or any part thereof. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for extracting lipids. In another embodiment, the lipid is converted to one or more hydrocarbon products in harvested plant vegetative parts to produce alkyl esters of the fatty acids which are suitable for use as a renewable biodiesel fuel. 2. The process of claim 1 , which is characterised by one or more or all of:(i) the vegetative plant parts have a dry weight of at least 1 kg,(ii) the vegetative plant parts have a total non-polar lipid content of at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, or between 30% and 75% on a dry weight basis,(iii) the composition has a solids concentration between 5% and 90%(iv) the catalysts comprises NaOH or KOH or both, preferably at a concentration of 0.1M to 2M,(v) the treatment time is between 1 and 60 minutes, preferably between 10 and 60 minutes, preferably between 15 and 30 minutes,(vi) if the solvent is water the process produces a yield of the oil product between a minimum of 36%, 37%, 38%, 39% or 40% and a maximum of 55% or 60% by weight relative to the dry weight of the vegetative plant parts,(vii) if the ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS AND METHODS OF USING EXTRACTION PRODUCTS

Номер: US20160002567A1
Принадлежит:

A process for extraction of crude oil from distillers dried grain solubles and/or distillers dried grains and producing corn distillers meal that may be used as a livestock supplement is disclosed. For example, the corn distillers meal may be used as a crude protein supplement for use in a livestock feed diet or a poultry feed diet. The solvent extracted crude oil may be suitable for oleochemical processing for personal care and home care products, biodiesel production, and/or renewable diesel production from hydro-treating the extracted oil to make green diesel fuel. 1. A facility for solvent extraction of distillers dried grains with solubles , distillers dried grains , or both , comprising:a solvent extraction facility configured to extract crude plant oil from the distillers dried grains with solubles, the distillers dried grains, or both, thereby producing distillers meal,wherein the solvent extraction facility is configured to extract crude plant oil from distillers dried grains with solubles, the distillers dried grains, or both, using an extraction process using a non-polar solvent having a boiling point in the range of about 36° C. to about 99° C., thereby producing distillers meal comprising a crude protein content ranging from about 28% to about 35% by weight on, a crude fat content ranging from about 0.25% to about 6% by weight, and a content of phosphorous and phosphorous containing compounds ranging from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm.2. The facility for solvent extraction of claim 1 , wherein the distillers meal further comprises an initial sulfur and sulfur containing compounds in an amount of about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm.3. The facility for solvent extraction of claim 2 , wherein the distillers dried grains with solubles is a corn distiller dried grains with solubles and the distillers meal is a corn distillers meal.4. The facility for solvent extraction of claim 3 , wherein the corn distiller dried grains with solubles or the corn distillers meal is ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

Use Of Compounds Revealing The Efficiency Of Filterability Additives In Hydrocarbon Distillates, And Synergic Composition Containing Same

Номер: US20170002283A1
Принадлежит: TOTAL RAFFINAGE MARKETING

The invention relates to the use, in a hydrocarbon distillate with a boiling temperature of between 150 and 450° C. and a crystallization onset temperature as measured by Differential calorimetric Analysis of greater than or equal to −50° C., preferably of −5° C. to +10° C., of a homopolymer obtained from an olefinic ester of carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms and from a fatty alcohol containing a chain of more than 16 carbon atoms and optionally an olefinic double bond, as a compound for revealing the efficiency of filterability additives based on copolymer and/or terpolymers of ethylene and of vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and of a monoalcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The invention is also directed to an additive composition comprising a conventional hydrocarbon filterability additive in combination with an efficiency reveal additive, and also to the combustion fuels, motor fuel and oil fuel that comprise these additive combinations. 1. A composition comprising a mixture further comprising:A) a filterability additive based on a copolymer and/or terpolymer of ethylene and of a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid with 2 to 5 carbon atoms and of a monoalcohol comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; andB) a polvacrylate comprising side hydrocarborn chains with 18-40, wherein the polyacrvlate is not a polymethacrylate;A and B being in a ratio producing a synergic effect as regards the filterability temperature LFT as measured according to the NF EN116 standard, of hydrocarbon distillates with a boiling temperature comprised between 150 and 450° C. and an onset crystallization temperature as measured by differential scanning calorimetry analysis greater than or equal to −5° C.2. A composition comprising (A) from 85 to 99% by weight of at least one filterability additive based on a copolymer and/or terpolymer of ethylene and of a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid with 2 to 5 carbon atoms , of a monoalcohol comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

FIRE CUBE

Номер: US20170002284A1
Автор: Price Sean
Принадлежит:

A fire-starter cube has a combustible box housing having a bottom, four sides and a lid, a crib of stacked wooden slats, the slats arranged around a central chimney, a plurality of openable doors within the sides configured to admit fresh air, a knock-out on the lid configured to permit the exhaust of hot gases, the removal of the knock-out providing an opening to the chimney, wherein as the cube burns, the fresh air enters the doors and exits from the opening, and wherein the air forms a vortex within the chimney. In an embodiment the cube has wooden shavings within the chimney. The doors may be perforated on three sides and the opening of the doors is selectable by a user. The heat of the burning cube bakes the slats before they ignite. In an embodiment, the lid releasably locks onto the sides of the box. 1. A fire-starter cube , comprising: 'i. a plurality of adjustable doors in communication with at least one of the four sides, wherein at least two of the plurality of adjustable doors are in communication with adjacent sides, and wherein one of the at least two doors is positioned higher than any of the other doors;', 'a. a combustible box housing having a bottom, four sides and a lid attached to at least one of the four sides, wherein the box further comprisesb. a plurality of wooden slats stacked onto one another, wherein each one of the plurality of wooden slats has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end and the second end of each wooden slat contacts a first end or a second end of another wooden slat, and wherein the plurality of wooden slats are arranged around a central chimney, and wherein the plurality of wooden slats are disposed within the combustible box; 'wherein as the cube burns, the fresh air enters the doors and exits from the opening, and wherein the air forms a vortex within the chimney.', 'd. a knock-out on the lid configured to permit the exhaust of hot gases, the removal of the knock-out providing an opening to the chimney,'}2. ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

Method of increasing lipid accumulation in metschnikowia pulcherrima cells

Номер: US20160002679A1
Принадлежит: University of Bath

The invention relates to a method of increasing lipid accumulation in Metschnikowia pulcherrima ( Candida pulcherrima ) cells. In particular, the invention relates to a method of obtaining oil from yeast pulcherimma cells. The invention further relates to an oil and the use of pulcherimma cells for production of oleaginous biomass.

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING LEAFY BIOMASS

Номер: US20170002373A1
Принадлежит:

A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. 116-. (canceled)17. A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells , the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells , contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system.18Arabidopsis.. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the plant cells are cells from a monocotyledon which is corn claim 17 , rye claim 17 , oat claim 17 , millet claim 17 , sugar cane claim 17 , sorghum claim 17 , maize claim 17 , wheat claim 17 , or rice claim 17 , or a dicotyledon which is tobacco claim 17 , tomato claim 17 , potato claim 17 , bean claim 17 , soybean claim 17 , carrot claim 17 , cassava claim 17 , or19AtropaHyoscyamusDaturaPapaverScopoliaDigitalisMacunaTaxusCamptothecaCephalotaxusCatharanthusArtemisia. A method according to wherein the plant cells are from a medicinal plant in which a main medicinal product is produced in the leaves claim 17 , the plant being selected sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , and sp. or sp.20MiscanthusJatrophaPanicum. A method according to wherein the plant cells are from an energy crop which is selected from sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , Willow claim 17 , Palm tree claim 17 , Maize claim 17 , Cassava claim 17 , or Poplar.21. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue is a plant hormone.22. A ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

Process for Mercury Removal

Номер: US20160003023A1
Принадлежит:

A predictive tool is provided for estimating the mercury content of hydrocarbons to be produced from a wellbore in a newly investigated subterranean hydrocarbon producing formation based on the mercury content of an inorganic sample recovered from the wellbore. The mercaptans content of liquid hydrocarbons and/or the hydrogen sulfide content of natural gas produced from the formation may also be used to enhance the prediction. Based on the predicted value, a mercury mitigation treatment may be provided to mitigate the mercury content of hydrocarbons produced from the formation. 1. A method for producing hydrocarbons having reduced mercury content from a newly investigated production zone in a subterranean formation , comprising: a mercury content of at least one inorganic matrix sample from each of the plurality of hydrocarbon production zones;', 'a mercaptans content of at least one liquid crude oil sample from each the plurality of production zones;', 'a hydrogen sulfide content of at least one natural gas sample from each of the plurality of production zones;, 'providing a knowledge base of data from a plurality of hydrocarbon production zones, the data correlating a mercury content of a hydrocarbon produced from each of the plurality of production zones with at least one ofevaluating the knowledge base of data using at least one measured value from a newly investigated production zone, the measured value selected from the group consisting of a mercury content of an inorganic matrix sample from the newly investigated production zone, a mercaptans content of a liquid crude oil sample from the newly investigated production zone, and a hydrogen sulfide content of a natural gas sample from the newly investigated production zone as inputs to the knowledge base;predicting the mercury content of the hydrocarbon to be produced from the newly investigated production zone; andproviding a mercury mitigation treatment for removing at least a portion of the mercury from the ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS

Номер: US20200002598A1
Принадлежит: LAMBERTI SPA

The present invention relates to a method to inhibit gas hydrate formation in the field of crude oil and natural gas extraction, transportation and processing. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , R(CO)— is the residue of a saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , linear or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid wherein at least 60% by weight of said acid contain less than 16 carbon atoms.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , Rand Rare the same and are a butyl group.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , Ris linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein Ris linear or branched alkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding to the mixture of hydrocarbons and water of the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I as a composition comprising between 20 and 95% by weight of said salt claim 1 , a solvent and other optional additives.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises between 45 and 90% by weight of said quaternary ammonium amide salt.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding to the mixture of hydrocarbons and water of between 0.1 and 8.0% by weight of quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I.9. The method of claim 8 , comprising of adding between 0.5 and 5.0% by weight of said quaternary ammonium amide salt. The present invention relates to a method to inhibit gas hydrate formation in the field of oil and natural gas extraction, transportation and processing.Gas hydrates (or clathrate hydrates, gas clathrates, clathrates, etc.) are crystalline water-based solids physically resembling ice, in which small non-polar hydrocarbon molecules (typically gases) are trapped inside “cages” of hydrogen bonded water molecules. In other words, gas hydrates are clathrate ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Номер: US20180002607A1

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin-rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre-solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

LIQUID BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20180002621A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a liquid biofuel comprising carbonaceous material particles having a D50 ranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm suspended in a liquid biodiesel composition. 1. A liquid biofuel comprising carbonaceous material particles having a Dranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm suspended in a liquid biodiesel composition.2. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles content is of at least 10% w/w of the said biofuel.3. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles have a size distribution defined by a Dranging from 1 μm to 50 μm.4. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles provide the size distribution as follows:{'sub': '10', 'Dfrom 1 to 50 μm, and'}{'sub': '90', 'Dfrom 50 to 500 μm.'}5. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles are selected from a group consisting of a vegetal biomass claim 1 , a coal claim 1 , a coke claim 1 , a graphite claim 1 , a char claim 1 , a biocoal claim 1 , and a combination thereof.6. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles consist of a torrefied biomass.7. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid biodiesel is based on esterified fat and/or oil originating from animal claim 1 , plant claim 1 , fungi or algae.8. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid biodiesel comprises esterified palm oil.9. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , further comprising water in an amount ranging from 0.5% w/w to 25% w/w.10. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , which does not comprise any added emulsifying agent or any surfactant compound.11. A method for preparing a biodiesel-based liquid biofuel claim 1 , the method comprising using carbonaceous material particles having a Dranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm.12. The liquid biofuel according to claim 2 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles content is of at ...

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