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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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05-01-2012 дата публикации

Biofuel containing levoglucosone and its production process from cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of an ionic liquid and an alkyl alcohol

Номер: US20120000116A1

Автор: Pedro Brito Correia

Принадлежит: Individual

The product Biofuel is presented as a motor fuel consisting of levoglucosone pure or mixed with ethanol and or hydrocarbons. Its production process from cellulose or starch uses in the first step, as a solvent and catalyst, a mixture of an alkyl alcohol, the ionic liquid N-alkyl imidazole hydrochloride and a small quantity of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the second step, levoglucosone is extracted with butanol. As butanol also extracts some N-alkyl imidazole, this is washed out by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Levoglucosone was identified by elemental analysis, NMR C13 and H and GC-MS.

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Номер записи: 1

12-01-2012 дата публикации

Methods and Compositions for the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Esters

Номер: US20120009636A1

Автор: Christian Perry Ridley, Dan Eric Robertson, David Arthur Berry, Frank Anthony Skraly, Martha Sholl, Noubar Boghos Afeyan, Regina Wilpiszeski

Принадлежит: Joule Unlimited Technologies Inc

The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into compounds such as esters and fatty acids. In certain embodiments, the compounds produced are secreted into the medium used to culture the organisms.

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Номер записи: 2

12-01-2012 дата публикации

Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants

Номер: US20120010112A1

Автор: Christian Tock, Cornelia RÖGER-GÖPFERT, Harald BÖHNKE, Ludwig Völkel, Wolfgang Grabarse

Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

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Номер записи: 3

05-04-2012 дата публикации

Method of producing biodiesel from a wet biomass

Номер: US20120079760A1

Автор: Phillip E. Savage, Robert Levine, Tanawan Pinnarat

Принадлежит: University of Michigan

A method of producing a biodiesel from a wet biomass is provided. The method includes providing the wet biomass that includes water and biomass solids. The method also includes heating the wet biomass at a first temperature and a first pressure for a time period ranging from 10 to 480 minutes to form an aqueous solution and a solid agglomerate containing a hydrolyzed lipid component. The method also includes step of transesterifying the hydrolyzed lipid component to form biodiesel.

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Номер записи: 4

31-05-2012 дата публикации

High cetane renewable fuels

Номер: US20120132183A1

Автор: Edward T. CASEY, Gary Clyde GUNTER, Matthew J. TRUITT, Thomasin C. Miller

Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Co

A method for reducing the emissions of a diesel engine using a RHE-diesel fuel.

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Номер записи: 5

28-06-2012 дата публикации

Renewable chemicals and fuels from oleaginous yeast

Номер: US20120164701A1

Автор: Anna Coragliotti, Anthony G. Day, Chung-Soon Im, Donald E. Trimbur, Harrison F. Dillon, Scott Franklin

Принадлежит: Solazyme Inc

The invention provides methods of cultivating oil-bearing microbes using xylose alone or in combination with other depolymerized cellulosic material. Also provided are microorganisms comprising an exogenous gene encoding a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, such as a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a pectinase, or a driselase. Some methods of microbial fermentation are provided that comprise the use of xylose and depolymerized cellulosic materials for the production of oil-bearing microorgansims.

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Номер записи: 6

12-07-2012 дата публикации

Methodology of post-transesterification processing of biodiesel resulting in high purity fame fractions and new fuels

Номер: US20120174473A1

Автор: Duane Johnson

Принадлежит: GREEN FUELS Ltd

A methodology for separation and subsequent handling of FAME fractions of biodiesel, comprising of the steps, providing a biodiesel containing several different FAME fractions mixed together, the biodiesel being at a first temperature wherein at the first temperature none of the FAME fractions of the biodiesel have crystallized; bringing the biodiesel to a first crystallizing temperature, wherein when the biodiesel reaches the first crystallizing temperature, a first FAME fraction remains in a non-crystallized, liquid phase while the remaining FAME fractions crystallize; and separating the liquid first FAME fraction from the remaining crystallized FAME fractions.

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Номер записи: 7

12-07-2012 дата публикации

Composition to improve cold flow properties of fuel oils

Номер: US20120174474A1

Автор: Jane Nenito, Jian Mike Liu, Markus Weber, Rene Koschabek, Ronny Sondjaja, Torsten Stoehr

Принадлежит: Evonik RohMax Additives GmbH

The present invention describes a composition comprising at least one polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 10000 g/mol and a polydispersity Mw/Mn of from 1 to 8 and at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue. The composition is useful as cold flow improver in fossil fuel oil and or biodiesel fuel oil.

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Номер записи: 8

02-08-2012 дата публикации

Fuel Additives Effectively Improving Fuel Economy

Номер: US20120192484A1

Автор: Yun Deng

Принадлежит: Individual

Enhanced fuel combustion within the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines which results in improved fuel economy is obtained by adding fuel additives to the gasoline or diesel. Consequently, the fuel additives reduce pollution of hydrocarbon in environment. The fuel additives are combination of aliphatic oxygenates, monocyclic aromatic compound, and petroleum ether. The aliphatic oxygenates may be methanol, acetone, or a mixture of methanol and acetone. The monocyclic aromatic compounds may be toluene, xylene, or a mixture of toluene and xylene. This invention further relates to the method that manufactures the fuel additives.

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Номер записи: 9

02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing woody biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable woody biomass particles and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197049A1

Автор: Stephen Daniel Matthews

Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Wood Phytoleum from woody Pinaceae and Myrtaceae biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition of matter through the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle and a phased multi-wash solvent system of extraction and refinement. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle by shearing and chipping, the application of a phased multi-wash solvent system to the solvent permeable particle utilizing a non-polar solvent together with a bridge solvent soluble in both the non-polar solvent and in water, the application of a final bridge solvent wash to the solvent permeable particle, a mechanism for washing the particles of the woody biomass within the multi-wash solvent system, a mechanism for the collection of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution from the multi-wash solvent system, the extraction of the solvent from the solvent saturated particles of the woody biomass and the discharge for continued use of the woody biomass, and a process and mechanism for the extraction, collection and refinement of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution to discharge the solvents for reuse and to collect the Wood Phytoleum liquid oil including Pinene A and Pinene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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Номер записи: 10

02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting mainly oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable batting mat and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197052A1

Автор: Stephen Daniel Matthews

Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Phytoleum from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of a batting mat and multi-phase solvent extraction. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of manufacturing a fibrous batting mat from the raw biomass, crushing the biomass, shearing the biomass with a rotating knives blade array, compressing the biomass by passing the biomass through press rollers, amalgonating the biomass into a Batting Mat, subjecting the Batting Mat to a phased multi-wash solvent system, extracting the solvents and oils liquid solution for recovery, subjecting the liquid solution to a centrifugation system to extract the Phytoleum hydrocarbon oil from the other components, and refining the final product to yield Phytoleum which is a composition of matter including Tirucallene A and Tirucallene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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Номер записи: 11

16-08-2012 дата публикации

Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel

Номер: US20120204480A1

Автор: Arlene Hernandez, Duck Joo Yang, James Kenneth Sanders, Richard W. Tock

Принадлежит: Individual

A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

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Номер записи: 12

23-08-2012 дата публикации

Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance

Номер: US20120210966A1

Автор: David P. CLEAVER, James WAGER, John Bennett, Julienne M. Galante-Fox, Matthew H. LINDNER, Scott D. Schwab

Принадлежит: Afton Chemical Corp

A diesel fuel additive package, diesel fuel containing the additive and methods for operating an engine on the diesel fuel and additive. The fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product contains at least one amino triazole group. Component (2) of the additive is a hydrocarbyl succinimide dispersant. The additive also includes (3) a C 2 to C 10 alkyl alcohol; and (4) optionally, a lubricity additive. In the additive, a weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) in the fuel ranges from about 1:3 to about 1:5.

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Номер записи: 13

04-10-2012 дата публикации

Fuels hydrocracking with dewaxing of fuel products

Номер: US20120248008A1

Автор: Michel Daage, Richard Dougherty, Stephen J. Mccarthy, Stuart S. Shih, William J. Novak

Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

This invention relates to a process involving hydrocracking and dewaxing of a feedstream in which a converted fraction can correspond to a majority of the product from the reaction system, while an unconverted fraction can exhibit improved properties. In this hydrocracking process, it can be advantageous for the yield of unconverted fraction for gasoline fuel application to be controlled to maintain desirable cold flow properties for the unconverted fraction. Catalysts and conditions can be chosen to assist in attaining, or to optimize, desirable product yields and/or properties.

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Номер записи: 14

01-11-2012 дата публикации

Biological Oils and Production and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20120272566A1

Автор: David Christian Martin, James Casey Lippmeier, Jon Milton Hansen, Joseph W. Pfeifer, III, Kirk E. Apt, Paul Warren Behrens, William Robert Barclay

Принадлежит: DSM IP ASSETS BV

The present invention provides biological oils and methods and uses thereof. The biological oils are preferably produced by heterotrophic fermentation of one or more microorganisms using cellulose-containing feedstock as a main source of carbon. The present invention also provides methods of producing lipid-based biofuels and food, nutritional, and pharmaceutical products using the biological oils.

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Номер записи: 15

01-11-2012 дата публикации

Process to Recover Alcohol with Reduced Water From Overhead of Acid Column

Номер: US20120277497A1

Автор: Adam OROSCO, Claudio Ribeiro, David Lee, Emily Duff, R. Jay Warner, Robert Alan Deck, Victor J. Johnston

Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

A process for recovering ethanol obtained from the hydrogenation of acetic acid. The crude ethanol product is separated in a column to produce a distillate stream comprising acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate and a residue stream comprising ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and water. The ethanol product is recovered from the residue stream.

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Номер записи: 16

22-11-2012 дата публикации

Method

Номер: US20120297507A1

Автор: Franck Michoux, James Gerard Mccarthy, Peter Nixon

Принадлежит: IMPERIAL INNOVATIONS LTD

A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. A method of producing a polypeptide in plant cells in vitro comprising: providing undifferentiated plant cells containing chloroplasts that carry a transgenic nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide, wherein the plant cells display homoplastomy; and propagating the cells according to the above method to produce leafy biomass containing the polypeptide.

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Номер записи: 17

13-12-2012 дата публикации

Method for reducing slag in biomass combustion

Номер: US20120312206A1

Автор: Hung-Ting Chen, Jitendra Shah, Nandakumar Srinivasan, Robert W. Dorner

Принадлежит: Nalco Co LLC

Biomass is quickly becoming an important feedstock for energy generation in power plants. Due to their composition and nature, certain biomass fuels contribute to slagging, fouling, and corrosion. This invention provides a novel method of reducing or suppressing slag deposition and/or cleaning deposited slag in energy production processes in which potassium-containing solid fuels are combusted. Besides acting as a slag suppressant, further advantages of this invention are that the additive has no detrimental side-effects on capital equipment, increases slag friability, decreases slag fouling rate, reduces heat transfer corrosion as well as increasing the lifetime of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

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Номер записи: 18

10-01-2013 дата публикации

Deoxygenation of fatty acids for preparation of hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130008080A1

Автор: Heather M. Brown, James F. White, Karl O. Albrecht, Richard T. Hallen

Принадлежит: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc

Embodiments of methods for making renewable diesel by deoxygenating (decarboxylating/decarbonylating/dehydrating) fatty acids to produce hydrocarbons are disclosed. Fatty acids are exposed to a catalyst selected from a) Pt and MO 3 on ZrO 2 (M is W, Mo, or a combination thereof), or b) Pt/Ge or Pt/Sn on carbon, and the catalyst decarboxylates at least 10% of the fatty acids. In particular embodiments, the catalyst consists essentially of 0.7 wt % Pt and 12 wt % WO 3 , relative to a mass of catalyst, or the catalyst consists essentially of a) 5 wt % Pt and b) 0.5 wt % Ge or 0.5 wt % Sn, relative to a mass of catalyst. Deoxygenation is performed without added hydrogen and at less than 100 psi. Disclosed embodiments of the catalysts deoxygenate at least 10% of fatty acids in a fatty acid feed, and remain capable of deoxygenating fatty acids for at least 200 minutes to more than 350 hours.

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Номер записи: 19

31-01-2013 дата публикации

Fuel composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound

Номер: US20130025513A1

Автор: Allen A. Aradi, May Duffield

Принадлежит: Afton Chemical Corp

A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

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Номер записи: 20

07-02-2013 дата публикации

Diesel fuel compositions for high pressure fuel systems

Номер: US20130031827A1

Автор: Jacqueline Reid, Simon Mulqueen, Vincent Burgess

Принадлежит: Innospec Ltd

A diesel fuel composition comprising, as an additive, a quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 1 is a C 1 to C 22 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 2 and R 3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R 4 is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 22 alkyl group.

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Номер записи: 21

14-02-2013 дата публикации

Fuel compositions and fuel thickeners, including monoglycerides

Номер: US20130040249A1

Автор: Daniel Perlman

Принадлежит: Perlman Consulting LLC

Various aspects of the present invention generally relate to the field of rheologically modified fuels, including hydrocarbon, hydrophobic, and/or liquid fuels such as alkane-based odorless mineral spirits, paraffin oil and biofuels such as mono-alkyl esters of medium to long chain (C 8 -C 18 ) fatty acids, that have been thickened or gelled, e.g., by precipitation of fatty acid monoglycerides such as glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate. A thickened fire lighting fuel composition is described in some embodiments which includes a hydrocarbon- or alkyl ester-based hydrophobic liquid fuel, and an effective amount of at least one saturated fatty acid monoglyceride. The monoglyceride may be thermo-precipitated in certain instances in the fuel composition causing a substantial increase in the viscosity of the fuel composition.

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Номер записи: 22

14-02-2013 дата публикации

Process for operating a utility boiler and methods therefor

Номер: US20130040250A1

Автор: Thomas J. Wolferseder

Принадлежит: Environmental Energy Services Inc

A process for operating a utility boiler. The process has the following steps: (a) providing fuel to the boiler; (b) providing one or more additives selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more slag control agents, (ii) one or more oxygen-generating agents, (iii) one or more acid mitigation agents, (iv) one or more fouling prevention agents, (v) one or more oxidizer agents, (vi) one or more heavy metal capturing agents, and (vii) any combination of the foregoing to the boiler or an auxiliary device thereof; (c) providing air to the boiler; (d) burning the fuel in the boiler to generate heat and an exhaust gas; (e) intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more physical and/or chemical parameters of the fuel and/or intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more emissions variables of the exhaust gas to obtain one or more values therefor; and (f) varying or maintaining the rate at which either or both of the fuel and the one or more additives are provided to the boiler based on the one or more values obtained.

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Номер записи: 23

25-04-2013 дата публикации

Engineered fuel feed stock useful for displacement of coal in coal firing plants

Номер: US20130097921A1

Автор: Dingrong Bai, Paula A. Calabrese

Принадлежит: Re Community Energy LLC

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including co-firing with coal and as substitutes for coal.

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Номер записи: 24

02-05-2013 дата публикации

Dye-stable biofuel blend compositions

Номер: US20130104447A1

Автор: Marc-Andre Poirier

Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

The disclosure relates to a dye-stable furnace fuel composition comprising: about 10 to 99 parts by volume of a mineral oil component having an effective boiling range from about 160° C. to about 380° C.; about 1 to 90 parts by volume of a biocomponent fuel component comprising C 1 -C 5 alkyl esterified fatty acids from renewable sources; one or more azo dye components present in an amount from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg, relative to the total fuel composition; and a tert-butyl-functionalized hydroquinone antioxidant component present in an amount of at least about 50 vppm, relative to the fuel composition, wherein the fuel composition exhibits an increased dye stability, relative to a fuel composition having similar mineral oil and biocomponent fuel components and identical azo dye component(s), but having a different or no antioxidant component.

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Номер записи: 25

16-05-2013 дата публикации

Diesel microemulsion biofuels

Номер: US20130118058A1

Автор: Jacob Issac Abraham, John David McLennan, Melisa Saleb Ramallo, Thu Thi Le Nguyen

Принадлежит: University of Utah Research Foundation UURF

A biofuel can include a diesel fuel, a plant oil, an alcohol viscosity reducer that is either a mixture of a butanol and a C 1 -C 3 alcohol or solely butanol, and a surfactant present at no more than about 1.0% v/v. The biofuel exists as a clear, stable microemulsion at from about −10° C. to about 70° C. with the cloud point and pour point lower than −10° C.

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Номер записи: 26

16-05-2013 дата публикации

Synthesis of High Caloric Fuels and Chemicals

Номер: US20130118063A1

Автор: Jan Zygmunt, John Henri, Mark Bergren, Robert Zubrin

Принадлежит: PIONEER ENERGY INC

In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

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Номер записи: 27

23-05-2013 дата публикации

Synergistic mixture

Номер: US20130130956A1

Автор: Arno Lange, Dietmar Posselt

Принадлежит: Individual

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

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Номер записи: 28

01-08-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: US20130196386A1

Автор: Marshall Medoff

Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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Номер записи: 29

29-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods for making and distributing batches of butane-enriched gasoline

Номер: US20130225883A1

Автор: Larry D. Mattingly, Steven M. Vanderbur

Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Disclosed are automated methods and systems for certifying the volatility of butane-enriched gasoline downstream of a butane blending operation. Such automated methods and systems provide significant advantages to comply with volatility requirements imposed by EPA or state regulations.

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Номер записи: 30

26-09-2013 дата публикации

Fire starter

Номер: US20130247455A1

Автор: Anil Torgalkar, Lionel Xavier, Vilambi Reddy

Принадлежит: Apptec Inc

The Present Invention is a fire starting device for use as kindling manufactured from pine straw, as the primary component, a vegetable oil, natural resins, and an herbal component. The composition of the device differs from prior art devices that burn petroleum hydrocarbons. The device is hollow, having at least one vertical channel and at least one horizontal channel drilled from the outer wall of the device to the inner vertical channel. The fire starter device is ignited from the top, and it burns to produce a high, intense flame that ignites other flammable materials having a much greater kindling temperature. The height of the flame and the burn duration are controlled by the overall size of the device and the sizes of the channels. The device burns clean with a minimum of smoke and harmful or noxious fumes. Burning the device minimally creates air pollution. It burns completely with a minimum of ash residue.

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Номер записи: 31

03-10-2013 дата публикации

Process for preparing biodiesel from renewable grease with lipase as catalyst and online dehydration

Номер: US20130260428A1

Автор: Dehua Liu, Luole Zhu, Wei Du, Xuebing Zhao

Принадлежит: TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY

Disclosed is a process for preparing biodiesel from renewable oil and fat catalyzed by lipase with online dehydration. The method uses a short chain alcohol ROH as an acyl-acceptor, and utilizes a lipase as the catalyst to catalyze transesterification reaction of oil and fat feedstock with said short chain alcohol, so as to synthesize biodiesel; and online dehydration with a membrane or a molecular sieve is carried out during the whole process or part of the reaction process. Such online dehydration process greatly simplifies the operation procedure, and provides good economic and environmental benefits.

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Номер записи: 32

17-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass and petroleum containing materials

Номер: US20130273612A1

Автор: Marshall Medoff

Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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Номер записи: 33

31-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing Biomass Containing Materials

Номер: US20130288307A1

Автор: Marshall Medoff

Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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Номер записи: 34

02-01-2014 дата публикации

Fuel additive for heavy oil, and fuel oil comprising same

Номер: US20140000156A1

Автор: Young Seo Lee

Принадлежит: Individual

Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.

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Номер записи: 35

02-01-2014 дата публикации

Fuel and engine oil composition and its use

Номер: US20140000540A1

Автор: Joseph Michael Russo, Timothy Michael Shea

Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A composition is provided that contains a major amount of a hydrocarbon base fluid having a viscosity of up to 600 cST at 40 ° C. and (b) a minor amount of a micronized cellulose acetate butyrate having a particle size distribution on average of less than 30 microns. The compositions reduce and control the friction coefficient and anti-wear film of hydrocarbon base fluids.

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Номер записи: 36

02-01-2014 дата публикации

Process for making isooctenes from aqueous isobutanol

Номер: US20140005443A1

Автор: Edward S. Miller, Jr., Jeffrey P. Knapp, Leo Ernest Manzer, Michael B. D'amore

Принадлежит: EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co

The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making isooctenes using a reactant comprising isobutanol and water. The isooctenes so produced are useful for the production of fuel additives.

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Номер записи: 37

23-01-2014 дата публикации

Use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and a nitrogen compound to reduce fuel consumption

Номер: US20140020285A1

Автор: Hannah Marie KOENIG, Harald Boehnke, Ludwig Voelkel, Marc Walter, Markus Hansch

Принадлежит: BASF SE

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

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Номер записи: 38

06-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels

Номер: US20140059924A1

Автор: Carl T. Lira, Dennis J. Miller, Evan Bittner, Navinchandra S. Asthana

Принадлежит: Michigan State University MSU

A process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuel or additive to a petroleum fuel for use in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The process preferably provides a partial transesterification of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters with at least one alkyl alcohol containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst to produce a mixture of the fatty acid methyl esters and alkyl alcohol esters of the fatty acids.

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Номер записи: 39

20-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

Номер: US20140075834A1

Автор: Daniel J. Despen, James A. Mennell

Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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Номер записи: 40

01-01-2015 дата публикации

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

Номер: US20150000186A1

Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham

Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

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Номер записи: 41

05-01-2017 дата публикации

HEAT GENERATION SEGMENT FOR AN AEROSOL-GENERATION SYSTEM OF A SMOKING ARTICLE

Номер: US20170000188A1

Автор: Duggins Donna Walker, Gerardi Anthony Richard, Jackson Thaddeus J., Nordskog Brian Keith

Принадлежит:

A fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article is provided, the fuel element including a combustible carbonaceous material in an amount of at least 25% by dry weight, based on the weight of the fuel element, and a particulate ignition aid dispersed throughout the fuel element and selected from ceramic particles, cellulose particles, fullerenes, impregnated activated carbon particles, inorganic salts, and combinations thereof, wherein the average particle size of the ignition aid is less than about 1,000 microns. Also provided are elongate smoking articles having a lighting end and an opposed mouth end, and including the above-noted fuel element configured for ignition of the lighting end. 1. A fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article , comprising:(a) a combustible carbonaceous material in an amount of at least 25% by dry weight, based on the weight of the fuel element; and(b) a particulate ignition aid dispersed throughout the fuel element and selected from the group consisting of ceramic particles, cellulose particles, fullerenes, impregnated activated carbon particles, inorganic salts, and combinations thereof, wherein the average particle size of the ignition aid is less than about 1,000 microns and with the proviso that when the ignition aid is an inorganic salt, the inorganic salt is present in an amount of no more than about 0.5 dry weight percent based on the total dry weight of the fuel element.2. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the particulate ignition aid is non-catalytic.3. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises ceramic particles or cellulose particles having an average particle size of less than about 500 microns claim 1 , the ceramic particles being glass bubbles or cenospheres.4. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises glass bubbles having an average particle size of about 10 to about 300 microns.5. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises cellulose particles ...

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Номер записи: 42

06-01-2022 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20220002627A1

Автор: BERA Tushar, GRIFFITHS Claire, SMITH Alastair Graham, SOUTHBY Mark Clift

Принадлежит:

A fuel composition comprising a base fuel and at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive, wherein the viscosity index (VI) improving additive is a functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer. The viscosity index (VI) improving additive provides improved power output and/or acceleration characteristics. 1. A fuel composition comprising a base fuel and at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive , wherein the viscosity index (VI) improving additive is a functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer.2. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer is produced from reacting an olefin copolymer with a functionalizing component selected from amines claim 1 , amides claim 1 , nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds or alcohols.3. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer is produced from grafting an olefin copolymer with a grafting material and then reacting the grafted material with a functionalizing component selected from amines claim 1 , amides claim 1 , nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds or alcohols.4. The fuel composition according to wherein the olefin copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene with a Cto Colefin.5. The fuel composition according to wherein the Cto Colefin is selected from propylene claim 4 , butylene claim 4 , butadiene claim 4 , isoprene claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The fuel composition according to wherein the olefin copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.7. The fuel composition according to wherein the grafting material is an unsaturated acid.8. The fuel composition according to wherein the grafting material is maleic anhydride.9. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalizing component is an amine.10. The fuel composition according to wherein the amine is an aromatic amine.11. The fuel composition according to wherein the aromatic amine is N-phenyl-1 claim 10 ,4-phenylenediamine.12. The fuel composition ...

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Номер записи: 43

06-01-2022 дата публикации

EMULSIFER AND EMULSIONS

Номер: US20220002628A1

Автор: Redman James

Принадлежит:

There is provided an emulsifier comprising at least one Cto Cfatty acid diethanolamide, at least one Cto Cfatty acid, at least one Cto Calcohol ethoxylate and optionally at least one sorbitan ester and/or at least one alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. There is additionally provided emulsions comprising a fuel, water and an emulsifier and methods of producing emulsions. 1. An composition comprising:at least one Cs to Cis fatty acid diethanolamide;at least one C12 to C24 fatty acid; and{'sub': '6', 'at least one Cto Cis alcohol ethoxylate;'}wherein the composition is useful as an emulsifier.2. A composition according to comprising:a fuel comprising at least one of diesel, low sulphur diesel, biodiesel and heavy fuel oil;less than or equal to 30 wt % water{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'from 0.5 to 15 wt % of the emulsifier of .'}3. A composition according to comprising:60-90 wt % of the at least one Cs to Cis fatty acid diethanolamide;2-10 wt % of the at least one C12 to C24 fatty acid; and{'sub': '6', '5-20 wt % of the at least one Cto Cis alcohol ethoxylate.'}4. An composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said emulsifier does not comprise naphtha.5. A composition according to comprising:a fuel comprising at least one of diesel, low sulphur diesel and heavy fuel oil, wherein the fuel does not contain any bio-components;less than or equal to 20 wt % water; andthe emulsifier,wherein the emulsifier:water volume ratio is from 1.5:1 to 1:2.9,wherein the composition is a nanemulsion.6. A composition according to comprising:50-75 wt % of the at least one Cs to Cis fatty acid diethanolamide;2-10 wt % of the at least one C12 to C24 fatty acid;{'sub': '6', '5-20 wt % of the at least one Cto Cis alcohol ethoxylate; and'}10-40 wt % of at least one sorbitan esters.7. A composition according to claim 6 , wherein said emulsifier does not comprise naphtha.8. A composition according to comprising:a fuel comprising at least one of diesel, low sulphur diesel, ...

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Номер записи: 44

06-01-2022 дата публикации

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus for Removing Carbon

Номер: US20220003163A1

Автор: Thoma Steven G., Thompson Bernie C.

Принадлежит:

The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine. 1. A method of removing existing carbonaceous deposits from an internal combustion engine with a fuel additive; the engine including an induction system , one or more cylinders , and an exhaust system; the carbonaceous deposits are of the type built up over time during the operation of the engine (hereinafter referred to as “carbon deposits”); the method including the steps of:selecting a terpene;blending the selected terpene with the fuel used to run the engine, the percentage of the terpene in the fuel stock being sufficient to solubilize carbon deposits;running the engine;utilizing the terpene in the fuel stock to solubilize at least some the carbon deposits in at least one of the induction system, cylinders and exhaust system;removing the solubilized carbon deposits while the engine is running; andburning the solubilized and removed carbon deposits with the fuel stock in the cylinders as part of the normal combustion process.2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the terpene is selected from the group of oil of turpentine (TPT) claim 1 , y-terpinene (y-T) claim 1 , p-cymene (p-C) claim 1 , terpinolene (TO) claim 1 , alpha-pinene (A-p) claim 1 , (−)-beta-pinene (b-p) claim 1 , camphene (ch) claim 1 , 3-carene (3-c) claim 1 , R-(+)-limonene claim 1 , and S-(−)-limonene.3. The method as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the fuel stock ...

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Номер записи: 45

02-01-2020 дата публикации

Biorefining Method

Номер: US20200001268A1

Автор: Downie Robert, Humphreys Leonard James, Maschmeyer Thomas, Rowlands William

Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to improved methods for the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and a solid substrate, wherein the solid substrate constitutes between 5% and 15% of the total combined mass of the solid substrate and organic matter feedstock in the reaction mixture;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture; sequesters organic and/or inorganic matter that de-solubilises within the reaction mixture or the product mixture; and/or', 'alters one or more flow characteristics of the reaction mixture and/or the product mixture in the reactor vessel., 'wherein the solid substrate is solid or substantially solid at the reaction temperature and pressure and;'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating is performed under continuous flow conditions.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid substrate is inert or substantially inert at the reaction temperature and pressure.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid substrate is a carbonaceous material comprising at least 50% claim 1 , at least 60% claim 1 , at least 70% claim 1 , at least 80% claim 1 , or at least 90% by weight carbon.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid substrate is:(a) selected from the group consisting of: coals, anthracitic coal, meta-anthracite, anthracite, semianthracite, bituminous ...

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Номер записи: 46

07-01-2016 дата публикации

DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC CHLORIDE IN ALKYLATE USING METALS AND ALLOYS

Номер: US20160002542A1

Автор: Lacheen Howard Steven

Принадлежит: Chevron U.S.A. INC.

Processes for decomposing organic chloride in a hydrocarbon stream may comprise contacting a hydrocarbon stream with a dechlorination element in a dechlorination zone under dechlorination conditions to provide a dechlorinated hydrocarbon product, wherein the dechlorination element may comprise a metal or metal alloy having a high surface area configuration. Such a dechlorination element may be disposed within one or more distillation columns and/or within a separate dechlorination vessel. 1. A dechlorination process , comprising:a) providing a hydrocarbon stream comprising an alkylate product in combination with an organic chloride contaminant; and{'sup': 2', '−3, 'b) contacting the hydrocarbon stream under dechlorination conditions in a dechlorination zone with a dechlorination element having a surface area per unit volume in the range from 250 to 1000 m·mto decompose the organic chloride and to provide a dechlorinated alkylate product, wherein the dechlorination element has a metal surface comprising a metal alloy.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dechlorination element comprises from 90 to 100 wt % of the metal alloy.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:the metal surface of the dechlorination element is of uniform composition, andthe metal alloy is selected from the group consisting of an Fe based alloy, a Ni based alloy, and a Cu based alloy.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal alloy comprises at least 90 wt % Fe claim 1 , and an alloying element selected from the group consisting of Al claim 1 , B claim 1 , C claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , N claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , S claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , W claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal surface of the dechlorination element consists essentially of the metal alloy.6. The process according to ...

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Номер записи: 47

07-01-2016 дата публикации

Processes for converting biomass to btx with low sulfur, nitrogen and olefin content via a catalytic fast pyrolysis process

Номер: US20160002544A1

Автор: Charles M. Sorensen, Jr., Ruozhi Song, Terry J. Mazanec

Принадлежит: Anellotech Inc

Methods of separating and purifying products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and purified using a hydrotreating step that reduces the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen components, and hydrogenates olefins to produce aromatic products that meet commercial quality specifications.

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Номер записи: 48

07-01-2016 дата публикации

System and method for converting food waste into fuel

Номер: US20160002549A1

Автор: Eun Ju Kim, Tae Hyung Kim

Принадлежит: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology KICT

A system for converting food waste into fuel includes at least one thermal decomposition reactor. The at least one thermal decomposition reactor is configured to transfer an organic waste, that is, food waste, through a region on which a sunlight is concentrated by at least one solar concentrator. A fermenter is disposed at a front end of the at least one thermal decomposition reactor, and any thermal energy remaining after being used in the at least one thermal decomposition reactor is additionally used in fermentation of the food waste. A method of converting food waste into fuel is also provided.

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Номер записи: 49

07-01-2016 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Preparing Fuel From Biomass

Номер: US20160002555A1

Автор: Rune Brusletto, Wolfgang Plückhahn

Принадлежит: Arbaflame Technology As

Method and apparatus for preparation of fuel from biomass wherein the biomass is subjected to a heat treatment in a temperature range from 150 to 300 C, in a reactor pressurized with steam and air, wherein the pressure at completed treatment is released. The volume increase of steam and other gases from the pressure release is temporarily accumulated in a container of a flexible volume while steam and other gases are subjected to heat exchange in at least one heat exchanger so that condensable gases are condensed and release their heat of condensation in the at least one heat exchanger.

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Номер записи: 50

07-01-2016 дата публикации

HIGH SULFUR FUEL PELLET WITH REDUCED SO2 EMISSION

Номер: US20160002556A1

Автор: Blackmon Donald Ray, Byrd, SR. Gerald Joseph

Принадлежит:

The present description relates to a method and system for generating a fuel from high sulfur fuel waste materials having a reduced SO2 emission. In one example, the fuel may include petroleum coke, a biomass constituent, and an alkali substituent. Further in another example, the fuel may include iron oxide catalyst increasing the capture of SO2. 1. A fuel comprising:petroleum coke, having a sulfur content up to 5.5%;a biomass constituent;an alkali constituent adapted to capture SO2 emissions by reacting with sulfur of the petroleum coke upon burn of the fuel; and 'wherein the petroleum coke, the biomass constituent, the alkali constituent, and the iron oxide catalyst are combined to form a fuel with decreased SO2 emissions at temperatures at or above 750 C.', 'an iron oxide catalyst reducing SO2 emissions to less than 10 percent;'}2. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is in the form of one or more of a briquette claim 1 , powder claim 1 , bead claim 1 , and various agglomerates.3. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the alkali constituent is one of limestone claim 1 , lime or sodium base alkali.4. The fuel of claim 3 , wherein the alkali constituent comprising lime is slaked.5. The fuel of claim 1 , further comprising one or more surfactants incorporated in the alkali constituent.6. The fuel of wherein the biomass constituent is wood waste.7. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the biomass constituent includes a volatile to increase combustibility of the petroleum coke.8. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the alkali constituent is processed to increase surface area of the alkali constituent claim 1 , wherein processing includes grinding the alkali constituent claim 1 , and wherein the increased surface area captures an increased amount of SO2.9. A fuel comprising:petroleum coke, having a sulfur content up to 5.5%;a biomass constituent to provide volatiles;an SO2 sorbent to capture SO2 emissions upon burn of the fuel; and{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'claim-text': {'sub': 2', '3, ' ...

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Номер записи: 51

07-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS FROM PLANT LIPIDS

Номер: US20160002566A1

Автор: El Tahchy Anna, Leita Benjamin Aldo, Liu Qing, Petrie James Robertson, Reynolds Kyle, Singh Surinder Pal, Vanhercke Thomas

Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

The present invention relates to methods of producing industrial products from plant lipids, particularly from vegetative parts of plants. In particular, the present invention provides oil products such as biodiesel and synthetic diesel and processes for producing these, as well as plants having an increased level of one or more non-polar lipids such as triacylglycerols and an increased total non-polar lipid content. In one particular embodiment, the present invention relates to combinations of modifications in two or more of lipid handling enzymes, oil body proteins, decreased lipid catabolic enzymes and/or transcription factors regulating lipid biosynthesis to increase the level of one or more non-polar lipids and/or the total non-polar lipid content and/or mono-unsaturated fatty acid content in plants or any part thereof. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for extracting lipids. In another embodiment, the lipid is converted to one or more hydrocarbon products in harvested plant vegetative parts to produce alkyl esters of the fatty acids which are suitable for use as a renewable biodiesel fuel. 2. The process of claim 1 , which is characterised by one or more or all of:(i) the vegetative plant parts have a dry weight of at least 1 kg,(ii) the vegetative plant parts have a total non-polar lipid content of at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, or between 30% and 75% on a dry weight basis,(iii) the composition has a solids concentration between 5% and 90%(iv) the catalysts comprises NaOH or KOH or both, preferably at a concentration of 0.1M to 2M,(v) the treatment time is between 1 and 60 minutes, preferably between 10 and 60 minutes, preferably between 15 and 30 minutes,(vi) if the solvent is water the process produces a yield of the oil product between a minimum of 36%, 37%, 38%, 39% or 40% and a maximum of 55% or 60% by weight relative to the dry weight of the vegetative plant parts,(vii) if the ...

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Номер записи: 52

07-01-2016 дата публикации

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS AND METHODS OF USING EXTRACTION PRODUCTS

Номер: US20160002567A1

Автор: Bruinsma Keith, Endres Donald, Furcich Steven J.

Принадлежит:

A process for extraction of crude oil from distillers dried grain solubles and/or distillers dried grains and producing corn distillers meal that may be used as a livestock supplement is disclosed. For example, the corn distillers meal may be used as a crude protein supplement for use in a livestock feed diet or a poultry feed diet. The solvent extracted crude oil may be suitable for oleochemical processing for personal care and home care products, biodiesel production, and/or renewable diesel production from hydro-treating the extracted oil to make green diesel fuel. 1. A facility for solvent extraction of distillers dried grains with solubles , distillers dried grains , or both , comprising:a solvent extraction facility configured to extract crude plant oil from the distillers dried grains with solubles, the distillers dried grains, or both, thereby producing distillers meal,wherein the solvent extraction facility is configured to extract crude plant oil from distillers dried grains with solubles, the distillers dried grains, or both, using an extraction process using a non-polar solvent having a boiling point in the range of about 36° C. to about 99° C., thereby producing distillers meal comprising a crude protein content ranging from about 28% to about 35% by weight on, a crude fat content ranging from about 0.25% to about 6% by weight, and a content of phosphorous and phosphorous containing compounds ranging from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm.2. The facility for solvent extraction of claim 1 , wherein the distillers meal further comprises an initial sulfur and sulfur containing compounds in an amount of about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm.3. The facility for solvent extraction of claim 2 , wherein the distillers dried grains with solubles is a corn distiller dried grains with solubles and the distillers meal is a corn distillers meal.4. The facility for solvent extraction of claim 3 , wherein the corn distiller dried grains with solubles or the corn distillers meal is ...

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Номер записи: 53

05-01-2017 дата публикации

Use Of Compounds Revealing The Efficiency Of Filterability Additives In Hydrocarbon Distillates, And Synergic Composition Containing Same

Номер: US20170002283A1

Автор: CHEVROT Erwan, DALIX Laurent, DOLMAZON Nelly, TORT Frédéric

Принадлежит: TOTAL RAFFINAGE MARKETING

The invention relates to the use, in a hydrocarbon distillate with a boiling temperature of between 150 and 450° C. and a crystallization onset temperature as measured by Differential calorimetric Analysis of greater than or equal to −50° C., preferably of −5° C. to +10° C., of a homopolymer obtained from an olefinic ester of carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms and from a fatty alcohol containing a chain of more than 16 carbon atoms and optionally an olefinic double bond, as a compound for revealing the efficiency of filterability additives based on copolymer and/or terpolymers of ethylene and of vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and of a monoalcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The invention is also directed to an additive composition comprising a conventional hydrocarbon filterability additive in combination with an efficiency reveal additive, and also to the combustion fuels, motor fuel and oil fuel that comprise these additive combinations. 1. A composition comprising a mixture further comprising:A) a filterability additive based on a copolymer and/or terpolymer of ethylene and of a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid with 2 to 5 carbon atoms and of a monoalcohol comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; andB) a polvacrylate comprising side hydrocarborn chains with 18-40, wherein the polyacrvlate is not a polymethacrylate;A and B being in a ratio producing a synergic effect as regards the filterability temperature LFT as measured according to the NF EN116 standard, of hydrocarbon distillates with a boiling temperature comprised between 150 and 450° C. and an onset crystallization temperature as measured by differential scanning calorimetry analysis greater than or equal to −5° C.2. A composition comprising (A) from 85 to 99% by weight of at least one filterability additive based on a copolymer and/or terpolymer of ethylene and of a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid with 2 to 5 carbon atoms , of a monoalcohol comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ...

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Номер записи: 54

07-01-2016 дата публикации

Method of increasing lipid accumulation in metschnikowia pulcherrima cells

Номер: US20160002679A1

Автор: Christopher CHUCK, Fabio SANTOMAURO, Roderick Scott

Принадлежит: University of Bath

The invention relates to a method of increasing lipid accumulation in Metschnikowia pulcherrima ( Candida pulcherrima ) cells. In particular, the invention relates to a method of obtaining oil from yeast pulcherimma cells. The invention further relates to an oil and the use of pulcherimma cells for production of oleaginous biomass.

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Номер записи: 55

05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING LEAFY BIOMASS

Номер: US20170002373A1

Автор: McCarthy James, Michoux Franck, NIXON Peter

Принадлежит:

A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. 116-. (canceled)17. A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells , the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells , contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system.18Arabidopsis.. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the plant cells are cells from a monocotyledon which is corn claim 17 , rye claim 17 , oat claim 17 , millet claim 17 , sugar cane claim 17 , sorghum claim 17 , maize claim 17 , wheat claim 17 , or rice claim 17 , or a dicotyledon which is tobacco claim 17 , tomato claim 17 , potato claim 17 , bean claim 17 , soybean claim 17 , carrot claim 17 , cassava claim 17 , or19AtropaHyoscyamusDaturaPapaverScopoliaDigitalisMacunaTaxusCamptothecaCephalotaxusCatharanthusArtemisia. A method according to wherein the plant cells are from a medicinal plant in which a main medicinal product is produced in the leaves claim 17 , the plant being selected sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , and sp. or sp.20MiscanthusJatrophaPanicum. A method according to wherein the plant cells are from an energy crop which is selected from sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , sp claim 17 , Willow claim 17 , Palm tree claim 17 , Maize claim 17 , Cassava claim 17 , or Poplar.21. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue is a plant hormone.22. A ...

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Номер записи: 56

02-01-2020 дата публикации

GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS

Номер: US20200002598A1

Автор: Balestrini Andrea, Floridi Giovanni, Giardini Lorenzo, Li Bassi Giuseppe, PARINI Mauro

Принадлежит: LAMBERTI SPA

The present invention relates to a method to inhibit gas hydrate formation in the field of crude oil and natural gas extraction, transportation and processing. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , R(CO)— is the residue of a saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , linear or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid wherein at least 60% by weight of said acid contain less than 16 carbon atoms.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , Rand Rare the same and are a butyl group.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , Ris linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein Ris linear or branched alkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding to the mixture of hydrocarbons and water of the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I as a composition comprising between 20 and 95% by weight of said salt claim 1 , a solvent and other optional additives.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises between 45 and 90% by weight of said quaternary ammonium amide salt.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding to the mixture of hydrocarbons and water of between 0.1 and 8.0% by weight of quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I.9. The method of claim 8 , comprising of adding between 0.5 and 5.0% by weight of said quaternary ammonium amide salt. The present invention relates to a method to inhibit gas hydrate formation in the field of oil and natural gas extraction, transportation and processing.Gas hydrates (or clathrate hydrates, gas clathrates, clathrates, etc.) are crystalline water-based solids physically resembling ice, in which small non-polar hydrocarbon molecules (typically gases) are trapped inside “cages” of hydrogen bonded water molecules. In other words, gas hydrates are clathrate ...

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Номер записи: 57

04-01-2018 дата публикации

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Номер: US20180002607A1

Автор: Anders Jensen, Anker Degn Jensen, Joachim Bachmann Nielsen

Принадлежит: Danish Technical University, KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin-rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre-solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

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Номер записи: 58

04-01-2018 дата публикации

LIQUID BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20180002621A1

Автор: CASTAING Jean-Christophe, FAY Hélène, GRESSER Robert, Pavageau Bertrand, QI Ling, TADMOURI Rawad

Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a liquid biofuel comprising carbonaceous material particles having a D50 ranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm suspended in a liquid biodiesel composition. 1. A liquid biofuel comprising carbonaceous material particles having a Dranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm suspended in a liquid biodiesel composition.2. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles content is of at least 10% w/w of the said biofuel.3. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles have a size distribution defined by a Dranging from 1 μm to 50 μm.4. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles provide the size distribution as follows:{'sub': '10', 'Dfrom 1 to 50 μm, and'}{'sub': '90', 'Dfrom 50 to 500 μm.'}5. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles are selected from a group consisting of a vegetal biomass claim 1 , a coal claim 1 , a coke claim 1 , a graphite claim 1 , a char claim 1 , a biocoal claim 1 , and a combination thereof.6. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles consist of a torrefied biomass.7. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid biodiesel is based on esterified fat and/or oil originating from animal claim 1 , plant claim 1 , fungi or algae.8. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid biodiesel comprises esterified palm oil.9. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , further comprising water in an amount ranging from 0.5% w/w to 25% w/w.10. The liquid biofuel according to claim 1 , which does not comprise any added emulsifying agent or any surfactant compound.11. A method for preparing a biodiesel-based liquid biofuel claim 1 , the method comprising using carbonaceous material particles having a Dranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm.12. The liquid biofuel according to claim 2 , wherein the carbonaceous material particles content is of at ...

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Номер записи: 59

04-01-2018 дата публикации

Process of Making Biochar From Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20180002622A1

Автор: Catto Michael L, Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M

Принадлежит:

A process for making a biochar composition by passing renewable organic-carbon-containing feedstock through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content followed by introducing beneficiated feedstock into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A process of making processed biochar comprising:passing renewable unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that includes free water, intercellular water, intracellular water, intracellular water-soluble salts, and at least some plant cells comprising cell walls that include lignin, hemicellulose, and microfibrils within fibrils through a beneficiation sub-system to produce processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock having a water content of less than 20 wt % and a salt content that is reduced by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock; andpassing the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock an oxygen-deprived thermal sub-system process to produce processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beneficiation sub-system process comprises:exposing the unprocessed feedstock to hot solvent under pressure for a time at conditions specific to the feedstock to make some regions of the cell walls comprising crystallized cellulosic fibrils, lignin, and hemicellulose more able to be penetrable by water-soluble salts without dissolving more than 25 percent of the lignin and hemicellulose;removing the pressure so as to penetrate the more ...

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Номер записи: 60

02-01-2020 дата публикации

Production Processes, Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses

Номер: US20200002621A1

Автор: Osterloh James D., Spitzauer Michael P.

Принадлежит: GPI PATENT HOLDING LLC

The present disclosure provides production processes that can include exposing a carbon-based material to liquid media to form hydrocarbon fuel. Waste to fuel conversion processes as well as waste material processing reactors are provided that can be configured to convert waste to fuel. Heat exchangers, power generation processes and combustion turbine exhaust apparatus are also provided. Fuel generation processes and generation systems are provided. Reaction media conduit systems as well as processes for servicing reactant media pumps coupled to both inlet and outlet conduits containing reactant media, are also provided. 110-. (canceled)11. A fuel generation system comprising:a reactor configured to house a liquid reaction media and receive solid carbon based material;a distillation apparatus coupled to the reactor and configured to receive gaseous hydrocarbon fuel from the reactor; anda combustion turbine coupled to the distillation apparatus and configured to receive distillate portions from the distillation apparatus.12. The system of further comprising a conveyor apparatus associated with reactor claim 11 , the conveyor apparatus configured to convey material to a receiving portion of the apparatus.13. The system of further comprising a heat exchanger coupled to the reactor claim 11 , the heat exchanger configured to heat the liquid reaction media by providing heat from a heat exchanger fluid.14. The system of wherein the heat exchanger is coupled to the combustion turbine.15. The system of wherein at least a portion of the heat exchanger fluid of the heat exchanger circulates within an exhaust apparatus of the combustion turbine.16. The system of wherein the reactor comprises a media circulating conduit configured to circulate the liquid reaction media.17. The system of wherein conduit comprises a fluid pump claim 16 , the conduit further configured to have the fluid pump removed from the conduit while maintaining substantially all the fluid within the conduit ...

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Номер записи: 61

03-01-2019 дата публикации

AVIATION FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20190002778A1

Автор: Kiiski Ulla, Sandberg Kati

Принадлежит: Neste Corporation

The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising an aviation range fuel component and a diesel range fuel component originating from renewable sources, the diesel range fuel component having a cloud point of at most about −20° C. and existent gum more than about 7 mg/100 ml, wherein existent gum of the aviation fuel composition is at most about 7 mg/100 ml. 1. An aviation fuel composition comprising:a) an aviation range fuel component; andb) a diesel range fuel component of renewable origin, having a cloud point of at most about −20° C., and existent gum more than about 7 mg/100 ml, wherein existent gum of the aviation fuel composition is at most about 7 mg/100 ml.2. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component a) is selected from petroleum-based aviation range fuel claim 1 , aviation range fuel of renewable origin claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.3. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component a) complies with at least one of aviation fuel standards selected from ASTM D1655 claim 1 , ASTM D7566 and DEFSTAN 91-91.4. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component b) is paraffinic diesel produced from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products or at least one of hydrogenated fatty acid and triglyceride materials.5. The aviation fuel composition of claim 4 , wherein the paraffinic diesel is an isomerized paraffinic diesel.6. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component b) comprises:aromatic compounds in an amount of at most about 0.5 vol-%, iso-paraffins in an amount from about 80 vol-% to about 95 vol-%, the rest being n-paraffins.7. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein existent gum of component b) is at most about 15000 mg/ml.8. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:a petroleum-based diesel range fuel.9. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises up to about 20 vol-% of component b).10. The aviation fuel ...

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Номер записи: 62

03-01-2019 дата публикации

Polymer Compositions Allowing Easier Handling

Номер: US20190002779A1

Автор: FEUSTEL Michael, GREGER Ingo, HAFERKAMP Sebastian, KRULL Matthias, MÖRSCHER Michael, SIGGELKOW Bettina

Принадлежит: CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LTD.

The invention relates to a polymer composition that can be obtained by means of the free radical polymerisation of A) 95-40 wt. % of alkyl (meth)acrylate containing Ai) 20-95 wt. % of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate with 16 to 40 C-atoms in the alcohol group, and Aii) 5-80 wt. % of at least one (meth)acrylic acid ester of a C-Calcohol carrying a C-Calkyl group in the 2-position relative to the hydroxyl group, in the presence of B) 5-60 wt. % ethylene copolymer. The invention also relates to a method for producing same and to the use of same as a flow improver for mineral oils and mineral oil distillates. 1. A polymer composition prepared by free-radical polymerization of Ai) 20-95% by weight of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 16 to 40 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and', {'sub': 8', '22', '6', '20, 'Aii) 5-80% by weight of at least one (meth)acrylic ester of a C-Calcohol having a C-C-alkyl radical in the 2 position to the hydroxyl group, where Ai) and Aii) are different than one another, in the presence of'}], 'A) 95-40% by weight of alkyl (meth)acrylate comprising'}B) 5-60% by weight of an ethylene copolymer.2. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylates Ai) are according to the general formula (1){'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'sup': 2', '3, 'HC═C(R)—COOR\u2003\u2003(1)'}where{'sup': '2', 'Ris hydrogen or a methyl group,'}{'sup': '3', 'Ris a linear alkyl radical having 16 to 40 carbon atoms.'}4. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate A) contains 25% to 90% by weight claim 1 , of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate Ai) based on the total weight of A).5. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate A) contains 10% to 60% by weight claim 1 , of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate Aii) based on the total weight of A).6. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate A) contains up to 40% by weight of one or more ...

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Номер записи: 63

03-01-2019 дата публикации

DETERGENT ADDITIVE FOR FUEL

Номер: US20190002780A1

Автор: PREVOST Julie

Принадлежит: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES

The use of one or more copolymers as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engines. The copolymer includes at least one repeat unit having an ester of alkyl or alkyl ester function and a repeat unit containing a nitrile group. 1. A method for keeping clean and/or for cleaning at least one of the internal parts of an internal combustion engine , said method comprising the introduction in said internal combustion engine of at least one copolymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkylester function and one repeating unit comprising a nitrile group.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least:{'sub': 'a', 'one block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m), and'}{'sub': 'b', 'one block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an olefinic monomer (m) comprising a nitrile group.'}3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the block copolymer is obtained by block polymerization claim 2 , optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least:{'sub': 'a', 'one alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m), and'}{'sub': 'b', 'one olefinic monomer (m) comprising a nitrile group.'}5. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m) is chosen from Cto Calkyl (meth)acrylates.7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein monomer (m) is chosen from acrylonitrile claim 6 , methacrylonitrile claim 6 , cyanostyrene and cyano-alpha-methylstyrene.8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least:{'sub': 'a', 'one block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m), and'}{'sub': 1', 'b, 'one block Bconsisting of a chain of structural units derived from acrylonitrile (m), ...

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Номер записи: 64

01-01-2015 дата публикации

Fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus

Номер: US20150004067A1

Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham

Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus having one or more ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil for co-processing the renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction.

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Номер записи: 65

02-01-2020 дата публикации

Pulping Liquors and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20200002888A1

Автор: Downie Robert, Humphreys Leonard James, Rowlands William, Watson Paul

Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and pulping liquor;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture;wherein the reaction mixture and product mixture move in continuous flow through reactor vessel during said treating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of:(i) lignite feedstock;(ii) lignocellulosic feedstock; or(iii) a mixture of lignocellulosic and lignite feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of lignocellulosic feedstock.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulping liquor is black pulping liquor (black liquor).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the black liquor comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '3, '(i) between about 4 wt % and 10 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH), between about 10 wt % and 30 wt % sodium sulfide (NaS), between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt % sodium carbonate (NaCO), between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt % sodium sulfite (NaSO), between about 8 wt % and about 20 wt % sodium sulfate (NaSO), between about 10 wt % and about 25 wt % sodium thiosulfate (NaSO), and between about 10 wt % and about 90 wt % organic solids or between about 30% and about 70% organic solids; or'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', ...

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Номер записи: 66

03-01-2019 дата публикации

WET OXIDATION OF BIOMASS

Номер: US20190002930A1

Автор: Foody Brian, Foody Patrick J.

Принадлежит:

A process for producing a transportation fuel from a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising subjecting a stream comprising lignin to a wet oxidation that produces low molecular weight carboxylic acids. These carboxylic acids and/or the corresponding esters are fed to a hydrogenation reaction or gas fermentation wherein they are converted to an alcohol. Heat from the wet oxidation may be supplied to any stage of the process in which heat is introduced. 150.-. (canceled)51. A process for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstock comprising:(i) hydrolyzing at least a portion of the hemicellulose and cellulose in the lignocellulosic feedstock to provide an aqueous mixture comprising insoluble lignin and a soluble sugar;(ii) fermenting the soluble sugar to provide ethanol, said fermenting comprising mixing the soluble sugar with a fermentation microorganism;(iii) separating the insoluble lignin from at least portion of the soluble sugar or the ethanol;(iv) subjecting a mixture comprising the separated insoluble lignin to a wet oxidation to produce at least one of acetic acid, acetate, and carbon dioxide;(v) converting at least a portion of the at least one of acetic acid, acetate, and carbon dioxide produced by the wet oxidation to ethanol;(vi) recovering ethanol produced in (ii) and (v).52. The process according to claim 51 , wherein step (iii) comprises separating the insoluble lignin from at least a portion of the soluble sugar claim 51 , said separating comprising conducting a solid-liquid separation on the aqueous mixture produced in (i) to produce lignin solids and a liquid comprising the soluble sugar claim 51 , and wherein the mixture subjected to the wet oxidation comprises the lignin solids.53. The process according to claim 51 , wherein step (iii) comprises separating the insoluble lignin from at least a portion of the ethanol claim 51 , said separating comprising distilling an aqueous mixture comprising the ethanol and the insoluble lignin claim 51 , and ...

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Номер записи: 67

07-01-2021 дата публикации

WATER-FUEL EMULSION AND FUEL TREATMENT METHOD

Номер: US20210003100A1

Автор: Mykytiuk Oleksandr Yuriiovych

Принадлежит:

Declared composition of the fuel-water emulsion and the method of treating the fuel before combustion in a developed cavitation mode are designed to reduce emissions of exhaust and greenhouse gases of internal combustion engines and boilers using diesel fuel and other types of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. 1. A method for reducing harmful and greenhouse gases emission of internal combustion engines and boiler units when using liquid fuels , characterized in that a liquid carbon fuel , before being combusted , is subjected to a physical and chemical transformation by treating thereof in a developed cavitation mode under the temperature of from 0° C. to 70° C. and pressure of from 1 to 3 atm that leads in the fuel combustion process to 100% oxidation of the fuel molecules up to carbon dioxide in a combustion chamber , to reduction of the volume of the fuel consumption for up to 10% , to increase of efficiency of the air oxygen consumption for up to 10% without increase of volumes of consumption thereof that is necessary for combustion of a fuel unit , to increase of the engine or boiler unit performance efficiency for up to 8% that , in turn , in the emission formation process leads to: reduction of a total volume of the greenhouse gases emission for up to 10% during performing a unit of work that is performed by the non-treated fuel and generates 100% of the emission volume; reduction of the concentration of carbon oxide , sulfur dioxide , polycarbonates , solid particles for up to 0%; reduction of nitrogen oxides for up to 30-60% in exhaust and flue gases of internal combustion engines and boiler units.2. A water-fuel emulsion that consists of a liquid fuel and an aqueous suspension that is characterized in that the suspension consists of mineral iron compounds with a concentration of from 0.0001% to 0.1% , wherein the suspension volume is 0.5-40% of the fuel volume.3. A method for reducing harmful and greenhouse gases emission of internal combustion engines and boiler ...

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Номер записи: 68

13-01-2022 дата публикации

ONLINE ANALYZER FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220010219A1

Автор: Aguinaldo Maria Vanessa C., Cady Samuel J., Della Mora John, Luo Shifang, Ream Kegun L., Ring Michael H., WANG Chengrong, XU Xiaochun, Zhang Anding

Принадлежит:

Disclose is an online analyzer to monitor conversion of a biofeedstock in a first hydrotreating stage to avoid catalyst poisoning in a subsequent stage. An example method of processing a biofeedstock may comprise hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock. The method may further comprise monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer. 1. A method of processing a biofeedstock , comprising:hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock;monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer; andcontrolling recycle of the hydrotreated biofeedstock to the hydrotreating in response to the monitoring conversation of the biofeedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises at one component selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil claim 1 , an animal fat claim 1 , a fish oil claim 1 , a pyrolysis oil claim 1 , algae lipid claim 1 , an algae oil claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises lipid compounds.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrotreated biofeedstock comprises paraffin products.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer comprises a spectrometer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is an infrared spectrometer claim 1 , a near infrared spectrometer claim 1 , or a Raman spectrometer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock comprises determining oxygen removal from the biofeedstock.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises correlating measurements from the online analyzer with conversion of the biofeedstock.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises measuring carbonyl group concentration in the hydrotreated biofeedstock.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is ...

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Номер записи: 69

20-01-2022 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS FRACTIONATION OF CRUDE TALL OIL TO REFINED TALL DIESEL

Номер: US20220017840A1

Автор: NAYDENOV Valeri

Принадлежит:

The present invention describes a process for continuous fractionation of CTO (crude tall oil) to RTD (refined tall diesel), said process comprising:—when removing a stream of TOP (tall oil pitch) the CTO is fed through at least two evaporation zones arranged in series so that one stream of CTO is fed from a first evaporation zone to a second evaporation zone, wherein a TOP stream is produced and fed from the second evaporation zone, wherein a first vapor stream is produced within the first evaporation zone and a second vapor stream is produced within the second evaporation zone and wherein there is a temperature difference of at least 10° C. between the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream; and—feeding the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream into a subsequent fractionation column to produce a stream of RTD from the fractionation column, wherein the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are being fed to different positions, relative to the column height, in the fractionation column, where different conditions are applied to ensure suitable fractionations of a more fatty acid rich material and a more rosin rich material, respectively, and which different positions in the fractionation column are separated by packing means. 1. Process for continuous fractionation of CTO (crude tall oil) to RTD (refined tall diesel) , said process comprising:when removing a stream of TOP (tall oil pitch) the CTO is fed through at least two evaporation zones arranged in series so that one stream of CTO is fed from a first evaporation zone to a second evaporation zone, wherein a TOP stream is produced and fed from the second evaporation zone, wherein a first vapor stream is produced within the first evaporation zone and a second vapor stream is produced within the second evaporation zone and wherein there is a temperature difference of at least 10° C. between the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream; andfeeding the first vapor stream and the second ...

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Номер записи: 70

14-01-2016 дата публикации

Procedimiento de obtencion de una formulacion catalitica para la produccion de diesel de ultrabajo azufre, el producto obtenido y su aplicacion

Номер: US20160008792A1

Автор: Aida GUTIERREZ ALEJANDRE, Carlos Angeles Chavez, Enelio TORRES GARCIA, Esteban Lopez Salinas, Gerardo Ferrat Torres, Jorge Fernando Ramirez Solis, Jose Antonio Toledo Antonio, Jose Escobar Aguilar, Jose Gonzalo Hernandez Cortez, Maria Antonia Cortes Jacome, Maria de Lourdes Araceli Mosqueira Mondragon, Miguel Perez Luna

Принадлежит: INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEO, Universidad Nacional Autonoma De México

The present invention relates to a catalytic formulation used in the hydroprocessing of light and middle oil fractions, preferably in hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions to obtain diesel with ultra low sulfur content less than or equal to 15 ppm in weight. The catalytic formulation, object of the present invention, consists of at least one metal of Group VI B and at least one metal of Group VIII B and one element of Group V A of the periodic table deposited on a support based on surface modified alumina with an inorganic oxide of a metal of Group II A, IV A and/or IV B. And containing an impregnated organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group and at least one carboxyl group and that can contain or not at least one sulfide group in its structure. The catalytic formulation, object of the present invention, allows processing of the oil fractions with initial and final boiling temperatures between 150 and 450° C., with initial nitrogen and sulfur content between 1 and 3% by weight and 200 to 600 ppm, respectively, reducing sulfur content to concentrations lower or equal to 15 ppm and nitrogen concentrations to lower than 1 ppm.

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Номер записи: 71

12-01-2017 дата публикации

COMPOSITION COMPRISING PARAFFIN FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM BIOLOGICAL RAW MATERIALS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20170009144A1

Автор: Aalto Pekka, HAKOLA Maija, NYMAN Tomi, Sandberg Kati

Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

A composition, including 40-50 wt-% C14 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and 35-45 wt-% C15 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the C14 and C15 paraffins are produced from a biological raw material. 119-. (canceled)20. A composition , comprising:40-50 wt-% C14 isoparaffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and35-45 wt-% C15 isoparaffins, based on the total weight of the composition,wherein the C14 and C15 isoparaffins are produced from a biological raw material,wherein the total C14 and C15 isoparaffinic content of the composition is in a range from 80.36 wt-% to 95 wt-%, based on the total weight of the composition.21. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises 45-50 wt-% C14 isoparaffins claim 20 , and 40-45 wt-% C15 isoparaffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.22. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises less than 9 wt-% C13 and lighter paraffins and less than 7 wt-% C16 and heavier paraffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.23. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises less than 5 wt-% C13 and lighter paraffins and less than 3 wt-% C16 and heavier paraffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.24. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total isoparaffinic content of the composition is more than 93 wt-% claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.25. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total isoparaffinic content of the composition is more than 97 wt-% claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.26. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total aromatic hydrocarbon content of the composition is less than 1500 ppm weight basis.27. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total aromatic hydrocarbon content of the composition is less than 1300 ppm weight basis.28. The ...

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Номер записи: 72

12-01-2017 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20170009163A1

Автор: BRANCH Michael Allen, BRU Ariel, BRUMFIELD Tommy Louis, DELANEY-KINSELLA Cynthia, DROUBI Danny F., KRAUS Lawrence Stephen, LIPINSKY Dana Tatum, STEERNBERG Koen

Принадлежит:

Low sulphur marine fuel compositions are provided. Embodiments comprise 10 to 50 wt. % of a residual hydrocarbon component, with the remaining 50 to 90 wt. % selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof. Embodiments of the marine fuel composition can have a sulphur content of about 0.1 wt. % or less. 1. A marine fuel composition comprising:greater than 25 wt. % to 50 wt. % of a residual hydrocarbon component comprising an atmospheric tower bottoms (ATB) residues with a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 100 cSt; andwherein the marine fuel composition has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 10 cSt.2. The marine fuel composition of wherein the sulphur content is in a range of 400 to 1000 wppm.3. The marine fuel composition of which exhibits at least one of the following:a hydrogen sulfide content of at most 2.0 mg/kg; an acid number of at most 2.5 mg KOH per gram; a sediment content of at most 0.1 wt. %; a water content of at most 0.5 vol %; and an ash content of at most 0.15 wt. %.4. The marine fuel composition of which has at least one of the following: a density at 15 degrees C. in a range of 0.870 to 1.010 g/cm claim 1 , a pour point of −30 to 35 degrees C. claim 1 , and a flash point of at least 60 degrees C.5. The marine fuel composition of wherein the density is at least 0.890 g/cm.6. The marine fuel composition of wherein the kinematic viscosity is less than 12 cSt.7. The marine fuel composition of further comprising:at least 30 wt. % of the residual hydrocarbon component; andat least 10 wt. % of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component comprising at least one of light cycle oil (LCO), heavy cycle oil (HCO), fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) cycle oil, FCC slurry oil, pyrolysis gas oil, cracked light gas oil (CLGO), cracked heavy gas oil (CHGO), pyrolysis light gas oil (PLGO), pyrolysis heavy gas oil (PHGO), thermally cracked residue, thermally cracked ...

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Номер записи: 73

12-01-2017 дата публикации

Method for Making a Biosludge-Based Biomass Fuel

Номер: US20170009164A1

Автор: LIN CHANG-CHING

Принадлежит:

A method for making a biosludge-based biomass fuel includes: introducing an oxidizing agent gas and an aqueous solution into a biosludge to undergo lysis of bacteria contained in a biosludge under oscillation of the oxidizing agent gas and the aqueous solution so as to form a pre-treated biosludge mixture; filtering out the oxidized biosludge from the pre-treated biosludge mixture under pressurized treatment to form biosludge solids; drying the biosludge solids; grinding the dried biosludge solids to form particulate biosludge solids; and mixing the particulate biosludge solids with an oil sludge. 1. A method for making a biosludge-based biomass fuel , comprising:introducing an oxidizing agent gas and an aqueous solution into a biosludge to undergo lysis of bacteria contained in the biosludge under oscillation of the oxidizing agent gas and the aqueous solution so as to form a pre-treated biosludge mixture;filtering out the oxidized biosludge from the pre-treated biosludge mixture under pressurized treatment to form biosludge solids;drying the biosludge solids;grinding the dried biosludge solids to form particulate biosludge solids; andmixing the particulate biosludge solids with an oil sludge.2. The method for making a biosludge-based biomass fuel of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent gas is ozone and the aqueous solution is water.3. The method for making a biosludge-based biomass fuel of claim 2 , wherein the ozone is introduced in an amount of 0.06 to 0.13 grams per 1 gram of dry weight of the biosludge.4. The method for making a biosludge-based biomass fuel of claim 1 , wherein the biosludge solids obtained from filtering of the pre-treated biosludge mixture has a water content ranging from 55% to 65%.5. The method for making a biosludge-based biomass fuel of claim 1 , wherein the dried biosludge solids have a water content less than 8%.6. The method for making a biosludge-based biomass fuel of claim 1 , wherein drying of the biosludge solids is conducted at ...

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Номер записи: 74

12-01-2017 дата публикации

HYBRID FUEL AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20170009165A1

Автор: Goerz, JR. David J.

Принадлежит:

A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same are disclosed. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages. 1. A hybrid fuel prepared from a process that comprises:introducing a first reactant to a reactor, wherein the first reactant comprises one or more light gases;exposing the first reactant to non-thermal plasma under conditions sufficient to reform the first reactant to form syngas and to generate free radicals and energetic electrons;introducing a first liquid feed fuel to the reactor; andintimately contacting the reaction products from the exposure of the first reactant to non-thermal plasma with the first liquid feed fuel in the reactor to produce a modified liquid fuel.2. The hybrid fuel of claim 1 , wherein the first reactant further comprises a second liquid fuel feed.3. A hybrid fuel comprising:a first fuel product; anda second fuel product, whereinthe first fuel product comprises a biofuel emulsion; andthe second fuel product comprises a fuel prepared from one or more light gases combined with a liquid fuel feed; and whereinthe hybrid fuel comprises at least about 20% by weight of the first fuel product.4. The hybrid fuel of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid fuel comprises about 20% by weight of the first fuel product and about 80% by weight of the second fuel product.5. The hybrid fuel of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid fuel comprises up to about 20% water.6. The hybrid fuel of claim 4 , wherein the pour point of the hybrid fuel is about −25° C. to about −35° C.7. The hybrid fuel of claim 4 , wherein the pour point of the hybrid fuel is ...

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Номер записи: 75

12-01-2017 дата публикации

FUEL MODIFIERS FOR NATURAL GAS RECIPROCATING ENGINES

Номер: US20170009166A1

Автор: Maria Amir Gamal, Mukundan Malika, Roucis John Bradley, Schinski William Lawrence, Wolff John Gerard

Принадлежит:

Described herein are fuel modifiers for natural gas reciprocating engines, while recognizing the application of the inventions herein may be applied more broadly, to other natural gas-based engine systems. The fuel modifiers are primarily free-radical initiators, and the presence of this fuel modifier allows the engine operator to operate the engine under leaner conditions because, while employing the same ignition energy, more free-radicals are formed, thus overcoming the problems associated with dilution of the pool of free-radicals in the flame. 1. A modified fuel , comprising a base fuel and a fuel modifier selected from the group consisting of azo compounds , dialkylsulfides , alkyl sulfones , nitroalkyls , peroxygens , and hydrocarbons which contain symmetrically substituted carbon-carbon bonds where that bond is relatively weak.2. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel is natural gas.3. The modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds having a molecular weight of between 80 and 500 g/mol claim 2 , and a decomposition temperature between 80 and 300° C.5. The modified fuel of claim 4 , wherein the fuel modifier is azobisisobutylnitrile.7. The modified fuel of claim 6 , wherein the fuel modifier is dismethylsulfide.9. The modified fuel of claim 8 , wherein the fuel modifier is dismethylsulfone.11. The modified fuel of claim 10 , wherein the fuel modifier is nitromethane.13. The modified fuel of claim 12 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group consisting of linear and branched C-Calkyl peroxides.14. The modified fuel of claim 13 , wherein the fuel modifier is di-tert-butyl peroxide.15. The modified fuel of claim 13 , wherein the fuel modifier is dimethoxymethane.16. The modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group represented by the formula below:{'br': None, 'sub': 13', '14', '12', '14', '12', '13, 'R—C(R, R)—C(R, R, R)'}{'sub': 12', '13 ...

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Номер записи: 76

12-01-2017 дата публикации

Method for making biomass pellets

Номер: US20170009167A1

Автор: J.D. Dowell, Kurt Herman, Steve A. Flick

Принадлежит: SHOW ME ENERGY

The present invention is directed to a process for forming biomass pellets using biomass feedstock having predetermined characteristics to form biomass pellets having desired characteristics. The process can utilize feedstock derived from a variety of biomass feedstock sources, including wood, agricultural crops, energy crops and weeds, alone or in combination.

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Номер записи: 77

12-01-2017 дата публикации

Formulation of a new diesel fuel suitable for diesel engines

Номер: US20170009168A1

Автор: Rosario Rocco Tulino

Принадлежит: Tulino Research and Partners Ltd

The new fuel conceived for diesel engines is formulated using one part of standard diesel fuel and two groups of components with different characteristic rating. The first group is composed by reformulated chemicals, while the second group in made by a blend of vegetal oils properly balanced. The fuel obtained with this formulation has a better thermodynamic performance and allows an appreciable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and particulate matter (PT) output which are, respectively, approximately 50% and 60% lower

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Номер записи: 78

27-01-2022 дата публикации

Decarboxylative Co-Dimerization Process and Synthetic Fuels Produced Therefrom

Номер: US20220025273A1

Автор: Abhari Ramin, Green Nate

Принадлежит:

In an aspect, the application discloses a method for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels where the method includes electrolysis of a mixture to produce an electrolysis product comprising a renewable diesel and optionally a renewable gasoline, where the mixture includes (i) free fatty acids from a biorenewable feedstock, and (ii) terminal monomethyl-branched carboxylic acids, and where the renewable diesel includes terminal monomethyl-branched paraffins and terminal monomethyl-branched alkenes. 1. A method for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels , the method comprisingelectrolysis of a mixture comprising (i) free fatty acids from a biorenewable feedstock, and (ii) terminal monomethyl-branched carboxylic acids, to produce an electrolysis product comprising a renewable diesel and optionally a renewable gasoline;wherein the renewable diesel comprises terminal monomethyl-branched paraffins and terminal monomethyl-branched alkenes.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising hydrogenation of the renewable diesel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the terminal monomethyl-branched carboxylic acids comprise isobutyric acid.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the isobutyric acid is produced from isobutanol claim 3 , wherein the isobutanol is from a biorenewable feedstock.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the isobutyric acid is produced from isobutanol by{'sub': '2', 'dehydrogenating the isobutanol to produce isobutyraldehyde and H, and'}oxidizing the isobutyraldehyde to produce the isobutyric acid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Hproduced from dehydrogenating the isobutanol is separated from the isobutyraldehyde.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Hfrom dehydrogenating the isobutanol is used in a hydrogenation reaction.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable gasoline comprises 2 claim 1 ,3-dimethylbutane.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the free fatty acids comprise fatty acids produced from hydrolysis of fatty acid esters of fat claim 1 , oil claim ...

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Номер записи: 79

14-01-2016 дата публикации

GREEN DIESEL PRODUCTION FROM HYDROTHERMAL CATALYTIC DECARBOXYLATION ON A SUPPORTED PD-CO CATALYST

Номер: US20160010000A1

Автор: Ng K.Y. Simon, Salley Steven O., Sari Elvan

Принадлежит:

Materials and methods for converting brown grease to useful diesel fuel are described. One material is a palladium catalyst on a silicon/carbon support. A method comprises flowing fresh hydrogen over a reaction of diluted brown grease on a palladium/carbon catalyst. 1. A catalyst for decarboxylation of a fatty acid , the catalyst comprising:about 0.5% to about 10% palladium by weight; anda support comprising silicon atoms and carbon atoms.2. The catalyst according to wherein the support has a ratio of carbon atoms to silicon atoms of about 3:1 to about 40:1.3. The catalyst according to wherein the ratio of carbon atoms to silicon atoms is about 4.3:1 to about 34.7:1.4. The catalyst according to wherein the ratio of carbon atoms to silicon atoms is about 4.3:1.5. The catalyst according to having a porous surface with an average pore diameter of about 3.6 nanometers to about 5.4 nanometers.6. The catalyst according to comprising about 5% palladium by weight.7. The catalyst according to wherein the palladium comprises a metal particle having a diameter of about 3 nanometers to about 8 nanometers.8. The catalyst according to wherein the catalyst has an acidity of about 0.10 to about 2.5 mmol/g.9. The catalyst according to wherein when exposed to oleic acid claim 1 , the catalyst converts at least 10% of the oleic acid to n-heptadecane.10. The catalyst according to which converts at least 30% of the oleic acid to n-heptadecane.11. A method of making a catalyst for decarboxylation of a fatty acid claim 9 , the method comprising:combining activated carbon with tetraethyl orthosilicate to form a support;mixing a palladium solution with the support; anddrying the catalyst.12. The method of wherein the tetraethyl orthosilicate is provided in a mass ratio to the activated carbon of about 0.5:1 to about 4:1.13. The method of wherein the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to activated carbon is about 4:1.14. The method of wherein palladium comprises about 5% of a weight of ...

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Номер записи: 80

14-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS OF GENERATING A RENEWABLE BIOFUEL FROM A HYDROTREATED STREAM OF CONDENSED OXYGENATES

Номер: US20160010001A1

Автор: Bauer Lorenz J., Kent Nicholas, May Leslie, Paradise Christopher, Ramirez Corredores Maria Magdalena, Trewella Jeffrey C.

Принадлежит:

A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C-Coxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C+ hydrocarbons. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein prior to step (a):(i) biomass is converted in a biomass conversion reactor into gaseous, liquid and solid components;(ii) the gaseous components and solid components are separated from the liquid components;{'sub': 3', '5, '(iii) the liquid components are separated into an aqueous phase and an organic stream containing C-Coxygenates; and'}{'sub': 3', '5, '(iv) the aqueous phase is then separated into another organic stream containing C-Coxygenates.'}3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the condensation reaction is an aldol condensation.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biofuel is produced from liquid bio-oil.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein prior to step (a):(i) biomass is converted in a biomass conversion reactor into gaseous, liquid and solid components;(ii) the gaseous components and solid components are separated from the liquid components;{'sub': 3', '5, '(iii) the liquid components are separated into an aqueous phase and an organic stream containing C-Coxygenates; and'}{'sub': 3', '5, '(iv) the aqueous phase is then separated into another organic stream containing C-Coxygenates.'}7. The process of claim 5 , wherein condensation occurs in the single reactor in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the heterogeneous acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of organic sulfonic acids; perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids; zeolites; sulfated transition metal oxides claim 7 , and perfluorinated ion exchange polymers containing pendant sulfonic acid claim 7 , carboxylic acid claim 7 , or sulfonic acid groups; sulfonated copolymers of styrene ...

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Номер записи: 81

14-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCKS FROM WASTE MATERIAL

Номер: US20160010012A1

Автор: BAI Dingrong

Принадлежит:

Systems and methods for producing engineered fuels from solid waste material are described herein. In some embodiments, a method includes receiving a waste stream at a multi-material processing platform and separating the waste stream to remove non-processable waste and marketable recyclables. The method further includes conveying processable materials to a material classification system and incorporating additives to produce an engineered fuel from the constituents of the waste stream. 1. A method of producing an engineered fuel feed stock from a processed MSW waste stream , the method comprising:combining a first waste stream and an additive;compressing the first waste stream and the additive to form a densified intermediate material;grinding the intermediate material;mixing the ground intermediate material with a second waste stream; andcompressing the intermediate material and the second waste stream to form an engineered fuel feed stock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first waste stream includes hard plastic.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first waste stream contains less than about 40 wt. % soft plastic.47.-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first waste stream contains less than about 20 wt. % fiber.9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first waste stream contains less than about 20 wt. % soft plastic and fiber in combination.1216.-. (canceled)17. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first waste stream is substantially free from glass claim 2 , metals claim 2 , grit claim 2 , and noncombustibles.1822.-. (canceled)23. The method of claim 2 , wherein the densified intermediate material hasa plastic content of between about 10 wt. % and about 50 wt. %; andan additive content of between about 90 wt. % and about 50 wt. %.24. (canceled)25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive is a chemical additive.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the chemical additive is a sorbent.27. The method of claim 26 , ...

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Номер записи: 82

14-01-2016 дата публикации

COATED CHARCOAL

Номер: US20160010014A1

Автор: Doan Nicole, Oldham Aryn B., Shetty Abhishek

Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is the use of coatings on charcoal heating materials, such as charcoal briquets, to enhance burn properties. It has been discovered that if one half of a pile of charcoal briquets is dosed with lighter fluid and the other half remains undosed, the entire pile of briquets will light and burn. Thus, the amount of lighter fluid necessary to light a pile of charcoal briquets can be reduced by fifty percent. However, over time (2 to 3 months), the lighter fluid migrates from the dosed briquets to the undosed briquets. Therefore, it has been found that by coating the undosed briquets with a material that prevents the lighter fluid from migrating onto them, solvent migration is reduced and/or eliminated. The coated briquets light a little later than the uncoated briquets resulting in an extension of the cooking phase. 1. A charcoal heating system for use as a cooking fuel , which ignites easily and quickly , said charcoal heating system comprising:a plurality of dosed charcoal heating materials dosed with between about 12% to about 18% lighter fluid; anda plurality of coated charcoal heating materials substantially free of lighter fluid having a coating that substantially prevents the transfer of lighter fluid from dosed charcoal heating materials to coated charcoal heating materials; andwherein the ratio of dosed charcoal heating materials to coated charcoal heating materials is between 1:1 and 9:1.2. The charcoal heating system recited in claim 1 , wherein the dosed charcoal heating material and the coated charcoal heating material are in the form of charcoal briquets claim 1 , lump charcoal or mixtures thereof.3. The charcoal heating system recited in claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises a coating agent claim 1 , a thickener or mixtures thereof.4. The charcoal heating system recited in claim 3 , wherein the coating agent is selected from the group consisting of corn syrup claim 3 , glycerin claim 3 , non-glycerin polyols claim 3 , starch and mixtures ...

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Номер записи: 83

14-01-2016 дата публикации

Processed Biochar Pellets from Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containng Feedstock

Номер: US20160010015A1

Автор: Catto Michael L., Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M.

Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A renewable processed biochar pellet composition made with a pelletizing sub-system followed with a heating sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into a pelletizing sub-system and then into a heating sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar pellets having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT), a water content of less than 10 wt %, and an intracellular water-soluble salt content that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biochar pellet composition that comprises a processed biochar made from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock and having characteristics that include an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT), a water content of less than 10 wt %, and an intracellular water-soluble salt content in the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that was the source of the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock, andthe processed biochar pellet is made from unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is converted into a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with a beneficiation sub-system, into the processed biochar with a heating sub-system, and into the processed biomass pellet with a pelletizing sub-system.2. The composition of wherein the beneficiation sub-system claim 1 , comprises:a. a transmission device configured to convey into a reaction ...

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Номер записи: 84

14-01-2016 дата публикации

High Energy Aggregates of Coal Fines and Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20160010016A1

Автор: Carleton Drew Tait, Douglas M Van Thorre, Michael L Catto, Philip James Scalzo

Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A high energy processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate composition made with a blending sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system and high energy coal is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is blended with sized high energy coal in a blending sub-system to form a blended aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of a coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and at least 10 wt % of a processed biomass comprising a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT) and a water-soluble intracellular salt content that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.

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Номер записи: 85

14-01-2016 дата публикации

Aggregates of Cleaned High Energy Coal Fines and Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20160010017A1

Автор: Catto Michael L., Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M.

Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate composition made with a blending sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system and high energy coal is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to produce a processed biomass with an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT), a water content of below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt that is at least 60% below that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. High energy un-cleaned coal is sized and passed through a coal cleaning sub-system to result in cleaned high energy coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and a content of sulfur that is at least 50 wt % less than that of the content of sulfur in the coal before it passed through the coal cleaning sub-system. The processed feedstock is sized and blended with the cleaned high energy coal in a blending sub-system to form a blended aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of the cleaned high energy coal and at least 10 wt % of the processed biomass. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of a coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and a content of sulfur that is at least 50 wt % less than that of the content of sulfur in the coal before it passed through a coal cleaning sub-system, and at least 10 wt % of a processed biomass comprising a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT) and a water-soluble intracellular salt content that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that was the source of the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock,the processed biomass/coal blended compact ...

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Номер записи: 86

14-01-2016 дата публикации

LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

Номер: US20160010023A1

Автор: MATTHEWS Sarah Jane, SOUTHBY Mark Clift, XU Zhou

Принадлежит:

Use of a comb polymer for reducing the loss in viscosity of a lubricating composition for the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is fuelled by a fuel composition comprising a fatty acid alkyl ester. 1. A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising:lubricating a crankcase of the internal combustion engine with a lubricating composition comprising a comb polymer, andusing a fuel composition comprising a fatty acid alkyl ester to fuel the internal combustion engine.2. The method according to wherein the viscosity of the lubricating composition is the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. measured using ASTM D445.3. The method according to wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is a fatty acid methyl ester.4. The method according to wherein the comb polymer comprises claim 1 , in the main chain claim 1 , at least one repeat unit which is obtained from at least one polyolefin-based macromonomer claim 1 , and at least one repeat unit which is obtained from at least one low molecular weight monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene monomers having 8 to 17 carbon atoms claim 1 , alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alcohol group claim 1 , vinyl esters having from 1 to 11 carbon atoms in the acyl group claim 1 , vinyl ethers having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alcohol group claim 1 , (di)alkyl fumurates having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alcohol group claim 1 , (di)alkyl maleates having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alcohol group and mixtures thereof claim 1 , where the molar degree of branching is in the range of 0.1 to 10 mol % and the comb polymer comprises a total of at least 80% by weight claim 1 , based on the total weight of repeat units of the comb polymer claim 1 , of the at least one repeat unit which is obtained from the at least one polyolefin-based macromonomer and the at least one repeat unit which is obtained from the at least one low molecular weight monomer.5. The method ...

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Номер записи: 87

11-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF KETOACIDS AND HYDROTREAMENT TO HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20180009731A9

Автор: IKONEN Elias, KÄLDSTRÖM Mats, LINDBLAD Marina, SELÄNTAUS Maaria

Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

Catalytic conversion of ketoacids is disclosed, including methods for increasing the molecular weight of ketoacids. An exemplary method includes providing in a reactor a feedstock having at least one ketoacid. The feedstock is then subjected to one or more C—C-coupling reaction(s) in the presence of a catalyst system having a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide. 1. A method for increasing the molecular weight of a ketoacid , the method comprising:providing in a reactor a feedstock having at least one ketoacid; andsubjecting the feedstock to one or more C—C-coupling reaction(s), wherein the C—C-coupling reaction(s) are conducted in a presence of a solid acid catalyst system having a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide, and wherein a content of the at least one ketoacid in the feedstock is at least 30 wt-%.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system has a specific surface area of from 10 to 500 m/g.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a total amount of the acid sites of the catalyst system ranges between 30 and 500 μmol/g.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one ketoacid is a γ-ketoacid acid.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the at least one ketoacid in the feedstock is at least 40 wt-% claim 1 , and/or the content of water in the feedstock is less than 5.0 wt-%.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide comprises:an oxide of one of W, Be, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Bi, La, Ce, Th, and the second metal oxide comprises:an oxide of one of Zr, Ti, Si, Al, V, Cr or a combination of these, the first metal oxide not being same as the second metal oxide.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide is supported on a metal oxide carrier claim 1 , wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of zirconia claim 1 , titania claim 1 , silica claim 1 , vanadium oxide claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 88

08-01-2015 дата публикации

High Density Cyclic Fuels Derived From Linear Sesquiterpenes

Номер: US20150011810A1

Автор: Benjamin G Harvey

Принадлежит: US Department of Navy

A method to generate cyclic hydrocarbons from farnesene to increase both the density and net heat of combustion of the product fuels. The high density hydrocarbons produced by this method have applications for missile, UAV, jet, and diesel propulsion.

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Номер записи: 89

14-01-2021 дата публикации

XANTHENES AS FUEL MARKERS

Номер: US20210009909A1

Автор: Asif Zahid, Cummins Clark H., Jazdzewski Brian A., Reyes Jeremy Chris, Smith Warren E., Winniford William L., Wright Robert J.

Принадлежит:

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand R-substituted xanthene, wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rindependently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; wherein each compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 2. The method of in which R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyl claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyloxy claim 1 , C-Caryl or C-Caryloxy.3. The method of in which R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rcollectively have at least one carbon atom.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 3 , C-Calkyl claim 3 , C-Calkenyl claim 3 , C-Calkoxy claim 3 , C-Calkenyloxy claim 3 , C-Caryl or C-Caryloxy.5. The method of in which the compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.6. The method of in which R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.7. The method of in which at least one of R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Ris alkyl claim 6 , and R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Rare hydrogen.9. The compound of in which R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , Rand R claim 8 , independently are hydrogen claim 8 , C-Calkyl or C-Calkenyl; Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Calkenyl; and in which at least one of R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , Rand Rcontains at least eight carbon atoms.10. The compound of in which R ...

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Номер записи: 90

14-01-2021 дата публикации

DIARYL ETHERS AS FUEL MARKERS

Номер: US20210009910A1

Автор: Asif Zahid, Cummins Clark H., Jazdzewski Brian A., Reyes Jeremy Chris, Smith Warren E., Winniford William L., Wright Robert J.

Принадлежит:

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand R-substituted diaryl ether, wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rindependently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 2. The method of in which R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyl or C-Chydrocarbyloxy.3. The method of in which R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 2 , C-Calkyl claim 2 , C-Calkenyl claim 2 , C-Calkoxy or C-Calkenyloxy.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rcollectively have at least two carbon atoms.5. The method of in which R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.6. The method of in which R claim 5 , R claim 5 , Rand Rare hydrogen.7. The method of in which R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.8. The method of in which each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.10. The compound of in which R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or methyl. This invention relates to a new method for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils, as well as new compounds useful for this purpose.Marking of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils with various kinds of chemical markers is well known in the art. A variety of compounds have been used for this purpose, as well as numerous ...

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Номер записи: 91

14-01-2021 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Номер: US20210009911A1

Автор: Medoff Marshall

Принадлежит:

Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In addition, an unblended cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline with a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699 is disclosed. 1218-. (canceled)219. A method of making a cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline , the method comprising:providing an alcohol comprising a cellulosic-biomass derived alcohol, andcatalytically processing the alcohol to an unblended gasoline, wherein the unblended gasoline has a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699.220. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline also has a motor octane number of greater than about 85 claim 219 , as determined by ASTM D2700.221. The method of claim 219 , wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol.222. The method of claim 219 , wherein catalytically processing the alcohol comprises passing hydrous ethanol through a packed column claim 219 , the column including a zeolite.223. The method of claim 222 , wherein the hydrous ethanol contains greater than about 40 percent water by weight.224. The method of claim 222 , wherein the catalytically processing the alcohol further comprises a nitrogen carrier gas to aid in the passing of the hydrous ethanol through the packed column.225. The method of claim 222 , wherein the zeolite comprises HZSM-5.226. The method of claim 225 , wherein the HZSM-5 includes a metal produced by solvent impregnation.227. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline has a benzene content of less than 1 percent by weight.228. The method of claim 219 , wherein the unblended gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than 25 percent by weight.229. ...

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Номер записи: 92

14-01-2021 дата публикации

POLYACRYLAMIDE ANTIFOAM COMPONENTS FOR USE IN DIESEL FUELS

Номер: US20210009912A1

Автор: Bush James H., Kovach Rochelle L., Nickerson David M., Perera Jayasooriya Sujith, Salem Kamalakumari K., Schiferl Elizabeth A.

Принадлежит:

There is disclosed an antifoam component which includes at least one acrylamide polymer for use in a diesel fuel. Acrylamide polymers prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer to yield a homopolymer or, alternatively, the acrylamide polymer may be prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer to yield a heteropolymer. 113-. (canceled)15. The composition of claim 14 , further comprising at least one acrylate polymer prepared by polymerizing one or more (meth)acrylate monomers comprising a Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylate.16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the acrylate polymer is at least one of a copolymer claim 15 , block polymer claim 15 , random polymer claim 15 , terpolymer claim 15 , or combinations thereof.17. The composition of claim 15 , comprising:(i) from 1 wt % to 99 wt % (or 5 wt % to 95 wt %) of the acrylamide polymer; and(ii) from 99 wt % to 1 wt % (or 95 wt % to 5 wt %) of the acrylate polymer.19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the acrylamide polymer is a homopolymer and X is N.20. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the acrylamide polymer is a heteropolymer having at least two polymer moieties and wherein for at least one polymer moiety X is N and for at least one polymer moiety X is O.21. The composition of claim 18 , wherein Rand/or Ris branched.22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein Ris linear and Ris branched.23. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the (meth)acrylamide monomer comprises a mono- or di-Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide.24. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the (meth)acrylamide monomer comprises a mono- or di-Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide.25. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the acrylamide polymer comprises at least one heteropolymer prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer.26. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the acrylamide polymer comprises a heteropolymer prepared from a (meth)acrylate ...

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Номер записи: 93

10-01-2019 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Process and Device for Treatment Heavy Marine Fuel Oil and Resultant Composition and the Removal of Detrimental Solids

Номер: US20190010405A1

Автор: Klussmann Bertrand Ray, Moore Michael Joseph, White Carter James

Принадлежит: Magēmā Technology, LLC

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and a Detrimental Solids removal unit as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass and a Detrimental Solids content less than 60 mg/kg. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed. 1. A process for reducing the environmental contaminants and detrimental solids in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with Detrimental Solids removal unit to give a pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; mixing a quantity of the pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalyst materials under reactive conditions to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and , discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass %.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.01 mass % to 1.0 mass %.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has: a maximum of kinematic viscosity at 50° C. (ISO 3104) between the range from 180 mm/s to 700 mm/s; a ...

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Номер записи: 94

10-01-2019 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Process and Device for Treatment Heavy Marine Fuel Oil and Resultant Composition Including Ultrasound Promoted Desulfurization

Номер: US20190010406A1

Автор: Klussmann Bertrand Ray, Moore Michael Joseph, White Carter James

Принадлежит: Magema Technology, LLC

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and a ultrasound treatment process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed. 1. A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with ultrasound having a frequency in the range of about 20 kHz and about 100 megahertz and a sonic energy in the range of about 30 watts/cmto about 300 watts/cm , in the presence of desulfurization reaction inducer selected from the group consisting of aqueous peroxides or one or more transition metal catalysts in the presence of hydrogen , to give a pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; mixing a quantity of the pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more transition metal catalysts under reactive conditions to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and , discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) except that it has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 wt % to 1.0 wt % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the ...

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Номер записи: 95

10-01-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING LIPIDS FOR USE IN PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS

Номер: US20190010419A1

Автор: Apt Kirk, BARCLAY William, BLAZER Micah, Borden Jacob, Burja Adam, DONG Daniel, DUMENIL Jean-Charles, DURAZO Armando, EDGE Arthur, HANSEN Jon, HOFLER Alexandra, III Joseph William, Jeffers David, LYON Chris, PAI Vidya, Pfeifer, SELLERS Martin J., SHANK Ginger, STEGE Justin

Принадлежит:

Methods and systems used to extract lipids suitable in production of biofuels from a fermentation broth may include using heat to pre-treat the fermentation broth in order to more easily extract a product from oleaginous microorganisms in the broth. Additionally or alternatively, a combination of enzymes including amylase, 1-4 mannosidase, and 1-3 mannosidase may be used to break down cell walls of the oleaginous microorganisms. Residual broth water may be recycled and used as imbibition water for washing a process feedstock to extract sugar. 1. A method of extracting lipids suitable in production of biofuels from a whole fermentation broth , comprising:pre-treating the whole fermentation broth by heating the broth to a temperature between about 90° C. and about 150° C., or between about 100° C. and about 150° C., or between about 110° C. and about 150° C., or between about 120° C. and about 150° C., or between about 130° C. and about 150° C., wherein the broth contains oleaginous microorganisms; andsubsequently extracting a product from the oleaginous microorganisms.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pre-treating comprises heating the whole fermentation broth for about 30 minutes to about 18 hours claim 1 , or more than 3 hours to about 18 hours claim 1 , or more than 3 hours to about 8 hours.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pre-treating comprises heating the whole fermentation broth containing the oleaginous microorganisms from 45° C. to 80° C. in less than 60 minutes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating f the whole fermentation broth is done at an average rate between about 0.1 and about 80 degrees Celsius per minute.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting pH of the whole fermentation broth by adding either an acid or a base.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the whole fermentation broth to greater than about 60° C. claim 1 , or greater than about 70° C. claim 1 , or greater than about 80° C. claim 1 , or ...

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Номер записи: 96

10-01-2019 дата публикации

ARRAY FOR PROCESSING MATERIALS

Номер: US20190010662A1

Автор: Masterman Thomas Craig, Medoff Marshall, PARADIS Robert

Принадлежит:

Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults. 1. A treatment operating unit , comprising:a plurality of enclosure systems, each enclosure system including one or more vaults, andwithin each vault, an irradiation device and a treatment conveyor.2. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure systems are arranged in rows.3. The operating unit of claim 2 , wherein the rows extend in a first direction claim 2 , and wherein each enclosure system comprises two or more vaults extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction.4. The operating unit of claim 3 , wherein the first and second vaults of each enclosure share a common wall.5. The operating unit of claim 4 , wherein each first vault is configured to accept untreated biomass from a storage facility claim 4 , and wherein the biomass material is treated in each vault utilizing the irradiation device and the treatment conveyor.6. The operating unit of claim 5 , wherein the first vault of each enclosure system further encloses equipment configured to transfer treated biomass from the first vault to the second vault of the enclosure system.7. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation device comprises an electron accelerator.8. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the treatment conveyor comprises a vibratory conveyor.9. A method for producing treated materials claim 1 , the method comprising;partitioning a material into a plurality of material portions,conveying the material portions into a plurality of first vaults, each first vault accepting one of the material portions,treating the material portions in the vaults,conveying the material portions out of the ...

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Номер записи: 97

09-01-2020 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING NATURAL GAS USING CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER IN AIR

Номер: US20200010771A1

Автор: YOON Kyung Byung

Принадлежит:

An apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air that includes an air-compressing member, a water collecting member, a water storing member, a carbon dioxide collecting member, a water electrolysis member, and a methanation reaction member. The water electrolysis member electrolyzes water separated from compressed air. The methanation reaction member generates a natural gas by reacting hydrogen from the electrolysis and carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide collecting member. A method of producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air includes supplying hydrogen electrolyzed from water separated from air and carbon dioxide collected from the dry air to a methanation reaction member to generate a natural gas. A natural gas-synthesizing equipment system includes an apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air. 1. An apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air , comprising:an air-compressing member;a water collecting member for collecting and separating water from the compressed air supplied from the air-compressing member;a water storing member connected to the water collecting member and for storing the collected water;a carbon dioxide collecting member connected to the water collecting member and for collecting carbon dioxide from dry air supplied after the water collecting member collects water;a water electrolysis member for electrolyzing water supplied from the water storing member to generate oxygen and hydrogen;a methanation reaction member for generating a natural gas by methanation reaction of hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen storing member connected to the water electrolysis member and carbon dioxide supplied from a carbon dioxide storing member connected to the carbon dioxide collecting member;a separation member having a means for separating the natural gas, carbon dioxide and water contained in a methanation reaction product supplied from the ...

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Номер записи: 98

03-02-2022 дата публикации

COMBUSTIBLE AND EDIBLE COMPOSITION OF MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES AND SILICIC ACID

Номер: US20220031649A1

Автор: KLAUCK Wolfgang

Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a combustible and edible composition comprising medium-chain triacylglycerols and silica, wherein the composition is in one embodiment a solid shaped body. The invention further relates to the use of a composition or of a solid shaped body as an item of equipment for outdoor activities, camping, sports activities, and/or in a diet. 115.-. (canceled)16. A composition comprisinga) from 70% to 96% by weight of triacylglycerol of saturated fatty acids comprising an alkyl chain of 6 to 12 carbon atoms,b) from 3.0% to 30% by weight of silica, andc) optionally from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight of at least one thickener comprising at least one cellulose derivative and/or water,d) optionally from 1.0% to 35% by weight of at least one additive other than thickeners,in each case based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the ratio of triacylglycerol a) to silica b) is within a range from 1:0.04 to 1:0.4,whereinthe silica is fumed silica or precipitated silica, wherein when the silica is or comprises fumed silica and the composition comprises up to 4.0% by weight thereof, the composition comprises 0.1% to 5.0% by weight of at least one thickener andwhen the silica is or comprises precipitated silica and the composition comprises up to 10% by weight thereof, the composition comprises 0.1% to 5.0% by weight of at least one thickener,wherein the composition has a dynamic viscosity at 21° C. in accordance with DIN 53018 of 50 000 to 400 000 mPa·s, measured with a Brookfield viscometer, spindle 5, at 0.5 revolutions per minute, or is solid at room temperature, and a flash point in accordance with EN 22719 of 210° C. to 240° C.17. The composition as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the thickener is a solid at room temperature.18. The composition as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the thickener comprises further thickeners selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers claim 16 , alginates claim 16 , agar-agar claim 16 , locust bean gum claim ...

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Номер записи: 99

03-02-2022 дата публикации

Renewable transportation fuel process with thermal oxidation sysem

Номер: US20220033722A1

Автор: Jan DE REN, Xin X. Zhu

Принадлежит: Honeywell International Inc

A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

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Номер записи: 100