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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 4004. Отображено 100.
12-01-2012 дата публикации

Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants

Номер: US20120010112A1
Автор: Christian Tock, Cornelia RÖGER-GÖPFERT, Harald BÖHNKE, Ludwig Völkel, Wolfgang Grabarse
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

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Номер записи: 1
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Synergistic Combination of a Hindered Phenol and Nitrogen Containing Detergent for Biodiesel Fuel to Improve Oxidative Stability

Номер: US20120103290A1
Автор: David Hobson, Sarah J. Startin
Принадлежит: Lubrizol Corp

The present invention provides a fuel composition comprising a C1-4 alkyl fatty acid ester, a nitrogen containing detergent, and a phenolic antioxidant. Additionally, the present invention provides for a method of supplying to an internal combustion engine (i) a C1-4 alkyl fatty acid ester; (ii) a fuel which is a liquid at room temperature other than (i); (iii) a nitrogen containing detergent; (iv) and a phenolic antioxidant.

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Номер записи: 2
31-05-2012 дата публикации

High cetane renewable fuels

Номер: US20120132183A1
Автор: Edward T. CASEY, Gary Clyde GUNTER, Matthew J. TRUITT, Thomasin C. Miller
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Co

A method for reducing the emissions of a diesel engine using a RHE-diesel fuel.

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Номер записи: 3
02-08-2012 дата публикации

Fuel Additives Effectively Improving Fuel Economy

Номер: US20120192484A1
Автор: Yun Deng
Принадлежит: Individual

Enhanced fuel combustion within the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines which results in improved fuel economy is obtained by adding fuel additives to the gasoline or diesel. Consequently, the fuel additives reduce pollution of hydrocarbon in environment. The fuel additives are combination of aliphatic oxygenates, monocyclic aromatic compound, and petroleum ether. The aliphatic oxygenates may be methanol, acetone, or a mixture of methanol and acetone. The monocyclic aromatic compounds may be toluene, xylene, or a mixture of toluene and xylene. This invention further relates to the method that manufactures the fuel additives.

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Номер записи: 4
16-08-2012 дата публикации

Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel

Номер: US20120204480A1
Автор: Arlene Hernandez, Duck Joo Yang, James Kenneth Sanders, Richard W. Tock
Принадлежит: Individual

A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

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Номер записи: 5
23-08-2012 дата публикации

Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance

Номер: US20120210966A1
Автор: David P. CLEAVER, James WAGER, John Bennett, Julienne M. Galante-Fox, Matthew H. LINDNER, Scott D. Schwab
Принадлежит: Afton Chemical Corp

A diesel fuel additive package, diesel fuel containing the additive and methods for operating an engine on the diesel fuel and additive. The fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product contains at least one amino triazole group. Component (2) of the additive is a hydrocarbyl succinimide dispersant. The additive also includes (3) a C 2 to C 10 alkyl alcohol; and (4) optionally, a lubricity additive. In the additive, a weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) in the fuel ranges from about 1:3 to about 1:5.

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Номер записи: 6
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Natural antimicrobial compositions

Номер: US20120282207A1
Автор: Patrick Jay Lutz
Принадлежит: Lincoln Manufacturing Inc

The present invention provides novel antimicrobial compositions. In one embodiment, the antimicrobial composition comprises an antimicrobial effective amount of a mixture comprising (a) two or more fatty acids, each of which is natural or naturally derived, and (b) at least one of (i) a natural or naturally derived product, (ii) an alcoholic solvent, or (iii) an organic acid or a salt thereof. The present invention also provides a product comprising a preservative effective amount of the aforementioned mixture.

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Номер записи: 7
24-01-2013 дата публикации

Mixed alcohol fuels for internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, kilns and gasifiers and slurry transportation

Номер: US20130019519A1
Автор: Geradette Giardino, Mark C. Radosevich, Rex R. Stevens, Robert M. Jimeson
Принадлежит: Standard Alcohol Co of America Inc

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in petroleum-based hydrocarbon liquid fuels, synthetic or bio-derived gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke, heavy crude oil, bitumen, or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohol formulations can be blended with ground petroleum coke, coal, heavy crude oil, or bitumen to form a thixotropic slurry for ease of transportation. The mixed alcohol formulations can also be used to shurry transport ground biomass. The mixed alcohol formulations can contain a blend of C 1 -C 5 alcohols, or C 1 -C 8 alcohols or higher C 1 -C 10 alcohols in order to further boost energy content.

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Номер записи: 8
07-02-2013 дата публикации

Diesel fuel compositions for high pressure fuel systems

Номер: US20130031827A1
Автор: Jacqueline Reid, Simon Mulqueen, Vincent Burgess
Принадлежит: Innospec Ltd

A diesel fuel composition comprising, as an additive, a quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 1 is a C 1 to C 22 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 2 and R 3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R 4 is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 22 alkyl group.

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Номер записи: 9
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Synergistic mixture

Номер: US20130130956A1
Автор: Arno Lange, Dietmar Posselt
Принадлежит: Individual

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

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Номер записи: 10
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Methods and compounds for improving sulfide scavenging activity

Номер: US20130131387A1
Автор: Gregory Kaplan, Ping Lue
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

Methods for reducing sulfides from fluid streams are provided. The methods comprise adding secondary amine-formaldehyde adduct (SAFA) scavengers to fluid streams. The SAFA scavengers added comprise less than about 40 wt % N-methyl secondary amines of the total weight of SAFA scavengers. Methods for distilling N-methyl secondary amines from secondary amine-formaldehyde adduct (SAFA) scavengers are also provided. Purified SAFA scavengers are also disclosed.

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Номер записи: 11
11-07-2013 дата публикации

Nanoparticle Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors

Номер: US20130175046A1
Автор: Alexandra Clare Morrison
Принадлежит: Halliburton Energy Services Inc

Inhibiting gas hydrate formation while transporting hydrocarbon fluids may include providing a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor, adding the kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor to a fluid capable of producing gas hydrates, and transporting the fluid that comprises the kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor. Generally a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor may include a heterocyclic compound comprising nitrogen, e.g., poly(vinyl pyrrolidone).

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Номер записи: 12
22-08-2013 дата публикации

Composite carbonaceous fuel compact

Номер: US20130212935A1
Автор: Robert L. Heimann
Принадлежит: Enginuity Worldwide LLC

A carbonaceous compact is provided by the present disclosure that includes a body having a partially or fully carbonaceous biomass composition and an adhesive additive. The adhesive additive includes a starch and a hydroxide. The porous nature of the carbonaceous material provides means for nutrient retention or filtering means. Carbon is activated through chemical or thermal reaction from pyrolyized wood/nut.

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Номер записи: 13
26-09-2013 дата публикации

Fire starter

Номер: US20130247455A1
Автор: Anil Torgalkar, Lionel Xavier, Vilambi Reddy
Принадлежит: Apptec Inc

The Present Invention is a fire starting device for use as kindling manufactured from pine straw, as the primary component, a vegetable oil, natural resins, and an herbal component. The composition of the device differs from prior art devices that burn petroleum hydrocarbons. The device is hollow, having at least one vertical channel and at least one horizontal channel drilled from the outer wall of the device to the inner vertical channel. The fire starter device is ignited from the top, and it burns to produce a high, intense flame that ignites other flammable materials having a much greater kindling temperature. The height of the flame and the burn duration are controlled by the overall size of the device and the sizes of the channels. The device burns clean with a minimum of smoke and harmful or noxious fumes. Burning the device minimally creates air pollution. It burns completely with a minimum of ash residue.

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Номер записи: 14
02-01-2014 дата публикации

Fuel and engine oil composition and its use

Номер: US20140000540A1
Автор: Joseph Michael Russo, Timothy Michael Shea
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A composition is provided that contains a major amount of a hydrocarbon base fluid having a viscosity of up to 600 cST at 40 ° C. and (b) a minor amount of a micronized cellulose acetate butyrate having a particle size distribution on average of less than 30 microns. The compositions reduce and control the friction coefficient and anti-wear film of hydrocarbon base fluids.

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Номер записи: 15
23-01-2014 дата публикации

Use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and a nitrogen compound to reduce fuel consumption

Номер: US20140020285A1
Автор: Hannah Marie KOENIG, Harald Boehnke, Ludwig Voelkel, Marc Walter, Markus Hansch
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

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Номер записи: 16
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Fuel Fix +

Номер: US20140053457A1
Автор: Frank David Elsik
Принадлежит: Individual

A chemical substance for the purpose of removing carbon builds up from burning Chambers of gasoline engines, diesel engines, coal, oil, and gas burning furnaces. A chemical substance for the purpose of helping to protect the environment by Causing engines and furnaces to operate more efficiently. A chemical substance which would improve MPG by reducing carbon build up in internal combustion engines. A chemical substance when mixed with the main fuel in the fuel tank, would cause the fuel to burn more efficiently thus cleaning the system from engine to exhaust.

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Номер записи: 17
05-01-2017 дата публикации

HEAT GENERATION SEGMENT FOR AN AEROSOL-GENERATION SYSTEM OF A SMOKING ARTICLE

Номер: US20170000188A1
Автор: Duggins Donna Walker, Gerardi Anthony Richard, Jackson Thaddeus J., Nordskog Brian Keith
Принадлежит:

A fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article is provided, the fuel element including a combustible carbonaceous material in an amount of at least 25% by dry weight, based on the weight of the fuel element, and a particulate ignition aid dispersed throughout the fuel element and selected from ceramic particles, cellulose particles, fullerenes, impregnated activated carbon particles, inorganic salts, and combinations thereof, wherein the average particle size of the ignition aid is less than about 1,000 microns. Also provided are elongate smoking articles having a lighting end and an opposed mouth end, and including the above-noted fuel element configured for ignition of the lighting end. 1. A fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article , comprising:(a) a combustible carbonaceous material in an amount of at least 25% by dry weight, based on the weight of the fuel element; and(b) a particulate ignition aid dispersed throughout the fuel element and selected from the group consisting of ceramic particles, cellulose particles, fullerenes, impregnated activated carbon particles, inorganic salts, and combinations thereof, wherein the average particle size of the ignition aid is less than about 1,000 microns and with the proviso that when the ignition aid is an inorganic salt, the inorganic salt is present in an amount of no more than about 0.5 dry weight percent based on the total dry weight of the fuel element.2. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the particulate ignition aid is non-catalytic.3. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises ceramic particles or cellulose particles having an average particle size of less than about 500 microns claim 1 , the ceramic particles being glass bubbles or cenospheres.4. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises glass bubbles having an average particle size of about 10 to about 300 microns.5. The fuel element of claim 1 , wherein the ignition aid comprises cellulose particles ...

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Номер записи: 18
06-01-2022 дата публикации

TRIAZINANES AND METHODS OF MAKING THEM

Номер: US20220002256A1
Автор: CHAPELET Judicael Jacques, FORCINITI Leandro
Принадлежит: FLEXSYS AMERICA L.P.

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by the formula: Formula (i) wherein Rcomprises a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; wherein Rcomprises an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a heterocyclic group; and wherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation such as sodium, lithium, or potassium; or a multivalent metallic cation such as zinc, nickel, iron, titanium, or cobalt; or an ammonium or alkyl ammonium cation derived by addition of proton (s) to a nitrogenous base. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R1 comprises a hydrogen atom;wherein R2 comprises an alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; andwherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R1 comprises hydrogen;wherein R2 comprises an alkylene group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; andwherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation or an ammonium or alkyl ammonium cation derived by addition of one or more protons to a nitrogenous base.4. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(ethane-2 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).5. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(propane-3 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).6. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(butane-4 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).7. Sodium S claim 1 ,S′ claim 1 ,S″-((1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triazinane-1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triyl)tris(pentane-5 claim 1 ,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate).8. A method of making the compound of claim 1 , comprising:reacting a haloalkylamine hydrohalide with a metal thiosulfate to obtain an alkylammonium halide thiosulfate metal salt;deprotonating the alkylammonium halide thiosulfate metal salt to obtain an alkylammonium thiosulfate metal salt; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'reacting the alkylammonium ...

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Номер записи: 19
06-01-2022 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20220002627A1
Автор: BERA Tushar, GRIFFITHS Claire, SMITH Alastair Graham, SOUTHBY Mark Clift
Принадлежит:

A fuel composition comprising a base fuel and at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive, wherein the viscosity index (VI) improving additive is a functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer. The viscosity index (VI) improving additive provides improved power output and/or acceleration characteristics. 1. A fuel composition comprising a base fuel and at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive , wherein the viscosity index (VI) improving additive is a functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer.2. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer is produced from reacting an olefin copolymer with a functionalizing component selected from amines claim 1 , amides claim 1 , nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds or alcohols.3. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer is produced from grafting an olefin copolymer with a grafting material and then reacting the grafted material with a functionalizing component selected from amines claim 1 , amides claim 1 , nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds or alcohols.4. The fuel composition according to wherein the olefin copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene with a Cto Colefin.5. The fuel composition according to wherein the Cto Colefin is selected from propylene claim 4 , butylene claim 4 , butadiene claim 4 , isoprene claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The fuel composition according to wherein the olefin copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.7. The fuel composition according to wherein the grafting material is an unsaturated acid.8. The fuel composition according to wherein the grafting material is maleic anhydride.9. The fuel composition according to wherein the functionalizing component is an amine.10. The fuel composition according to wherein the amine is an aromatic amine.11. The fuel composition according to wherein the aromatic amine is N-phenyl-1 claim 10 ,4-phenylenediamine.12. The fuel composition ...

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Номер записи: 20
05-01-2017 дата публикации

FIRE CUBE

Номер: US20170002284A1
Автор: Price Sean
Принадлежит:

A fire-starter cube has a combustible box housing having a bottom, four sides and a lid, a crib of stacked wooden slats, the slats arranged around a central chimney, a plurality of openable doors within the sides configured to admit fresh air, a knock-out on the lid configured to permit the exhaust of hot gases, the removal of the knock-out providing an opening to the chimney, wherein as the cube burns, the fresh air enters the doors and exits from the opening, and wherein the air forms a vortex within the chimney. In an embodiment the cube has wooden shavings within the chimney. The doors may be perforated on three sides and the opening of the doors is selectable by a user. The heat of the burning cube bakes the slats before they ignite. In an embodiment, the lid releasably locks onto the sides of the box. 1. A fire-starter cube , comprising: 'i. a plurality of adjustable doors in communication with at least one of the four sides, wherein at least two of the plurality of adjustable doors are in communication with adjacent sides, and wherein one of the at least two doors is positioned higher than any of the other doors;', 'a. a combustible box housing having a bottom, four sides and a lid attached to at least one of the four sides, wherein the box further comprisesb. a plurality of wooden slats stacked onto one another, wherein each one of the plurality of wooden slats has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end and the second end of each wooden slat contacts a first end or a second end of another wooden slat, and wherein the plurality of wooden slats are arranged around a central chimney, and wherein the plurality of wooden slats are disposed within the combustible box; 'wherein as the cube burns, the fresh air enters the doors and exits from the opening, and wherein the air forms a vortex within the chimney.', 'd. a knock-out on the lid configured to permit the exhaust of hot gases, the removal of the knock-out providing an opening to the chimney,'}2. ...

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Номер записи: 21
07-01-2021 дата публикации

Compositions and Methods for Marking Hydrocarbon Compositions With Non-Mutagenic Dyes

Номер: US20210002570A1
Автор: DOSHI Haresh, FRISWELL Michael, NOWAKOWSKI Thomas E.
Принадлежит:

The disclosure provides dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions. More particularly, the disclosure relates to non-mutagenic dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions. 117.-. (canceled)19. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein n is 1.20. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an ethyl group.21. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an isopropyl group.22. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein Ris an ethyl group.23. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein Ris an isopropyl group.24. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an ethyl group and Ris an ethyl group.25. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an isopropyl group and Ris an isopropyl group.26. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an ethyl group and Ris an isopropyl group.27. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an isopropyl group and Ris an ethyl group.28. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein Ris a heptyl group claim 18 , an octyl group claim 18 , or a nonyl group.29. The compound according to claim 28 , wherein Ris a heptyl group.30. The compound according to claim 29 , wherein n is 1.31. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an ethyl group claim 18 , Ris an ethyl group claim 18 , and Ris a heptyl group claim 18 , an octyl group claim 18 , or a nonyl group.32. The compound according to claim 31 , wherein Ris a heptyl group.33. The compound according to claim 32 , wherein n is 1.34. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an ethyl group claim 18 , Ris an isopropyl group claim 18 , and Ris a heptyl group claim 18 , an octyl group claim 18 , or a nonyl group.35. The compound according to claim 18 , wherein R is an isopropyl group claim 18 , Ris an isopropyl group claim 18 , and Ris a heptyl group claim 18 , an octyl group claim 18 , or a nonyl group.36. The compound according to claim 35 , wherein Ris a heptyl group.37. The compound according to claim 36 , wherein n is 1.38. The compound ...

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Номер записи: 22
03-01-2019 дата публикации

DETERGENT ADDITIVE FOR FUEL

Номер: US20190002780A1
Автор: PREVOST Julie
Принадлежит: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES

The use of one or more copolymers as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engines. The copolymer includes at least one repeat unit having an ester of alkyl or alkyl ester function and a repeat unit containing a nitrile group. 1. A method for keeping clean and/or for cleaning at least one of the internal parts of an internal combustion engine , said method comprising the introduction in said internal combustion engine of at least one copolymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkylester function and one repeating unit comprising a nitrile group.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least:{'sub': 'a', 'one block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m), and'}{'sub': 'b', 'one block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an olefinic monomer (m) comprising a nitrile group.'}3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the block copolymer is obtained by block polymerization claim 2 , optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least:{'sub': 'a', 'one alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m), and'}{'sub': 'b', 'one olefinic monomer (m) comprising a nitrile group.'}5. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m) is chosen from Cto Calkyl (meth)acrylates.7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein monomer (m) is chosen from acrylonitrile claim 6 , methacrylonitrile claim 6 , cyanostyrene and cyano-alpha-methylstyrene.8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least:{'sub': 'a', 'one block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (m), and'}{'sub': 1', 'b, 'one block Bconsisting of a chain of structural units derived from acrylonitrile (m), ...

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Номер записи: 23
12-01-2017 дата публикации

FUEL MODIFIERS FOR NATURAL GAS RECIPROCATING ENGINES

Номер: US20170009166A1
Автор: Maria Amir Gamal, Mukundan Malika, Roucis John Bradley, Schinski William Lawrence, Wolff John Gerard
Принадлежит:

Described herein are fuel modifiers for natural gas reciprocating engines, while recognizing the application of the inventions herein may be applied more broadly, to other natural gas-based engine systems. The fuel modifiers are primarily free-radical initiators, and the presence of this fuel modifier allows the engine operator to operate the engine under leaner conditions because, while employing the same ignition energy, more free-radicals are formed, thus overcoming the problems associated with dilution of the pool of free-radicals in the flame. 1. A modified fuel , comprising a base fuel and a fuel modifier selected from the group consisting of azo compounds , dialkylsulfides , alkyl sulfones , nitroalkyls , peroxygens , and hydrocarbons which contain symmetrically substituted carbon-carbon bonds where that bond is relatively weak.2. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel is natural gas.3. The modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds having a molecular weight of between 80 and 500 g/mol claim 2 , and a decomposition temperature between 80 and 300° C.5. The modified fuel of claim 4 , wherein the fuel modifier is azobisisobutylnitrile.7. The modified fuel of claim 6 , wherein the fuel modifier is dismethylsulfide.9. The modified fuel of claim 8 , wherein the fuel modifier is dismethylsulfone.11. The modified fuel of claim 10 , wherein the fuel modifier is nitromethane.13. The modified fuel of claim 12 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group consisting of linear and branched C-Calkyl peroxides.14. The modified fuel of claim 13 , wherein the fuel modifier is di-tert-butyl peroxide.15. The modified fuel of claim 13 , wherein the fuel modifier is dimethoxymethane.16. The modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group represented by the formula below:{'br': None, 'sub': 13', '14', '12', '14', '12', '13, 'R—C(R, R)—C(R, R, R)'}{'sub': 12', '13 ...

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Номер записи: 24
09-01-2020 дата публикации

STIMULI-RESPONSIVE PARTICLES ENCAPSULATING A GAS AND METHODS OF USE

Номер: US20200009065A1
Автор: Kheir John, Peng Yifeng, Polizzotti Brian D.
Принадлежит: CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER CORPORATION

Provided herein are various gas-filled particles having a stimuli-responsive shell encapsulating the gas. The stimuli-responsive shell comprises one or more release triggers. Compositions for medical or non-medical applications, methods of use and treatment, and methods of preparation are also described. 1. A composition comprisinga stable particle having a shell surrounding a gas core, wherein the shell includes a release trigger.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises nanoparticle aggregates.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the stable particle is formed by nanoprecipitation of an amphiphilic polymer comprising the release trigger at an air/liquid interface to form the shell.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the amphiphilic polymer comprises acetylated dextran (Dex-Ac).5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stable particle is a Pickering foam.6. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is a pH-responsive trigger.7. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is a salt-responsive trigger.8. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is a pressure-responsive trigger.9. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is a temperature-responsive trigger.10. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is a light-responsive trigger.11. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is an ultrasound-responsive trigger.12. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is a magnetic field-responsive trigger.13. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is partial pressure of a gas in a fluid.14. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the release trigger is stable in water.15. The composition of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises a biocompatible polymer or monomer.16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 25
14-01-2021 дата публикации

XANTHENES AS FUEL MARKERS

Номер: US20210009909A1
Автор: Asif Zahid, Cummins Clark H., Jazdzewski Brian A., Reyes Jeremy Chris, Smith Warren E., Winniford William L., Wright Robert J.
Принадлежит:

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand R-substituted xanthene, wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rindependently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; wherein each compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 2. The method of in which R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyl claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyloxy claim 1 , C-Caryl or C-Caryloxy.3. The method of in which R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rcollectively have at least one carbon atom.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 3 , C-Calkyl claim 3 , C-Calkenyl claim 3 , C-Calkoxy claim 3 , C-Calkenyloxy claim 3 , C-Caryl or C-Caryloxy.5. The method of in which the compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.6. The method of in which R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.7. The method of in which at least one of R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Ris alkyl claim 6 , and R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Rare hydrogen.9. The compound of in which R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , Rand R claim 8 , independently are hydrogen claim 8 , C-Calkyl or C-Calkenyl; Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Calkenyl; and in which at least one of R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , Rand Rcontains at least eight carbon atoms.10. The compound of in which R ...

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Номер записи: 26
14-01-2021 дата публикации

DIARYL ETHERS AS FUEL MARKERS

Номер: US20210009910A1
Автор: Asif Zahid, Cummins Clark H., Jazdzewski Brian A., Reyes Jeremy Chris, Smith Warren E., Winniford William L., Wright Robert J.
Принадлежит:

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand R-substituted diaryl ether, wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rindependently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 2. The method of in which R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyl or C-Chydrocarbyloxy.3. The method of in which R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 2 , C-Calkyl claim 2 , C-Calkenyl claim 2 , C-Calkoxy or C-Calkenyloxy.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rcollectively have at least two carbon atoms.5. The method of in which R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.6. The method of in which R claim 5 , R claim 5 , Rand Rare hydrogen.7. The method of in which R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.8. The method of in which each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.10. The compound of in which R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or methyl. This invention relates to a new method for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils, as well as new compounds useful for this purpose.Marking of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils with various kinds of chemical markers is well known in the art. A variety of compounds have been used for this purpose, as well as numerous ...

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Номер записи: 27
14-01-2021 дата публикации

POLYACRYLAMIDE ANTIFOAM COMPONENTS FOR USE IN DIESEL FUELS

Номер: US20210009912A1
Автор: Bush James H., Kovach Rochelle L., Nickerson David M., Perera Jayasooriya Sujith, Salem Kamalakumari K., Schiferl Elizabeth A.
Принадлежит:

There is disclosed an antifoam component which includes at least one acrylamide polymer for use in a diesel fuel. Acrylamide polymers prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer to yield a homopolymer or, alternatively, the acrylamide polymer may be prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer to yield a heteropolymer. 113-. (canceled)15. The composition of claim 14 , further comprising at least one acrylate polymer prepared by polymerizing one or more (meth)acrylate monomers comprising a Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylate.16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the acrylate polymer is at least one of a copolymer claim 15 , block polymer claim 15 , random polymer claim 15 , terpolymer claim 15 , or combinations thereof.17. The composition of claim 15 , comprising:(i) from 1 wt % to 99 wt % (or 5 wt % to 95 wt %) of the acrylamide polymer; and(ii) from 99 wt % to 1 wt % (or 95 wt % to 5 wt %) of the acrylate polymer.19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the acrylamide polymer is a homopolymer and X is N.20. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the acrylamide polymer is a heteropolymer having at least two polymer moieties and wherein for at least one polymer moiety X is N and for at least one polymer moiety X is O.21. The composition of claim 18 , wherein Rand/or Ris branched.22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein Ris linear and Ris branched.23. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the (meth)acrylamide monomer comprises a mono- or di-Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide.24. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the (meth)acrylamide monomer comprises a mono- or di-Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide.25. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the acrylamide polymer comprises at least one heteropolymer prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer.26. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the acrylamide polymer comprises a heteropolymer prepared from a (meth)acrylate ...

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Номер записи: 28
10-01-2019 дата публикации

Use of rare earth complexes as markers of petroleum products, crude oils, biofuels or lubricants

Номер: US20190010413A1
Автор: Anatole COLLET, Antoine Vanlaer, Arthur Marais, Fabien ROSSETTI, Florian LEPOIVRE, Francois Ghillebaert, Mahmoud OULD-METIDJI, Matteo Martini, Olivier Tillement
Принадлежит: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS, Inoventeam, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL

The use, as markers of petroleum products, crude oils, biofuels or lubricants, of rare earth complexes or one of the constituents thereof chosen from rare earth ligands or salts, being capable of forming a rare earth complex after the addition of a developing solution. Preferably, the rare earth complex can be detected by time-resolved fluorescence. Also, a marking method and a method for detecting a rare earth complex as a marker of petroleum products, crude oils, biofuels or lubricants.

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Номер записи: 29
09-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREVENTION OF BIODETERIORATION OF FUELS

Номер: US20200010769A1
Автор: Ruiz Oscar N.
Принадлежит: Government of the United States as Represented by the Secretary of the Air Force

A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth. 1. A method of preventing biodeterioration in a fuel by resisting microbial growth in the fuel , each microbe of the growth having a cellular membrane with at least one efflux pump , the method comprising:administering a lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor to a fuel phase of the fuel, the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor configured to block an efflux transport of toxins by the at least one efflux pump from each of the microbe comprising the growth; andadministering a lyophilized antimicrobial peptide to the fuel phase of the fuel, the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide configured to disrupt cellular membranes of microbes comprising the growth and having a β-sheet conformation, an α-helix conformation, or both.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide in the fuel phase ranges from 1 ppm to 100 ppm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor in the fuel phase ranges from 20 ppm to 80 ppm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of Protegrin-1 claim 1 , Magainin-2 claim 1 , Retrocyclin-101 claim 1 , PR-39 claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of c-capped dipeptides claim 1 , Phe-Arg-β-napththylamide claim 1 , MC-207 claim 1 , aptamers claim 1 , nanobodies claim 1 , antibodies claim 1 , small chemical molecules claim 1 , peptidomimetics claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein concentrations ...

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Номер записи: 30
09-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREVENTION OF BIODETERIORATION OF FUELS

Номер: US20200010770A1
Автор: Ruiz Oscar N.
Принадлежит: Government of the United States as Represented by the Secretary of the Air Force

A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth. 1. An microbial resistant fuel comprising:a fuel phase;an aqueous phase;a lyophilized antimicrobial peptide in the fuel phase, the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide configured to disrupt cellular membranes of microbes comprising the growth and having a β-sheet conformation, an α-helix conformation, or both; anda lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor the fuel phase, the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor configured to block an efflux transport of toxins by the at least one efflux pump from each of the microbe comprising the growth.2. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide in the fuel phase ranges from 1 ppm to 100 ppm.3. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor in the fuel phase ranges from 20 ppm to 80 ppm.4. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of Protegrin-1 claim 1 , Magainin-2 claim 1 , Retrocyclin-101 claim 1 , PR-39 claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.5. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of c-capped dipeptides claim 1 , Phe-Arg-β-napththylamide claim 1 , MC-207 claim 1 , aptamers claim 1 , nanobodies claim 1 , antibodies claim 1 , small chemical molecules claim 1 , peptidomimetics claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.7. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein concentrations of the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide and the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor are ...

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Номер записи: 31
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Production of low sulfur gasoline

Номер: US20170015915A1
Автор: Bryan C. Lu, John P. Greeley, Michael R. Chuba, Mohsen N. Harandi
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Systems and methods are provided for producing naphtha boiling range fractions having a reduced or minimized amount of sulfur and an increased and/or desirable octane rating and suitable for incorporation into a naphtha fuel product. A naphtha boiling range feed can be separated to form a lower boiling portion and a higher boiling portion. The lower boiling portion, containing a substantial amount of olefins, can be exposed to an acidic catalyst without the need for providing added hydrogen in the reaction environment. Additionally, during the exposure of the lower boiling portion to the acidic catalyst, a stream of light olefins (such as C 2 -C 4 olefins) can be introduced into the reaction environment. Adding such light olefins can enhance the C 5 + yield and/or improve the removal of sulfur from thiophene and methyl-thiophene compounds in the naphtha feed.

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Номер записи: 32
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Systems and Processes for Production of Fuel and Fuel Blends

Номер: US20170015919A1
Автор: Baustian James J., Beckwith Paul, Schubert Adam J.
Принадлежит:

Systems and processes for the production of fuel and fuel blends involve the production of fuels for blending with one or more alcohols such as ethanol and/or butanol. A method for producing a fuel blend includes blending a light distillate product from an oil refinery with butanol. The fuel blending can be at the oil refinery. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for producing a blended gasoline , comprising:(a) operating an oil refinery to produce a light distillate product from crude oil; and(b) blending the light distillate product with an amount of butanol to produce a butanol blended gasoline,wherein the light distillate product includes an amount of a light naphtha product comprising pentane, butane, or a mixture thereof, the amount of the light naphtha product being greater than any amount of light naphtha product included in a different light distillate product which is an automotive-grade gasoline free of bioalcohol fuel or which is for blending with an amount of ethanol to produce an automotive-grade blended gasoline.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the light distillate product comprises gasoline.21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the butanol comprises isobutanol.22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the amount of butanol that is blended with the light distillate product is at least about 10 vol % of the butanol blended gasoline.23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the amount of butanol that is blended with the light distillate product is from about 10 vol % to about 16 vol % of the butanol blended gasoline.24. The method of claim 19 , wherein the amount of butanol that is blended with the light distillate product is from about 16 vol % to about 24 vol % of the butanol blended gasoline.25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the amount of ethanol that is blended with the light distillate product for producing the automotive-grade blended gasoline is not more than about 10 vol % of the automotive-grade blended gasoline.26. The method of claim 19 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 33
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Associative polymers and related compositions, methods and systems

Номер: US20190016859A1
Автор: Julia A. Kornfield, Ming-Hsin Wei
Принадлежит: California Institute of Technology CalTech

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

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Номер записи: 34
17-01-2019 дата публикации

FUEL OIL COMPOSITION AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20190016981A1
Автор: Huang Fu-Guan
Принадлежит:

Provided is a fuel oil composition comprising a liquid fuel and carbon black with a particle diameter less than 1 micron. The content of the carbon black is from 0.001 wt % to 4 wt % based on the total weight of the liquid fuel. By way of adding carbon black with the particle diameter less than 1 micron, combustion efficiency of the fuel oil composition used in the internal combustion engine is improved, reducing the emissions of the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide to reduce greenhouse gas production. 1. A fuel oil composition comprising: a liquid fuel and carbon black with a particle diameter less than 1 micron , wherein the content of the carbon black is 0.001 wt % to 4 wt % based on the total weight of the liquid fuel.2. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil composition further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a dispersant claim 1 , a surfactant and a combination thereof.3. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the content of the dispersant is from 0.001 wt % to 4 wt % based on the total weight of the liquid fuel.4. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio of the dispersant to the carbon black is 0.5 to 2.5. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the liquid fuel includes at least one selected from the group consisting of diesel claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , kerosene and a combination thereof.6. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the liquid fuel includes at least one selected from the group consisting of diesel claim 2 , gasoline claim 2 , kerosene and a combination thereof.7. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particle diameter of the carbon black is 10 nm to 400 nm.8. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the particle diameter of the carbon black is 10 nm to 400 nm.9. The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the particle diameter of the carbon black is ...

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Номер записи: 35
17-01-2019 дата публикации

MESITYLENE AS AN OCTANE ENHANCER FOR AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE, ADDITIVE FOR JET FUEL, AND METHOD OF ENHANCING MOTOR FUEL OCTANE AND LOWERING JET FUEL CARBON EMISSIONS

Номер: US20190016982A1
Автор: "DAcosta Chris", Albuzat Thomas, Bower Donald L., Catania Philip J., Johnson Edward, Kasper Kenneth, Rusek John J., Stirm Brian, Ziulkowski Jonathon D.
Принадлежит: Swift Fuels, LLC

A motor fuel comprising gasoline comprising 70-99 wt % gasoline and 1 to 30 wt % of mesitylene. This fuel can advantageously contain conventional additives used in gasoline. The use of mesitylene in gasoline blend yields a fuel blend with a higher research octane number and motor octane number. In addition, an improved jet fuel is provided, having from 1-10 wt % mesitylene added to the jet fuel, having improved carbon emission characteristics while maintaining required specifications. Further, an improved bio-fuel is provided, which may function as a replacement for conventional Jet A/JP-8 fuel and has lowered carbon emission specifications, the bio-fuel comprised of 75-90 wt % synthetic parafinnic kerosene (SPK) and 10-25 wt % mesitylene. 1. A motor fuel comprising 70-99 wt % gasoline and 1-30 wt % mesitylene.2. The motor fuel of comprising 80-99 wt % gasoline and 1-20 wt % mesitylene.3. The motor fuel of comprising 80-95 wt % gasoline and 5-20 wt % mesitylene.4. The motor fuel of comprising 80-90 wt % gasoline and 10-20 wt % mesitylene.5. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP max of 225° C. claim 1 , a MON of 80 to 94 claim 1 , and an RVP of 38-103 kPa.6. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.7. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP max of 185° C.8. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP of 130° C. to 185° C.9. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a MON of at least 91.10. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.11. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has an RVP of 38-49 kPa.12. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.13. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a MON of at least 91.14. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.15. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP max of 185° C.16. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP of 130° C. ...

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Номер записи: 36
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Method Of Marking Hydrocarbon Liquids

Номер: US20190017985A1
Автор: McCallien Duncan William John, STUBBS DAVID
Принадлежит:

The invention concerns a method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid comprising the 1. A method of identifying a hydrocarbon liquid comprising the steps of:adding to said liquid, 1,3-dibromotetrafluorobenzene as a tracer compound, andsubsequently analyzing a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid for the presence of said tracer compound to determine whether said sample is a sample of said marked hydrocarbon liquid.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the tracer compound is retained in the hydrocarbon liquid after a sample of the liquid containing from 10 to 15 ppbv of the tracer compound has passed through a column of fresh activated charcoal.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the tracer compound is retained in the hydrocarbon liquid after a sample of the liquid containing from 10 to 15 ppbv of the tracer compound has passed through a column of fresh powdered sepiolitic clay.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the tracer compound has a boiling point within the distillation range of the hydrocarbon liquid or within 10° C. of the boiling point of the hydrocarbon liquid.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein more than one tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid in such a quantity as to produce a final concentration in the liquid of from 1 to 500 ppbv.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid in such a quantity as to produce a final concentration in the liquid in the range from 1-100 ppbv.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the tracer compound is retained in the hydrocarbon liquid after a sample of the liquid containing from 10 to 15 ppbv of the tracer compound has been vigorously agitated in contact with 10% aqueous HCl.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the tracer compound is retained in the ...

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Номер записи: 37
21-01-2021 дата публикации

METHODS TO REDUCE FREQUENCY OF DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER REGENERATION

Номер: US20210017464A1
Автор: Galante-Fox Julienne, Sears Brian, Whalen Timothy J.
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a method of reducing regeneration frequency of a diesel particulate filter in a vehicle combusting diesel fuel. The method includes combusting a diesel fuel in a vehicle engine having a diesel particulate filter and wherein the diesel particulate filter requires regeneration thereof. The diesel fuel has less than about 50 ppmw of sulfur and one or more select additives to reduce a measured frequency of regeneration of the diesel particulate filter. 1. A method of reducing measured regeneration frequency of a diesel particulate filter in a vehicle combusting diesel fuel , the method comprising: (i) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic anhydride derivative prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent with an amine, polyamine, or alkyl amine having one or more primary, secondary, or tertiary amino groups;', '(ii) a quaternary ammonium internal salt obtained from amines or polyamines that is substantially devoid of any free anion species; or', '(iii) a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound and an amine compound selected from the group consisting of guanidine, urea, thiourea, and combinations thereof;, '(a) combusting a diesel fuel in a vehicle engine, wherein the vehicle includes a diesel particulate filter associated with the engine and wherein the diesel particulate filter requires regeneration thereof, the diesel fuel having less than about 50 ppm of sulfur and one or more additives selected from'}(b) regenerating the diesel particulate filter while combusting the diesel fuel; and(c) comparing the frequency of regeneration of the diesel particulate filter when combusting the diesel fuel comprising the one or more additives with the frequency of regeneration of the diesel particulate filter when combusting a diesel fuel which is devoid of the one or more additives; wherein the frequency of regenerations per 1000 miles of the diesel particulate filter when combusting the diesel fuel comprising ...

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Номер записи: 38
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Polyacrylate Antifoam Components With Improved Thermal Stability

Номер: US20200017793A1
Автор: Adams Tina M., Barton William R.S., Dickerson David M., Dishong Dennis M., Hughes Kevin J., Huston Michael E., Joniec Christopher H., Knobloch Donald J., Kovach Rochelle L., Schiferl Elizabeth A.
Принадлежит:

There is disclosed an antifoam component for a mechanical device which includes a poly(acrylate) copolymer. The antifoam component has improved thermal stability in finished fluids utilizing dibutyl hydrogen phosphite compounds, such as driveline fluids. 2. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , further comprising a phosphorous-containing component.3. The lubricating composition of claim 2 , wherein the phosphorous-containing component comprises one or more of a phosphite claim 2 , a phosphorus-containing amide claim 2 , a phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid or ester claim 2 , a phosphorus-containing ether claim 2 , and mixtures and derivatives thereof.4. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate monomer (i) is present in an amount of about 80 wt % claim 1 , or about 85 wt % claim 1 , and the comonomer (ii) is present in an amount of about 15 wt % claim 1 , or about 20 wt %.5. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate monomer (i) comprises C6-C8 alkyl esters of acrylic acid.6. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate monomer (i) comprises 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.7. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the comonomer (ii) comprises ethyl acrylate or propyl acrylate.8. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate monomer (i) is 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and the comonomer (ii) is ethyl acrylate.9. The lubricating composition of claim 8 , wherein the acrylate monomer (i) is present in an amount of 85 wt % and the comonomer (ii) is present in an amount of 15 wt %.10. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the antifoam component has a Mof from 22 claim 1 ,000 to 27 claim 1 ,000 Da.11. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the antifoam component is present in the lubricating composition in an amount from 50 ppm to about 600 ppm.12. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one further additive selected from the group consisting of ...

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Номер записи: 39
22-01-2015 дата публикации

SYNTHETIC FIREPLACE LOG

Номер: US20150020442A1
Автор: Gomez Jose J.
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a synthetic fireplace log and a process for making a synthetic fireplace log which is adapted to utilize wood derivative materials, such as wood chips, sawdust or virtually any wood-based product, such as paper and cardboard. The wood derivative materials are molded into a desired shape and held together with a non-petroleum based binder to form a synthetic fireplace log. In order to increase the flammability of the log, the synthetic fireplace log may optionally be sprayed or soaked with either a petroleum or non-petroleum-based flammability agent. Even though a petroleum-based flammability agent is used for soaking and/or spraying the synthetic log, the off-gassing is minimized since the petroleum-based spray is burned off relatively quickly. In other embodiments of the invention, a non-petroleum-based flammability agent is utilized. Suitable non-petroleum-based flammability agents include, for example, vegetable oil, corn oil, soybean oil, granola oil, and lard. These non-petroleum-based flammability agents produce no unpleasant odors. Moreover, the process for making the synthetic log is relatively simple and can be made from relatively inexpensive components, thus reducing the cost for making such synthetic logs. 1. A synthetic fireplace log comprising: wood derivative materials; and non-petroleum based binder for binding said wood derivative materials.2. The synthetic fireplace log as recited in ; wherein said wood derivative materials include wood chips.3. The synthetic fireplace log as recited in ; wherein said wood derivative materials include saw dust.4. The synthetic fireplace log as recited in ; wherein said wood derivative materials include paper.5. The synthetic fireplace log as recited in ; wherein said wood derivative materials include cardboard.6. The synthetic fireplace log as recited in ; further including a flammability agent.7. The synthetic fireplace log as recited in ; wherein said flammability agent is ...

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Номер записи: 40
26-01-2017 дата публикации

NATURAL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20170020802A1
Автор: Ali Abdulkadir Hashi
Принадлежит:

A natural composition comprises a plurality of ingredients that are mixed in predetermined percentages to formulate a natural, healthful, and flavorful composition that integrates into at least one consumable item to produce a flavorful, healthful enhanced consumable item. The ingredients of the composition include a Frankincense oil, a gum, and a fruit aroma compound. The ingredients are mixed together in varying weight percentages for a desired outcome when integrated with the consumable item. The combination of ingredients creates a synergy that enhances the consumable item. The composition is mixed, dissolved, distilled, or ground with the consumable item. The consumable item may include a tobacco, a charcoal briquette, an energy drink, mineral water, butter, a mouthwash, and toothpaste. 1. A composition comprising:a plurality of ingredients being configured to be mixed in predetermined weight percentages, said plurality of ingredients comprising a Frankincense oil, a gum, and a fruit aroma compound.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said ingredients are natural claim 1 , and generally nonvolatile.356. The composition of claim 2 , in which said Frankincense comprises about percent acid resin claim 2 , soluble in alcohol and having said formula: CHO.4. The composition of claim 3 , in which said gum comprises gum Arabic 30-36%.5. The composition of claim 4 , in which said fruit aroma compound comprises an apple aroma compound.6. The composition of claim 5 , in which said fruit aroma compound comprises a banana aroma compound.7. The composition of claim 6 , in which said fruit aroma compound comprises a cherry aroma compound.8. The composition of claim 7 , in which said fruit aroma compound comprises a coconut aroma compound.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein said composition is configured to integrate into at least one consumable item.10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein said composition is configured to mix with said at least one consumable item.11. ...

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Номер записи: 41
28-01-2016 дата публикации

FUEL ADDITIVE AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

Номер: US20160024410A1
Автор: Cordatos Haralambos, Opalka Susanne M.
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a fuel additive which may remove varnish precursor species in a jet fuel. In particular, the fuel additive may be a multi-functional adsorbent which includes a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional interconnected mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework and a plurality of internal cavities formed in the mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework and the internal cavities include charged sites to accommodate fuel contaminants for varnish formation, such as metal ions and heteroatomic contaminants. In addition, methods of preparing the multi-functional adsorbent and methods for removing varnish precursor species with the fuel additive are provided. 1. A multi-functional adsorbent for jet fuel , comprising:a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional interconnected mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework; anda plurality of internal cavities formed in the mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework,wherein the internal cavities include positively charged sites, negatively charged sites or combinations thereof.2. The multi-functional adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework is formed of a zeolite claim 1 , aluminophosphate claim 1 , hydrotalcite claim 1 , silicate clay claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , transition metal oxides claim 1 , doped variations thereof claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The multi-functional adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the size of each internal cavity of the mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework is in a range from about 0.3 nm to about 4 nm.4. The multi-functional adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework includes a polynuclear cluster claim 1 , wherein the polynuclear cluster contains one or more positively charged or negatively charged sites.5. The multi-functional adsorbent of claim 4 , wherein the polynuclear cluster is an Alcluster claim 4 , {[AlO(OH)(HO)]·nCl} claim 4 , a polyoxometalate {[XMO]·mH}or combinations thereof claim 4 ,{' ...

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Номер записи: 42
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Antioxidants and Methods to Maximize Performance

Номер: US20180022729A1
Автор: Derek A. Pratt, Evan Anthony Haidasz, Luca Valgimigli, Ronak Mayankbhai Shah
Принадлежит: Universita di Bologna, UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA

A method of preventing or reducing the level of degradation of an organic substrate is described, wherein a composition is formed that includes the organic substrate together with an effective amount of a sacrificial base and a diarylamine antioxidant.

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Номер записи: 43
10-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHARCOAL

Номер: US20220041948A1
Автор: HUPFAUF Benjamin
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material, b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically, c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted to the material of the full stream and to the shape of the flow cross-section of the reduction unit in such a way that a stable fixed bed kept in suspension is formed in the reduction unit, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via an overflow, e) separating gaseous components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal, and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water. 1. A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of:a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material,b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically,c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted ...

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Номер записи: 44
24-01-2019 дата публикации

COPOLYMERS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20190023826A1
Автор: He Qiwei, MORALES John M., PHILBIN Michael Timothy, THOMAIDES John Socrates, VADILLO Damien Christian
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a specific copolymer obtainable by co-polymerizing at least the following monomers: —more than 80 wt % of at least one bicyclic (meth)acrylate ester, —0.05 to 15% w/w styrene, and—optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, as well as to the way to synthesize them and the use of such polymers to modify the rheology of a liquid in which they are soluble. 1. A copolymer comprising:83-99.95 wt % of the bicyclic (meth)acrylate esters (a),0.05 to 12 wt % of styrene (b), and0 to 19 wt % of ethylenically unsaturated monomers that are not monomer (a) or (b),up to a total of 100 wt %, wherein the weight percentages of the monomer are based on the total weight of all the monomers.3. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is a random co-polymer.6. A copolymer according to claim 1 , comprising a total of bicyclic (meth)acrylate ester and styrene in an amount of 90 wt % of the total monomer claim 1 , or more.7. A copolymer according of claim 6 , comprising a total of bicyclic (meth)acrylate ester and styrene in an amount of 95 wt % or more.8. A copolymer according to claim 7 , wherein the copolymer is produced from isobornyl methacrylate and styrene.9. A copolymer according to claim 1 , having a cloud point in fuel of 12.5° C. or lower.10. A copolymer according to claim 1 , having an average weight average molecular weight of from 100 claim 1 ,000 to 50 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 D.11. Additive package for fuels comprising a copolymer of .12. Method for the preparation of a copolymer of comprising the step of radically polymerizing the specified monomers.13. Method for the preparation of an additives package for fuel claim 1 , comprising the step of making a solution comprising a copolymer of and one or more other fuel additives.14. Use of a polymer or additive package according to claim 1 , for modifying the rheology of a fluid claim 1 , by dissolving said polymer into said fluid claim 1 , whereby said fluid is not a fuel for ...

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Номер записи: 45
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon / lipid - carotenoid complexes

Номер: US20210023223A1
Автор: Ivan Petyaev
Принадлежит: IP Science Ltd

The invention relates to uses of hydrocarbon/lipid complexes with carotenoids for improvement properties of hydrocarbon-based products as well as related methods and uses.

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Номер записи: 46
29-01-2015 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DRYING BIOMASS

Номер: US20150027039A1
Автор: Baughman Timothy, Duerichen Johann, Laskowski Donald, Laskowski Scott
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for drying a biomass or organic material through one or more auger tubes that may be connected in series. Rotation of the augers drives the movement of the material longitudinally through the auger tubes. In addition, the one or more auger tubes are also heated by a hot liquid or water that may be circulated through a jacket(s) surrounding the one or more auger tubes, and a generally longitudinal flow of air or gas through the one or more auger tubes may be caused by operation of a fan or blower. The operation of a dryer apparatus of the present invention may also be monitored and controlled by a computer to optimize or improve drying conditions. Thus, one or more operational parameters of a dryer apparatus may be altered or controlled based on one or more measurements, such as temperature. 1. An apparatus for drying a material comprising:an auger tube, the auger tube having an elongated jacket that surrounds most or all of the auger tube and encloses a jacketed space between the jacket and the auger tube;an auger, the auger being positioned within the interior of the auger tube;an auger motor, the auger motor being physically coupled to the auger for causing rotation of the auger; anda blower, the blower being in fluid communication with the interior of the auger tube for causing a flow of air or gas through the auger tube by operation of the blower,wherein the auger tube has a first end and a second end, the first end and the second end of the auger tube being on opposite longitudinal ends of the auger tube, andwherein the auger tube has an input opening for receiving the material into the interior of the auger tube and an output opening for allowing the material to exit the interior of the auger tube, the input opening being at or near the first end of the auger tube and the output opening being at or near the second end of the auger tube.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the auger tube has a circular ...

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Номер записи: 47
23-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD AND USE

Номер: US20200024532A1
Автор: Le Manquais Katherine, Petts Matthew, Ross Alan Norman
Принадлежит: INNOSPEC LIMITED

A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound or formula H—(OR)—OR, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group, Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1. 1. A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound or formula H—(OR)—OR , wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group , Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1.2. A method of combatting deposits in a diesel engine , the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound of formula H—(OR)—OR , wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group , Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1.3. (canceled)4. The composition according to wherein the optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride.5. The composition according to wherein each R is ethylene or propylene claim 1 , and n is from 1 to 40.6. The composition according to wherein Ris a Cto Calkyl group.7. The composition according to wherein the polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof includes an optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 100 carbon atoms.8. The composition according to wherein the optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or hydrocarbyl substituted anhydride and compound of formula H—(OR)n-ORare reacted in a ratio of from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5.9. The composition according to wherein the additive is the reaction product of a succinic acid or anhydride having a Cto Calkyl or alkenyl substituent and a Cto ...

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Номер записи: 48
23-01-2020 дата публикации

COMPOSITION AND METHODS AND USES RELATING THERETO

Номер: US20200024533A1
Автор: Le Manquais Katherine, Petts Matthew, Ross Alan Norman
Принадлежит: INNOSPEC LIMITED

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): (I) where in X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NRwherein Ris H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammoniumcation; A is an anion; Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group; Ris hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when Ris hydrogen. 1. (canceled)3. (canceled)5. The salt claim 2 , composition according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive is prepared by reacting:(a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof; with{'sup': 3', '2, 'sub': 'n', '(b) an alcohol of formula R(OR)OH;'}(c) a reactive alcohol or amine including a tertiary amino group; and(d) a quaternising agent.6. The composition according to wherein X is an optionally substituted alkylene or arylene and Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.7. The composition according to wherein n is 0 and Ris an optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms.8. The composition according to wherein each Ris ethylene or propylene.9. The composition according to wherein Ris hydrogen and n is at least 1.10. The composition according to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms and n is from 1 to 40.12. The composition according to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms claim 11 , Ris Cto Calkyl claim 11 , Ris Cto Calkyl and Ris an unsubstituted Cto Calkyl group or a hydroxy substituted Cto Calkyl group.13. The composition according to wherein A is a carboxylate anion.14. (canceled)15. The composition according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive is prepared by reacting:(a) an optionally substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof;{'sup': 2', '3, 'sub': 'n', '(b) an alcohol of formula H(OR)OH or ROH;'}(c) a reactive alcohol including a tertiary amino group; and(d) a quaternising agent.16. ...

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Номер записи: 49
10-02-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HOLISTIC LOW CARBON INTENSITY FUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220044336A1
Автор: Herold Gregory, Whikehart David
Принадлежит: MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY LP

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel. 1. A process to provide a low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuel obtained through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various feedstock procurement , feedstock transportation , feedstock refining and fuel product distribution pathways , the process comprising:selecting a carbon intensity threshold to define an upper limit for carbon intensity of a transportation fuel to be provided to an end user location that qualifies the transportation fuel as a low carbon intensity transportation fuel;selecting a refinery feedstock that is procured at a source for transport, the refinery feedstock being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting a transportation mode to transport the refinery feedstock from the source to a refinery, the transportation mode being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting two or more refinery processes to reduce carbon emissions and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold, the two or more refinery processes available at the refinery selected from a group comprising (a) power at least a portion of refinery equipment ...

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Номер записи: 50
02-02-2017 дата публикации

COMPOSITIONS BASED ON ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMERS AND THEIR USE AS ANTI-GELLING ADDITIVES OF PARAFFINIC CRUDE OILS

Номер: US20170029732A1
Автор: AGNOLI Michela, Casalini Alessandro, MARIANI Paolo, MERLINI Massimo
Принадлежит:

A polymeric composition suitable for lowering the Pour Point of paraffinic crude oils comprising a synergic mixture including at least two ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers respectively having an average molecular weight Mw lower than 130,000 Dalton (measured via GPC), a content of vinyl acetate monomer ranging from 15 to 50% by weight, with the proviso that the content of vinyl acetate monomer in the respective copolymers differs from one copolymer to another, by over 5%, on a weight basis. 1. A polymeric composition suitable for lowering the Pour Point of paraffinic crude oils comprising a synergic mixture comprising at least two ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers having an average molecular weight Mranging from 25 ,000 to 100 ,000 Dalton (measured via GPC) , a content of vinyl acetate (VA) monomer ranging from 15 to 50% by weight , respectively , with the proviso that the content of vinyl acetate monomer in the respective copolymers differs from one another by a value higher than 5% on a weight basis.2. The polymeric composition according to claim 1 , wherein the number of EVA copolymers in the synergic mixture ranges from 2 to 6.3. The polymeric composition according to claim 1 , wherein the EVA copolymers have a weight average molecular weight Mranging from 25 claim 1 ,000 to 80 claim 1 ,000 Dalton.4. The polymeric composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of VA comonomers claim 1 , on a weight basis claim 1 , differs from one copolymer to another by a value from 7 to 22%.5. The polymeric composition according to claim 1 , wherein the synergic mixture comprises three EVA copolymers having a content of vinyl acetate comonomer of 20 claim 1 , 30 and 40% by weight claim 1 , respectively.6. The polymeric composition according to claim 1 , wherein the synergic mixture comprises three EVA copolymers having a content of vinyl acetate comonomer of 24 claim 1 , 33 and 40% by weight claim 1 , respectively.7. The polymeric composition according to claim ...

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Номер записи: 51
04-02-2016 дата публикации

POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS AS POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS FOR CRUDE OILS

Номер: US20160032200A1
Автор: FRENZEL Stefan, GARCIA CASTRO Ivette, Gumlich Kai, Heuken Maria, Konrad Rouven, Neubecker Karin
Принадлежит:

Polymeric compositions obtainable by free-radical polymerization of at least two different alkyl (meth)acrylates in the presence of at least one ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer, the alkyl (meth)acrylates used being a mixture comprising alkyl (meth)acrylates having linear C- to C-alkyl radicals and different alkyl (meth)acrylates having linear C- to C-alkyl radicals and/or branched C- to C-alkyl radicals and/or cyclic C- to C-alkyl radicals. The use of such polymeric compositions as pour point depressants for crude oils, mineral oils or mineral oil products. 123.-. (canceled)24. A process for lowering the pour point of a crude oil , the process comprising adding a polymer composition to the crude oil , the polymer composition obtained by free-radical polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers (A) in the presence of at least one ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer (B) , whereinthe unsaturated monomers (A) comprise at least 70% by weight of alkyl (meth)acrylates (A1) based on a total amount of monomers (A),{'sub': 2', '1', '4, 'sup': 1', '1, 'the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers (B) comprise 55 to 85% by weight of ethylene and 15 to 45% by weight of vinyl esters of formula (III) HC═CH—O—(O)C—R, where Ris H or a C-Chydrocarbyl radical, and'}the amount of the monomers (A) accounts for 70 to 90% by weight, and the amount of the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers (B) accounts for 10 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers (A) and the copolymers (B), of the polymer composition,wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylates (A1) consist of a mixture of{'sub': '2', 'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3, '(A1a) 50 to 99 mol % of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate of formula HC═C(R)—COOR, where Ris H or a methyl group, and Ris a linear alkyl radical having 12 to 60 carbon atoms, and'}{'sub': '2', 'sup': 2', '4', '2', '4', '4a', '4b', '4c, '(A1b) 1 to 49 mol % of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate of formula HC═C(R)—COOR, where Ris as defined above, and Ris a hydrocarbyl radical ...

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Номер записи: 52
01-02-2018 дата публикации

BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND THE USE THEREOF FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES

Номер: US20180030363A1
Автор: COLLETTE Floraine, HEROGUEZ Valérie, PREVOST Julie
Принадлежит: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES

The invention relates to a block copolymer and the use thereof as a cold resistance additive of a fuel or combustible. The block copolymer comprises: (i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomer; and (ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated monomer selected from styrene derivatives, the aromatic ring of which is substituted by at least one group R selected from the groups: Cto Calkyl esters, and preferably acyclic linear or branched Cto Chydrocarbonated chains, said chain being substituted by at least one group containing a quaternary ammonium salt. The invention also relates to an additive concentrate containing such a copolymer and to the use thereof as an anti-sedimentation additive, and advantageously, as a TLF booster additive. 1. A block copolymer comprising:(i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomers, and [{'sub': 1', '24, 'Cto Calkyl esters, and'}, {'sub': 1', '12, 'linear or branched, preferably acyclic, Cto Chydrocarbon-based chains, preferably alkyl groups, said chain being substituted by one or more groups containing a quaternary ammonium salt.'}], '(ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated monomers chosen from styrene derivatives, the aromatic ring of which is substituted by at least one group R chosen from the groups2. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it also comprises (iii) an end chain I consisting of a cyclic or acyclic claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , linear or branched claim 1 , Cto Chydrocarbon-based chain claim 1 , said chain being located at the terminal position of said block copolymer.3. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the α claim 1 ,β-unsaturated monomer of the block A ...

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Номер записи: 53
01-02-2018 дата публикации

BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND THE USE THEREOF FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES

Номер: US20180030364A1
Автор: COLLETTE Floraine, HEROGUEZ Valérie, PREVOST Julie
Принадлежит: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES

The invention relates to a block copolymer and the use thereof as a cold resistance additive of a fuel or combustible. The block copolymer comprises: (i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomer; and (ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated monomer containing at least one aromatic ring. The invention also relates to an additive concentrate containing such a copolymer and to the use thereof as a TLF booster and, advantageously, as an anti-sedimentation additive. 1. A block copolymer comprising:(i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomers, and(ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated monomers containing at least one aromatic ring, preferably chosen from styrene or styrene derivatives.2. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it also comprises (iii) an end chain I consisting of a cyclic or acyclic claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , linear or branched claim 1 , Cto Chydrocarbon-based chain claim 1 , said chain being located at the terminal position of said block copolymer.3. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the α claim 1 ,β-unsaturated monomer of the block A is chosen from linear or branched Cto C claim 1 , preferably Cto Calkyl methacrylates or acrylates.4. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the α claim 1 ,β-unsaturated monomer of the block B is chosen from styrene and styrene derivatives claim 1 , the aromatic ring of which is substituted by at least one group R chosen from the groups:hydroxyl,{'sub': 1', '24, 'Cto Calkyl ethers,'}{'sub': 1', '24, 'Cto Calkyl esters, and'}{'sub': 1', '12, 'linear or branched, preferably acyclic, Cto Chydrocarbon-based chains, preferably ...

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Номер записи: 54
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Charcoal Pillow Pack

Номер: US20180035845A1
Автор: Hollman Philip Alan
Принадлежит:

A pillow pack for charcoal briquettes comprises a plurality of briquettes arranged as a flexible flat planar array having a specific geometric shape and held together by a connecting material which is contact with each charcoal briquette and which may or may not be liquid fuel infused. 12-. (canceled)3. The charcoal briquette pillow pack as set forth in claim 11 , wherein said fabric material comprises a string made of up to 85% jute and 15% nylon.4. The charcoal briquette pillow pack as set forth in claim 3 , wherein said rigid geometric shape is a rectangle.5. The charcoal briquette pillow pack as set forth in claim 3 , wherein said connection material is saturated with liquid fuel.6. The charcoal briquette pillow pack as set forth in claim 3 , wherein handles are provided at either end of said connection material for grasping the charcoal briquette pillow pack.78-. (canceled)9. The charcoal briquette pillow pack as set forth in claim 12 , wherein said connection material is saturated with liquid fuel.10. The charcoal briquette pillow pack as set forth in claim 12 , wherein the rigid geometric shape is a rectangle.11. A charcoal briquette pillow pack comprising: a plurality of charcoal briquettes arranged contiguously in a flexible flat planar array and a connection material in contact with each charcoal briquette in said flexible flat planar array such that said connection material maintains the charcoal briquettes in a rigid geometric shape and wherein the connection material is a flexible wire covered by a fabric material.12. A charcoal briquette pillow pack comprising: a plurality of charcoal briquettes arranged contiguously in a flexible flat planar array and a connection material in contact with each charcoal briquette in said flexible flat planar array such that said connection material maintains the charcoal briquettes in a rigid geometric shape claim 12 , wherein said connection material comprises an upper perforated open weave mesh and a lower perforated ...

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Номер записи: 55
09-02-2017 дата публикации

POLYMERS AS ADDITIVES FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

Номер: US20170037336A1
Автор: Flores-Figueroa Aaron, GARCIA CASTRO Ivette, HANSCH Markus, Mezger Jochen, Muehlbach Klaus, PERETOLCHIN Maxim, VOELKEL Ludwig
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants. 1: A method for improving a fuel or a lubricant , the method comprising:adding at least one copolymer to the fuel or the lubricant, at least 4 acid groups per polymer chain,', 'a ratio of carbon atoms per acid group of 7 to 35, and', 'an acid number of 80 to 320 mg KOH/g, determined by potentiographic titration with 0.5 molar aqueous hydrochloric acid after heating in a 0.5 molar ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution for three hours, and, 'wherein the copolymer comprises a statistical average of'}wherein the adding results in the copolymer functioning as at least one selected from the group consisting of a fuel additive for reducing the fuel consumption of a direct injection diesel engine, for minimizing power loss in a direct injection diesel engine, or both, a diesel fuel additive for reducing deposits, preventing deposits, or both in a fuel system, and a gasoline fuel additive for reducing the level of deposits in an intake system of a direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine, a port fuel injector gasoline engine, or both.2: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid groups are carboxyl groups.3: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises up to 50 acid groups per polymer chain.4: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises not more than 5 functional groups other than oxygen-containing functional groups and nitrogen-containing functional groups per polymer chain.5: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises not more than 3 oxygen-containing functional groups per polymer chain other than carbonate groups claim 1 , ether groups or ester groups.6: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises not more than 20 ether groups per polymer chain.7: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises not more than 50 ester groups or carbonate groups per polymer chain ...

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Номер записи: 56
24-02-2022 дата публикации

IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO FUEL ECONOMY

Номер: US20220056359A1
Автор: SMITH Alastair Graham
Принадлежит:

Use of a viscosity increasing component in a diesel fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the fuel economy of an engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced, or of a vehicle powered by such an engine, wherein the viscosity increasing component is a viscosity index (VI) improving additive, wherein the VI improving additive comprises a linear block copolymer, which contains one or more monomer blocks selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene and styrene monomers and wherein the VI improving additive is used at a concentration of from 0.001% w/w to 0.05% w/w. 1. A use of a viscosity increasing component in a diesel fuel composition , for the purpose of improving the fuel economy of an engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced , or of a vehicle powered by such an engine , wherein the viscosity increasing component is a viscosity index (VI) improving additive , wherein the VI improving additive comprises a linear block copolymer , which contains one or more monomer blocks selected from ethylene , propylene , butylene , butadiene , isoprene and styrene monomers and wherein the VI improving additive is used at a concentration of from 0.001% w/w to 0.05% w/w.2. The use of claim 1 , wherein the VI improving additive comprises a polystyrene-polyisoprene linear block copolymer.5. The use of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity increasing component is used in an amount sufficient to increase the kinematic viscosity of the diesel fuel composition at 40° C. by:{'sup': '2', 'i) at least 0.005 mm/s;'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'ii) 0.01 mm/s to 1.0 mm/s; or'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'iii) 0.01 mm/s to 0.5 mm/s;'}6. The use of claim 1 , wherein the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the diesel fuel composition comprising the viscosity increasing component is in the range of:{'sup': '2', 'i) up to 4.5 mm/s'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'ii) between 2.0 mm/s and 4.0 mm/s; or'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'iii) between 3.0 mm/s and 3.8 mm/s.'}7. ...

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Номер записи: 57
24-02-2022 дата публикации

QUATERNARY FATTY AMIDOAMINE COMPOUND FOR USE AS AN ADDITIVE FOR FUEL

Номер: US20220056360A1
Автор: CENACCHI PEIRERA Ana Maria, MAZARIN Michael, OBIOLS Jérôme, PREVOST Julie, SANSON Julien
Принадлежит: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES

The present invention relates to a fuel composition comprising a liquid fuel and a compound of dimer amide quaternary ammonium type. The invention also relates to the use of the compound of dimer amide quaternary ammonium type as a detergent Q additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engine. 2. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein Z is selected from alkyl claim 1 , alkenyl or aryl group claim 1 , optionally substituted by a functional group comprising oxygen and/or a nitrogen atom(s) claim 1 , having a molar mass strictly less than 237 g/mol.3. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein Y represents a C-Clinear or branched claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , hydrocarbyl group constituted by carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms and/or n ranges from 1 to 6.4. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein A claim 1 , B claim 1 , C and D represent claim 1 , independently to each other claim 1 , an alkyl or an alkenyl group with a number of carbon atoms resulting in a molar mass of A+B+C+D ranging from 84 to 2000 g/mol.5. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein R1 claim 1 , R2 claim 1 , R3 are identical and selected from alkyl groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.7. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid fuel is selected from diesel fuels and gasoline fuels.8. The fuel composition according to claim 7 , which is a diesel fuel composition further comprising at least one betaine compound.9. The fuel composition according to claim 7 , which is a gasoline fuel composition further comprising a Mannich base.10. The fuel composition according to claim 7 , which is a gasoline fuel composition further comprising a polyisobutylene succinimide compound.11. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , further comprising at least 5 ppm by weight of the compound of formula (I).13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein in the compound of formula (I) claim 12 , Z is selected from alkyl claim 12 , ...

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Номер записи: 58
07-02-2019 дата публикации

USE OF A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID FOR IMPROVING OR BOOSTING THE SEPARATION OF WATER FROM FUEL OILS AND GASOLINE FUELS

Номер: US20190040332A1
Автор: BOEHNKE Harald, VOELKEL Ludwig, WALTER Marc
Принадлежит: BASF SE

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents. 1. A method of improving separation of water from a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel , the method comprising:contacting (A) a polyisobutenylsuccinic acid having a polyisobutenyl substituent comprising 32 to 100 carbon atoms with a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel comprising(B) at least one nitrogen compound quaternized in the presence of an acid or in an acid-free manner, obtained by addition of a compound comprising at least one oxygen- or nitrogen-containing group reactive with an anhydride and additionally at least one quaternizable amino group onto a polycarboxylic anhydride compound and subsequent quaternization, as an additive with a detergent action, and(C) as an additive component, an alkoxylation copolymer comprising at least one alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, and other oxides, as a dehazer.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide ethylene oxide.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide propylene oxide.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide butylene oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide styrene oxide.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide an epoxy based resin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil further comprises as an additive component (D) at least one cetane number improver.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil consists of:(a) 0.1 to 100% by weight of at least one biofuel oil based on one or more fatty acid esters, and(b) 0 to 99.9% by weight of one or more middle distillates of fossil origin and/or ...

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Номер записи: 59
06-02-2020 дата публикации

ASSOCIATIVE POLYMERS AND RELATED COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20200040141A1
Автор: KORNFIELD Julia A., WEI Ming-Hsin
Принадлежит:

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms. 2. The framing associative polymer of claim 1 , having a weight averaged molecular weight equal to or lower than about 2 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.3. The framing associative polymer of claim 1 , having a weight averaged molecular weight 400 claim 1 ,000 Подробнее

Номер записи: 60
06-02-2020 дата публикации

COMPOSITION, METHOD AND USE

Номер: US20200040270A1
Автор: Roberts Martin, Ross Alan Norman
Принадлежит: INNOSPEC LIMITED

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): wherein X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NRwherein Ris H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammonium cation; A is an anion; Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group; Ris hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when Ris hydrogen. 3. (canceled)5. The salt according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive is prepared by reacting:(a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof; with{'sup': 3', '2, 'sub': 'n', '(b) an alcohol of formula R(OR)OH;'}(c) a reactive alcohol or amine including a tertiary amino group; and(d) a quaternising agent.6. The salt according to wherein X is an optionally substituted alkylene or arylene group and Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.7. The salt according to wherein n is 0 and Ris an optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms.8. The salt according to wherein each Ris ethylene or propylene.9. The salt according to wherein Ris hydrogen and n is at least 1.10. The salt according to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms and n is from 1 to 40.12. The salt according to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms claim 11 , Ris Cto Calkyl claim 11 , Ris Cto Calkyl and Ris an unsubstituted Cto Calkyl group or a hydroxy substituted Cto Calkyl group.13. The salt according to wherein Ais a carboxylate anion.14. The salt according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive is prepared by reacting:(a) an optionally substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof;{'sup': 2', '3, 'sub': 'n', '(b) an alcohol of formula H(OR)OH or ROH;'}(c) a reactive alcohol including a tertiary amino group; and(d) a quaternising agent.15. The salt according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive is prepared by reacting:{'sub': 20', ...

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Номер записи: 61
06-02-2020 дата публикации

Quaternary Ammonium Amide And/Or Ester Salts

Номер: US20200040271A1
Автор: David J. Moreton, James C. Ray, James H. Bush, Paul R. Stevenson
Принадлежит: Lubrizol Corp

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

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Номер записи: 62
19-02-2015 дата публикации

Hybrid Fuel and Method of Making the Same

Номер: US20150047252A1
Автор: Goerz, JR. David
Принадлежит:

A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages. 1introducing a first reactant to a reactor, wherein the first reactant comprises one or more light gases;exposing the first reactant to non-thermal plasma under conditions sufficient to reform the first reactant to form syngas and to generate free radicals and energetic electrons;introducing a first liquid feed fuel to the reactor; andintimately contacting the reaction products from the exposure of the first reactant to non-thermal plasma with the first liquid feed fuel in the reactor to produce a modified liquid fuel.. A hybrid fuel prepared from a process that comprises: This application claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/794,115, filed Mar. 15, 2013, titled “Hybrid Fuel and Method of Making Same,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.This invention generally relates to the formulation and production of hybrid fuels, and, more specifically, to techniques for the production of liquid fuels, including mineral-, plant-, and animal-based hydrocarbons.Transportable liquids are important commodities for fuel and chemical use. Currently, liquid hydrocarbons are mostly frequently produced from crude oil-based feedstocks by a variety of processes. However, as the world supplies of crude oil feedstocks decrease, there is a growing need to find alternative sources of liquid energy products. Possible alternate sources include biomass, coal and natural gas. Methane, which is the ...

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Номер записи: 63
18-02-2016 дата публикации

Use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilisers

Номер: US20160046788A1
Автор: Arno Lange, Dietmar Posselt, Hans Peter Rath, Helmut Mach
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R 2 to R 5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

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Номер записи: 64
18-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAGNETIC/ELECTROSTATIC/ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF FLUIDS COMPRISING THREE PHASES: THE TREATMENT PHASE, THE MIXING PHASE, AND THE USAGE PHASE WHICH ARE SPATIALLY AND TEMPORALLY DECOUPLED

Номер: US20160046875A1
Автор: ABO-HAMMOUR Zaer
Принадлежит: PROFESSIONALS FOR ENERGY - ENVIRONMENT AND WATER SOLUTIONS LTD. CO.

A method for magnetic/electrostatic/electromagnetic treatment of fluids consisting of three separate phases that are spatially and temporally decoupled. In the first phase, a magnetic/electrostatic/electromagnetic field is applied to a working fluid under circulation to obtain the directly ionized fluid. In the second phase, the directly ionized fluid is used as an ionizer or an ionizing agent for ionizing indirectly the normal non-ionized fluid by mixing the directly ionized fluid and normal non-ionized fluid in accordance with a predetermined mixing ratio and mixing method between the directly ionized fluid and normal non-ionized fluid. In the third phase, the resultant mixed or indirectly-ionized fluid is used in the proper application directly or stored in a storage tank for later use. 139-. (canceled)40. A method and apparatus for magnetic/electrostatic/electromagnetic treatment of fluids comprising three spatially and temporally decoupled phases:i.) the treatment phase, wherein directly magnetized fluid is produced in this phase by applying a direct magnetic/electrostatic/electromagnetic field to a normal non-ionized fluid while the fluid is in circulation according to a treatment method;ii) the mixing phase, wherein the mixed or indirectly magnetized fluid is produced in this phase by mixing the directly magnetized fluid produced from the treatment phase, and another/same normal non-magnetized fluid according to a predetermined mixing ratio and mixing method; andiii) the usage phase, wherein the indirectly-ionized fluid produced in the mixing phase can be used immediately in the proper application or can be stored and/or transported for later use.41. A method for the production of the directly magnetized fluid in the treatment phase according to claim 40 , the method comprising:a) a first fluid tank containing a first normal non-ionized fluid;b) a second fluid tank containing a second directly ionized fluid, wherein the second directly ionized fluid is ...

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Номер записи: 65
16-02-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR COMBUSTION OF HEAVY OIL RESIDUE

Номер: US20170044454A1
Автор: Niass Tidjani, YOUNES Mourad Victor
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

The processes and systems herein described enable the use of COto handle heavy oil fractions. A significant reduction in the requisite energy to maintain such a fuel in fluid form is attained. The energy reduction from herein described residue handling systems facilitate increased combustion plant efficiency and reduced COemissions. The residue handling system is useful in refineries, power generation plants and other processes utilizing heavy oil residues as a feed. 1. A method of improving efficiency of a combustion system utilizing a high viscosity heavy oil residue fuel , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a. providing a source of COor a CO-rich gaseous mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b. bringing the COor CO-rich mixture into intimate contact with the heavy oil residue under predetermined conditions of temperature and pressure below about 73 bar;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'c. maintaining the contact of the COor CO-rich mixture with the heavy oil residue below about 73 bar until a predetermined concentration of dissolved COis attained and the viscosity of the heavy oil residue is reduced;'}d. pumping and atomizing the reduced-viscosity heavy oil residue for combustion in a combustion chamber.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , after step (c) claim 1 , transporting the reduced-viscosity heavy oil residue via a pipeline to the combustion system.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing the reduced-viscosity heavy oil residue with dissolved COinto a pressurized heated storage vessel under predetermined conditions of temperature and pressure to maintain the viscosity of the heavy oil residue within a prescribed viscosity range claim 1 , and passing the reduced-viscosity heavy oil residue from the storage vessel and atomizing it for combustion in a combustion chamber.4. The method of wherein the COor CO-rich mixture and heavy oil residue are contacted in an agitated mixing vessel under an atmosphere of pressurized gaseous CO.5. The ...

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Номер записи: 66
14-02-2019 дата публикации

FUEL-CONTAING FIRE-STARTING DEVICE

Номер: US20190045974A1
Автор: Cardenas Torres Rodrigo, Villareal Vives Jose Alejandro
Принадлежит:

A fire start fuel container device including a container defined by side walls forming walls which contains a plurality of holes marked with suction, the holes arranged on at least one of the side faces with alternating arrangement in the central part and below the middle on an equatorial axis for each lateral face; and also has a face that forms the base and another face that makes the cover, which have a hole cut in the middle, which is larger diameter than the side holes, where all the faces define a space that it stores combustible material inside, including a fire initiating mechanism inside it, which is composed of a medium based on cellulose located in the central part of the container whose height reaches the entire height of the container, additionally the walls of the container. Fire initiating mechanism has a plurality of holes spaced equidistantly and arranged alternately one below or above the other on its entire surface, additionally has at its base two wax-coated wicks that cross each other and are fixed to the mechanism fire starter through four holes through which the ends of the wicks pass and by a stop preventing them from coming off, said stop made Referentially by a knot of the same wick. 1. A fire start fuel container device comprising:{'b': 10', '40, 'claim-text': a plurality of faces, each one of the faces includes:', {'b': '12', 'at least one die-cut sections to provide removable sections (),'}], 'a main casing () designed to house a combustible material (), the main casing including{'b': 20', '10', '20', '10', '20, 'claim-text': a cylindrical body having a top end, a bottom end,', {'b': '22', 'a plurality of holes () through the cylindrical body,'}, 'fastening tabs connected to each one of the top end and the bottom end of the cylindrical body;, 'a combustion body () located inside the main casing (), the combustion body () is surrounded by the combustible material inside the main casing (), the combustion body () includes{'b': 30', '30', ' ...

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Номер записи: 67
14-02-2019 дата публикации

Methods For Demulsifying

Номер: US20190048276A1
Автор: FILIP Sorin Vasile
Принадлежит:

A method for reducing the propensity of a fuel to form an emulsion comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel. Thus, the additive may be used as a demulsifier in a fuel. 1. A method for reducing the propensity of a fuel to form an emulsion , said method comprising combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring , the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom , the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rare each independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups.4. A method according to claim 2 , wherein R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rare each independently selected from hydrogen claim 2 , alkyl and alkoxy groups.5. A method according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Ris selected from a group other than hydrogen.6. A method according to claim 2 , wherein no more than five of R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rare selected from a group other than ...

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Номер записи: 68
14-02-2019 дата публикации

WATER BASED PRODUCT FOR TREATING VANADIUM RICH OILS

Номер: US20190048279A1
Автор: AMANCHERLA Sundar, JR. Donald, Kalaga Murali Krishna, Meskers
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

Provided are water-based fuel additive compositions that, when combusted with a fuel containing vanadium in a gas turbine, inhibit vanadium hot corrosion in the gas turbine. The water-based fuel additive compositions include at least one rare earth element compound or alkaline earth element compound that retards vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of vanadium rich fuel. 1. A water-based fuel additive composition for use in a vanadium-containing ash bearing fuel , the composition comprising:a first inhibitor and a optional second inhibitor that each retard vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of the fuel in a combustion apparatus, wherein the first and second inhibitors each, independently, comprise a rare earth element compound, an alkaline earth element compound, or a combination thereof;a optional third inhibitor that retards combustion-related contaminant corrosion in the combustion apparatus, wherein the third inhibitor comprises a non-vanadium first row transition metal or main group metal compound;a fourth inhibitor that retards non-combustion related corrosion;an emulsifier;an asphaltene dispersant;a optional combustion additive that improves combustion of the fuel; anda pH control agent.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier emulsifies the water-based fuel additive composition with fuel oil.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first inhibitor claim 1 , the second inhibitor claim 1 , the third inhibitor claim 1 , the fourth inhibitor claim 1 , the emulsifier claim 1 , the asphaltene dispersant claim 1 , the combustion additive claim 1 , and/or the pH control agent are dissolved and dispersed in a water based carrier.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first and second inhibitors are each claim 1 , independently claim 1 , a compound of yttrium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The composition ...

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Номер записи: 69
22-02-2018 дата публикации

SMALL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FUELS

Номер: US20180051220A1
Автор: "DAcosta Chris", Albuzat Thomas
Принадлежит: Swift Fuels, LLC

Disclosed herein are motor fuels providing enhanced properties for use with 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. The fuels comprise isooctane, alkylate, mesitylene, isopentane and butane, and optionally a special lube oil premixed in solution. 1) 4-stroke fuel comprising Isooctane (40-65%) , Alkylate (15-30%) , Mesitylene (0-15%) , Isopentane (10-20%) and Butane (0-5%).2) A 2-stroke fuel taking the compositions in plus up to 2% w/w % special lub oil premixed in solution.3) and with a fragrance enhancing additive and/or a color dye. Spark-ignited internal combustion engines come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes and are widely used for automotive engines (as distinguished from jet-fuel turbine engines or diesel engines). There is a growing market of smaller combustion engines, notable 2-stroke (or 2-cycle) and 4-stroke (4-cycle) engines that are used in variety of portable machines including chain saws, lawnmowers, edgers, pumps, dirt bikes, outboard motors, motorcycles, mopeds, snowmobiles, gas-powered fans, generators, handheld blowers, motor scooters, 4-wheelers, radio-controlled models, ultra-light airplanes and piston-powered unmanned aviation vehicles.The 2-stroke variety of engines is generally considered to require lubricating oil in the combustion chamber, but often smokes (so called blue smoke) and emits other forms of pollution which can irritate the user of a handheld application such as a chainsaw, and generally be a nuisance. The 4-stoke variety are generally larger engines which do not require a lubricant, but nevertheless may emit various pollutants depending upon the choice of fuel.The availability of gasoline to power 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines has evolved over the years. Auto gasoline is now largely tailored to include ethanol, a water soluble fuel, which is generally not desirable for 2- or 4-stroke engines as it can rust the fuel system, damage parts or cause rough-idle knocking. Auto gasoline also has vapor pressure requirements which may not ...

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Номер записи: 70
23-02-2017 дата публикации

GASOLINE EFFICACY PROMOTER (GEP) AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20170051220A1
Автор: Cao Jing Hua, Sun Jiao Jiao, Zhang Yu Ping, ZHAO JOE RU HE
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a gasoline efficacy promoter (GEP) boosting combustion efficiency of gasoline in internal combustion engines by a mechanism of micro-dissociation comprising a microemulsion of modified bio-carbon, a surfactant, water, a modified vegetable oil and a dispersant, and a method of making it. The gasoline efficacy promoter, environmentally friendly and stable for longer than six months, can increase the combustion efficiency by more than 10%, and reduce 80% of NOformation in exhaust emission when an appropriate dosage is added to a fuel tank in a vehicle. 1. A microemulsion of a gasoline efficacy promoter comprising modified bio-carbon , a surfactant , water , a modified vegetable oil and a dispersant.2. A microemulsion according to wherein the modified bio-carbon is made from activated carbon of natural sources.3. A microemulsion according to wherein the modified bio-carbon has a bulk density in a range of 0.2 to 0.4 g/ml claim 1 , a BET surface area of 1 claim 1 ,700 to 3 claim 1 ,200 m/g claim 1 , and a pore volume of 0.8 to 2.2 ml/g.4. A microemulsion according to wherein the modified bio-carbon is washed with at least one acidic solution to reduce calcined ash.5. A microemulsion according to wherein the modified bio-carbon is washed with at least one basic solution to reduce calcined ash.6. A microemulsion according to wherein the modified bio-carbon is 0.002% to 2% by weight.7. A microemulsion according to wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant containing anionic functional groups at the head claim 1 , which are sulfate claim 1 , sulfonate claim 1 , phosphate and carboxylates claim 1 , preferably containing alkyl sulfates including ammonium lauryl sulfate claim 1 , sodium lauryl sulfate and the related alkyl-ether sulfates such as sodium laureth sulfate claim 1 , and sodium myreth sulfate.8. A microemulsion according to wherein the surfactant is 0.005% to 0.05% by weight.9. A microemulsion according to wherein the modified ...

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Номер записи: 71
23-02-2017 дата публикации

Vehicle powertrain with onboard catalytic reformer

Номер: US20170051708A1
Автор: Brett LOVELESS, Brian M. Weiss, Christine E. Kliewer, Eugine Choi, Hiroshi MIAGAWA, John F. Brody, Karl G. Strohmaier, Makota KIOKE, Paul D. MADIARA, Scott J. WEIGEL, Tilman W. Beutel, Waltr WEISSMAN, Wenjun Li
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co, Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc

Catalyst compositions suitable for use in the exhaust gas recycle stream of an internal combustion engine are provided. Such catalyst compositions typically provide significant amounts of methane in addition to syngas. A reformer incorporating such a catalyst for use in an exhaust gas recycle portion of an internal combustion engine powertrain is described. A powertrain incorporating such a reformer, a method of increasing the octane rating of an exhaust gas recycle stream, and a method of operating an internal combustion engine using methane-assisted combustion are also described.

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Номер записи: 72
05-03-2015 дата публикации

Cerium oxide containing nanoparticles

Номер: US20150059236A1
Автор: Albert Gary DiFrancesco, Gary R. Prok, Kenneth J. Reed, Richard K. Hailstone
Принадлежит: Cerion LLC

A process for making cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles includes providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing a source of cerous ion, optionally a source of one or more metal ions (M) other than cerium, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizer wherein the molar ratio of said monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizers to cerous ions is greater than 0.2, and an oxidant. The cerous ion is oxidized to ceric ion, thereby forming a product dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles CeO 2-δ , wherein δ has a value of about 0.0 to about 0.5. The nanoparticles may have a mean hydrodynamic diameter from about 1 nm to about 50 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 45 nm.

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Номер записи: 73
10-03-2022 дата публикации

Fuel oil composition

Номер: US20220073830A1
Автор: Rei Yoshida, Shohei HARADA, Yasuyuki Komatsu
Принадлежит: Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd

Provided is a fuel oil composition that has a sulfur content of 0.50 mass % or less but yet has a storage stability, long-term storage stability, combustion performance, low-temperature fluidity and kinetic viscosity sufficient for use in ships. A fuel oil composition that has a sulfur content of 0.50 mass % or less, aromatic content of 50.0 to 75.0 mass %, a mass ratio of sum of paraffin and asphaltene to the sum of aromatic and resin is 0.20 to 0.80 wherein the paraffin, the asphaltene, the aromatic and the resin are measured using a TLC/FID method respectively, a CCAI is 860 or less, a kinematic viscosity (50° C.) is 10.00 to 180 0 mm2/s, and a pour point of 25.0° C. or less.

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Номер записи: 74
10-03-2022 дата публикации

AQUEOUS METAL COLLOID COMBUSTION ADDITIVE

Номер: US20220073831A1
Автор: Hoon, JUN Kyung
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a combustion additive comprising a colloidal solution containing dispersed fine metal particles. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the colloid. More particularly the present teaching relates to a combustion additive having a colloid, wherein the colloid comprises metal particles providing in an alkaline aqueous solution, the metal particles being dispersed within that solution and having an average diameter in the range of 30 nm to 30 μm. The colloid can partly/fully substitute water of a water injection system or used as an air humidification component for combustion. 1. A combustion additive aqueous colloidal solution having:a pH of 8.0 to 12.5,a Total Dissolved Solid, TDS, value in the range of 1500 to 3500 ppm,an average particle size of 30 nm to 30 μm,sodium constituent having a concentration of 1500 to 3000 mg/L, andother metal constituents having a total concentration of 0.5 to 200 mg/L.2. The combustion additive colloidal solution of having claim 1 , when measured at 20° C.:a DC conductivity of 5 to 13 mS/cm anda surface tension of 50 to 70 mN/m.3. The combustion additive colloidal solution of further comprising an ammonia/ammonium constituent having a concentration of 3 to 10 mg/L at 20° C.4. A combustion additive mixture comprising the colloidal solution of mixed with at least one of:water;water miscible solvents;hydrogen peroxide; orsodium percarbonate.5. A method of water injection/air humidification for combustion claim 1 , wherein water is at least partially substituted by the colloidal solution of .6. A method of forming the colloidal solution claim 1 , the method comprising:providing an alkaline aqueous starting solution in an electrolysis bath, the electrolysis bath comprising a plurality of stainless steel electrodes, andeluting metal elements from the one or more of the plurality of electrodes using electrolysis to form the colloidal solution.7. The method of wherein the starting solution ...

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Номер записи: 75
03-03-2016 дата публикации

ORGANIC FUEL PRODUCTS AND FIRE STARTERS

Номер: US20160060556A1
Автор: Richey Michael F.
Принадлежит: MCR HOLDINGS GROUP, LLC

Ecologically friendly and organically composed fuel products and fire starters are presented. The composition of products and starters includes, but is not limited to: 58 to 60 percent decomposed straw, 38 percent horse or cow manure, and optionally, two percent hay mixture from various blends used as feed, and two percent straw dust from material pounded on by animals. During a formation process the composition is subjected to a number of steps with the end product being a hydraulically compressed fuel log, brick, ball, block, briquette, blank, pellet, and the like, dried to a less than 10 percent moisture content. While the process is applicable to formation of organic fuel products and fire starters, other ingredients may be used to produce other types of fuel products, both organic and inorganic, including wood chips, other kinds of animal manure. 1. An organic fuel product , comprising:raw organic material including straw that is ground, cleaned to remove seeds, hammered and heated to a temperature of at least 110 degrees Fahrenheit to form a processed material; andmanure mixed with the processed material, the mixture of the processed material and manure being ground and dried to an amount that is less than ten percent of the original moisture content of the straw;wherein the dried mixture is compacted and compressed into a predetermined shape fuel product by a hydraulic press.2. The organic fuel product of claim 1 , wherein the raw organic material further includes one or more of hay in an amount of about two percent (2%) by weight and straw dust in an amount of about two percent (2%) by weight.3. The organic fuel product of claim 1 , wherein predetermined shape includes one of a log claim 1 , a ball claim 1 , a sphere claim 1 , a block claim 1 , a brick claim 1 , a briquette claim 1 , a blank and pellet.4. The organic fuel product of claim 1 , further including wax in an amount of about two percent (2%) by weight to form a fire starter.5. The organic fuel ...

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Номер записи: 76
20-02-2020 дата публикации

Polymers as additives for fuels

Номер: US20200056109A1
Автор: Aaron FLORES-FIGUEROA, Ivette Garcia Castro, Maxim Peretolchin
Принадлежит: BASF SE

A method for minimizing power loss, reducing a fuel consumption and/or for reducing and/or avoiding deposits in a fuel system in the direct injection diesel engines. The method contains adding a copolymer to a fuel composition, wherein the copolymer contains, in a copolymerized form: (A) an ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, (B) an α-olefin having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, (C) optionally an additional aliphatic or cycloaliphatic olefin which has at least 4 carbon atoms and is different from monomer (B) and (D) optionally an additional copolymerizable monomers other than monomers (A), (B) and (C), anhydride or carboxylic acid functionalities present in the copolymer are partly reacted with at least one compound (E) comprising an alcohol group and/or an amino group, and the anhydride functionalities present in the copolymer are hydrolysed and/or carboxylic ester functionalities present in the copolymer are partly hydrolyzed.

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Номер записи: 77
12-03-2015 дата публикации

RECHARGEABLE FIRE STARTER AND LONG BURNING FUEL

Номер: US20150068111A1
Автор: Banner Konel S., Weston Frank O.
Принадлежит:

A method and apparatus is disclosed for a rechargeable fire starter and a long burning fuel. The disclosure relates to a rechargeable fire starter and long burning fuel. The rechargeable fire starter and long burning fuel may comprise an absorbent having a porous mineral, or a combination of one or more porous minerals along with wood pellets. The absorbent may then be saturated with a flammable liquid. This combination provides a rechargeable fire starter and long burning fuel that is relatively impervious to moisture. 132-. (canceled)33. A rechargeable fire starter , comprising:an absorbent comprising a plurality of discrete porous mineral particles;wherein the absorbent is saturated with a flammable liquid; andwherein the exterior of the discrete porous mineral particles is coated with a solid flammable sealant.34. The rechargeable fire starter of claim 33 , wherein the porous mineral particles comprise one or more of the following: perlite claim 33 , vermiculite claim 33 , sodium silicate hydrate claim 33 , pumice stone claim 33 , charcoal and obsidian.35. The rechargeable fire starter of claim 33 , wherein the flammable liquid comprises a flammable liquid hydrocarbon.36. The rechargeable fire starter of claim 33 , wherein the flammable liquid comprises a flammable liquid hydrocarbon comprising one or more of the following: ethanol claim 33 , diesel fuel claim 33 , kerosene claim 33 , gasoline claim 33 , methanol claim 33 , and liquid paraffin.37. The rechargeable fire starter of claim 33 , wherein the solid flammable sealant is wax.38. The rechargeable fire starter of claim 33 , wherein the solid flammable sealant is paraffin wax.39. The rechargeable fire starter of claim 33 , wherein the fire starter further comprises a combustible fuel source comprising one or more of the following particles: wood claim 33 , charcoal and coal.40. A fire starting system comprising:a combustible fuel source combined with an absorbent;wherein the absorbent comprises a plurality ...

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Номер записи: 78
12-03-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR UTILIZING ALCOHOL FUELS

Номер: US20150068123A1
Автор: McAlister Roy Edward
Принадлежит:

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for producing, storing and using alcohol fuels. In one aspect of the disclosed technology, a method to provide a fuel for an engine includes mixing an alcohol with water to produce a wet alcohol, adding a fuel constituent in the wet alcohol to form a liquid fuel, the fuel constituent being soluble in the wet alcohol, and converting, in a container having an interior formed of an armored material, the liquid fuel into a gaseous fuel substance using at least one of heat energy or electrical energy to pressurize the liquid fuel, the gaseous fuel substance exhibiting a higher pressure and lower density than that of the liquid fuel. 1. A method for preparing a gaseous fuel , comprising:providing a wet alcohol;adding a fuel constituent to the wet alcohol to form a liquid fuel; andconverting the liquid fuel to form a gaseous fuel,wherein the gaseous fuel has a lower fuel density than the liquid fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wet alcohol comprises an alcohol and water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcohol and water are mixed to form the wet alcohol prior to adding the fuel constituent.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcohol and water are co-produced.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alcohol and water are co-produced by reacting hydrogen with carbon dioxide.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least a portion of the hydrogen and carbon are produced by heating a hydrocarbon feedstock.7. The method of further comprising adding an odorizing agent to the wet alcohol and/or the liquid fuel.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting comprises applying heat to the liquid fuel.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting comprises applying electrical energy to the liquid fuel.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting comprises applying heat and electrical energy to the liquid fuel.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting occurs in an armored container.12. The method of claim ...

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Номер записи: 79
10-03-2016 дата публикации

HOLLOW PARTICLES ENCAPSULATING A BIOLOGICAL GAS AND METHODS OF USE

Номер: US20160067276A1
Автор: Kheir John, Polizzotti Brian D.
Принадлежит: CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER CORPORATION

Provided herein are various gas-filled particles having a stabilized membrane that encapsulates the gas. Pharmaceutical compositions, methods of use and treatment, and methods of preparation are also described. 1. A gas-filled particle comprising a hollow particle membrane encapsulating one or more biological gases , wherein less than 20% by weight of the material in the hollow particle membrane is lipids and wherein the gas is not a perflourocarbon.2. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein less than 10% by weight of the material in the hollow particle membrane is lipids.34-. (canceled)5. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the hollow particle membrane is free of one or more lipids.6. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the hollow particle membrane is a polymeric membrane.78-. (canceled)9. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the hollow particle membrane is comprised of a monomer.10. The gas-filled particle of claim 9 , wherein the monomer is a water insoluble glucose.11. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the hollow particle membrane is comprised of components that are not cross-linked.12. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the hollow particle membrane is comprised of components that are cross-linked.13. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the biological gas is oxygen.1415-. (canceled)16. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the gas in the particle is pressurized.1724-. (canceled)25. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrophobic drug or a hydrophilic drug incorporated into the hollow particle membrane.26. (canceled)27. The gas-filled particle of claim 1 , wherein the gas filled particle is in an aqueous solution as a suspension for storage or in a powder form for storage.28. (canceled)29. A gas-filled particle comprising a stabilized membrane encapsulating one or more gases claim 1 , wherein the gas is pressurized to greater than 1 atmosphere and wherein the gas is oxygen ...

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Номер записи: 80
17-03-2022 дата публикации

Cold flow additives for plastic-derived synthetic feedstock

Номер: US20220081634A1
Автор: Karina Eureste, Tannon Shane Woodson, Theodore C. Arnst
Принадлежит: ECOLAB USA INC

Disclosed are pour point depressants used in compositions and methods for achieving the cold flow properties of synthetic feedstock derived from plastic.

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Номер записи: 81
10-03-2016 дата публикации

ADDITIVE FOR IMPROVING THE OXIDATION AND/OR STORAGE STABILITY OF MOTOR FUELDS OR LIQUID HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING FUELS

Номер: US20160068776A1
Автор: CROC Pauline, PAPIN Géraldine, TORT Frédéric, VERMOREL Christian
Принадлежит: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES

The present disclosure relates to the use of at least one modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin as additive for improving the oxidation and/or storage stability of a motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition. The modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin can be obtained by Mannich reaction of an alkylphenol-aldehyde condensation resin 2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising improving the storage stability of the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition at a temperature less than 0° C.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising reducing the quantity of deposits formed during storage of the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin is used as an additive in a form diluted in a solvent.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin is used in the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition in combination with one or more additional additives.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the additional additives are selected from dispersants/detergents claim 5 , carrier oils claim 5 , metal deactivators claim 5 , metallic passivators claim 5 , antioxidants claim 5 , dyes claim 5 , antistatic additives claim 5 , corrosion inhibitors claim 5 , biocides claim 5 , markers claim 5 , thermal stabilizers claim 5 , emulsifiers claim 5 , friction reducing agents claim 5 , surfactants claim 5 , cetane improvers claim 5 , anti-clouding agents claim 5 , additives improving the conductivity claim 5 , reodorants claim 5 , lubricity additives claim 5 , lubricants and mixtures thereof.7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adding an amount of modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin comprised between 5 and 5000 ppmw claim 1 , to the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the motor fuel or liquid ...

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Номер записи: 82
27-02-2020 дата публикации

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR VAPOR SUPPRESSION

Номер: US20200063053A1
Автор: RICE James Leonard, Unrau Chad James
Принадлежит:

The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form. 132-. (canceled)33. A method for disposing a surfactant onto an evaporating surface within an enclosure to reduce evaporation from the evaporating surface , the method comprising:providing an aerosolized liquid surfactant composition having nano-sized droplets;depositing the aerosolized liquid surfactant composition onto the evaporating surface to form a layer thereon; anddecreasing the evaporation rate from the evaporating surface.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the nano-sized droplets range from one micelle to 1000 nm.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the aerosolized liquid surfactant composition has a mean droplet size ranging from one micelle to 1000 nm.3654-. (canceled)55. The method of claim 35 , wherein the enclosure is a vessel.56. The method of claim 55 , wherein the evaporating surface is a surface of a hydrocarbon bulk liquid claim 55 , a surface of a vessel wall claim 55 , or a combination thereof.57. The method of claim 56 , wherein the surfactant composition has a bulk density greater than the density of the hydrocarbon bulk liquid.58. The method of claim 57 , further comprising flowing the liquid surfactant composition through an atomization nozzle to generate a stream of aerosolized liquid surfactant.59. The method of claim 58 , wherein the atomization nozzle is a bifluidic claim 58 , electrostatic claim 58 , or ultrasonic nozzle.60. The method of claim 59 , further comprising directing the stream of aerosolized liquid surfactant through an apparatus comprising a Venturi tube comprising a first inlet claim 59 , a first outlet claim 59 , and an elongated throat portion comprising at least two rings of jets therebetween claim 59 , ...

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Номер записи: 83
08-03-2018 дата публикации

DISPERSING FINES IN HYDROCARBON APPLICATIONS USING ARTIFICIAL LIFT

Номер: US20180066198A1
Автор: Hicks Robert C., Lehmann Marc N., Licari Cheryl L., Morris Alison R.
Принадлежит: Baker Hughes, a GE company, LLC

The lifetime of artificial lift systems, such as progressing cavity pumps (PCPs), used to transport aqueous slurries which contain fine particles, e.g. coal fines, may be prolonged by incorporation of at least one dispersant in the slurries. The dispersants act to inhibit or prevent the fine particles from agglomerating to plug the artificial lift intake and/or inhibit or prevent the agglomerated coal fines settling above the artificial lift system. The dispersant may also improve the lubricity of the slurry. 1. A method comprising: [ water;', 'fine particles present in a range of from about 0.001 to about 0.5 wt % based on the total slurry; and', 'at least one dispersant;, 'adding in any order, 'mixing the water, fine particles and at least one dispersant to give a slurry where the fine particles are dispersed therein; and, 'dispersing fine particles in a slurry, the dispersing comprisingtransporting the slurry in a process selected from the group consisting of a coal seam gas (CSG) operation and a solid or liquid hydrocarbon recovery process.2. The method of where the at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of:alkyl sulfosuccinates;poly(ethylene oxide);nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol;polyethyleneglycol alkyl-(C8-C10)-ethers;partially hydrolyzed poly(acrylamide);hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC);quaternary nitrogen-substituted cellulose ethers;xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum;petroleum sulfonic acid derivatives, lignin sulfonic acid derivatives, naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives, salts of these derivatives and formaldehyde condensates of these derivatives; andcombinations thereof.3. The method of where the amount of the at least one dispersant is sufficient to inhibit or prevent the fine particles from agglomerating as compared to an otherwise identical method absent the at least one dispersant.4. The method of where the amount of the at least one dispersant ranges from about 50 to about 10 claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 84
09-03-2017 дата публикации

Low sulfur biodiesel composition and method of making

Номер: US20170066984A1
Автор: Andrew Meissner, Leland Doyle, Michael Phillip Doyle, Roxby Hartley, William L. Selden, JR.
Принадлежит: Agron Bioenergy LLC

The invention provides fatty acid methyl ester fuel compositions and methods of making same.

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Номер записи: 85
12-03-2015 дата публикации

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT OF A POLYALKENE-SUBSTITUTED AMINE COMPOUND

Номер: US20150072910A1
Автор: Moreton David J., Stevenson Paul R., Thetford Dean, Vilardo Jonathan S.
Принадлежит:

A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits. 1. A composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt which comprises the reaction product of:a. polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; andb. quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfates; alkyl halides; hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; hydrocarbyl epoxides in combination with an acid; and mixtures thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyalkene-substituted amine has a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 3000.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyalkene substituent of the polyalkene-substituted amine is derived from a polyisobutylene.5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a fuel which is liquid at room temperature.6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a fluidizer.7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity.8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising component selected from the group consisting of metal deactivators claim 1 , detergents other than those of claim 1 , dispersants claim 1 , viscosity modifiers claim 1 , friction modifiers claim 1 , dispersant viscosity modifiers claim 1 , extreme pressure agents claim 1 , antiwear agents claim 1 , antioxidants claim 1 , corrosion inhibitors claim 1 , foam inhibitors claim 1 , demulsifiers claim 1 , pour point depressants claim 1 , seal swelling agents claim 1 , wax control polymers claim 1 , scale inhibitors claim 1 , gas-hydrate ...

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Номер записи: 86
17-03-2016 дата публикации

FIRE STARTING TORCH

Номер: US20160075960A1
Автор: Bocian Andrzej
Принадлежит:

A fire starting torch comprising having a central portion with a bored opening defined therein extending from an exterior surface of the central portion to a fire starting location within an interior of the central portion. At least one bored passage extends from an exterior surface of the central portion to be in connection with the bored opening and the fire starting location, to create an air flow supply path within the torch. Fire starting materials are positioned within at least one of the fire starting location and the passage for enabling a user to begin a fire within the torch. A handle is also provided on the central portion. 20. A fire starting torch comprising:a central portion having a longitudinally extending bored opening defined therein, the bored opening extending from an exterior surface of the central portion to a fire starting location within an interior of the central portion;at least one bored passage extending from the exterior surface of the central portion to be in connection with the bored opening and the fire starting location within the interior of the central portion, the connection of the at least one bored passage and the bored opening creating an air flow supply path within the torch;fire starting material positioned within at least one of the fire starting location and the at least one bored passage for enabling a user to begin a fire within the torch;a handle connected to the exterior surface of the central portion; anda label positioned to cover at least one of the at least one bored passage and the bored opening until use of the fire starting torch by the user.21. The fire starting torch according to claim 20 , wherein the at least one bored passage is constructed and arranged to be substantially perpendicular to the bored opening.22. The fire starting torch according to claim 20 , wherein the bored opening and the at least one bored passage are substantially cylindrical.23. The fire starting torch according to claim 20 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 87
17-03-2016 дата публикации

CHARCOAL CHIMNEY

Номер: US20160075961A1
Автор: Joshi Sudhir, Leveen Lindsay, Morris David C., Winder Peter
Принадлежит: HOTTROX, INC.

Embodiments described herein are generally directed to a charcoal chimney that may hold charcoal. The charcoal chimney may be formed of a material that is combustible. The charcoal chimney is generally intended as a single use chimney. The charcoal chimney may be associated with a non-toxic fire-retardant or ignition delay substance that delays combustion of the chimney for at least an initial heating phase. The ignition delay substance may be a coating on one or more surfaces of the charcoal chimney. The ignition delay substance may be impregnated or otherwise formed into the material forming the charcoal chimney. The ignition delay substance may be both coated onto and impregnated into the charcoal chimney. The fire-retardant or ignition delay substance is generally intended to delay the combustion of the charcoal chimney for a period of time. The chimney may be provided with suitable air holes to facilitate airflow around the charcoal and within the chimney. 1. A charcoal chimney comprising:a chimney body comprising an interior cavity, at least one surface of the chimney body comprising a combustible material;at least one hole in the chimney body; anda non-toxic ignition delay substance associated with the at least one surface of the chimney body comprising a combustible material, wherein the non-toxic ignition delay substance delays ignition of the charcoal chimney upon application of heat during a first heating phase.2. The charcoal chimney of claim 1 , wherein the first heating phase comprises up to about 30 minutes claim 1 , and wherein subsequent continued heating causes the charcoal chimney to combust.3. The charcoal chimney of claim 1 , wherein the non-toxic ignition delay substance comprises one or more of lime claim 1 , casein protein claim 1 , lime plaster claim 1 , mud claim 1 , plaster claim 1 , mortar claim 1 , cement claim 1 , Portland cement claim 1 , gypsum claim 1 , gypsum plaster claim 1 , plaster of Paris claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. ...

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Номер записи: 88
16-03-2017 дата публикации

TETRARYLMETHANE ETHERS AS FUEL MARKERS

Номер: US20170073595A1
Автор: Green George David, Smith Warren E., Swedo Raymond J.
Принадлежит:

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel by adding to the petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel a compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)}{OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}, wherein Ph represents a benzene ring, R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl; R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl, i, j, m, n, o and p independently are zero, one or two. Each compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(0R)} is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 1. A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel;{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '1', '3', '5', '2', '4', '6', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6, 'sub': i', 'j', '2', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', '1', '18', '4', '18', '1', '18', '4', '18', 'i', 'j', '2', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p, 'said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}, wherein Ph represents a benzene ring, R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl; R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl, i, j, m, n, o and p independently are zero, one or two; provided that (a) at least one of i and j is not zero, or (b) at least one of m and n and at least one of o and p are not zero; wherein each compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)} is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.'}2. The method of in which all R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rsubstituents collectively have a total of eight to thirty-five carbon atoms.3. The method of in which at least one of R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rhas at least three carbon atoms.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rare independently are C-Calkyl.5. The method of in which each compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)} is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.6. The method of in which R ...

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Номер записи: 89
16-03-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS AND PRODUCTS USING A ROTARY COMPRESSION UNIT

Номер: US20170073598A1
Автор: Heimann Robert, Talley Allison
Принадлежит: Enginuity Worldwide, LLC

A fertilizer/soil conditioner or a fuel source material is formed by processing animal waste by-products through the use of a rotary biomass dryer system. The animal waste by-product includes without limitation manure obtained from cattle or swine; feed lot bedding, poultry litter, a digestate of animal waste by-products obtained from an anaerobic digester, municipal waste, waste meat renderings, waste meat, or a mixture thereof. The processed material may comprise a higher amount of ash and a lower amount of volatile material than the animal waste by-product. The processed material may be stored as a powder or processed into pellets, logs, pucks, briquettes or another convenient shape form. 1. A method of converting an animal waste by-product into a fertilizer/soil conditioner or a fuel source material , the method comprising:providing an animal waste by-product having a moisture content between about 2 wt. % and about 90 wt. %; a feeding mechanism;', 'a rapid compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, and optionally, one or more flow disruptors;', 'at least one of a reflux condenser and a gas management manifold;', 'an aftercooler stage; and', 'an exit mechanism;, 'providing a rotary biomass dryer system comprisingfeeding the animal waste by-product through the feeding mechanism;mixing and heating the animal waste by-product in the RCU;separating the animal waste by-product into steam and a fertilizer/soil conditioner or fuel source material;removing the steam from the rotary biomass dryer system;cooling the fertilizer/soil conditioner or fuel source material in the aftercooler stage; andcollecting the fertilizer/soil conditioner or fuel source material after the fertilizer/soil conditioner or fuel source exits through the exit mechanism.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the animal waste by-product is manure obtained from a member of the group consisting of cattle claim 1 , swine claim 1 , feed lot bedding claim 1 , poultry litter claim 1 , a ...

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Номер записи: 90
16-03-2017 дата публикации

MITIGATION OF HARMFUL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS USING SORBENT CONTAINING ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCKS

Номер: US20170073599A1
Автор: BAI Dingrong, Calabrese Paula
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to the use of engineered fuel feedstocks to control the emission of sulfur-based, chlorine-based, nitrogen-based, or mercury-based pollutants, such as SO, SO, HSO, NO, NO, HCl, and Hg that are generated during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal. Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feedstocks, feedstocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feedstocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feedstocks, and methods of generating electricity from the fuel feedstocks. 130.-. (canceled)31. A method of making an engineered fuel feedstock , comprising:processing a plastic and a sorbent to form a plastic-sorbent composition;processing the plastic-sorbent composition with a fiber to form a fiber-plastic-sorbent-composition; andprocessing the fiber-plastic-sorbent-composition to form the engineered fuel feedstock.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the sorbent comprises a sorbent for mercury reduction.33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the sorbent comprises a sodium-based sorbent and a calcium-based sorbent.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the sodium-based sorbent claim 33 , and the calcium-based sorbent are in an amount that is stoichiometrically about 10% to about 500% greater than the amount of a sulfur or a chlorine derived pollutant to be removed.35. The method of claim 31 , wherein the engineered fuel feedstock comprises about 10% (w/w) to about 30% (w/w) plastic and about 70% (w/w) to about 90% (w/w) fiber.36. The method of claim 31 , wherein the plastic is a mixed plastic claim 31 , and the engineered fuel feedstock comprises about 50% (w/w) to about 95% (w/w) fiber and about 5% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) mixed plastic.37. The method of claim 31 , wherein the engineered fuel feedstock comprises about 30% (w/w) to about 71% (w/w) fiber claim 31 , about 6% (w/w) to about 38% (w/w) plastic claim 31 , and about 23% (w/w) to about 40% (w/w) sorbent.38. The method of claim 31 , wherein the engineered fuel ...

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Номер записи: 91
05-03-2020 дата публикации

SILICATE MIXTURE AND COMBUSTION ACCELERATOR USING THE SAME

Номер: US20200071173A1
Автор: Nasu Makoto, NISHIMOTO Kuriko, Yoshida Kaoru
Принадлежит:

Provided are a silicate mixture and a combustion accelerator for increasing combustion efficiency in a combustion engine. The silicate mixture is formed by mixing a first component including one or two or more materials selected from silicon compounds including silicon, glass, and quartz, and a second component including one or two or more materials selected from materials formed by sintering a silicate mineral at a temperature of 1300° C. or higher and 2000° C. or lower and ores emitting a terahertz wave. 1. (canceled)2. A silicate mixture formed by mixing a first component including one or two or more materials selected from silicon compounds including silicon , glass , and quartz , anda second component of one or two or more selected from materials formed by sintering a silicate mineral at a temperature of 1300° C. or higher and 2000° C. or lower and ores emitting a terahertz wave, whereinethe second component is blended at 10 to 90% by mass in the total mixture.3. A silicate mixture formed by mixing a first component emitting an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of less than 100 GHz , anda second component emitting a terahertz wave with a frequency of 100 GHz or more and 100 THz or less.4. The silicate mixture according to claim 2 , whereinthe first component and the second component are formed to have a particle size of 150 μm or less, andthe first component and the second component are dispersed in an organic or inorganic solvent or are kneaded with at least any one of metals, resins, and ceramics.5. The silicate mixture according to claim 2 , wherein the silicate mixture is further blended with carbon powder having a particle size of 150 μm or less.6. A combustion accelerator for improving combustion efficiency in a combustion engine claim 2 , wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the silicate mixture according to is used as the combustion accelerator, and'}the first component emits an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of less than ...

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Номер записи: 92
16-03-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY COAL CHARACTERISTICS AT THE MINE

Номер: US20170076120A1
Автор: Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит:

A composition is provided that includes a carbonaceous feed material to be combusted to generate an off-gas and an identifier. The identifier is associated with a predetermined composition, characteristic or property of the feed material or the off-gas. 1. A feed material , comprising:a carbonaceous feed material to be combusted to generate an off-gas; andan identifier, the identifier being associated with a predetermined composition, characteristic or property of the feed material or the off-gas.2. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the identifier is one or more of a radio frequency identifier (“RFID”) claim 1 , bar code claim 1 , and chemical marker and wherein the identifier is associated with a predetermined composition claim 1 , characteristic or property of the feed material.3. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the identifier is one or more of a radio frequency identifier (“RFID”) claim 1 , bar code claim 1 , and chemical marker and wherein the identifier is associated with a predetermined composition claim 1 , characteristic or property of the off-gas.4. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feed material is in a haulage vehicle and wherein the identifier is adhered to a particle of the carbonaceous feed material claim 1 , intermixed with the carbonaceous feed material claim 1 , or attached to a surface of the haulage vehicle.5. A method claim 1 , comprising:receiving first and second portions of carbonaceous material, each of the first and second portions having a corresponding first or second identifier, the corresponding first or second identifier being associated with one or more of a determined composition, characteristic or property of the corresponding first or second portion or an off-gas produced from combustion of the respective first or second portion, the first and second identifiers being different from one another;based on the corresponding identifier, determining, by a microprocessor, the one or more of a determined ...

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Номер записи: 93
22-03-2018 дата публикации

USE OF A FUEL ADDITIVE IN DIESEL FUEL FOR REMOVING DEPOSITS IN A DIESEL ENGINE

Номер: US20180079980A1
Автор: Batson William A., Volpert Edgar
Принадлежит: United Initiators GmbH

The present invention relates to the use of a diesel fuel additive for removing deposits in a diesel engine. 118.-. (canceled)19. A method for preventing , reducing and/or removing deposits in a diesel engine comprising:adding a fuel additive comprising a peroxide to a diesel fuel; and,permitting a diesel engine to combust the fuel additive and the diesel fuel.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive comprises at least one organic peroxide.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least one organic peroxide is a hydroperoxide claim 20 , dialkylperoxide claim 20 , a cyclic or acyclic ketone peroxide claim 20 , a perketal or a combination thereof.22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive comprises tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) claim 19 , cumene hydroperoxide claim 19 , methylethylketoneperoxide claim 19 , acetone peroxide claim 19 , tert-amyl hydroperoxide (TAHP) claim 19 , di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) claim 19 , tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) claim 19 , 1 claim 19 ,1-Di-(tert-butylperoxy)-cyclohexan (CH) or tetramethyl-dioxa-cyclohexane (TMDOCH).23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive comprises TBHP.24. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive comprises DTBP.25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive comprises CH.26. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive is anhydrous.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein water in the anhydrous fuel additive is <5 wt. % claim 26 , <1 wt. % claim 26 , <0.3 wt. % claim 26 , or <0.01 wt. %.28. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive further comprises a solvent claim 19 , wherein the solvent is an alcohol or a hydrocarbon.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the alcohol is tert-butyl alcohol claim 28 , and the hydrocarbon is isododecane claim 28 , diesel claim 28 , kerosene or 2 claim 28 ,2 claim 28 ,4-trimethyl-1 claim 28 ,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate.30. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fuel additive comprises a mixture of TBHP and tert-butyl ...

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Номер записи: 94
23-03-2017 дата публикации

Airborne Engine Additive Delivery System

Номер: US20170082019A1
Автор: Guinther Gregory
Принадлежит: AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION

A method of introducing additives to an air intake system of an engine in order to overcome one or more of the various problems created by formulation of additives in fuels. The method controls at least one of the amount, aerosol particle size and timing of introduction of additives based on information relevant to operation of the engine. The introduced additives form an air-additive mixture and are carried by the airflow in the air-intake system to the combustion chamber of the engine. Another aspect of the invention is an additive introduction system that includes one or more containers for additives, a control system for determining at least one of the amount, aerosol particle size and timing of introduction of the additives, and a device to introduce the additives into the air intake system under the control of the control system. 1. A method for improving fuel economy of a diesel engine by introducing at least one additive to a combustion chamber of the diesel engine through the diesel engine's air-intake system , said method comprising the steps of:determining an amount, an aerosol particle size and/or timing of addition of said additive based on information selected from type of fuel, upcoming road conditions, cetane number, air-fuel ratio, elevation, oil pressure, wheel speed, oxygen content of air, manifold vacuum pressure, driver characteristics, valve timing, hybrid powertrain strategy, technician input and any combination thereof,wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of a combustion improver, scavenger, friction modifier, friction reducer, ignition retarder, ignition accelerator, acid neutralizer, corrosion inhibitor, anti-settling agent, cloud point reducer, anti-wear agent, biocide, demulsifier, antifoam additive, and peroxide, and any combination thereof;controlling the amount, the aerosol particle size, and/or the timing of the addition of said additive based on said determining step;introducing said additive with the ...

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Номер записи: 95
31-03-2022 дата публикации

TERAHERTZ MATERIAL FOR EMISSION REDUCTION AND FUEL SAVING OF GASOLINE VEHICLE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Номер: US20220098502A1
Автор: HOU Wenhao, Tong Yan
Принадлежит:

A terahertz material for emission reduction and fuel saving of gasoline vehicles and its preparation method and application, includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20˜35 SiO, 3˜15 AlO, 25˜45 SiO, 15˜25 FeO, 20˜40 ochre, 0.5˜2 barium tungstate, 15˜25 CaCO, wherein a preparation methodincludes: mixing the component raw materials according to the above ratio; after crushing, performing heating to 600˜1,200° C. in an oxygen-free environment, maintaining the temperature for 3˜8 hours, and then performing crushing for the second time; and performing enhancement processing with terahertz irradiation rays at 10 mW to 100 W for 5 seconds to 1 hour to obtain a terahertz material, wherein the terahertz material improves combustion efficiency by increasing the molecular activity of gasoline and air participating in combustion work and reducing molecular groups, and has the effects of emission reduction, energy saving and improving power. 19-: (canceled)10: A composition for manufacturing a terahertz material , including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20˜35 SiO , 3˜15 AlO , 25˜45 SiO , 15˜25 FeO , 20˜40 ochre , 0.5˜2 barium tungstate , 15˜25 CaCO , wherein SiOis made by mixing crude silicon , SiOand Binchotan in a weight ratio of 1:(3˜5):(5˜10) , and heating to 700˜1500° C. in an oxygen-free environment for 1˜8 hours to obtain a black crystal SiO.11: The composition for manufacturing a terahertz material claim 10 , as recited in claim 10 , including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 SiO claim 10 , 8 AlO claim 10 , 30 SiO claim 10 , 20 FeO claim 10 , 30 ochre claim 10 , 1 barium tungstate claim 10 , 20 CaCO claim 10 , wherein SiOis made by mixing crude silicon claim 10 , SiOand Binchotan in a weight ratio of 1:4:8 claim 10 , and heating to 1200° C. in an oxygen-free environment for 5 hours to obtain a black crystal SiO.12: The composition for manufacturing a terahertz material claim 10 , as recited in claim 10 , including the ...

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Номер записи: 96
31-03-2022 дата публикации

USE OF A PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBON-BASED FUEL COMPOSITION FOR CLEANING THE INTERNAL PARTS OF DIESEL ENGINES

Номер: US20220098505A1
Автор: DAUPHIN Roland, Delorme Géraldine
Принадлежит: TotalEnergies Marketing Services

The present invention relates to the use of a fuel composition comprising at least 85% by weight of one or more hydrocarbon fractions consisting of one or more hydrotreated vegetable oils, said fraction(s) having a distillation range between 100 and 400° C. and having a paraffin content greater than or equal to 90% by weight, for reducing the deposits present in the internal parts of a compression ignition engine (or diesel engine). The present invention also relates to a method for cleaning the deposits present in the internal parts of a compression ignition engine using such a composition. 1. A use , for reducing the deposits present in the internal parts of a compression ignition engine , of a fuel composition comprising at least 85% by weight of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions consisting of one or more hydrotreated vegetable oils , said fraction(s) having a distillation range within the range from 100 to 400° C. and having a paraffin content greater than or equal to 90% by weight.2. The use according to claim 1 , characterised in that the distillation range of said paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction is within the range from 130 to 350° C.3. The use according to claim 1 , characterised in that the paraffin content of said paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction is greater than or equal to 95% by weight claim 1 , in relation to the total weight of said fraction.4. The use according to claim 1 , characterised in that said paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction contains at least 50% by weight of isoparaffins claim 1 , in relation to the weight of said fraction.5. The use according to claim 1 , characterised in that the fuel composition comprises at least 90% by weight of said paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s).6. The use according to claim 1 , characterised in that the fuel composition further contains at least one first additive consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt claim 1 , obtained by reaction with a quaternising agent of a nitrogen compound comprising a tertiary ...

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Номер записи: 97
12-06-2014 дата публикации

Use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilisers

Номер: US20140163224A1
Автор: Arno Lange, Dietmar Posselt, Hans Peter Rath, Helmut Mach
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R 2 to R 5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

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Номер записи: 98
12-03-2020 дата публикации

Fuel High Temperature Antioxidant Additive

Номер: US20200080015A1
Автор: Abdallah David J., Lengyel Zsolt, Noorman Mike T.
Принадлежит:

High temperature antioxidant additives and methods that improve a liquid fuel composition's thermal oxidative stability are disclosed. A liquid fuel composition may comprise a liquid fuel; and a high temperature antioxidant additive comprising a nitroxide radical having a formula: 2. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the gasoline comprises at least one hydrocarbon fuel selected from the group consisting of a motor gasoline claim 1 , an aviation gasoline claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. (canceled)4. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the gasoline is present in an amount of about 98 vol. % or greater.5. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare individually selected from a methyl group claim 1 , an ethyl group claim 1 , or a propyl group claim 1 , and wherein Rand Rform part of a ring of 4 carbon atoms or 5 carbon atoms.6. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare individually selected from halogen claim 1 , cyano claim 1 , —COOR wherein R is alkyl or aryl claim 1 , —CONH claim 1 , —S—CH claim 1 , —S—COCH claim 1 , —OCOCH claim 1 , carbonyl claim 1 , alkenyl where the double bond is not conjugated with the nitroxide moiety claim 1 , or an alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms.8. The liquid fuel composition of claim 7 , wherein R claim 7 , R claim 7 , R claim 7 , and Rare individually selected from a methyl group claim 7 , an ethyl group claim 7 , or a propyl group.9. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitroxide radical comprises 2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical.10. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the high temperature antioxidant additive is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 ppm to about 500 ppm.11. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid fuel is present in an amount of about 99 vol. % or greater claim 1 , and wherein the high temperature antioxidant additive is ...

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Номер записи: 99
25-03-2021 дата публикации

RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON LIGHTER FLUID

Номер: US20210087480A1
Автор: Abhari Ramin, Green Nate, Tomlinson H. Lynn
Принадлежит: REG SYNTHETIC FUELS, LLC

The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fluids, and more particularly, a hydrocarbon lighter fluid derived from renewable sources. Specifically, the present invention relates to converting fatty acids/glycerides to a charcoal lighter fluid with the same or better performance as petroleum middle distillates. 1. A method for producing a hydrocarbon lighter fluid comprising the steps of{'sub': 12', '24, '(a) hydrotreating a renewable feedstock to produce a heavy hydrocarbon fraction comprising C-Chydrocarbons;'}{'sub': 3', '18, 'sup': '+', '(b) converting the heavy hydrocarbon fraction to a C-C hydrocarbon distribution in a hydrocracker; and'}{'sub': 3', '18, 'sup': '+', '(c) fractionating the C-C hydrocarbon distribution to recover a hydrocarbon lighter fluid'}wherein the lighter fluid has very good lightability, provides an ash coverage of 90% or higher, and has total hydrocarbon emissions of 0.28 lb/start or less according to the South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1174 at a dosage level of 80 g/kg or less.2. The method of wherein the renewable feedstock is pretreated to remove phosphorus claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , and metal contaminants to less than 10 wppm total.3. The method of wherein the hydrotreating takes place in a reactor comprising a nickel-molybdenum catalyst claim 1 , at a temperature from about 550 F to about 650 F claim 1 , under 1 claim 1 ,000 to 2 claim 1 ,000 psig pressure claim 1 , and a ratio of hydrogen to renewable feed between 4 claim 1 ,000 to 12 claim 1 ,000 SCF/bbl.4. The method of wherein the hydrocracking takes place in a reactor comprising a noble metal catalyst on a crystalline support at a temperature from about 580 F to about 750 F claim 1 , and a ratio of hydrogen to heavy hydrocarbon between 1 claim 1 ,000 to 15 claim 1 ,000 SCF/bbl.5. The method of wherein the renewable feedstock comprises monoglycerides claim 1 , diglycerides claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , free fatty acids claim 1 , or combinations thereof.6. ...

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Номер записи: 100