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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 9151. Отображено 100.
02-02-2012 дата публикации

Catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition

Номер: US20120029243A1
Автор: Emmanouil Pantouflas, Roman Prochazka, Stephan Schunk
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to a composition (“composite”) comprising lignin and at least one catalyst dispersed in the composition. The invention further provides a process for producing such a catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition.

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Номер записи: 1
23-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and mechanical press system for the generation of densified cylindrical briquettes

Номер: US20120042793A1
Автор: Donald Louis Murray, Guy Cote
Принадлежит: 9177-4331 QUEBEC Inc

A method and a press for preparing a pressed article from compressible and cohesive biomass particles are provided. The method comprises providing a first pressing ram and a second pressing ram operating in opposite directions and disposed in a compression chamber, in retracted position; supplying a quantity of biomass particles in a space in the compression chamber between the first and second pressing rams; closing the compression chamber; extending the first pressing ram towards the biomass particles in the compression chamber; displacing the biomass particles with the first pressing ram towards the second pressing ram; detecting abutment of the biomass particles on the second pressing ram once the biomass particles are displaced by the first pressing ram to touch the second pressing ram; applying pressure to the biomass particles with the first pressing ram by extending the first pressing ram to abut the biomass particles on the second pressing ram and with the second pressing ram by extending the second press ram to abut the biomass particles on the first pressing ram; detecting a pressure applied to match a predetermined compression pressure and continuing to extend the first pressing ram and the second pressing ram until a predetermined time at the matched compression pressure has elapsed, thereby forming a pressed article; stopping the extension of the second pressing ram when a predetermined extension length for the second pressing ram is reached; continuing to extend the first pressing ram until a predetermined additional time has elapsed after the stopping; ejecting a pressed article made of compressed biomass particles from the compression chamber.

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Номер записи: 2
15-03-2012 дата публикации

method for the thermal treatment of biomass in connection with a boiler plant

Номер: US20120060412A1
Автор: Markku Raiko
Принадлежит: METSO POWER OY

The invention relates to the improvement of the fuel-properties of biomass in an integrated manner to facilitate storage, shipping and applicability thereof. In the process, biomass ( 6 ) is thermally treated within a combustion process to cause partial torrefaction of the organic matter present in biomass, thus yielding components inert to biological decomposition processes. Constituents ( 10 ) separated in gaseous form are utilized as fuel, while the thermally treated biomass ( 8 ) remaining in the solid form is utilized in a separate process.

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Номер записи: 3
15-03-2012 дата публикации

Method and Devices for Forming Articles

Номер: US20120064212A1
Автор: Bruce Dorendorf, James Fajt
Принадлежит: American Bio Labs LLC

The present invention is predicated upon methods and devices for forming numerous articles for various applications including nutritional applications, medicinal applications, or other useful applications for plants, animals or otherwise. In one aspect, the present invention provides methods and devices for forming high quality pellets using alginates as a retention agent for the ingredients. This may be achieved through the creation or modification of pre-existing forming devices, wherein an alginate applicator is provided for applying the alginate to the ingredients, before, during or after formation of the articles, or combinations thereof, to retain the ingredients of the articles together.

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Номер записи: 4
29-03-2012 дата публикации

Method of Producing Dried Distiller's Grain with Solubles Agglomerated Particles

Номер: US20120076915A1
Автор: Russel J. Meier
Принадлежит: Individual

A method of producing Dried Distiller's Grain with Solubles (DDGS) agglomerated particles is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of separating a first product stream out of the whole stillage that is primarily solid material from a second product stream that is primarily liquid, agglomerating the first product stream using a mechanical compression machine such as an extruder, and exposing the agglomerated particles to microwave radiation of a sufficient energy for a sufficient time so that the resulting moisture of the agglomerated particles is between 3% and 40% by weight. The second product stream may be condensed and blended with the first product stream prior to, or concurrently with, the step in which the agglomerated particles are formed. Additionally, other additives, such as enzymes, may be added to the first product stream to enhance the final product's desirability as a nutritional source.

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Номер записи: 5
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Powdered fuel production methods and systems useful in farm to flame systems

Номер: US20120104123A1
Автор: Edward Bacorn, Ken W. WHITE
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an explosible powder suitable for combustion in an oxidizing gas. This method involves providing a biomass feedstock material and drying the biomass feedstock material to a moisture level of less than or equal to 10%. The dried biomass feedstock material is milled to form an explosible powder suitable for combustion when dispersed in an oxidizing gas. A system for carrying out this method is also disclosed.

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Номер записи: 6
17-05-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel

Номер: US20120117815A1
Автор: James Braig R., Mark Wechsler
Принадлежит: RENEWABLE FUEL TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Embodiments presented herein describe an apparatus and method to control the conversion of carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and those biomass resources, into a high performance solid fuel. This method, and the apparatus described as the means to accomplish this method, provides a process having a control system that enables the system to produce a fuel of uniform quality, even with a change in biomass supply.

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Номер записи: 7
07-06-2012 дата публикации

Method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter in order to produce charchoal or char

Номер: US20120137576A1
Автор: Alvaro Lucio
Принадлежит: CAMPELO ROGERIO GERALDO, DE SOUSA VITOR SERGIO, NETO ANTONIO DELFINO SANTOS, VIEIRA SIDNEY PESSOA

The organic matter carbonization process is based on thermal treatment at high temperatures, under a controlled atmosphere, if possible in the absence of oxygen. The organic matter carbonization theory was expounded in this text, with emphasis on the thermodynamic aspects. It is shown in this exposition the important misfit between the endothermic and the exothermic carbonization stages, which hinders the use of the energy emitted during the exothermic stage by the brick kilns. Following there is a summary of the carbonization technique actual stage. The present invention relates to a method and plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter comprising independent reactors for the drying and pyrolysis of organic matter, and an independent reactor for the charcoal cooling. In this method the volatile products—non condensable gases and condensable pyrolytic vapors—are burned in an independent combustion chamber in order to supply the energy demanded by the process. In this way wood is not burned, and polluting substances are not emitted to the atmosphere. The method proposed by the present invention allows a precise control of the process in order to obtain the specified charcoal fixed carbon content; and a higher gravimetric yield, which gives an increase of the forest wood, either native or cultivated. In the independent pyrolysis and drying reactors proposed by the present invention, exiting flue gases from an external combustion chamber are driven to the drying reactor where the wood onto roll on buckets are heated and dried. Fuel gases emitted by the carbonizing wood are burned in the combustion chamber as an energy source. Inside the combustion chamber is placed a heat exchanger with the aim to reheat the pyrolytic gases. After reheated, these gases return to the carbonizing reactor in order to supply energy for the endothermic carbonizing step. The aim of this technique is to avoid the mixing of the fuel gases with the flue gases generated inside the ...

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Номер записи: 8
12-07-2012 дата публикации

Corn stover fuel objects with high heat output and reduced emissions designed for large-scale power generation

Номер: US20120174476A1
Автор: James A. Mennell, Kenneth G. Oja, William A. Brake
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

A Novel fuel object comprised of a proportion of corn stover and a proportion of wood fiber combined with a basically reacting compound. The object comprises fiber of the appropriate size and moisture content combined with an inorganic base. An appropriately sized object is readily manufactured, provides high heat output, is consistent in fuel characteristics, and is sized and configured for use in power generation facilities. Based on fiber selection and processing, the fuel object may be used in a variety of current power generation technologies including stoker, fluidized bed, gasifier, cyclonic, direct-fired, and pulverized coal technologies, and results in significant reduction of air emissions (including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mercury) compared to coal with no loss of boiler or furnace efficiency.

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Номер записи: 9
09-08-2012 дата публикации

Methods and products using grass of the genus triodia

Номер: US20120201913A1
Автор: Michael Archer
Принадлежит: Individual

According to this invention, plants of the genus Triodia are harvested for use as a renewable energy source or as a means of carbon sequestration. Triodia is a hummock-forming grass endemic to Australia, commonly known as spinifex. It is an abundant perennial plant which grows in semi-arid and arid regions. The novel use of Triodia as a biofuel feedstock has many advantages over the prior art. Being perennial, there is no need to plant and fertilise crops. The plants can be continuously harvested without damaging the soil. Triodia grows well with even small amounts of natural rainfall.

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Номер записи: 10
23-08-2012 дата публикации

Commingled Coal and Biomass Slurries

Номер: US20120210631A1
Автор: Andres Aguirre, Chan Seung Park, Joseph M. Norbeck
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

An energy efficient process for converting biomass into a higher carbon content, high energy density slurry. Water and biomass are mixed at a temperature and under a pressure that are much lower than in prior processes, but under a non-oxidative gas, which enables a stable slurry to be obtained containing up to 60% solids by weight, 20-40% carbon by weight, in the slurry. The temperature is nominally about 200° C. under non-oxidative gas pressure of about 150 psi, conditions that are substantially less stringent than those required by the prior art. In another embodiment, the biomass water slurry can be mixed with a coal water slurry to further optimize the carbon content and pumpability of the biomass shiny.

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Номер записи: 11
20-09-2012 дата публикации

Method and system for producing pellets from biomass in a pellet press for use as fuel in fireplaces

Номер: US20120233913A1
Автор: Gernot Von Haas
Принадлежит: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau

A system and a method for producing pellets from biomass in a pellet press for use as fuel in fireplaces. To produce pellets in an energy-saving and more energetically cost-effective manner as compared to prior art. In the method according to one embodiment, the biomass, which comprises cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic fibers, chips or shreds and is heated and dried in the course of the production process in a dryer, separated from the dryer air, and the biomass is supplied to a pellet press, wherein the temperature of the biomass is heated or substantially maintained by hot air in a treatment region between the dryer and the pellet press, and the treatment region comprises at least parts of the transport path and/or at least one additional device for carrying out at least one additional method stop, and wherein the temperature of the hot air exceeds at least 65° Celsius.

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Номер записи: 12
27-09-2012 дата публикации

Method of production of fuels from biomass, from low quality coals and from wastes, residues and sludges from sewage treatment plants

Номер: US20120240457A1
Автор: Emmanouil Koukios
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention concerns a method for the removal of inorganic components such as potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and heavy metals, from biomass of rural or forest or urban origin or even mixture of different origin biomasses, from low quality coals such as peat, lignite and sub-bituminous/bituminous coals, from urban/industrial origin residues/wastes, which are possible to include as much organic—>5% weight—as inorganic—<95% weight—charge and from sewage treatment plant sludges. The desired goal is achieved with the physicochemical treatment of the raw material. The method can also include the thermal treatment, which can precede or follow the physicochemical one. The application of the thermal treatment depends on the nature and the particular characteristics of each raw material as well as on the feasibility analysis of the whole process in order to determine the optimization point in each case.

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Номер записи: 13
04-10-2012 дата публикации

Method of manufacturing solid fuel mainly including synthetic resin-pulp scrap

Номер: US20120247004A1
Автор: Young Cheol JEON
Принадлежит: Individual

Disclosed are eco-friendly and low-price solid fuel, which is naturally dried, and a method of manufacturing the same. Disposable diapers or disposable sanitary pads, which are failed during the manufacturing process, are used to produce industrial alternative fuel having a low price through a predetermined process, so solid fuel having no pollution problem in combustion is provided. The solid fuel is mainly made of synthetic resin-pulp scrap including synthetic resin integrated with pulp like the disposable diapers or the disposable sanitary pads. The method includes introducing a scrap, such as the wasted disposable diaper or the wasted disposable sanitary pad, including synthetic resin integrated with pulp into a crusher to break the scrap into fragments, adding a slight amount of waste cooking oil serving as a binding agent to the fragments, performing an extrusion-molding with respect to the fragments, cutting the extrusion-molded fragments to make pallets, and then drying pallets.

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Номер записи: 14
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by means of torrefaction and crushing

Номер: US20120266485A1
Автор: Ralf Abraham, Ralf Schaefer, Stefan Hamel
Принадлежит: PROACTOR SCHUTZRECHTSVERWALTUNGSGMBH, THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH

An apparatus and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by torrefaction. The apparatus including an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements which is temperature resistant up to 350 degrees Celsius, a feed device for hot circulation gas in the lower region of the impact reactor, a feed device for solid or paste-like raw energy materials in the head region of the impact reactor. The apparatus further including at least one withdrawal device for a gas flow having comminuted and torrefacted raw energy particles and a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and torrefacted raw energy particles from the gas flow taken out of the impact reactor.

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Номер записи: 15
15-11-2012 дата публикации

Organic fuel brick

Номер: US20120285081A1
Автор: Michael Richey
Принадлежит: Individual

Ecologically friendly organically composed fuel products are presented whose composition includes, but is not limited to, ingredients: 58 to 60 percent decomposed straw, 38 percent horse or cow manure, two percent hay mixture from various blends used as feed, and two percent straw dust. The above ingredients are subjected to a number of processing steps with the end product being a hydraulically compressed fuel product, such as a brick, block, briquette, blank, pellet, etc., dried to a less than 10 percent moisture content. Eco-friendly organic fuel products may be created from other ingredients than those described herein could undergo the disclosed process to produce other types of fuel items, both organic and inorganic, with the ingredients comprising wood chips, other kinds of animal manure, and wood chips.

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Номер записи: 16
13-12-2012 дата публикации

Method for reducing slag in biomass combustion

Номер: US20120312206A1
Автор: Hung-Ting Chen, Jitendra Shah, Nandakumar Srinivasan, Robert W. Dorner
Принадлежит: Nalco Co LLC

Biomass is quickly becoming an important feedstock for energy generation in power plants. Due to their composition and nature, certain biomass fuels contribute to slagging, fouling, and corrosion. This invention provides a novel method of reducing or suppressing slag deposition and/or cleaning deposited slag in energy production processes in which potassium-containing solid fuels are combusted. Besides acting as a slag suppressant, further advantages of this invention are that the additive has no detrimental side-effects on capital equipment, increases slag friability, decreases slag fouling rate, reduces heat transfer corrosion as well as increasing the lifetime of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

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Номер записи: 17
20-12-2012 дата публикации

Hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment of biomass

Номер: US20120317873A1
Автор: Glenn Charles Komplin, John Anthony Smegal, Joseph Broun Powell, Kimberly Ann Johnson
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to less than 300° C. in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 18
27-12-2012 дата публикации

Pyrolysis of Biomass

Номер: US20120324785A1
Автор: Garth Philip Wilton Way, Lee Mcmahon, Rodney Taylor
Принадлежит: Energy Environmental Ltd

A method of treating biomass material, particularly plant-derived biomass material, to produce pyrolysis thereof, comprising subjecting the biomass material to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwave radiation, while the material is being agitated, under suitable conditions to produce a desired degree of pyrolysis.

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Номер записи: 19
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Coagulation of oil in water and the resulting floating semisolid complex

Номер: US20130008079A1
Автор: Deborah Duen Ling Chung, Yong Fu
Принадлежит: Individual

This invention provides a semisolid complex exhibiting (i) the ability to float on water, (ii) the ability to provide liquid oil upon being deformed, and (iii) the ability to function as a fuel, the complex comprising a high proportion of liquid oil, the density of the oil being lower than the density of water, the complex also comprising fibers, the fibers being oriented in a plurality of directions, the fibers forming a framework, the framework being incorporated in the complex, the framework being substantially in the plane of the complex in case that the complex is in the form of a sheet, and the framework extending substantially over the area of the complex in case that the complex is in the form of a sheet, the complex further comprising a low proportion of bentonite, the bentonite being associated with the oil, the associating substantially involving coagulation, the oil and the bentonite being substantially held by the framework. This invention also provides a composition for causing the coagulation of a substantial portion of the oil present in a liquid upon the addition of the composition to the liquid, wherein the liquid comprises a high proportion of water and the liquid also comprises the oil, the density of the oil being lower than the density of the water, the composition comprising a mixture, the mixture comprising a high proportion of discontinuous fibers, the fibers being oriented in a plurality of directions, the mixture also comprising bentonite particles, the bentonite particles being sufficiently high in proportion for associating with a substantial portion of the oil, the associating substantially involving coagulation, and the fibers being sufficiently low in density and sufficiently high in proportion for causing the product of the coagulation to exhibit the ability to float on water. This invention further provides a method of coagulation of a substantial portion of the oil present in a liquid, wherein the liquid comprises a high proportion ...

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Номер записи: 20
17-01-2013 дата публикации

Liquid fuel composition

Номер: US20130015099A1
Автор: Michael Cheiky, Vern S. Traxler
Принадлежит: Cool Planet Biofuels Inc

A liquid fuel composition comprising a fuel component derived from biomass conversion at increasing temperatures under pressure, the fuel component comprising one or more C 4+ compounds.

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Номер записи: 21
31-01-2013 дата публикации

Method for treating organic waste and method and apparatus for producing solid fuel/compost using zero discharge ace system

Номер: US20130026760A1
Автор: Eun Min Cho, Haeng Seog Lee, Han Jun Lee
Принадлежит: NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY CO Ltd

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating organic waste and producing solid fuel or compost from the treated organic waste.

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Номер записи: 22
07-03-2013 дата публикации

Spent grain fuel product and process

Номер: US20130055622A1
Автор: Brandon Smith, Curtis Holmes, David D. Wilson, Geoffrey Larson
Принадлежит: AKBEV LLC

A process of making a fuel product from spent grain from a beer brewing process. In the brewing process, the grain is pulverized to a particle size whose mean particle size is generally in the range of 0.25 mm to 0.6 mm with less than 1% greater than 2 mm. After the brewing sugars are extracted from the grain, the spent grain is pressed against a filter to reduce moisture below sixty-five percent (65%), and then the grain is dried to further reduce its moisture to less than ten percent (10%). The dried spent grain, after the aforementioned processing, is fed into a combustion chamber for a steam boiler that is used for beer brewing, and the spent grain is advanced downward through the combustion chamber with agitation to aid combustion.

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Номер записи: 23
07-03-2013 дата публикации

Biomass pulverizing apparatus and biomass/coal mixed-combustion system

Номер: US20130055935A1
Автор: Kazuhiro Takeuchi, Masaaki Kinoshita, Norichika Kai, Takuichiro Daimaru, Yoshiki Yamaguchi
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd

A biomass pulverizing apparatus includes a pulverizing apparatus body including a feedstock supply pipe for supplying biomass feedstock from above in a vertical axial direction, a pulverizing table for placing the biomass feedstock, a drive section for rotationally driving the pulverizing table, a pulverizing roller for pulverizing the biomass feedstock by a pressing force, the pulverizing roller being operated in conjunction with the rotation of the pulverizing table, a blower means for forming an upward flow upward from below on the outer peripheral side of the pulverizing table so as to jet conveying gas for conveying the biomass powder in an air stream, and a classifier for classifying the biomass powder accompanied with the conveying gas.

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Номер записи: 24
14-03-2013 дата публикации

System and method for making cement and cement derived therefrom

Номер: US20130061788A1
Автор: Burton J. Kunik, David G. Gossman, James C. Berns
Принадлежит: Sharps Compliance Inc

Integrated cement production systems and methods implementing the systems are disclosed, where the integrated cement production systems include a burnable fuel supply subsystem, a cement raw material supply subsystem, a kiln subsystem and a cement clinker composition storage subsystem. The burnable fuel supply subsystem is adapted to receive one or a plurality of used and/or unused healthcare materials. The burnable fuel supply subsystem can feed the materials directly into the kiln subsystem, can convert the materials into different form and feed the different form to the kiln subsystem or feed a combination of the materials, different forms and optionally conventional fuels to the kiln subsystem.

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Номер записи: 25
11-04-2013 дата публикации

Process System for Reclaiming a Sustainable Landfill and Fuelizing Combustibles from Landfill Waste

Номер: US20130086837A1
Автор: Byung Sun Lee, Jin Yong Yun, Kyung Duk Na
Принадлежит: FORCEBEL Co Ltd

The present invention relates to a process system for reclaiming a sustainable landfill and fuelizing combustibles from the landfill waste. According to the present invention, the odor and landfill gas in the landfill are removed, and then the organic matters in the landfill waste are pre-stabilized so that the moisture of the landfill waste is partially reduced, the landfill waste which went through the odor stabilization and the pre-stabilization is excavated and sorted, and then the purity of the sorted landfill waste is increased for recycling and fuelizing, solid fuels are produced from the collected combustibles, thereby it is allowed to recycle resources and manage land efficiently due to circulating use of operating or closed landfills.

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Номер записи: 26
25-04-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAKING CEMENT AND CEMENT DERIVED THEREFROM

Номер: US20130097920A1
Автор: Berns James C., Gossman David G., Kunik Burton J.
Принадлежит: SHARPS COMPLIANCE, INC.

Integrated cement production systems and methods implementing the systems are disclosed, where the integrated cement production systems include a burnable fuel supply subsystem, a cement raw material supply subsystem, a kiln subsystem and a cement clinker composition storage subsystem. The burnable fuel supply subsystem is adapted to receive one or a plurality of used and/or unused healthcare materials. The burnable fuel supply subsystem can feed the materials directly into the kiln subsystem, can convert the materials into different form and feed the different form to the kiln subsystem or feed a combination of the materials, different forms and optionally conventional fuels to the kiln subsystem. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. (canceled)26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. (canceled)29. (canceled)30. (canceled)31. (canceled)32. (canceled)33. (canceled)34. (canceled)35. (canceled)36. (canceled)37. (canceled)38. (canceled)39. (canceled)40. A burnable fuel composition comprising a particulate burnable fuel including a disinfected used or waste material , optionally an ash and optionally a binding agent , where the used or waste material comprises pulp materials , polymer materials , metal materials , and/or other materials , where the fuel is suitable for use in cement plants.41. The composition of claim 40 , wherein the particulate material is compressed or shaped into a shape to form a shaped burnable fuel.42. The composition of claim 40 , further comprising an effective amount of the binding agent.43. The composition of claim 40 , wherein the metal materials are selected from the group consisting of aluminum claim 40 , aluminum alloys claim 40 , iron claim 40 , iron alloys ...

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Номер записи: 27
25-04-2013 дата публикации

Engineered fuel feed stock useful for displacement of coal in coal firing plants

Номер: US20130097921A1
Автор: Dingrong Bai, Paula A. Calabrese
Принадлежит: Re Community Energy LLC

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including co-firing with coal and as substitutes for coal.

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Номер записи: 28
25-04-2013 дата публикации

Products Utilizing Fiber and/or Fiber Pulp

Номер: US20130101763A1
Автор: Dean Trevor W., Hurding Richard
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to the provision of an article which includes a quantity of defibrillated cellulose fibres, in which, in certain embodiments, the fibres can be used to form substantially the entire article by the cellulose fibres acting as self bonding agents such as for example in the formation of heating briquettes which can be ignited to create a heating and/or flame effect. In another embodiment, a plastics material can be incorporated into the article with the cellulose fibres acting as a matrix in which the plastics material is held. 1. An article formed from a plurality of defibrillated cellulose fibres which are bound together to form the article wherein the density of the said bound defibrillated cellulose fibres is in the range of 0.4-1.5 grams per cubic centimetre.2. An article according to wherein the density of the article is increased by the addition of filler components.3. An article according to wherein the filler is provided in a quantity of more than 35% of the overall material.4. An article according to wherein the article is formed as any of casings claim 1 , boards claim 1 , panels claim 1 , or paper.5. An article according to wherein the article includes plastics material to an amount of no more than 50% of the total content of the material of the article.6. An article according to wherein the article includes defibrillated cellulose fibres as a material matrix wherein an amount of more than 50% of bio or standard plastic material is included in said article once formed.7. An article according to wherein the article comprises the defibrillated cellulose fibre and carrier materials of organic or mineral nature.8. An article according to wherein the article includes waste and new organic and mineral sources.9. An article according to wherein the article is a rigid or semi-rigid article.10. An article according to wherein the article is a heating briquette which claim 9 , for use claim 9 , is ignited to create heat and/or a flame with the ...

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Номер записи: 29
25-04-2013 дата публикации

PRECISION WOOD PARTICLE FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20130101850A1
Автор: Dooley James H., Lanning David N.
Принадлежит: Forest Concepts, LLC

Wood particles having fibers aligned in a grain, wherein: the wood particles are characterized by a length dimension (L) aligned substantially parallel to the grain, a width dimension (W) normal to L and aligned cross grain, and a height dimension (H) normal to W and L; the L×H dimensions define two side surfaces characterized by substantially intact longitudinally arrayed fibers; the W×H dimensions define two cross-grain end surfaces characterized individually as aligned either normal to the grain or oblique to the grain; the L×W dimensions define two substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces; and, a majority of the W×H surfaces in the mixture of wood particles have end checking 1. An industrial feedstock comprising a mixture of wood particles having fibers aligned in a grain , wherein:the wood particles are characterized by a length dimension (L) aligned substantially parallel to the grain, a width dimension (W) normal to L and aligned cross grain, and a height dimension (H) normal to W and L;the L×H dimensions define two side surfaces characterized by substantially intact longitudinally arrayed fibers;the W×H dimensions define two cross-grain end surfaces characterized individually as aligned either normal to the grain or oblique to the grain;the L×W dimensions define two substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces;a majority of the W×H surfaces in the mixture of wood particles have end checking; and,the mixture of wood particles is characterized by a substantially uniform size distribution profile as determined by the following protocol:drying approximately 1000 g of the wood particles to constant weight at 110° F.;pouring 400 g of the dried wood particles into a stacked screen assembly consisting of in a contiguous size-ordered array: a top 1-inch screen having 25.00 mm nominal sieve openings, a ½-inch screen having 12.50 mm nominal sieve openings, a ⅜-inch screen having 9.53 mm nominal sieve openings, a ¼-inch screen having 6.30 mm nominal sieve ...

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Номер записи: 30
02-05-2013 дата публикации

TORREFACTION PROCESS

Номер: US20130104450A1
Автор: Dodson Christopher, Groszek Martin
Принадлежит: MORTIMER TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS LIMITED

The present invention relates to a process for the torrefaction of a biomass feedstock for the production of a biofuel, the process comprising: (i) torrefaction of a biomass feedstock in a toroidal bed reactor, wherein the toroidal bed reactor comprises a reaction chamber with a substantially circumferentially directed flow of fluid generated therein to cause the biomass feedstock to circulate rapidly about an axis of the reaction chamber in a toroidal band, and to heat the biomass feedstock, wherein the fluid comprises gas or gases introduced into the reaction chamber and wherein the chamber is maintained under an oxygen-depleted atmosphere. 1. A process for the torrefaction of a biomass feedstock for the production of a biofuel , the process comprising:(i) torrefaction of a biomass feedstock in a toroidal bed reactor,wherein the toroidal bed reactor comprises a reaction chamber with a substantially circumferentially directed flow of fluid generated therein to cause the biomass feedstock to circulate rapidly about an axis of the reaction chamber in a toroidal band, and to heat the biomass feedstock, wherein the fluid comprises gas or gases introduced into the reaction chamber and wherein the chamber is maintained under an oxygen-depleted atmosphere.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the gas or gases comprises super heated steam and/or an inert gas.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises wood or a wood derivative.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the torrefaction step (i) heats the biomass feedstock to a temperature of from 280 to 400° C.5. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the torrefaction step (i) heats the biomass feedstock to a temperature of from 320 to 350° C.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock has a residence time of less than 5 minutes in the toroidal bed reactor in step (i).7. A process according to claim 6 , wherein the biomass feedstock has a residence time of less ...

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Номер записи: 31
30-05-2013 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Developing Terrestrial and Algal Biomass Feedstocks and Bio-Refining the Same

Номер: US20130137154A1
Автор: Reep Paul
Принадлежит: ORIGINOIL, INC.

Methods and systems for developing and bio-refining or processing biomass feedstocks into a spectrum of bio-based products which can be used as a substitute for fossil oil derivatives in various types of product manufacturing processes and/or the production of bio-energy are disclosed. In addition, methods and systems for identifying, measuring and controlling key parameters in relation to specific biomass developing processes and bio-refining processes so as to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of such processes while standardizing the underlying parameters to facilitate and enhance large-scale production of bio-based products and/or bio-energy are disclosed. 1. A method for processing standardized biomass feedstocks to yield bio-based products , comprising:providing a standardized biomass feedstock;formatting the standardized biomass feedstock for subsequent refinement; andprocessing the standardized biomass feedstock to yield bio-based products therefrom.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a standardized biomass feedstock comprises providing one of: a terrestrial biomass feedstock and a high moisture content biomass feedstock.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the terrestrial biomass feedstock comprises one of: a herbaceous biomass feedstock claim 2 , a woody biomass feedstock claim 2 , an agricultural food claim 2 , an agricultural feed crop claim 2 , an agricultural crop waste claim 2 , an agricultural residue claim 2 , a wood waste claim 2 , a wood residue claim 2 , an aquatic plant claim 2 , a vegetable oil claim 2 , a livestock manure claim 2 , a municipal waste claim 2 , and an industrial waste.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the high moisture content biomass feedstock comprises one of: algae claim 2 , beet pulp claim 2 , and sludge.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a standardized biomass feedstock comprises providing a standardized mixture of constituent biomass feedstock components.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture ...

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Номер записи: 32
13-06-2013 дата публикации

SWITCH GRASS FUEL OBJECTS WITH HIGH HEAT OUTPUT AND REDUCED AIR EMISSIONS DESIGNED FOR LARGE-SCALE POWER GENERATION

Номер: US20130145684A1
Автор: Brake William A., Mennell James A., Oja Kenneth G.
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

A Novel fuel object comprised of a proportion of switch grass and a proportion of wood fiber combined with a basically reacting compound. The fuel comprises fiber of the appropriate size and moisture content combined with an inorganic base. An appropriately sized fuel object is readily manufactured, provides high heat output, is consistent in fuel characteristics, and is sized and configured for use in power generation facilities. Based on fiber selection and processing, the fuel object may be used in a variety of current power generation technologies including stoker, fluidized bed, gasifier, cyclonic, direct-fired, and pulverized coal technologies, and results in significant reduction of air emissions (including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mercury) compared to coal with no loss of boiler or furnace efficiency. 1. A fuel object having maximum dimension of about 6 cm , a volume of about 10 to 100 cm , the fuel object comprising:(i) about 60 to 80 wt. % of a particulate derived from switch grass having a particle size of about 80 to 25,000 microns;(ii) about 20 to 40 wt. % of a wood fiber having a particle size of about 100 to 30,000 microns;(iii) about 1-10 wt % of an inorganic base; and(iv) less than about 14% of water,{'sup': −1', '−1, 'wherein the fuel object is substantially free of coal and polymeric binder, and the fuel and provides at least 7,000 BTU-lb.(3500 cal.-gm) upon combustion.'}2. The fuel object of wherein the fuel object comprises a cubic or cylindrical unit with a side dimension of 2 to 6 cm.3. The fuel object of wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , and mixtures thereof4. The fuel object of wherein the BTU source of the fuel object consists essentially of:(i) about 60 to 70 wt. % of switch grass;(ii) about 30 to 40 wt. % of wood fiber;(iii) about 2 to 3 wt. % of an inorganic base; and(iv) about 8 to 14 wt. % of ...

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Номер записи: 33
20-06-2013 дата публикации

CORN STOVER FUEL OBJECTS WITH HIGH HEAT OUTPUT AND REDUCED EMISSIONS DESIGNED FOR LARGE-SCALE POWER GENERATION

Номер: US20130152461A1
Автор: Brake William A., Mennell James A., Oja Kenneth G.
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

A Novel fuel object comprised of a proportion of corn stover and a proportion of wood fiber combined with a basically reacting compound. The object comprises fiber of the appropriate size and moisture content combined with an inorganic base. An appropriately sized object is readily manufactured, provides high heat output, is consistent in fuel characteristics, and is sized and configured for use in power generation facilities. Based on fiber selection and processing, the fuel object may be used in a variety of current power generation technologies including stoker, fluidized bed, gasifier, cyclonic, direct-fired, and pulverized coal technologies, and results in significant reduction of air emissions (including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mercury) compared to coal with no loss of boiler or furnace efficiency. 1. A fuel object having maximum dimension of about 6 cm , a volume of about 10 to 100 cm , a moisture content of less than about 14 wt. % , the fuel object comprising:(i) about 60 to 80 wt. % of a particulate derived from corn stover having a particle size of about 100 to 35,000 microns;(ii) about 20 to 40 wt. % of a wood fiber having a particle size of about 100 to 30,000 microns; and(iii) about 1 to 10 wt. % of sodium bicarbonate; and{'sup': −1', '−1, '(iv) wherein the fuel object is substantially free of coal as a heat source and the fuel object provides at least 7,000 BTU-lb(3500 cal.-gm).'}2. The fuel object of wherein the fuel object comprises a cubic unit with a side dimension of 2 to 6 cm.3. A fuel source comprising a fuel object according to and a conventional fossil fuel.4. The fuel source of wherein the conventional fossil fuel comprises coal.5. A method of reducing emissions upon combustion of a conventional fossil fuel claim 1 , said method comprising co-firing a fuel object of with a conventional fossil fuel.6. The method of wherein HCl claim 5 , SOand NOemissions are reduced.7. The ...

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Номер записи: 34
27-06-2013 дата публикации

Method for Processing Solid and Liquid Wastes from the Production of Vegetable Oil

Номер: US20130160355A1
Автор: Bauer Ingo, Bonsch Rudolf, HOFFMANN Manfred, Saft Helmut, SCHMIDT Wolfgang, Seidel Eckhard
Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

A method for processing solid, organic wastes obtained in the production of vegetable oil, for example the production of palm oil, chiefly consisting of pressing residues of the oil plants and/or oil seeds and oil-containing waste water by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), wherein the oil present in the waste water in emulsified form is sorbed by the solids rich in carbon, which are obtained from the solid wastes. 1. A method for processing solid , organic wastes and waste water obtained in the production of vegetable oil , wherein the solid wastes comprise pressing residues of oil fruits or oil seeds and the waste water contains vegetable oil residues beside other organic impurities , which are present in the waste water in emulsified form , wherein the solid , organic wastes are comminuted and in a stirred , heated reactor mixed with the waste water to form a suspension , the pH value of the suspension is adjusted in the acidic range , the atmospheric oxygen is removed from the reactor by flushing with inert gas , the reactor is closed gas-tight and the suspension is heated to at least 170° C. and kept at elevated pressure for at least 0.5 hours , wherein the solid , organic wastes chiefly are converted to a solid material rich in carbon , and wherein the emulsion of waste water and vegetable oil residues is broken and the oil is sorbed by the obtained solid material rich in carbon , and wherein subsequently the suspension is cooled , removed from the reactor and separated into a solids and a waste water fraction.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid claim 1 , organic wastes are comminuted to a particle size of 2 to 5 cm.3. The method according to wherein the dry matter content of the suspension before heating is adjusted to 10 to 40%.4. The method according to wherein the pH value of the suspension claim 1 , before heating claim 1 , is adjusted to a value between 3.0 and 6.9.5515. The method according to wherein inside the reactor claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 35
27-06-2013 дата публикации

SLURRY DEWATERING AND CONVERSION OF BIOSOLIDS TO A RENEWABLE FUEL

Номер: US20130160683A1
Автор: Bolin Kevin M., Dickinson Norman L., Dooley Brian, Overstreet Edward
Принадлежит: SGC ADVISORS, LLC

In the processes for treating municipal sewage and storm water containing biosolids to discharge standards, biosolids, even after dewatering, contain typically about 80% water bound in the dead cells of the biosolids, which gives biosolids a negative heating value. It can be incinerated only at the expense of purchased fuel. Biosolids are heated to a temperature at which their cell structure is destroyed and, preferably, at which carbon dioxide is split off to lower the oxygen content of the biosolids. The resulting char is not hydrophilic, and it can be efficiently dewatered and/or dried and is a viable renewable fuel. This renewable fuel can be supplemented by also charging conventional biomass (yard and crop waste, etc.) in the same or in parallel facilities. Similarly, non-renewable hydrophilic fuels can be so processed in conjunction with the processing of biosolids to further augment the energy supply. 1. A process of converting biomass into a renewable fuel comprising the steps of:providing biomass comprising at least about 10% water;slurrying the biomass by performing at least one of the steps of grinding and adding at least one of fresh water, recycled water, steam, and a combination thereof to form a pumpable slurry;applying sufficient pressure to the biomass slurry to maintain liquidity and form pressurized biomass;heating the pressurized biomass to a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is sufficient to form an aqueous char slurry, carbon dioxide, and free water;depressurizing the biomass char slurry;separating the carbon dioxide from the biomass char slurry; andremoving at least a portion of the free water from the biomass char slurry to provide a dewatered biomass char product containing a decreased oxygen content.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises sewage sludge.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:reacting the dewatered biomass char product with a gas comprising oxygen to thereby convert its ...

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Номер записи: 36
27-06-2013 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS

Номер: US20130164798A1
Автор: El Tahchy Anna, Liu Qing, Petrie James Robertson, Singh Surinder Pal, Vanhercke Thomas
Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of physically processing the vegetative plant part comprises one or more of rolling claim 1 , pressing claim 1 , crushing or grinding the vegetative plant part.3. The process of claim 1 , which prior to step ii) further comprises the steps of:(a) extracting at least some of the non-polar lipid content from the vegetative plant part as non-polar lipid, and(b) recovering the extracted non-polar lipid.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein(i) the extracted non-polar lipid comprises triacylglycerols, wherein the triacylglycerols comprise at least 90% (w/w) of the extracted non-polar lipid, and/or(ii) the extracted non-polar lipid comprises free sterols, steroyl esters, steroyl glycosides, waxes or wax esters, or any combination thereof.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein step (a) uses an organic solvent.6. The process of which comprises one or more ofa) recovering the extracted non-polar lipid by collecting it in a container,b) one or more of degumming, deodorising, decolourising, drying or fractionating the extracted non-polar lipid,c) removing at least some waxes and/or wax esters from the extracted non-polar lipid, andd) analysing the fatty acid composition of the extracted non-polar lipid.7. The process of in which the volume of the extracted non-polar lipid is at least 1 litre.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the industrial product is a hydrocarbon product such as fatty acid esters claim 1 , preferably fatty acid methyl esters and/or a fatty acid ethyl esters claim 1 , an alkane such as methane claim 1 , ethane or a longer-chain alkane claim 1 , a mixture of longer chain alkanes claim 1 , an alkene claim 1 , a biofuel claim 1 , carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen gas claim ...

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Номер записи: 37
01-08-2013 дата публикации

Process and System For Manufacturing Improved Heat Value Solid Fuel From Solid Waste

Номер: US20130192127A1
Автор: Rhatigan William F.
Принадлежит:

A method for manufacturing solid fuel, including estimating a heat value for at least a portion of a combustible waste stream. At least one type of combustible polymer is added to the combustible waste stream as needed to raise the estimated heat value of the portion of combustible waste stream to a desired heat value. The combustible waste stream is heated and mixed with the at least one type of combustible polymer to increase the structural integrity of a solid fuel formed from the mixed combustible waste stream and to increase the hydrophobic properties of the solid fuel. The heated and mixed combustible waste stream is pressed into objects of solid fuel, such as briquettes, which are substantially hydrophobic. 1. A method for manufacturing solid fuel , comprising:removing non-combustible and hazardous materials from a waste stream of substantially solid materials to produce a substantially combustible waste stream;estimating a heat value for at least a portion of the combustible waste stream;adding at least one type of combustible polymer to the combustible waste stream as needed to raise the estimated heat value of the portion of combustible waste stream to a desired heat value;heating and mixing the combustible waste stream with the at least one type of combustible polymer to increase the structural integrity of a solid fuel formed from the mixed combustible waste stream and to increase the hydrophobic properties of the solid fuel; andpressing the heated and mixed combustible waste stream into objects of solid fuel which are substantially hydrophobic.2. The method of wherein the at least one type of combustible polymer includes recycled resins.3. The method of wherein at least two types of combustible polymers are selectively added to the combustible waste stream.4. The method of wherein the combustible polymer is heated to a temperature between 200 degrees F. to about 350 degrees F. at least during mixing with the combustible waste stream.5. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 38
01-08-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: US20130196386A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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Номер записи: 39
08-08-2013 дата публикации

CARBONACEOUS FINES BENEFICIATION USING MICRO-ALGAE AND RELATED PROCESSES

Номер: US20130199087A1
Автор: Dugmore Gary Morris, Zeelie Bernard
Принадлежит: NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY

A method is provided for the treatment of water containing micro-algae wherein the water is contacted with carbonaceous fines to adsorb micro-algae onto particles of the carbonaceous fines. The carbonaceous fines may be coal or charcoal fines or mixtures thereof. The carbonaceous fines may be pre-treated to remove any unsuitable or valuable materials therefrom; or to produce suitable size ranges of particles for one or more purposes selected from facilitating adsorption; handling of the carbonaceous fines both before and after adsorption of the micro-algae; and separation of the carbonaceous fines with adsorbed micro-algae thereon. The method may target the beneficiation of carbonaceous fines and the carbonaceous fines together with the adsorbed microalgae thereon may be subjected to an agglomeration process for the production of agglomerates such as briquettes or pellets. The method may target the upgrading of a polluted water system in a commercial water treatment process. 1. A method for the treatment of water containing micro-algae in order to remove at least a part of the micro-algae therein , the method being characterized in that it includes contacting carbonaceous fines with such water under conditions that permit adsorption of micro-algae onto particles of carbonaceous fines and separating carbonaceous fines together with adsorbed micro-algae thereon from the water wherein the carbonaceous fines are loaded with microalgae adsorbed thereon to an amount of from 1% to 25% algae by weight of the carbonaceous fines.2. A method as claimed in in which the carbonaceous fines are coal fines.3. A method as claimed in in which the carbonaceous fines are pre-treated as may be required to produce suitable size ranges of particles for at least one purpose selected from facilitating adsorption; facilitating handling of the carbonaceous fines both before and after adsorption of the micro-algae; and facilitating separation of the carbonaceous fines with adsorbed micro-algae ...

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Номер записи: 40
22-08-2013 дата публикации

Composite carbonaceous fuel compact

Номер: US20130212935A1
Автор: Robert L. Heimann
Принадлежит: Enginuity Worldwide LLC

A carbonaceous compact is provided by the present disclosure that includes a body having a partially or fully carbonaceous biomass composition and an adhesive additive. The adhesive additive includes a starch and a hydroxide. The porous nature of the carbonaceous material provides means for nutrient retention or filtering means. Carbon is activated through chemical or thermal reaction from pyrolyized wood/nut.

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Номер записи: 41
22-08-2013 дата публикации

Composite animal feed compact

Номер: US20130217785A1
Автор: Robert L. Heimann
Принадлежит: Enginuity Worldwide LLC

An animal feed compact is provided by the present disclosure that includes a body having a various feed composition and an adhesive additive. The adhesive additive includes a starch and a hydroxide. Further additives may also be provided, which include any edible/digestible alfalfa meal, sunflower meal grain, ruffage [roughage], soybean meal wheat mids, hay, stover, whey dicalcium phosphate, limestone molasses, minerals, vitamins and medication. Various geometries and compositions for the biomass fuel compact are also provided by the present disclosure.

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Номер записи: 42
29-08-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEMS, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATING TO COMBUSTIBLE BIOMATERIALS

Номер: US20130219780A1
Автор: CARLIN Nicholas, JOHAL Sumer, McNamara John J., SHAH Pauravi
Принадлежит: Agni Corporation (Cayman Island)

A composition of biomass material is disclosed. The composition includes: (i) a lignocellulosic material; and (ii) at least one member selected from a group comprising of potassium, sodium and chlorides, wherein said at least one member comprising not more than about 0.01% (by weight) of said composition. The composition may not include more than 10% of water. 1. A composition of biomass material , comprising:a lignocellulosic material; andchlorides comprising not more than about 0.1% (by weight) of said composition.27. The composition of biomass material in claim , wherein said composition comprises not more than 10% of water.37. The composition of claim , wherein a heat value of said biomass material is between about 15 ,000 kJ/kg and about 20 ,000 kJ/kg. The application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/941,023, filed Nov. 5, 2010, which further claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application having Ser. No. 61/326,998, filed on Apr. 22, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates generally to production of combustible biomaterials. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel systems, methods, and compositions relating to production of combustible biomaterials from one or more different types of agricultural residue.2. Background of the InventionHigh demand for fuel and energy, and a decrease in conventional energy supplies, such as oil and natural gas, are driving exploration of renewable energy sources such as biofuels. Renewable energy sources are desirable because they are available long after conventional energy supplies have been depleted. Specifically, biomass, a resource abundantly and renewably present in nature, is the source for production of biofuels.In an attempt to harness energy from biomass, conventional systems and methods attempt to burn biomass in biomass-fired combustors at industrial-grade temperatures, typically ...

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Номер записи: 43
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Biofuel pyrolysis device and methods of use thereof

Номер: US20130228443A1
Автор: Edward DEPOULI
Принадлежит: Individual

Described herein are biofuel pyrolysis devices and methods of use thereof. The devices described herein include a reactor having a plurality of chambers wherein the chambers of the reactor can be arranged to have at least one aerobic chamber and anaerobic chamber. In certain aspects, the devices described herein can be used for distilling biomass and for potentially generating torrefied products, which include, but are not limited to, torrefied biomass. In certain aspects, the method describe herein include, but are not limited to, introducing biomass onto at least one tray of a plurality of trays in a first chamber of the reactor, heating the biomass in the first chamber with heated vapor from at least one vapor inlet, and transferring the biomass from an upper tray to at least one of the following: a lower tray, a biomass outlet, another chamber (i.e., at least a second chamber), or any combination thereof.

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Номер записи: 44
12-09-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE TORREFACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20130232863A1
Автор: RAWLS Joseph Monroe, STROMBERG Bertil
Принадлежит: ANDRITZ TECHNOLOGY AND ASSET MANAGEMENT GMBH

Systems and methods for producing torrefied lignocellulosic material in a commercially suitable process. 1. A method for the torrefaction of lignocellulosic material comprising the steps of:drying lignocellulosic material to remove at least a portion of moisture contained within the lignocellulosic material;reacting the dried lignocellulosic material at a pressure between 1 and 50 bar and at a temperature between 100 and 1000° C. in a torrefaction reactor to generate torrefied biomass and torrefaction gas;recycling at least a portion of the torrefaction gas back to the torrefaction reactor;cooling the torrefied biomass in a cooler operating in a substantially oxygen-free environment;recycling inert gas to the cooler and recycling inert gas to the torrefaction reactor;supplying make-up inert gas to the cooler;wherein the method uses the inert gas as at least a partial medium for transferring heat among the torrefaction reactor and the cooler.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooler is a fluidbed cooler claim 1 , and wherein the method further comprises a step of separating the torrefied biomass and inert gas in a cyclone.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert gas comprises nitrogen.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of drying removes moisture present in the lignocellulosic material such that an absolute moisture content of the lignocellulosic material is less than 15% of the total weight of the lignocellulosic material.5. The method of further comprising the step of combusting at least oxygen and a portion of the torrefaction gas produced in the torrefaction reactor to produce a hot flue gas.6. The method of further comprising the step of providing the hot flue gas to the dryer at a temperature of up to 1 claim 1 ,000° C.7. The method of further comprising the step of compacting in a pelletizer the torrefied biomass solids obtained from the cooler.8. The method of further comprising the steps of separating air into at least a first stream ...

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Номер записи: 45
19-09-2013 дата публикации

Processes and apparatus for producing fermentable sugars and low-ash biomass for combustion at reduced emissions

Номер: US20130244290A1
Автор: Theodora Retsina, Vesa Pylkkanen
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing hemicellulosic sugars and low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution; and recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products include fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin.

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Номер записи: 46
26-09-2013 дата публикации

Fire starter

Номер: US20130247455A1
Автор: Anil Torgalkar, Lionel Xavier, Vilambi Reddy
Принадлежит: Apptec Inc

The Present Invention is a fire starting device for use as kindling manufactured from pine straw, as the primary component, a vegetable oil, natural resins, and an herbal component. The composition of the device differs from prior art devices that burn petroleum hydrocarbons. The device is hollow, having at least one vertical channel and at least one horizontal channel drilled from the outer wall of the device to the inner vertical channel. The fire starter device is ignited from the top, and it burns to produce a high, intense flame that ignites other flammable materials having a much greater kindling temperature. The height of the flame and the burn duration are controlled by the overall size of the device and the sizes of the channels. The device burns clean with a minimum of smoke and harmful or noxious fumes. Burning the device minimally creates air pollution. It burns completely with a minimum of ash residue.

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Номер записи: 47
26-09-2013 дата публикации

Densified biomass products containing pretreated biomass fibers

Номер: US20130247456A1
Автор: Bruce E. Dale, Bryan Ritchie, Derek Marshall
Принадлежит: Michigan State University MSU

A product is provided comprising at least one densified biomass particulate having a substantially smooth, non-flakey outer surface and containing no added binder, wherein said densified biomass particulate is comprised of a plurality of pretreated lignin-coated plant biomass fibers which contain a trace amount of base from pretreatment of said fibers. Methods for using and making the product are also described.

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Номер записи: 48
26-09-2013 дата публикации

Method And Devices For Forming Articles

Номер: US20130247457A1
Автор: Dorendorf Bruce, Fajt James
Принадлежит: American Bio Labs

The present invention is predicated upon methods and devices for forming numerous articles for various applications including nutritional applications, medicinal applications, or other useful applications for plants, animals or otherwise. In one aspect, the present invention provides methods and devices for forming high quality pellets using alginates as a retention agent for the ingredients. This may be achieved through the creation or modification of pre-existing forming devices, wherein an alginate applicator is provided for applying the alginate to the ingredients, before, during or after formation of the articles, or combinations thereof, to retain the ingredients of the articles together. 120-. (canceled)21. A bio-fuel pellet , comprising: a first ingredient including combustible organic material, and', 'a second ingredient including alginate,, 'a mixture formed ofwherein the first and second ingredients are combined together and the resulting mixture is shaped to form a cylindrical pellet, andwherein the second ingredient functions as a retention agent to maintain the size and shape of the cylindrical pellet.22. The pellet of claim 21 , wherein the organic material comprise wood.23. The pellet of claim 21 , wherein the organic material comprise shredded wood.24. The pellet of claim 21 , wherein the alginate comprises sodium alginate.25. The pellet of claim 21 , wherein the alginate comprises the primary retention agent for maintaining the shape of the cylindrical pellets.26. A method of forming bio-fuel pellets claim 21 , comprising the steps of:mixing a first ingredient including combustible organic material with a second ingredient including alginate; andpelletizing the combined first ingredient and second ingredient to form individual pellets.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the organic material comprise wood.28. The method of claim 26 , wherein the second ingredient comprises hydrated alginate.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the alginate is ...

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Номер записи: 49
26-09-2013 дата публикации

Fuel system and process for its production for environmental protective energetic use of urban sewage sludge

Номер: US20130247458A1
Автор: Georg Szczendzina, Tobias Löhr
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention relates to a fuel system and to a process for the production of such a fuel system by using urban sewage sludge. Environment protective energetic use of urban sewage sludge and the reduction of fossil Carbon dioxide are the important goals. The fuel system according to the present invention shows a content of fossil carbon which is clearly reduced compared to that of fossil fuels while the fuel-technological properties are the same. Thus the emission of the carbon dioxide based on fossil carbon is notably reduced during the use of the fuel system according to the invention. In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the fuel system according to the invention is provided consisting of different fossil regular fuels and urban sewage sludge as biogenic carbon donor, with biomasses serving as a biogenic carbon donor.

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Номер записи: 50
24-10-2013 дата публикации

System and method for purifying solid carboniferous fuels, using a rotary chamber, prior to chemical looping combustion

Номер: US20130277198A1
Автор: Peter Rugg
Принадлежит: Individual

Solid carboniferous fuels contain varying quantities of moisture, mercury, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, heavy metals and other materials that attain vapor pressure at elevated temperatures. The cost effective removal of these degrading and sometimes hazardous materials is important to the further use of the fuel for combustion as a solid, liquid, or gas. The solid fuel is cut, shredded, ground or sieved to appropriate size, and heated in a chamber that can exclude oxygen and air thus preventing ignition. The unwanted materials are driven in the gaseous state and extracted for disposal. The solid fuel cleaned of pollutants exits the chamber and is cooled below ignition temperature prior to contact with oxygen. The solid fuel thus purified is more appropriate for combustion, liquefaction or gasification due to the reduced costs in use as a fuel or in the post combustion clean up.

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Номер записи: 51
31-10-2013 дата публикации

HAY-BASED FUEL LOG AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20130283680A1
Автор: Bragdon Peter
Принадлежит:

A hay-based fuel log formed of a combination of pieces of hay and a binding agent. The hay pieces and the binding agent are compressed together into a solid shape. The hay-based fuel log is fabricated so that the majority of the hay-binder combination is made of the hay. The binder is selected to be sufficient to keep the hay pieces joined together in its selected shape. The binder may be wax paraffin, plastic, corn starch or potato starch or any combination thereof. The hay-based fuel log is fabricated by compressing the hay-binder mixture together with sufficient pressure to enable the hay pieces to stay together. 1. A hay-based fuel log comprising a mixture of hay and a binder pressed together.2. The log of wherein the hay is approximately 70% to 80% by weight of the mixture and the binder is approximately 20% to 30% by weight of the mixture.3. The log of wherein the binder is wax paraffin.4. The log of wherein the binder is plastic.5. The log of wherein the binder is corn starch or potato starch.6. The log of wherein the binder is a combination of two or more binders selected from the group consisting of wax paraffin claim 1 , plastic claim 1 , corn starch and potato starch.7. The log of wherein the hay is hay pieces of approximately ⅛″.8. The log of wherein the log is of a cylindrical shape.9. A method of making a hay-based fuel log comprising the steps of:a. processing hay into hay pieces;b. mixing the hay pieces with a binder to make a hay and binder mixture; andc. pressing the mixture into the form of a log.10. The method of wherein the hay pieces comprise approximately 70% to 80% by weight of the mixture and the binder is approximately 20% to 30% by weight of the mixture.11. The method of wherein the binder is wax paraffin.12. The method of wherein the binder is plastic.13. The method of wherein the binder is corn starch or potato starch.14. The method of wherein the binder is a combination of two or more binders selected from the group consisting of wax ...

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Номер записи: 52
07-11-2013 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING ENERGY-DENSE BIOMASS AND SUGARS OR SUGAR DERIVATIVES, BY INTEGRATED HYDROLYSIS AND TORREFACTION

Номер: US20130295628A1
Автор: "OCONNOR Ryan", PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

This invention provides processes to convert biomass into energy-dense biomass for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. In some variations, biomass is extracted to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and cellulose-rich solids; hemicellulosic oligomers are removed; and the cellulose-rich solids are torrefied to produce energy-dense biomass. In some embodiments, hydrotorrefaction is employed to produce hydrophobic, energy-dense biomass in an energy-efficient process that avoids intermediate drying between extraction/hydrolysis and torrefaction. The energy-dense biomass may be pelletized or directly combusted or gasified. The hemicellulosic oligomers may be hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars and then fermented to ethanol or other products, or further reacted to produce furfural or other products. 1. A process for producing energy-dense biomass and fermentable sugars from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) extracting said feedstock with steam and/or hot water under effective extraction conditions to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids;(c) separating at least a portion of said hemicellulosic oligomers from said cellulose-rich solids, to produce intermediate solids;(d) torrefying said intermediate solids to produce said energy-dense biomass;(e) hydrolyzing said hemicellulosic oligomers into fermentable sugars; and(f) recovering said fermentable sugars.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (d) utilizes hydrotorrefaction.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said extraction solution comprises pressurized hot water.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said extraction solution further contains sulfur dioxide claim 1 , sulfurous acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) includes washing said cellulose-rich solids using an ...

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Номер записи: 53
14-11-2013 дата публикации

ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCK

Номер: US20130298454A1
Автор: BAI Dingrong
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. 176-. (canceled)77. A method of producing an engineered fuel feed stock from a processed MSW waste stream , the method comprising the steps of: a carbon content of between about 30 wt % and about 40 wt %,', 'a hydrogen content of between about 3 wt % and about 10 wt %, and, 'a) selecting a plurality of components from a processed MSW waste stream which components in combination have chemical molecular characteristics comprising,'}b) combining the selected components of step a) to form an engineered fuel feed stock;wherein the engineered fuel feed stock contains biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste and is substantially free of glass, metals, grit, and noncombustible waste.78. The method of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has moisture content of between about 10 wt % and about 30 wt %.79. The method of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a sulfur content of less than about 0.5 wt %.80. The method of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a chlorine content of less than about 1 wt %.81. The method of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a HHV of between about 5 claim 77 ,000 BTU/lb and about 13 claim 77 ,000 BTU/lb.82. The method of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a volatile matter content of about 40 wt % to about 80 wt %.83. The method of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has an ash content of less than about 10 wt %.84. The method of claim 77 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has an H/C ratio of between about 0.025 and about 0.20.85. The method ...

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Номер записи: 54
14-11-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING ENGINEERED FUEL FEEDSTOCKS WITH REDUCED CHLORINE CONTENT

Номер: US20130298455A1
Автор: BAI Dingrong
Принадлежит: Re Community Energy, LLC

Systems and methods for producing engineered fuels from municipal solid waste material are described herein. In some embodiments, a method includes combining a first waste stream that includes at least one of hard plastic, soft plastic and mixed plastic with a sorbent and increasing the temperature of the combined first waste stream and sorbent to a temperature of at least about 200° C. The method further includes combining the thermally treated first waste stream and sorbent with a second waste stream that includes fiber, and compressing the combined first waste stream, sorbent, and second waste stream to form a densified engineered fuel feedstock. 1. A method of producing an engineered fuel feedstock from a processed MSW waste stream , the method comprising:combining a first waste stream that includes at least one of hard plastic, soft plastic and mixed plastic with a sorbent;increasing the temperature of the combined first waste stream and sorbent to a temperature of at least about 200° C.;combining the thermally treated first waste stream and sorbent with a second waste stream, the second waste stream including fiber; andcompressing the combined first waste stream, sorbent, and second waste stream to form a densified engineered fuel feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the combined first waste stream and sorbent is increased for at least about 10 minutes.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the temperature of the combined first waste stream and sorbent is increased to at least about 30 minutes.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the temperature of the combined first waste stream and sorbent is increased to at least about 350° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first waste stream consists essentially of hard plastic and soft plastic.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second waste stream consists essentially of fiber.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:processing the engineered fuel feedstock to an average particle size ...

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Номер записи: 55
05-12-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR DRYING AND TORREFACTION

Номер: US20130318865A1
Автор: Bevacqua Joseph, Borre Robert, Weisselberg Edward
Принадлежит: WYSSMONT COMPANY INC.

A method for torrefaction of water containing cellulosic materials is performed in an inert atmosphere. The cellulosic material is cascaded through the apparatus between a plurality of rotatable trays vertically stacked within multiple processing zones. Steam being generated from heating of the cellulosic material is recycled back to the apparatus to provide an inert atmosphere. The steam may be superheated in a heat exchanger. Exhaust from the torrefaction zone of the apparatus has some moisture and other volatiles removed prior to being reheated in a burner. The heated exhaust is used in the heat exchanger to superheat the recycled steam. 1. An apparatus for the torrefaction of cellulose containing material , comprising:a material processing chamber adapted for torrefying water containing cellulose material cascading therethrough, the chamber including an upper drying zone and a lower torrefying zone in communication with the upper drying zone, wherein the upper drying zone is adapted for removing water from the cellulosic material, and the lower torrefying zone is adapted for torrefying the cellulosic material received from the upper drying zone;a plurality of material supports arranged within the upper drying zone and the lower torrefying zone for receiving the cellulose material cascading downwardly through each zone, each of the plurality of material supports having an opening for the passage of material being processed thereon, wherein the material cascades downwardly through the processing chamber from one material support to another underlying material support;an outlet in communication with the processing chamber for exiting exhaust gas from within the processing chamber, the exhaust gas including steam formed in the upper drying zone and at least one volatile gas component formed in the lower torrefying zone, wherein the steam at least partially provides an inert atmosphere within the processing chamber;an inlet in communication with the processing ...

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Номер записи: 56
12-12-2013 дата публикации

PELLETIZED FUEL PRODUCTS, METHODS, AND APPARATUSES

Номер: US20130326939A1
Автор: Coble, III James Grady, Lawrence William J.
Принадлежит:

Pelletized fuel products, methods, and apparatuses are provided. The method includes pelletizing at least partially carbonized biomass in an inert atmosphere. The apparatus includes a feeder of at least partially carbonized biomass, a pelletizer configured to receive and pelletize the at least partially carbonized biomass, and an inert gas source configured to provide inert gas to the pelletizer. 1. A method for producing a pelletized fuel product , comprising:pelletizing at least partially carbonized biomass in an inert atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially carbonized biomass comprises torrefied wood or hydrothermally carbonized wood.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying a binder to the at least partially carbonized biomass prior to the step of pelletization.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert atmosphere comprises an inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and steam.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying water to the at least partially carbonized biomass prior to the step of pelletization.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially carbonized biomass has a moisture content of from about 2 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the at least partially carbonized biomass.7. An apparatus for producing a pelletized fuel product claim 1 , comprising:a feeder of at least partially carbonized biomass;a pelletizer configured to receive and pelletize the at least partially carbonized biomass; andan inert gas source configured to provide inert gas to the pelletizer.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least partially carbonized biomass comprises torrefied wood or hydrothermally carbonized wood.9. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising:a water source configured to moisten the at least partially carbonized biomass to a moisture content of from about 2 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the at least partially carbonized ...

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Номер записи: 57
12-12-2013 дата публикации

PELLETIZED CARBONIZED BIOMASS, METHODS, AND APPARATUSES

Номер: US20130326940A1
Автор: Coble, III James Grady, Lawrence William J., Phillips Jared Ray
Принадлежит:

Pelletized carbonized biomass-based fuel products, methods, and apparatuses are provided. Methods include applying a binder and a first amount of water to at least partially carbonized biomass, applying a second amount of water to the at least partially carbonized biomass, and pelletizing the at least partially carbonized biomass in an inert atmosphere. Apparatuses include a feeder of at least partially carbonized biomass, a binder source and a first water source configured to provide a binder and water to the at least partially carbonized biomass, a second water source downstream of the binder and first water sources, a pelletizer configured to receive and pelletize the at least partially carbonized biomass, and an inert gas source configured to provide inert gas to the pelletizer. 1. A method for producing a pelletized fuel product , comprising:applying a first amount of water to the at least partially carbonized biomass, the first amount of water being effective to give the at least partially carbonized biomass a moisture content of about 20 percent to about 40 percent by weight;applying a second amount of water to the at least partially carbonized biomass after applying the first amount of water, the second amount of water being effective to bring a moisture content of the at least partially carbonized biomass to about 40 percent to about 60 percent by weight; and thereafterpelletizing the at least partially carbonized biomass in an inert atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially carbonized biomass comprises torrefied wood or hydrothermally carbonized wood.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying a binder to the at least partially carbonized biomass prior to the step of pelletization.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert atmosphere comprises an inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and steam.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second amount of water is ...

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Номер записи: 58
16-01-2014 дата публикации

REFINED TORREFIED BIOMASS

Номер: US20140013661A1
Автор: Breneman William C., Carter David T., Dawson Howard J., Green Andrew J., Morihara Hiroshi, Palmer Richard F.
Принадлежит: HM3 ENERGY, INC.

A manufacturing process is disclosed for preparing torrefied biomass having a reduced inorganic content which comprises passing crude torrefied biomass through one or more selective separation devices capable of separating inorganic particulate matter from the torrefied biomass. 1. A process for manufacturing refined torrefied biomass having a reduced inorganic content , comprising passing crude torrefied biomass through at least one selective separation device capable of separating inorganic particulate matter from the torrefied biomass.2. The process of wherein the device comprises a vibrating mesh sieve.3. The process of wherein the device comprises an air separator.4. The process of wherein the device comprises a cyclone.5. The process of wherein the device comprises an air knife.6. The process of wherein the device comprises a fluidized bed separator.7. The process of wherein claim 1 , prior to passing the torrefied biomass through the selective separation device claim 1 , the torrefied biomass is subjected to a comminuting process to confer an essentially uniform granulate particle size to the torrefied biomass.8. The process of wherein the comminuting process comprises subjecting the torrefied biomass to a pulverizing claim 7 , triturating claim 7 , milling or sonification treatment.9. The process of wherein the torrefied biomass comprises non-debarked forest wood and forestry debris.10. The process according to claim 9 , comprising passing granulate torrefied biomass comprising the non-debarked forest wood and forest debris through a fluidized bed separator to separate larger particle granulate torrefied biomass from smaller inorganic particles.1117-. (canceled)18. The process according to further comprising compacting the refined torrefied biomass.19. The process according to further comprising using the torrefied biomass as a solid fuel to provide a concomitant reduction in generation of inorganic ash.20. The method according to further comprising ...

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Номер записи: 59
30-01-2014 дата публикации

ORGANIC FUEL BRICK

Номер: US20140026471A1
Автор: Richey Michael
Принадлежит:

Ecologically friendly organically composed fuel products are presented whose composition includes, but is not limited to, ingredients: 58 to 60 percent decomposed straw, 38 percent horse or cow manure, two percent hay mixture from various blends used as feed, and two percent straw dust. The above ingredients are subjected to a number of processing steps with the end product being a hydraulically compressed fuel product, such as a brick, block, briquette, blank, pellet, etc., dried to a less than 10 percent moisture content. Eco-friendly organic fuel products may be created from other ingredients than those described herein could undergo the disclosed process to produce other types of fuel items, both organic and inorganic, with the ingredients comprising wood chips, other kinds of animal manure, and wood chips. 1. A process for creating an organic fuel product from raw organic material , the process comprising:placing straw in a first grinder for grinding;cleaning the ground straw by removing seeds;hammering the straw in a hammering process;{'b': '110', 'heating the straw to a temperature of at least degrees Fahrenheit;'}providing the straw to a second grinder for mixing and grinding;adding manure to the second grinder for mixing and grinding with the straw;providing the mixed and ground straw and manure to a tumble dryer for drying the straw and manure mixture to an amount that is less than ten percent of the original moisture content of the straw; andproviding the intermixed straw and manure from the tumble dryer to a hydraulic press for compacting and compressing the intermixed straw and manure thereby creating an organic fuel product.2. The process for creating the organic fuel product of claim 1 , further including providing at least one of hay and straw dust that is added to and intermixed with the straw at the first grinder.3. The process for creating the organic fuel product of claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic press exerts a pressure of at least 22 claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 60
30-01-2014 дата публикации

ORGANIC FUEL PRODUCTS AND FIRE STARTERS

Номер: US20140026472A1
Автор: Richey Michael F.
Принадлежит:

Ecologically friendly and organically composed fuel products and fire starters are presented. The composition of products and starters includes, but is not limited to: 58 to 60 percent decomposed straw, 38 percent horse or cow manure, and optionally, two percent hay mixture from various blends used as feed, and two percent straw dust from material pounded on by animals. During a formation process the composition is subjected to a number of steps with the end product being a hydraulically compressed fuel log, brick, ball, block, briquette, blank, pellet, and the like, dried to a less than 10 per cent moisture content. While the process is applicable to formation of organic fuel products and fire starters, other ingredients may be used to produce other types of fuel products, both organic and inorganic, including wood chips, other kinds of animal manure. 1. An organic fuel product , comprising:raw organic material including straw that is ground, cleaned to remove seeds, hammered and heated to a temperature of at least 110 degrees Fahrenheit to form a processed material; andmanure mixed with the processed material, the mixture of the processed material and manure being ground and dried to an amount that is less than ten percent of the original moisture content of the straw;wherein the dried mixture is compacted and compressed into a predetermined shape fuel product by a hydraulic press.2. The organic fuel product of claim 1 , wherein the raw organic material further includes one or more of hay in an amount of about two percent (2%) by weight and straw dust in an amount of about two percent (2%) by weight.3. The organic fuel product of claim 1 , wherein predetermined shape includes one of a log claim 1 , a ball claim 1 , a sphere claim 1 , a block claim 1 , a brick claim 1 , a briquette claim 1 , a blank and pellet.4. The organic fuel product of claim 1 , further including wax in an amount of about two percent (2%) by weight to form a fire starter.5. The organic fuel ...

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Номер записи: 61
30-01-2014 дата публикации

Device and Method for Manufacturing Semi-Carbonized Fuel of Biomass, and Power Generation System Using Semi-Carbonized Fuel

Номер: US20140026791A1
Автор: OKAZAKI Hirofumi, ORII Akihito, TATSUMI Tetsuma
Принадлежит: HITACHI LTD

Provided are a device and a method for manufacturing a semi-carbonized fuel of a biomass that does not require an external heat source and is capable of suppressing adhesion of tar, condensed water, or the like to a pipe. The device includes a drying device for heating and drying a biomass, a pyrolysis device for decomposing the dried biomass, and a combustion device for supplying heat to the drying device and the pyrolysis device. The pyrolysis device is supplied with a part of a combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion device, directly mixes the supplied combustion exhaust gas and the biomass to heat and pyrolytically decompose the biomass, and supplies a mixed gas of a generated pyrolysis gas and the combustion exhaust gas to the combustion device. The combustion device is supplied with an air for combustion, combust the supplied mixed gas, and generate the combustion exhaust gas. 1. A device for manufacturing a semi-carbonized fuel of a biomass comprising:a drying device configured to heat and dry a biomass;a pyrolysis device configured to pyrolytically decompose the biomass dried by the drying device; anda combustion device configured to supply heat to the drying device and the pyrolysis device for heating;wherein the pyrolysis device is configured to be supplied with a part of a combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion device, directly mix the supplied combustion exhaust gas and the biomass to heat and pyrolytically decompose the biomass, and supply a mixed gas of a generated pyrolysis gas and the combustion exhaust gas used for heating to the combustion device; andthe combustion device is configured to be supplied with an air for combustion, combust the supplied mixed gas, and generate the combustion exhaust gas.2. The device for manufacturing a semi-carbonized fuel of a biomass according to claim 1 ,wherein the drying device is supplied with a part of the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion device, directly mixes a part of ...

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Номер записи: 62
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Methods of Producing Coal and Fertilizers from Fermentation Residues

Номер: US20140033777A1
Автор: Heilmann Steven M., Jader Lindsey R., Schendel Frederick J., Valentas Kenneth J., Von Keitz Marc, Wood Brandon M.
Принадлежит:

The present invention concerns a process for producing synthetic coal and aqueous liquid plant fertilizing solution products from a fermentation residue such as is left over from the corn based process of producing ethanol. The synthetic coal has a high heat value commensurate with naturally occurring coals and is lower in ash and sulfur content and thus has value as a clean burning energy source. The aqueous fertilizer includes commercially useful amounts of phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen in solution. The process of the invention is also energy efficient in that the products produced thereby involve the use of substantially less energy as compared to the traditional methods of processing fermentation residues in the corn based ethanol production industry. 1. An energy efficient method for processing a fermentation residue into a synthetic coal and aqueous liquid solution products , the method and the synthetic coal and aqueous liquid solution products produced thereby , comprising:heating the fermentation residue in water to a temperature of less than 225 degrees centigrade for a period of time of less than four hours in a confined system, so that the energy used for the entire processing of the fermentation residue is less than 500 BTU's per pound of dry weight of the initial fermentation residue starting material for producing the synthetic coal and the aqueous liquid solution, separating the synthetic coal from the aqueous liquid solution, and the synthetic coal having a BTU content of at least 10,000 BTUs per pound of dry weight thereof.2. The method as defined in wherein the fermentation residue is that resulting from the dry-grind corn based production of ethanol.3. The method as defined in in which the aqueous liquid solution includes available quantities of potassium claim 2 , nitrogen and phosphorous in concentrations sufficient for use as a plant nutrient.4. The method as defined in wherein the fermentation residue is an aqueous suspension of whole ...

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Номер записи: 63
13-02-2014 дата публикации

HIGH CARBON SPENT POT LINING AND METHODS OF FUELING A FURNACE WITH THE SAME

Номер: US20140041560A1
Автор: Caron Francis, Drapeau Dany, Guay Denis
Принадлежит:

A method of creating and using a high-carbon spent pot lining (SPL) as a fuel, including delining the high-carbon spent pot lining from an electrolytic cell and combusting the SPL in a furnace. 1. A method of creating a high-carbon spent pot lining (SPL) fuel , comprising:delining a spent pot lining from an electrolytic cell; andpulverizing the spent pot lining to create a spent pot lining fuel,wherein the spent pot lining comprises at least 65% by weight carbon compounds content, based on a total weight of the spent pot lining, with the remainder comprising one or more of oxygen compounds, cyanide compounds, fluoride compounds, sodium compounds, aluminum compounds, and silicon compounds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the delining of the spent pot lining comprises:{'sup': 'st', 'removing a 1bath layer;'}removing a metal layer;{'sup': 'nd', 'removing a 2bath layer;'}cleaning a cathode block;breaking the cathode block;removing the cathode block; and{'b': '27', 'removing the side blocks (),'}wherein the spent pot lining consists essentially of the cathode block.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:combining the spent pot lining with an enriching compound to create an enriched SPL having at least 65% carbon content, based on a total weight of the enriched SPL,wherein pulverizing the spent pot lining to create a spent pot lining fuel comprises pulverizing the enriched SPL.4. A method of using the SPL fuel of as a furnace fuel claim 1 , comprising:feeding a fuel comprising the SPL fuel to a burner; andcombusting the fuel in the burner to generate a thermal energy and directing the thermal energy to a furnace.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the fuel further comprises a supplemental fuel claim 4 , and wherein the SPL fuel comprises between 50% and 80% of the fuel.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the fuel comprises no more than 50% supplemental fuel.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the SPL fuel is an enriched SPL.8. A method of using the SPL fuel of as a ...

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Номер записи: 64
20-03-2014 дата публикации

CORN STOVER FUEL OBJECTS WITH HIGH HEAT OUTPUT AND REDUCED EMISSIONS DESIGNED FOR LARGE-SCALE POWER GENERATION

Номер: US20140075832A1
Автор: Brake William A., Mennell James A., Oja Kenneth G.
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

A Novel fuel object comprised of a proportion of corn stover and a proportion of wood fiber combined with a basically reacting compound. The object comprises fiber of the appropriate size and moisture content combined with an inorganic base. An appropriately sized object is readily manufactured, provides high heat output, is consistent in fuel characteristics, and is sized and configured for use in power generation facilities. Based on fiber selection and processing, the fuel object may be used in a variety of current power generation technologies including stoker, fluidized bed, gasifier, cyclonic, direct-fired, and pulverized coal technologies, and results in significant reduction of air emissions (including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mercury) compared to coal with no loss of boiler or furnace efficiency. 1. A fuel object having maximum dimension of about 6 cm , a volume of about 10 to 100 cm , a moisture content of less than about 14 wt. % , the fuel object comprising:(i) about 60 to 80 wt. % of a particulate derived from corn stover having a particle size of about 100 to 35,000 microns;(ii) about 20 to 40 wt. % of a wood fiber having a particle size of about 100 to 30,000 microns; and(iii) about 1 to 10 wt. % of sodium bicarbonate; and{'sup': −1', '−1, '(iv) wherein the fuel object is substantially free of coal as a heat source and the fuel object provides at least 7,000 BTU-lb(3500 cal.-gm).'}2. The fuel object of wherein the fuel object comprises a cubic unit with a side dimension of 2 to 6 cm.3. A fuel source comprising a fuel object according to and a conventional fossil fuel.4. The fuel source of wherein the conventional fossil fuel comprises coal.5. A method of reducing emissions upon combustion of a conventional fossil fuel claim 1 , said method comprising co-firing a fuel object of with a conventional fossil fuel.6. The method of wherein HCl claim 5 , SOand NOemissions are reduced.7. The ...

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Номер записи: 65
20-03-2014 дата публикации

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

Номер: US20140075834A1
Автор: Daniel J. Despen, James A. Mennell
Принадлежит: BIOGENIC REAGENTS LLC

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

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Номер записи: 66
27-03-2014 дата публикации

SOLID FUEL

Номер: US20140082997A1
Автор: Kiyama Michihiro, YAMAMOTO Masayuki
Принадлежит: CREATIVE CO., LTD.

To provide a solid fuel which uses waste wood, used paper, a binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent in a balanced manner, has a stable calorific value, and suppresses the production of carbon dioxide. A solid fuel which is formed from a mixture of wood pieces having a size of 1 to 50 mm, paper pieces having a size of 1 to 50 mm, a binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent, wherein the mixture contains the wood pieces and the paper/natural fiber pieces in a total amount of 15 to 45 parts by weight and the binder, the form retaining agent and the caloric augmentation agent in a total amount of 55 to 85 parts by weight, has a weight ratio of the wood pieces to the paper pieces of 20:80 to 80:20, and is molded. 1. A solid fuel which is formed from a mixture of wood pieces having a size of 1 to 50 mm (component A) , paper pieces having a size of 1 to 50 mm (component B) , a binder (component C-1) , a form retaining agent (component C-2) and a caloric augmentation agent (component D) , wherein the total amount of the components A and B is 15 to 45 parts by weight and the total amount of the components C-1 , C-2 and D is 55 to 85 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture , the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 20:80 to 80:20 , and the mixture is compression molded.2. The solid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the total amount of the components C-1 and C-2 is 25 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture.3. The solid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the component D is 15 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture.4. The solid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the component C-1 to the component C-2 is 6:4 to 8:2.5. The solid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 25:75 to 75:25.6. The solid fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the binder (component C-1 ...

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Номер записи: 67
27-03-2014 дата публикации

Method And Apparatus For Pelletizing Blends Of Biomass Materials For Use As Fuel

Номер: US20140082998A1
Автор: Brock J. Donald, Swanson Malcolm L.
Принадлежит:

An assembly for processing green biomass materials from two separate feed sources for use as a fuel pellet includes a drying assembly, a torrefaction assembly and a heating assembly. The drying assembly is adapted to convert the green biomass material obtained from a first source to white biomass material. The torrefaction assembly is adapted to convert green biomass material obtained from a second source to torrefied biomass material. The heating assembly provides heat for both the drying assembly and the torrefaction assembly. 1. An assembly for processing green biomass materials from two separate feed sources for use as a fuel pellet , said assembly comprising:(A) a drying assembly for converting green biomass material from a first source to white biomass material;(B) a torrefaction assembly for converting green biomass material from a second source to torrefied biomass material; (1) a heat exchanger having a plurality of heat transfer coils therein containing a thermal fluid;', '(2) a burner for heating the thermal fluid in the heat transfer coils to a temperature within the range of 200° F. to 550° F., said burner also producing flue gases;', '(3) means for conveying heated thermal fluid from the heat exchanger to the drying assembly;', '(4) means for conveying heated thermal fluid from the heat exchanger to the torrefaction assembly., '(C) a heating assembly comprising2. The assembly of which includes:(A) a pellet press for pelletizing a blend of biomass materials processed in the drying assembly and biomass materials processed in the torrefaction assembly;(B) a VOC duct for conveying gases collected at or downstream from the pellet press to the combustion chamber.3. The assembly of :(A) which includes a predryer that is adapted to receive green biomass material from a feed source and remove moisture from and raise the temperature of the green biomass material to produce a pre-dried biomass material;(B) wherein the heating assembly includes an exhaust stack ...

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Номер записи: 68
27-03-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NEGATIVE CARBON FUEL

Номер: US20140088205A1
Автор: Cheiky Michael C., Sills Ronald A.
Принадлежит: Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc.

A method and process is described for producing negative carbon fuel. In its broadest form, a carbon-containing input is converted to combustible fuels, refinery feedstock, or chemicals and a carbonaceous solid concurrently in separate and substantially uncontaminated form. In an embodiment of the invention, biomass is converted via discrete increasing temperatures under pressure to blendable combustible fuels and a carbonaceous solid. The carbonaceous solid may be reacted to synthesis gas, sold as charcoal product, carbon credits, used for carbon offsets, or sequestered. 1. A method for making negative carbon fuel from a carbon-containing input , comprising:subjecting a carbon-containing input to a thermal process to obtain a volatile gas stream and an inert carbonaceous solid, wherein the volatile gas stream and the inert carbonaceous solid are formed as separate components in the process and wherein a portion of the carbon from the carbon-containing input is contained in the inert carbonaceous solid; andconverting the volatile gas stream to one or more of combustible fuels, refinery feedstock or chemicals.2. A method for making negative carbon fuel from a carbon-containing input , comprising:subjecting a carbon-containing input to a thermal process comprising one or more processing steps to obtain an inert carbonaceous solid and one or more combustible fuels, refinery feedstock or chemicals,wherein the one or more combustible fuels, refinery feedstock or chemicals and the inert carbonaceous solid are formed as separate components in the process, andwherein a portion of the carbon from the carbon containing input is contained in the inert carbonaceous solid.3. The method of or , wherein the carbon-containing input comprises biomass.4. The method of or , wherein the inert carbonaceous solid is suitable for storage in the ground.5. The method of or , wherein the inert carbonaceous solid is chemically inert and is not attacked by acids , bases , biological activity ...

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Номер записи: 69
10-04-2014 дата публикации

MITIGATION OF HARMFUL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS USING SORBENT CONTAINING ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCKS

Номер: US20140096441A1
Автор: BAI Dingrong, Calabrese Paula
Принадлежит: MPH Energy LLC

The invention relates to the use of engineered fuel feedstocks to control the emission of sulfur-based, chlorine-based, nitrogen-based, or mercury-based pollutants, such as SO, SO, HSO, NO, NO, HCl, and Hg that are generated during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal. Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feedstocks, feedstocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feedstocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feedstocks, and methods of generating electricity from the fuel feedstocks. 130.-. (canceled)31. A method of generating energy comprising co-firing in a reactor an engineered fuel feedstock , comprising at least two sorbents and at least two components derived from MSW , and at least one fossil fuel , wherein the emission of at least one pollutant is less than the emission of said pollutant when the fossil fuel is fired in the absence of the engineered fuel feedstock feed stock.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the engineered fuel feedstock and at least one fossil fuel are co-fired in a primary combustion zone of the reactor.33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the energy is electricity.34. The method of claim 31 , wherein the energy is steam.35. The method of claim 31 , wherein the fossil fuel is coal.36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the coal is selected from lignite claim 35 , sub-bituminous coal claim 35 , bituminous coal claim 35 , and anthracite coal claim 35 , and combinations thereof.37. The method of claim 31 , wherein the engineered fuel feedstock is in an amount of between about 10% to about 60% by energy.38. The method of claim 37 , wherein the engineered fuel feedstock is in an amount of between about 20% to about 40% by energy.39. The method of claim 31 , wherein the engineered fuel feedstock is in an amount of between about 5% to about 40% by weight.40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the engineered fuel feedstock is in an amount of between about 15% to about 40% by weight.41. The method of claim ...

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Номер записи: 70
06-01-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION AND WET OXIDATION OF SLUDGE

Номер: US20220002176A1
Автор: Lundqvist Fredrik, Odén Erik, Ohman Fredrik
Принадлежит:

There is provided a method of hydrothermal carbonization of a sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, comprising the steps of: preheating the sludge with at least one first steam fraction to obtain a preheated sludge; further heating the preheated sludge with a second steam fraction to obtain a heated sludge; subjecting the heated sludge to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a reactor to obtain a HTC-treated slurry; mixing the HTC-treated slurry with an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen gas, to obtain a wet-oxidized slurry; subjecting the wet-oxidized slurry to flashing to obtain the second steam fraction and a pre-cooled slurry; subjecting the pre-cooled slurry to flashing in at least one step to obtain the at least one first steam fraction and a cooled slurry; separating the cooled slurry into a liquid fraction and a solids fraction; and routing the liquid fraction to the wastewater treatment plant for further treatment, wherein the second steam fraction is used for heating preheated sludge to the temperature of the HTC reaction. A corresponding system is also provided. 1. A method of hydrothermal carbonization of a sludge from a wastewater treatment plant , comprising the steps of:preheating the sludge with at least one first steam fraction to obtain a preheated sludge;further heating the preheated sludge with a second steam fraction to obtain a heated sludge;subjecting the heated sludge to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a reactor to obtain a HTC-treated slurry;mixing the HTC-treated slurry with an oxidizing agent to obtain a wet-oxidized slurry;subjecting the wet-oxidized slurry to flashing to obtain the second steam fraction and a pre-cooled slurry;subjecting the pre-cooled slurry to flashing in at least one step to obtain the at least one first steam fraction and a cooled slurry;separating the cooled slurry into a liquid fraction and a solids fraction; androuting the liquid fraction to the wastewater treatment plant for further treatment,wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 71
07-01-2016 дата публикации

System and method for converting food waste into fuel

Номер: US20160002549A1
Автор: Eun Ju Kim, Tae Hyung Kim
Принадлежит: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology KICT

A system for converting food waste into fuel includes at least one thermal decomposition reactor. The at least one thermal decomposition reactor is configured to transfer an organic waste, that is, food waste, through a region on which a sunlight is concentrated by at least one solar concentrator. A fermenter is disposed at a front end of the at least one thermal decomposition reactor, and any thermal energy remaining after being used in the at least one thermal decomposition reactor is additionally used in fermentation of the food waste. A method of converting food waste into fuel is also provided.

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Номер записи: 72
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Carbonaceous Fines Beneficiation Using Micro-Algae and Related Processes

Номер: US20160002553A1
Автор: Bernard Zeelie, Gary Morris Dugmore
Принадлежит: NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY

A method is provided for the treatment of water containing micro-algae wherein the water is contacted with carbonaceous fines to adsorb micro-algae onto particles of the carbonaceous fines. The carbonaceous fines may be coal or charcoal fines or mixtures thereof. The carbonaceous fines may be pre-treated to remove any unsuitable or valuable materials therefrom; or to produce suitable size ranges of particles for one or more purposes selected from facilitating adsorption; handling of the carbonaceous fines both before and after adsorption of the micro-algae; and separation of the carbonaceous fines with adsorbed micro-algae thereon. The method may target the beneficiation of carbonaceous fines and the carbonaceous fines together with the adsorbed microalgae thereon may be subjected to an agglomeration process for the production of agglomerates such as briquettes or pellets. The method may target the upgrading of a polluted water system in a commercial water treatment process.

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Номер записи: 73
07-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF FORMING DENSIFIED BIOMASS

Номер: US20160002554A1
Автор: TUMULURU JAYA SHANKAR
Принадлежит:

A method includes densifying a biomass feedstock having a moisture content of at least about 30% by weight and drying the biomass feedstock to form a densified biomass having a moisture content of less than about 10% by weight. Some methods include comminuting a biomass feedstock, pressing the biomass feedstock to form a plurality of pellets, heating the plurality of pellets to remove water therefrom, and cooling the plurality of dried pellets. The plurality of pellets exhibits a moisture content of at least about 20% by weight after pressing. The plurality of dried pellets exhibits a moisture content of less than about 10% by weight. A system for forming densified biomass may include a preheater, a press, and a dryer. 1. A method of forming densified biomass , comprising:densifying a biomass feedstock having a moisture content of at least about 30% by weight to form a first densified biomass; anddrying the first densified biomass to form a second densified biomass having a moisture content of less than about 10% by weight.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comminuting the biomass feedstock before densifying.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding water or steam to the biomass feedstock to cause the biomass feedstock to exhibit a moisture content of at least about 30% by weight before densifying.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising preheating the biomass feedstock before densifying.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein preheating the biomass feedstock comprises heating the biomass feedstock without substantially reducing the moisture content thereof.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein preheating the biomass feedstock before densifying comprises maintaining a mean temperature of the biomass feedstock within a range from about 70° C. to about 110° C. for a time period of less than 5 minutes.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein preheating the biomass feedstock before densifying comprises heating the biomass feedstock without causing ...

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Номер записи: 74
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Preparing Fuel From Biomass

Номер: US20160002555A1
Автор: Rune Brusletto, Wolfgang Plückhahn
Принадлежит: Arbaflame Technology As

Method and apparatus for preparation of fuel from biomass wherein the biomass is subjected to a heat treatment in a temperature range from 150 to 300 C, in a reactor pressurized with steam and air, wherein the pressure at completed treatment is released. The volume increase of steam and other gases from the pressure release is temporarily accumulated in a container of a flexible volume while steam and other gases are subjected to heat exchange in at least one heat exchanger so that condensable gases are condensed and release their heat of condensation in the at least one heat exchanger.

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Номер записи: 75
07-01-2016 дата публикации

HIGH SULFUR FUEL PELLET WITH REDUCED SO2 EMISSION

Номер: US20160002556A1
Автор: Blackmon Donald Ray, Byrd, SR. Gerald Joseph
Принадлежит:

The present description relates to a method and system for generating a fuel from high sulfur fuel waste materials having a reduced SO2 emission. In one example, the fuel may include petroleum coke, a biomass constituent, and an alkali substituent. Further in another example, the fuel may include iron oxide catalyst increasing the capture of SO2. 1. A fuel comprising:petroleum coke, having a sulfur content up to 5.5%;a biomass constituent;an alkali constituent adapted to capture SO2 emissions by reacting with sulfur of the petroleum coke upon burn of the fuel; and 'wherein the petroleum coke, the biomass constituent, the alkali constituent, and the iron oxide catalyst are combined to form a fuel with decreased SO2 emissions at temperatures at or above 750 C.', 'an iron oxide catalyst reducing SO2 emissions to less than 10 percent;'}2. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is in the form of one or more of a briquette claim 1 , powder claim 1 , bead claim 1 , and various agglomerates.3. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the alkali constituent is one of limestone claim 1 , lime or sodium base alkali.4. The fuel of claim 3 , wherein the alkali constituent comprising lime is slaked.5. The fuel of claim 1 , further comprising one or more surfactants incorporated in the alkali constituent.6. The fuel of wherein the biomass constituent is wood waste.7. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the biomass constituent includes a volatile to increase combustibility of the petroleum coke.8. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the alkali constituent is processed to increase surface area of the alkali constituent claim 1 , wherein processing includes grinding the alkali constituent claim 1 , and wherein the increased surface area captures an increased amount of SO2.9. A fuel comprising:petroleum coke, having a sulfur content up to 5.5%;a biomass constituent to provide volatiles;an SO2 sorbent to capture SO2 emissions upon burn of the fuel; and{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'claim-text': {'sub': 2', '3, ' ...

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Номер записи: 76
05-01-2017 дата публикации

CHARCOAL BRIQUET HAVING A GROOVED SURFACE

Номер: US20170002282A1
Автор: Burke Kelly M., Chow Katie K., Curtiss Stevan R., JR. Robert, Melin Scott, MILLER, Swatling Donald K.
Принадлежит:

A generally pillow-shaped charcoal briquet having a convex upper surface and a convex lower surface, wherein at least one of these surfaces contain an enhanced surface feature comprising one or more grooves. When two or more grooves are located on one or both convex surfaces, the grooves are generally parallel to each other and to two opposing sides of the briquet, and generally perpendicular to two opposing sides of the briquet. The briquets have improved ignition characteristics and enhanced burn phase properties. 1. A pillow-shaped charcoal briquet comprising:at least one groove formed in at least one surface thereof; andwherein a depth of the at least one groove varies as a function of distance from an external periphery of the briquet.2. The briquet of claim 1 , further comprising an upper surface and a lower surface claim 1 , and said at least one groove comprises a plurality of substantially parallel grooves extending across a majority of said upper surface.3. The briquet of claim 1 , further comprising an upper surface and lower surface claim 1 , and said at least one groove comprises a plurality of grooves disposed across said upper surface and lower surface claim 1 , said plurality of grooves aiding combustion by providing air circulation around said briquet claim 1 , and between said briquet and at least another said briquet within a pile of briquets.4. The briquet of claim 1 , further comprising an upper surface and a lower surface claim 1 , and said at least one groove comprises at least two grooves disposed on at least one of said upper surface and said lower surface claim 1 , said at least two grooves extending substantially from one side of a periphery of said briquet to an opposing side of said periphery for aiding combustion by providing air circulation around and along at least a portion of said periphery and between said briquet and at least another said briquette within a pile of briquets.5. The briquet of claim 1 , further comprising an upper ...

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Номер записи: 77
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Номер: US20180002607A1
Автор: Anders Jensen, Anker Degn Jensen, Joachim Bachmann Nielsen
Принадлежит: Danish Technical University, KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin-rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre-solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

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Номер записи: 78
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Process of Making Biochar From Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20180002622A1
Автор: Catto Michael L, Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M
Принадлежит:

A process for making a biochar composition by passing renewable organic-carbon-containing feedstock through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content followed by introducing beneficiated feedstock into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A process of making processed biochar comprising:passing renewable unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that includes free water, intercellular water, intracellular water, intracellular water-soluble salts, and at least some plant cells comprising cell walls that include lignin, hemicellulose, and microfibrils within fibrils through a beneficiation sub-system to produce processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock having a water content of less than 20 wt % and a salt content that is reduced by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock; andpassing the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock an oxygen-deprived thermal sub-system process to produce processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beneficiation sub-system process comprises:exposing the unprocessed feedstock to hot solvent under pressure for a time at conditions specific to the feedstock to make some regions of the cell walls comprising crystallized cellulosic fibrils, lignin, and hemicellulose more able to be penetrable by water-soluble salts without dissolving more than 25 percent of the lignin and hemicellulose;removing the pressure so as to penetrate the more ...

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Номер записи: 79
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Solid fuel composition formed from mixed solid waste

Номер: US20180002624A1
Автор: Bjornulf WHITE
Принадлежит: Ecogensus LLC

Systems and methods of producing a solid fuel composition are disclosed. In particular, systems and methods for producing a solid fuel composition by heating and mixing a solid waste mixture to a maximum temperature sufficient to melt the mixed plastics within the solid waste mixture is disclosed.

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Номер записи: 80
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Process for and processor of natural gas and activated carbon together with blower

Номер: US20180002625A1
Автор: Aaron Sherman
Принадлежит:

A method of and device for processing carbonacious material into gas and activated carbon together with blower. 1. A method of processing carbonacious material into volatiles and activated carbon , comprising the steps of:placing feedstock onto a fluidized bed;directing superheated non-oxygenated gas through the fluidized bed;adjusting a velocity of the superheated gas such that the gas is slow enough to leave the feedstock on the fluidized bed and fast enough to remove activated carbon and volatiles;allowing cleaning of the volatiles using the activated carbon to form clean volatiles and activated carbon;separating the volatiles and the activated carbon;recycling a portion of the volatiles back to the fluidized bed;collecting a non-recycled portion of the volatiles; andcollecting the activated carbon.2. The method of wherein the feedstock comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of: coal claim 1 , municipal solid waste claim 1 , sewage claim 1 , wood waste claim 1 , biomass claim 1 , paper claim 1 , plastics claim 1 , hazardous waste claim 1 , tar claim 1 , pitch claim 1 , activated sludge claim 1 , rubber tires and oil-based residue.3. The method of wherein the superheated gas is heated to a temperature between 1000 degrees F. and 1500 degrees F.4. The method of wherein the superheated gas is heated to a temperature between 1000 degrees F. and 1200 degrees F.5. The method of wherein the superheated gas is natural gas.6. The method of wherein the natural gas is clean natural gas.7. The method of wherein the clean natural gas is recycled.8. The method of wherein the natural gas is medium BTU natural gas.9. The method of further comprising the step of vaporizing the volatiles sufficiently fast to activate the carbon.10. The method of further comprising the step of:floating the feedstock in the superheated gas.11. The method of further comprising the step of:co-mingling the activated carbon and volatiles.12. The method of further comprising the ...

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Номер записи: 81
02-01-2020 дата публикации

ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY FUEL

Номер: US20200002635A1
Автор: CHEN Yi-Yi, CHEN Yu-Wei
Принадлежит:

An environmental-friendly fuel is provided which comprises 65 wt % to 95 wt % of a plurality of fine granules of recycled material mixed with 5 wt % to 35 wt % of a halogen-free flame retardant. The plurality of fine granules of recycled material are pulverized from waste polyurethane foamed material recovered from discarded objects. 1. An environmental-friendly fuel , comprising a mixture formed by 65 wt % to 95 wt % of a plurality of fine granules of pulverized waste polyurethane foamed thermoplastic material recovered from discarded objects mixed with 5 wt % to 35 wt % of a halogen-free flame retardant , the mixture being molded to form a refuse derived environmental-friendly fuel.2. The environmental-friendly fuel as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixture is molded into the refuse derived solid environmental-friendly fuel by heating the mixture claim 1 , compressing the heated mixture and injection molding.3. An environmental-friendly fuel claim 1 , comprising a mixture formed by 59 wt % to 93 wt % of a plurality of fine granules of pulverized waste polyurethane foamed thermoplastic material recovered from discarded objects claim 1 , 5 wt % to 35 wt % of a halogen-free flame retardant and 2 wt % to 6 wt % of an adhesion agent claim 1 , the mixture being molded to form a refuse derived environmental-friendly fuel.4. The environmental-friendly refuse derived fuel as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the adhesion agent is an aqueous based resin. The present invention relates to an environmental-friendly fuel formed from recycled material and in particular, converts a waste foamed material into an environmental-friendly fuel so as to achieve economic benefits.Scrapped appliances containing refrigerant such as discarded refrigerators, refrigerated cabinets, air conditioners, and scrapped cars and motorcycles, have been classified as waste that should be recycled, but foamed materials are not listed as mandatory recycling items. Polyurethane (PU) material is widely used ...

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Номер записи: 82
07-01-2021 дата публикации

FIRE PIT FUEL PACK

Номер: US20210002571A1
Автор: Harmeling Andrew Alan, Zeitler Lucas Henry
Принадлежит:

An outer wrapper has an outer layer and liner and arranged to form an interior volume. A quantity of fuel pellets is contained within the interior volume and faced by the liner. When ignited the outer wrapper burns away while igniting the quantity of fuel pellets. 1. A fuel pack for a solid fuel fire comprising:a quantity of fuel pellets; andan outer wrapper at least partially containing the fuel pellets;wherein the outer wrapper is ignitable to instigate combustion of the fuel pack such that substantially all of the quantity of fuel pellets and all of the outer wrapper burn in a controlled manner.2. The fuel pack of claim 1 , wherein the fuel pellets comprise a hardwood with an accelerant.3. The fuel pack of claim 2 , wherein the accelerant comprises a hydrotreated light distillate.4. The fuel pack of claim 3 , wherein the quantity of fuel pellets has a bulk density between about 40-46 lbs/ft3.5. The fuel pack of claim 4 , wherein the quantity of fuel pellets has a moisture content of less than about 8.0%.6. The fuel pack of claim 5 , wherein the quantity of fuel pellets has an ash content of less than about 1%.7. The fuel pack of any of claim 1 , wherein the outer wrapper comprises an outer paper layer backed by a polymer liner.8. The fuel pack of any of claims 7 , wherein the polymer liner comprises a coextruded polyethylene-Nylon-polyethylene material.9. The fuel pack of claim 8 , wherein the outer paper layer comprises a Kraft paper having a weight from 25 to 50 pounds.10. A fuel pack comprising:an outer wrapper having an outer layer and liner and arranged to form an interior volume;a quantity of fuel pellets contained within the interior volume and faced by the liner; andan accelerant applied to the quantity of fuel pellets;wherein the outer wrapper, by exposure to flame, exposes the quantity of fuel pellets for ignition.11. The fuel pack of claim 10 , wherein the fuel pellets comprise pelletized hardwood.12. The fuel pack of claim 11 , wherein the accelerant ...

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Номер записи: 83
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Pulping Liquors and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20200002888A1
Автор: Downie Robert, Humphreys Leonard James, Rowlands William, Watson Paul
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and pulping liquor;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture;wherein the reaction mixture and product mixture move in continuous flow through reactor vessel during said treating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of:(i) lignite feedstock;(ii) lignocellulosic feedstock; or(iii) a mixture of lignocellulosic and lignite feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of lignocellulosic feedstock.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulping liquor is black pulping liquor (black liquor).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the black liquor comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '3, '(i) between about 4 wt % and 10 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH), between about 10 wt % and 30 wt % sodium sulfide (NaS), between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt % sodium carbonate (NaCO), between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt % sodium sulfite (NaSO), between about 8 wt % and about 20 wt % sodium sulfate (NaSO), between about 10 wt % and about 25 wt % sodium thiosulfate (NaSO), and between about 10 wt % and about 90 wt % organic solids or between about 30% and about 70% organic solids; or'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', ...

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Номер записи: 84
01-01-2015 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS PELLETS AND SUGARS

Номер: US20150004654A1
Автор: PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

In this disclosure, a process for producing biomass pellets and sugars from cellulosic biomass is provided, comprising: extracting the feedstock with steam and/or hot water and optionally with an acid catalyst, to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and lignin; separating the cellulose-rich solids from the extract liquor; filtering the extract liquor to remove at least some of the lignin, thereby generating a filter permeate comprising cleaned extract liquor containing the hemicellulosic oligomers and a filter retentate comprising a lignin-rich stream; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers in the cleaned extract liquor with an acid or enzymes, to generate hemicellulosic monomers which are recovered; and pelletizing the cellulose-rich solids to form biomass pellets, wherein the pelletizing utilizes at least some of the lignin-rich stream as a binder or binder component. 1. A process for producing biomass pellets and sugars from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) extracting said feedstock with steam and/or hot water under effective extraction conditions and optionally with an acid catalyst, to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and lignin;(c) separating said cellulose-rich solids from said extract liquor;(d) filtering said extract liquor to remove at least some of said lignin, thereby generating a filter permeate comprising cleaned extract liquor containing said hemicellulosic oligomers and a filter retentate comprising a lignin-rich stream;(e) hydrolyzing said hemicellulosic oligomers in said cleaned extract liquor with an acid or enzymes, to generate hemicellulosic monomers;(f) recovering said hemicellulosic monomers; and(g) pelletizing said cellulose-rich solids to form biomass pellets, wherein said pelletizing utilizes at least some of said lignin-rich stream from step (d) as a binder or ...

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Номер записи: 85
13-01-2022 дата публикации

Method for utilizing biomasses

Номер: US20220010390A1
Автор: Nicol Anna, Toivanen Janne
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to utilization of bio-based materials. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for utilization of grain based raw materials, wherein the method also comprises a versatile use of the side streams or by-products of the process. The method produces a wet fiber cake for combustion, wherein said wet fiber cake provides excellent burn values, low emission values and low amount of residual ash. 1. A method for utilizing oat hulls , comprising the steps of:hydrolysing the oat hulls to obtain a hydrolysate;separating the hydrolysate to a liquid fraction and to a solid fraction;washing and optionally pressing the solid fraction to obtain a wet fiber cake having a DS (dry solids) content of 40 to 90%;recovering the liquid fraction to obtain a carbohydrate-containing liquid fraction;recovering the wet fiber cake; andutilizing the wet fiber cake as an energy source by combustion.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake has a DS content of 50-70%.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis is carried out by employing acid hydrolysis claim 1 , followed by pH adjustment with a base.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is washed with water before the recovering the wet fiber cake.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake contains at least 20% less salts than the oat hull starting material claim 1 , on a dry matter basis.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is essentially hemicellulose-free.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed with dry fractions of dry hulls or dry fine solids of grains before combustion.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed with said dry fractions to obtain a mixture of the wet fiber cake and the dry fractions claim 7 , wherein the mixture has a DS content of 50-85%.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed ...

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Номер записи: 86
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Postharvest production and enhancement of resveratrol and piceatannol in sugarcane

Номер: US20150005533A1
Автор: Bhatnagar Deepak, BOUE Stephen M., BUROW Matthew E.
Принадлежит: THE ADMINISTRATORS OF THE TULANE EDCATIONAL FUND

It has been discovered that irradiating the cut side of sugarcane billets, preferably 2-50 mm, with UVB or UVC light or combinations thereof initiates stilbene production, particularly resveratrol and piceatannol. In an embodiment the cut sides of sugarcane billets of a predetermined thickness are irradiated with Ultraviolet-C or Ultraviolet-B light or combinations thereof at an intensity and for a duration of time sufficient to produce a significant increase in a level of one or more stilbenes in the irradiated billets compared to a level of stilbenes in billets that are not irradiated; and the the irradiated sugarcane billets are maintained for at least about three days up to about 20 days, to optimize stilbene levels. 1. A method , comprisinga) providing sugarcane billets of a predetermined thickness;b) irradiating the cut side of sugarcane billets with Ultraviolet-C or Ultraviolet-B light or combinations thereof at an intensity and for a duration of time sufficient to produce a significant increase in a level of one or more stilbenes in the irradiated billets compared to a level of stilbenes in billets that are not irradiated;c) maintaining the irradiated sugarcane billets for at least about three days up to about 20 days; andd) selecting the irradiated sugarcane billets.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the irradiated sugarcane billets are maintained in step (c) at a level of light that does not cause stilbene isomerization.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugarcane billets range from about 2 mm to about 50 mm in thickness.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intensity of UVB light ranges from about 10 mW/cm2 to about 50 W/cm2.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intensity of UVC light ranges from about 1 mW/cm2 to about 25 mW/cm2.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the duration of irradiation ranges from about 10 minutes to about 3 hours.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stilbene is resveratrol.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stilbene is ...

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Номер записи: 87
08-01-2015 дата публикации

SOLID FUEL IN THE FORM OF A POWDER, INCLUDING A LIGNOCELLULOSIC COMPONENT

Номер: US20150007492A1
Автор: Piriou Bruno, Rouau Xavier, Vaitilingom Gilles
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a solid fuel in the form of a powder, including at least one lignocellulosic component in the form of a powder. The present invention also relates to the method for preparing said lignocellulosic component in the form of a powder, as well as to the use thereof in the production of a solid fuel intended for an internal combustion engine or a burner. The invention further relates to a method for generating energy using the solid fuel according to the invention. 1. A solid fuel , in the form of a powder , characterized in that it comprises at least one lignocellulose constituent in the form of a powder (P):{'sub': '50', 'the mean diameter and the median diameter (d) of the particles are between 10 and 30 μm, inclusive, and'}the moisture content of the particles is less than or equal to 5% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the powder (P).2. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that more than 70% by weight claim 1 , of the powder (P) consists of particles having a mean diameter and a median diameter of between 10 and 30 μm claim 1 , inclusive.3. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the lignocellulose constituent in the form of a powder (P) produces claim 1 , after combustion claim 1 , at most 10% by weight of ash claim 1 , inclusive claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the powder (P).4. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the lignocellulose constituent in the form of a powder (P) comprises claim 1 , after combustion claim 1 , at most 3% by weight of alumina claim 1 , with respect to the initial total weight of the powder (P).5. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the lignocellulose constituent in the form of a powder (P) comprises claim 1 , after combustion claim 1 , at most 3% by weight of silica claim 1 , with respect to the initial total weight of the powder (P).6. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the lignocellulose ...

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Номер записи: 88
12-01-2017 дата публикации

METHODS FOR REDUCING GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL MANURE

Номер: US20170008790A1
Автор: Hackett Harry P., Nicholson John Patrick, Nicholson Timothy Joseph
Принадлежит:

Greenhouse gases are lowered in treatment of animal manure from a CAFO by eliminating or reducing anaerobic digestion. The manure product is admixed with drying agents and is suitable for use as fertilizer or fuel while severely curtailing odor at the same time. 1. A method of decreasing emission of CO-equivalent greenhouse gases in a CAFO operation , comprising:substantially reducing anaerobic digestion of organic waste solids contained in a liquid from a CAFO and preserving organic nitrogen in the liquid in an anaerobic lagoon by increasing the pH of the liquid to above 9.0 or decreasing the pH of the liquid to below 5.5;concentrating undigested organic waste solids by dewatering; andneutralizing the concentrated undigested organic waste solids in a mixer, optionally with an addition of a drying agent, wherein the heat of the neutralization reaction and energy input of the mixer result in the formation of a dry admixture.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic waste solids are contained in a sluice liquid containing manure and water claim 1 , and the step of increasing the pH or lowering the pH of the anaerobic lagoon occurs prior to entry of the sluice liquid into the anaerobic lagoon.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH is adjusted by addition of HCl claim 1 , HSO claim 1 , waste pickle liquor claim 1 , gypsum claim 1 , limestone claim 1 , lime claim 1 , lime kiln dust claim 1 , cement kiln dust claim 1 , coal or wood combustion ash claim 1 , potash claim 1 , or soda ash.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising capturing ammonia liberated during the addition of a drying agent to the organic waste solids.5. A method of preventing anaerobic decomposition of organic nitrogen of manure in an anaerobic lagoon claim 1 , the method comprising:adding an alkaline or acid component to a concentrated manure slurry prior to the slurry's entrance to the lagoon such that anaerobic biological decomposition of the organic nitrogen of the manure while in the ...

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Номер записи: 89
12-01-2017 дата публикации

Method for making biomass pellets

Номер: US20170009167A1
Автор: J.D. Dowell, Kurt Herman, Steve A. Flick
Принадлежит: SHOW ME ENERGY

The present invention is directed to a process for forming biomass pellets using biomass feedstock having predetermined characteristics to form biomass pellets having desired characteristics. The process can utilize feedstock derived from a variety of biomass feedstock sources, including wood, agricultural crops, energy crops and weeds, alone or in combination.

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Номер записи: 90
14-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCKS FROM WASTE MATERIAL

Номер: US20160010012A1
Автор: BAI Dingrong
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods for producing engineered fuels from solid waste material are described herein. In some embodiments, a method includes receiving a waste stream at a multi-material processing platform and separating the waste stream to remove non-processable waste and marketable recyclables. The method further includes conveying processable materials to a material classification system and incorporating additives to produce an engineered fuel from the constituents of the waste stream. 1. A method of producing an engineered fuel feed stock from a processed MSW waste stream , the method comprising:combining a first waste stream and an additive;compressing the first waste stream and the additive to form a densified intermediate material;grinding the intermediate material;mixing the ground intermediate material with a second waste stream; andcompressing the intermediate material and the second waste stream to form an engineered fuel feed stock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first waste stream includes hard plastic.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first waste stream contains less than about 40 wt. % soft plastic.47.-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first waste stream contains less than about 20 wt. % fiber.9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first waste stream contains less than about 20 wt. % soft plastic and fiber in combination.1216.-. (canceled)17. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first waste stream is substantially free from glass claim 2 , metals claim 2 , grit claim 2 , and noncombustibles.1822.-. (canceled)23. The method of claim 2 , wherein the densified intermediate material hasa plastic content of between about 10 wt. % and about 50 wt. %; andan additive content of between about 90 wt. % and about 50 wt. %.24. (canceled)25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive is a chemical additive.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the chemical additive is a sorbent.27. The method of claim 26 , ...

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Номер записи: 91
14-01-2016 дата публикации

ROTARY TORREFACTION REACTOR

Номер: US20160010013A1
Автор: Bennett Albert, Thorn Matt, Vander Griend Samuel
Принадлежит:

A device includes a rotary drum and a fluid conduit. The rotary drum has a horizontal rotation axis and the drum has a sealed inlet end and a sealed outlet end. The drum is configured to receive biomass proximate the inlet end and has a discharge port proximate an outlet end. The fluid conduit is disposed along an inner surface of the drum. The fluid conduit is configured to carry heated fluid and has a coupling external to the drum. 1. A method comprising:introducing biomass into an interior of a rotary drum, the rotary drum having a horizontal axis;passing thermal fluid in a conduit disposed on an interior of the drum, the conduit configured to heat the biomass to form torrefied biomass;rotating the rotary drum about the horizontal axis; anddischarging the torrefied biomass from an outlet port of the drum.2. The method of wherein introducing includes supplying through an airlock.3. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping oil.4. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping fluid at a rate in the range of from approximately 100 to 2000 gallons per minute.5. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping fluid having a temperature of approximately 350 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit.6. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping fluid having a temperature of approximately 600 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The method of wherein discharging includes dropping through an aperture on a wall of the drum.8. A system comprising:a drum having an inlet end and a discharge end aligned on a horizontal axis, the drum having a structure disposed on an interior of the drum for carrying a plurality of fluid lines, the fluid lines coupled to a rotary joint at the discharge end, the drum having an outlet proximate the discharge end;a material supply unit coupled to the inlet end and configured to provide biomass to the drum;a source for thermal fluid coupled to the rotary joint;a driver configured to rotate the drum about the ...

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Номер записи: 92
14-01-2016 дата публикации

COATED CHARCOAL

Номер: US20160010014A1
Автор: Doan Nicole, Oldham Aryn B., Shetty Abhishek
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is the use of coatings on charcoal heating materials, such as charcoal briquets, to enhance burn properties. It has been discovered that if one half of a pile of charcoal briquets is dosed with lighter fluid and the other half remains undosed, the entire pile of briquets will light and burn. Thus, the amount of lighter fluid necessary to light a pile of charcoal briquets can be reduced by fifty percent. However, over time (2 to 3 months), the lighter fluid migrates from the dosed briquets to the undosed briquets. Therefore, it has been found that by coating the undosed briquets with a material that prevents the lighter fluid from migrating onto them, solvent migration is reduced and/or eliminated. The coated briquets light a little later than the uncoated briquets resulting in an extension of the cooking phase. 1. A charcoal heating system for use as a cooking fuel , which ignites easily and quickly , said charcoal heating system comprising:a plurality of dosed charcoal heating materials dosed with between about 12% to about 18% lighter fluid; anda plurality of coated charcoal heating materials substantially free of lighter fluid having a coating that substantially prevents the transfer of lighter fluid from dosed charcoal heating materials to coated charcoal heating materials; andwherein the ratio of dosed charcoal heating materials to coated charcoal heating materials is between 1:1 and 9:1.2. The charcoal heating system recited in claim 1 , wherein the dosed charcoal heating material and the coated charcoal heating material are in the form of charcoal briquets claim 1 , lump charcoal or mixtures thereof.3. The charcoal heating system recited in claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises a coating agent claim 1 , a thickener or mixtures thereof.4. The charcoal heating system recited in claim 3 , wherein the coating agent is selected from the group consisting of corn syrup claim 3 , glycerin claim 3 , non-glycerin polyols claim 3 , starch and mixtures ...

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Номер записи: 93
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Processed Biochar Pellets from Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containng Feedstock

Номер: US20160010015A1
Автор: Catto Michael L., Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M.
Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A renewable processed biochar pellet composition made with a pelletizing sub-system followed with a heating sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into a pelletizing sub-system and then into a heating sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar pellets having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT), a water content of less than 10 wt %, and an intracellular water-soluble salt content that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biochar pellet composition that comprises a processed biochar made from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock and having characteristics that include an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT), a water content of less than 10 wt %, and an intracellular water-soluble salt content in the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that was the source of the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock, andthe processed biochar pellet is made from unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is converted into a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with a beneficiation sub-system, into the processed biochar with a heating sub-system, and into the processed biomass pellet with a pelletizing sub-system.2. The composition of wherein the beneficiation sub-system claim 1 , comprises:a. a transmission device configured to convey into a reaction ...

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Номер записи: 94
14-01-2016 дата публикации

High Energy Aggregates of Coal Fines and Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20160010016A1
Автор: Carleton Drew Tait, Douglas M Van Thorre, Michael L Catto, Philip James Scalzo
Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A high energy processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate composition made with a blending sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system and high energy coal is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is blended with sized high energy coal in a blending sub-system to form a blended aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of a coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and at least 10 wt % of a processed biomass comprising a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT) and a water-soluble intracellular salt content that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.

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Номер записи: 95
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Aggregates of Cleaned High Energy Coal Fines and Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20160010017A1
Автор: Catto Michael L., Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M.
Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate composition made with a blending sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system and high energy coal is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to produce a processed biomass with an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT), a water content of below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt that is at least 60% below that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. High energy un-cleaned coal is sized and passed through a coal cleaning sub-system to result in cleaned high energy coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and a content of sulfur that is at least 50 wt % less than that of the content of sulfur in the coal before it passed through the coal cleaning sub-system. The processed feedstock is sized and blended with the cleaned high energy coal in a blending sub-system to form a blended aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of the cleaned high energy coal and at least 10 wt % of the processed biomass. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of a coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and a content of sulfur that is at least 50 wt % less than that of the content of sulfur in the coal before it passed through a coal cleaning sub-system, and at least 10 wt % of a processed biomass comprising a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT) and a water-soluble intracellular salt content that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that was the source of the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock,the processed biomass/coal blended compact ...

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Номер записи: 96
14-01-2021 дата публикации

ORGANIC SLUDGE TREATMENT DEVICE AND TREATMENT METHOD

Номер: US20210009455A1
Автор: IZUMI Kazushi, KAMADA Kouji, Kimura Takayuki, Ueno Naoki, Yamamoto Yasushi
Принадлежит:

To treat organic sludge while keeping facility costs, cement production efficiency, and a reduction in clinker production amount to a minimum. An organic sludge treatment device includes: a fractionation device that fractionates a preheated raw material R from a preheater cyclone C excluding a bottommost cyclone of a cement burning device a mixing device that mixes an organic sludge S with the fractionated preheated raw material, and that dries the organic sludge using sensible heat of the preheated raw material; and a supply device (mixture chute double-flap damper shut damper ) that supplies a mixture M from the mixing device to a calciner furnace of the cement burning device or to a duct disposed between a kiln inlet portion of a cement kiln and the calciner furnace. The treatment device may be provided with an introduction device for introducing an exhaust gas G including dust, odor and water vapor from the mixing device to a gas outlet of a bottommost cyclone A of the cement burning device. 2. The organic sludge treatment device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising an introduction device for introducing an exhaust gas including dust claim 1 , odor and water vapor from the mixing device to a gas outlet of a bottommost cyclone of the cement burning device.3. The organic sludge treatment device as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising a cyclone dust collector to which the exhaust gas including dust claim 2 , odor and water vapor is introduced from the mixing device claim 2 , and which recovers coarse powder and returns the recovered coarse powder to the mixing device and discharges an exhaust gas including fine powder claim 2 , odor and water vapor to the introduction device.4. The organic sludge treatment device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a urea supply device for supplying particulate urea to the mixing device.5. The organic sludge treatment device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein temperature of a mixture from an outlet of the mixing device ...

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Номер записи: 97
11-01-2018 дата публикации

Mobile charcoal/biochar production and pelletizer system and method thereof

Номер: US20180010043A1
Автор: Deborah Page-Dumroese, James Geronimo Archuleta, JR.
Принадлежит: US Department of Agriculture USDA

Embodiments of the invention provide a portable charcoal system and method of operating thereof, wherein the portable charcoal system comprises a first compartment adapted to burn a material, a second compartment connected to the first compartment and adapted to receive the material from the first compartment, and a third compartment adapted to receive the material from the second compartment, the third compartment comprising an auger adapted to move the material from a back end to a front end, and out of the third compartment. The portable charcoal system further includes a source of air.

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Номер записи: 98
14-01-2021 дата публикации

Novel applications of pulsed electric field and e-beam technology

Номер: US20210009914A1
Автор: Alexandra WEALLANS, Erwin Witters, Ingrid Somers, Liesbet THIJS, Raf SNOEKX, Stefaan Van Dyck
Принадлежит: Kemin Industries Inc

The invention describes antimicrobial treatment of animal feed, and other matrices with pulsed electric field (PEF) technology or e-beam technology combined with at least one antimicrobial and/or at least one surfactant. The use of this combined methodology approach results in a synergistic reduction of microbial load in the matrix of interest and shows bactericidal effects instead of bacteriostatic effects compared to the use of the technology alone. The addition of an antimicrobial agent in combination with the technology results in a long-lasting antimicrobial effect, preventing re-contamination, which cannot be achieved by using an energetic field alone. Furthermore, the invention describes treatment of the animal feed and other matrices with PEF or e-beam to increase nutrient digestibly of the matrix. Another aspect of the invention relates to providing a suitable alternative to heat treatment, or formaldehyde treatment, in order to decontaminate feed, human and pet food.

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Номер записи: 99
10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODOLOGY FOR TREATING BIOMASS, COAL, MSW/ANY KIND OF WASTES AND SLUDGES FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS TO PRODUCE CLEAN/UPGRADED MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN, ENERGY AND LIQUID FUELS-CHEMICALS

Номер: US20190010414A1
Автор: Arvelakis Stylianos
Принадлежит:

The present invention refers to a method for treating agricultural or forestry or urban origin biomass or mixture of different origin's biomass feedstocks, low quality coal such as peat, lignite or subbituminous or/and bituminous coal, or/and mixtures of them, garbage and urban/industrial wastes, solid and/or liquid state, as well as sewage treatment plant sludges by means of removal of inorganic elements, such as silica, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and heavy metals such as zinc, mercury, copper, lead, chromium, etc., and the addition of new inorganic elements such as calcium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, yttrium, aluminum and ammonium, in order to produce a purified and upgraded solid and/or liquid material which can be used as raw material in thermochemical conversion processes such as combustion, flash (t<1 sec)/fast pyrolysis (1 Подробнее

Номер записи: 100