СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВА ИЗ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ВОЛОКНИСТОГО МАТЕРИАЛА (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СПОСОБ УПЛОТНЕНИЯ ВОЛОКНИСТОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОЙ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к получению топлива из волокнистого материала. Каждый из вариантов способа предусматривает резку источника волокна с получением первого волокнистого материала и пропускание последнего через сито с получением второго волокнистого материала, который имеет относительно высокую удельную площадь поверхности, относительно высокую пористость и относительно низкую объемную плотность. Затем второй волокнистый материал объединяют с дрожжами, и/или бактерией, и/или ферментом для получения топлива. Второй вариант способа предусматривает проведение гидролиза волокнистого материала перед внесением дрожжей, и/или бактерии, и/или ферментов. Способ уплотнения волокнистой композиции предусматривает помещение композиции, полученной объединением резанного и пропущенного через сито волокнистого материала с бактерией и/или ферментом, в пакет из газонепроницаемого материала и удаление из него газа. Изобретения позволяют сократить время при производстве топлива за счет того, что волокнистый ...

ФЕРМЕНТАТИВНОЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ТАГАТОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии и представляет собой усовершенствованный способ получения тагатозы из сахарида, причем способ включает преобразование фруктозо-6-фосфата (F6P) в тагатозо-6-фосфат (T6P) с использованием фруктозо-6-фосфатэпимеразы (F6PE), причем F6PE содержит аминокислотную последовательность SEQ ID NO: 2 или SEQ ID NO: 7; и преобразование T6P в тагатозу с использованием тагатозо-6-фосфатфосфатазы (T6PP), где F6PE обладает более высокой активностью в усовершенствованном способе по сравнению со способом, в котором используется F6PE из Dictyoglomus thermophilum с номером доступа UniProt B5YBD7. Изобретение позволяет получить тагатозу с высокой степенью эффективности. 2 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил., 2 табл., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА СМЕШИВАНИЯ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА С ФЕРМЕНТАМИ

Группа изобретений относится к области биохимии. Предложены способ обработки лигноцеллюлозного материала, способ разжижения лигноцеллюлозного материала и система разжижения лигноцеллюлозного материала. Способ обработки включает проведение реакции парового разрыва лигноцеллюлозного материала с получением суспензии, добавление материала на основе щелочи к суспензии, добавление ферментного раствора к суспензии, перемешивание суспензии с добавлением ферментного раствора, проведение ферментативного гидролиза суспензии. Способ разжижения лигноцеллюлозного материала включает проведение реакции парового разрыва лигноцеллюлозного материала с получением суспензии, перемешивание суспензии с материалом на основе щелочи, впрыскивание ферментов ферментного раствора на суспензию, перемешивание суспензии с добавлением ферментного раствора. Система разжижения лигноцеллюлозного материала включает реактор парового разрыва, первый шнековый транспортер, второй шнековый транспортер, смеситель в жидкостном соединении ...

СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ВЫХОДА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДЕКСТРОЗЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕМБРАННОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии. Предложен способ повышения степени извлечения декстрозы из содержащего декстрозу раствора. Способ включает мембранную фильтрацию содержащего декстрозу раствора с порогом фильтрации по молекулярному весу от 100 до 400 дальтон и обработку получаемого ретентата иммобилизованными на смоле и/или удерживаемыми мембраной ферментами глюкоамилазой и/или пуллуланазой. Способ обеспечивает повышение выхода целевого продукта декстрозы. 6 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ D-ПСИКОЗЫ ВЫСОКОЙ ЧИСТОТЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения D-псикозы, который может быть использован в химической промышленности. Способ включает эпимеризацию D-фруктозы в D-псикозу для получения содержащего D-псикозу раствора, первое охлаждение и ионную очистку содержащего D-псикозу раствора, первое концентрирование и второе охлаждение очищенного содержащего D-псикозу раствора, хроматографию содержащего D-псикозу раствора, который подвергали первому концентрированию и второму охлаждению, для получения содержащего D-фруктозу маточного раствора и содержащего D-псикозу отделенного раствора, и второе концентрирование и третье охлаждение содержащего D-псикозу отделенного раствора для получения кристаллов D-псикозы, где содержащий D-фруктозу маточный раствор, полученный с помощью хроматографии, повторно используют в эпимеризации D-псикозы, и где маточный раствор, полученный в результате кристаллизации D-псикозы, повторно используют в первом охлаждении и ионной очистке, первом концентрировании и втором охлаждении ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТАГАТОЗЫ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТАГАТОЗЫ ИЗ ФРУКТОЗЫ

Группа изобретений относится к получению тагатозы из фруктозы. Предложен белок для получения тагатозы из фруктозы, имеющий аминокислотную последовательность, представленную в SEQ ID NO:1-7. Предложен также рекомбинантный микроорганизм для получения тагатозы из фруктозы, экспрессирующий указанный белок. Предложен также способ получения тагатозы из фруктозы, включающий приведение в контакт вышеуказанных белка или микроорганизма с фруктозой и получение тагатозы. Изобретение обеспечивает получение тагатозы из фруктозы с высоким выходом. 3 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 42 ил., 2 табл., 3 пр.

ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЙ СПОСОБ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ЛИГНИНА

Высокотемпературный способ отделения лигнина применяется при конверсии целлюлозы и сахаров из биомассы в другие органические соединения. Способ отделения лигнина от водной смеси, имеющей значение pH больше 3,5, включает стадии: a) нагревания смеси до температуры больше, чем критическая температура, в диапазоне от 45С до 98С, b) отделения твердого вещества лигнина от смеси при температуре отделения, которая равна критической температуре или превышает ее. Смесь получают из исходного сырья на основе биомассы, а стадии нагревания смеси предшествует стадия обработки водяным паром, проводимая для исходного сырья на основе биомассы. Обеспечивается эффективное отделение лигнина от водной смеси, полученной в ходе способа конверсии биомассы в спирт. 11 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл.

СПОСОБ ФЕРМЕНТНОЙ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНО-ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОФАКТОРОВ

Изобретение относится к способу ферментной регенерации окислительно-восстановительных кофакторов NAD/NADH и/или, в частности, и NADP/NADPH в совместной реакции, в котором в результате по меньшей мере двух катализируемых ферментами окислительно-восстановительных реакций, протекающих в одной реакционной массе (реакций образования продукта), один из двух окислительно-восстановительных кофакторов накапливается в восстановленной форме, а другой, соответственно, в окисленной форме, a) в реакции регенерации, при которой восстановленный кофактор преобразуется в исходную окисленную форму, восстанавливают кислород или соединение общей формулыгде R- линейная или разветвленная (С-С)-алкильная группа или (С-С)-карбоксиалкильная группа, а b) в реакции регенерации, при которой окисленный кофактор преобразуется в исходную восстановленную форму, окисляют (С-С)-циклоалканол или соединение общей формулыгде Rи Rнезависимо друг от друга выбраны из группы, включающей Н, (C-C) алкил, где алкил является линейным ...

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к области биотехнологии, а именно к переработке биомассы. Предложен способ повышения доступности углеводов, содержащихся в исходном материале биомассы. Путем нарезания, растирания, раздавливания, дробления или рубки уменьшают размер исходного материала биомассы, содержащего полисахариды, выбранные из целлюлозы, пектина, гемицеллюлозы и их смесей. Получают исходную биомассу, содержащую менее 5% воды. Облучают исходную биомассу электронным пучком при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт с получением первого обработанного материала биомассы. Охлаждают и снова облучают первый обработанный материал биомассы пучком электронов при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт. Получают второй обработанный материал биомассы со среднечисленной молекулярной массой от 3000 до 50000 Дальтон и увеличенной доступностью углеводов. Изобретение позволяет получать материал, имеющий доступность питательных элементов, превышающую доступность питательных ...

СПОСОБ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ НИЗКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО САХАРА В ЭТАНОЛ

Способ ферментации низкомолекулярного сахара в этанол включает смешивание низкомолекулярного сахара, одного или нескольких ферментирующих микроорганизмов и модифицированной биомассы, ферментацию низкомолекулярного сахара в условиях, подходящих для конвертирования сахара в этанол. Причем модифицированная биомасса имеет объемную плотность менее чем примерно 0,5 г/сми содержит целлюлозные волокна, которые по существу были подвергнуты облучению и содержат группы карбоновой кислоты. Ферментирующий микроорганизм включает дрожжи, выбранные из группы, состоящей из S. cerevisiae и Р.Stipitis, или бактерии Zymomonas mobilis. Изобретение позволяет получить этанол с выходом, равным по меньшей мере 140%. 16 з.п. ф-лы, 40 ил, 78 табл., 32 пр.

РЕГЕНЕРАТИВНАЯ ОЧИСТКА ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНО ОБРАБОТАННОГО ПОТОКА БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к удалению фурфурола и уксусной кислоты из потока, содержащего воду, C5, C6 и соединение, выбранное из уксусной кислоты и фурфурола. Способ включает стадии взаимодействия первого потока с адсорбционной средой, которая предварительно взаимодействовала со вторым потоком, содержащим те же самые компоненты. Адсорбционная среда была не будучи в контакте со вторым потоком регенерирована, так что по меньшей мере 70% от адсорбированного фурфурола и уксусной кислоты десорбировано и по меньшей мере 60% C5 и C6 осталось адсорбированным в среде. Упомянутая среда представляет собой сферические частицы активированного угля. C5 представляет собой сумму арабинана и ксилана, а С6 представляет собой глюкан. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективность удаления побочных продуктов из биомассы. 2 н. и 9 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ СЦЕЖЕННЫХ ФЕРМЕНТИРОВАННЫХ МОЛОЧНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ

Изобретение относится к молочной промышленности, в частности к получению сцеженных ферментированных молочных продуктов. Способ предусматривает термообработку молочного материала, содержащего лактозу, ферментацию по меньшей мере одним штаммом молочнокислых бактерий, обладающим слабой способностью метаболизировать лактозу в кислой сыворотке, разделение, получая сцеженный ферментированный молочный продукт и побочную кислую сыворотку, содержащую лактозу. Способ может включать гомогенизацию ферментированного молочного продукта и по меньшей мере, одну стадию охлаждения. Предложен также сцеженный ферментированный продукт, получаемый данным способом. Изобретениями обеспечивается улучшение балльной оценки полноты аромата, отсутствие усиленного вкуса или аромата и отсутствие избыточных ноток продукта после его хранения в течение 55 дней. 2 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 4 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИЗ ЗЛАКОВОГО ЗЕРНА ПЕНТОЗ И РАСТВОРИМЫХ ОЛИГО/ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПЕНТОЗЫ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЮ УДАЛЕНИЯ ОБОЛОЧЕК

... 1. Способ извлечения из злакового зерна и отделения растворимых продуктов арабиноксилана, причем вышеупомянутый способ включает (i) удаление части внешних слоев цельных злаковых зерен посредством частичного удаления оболочек, получение первых отрубей злаков и злаковых зерен с частично удаленными оболочками, (ii) вальцовый помол вышеупомянутых злаковых зерен с частично удаленными оболочками с целью получения вторых отрубей злаков, при этом вышеупомянутый способ также включает (iii) заливку водным раствором, по меньшей мере, части вышеупомянутых вторых отрубей злаков с целью повышения растворимости и дополнительной деполимеризации, по меньшей мере, части арабиноксилана, содержащейся в вышеупомянутых вторых отрубях злаков, и (iv) отделение от нерастворимой фракции вышеупомянутой мягкой массы сольюбилизированной фракции, содержащей, по меньшей мере, часть солюбилизированных растворимых продуктов арабиноксилана.2. Способ по п. 1, причем перед заливкой водным раствором вышеупомянутые вторые отруби ...

БАКТЕРИОФАГИ, ОТОБРАЖАЮЩИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЭНЗИМЫ, И ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ

... 1. Способ получения продукта ферментативной реакции с субстратом, каковой способ включает в себя следующие стадии: a) получение рекомбинантного вируса или его фрагмента, содержащего чужеродный фермент либо его функциональный фрагмент, вариант или производное и b) введение в контакт рекомбинантного вируса или его фрагмента и субстрата в условиях и на время, приемлемых для того, чтобы фермент мог катализировать ферментативную реакцию субстрата с образованием продукта. 2. Способ по п.1, включающий в себя дополнительную стадию выделения продукта ферментативной реакции. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором один или несколько чужеродных ферментов кодируются одной или несколькими молекулами нуклеиновой кислоты, встроенными в вирус. 4. Способ по п.3, в котором нуклеиновая кислота рекомбинантно встроена в вирусный геном. 5. Способ по п.1, в котором чужеродный фермент встроен в вирус в качестве белка. 6. Способ по п.1, в котором рекомбинантный вирус или его фрагмент вырабатывает множество чужеродных ферментов ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНО ОБРАБОТАННОЙ БИОМАССЫ ПЕРЕД СМЕШИВАНИЕМ С ФЕРМЕНТАМИ

... 1. Система для ферментативного гидролиза материала биомассы, включающая:реактор предварительной обработки для приема материала биомассы;транспортную систему, соединенную жидкостной связью с выходным отверстием реактора предварительной обработки и пригодную для приема охлаждающей жидкости и регулирующего рН материала или любого их сочетания с целью производства охлажденной предварительно обработанной биомассы с отрегулированным рН;систему введения фермента, соединенную жидкостной связью с транспортной системой и предназначенную для введения ферментного раствора в охлажденную предварительно обработанную биомассу с отрегулированным рН;по меньшей мере, один резервуар, соединенный жидкостной связью с транспортной системой и предназначенный для превращения охлажденной предварительно обработанной биомассы с отрегулированным рН из состояния с большей кажущейся вязкостью и высоким отношением содержания непревращенной целлюлозы к содержанию сахара в состояние с меньшей кажущейся вязкостью и меньшим ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЛАКТОЗЫ ИЗ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТАГАТОЗЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГАЛАКТОЗЫ

... 1. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы, включающий:проведение экстракции лиственницы горячей водой с получением арабиногалактана;проведение кислотного гидролиза экстрагированного горячей водой арабиногалактана с получением кислотного гидролизата; ивыделение галактозы из кислотного гидролизата.2. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором экстракция горячей водой включает переработку лиственницы на щепы или опилки.3. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором экстракцию горячей водой проводят при температуре от 15°С до менее чем 100°С в течение от 0,5 до 24 часов.4. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором кислотный гидролиз включает добавление от 0,1% (масс./об.) до 15% (масс./об.) серной кислоты к арабиногалактану, экстрагированному горячей водой.5. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором выделение галактозы включает выделение галактозы хроматографией.6. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 5, ...

Новая термостабильная тагатоза-6-фосфатфосфатаза и способ получения тагатозы с ее использованием

Настоящее изобретение относится к тагатозо-6-фосфатфосфатазе, содержащей аминокислотную последовательность SEQ ID NO: 1. Кроме того, настоящее изобретение относится к композиции для получения тагатозы, содержащей тагатозо-6-фосфатфосфатазу по настоящему изобретению, и к способу получения тагатозы с использованием тагатозо-6-фосфатфосфатазы по настоящему изобретению. Изобретение позволяет получить тагатозу с высокой степенью эффективности. 3 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил., 5 пр.

Композиции для получения глюкозных сиропов

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ЭТАНОЛ

... 1. Способ превращения целлюлозного материала в этанол и другие продукты, причем целлюлозный материал содержит по меньшей мере целлюлозу, лигнин, гемицеллюлозу и золу, в котором целлюлозный материал очищают и подвергают непрерывной гидротермической предварительной обработке без добавления кислот или оснований, или других химических реактивов, которые требуется извлекать, причем получают жидкость и фракцию волокон, фракцию волокон подвергают ферментативному размягчению и осахариванию, причем способ включает ферментацию с получением этанола и извлечение продукта, где способ включает: ! осуществление гидротермической предварительной обработки, подвергая целлюлозный материал по меньшей мере одной операции вымачивания, и проведение целлюлозного материала через по меньшей мере один реактор высокого давления, задающий зону высокого давления реактора, работающую при повышенном давлении; целлюлозный материал нагревают до температуры от 170 до 230°С, и проводят по меньшей мере одну операцию отжима ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ ТОНКОГО СИНТЕЗА С ПОМОЩЬЮ CORYNEBACTERIUM, СЕКРЕТИРУЮЩЕЙ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЕ a-1,6-ГЛЮКОЗИДАЗЫ

СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ЯГОД И ФРУКТОВ В ПРОТИВОМИКРОБНО АКТИВНЫЕ ФРАКЦИИ

СПОСОБ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРАСТВОРИМЫХ САХАРОВ ИЗ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ получения целлюлозы и/или сахаросодержащего продукта из лигноцеллюлозного материала, включающийa) фракционирование лигноцеллюлозного материала посредством варки в муравьиной кислоте при содержании муравьиной кислоты от 70 до 98% и температуре от 110 до 160°С;b) доведение фракции целлюлозной массы, полученной таким образом, до консистенции от 10 до 40% и промывание ее муравьиной кислотой;c) обработку загущенной и промытой целлюлозной массы при температуре от 50 до 90°С пермуравьиной кислотой, полученной посредством добавления пероксида водорода к муравьиной кислоте в количестве от 0,5 до 3% от сухой массы целлюлозной массы, и проведения реакции муравьиной кислоты и пероксида водорода с получением перуксусной кислоты за 1-10 минут до добавления пермуравьиной кислоты к загущенной и промытой целлюлозной массе;где обработку целлюлозной массы пермуравьиной кислотой проводят до тех пор, пока пермуравьиная кислота не будет, по существу, израсходована, после чего обработку продолжают, ...

ЦЕЛЬНОКЛЕТОЧНЫЕ БИОКАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ В ДЕГРАДАЦИИ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОЙ БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Молекула нуклеиновой кислоты, содержащая следующие компоненты:(1) участок, кодирующий сигнальный пептид,(2) участок, кодирующий гетерологичную целлюлазу,(3) необязательный участок, кодирующий сайт распознаваемый протеазой,(4) участок, кодирующий трансмембранный линкер, и(5) участок, кодирующий транспортный домен белка-автотранспортера или его вариант.2. Молекула нуклеиновой кислоты по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что целюлаза является бета-глюкозидазой или эндо- либо экзоцеллюлазой, предпочтительно выбираемой из группы, содержащей эндоцеллюлазу Bacillus subtilis, экзоцеллюлазу Clostridium thermocellum и бета-глюкозидазу Clostridium thermocellum.3. Молекула нуклеиновой кислоты по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что транспортный домен белка-автотранспортера выбирают из группы, содержащей Ssp, Ssp-h1, Ssp-h2, PspA, PspB, Ssa1, SphB1, AspA/NalP, VacA, AIDA-I, IcsA, MisL, TibA, Ag43, ShdA, AutA, Tsh, SepA, EspC, EspP, Pet, Pic, SigA, Sat, Vat, EpeA, EatA, EspI, EaaA, EaaC, Pertactin, BrkA, Tef, Vag8, ...

ФЕРМЕНТАТИВНЫЙ ГИДРОЛИЗ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

... 1. Способ непрерывного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы, включающий, по меньшей мере, следующие стадии:(P) обеспечения, по меньшей мере, одного реактора, который может работать в стационарном состоянии;(A) добавления заданного количества целлюлозной биологической массы в указанный реактор, при этом указанная целлюлозная биологическая масса имеет содержание твердых продуктов, по меньшей мере, 10%;(Α') добавления заданного количества ферментов в указанный реактор;(E) осуществления, по меньшей мере, частичного ферментативного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы в указанном реакторе,при этом достигается стационарное состояние, при котором целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно добавляют в указанный реактор, в то время как, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованную целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно удаляют из указанного реактора, при этом указанная, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованная целлюлозная биологическая масса, которую непрерывно удаляют, имеет вязкость ...

БЕСКЛЕТОЧНОЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ САХАРОВ

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ изготовления корма для животных, включающийизменение молекулярной структуры полисахаридов биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, путем воздействия на биомассу излучением дозой по меньшей мере 5,0 Мрад, используя пучок электронов, работающий при мощности по меньшей мере 5 кВт, для получения пищевого материала, включающего материал, имеющий среднечисленную молекулярную массу от приблизительно 3000 до 50000 Дальтон, имеющего доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте, превышающую доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте биомассы,при этом доступность питательных веществ определяют путем скармливания равных количеств указанного пищевого материала и биомассы по меньшей мере двум различным группам, состоящим из одного или нескольких животных, и сравнения потерь с экскрементами белка или аминокислоты для этих двух групп;уплотнение пищевого материала с получением корма для животных; ипредоставление пищевого материала ...

СВЕРХКРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ГИДРОЛИЗ БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ, включающий:уменьшение размера частиц исходной лигноцеллюлозной биомассы для изготовления лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, у которой размер частиц составляет менее чем приблизительно 500 мкм;изготовление смеси, которую составляют:вода ивышеупомянутая лигноцеллюлозная биомасса, у которой размер частиц составляет менее чем приблизительно 500 мкм; ивыдерживание в контакте с водой при температуре, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 374°C и при давлении, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 221 бар (22,1 МПа), вышеупомянутой смеси в течение достаточного периода времени для получения, по меньшей мере, одного содержащего 5 или 6 атомов углерода сахарида;причем в вышеупомянутой смеси практически отсутствует экзогенная кислота.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором вышеупомянутое уменьшение размера частиц включает паровой взрыв вышеупомянутой исходной лигноцеллюлозной биомассы необязательно в присутствии химического реагента, выбранного из группы: аммиак, диоксид серы и их сочетания.3. Способ по п. 1, в котором ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Maische bei der Gewinnung von Ethanol aus pflanzlichen Rohstoffen und entsprechende Verwendung

Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zum Behandeln einer Maische (M) bei der Gewinnung von Ethanol aus pflanzlichen Rohstoffen, wenigstens mit: (a) Bereitstellen einer ersten Maische (M1), welche unter Verwendung von Pflanzenmaterial und Wasser gewonnen wurde und Stärke pflanzlicher Herkunft enthält; (b) Erwärmen der ersten Maische (M1) auf eine erste Temperatur (T1) von wenigstens 60°C; (c) Halten der Temperatur der ersten Maische (M1) in einem ersten Temperaturbereich (TB1) für eine vorbestimmte erste Zeitspanne (t1); (d) Einstellen der Temperatur der ersten Maische (M1) auf eine zweite Temperatur (T2) innerhalb eines Temperaturbereichs zwischen 0 und 80°C, wobei die zweite Temperatur (T2) geringer als die erste Temperatur (T1) ist; (e) Mischen der resultierenden ersten Maische (M1) mit einem enzymhaltigen Substrat (ES), welches eine zweite Maische (M2) enthält, oder aus der zweiten Maische (M2) erzeugt worden ist, oder aus der zweiten Maische (M2) und/oder aus einem Erzeugnis (ME) besteht ...

ENZYMATISCHE SYNTHESE VON DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDEN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON TAGATOSE

Preparing erythrulose, useful e.g. in cosmetics as self-tanning lotion, comprises incubating erythrite-containing output substrate with an erythrulose-tolerant microorganism of the species Gluconobacter and extracting erythrulose

Preparing erythrulose from an erythrite-containing output substrate, comprises (a) incubating the erythrite-containing output substrate with an erythrulose-tolerant microorganism of the species Gluconobacterand (b) extracting the erythrulose formed during the incubation. An independent claim is included for the microorganism of the species Gluconobacter sp., deposited under the number DSM 21030.

VERFAHREN ZUR ENZYMATISCHEN SYNTHESE VON SACCHARID-ESTERN

Method for converting waste lignocellulosic materials derived from converting lignocellulose to ethanol into levoglucosenone

Artificial honey composition and production process

The present invention relates to a production process, composition and use of an artificial honey based on the use of inverted sugar, preferably using the enzyme invertase from yeast, with the addition of nutritive components such that the final syrup has a formulation similar to that of natural honey and can have improved pharmaceutical functions and biological functions, being healthier. The artificial honey of the present invention relates to a product of strictly plant origin, which is produced without the use of animal work or biological materials, and can be commercialized in various sectors, including the vegan sector. More specifically, the artificial honey of the present invention is produced from inverted sucrose, preferably by means of the enzymatic catalysis of VHP/VVHP/demerara brown sugars rich in minerals, vitamins and natural antioxidants of great pharmacological interest and various types of substances of interest. The artificial honey of the present invention has no chemical ...

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

PREPARING L-RHAMNOSE

Preparation of fructose-1,6-disphosphate

The process provides the enzymatic phosphorylation of glucose to FDP by means of yeast immobilized by glutaraldehyde and the separation of FDP by ultrafiltration. A suspension of glutaraldehyde-treated yeast is fed to a fermenter, with addition of a nutrient mixture consisting of dextrose (1M), sodium phosphate (0.5 M), magnesium chloride (10 mM) and phosphoric acid until pH 6.5. The mixture is re-circulated through a hollow fiber ultrafiltration unit to separate the FDP that forms during the phosphorylation reaction.

PREPARATION OF FRUCTOSE-1,6-DIPHOSPHATE

PROCESS FOR MAKING L-SUGARS AND D-FRUCTOSE

Improvements in the treatment of yeast

... 204,164. Distillers Co., Ltd., and Meyer, E. A. July 17, 1922. Preserving yeast.-Pressed yeast is mixed with a fatty substance of mineral, vegetable, or animal origin, and is afterwards dried. In an example, 6 parts of yeast is mixed with 1 part of cocoa butter.

Process for making D-fructose

The invention relates to a method for producing D-fructose from D-glucose, which comprises the steps of: a) epimerizing D-glucose 1 to a mixture of D-glucose and D-mannose 3; b) separating said D-glucose 5 from the mixture with D-mannose; c) hydrogenating said D-mannose 6 to provide D-mannitol 9; d) oxidizing said D-mannitol to provide a solution of D-fructose 13; and e) crystallizing said D-fructose solution to provide crystals of D-fructose 15. D-Fructose is useful as a sweetener ener for foodstuffs.

Photosynthetic process

FRUCTOSEL 6-DIPHOSPHATE

Process for the direct enzymatic conversion of amino sugars; enzyme and compositions for use in the process

The present disclosure provides methods and enzymes for converting amino sugar to fructose and ammonia, wherein the enzyme is glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (GPDA enzyme), and the amino sugar is an amino monosaccharide, preferably a glucosamine. Also provided are compositions for converting amino sugar to fructose and ammonia.

Processing biomass

Processing and transforming biomass

Processing biomass and energy

Processing materials

Production of sugar and alcohol from biomass

Controlling process gases

Processing biomass

Processing materials

Upgrading process streams

Processing biomass materials

Processing biomass

Treating biomass

Processing biomass

Talaromyces emersonii enzyme system

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomass

Methods of processing lignocellulosic biomass using single-stage autohydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis with C5 bypass and post-hydrolysis

Fibrous materials and compositions

Treatment of cellulosic material and enzymes useful therein

Processing biomass.

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Saccharifying biomass.

SOLUBILIZED ENZYME AND USES THEREOF

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING PAPER FEEDSTOCKS

Processing biomass.

METHODS OF PROCESSING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS USING SINGLE-STAGE AUTOHYDROLYSIS PRETREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS

Dispersing feedstocks and processing materials

Reconfigurable processing enclosures

Array for processing materials

Improved endoglucanases for treatment of cellulosic material

Upgrading process streams

Methods of processing lignocellulosic biomass using single-stage autohydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis with C5 bypass and post-hydrolysis

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SACCHARIFYING AND FERMENTING A BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

Processing biomass

METHODS OF PROCESSING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS USING SINGLE-STAGE AUTOHYDROLYSIS PRETREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

A PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF SOLUBLE SUGARS FROM BIOMASS

Processing biomass and energy

SOLUBILIZED ENZYME AND USES THEREOF

PROCESSING BIOMASS

DISPERSING FEEDSTOCKS AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

Methods of processing lignocellulosic biomass

METHODS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

COOLING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

SACCHARIFYING BIOMASS

BIOPROCESSING

Method for producing lipid

Biomass hydrothermal decomposition system and saccharide-solution production method using biomass material

A biomass hydrothermal decomposition system includes a hydrothermal decomposition unit 17 that transports the fed biomass material from a lower side to an upper side in an apparatus body 13 by screw means 14, feeds pressurized hot water 15 from an upper side different from a feed position of the biomass material 11 into the apparatus body 13, which is pressurized hot water to be discharged, so as to separate a lignin component and a hemicellulose component from the biomass material; a biomass solid discharging unit 18 that discharges a biomass solid 20 from the upper side of the apparatus body 13; and a slurrying vessel 21 communicating with the biomass solid discharging unit 18, into which water 19 is injected and the discharged biomass solid 20 is added to obtain a slurried biomass solid are provided.

Cellobiose 2-epimerase, its preparation and uses

The present invention has objects to provide a thermostable cellobiose 2-epimerase, its preparation and uses. The present invention attains the above objects by providing a thermostable cellobiose 2-epimerase, a DNA encoding the enzyme, a recombinant DNA and transformant comprising the DNA, a process for producing the enzyme, and a process for producing isomerized saccharides using the enzyme.

Methods for increasing the yield of fermentable sugars from plant stover

Methods for increasing yield of fermentable sugars from plant stover are provided. The methods include using plants homozygous for two brown midrib mutations, bm1 and bm3. The methods also include using plants homozygous for a mutation in a gene that results in reduced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and a mutation in a gene that results in reduced 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde/5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol O-methyltransferase activity. The methods also include using transgenic plants that have reduced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity and reduced 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde/5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol O-methyltransferase activity in comparison with wild-type plants.

Continuously fed biomass pretreatment process for a packed bed reactor

Biomass pretreatment using anhydrous ammonia is effective in a static reactor vessel when the ammonia can penetrate through the biomass particles or pieces in vapor state, and when biomass is continuously fed and moved through the reactor. To achieve this condition, total system moisture content is kept below 40 weight % based on total mass in the system. The pretreated biomass product is effectively saccharified to produce fermentable sugars for biocatalyst production of a product.

Recombinant beta-glucosidase variants for production of soluble sugars from cellulosic biomass

The invention relates to recombinant expression of a variant form of a fungal C1 strain β-glucosidase. The invention also relates to the generation of fermentable sugars from biomass and the production of biofuels by fermentation of the sugars using genetically modified organisms expressing the β-glucosidase variant. The invention provides methods for producing a fermentable sugar, such as glucose, from cellobiose by contacting cellobiose with a recombinant β-glucosidase variant protein, such as a variant protein secreted by a recombinant host cell into culture medium. Methods of the invention may be used for conversion of a biomass substrate to a fermentable sugar, and ultimately to ethanol or other biofuel.

Sugar mixtures and methods for production and use thereof

A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ≧0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ≧0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ≧0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Variant humicola grisea cbh1.1

Disclosed are variants of Humicola grisea Cel7A (CBH1.1), H. jecorina CBH1 variant or S. thermophilium CBH1, nucleic acids encoding the same and methods for producing the same. The variant cellulases have the amino acid sequence of a glycosyl hydrolase of family 7A wherein one or more amino acid residues are substituted.

Compositions and methods comprising cellulase variants with reduced affinity to non-cellulosic materials

The present disclosure relates to cellulase variants. In particular the present disclosure relates to cellulase variants having reduced binding to non-cellulosic materials. Also described are nucleic acids encoding the cellulase, compositions comprising said cellulase, methods of identifying cellulose variants and methods of using the compositions.

Enhanced soluble c5 saccharide yields

Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of soluble C 5 saccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass comprising acidifying fractionated lignocellulosic biomass to prevent the recondensation of soluble C 5 saccharides, including C 5 oligosaccharides and xylose and arabinose monomers, to insoluble higher molecular weight C 5 oligosaccharides.

Saccharide-solution producing apparatus, fermentation system, saccharide-solution producing method, and fermentation method

A saccharide-solution producing apparatus 11 A according to the present invention is a saccharide-solution producing apparatus for producing a saccharide solution 22 derived from a carbohydrate-based material 21 , and includes a saccharide-solution controlling unit 15 A that controls the saccharide solution derived from the carbohydrate-based material 21 , a cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit 16 that saccharifies hydrothermally treated biomass obtained by hydrothermally decomposing a cellulosic biomass material 35 that contains a lignin component and a hemicellulose component, and produces a diluted saccharide solution 37 , and a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L 11 that mixes the diluted saccharide solution 37 produced by the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit 16 into the saccharide-solution controlling unit 15 A. With this configuration, it is possible to improve production efficiency of the saccharide solution 22 and to realize cost reduction.

Method for producing saccharified solution

A method for producing a saccharified solution is provided, by which a saccharide recovered as a saccharified solution can be increased. The saccharified solution is obtained by treating a substrate solution containing lignocellulosic biomass as a substrate with a saccharifying enzyme produced by a microorganism to prepare a substrate/saccharifying enzyme mixture liquid, and removing a residue of the substrate from the substrate/saccharifying enzyme mixture liquid. The concentration of the substrate in the substrate/saccharifying enzyme mixture liquid is adjusted to be in the range of 15 to 30% by mass. In the removal of the residue of the substrate, a saccharide adsorbed on the residue is extracted.

Cooling and processing materials

Systems and methods for cooling and processing materials are disclosed.

Novel Beta-Glucosidase and Uses thereof

A novel beta-glucosidase and nucleic acids encoding the beta-glucosidase. Also disclosed are cells, compositions, and methods relating to using the beta-glucosidase to convert ligocellulosic material to fermentable sugars.

Fine fibrous cellulosic material and process for producing the same

To provide a fine fibrous cellulosic material capable of producing a saccharide in a high yield by hydrolysis; to provide a process for producing the fine fibrous cellulosic material from a cellulosic material; and to provide a process for producing the saccharide using the fine fibrous cellulosic material. The present invention is the fine fibrous cellulosic material containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which the fine fibrous cellulosic material has a width of 1 μm or less and a length of 5,000 μm or less and is used for glycation reaction by hydrolysis.

System for the treatment of biomass

A system for treating biomass for the production of ethanol is disclosed. A biorefinery for producing a fermentation product from biomass is disclosed. The biorefinery comprises a system for preparing the biomass into prepared biomass and a system for pre-treating the biomass into pre-treated biomass. The biorefinery comprises a separator, a first treatment system, a second treatment system, and a fermentation system. A method for producing a fermentation product from biomass is disclosed.

Pretreatment Method for Producing Water-Soluble Sugars From Lignocellulosic Material

The invention relates to manufacturing hydrolyzable cellulose and further, if desired, sugars from lignocellulosic material by means of formic and performic acid treatment.

POLYPEPTIDE HAVING ACETYL XYLAN ESTERASE ACTIVITY AND USES THEREOF

The invention relates to a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a variant polypeptide or variant polynucleotide thereof, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least 82% sequence identity with the sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2 or the variant polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide that has at least 82% sequence identity with the sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2. The invention features the full length coding sequence of the novel gene as well as the amino acid sequence of the full-length functional polypeptide and functional equivalents of the gene or the amino acid sequence. The invention also relates to methods for using the polypeptide in industrial processes. Also included in the invention are cells transformed with a polynucleotide according to the invention suitable for producing these proteins. 1. A polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 , or a variant polypeptide or variant polynucleotide thereof , wherein the variant polypeptide has at least 82% sequence identity with the sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2 or the variant polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide that has at least 82% sequence identity with the sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2.2. The polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein said polypeptide has acetyl xylan esterase activity.3. A polynucleotide which comprises:(a) a nucleotide sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 1; or(b) a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes selectively with a polynucleotide being a reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 1; or(c) a nucleotide sequence having at least 80% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; or(d) a fragment which is at least about 100 nucleotides in length of a nucleotide sequence as defined in (a), (b) or (c) which is at least about 100 nucleotides in length; or(e) a ...

Low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, methods of making, and applications thereof

The invention provides a low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, methods of making such a low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, and uses of such syrup.

Method of producing sugar

Provided herein is a transgenic bacteria engineered to accumulate carbohydrates, for example disaccharides. Also provided is a photobioreactor for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms comprising a non-gelatinous, solid cultivation support suitable for providing nutrients and moisture to photosynthetic microorganisms and a physical barrier covering at least a portion of the surface of the cultivation support. Devices for the large scale and continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms incorporating photobioreactors and methods of use are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of producing fermentable sugar from photosynthetic microorganisms using a photobioreactor of the invention.

Method of treating plant biomass

Plant biomass is immersed in a solution that contains a polar solvent and an imidazolium salt that has a melting point of at least 100° C. As a result, the cellulose and hemicellulose present in the plant biomass are relaxed (decrystallized and depolymerized) and brought into an easy-to-degrade state. Reacting the immersed plant biomass with a cellulase produces saccharide at a high conversion efficiency.

METHOD FOR EXTRACTING SUBSTANCES FROM SOAPBERRY FRUIT AND ITS SEEDS

An exclusive method for extracting active interface saponin and organic substances from soapberry; organic elements and oleic alcohol products from soapberry seeds through fermenting process, and end products made therefrom. By this method, every part of the soapberry is processed to become the raw material of varies of products and daily necessaries. Said method is toxin free and biologically safe, produce no solid and liquid wastage, zero carbon emissions, zero chemical pollution, low energy consumption and ecologically friendly. The end products produced by present invention are variables which can be applied in cosmetics, medicals, cleaning products, skin caring products and so on, thus, are with excellent economic value and industrial viability in mass production. 1. A method for extracting substances from soapberry fruit and its seeds , comprises following steps:{'b': 1', '1, 'Step : separate raw Soapberry fruits into pericarps and seeds, and store said pericarps under a constant temperature (T) for a predetermined time (S) to make them fermented naturally;'}{'b': 2', '1', '1', '1', '1, 'Step : put the fermented pericarps in step one inside a sealed tank, than fill in said sealed tank with liquid (W), then stand for 5-10 minutes, to make the foreign object attached on said pericarps being dissolved or moved by said liquid (W), supersonic vibrator or shifting the air pressure inside said sealed tank could be applied for speeding up the detachment of the foreign object on said pericarps, finally, take the pericarps out of the tank, and the liquid left in the tank becomes product which contains enzyme produced in step by fermenting;'}{'b': '3', 'Step : Put cleaned soapberry pericarps into a blender to grind them into the shattered mix of the pulp and fruit fiber;'}{'b': 4', '2', '2', '2, 'Step : Soak said shattered mix of the pulp and fruit fiber with liquid (W), then pouring them into an extractor; activate the extractor, and said pulp will be drained out of the ...

Methods for Improving the Efficiency of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Reactions

The present disclosure is directed, in a first aspect, to the use of inverting beta-xylosidase enzymes to reduce byproduct formation and increase the yield of fermentation products, as well as, in a second aspect, to the use of retaining beta-xylosidase enzymes to improve production of alkyl-beta-xylopyranoside compounds, in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation reactions. 1. A method for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) comprising culturing a complete fermentation medium , said complete fermentation medium comprising at least one fermenting microorganism , at least one xylan-containing biomass , at least one cellulase , at least one hemicellulase , and at least one inverting β-xylosidase , for a period and under conditions suitable for producing a fermentation product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complete fermentation medium comprises an effective amount of the inverting β-xylosidase such that the complete fermentation medium produces less short chain alkyl-β-xylopyranoside (“AXP”) than does a control fermentation medium lacking the inverting β-xylosidase.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complete fermentation medium comprises an effective amount of the inverting β-xylosidase such that the complete fermentation medium produces at least 40% less AXP than does a control fermentation medium lacking the inverting β-xylosidase.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the complete fermentation medium comprises an effective amount of the inverting β-xylosidase such that the complete fermentation medium produces at least 50% less AXP than does a control fermentation medium lacking the inverting β-xylosidase.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the complete fermentation medium comprises an effective amount of the inverting β-xylosidase such that the complete fermentation medium produces at least 60% less AXP than does a control fermentation medium lacking the inverting β-xylosidase.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the complete ...

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

VARIANT CBH I POLYPEPTIDES

In alternative embodiments, the invention provides polypeptides having a lignocellulolytic (lignocellulosic) activity, e.g., a ligninolytic and cellulolytic activity, including, e.g., a glycosyl hydrolase, a cellulase, an endoglucanase, a cellobiohydrolase (cbhl) (e.g., an exo-cellobiohydrolase, e.g., having an “exo” activity that can processively release cellobiose units β-1,4 glucose-glucose disaccharide), a beta-glucosidase, a xylanase, a mannanse, a xylosidase (e.g., a (β-xylosidase) and/or an arabinofuranosidase activity, polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides, and methods of making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. In one embodiment, the invention provides thermostable and thermotolerant forms of polypeptides of the invention. The polypeptides and nucleic acids of the invention are used in a variety of pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial contexts; for example, as enzymes for the bioconversion of a biomass, e.g., lignocellulosic residues, into fermentable sugars, where in one aspect these sugars are used as a chemical feedstock for the production of ethanol and fuels, e.g., biofuels, e.g., synthetic liquid or gas fuels, including ethanol, methanol and the like. 1. A polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of a variant cellobiohydrolase I (“CBH I”) catalytic domain , said variant CBH I catalytic domain having at least 90% sequence identity to a reference catalytic domain corresponding to amino acid positions 26-455 of SEQ ID NO:134 , and which comprises one or more amino acid substitutions that result in increased activity or improved thermotolerance as compared to the reference catalytic domain.2. The polypeptide of claim 1 , which has one or more substitutions that result in increased activity as compared to the reference catalytic domain.3. The polypeptide of claim 2 , which has one or more of the following substitutions or combinations of substitutions: (a) N222H; (b) N222E; (c) S217K; (d) L225Y; (e) L225V; (f) D87L; (g) ...

Polypeptides Having Cellobiohydrolase Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention provides isolated polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also provides nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUGARS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS PRE-TREATED WITH A MIXTURE OF HYDRATED INORGANIC SALTS AND METALLIC SALTS

The present invention concerns a process for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into sugars, comprising at least three steps. The first step is a step for cooking the lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of at least one hydrated inorganic salt mixed with at least one other metallic salt. The second step is a step for separating at least one solid fraction which has undergone the cooking step, and the third step is a step for enzymatic hydrolysis of said solid fraction to convert the polysaccharides into monosaccharides. The sugars obtained thereby can then be fermented into alcohols. 1. A process for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into monosaccharides , comprising at least: {'br': None, 'sub': n', '2, 'MX.n′HO'}, 'a) a step for cooking the biomass in the presence or in the absence of an organic solvent in a medium comprising at least one hydrated organic salt with formula (1) {'br': None, 'sub': m', '2, 'M′Y.m′HO'}, 'in which X is an anion and M is a metal selected from groups 1 and 2 of the periodic classification of the elements, n is a whole number equal to 1 or 2 and n′ is in the range 0.5 to 6; mixed with at least one other metallic salt, which may or may not be hydrated, with general formula (2)in which Y is an anion, which may be identical to or different from X, and M′ is a metal selected from groups 3 to 13 of the periodic classification of the elements, m is a whole number in the range 1 to 6 and m′ is in the range 0 to 6;b) a step for separating a solid fraction which has undergone step a);c) a step for enzymatic hydrolysis of said solid fraction.2. A process according to claim 1 , in which the medium in which the cooking step is carried out is constituted by one or more hydrated inorganic salts with formula (1) mixed with at least one other metallic salt claim 1 , which may or may not be hydrated claim 1 , with formula (2).3. A process according to claim 1 , in which the anion X is a halide anion selected from Cl claim 1 , F claim 1 ...

Polypeptides Having Endoglucanase Activity And Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having endoglucanase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Method of producing biofuel using brown algae

In a method of producing biofuel using brown algae, Bacterium antarctica is used as a hydrolysis catalyst for saccharification to obtain monosaccharides from the brown algae. The saccharification with the hydrolysis catalyst is effective in saccharification of the brown algae.

Polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and polynucleotides encoding same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Polypeptides Having Cellulolytic Enhancing Activity And Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

EXPRESSION OF STEADY STATE METABOLIC PATHWAYS

The present disclosure pertains to a method for increasing the production of a desired product having: identifying a steady state metabolic pathway for the synthesis of a desired product from a desired substrate; producing a polynucleotide encoding one or more polypeptide that participates in the steady state metabolic pathway for the synthesis of the desired product from the desired substrate; introducing the polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide into a host cell; transforming a host cell with an expression vector having an expressible polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide; and cultivating the host cell under a culture condition that induces the production of the desired product. 1. A method for increasing the production of a desired product , comprising:identifying a steady state metabolic pathway for the synthesis of a desired product from a desired substrate;producing a polynucleotide encoding one or more polypeptide that participates in the steady state metabolic pathway for the synthesis of the desired product from the desired substrate;introducing the polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide into a host cell; transforming a host cell with an expression vector comprising an expressible polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide; andcultivating the host cell under a culture condition that induces the production of the desired product.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising collecting the desired product from the host cell.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired product is glucose.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired substrate is 3-Hydroxypropionic acid.5Escherichia coli.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the host cell is6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the host cell comprises a polynucleotide for T7 RNA polymerase.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polypeptides have a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 39 claim 1 , 40 claim 1 , 41 claim 1 , 50 claim 1 , 51 claim 1 , 56 claim 1 , 57 claim 1 , 58 claim 1 , 59 ...

System and Method for Converting Cellulosic Biomass into a Sugar Solution

A process and apparatus for converting cellulosic biomass pulp into a sugar solution is provided. The process includes combining a quantity of cellulosic biomass pulp with a quantity of acid and a quantity of enzyme. The combined quantity of cellulosic biomass pulp, enzyme, and acid are placed in an enzymatic hydrolysis reactor having a predetermined temperature range and predetermined pH level, thereby producing a quantity of monomeric sugar solution. 1. A process for converting cellulosic biomass pulp suspension into a sugar solution , the process comprising the steps of:combining a quantity of cellulosic biomass pulp suspension with a quantity of acid and a quantity of enzyme; andplacing the combined quantity of cellulosic biomass pulp, enzyme, and acid suspension in an enzymatic hydrolysis reactor having a predetermined temperature range and predetermined pH level, thereby producing a quantity of monomeric sugar solution.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of treating a quantity of cellulosic biomass to produce the quantity of cellulosic biomass pulp suspension.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the step of treating the quantity of cellulosic biomass further comprises the step of:separating a quantity of lignin and a quantity of fiber from the quantity of cellulosic biomass, thereby producing a quantity of cellulosic pulp; andfiltering and washing the quantity of cellulosic pulp to remove a quantity of spent cooking chemicals and to thereby producing the quantity of cellulosic biomass pulp suspension.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the separating the quantity of lignin and the quantity of fiber from the quantity of cellulosic biomass further comprises a pulping process utilizing a combination of heat and at least one chemical within a chemical pulp-cooking vessel.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the pulping process further comprises a chemical pulping process claim 4 , wherein the chemical pulping process includes at least one process ...

Methods for Producing a Fermentation Product from Lignocellulose-Containing Material

The present invention provides a method for producing a fermentation product from lignocellulose-containing material, a method for converting lignocellulose-containing material into a hydrolyzate comprising mono- and oligo-saccharides, and a method for treating lignocellulose-containing material, all of which comprise the step of mixing an acid pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material and an alkaline pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material. The present invention further provides a fermentation product made according to the method for producing a fermentation product.

PROTEIN-ENHANCED SURFACTANTS FOR ENZYME ACTIVATION

Disclosed herein are compositions containing enzymes, particularly acting at the interface between two immiscible phases where the rate of enzymatic activity is increased by addition of a blend of surfactant(s) and a mixture derived from yeast fermentation, that contain non-enzymatic exo-proteins released by yeast in response to a non-lethal stress. The enzymes include those that work at the interface between an aqueous solution and a water immiscible phase, liquid or solid, such as oil, fat, cellulose, lignin, etc. including, but not limited to the following or combinations thereof: lipases, polysaccharase, lignase, cellulase and the like, in which the substrate of an enzymatic reaction forms a phase, segregated from the aqueous solution in which the enzymes are typically operating. Disclosed herein are methods for improving a washing solution with the use of these compositions, where the enzyme-protein-surfactant solution can be used in such applications as: laundry, spot remover, pre-laundry, dishes, hard surface cleaning, wastewater treatment, cellulose breakdown as in ethanol production, lignin utilization, environmental remediation, industrial cleaning, and agricultural applications. 1. A composition comprising non-enzymatic exo-proteins , a surfactant and an enzyme.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the exo-proteins are derived from yeast fermentation process.3Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the yeast is4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the fermentation process is aerobic.5. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the fermenting yeast is subject to a stress condition.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the stress is a non-lethal heat shock.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is selected from the group claim 1 , or combinations thereof: lipase claim 1 , cellulase claim 1 , lignase claim 1 , polysaccharase.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is anionic claim 1 , nonionic claim 1 , ...

Processing biomass and petroleum containing materials

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Processing Biomass Containing Materials

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

CELLULOSE SACCHARIFICATION APPARATUS, BIOMASS SACCHARIFICATION APPARATUS, FERMENTATION APPARATUS AND CELLULOSE SACCHARIFICATION METHOD

A fermentation apparatus (A) of the present invention comprising: an enzymatic reactor () for degrading cellulose using a diastatic enzyme, and a first catalytic reactor () for degrading the degradation product produced by the enzymatic reactor () into glucose, using a solid acid catalyst (X). According to this fermentation apparatus (A), saccharification treatment of cellulose can be performed while reducing diastatic enzyme costs. 1. A cellulose saccharification apparatus , comprising:an enzymatic reactor for degrading cellulose using a diastatic enzyme, anda first catalytic reactor for degrading the degradation product produced by the enzymatic reactor into glucose, using a solid acid catalyst.2. The cellulose saccharification apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the diastatic enzyme is a heat-resistant enzyme.3. A biomass saccharification apparatus claim 1 , comprising:a pressurized hot water reactor for selectively degrading hemicellulose contained in biomass by allowing pressurized hot water to act on the biomass,a solid-liquid separator for separating cellulose as a solid from a treated liquid of the pressurized hot water reactor, and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a cellulose saccharification apparatus of for degrading cellulose separated by the solid-liquid separator into glucose.'}4. The biomass saccharification apparatus according to claim 3 , further comprising a second catalytic reactor for degrading a hemicellulose degradation product as the liquid separated by the solid-liquid separator claim 3 , into a hemicellulose-derived monosaccharide claim 3 , using a solid acid catalyst.5. A fermentation apparatus claim 3 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'the biomass saccharification apparatus of ,'}a first fermenter for producing fermentative products from glucose produced by the biomass saccharification apparatus, anda second fermenter for producing fermentative products from a hemicellulose-derived ...

TREATMENT METHOD FOR BIOMASS TO MAXIMIZE SUGAR YIELD, AND ADDITIVE USED IN SAME

Disclosed is a treatment method of biomass to maximize sugar yield, which uses a specific additive which can effectively adsorb lignin-derived compounds and various inhibitors of the enzymatic activity to promote saccharification of cellulose catalyzed by cellulose hydrolases, and thus can maximize sugar yield from pretreated biomass. 1. A treatment method of biomass comprising the steps of:(a) suspending biomass in water or an acidic aqueous solution followed by autohydrolysis or acid pretreatment; and(b) subjecting the suspension obtained in step (a) to enzymatic saccharification,wherein an additive selected from the group consisting of natural silicate mineral, artificial silicate mineral, zirconia, heat-resistant organic polymer, activated carbon, and a mixture thereof is added in at least one step of step (a) and step (b).2. The treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is used in pulverized or powdered form.3. The treatment method of claim 2 , wherein the pulverized or powdered biomass is derived from the group consisting of: agricultural by-products comprising sunflower stalk claim 2 , corn stover claim 2 , bagasse claim 2 , palm residue claim 2 , rice straw claim 2 , barley straw and wheat straw; forest trees and by-products thereof comprising yellow poplar claim 2 , willow claim 2 , spruce; and bioenergy crops comprising miscanthus claim 2 , reed and switchgrass.4. The treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the natural silicate mineral is selected from the group consisting of diatomite claim 1 , Fuller's earth claim 1 , mica claim 1 , zeolite claim 1 , kaolinite claim 1 , talc claim 1 , pyrophyllite claim 1 , sand and a mixture thereof.5. The treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the artificial silicate mineral is a powder or granule prepared by mixing one or more of natural silicate minerals claim 1 , a sintered material prepared by molding the powders followed by sintering at high temperature claim 1 , a synthetic zeolite or a glass bead.6. The ...

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Liquefaction biomass processing with heat recovery

Described are processes that include the non-enzymatic, hydrolytic liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass to form digest slurries and heat recovery from such digest slurries. Due to enhanced flow properties of the digest slurries such heat recovery can be efficiently conducted in spiral, plate and frame or other heat exchanger designs, with the recovered heat going to unit operations of the process such as heating incoming pretreatment media for the liquefaction. Processes can also involve additional hydrolytic digestion of some or all of the initial slurry components with enzyme and/or additional heat recovery from the initial slurry by direct contact heat exchange in which a portion of the digest slurry liquids is flashed to vapor and that vapor is condensed onto incoming lignocellulosic biomass to the process. Processes as described can be integrated into ethanol manufacture by fermentation of sugars from the digested compositions.

Method for producing sugar solution

A method produces a sugar liquid by adding a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to a pretreated product of cellulose to obtain a hydrolysate; adding waste molasses to said hydrolysate to obtain a mixed sugar liquid; and subjecting said mixed sugar liquid to solid-liquid separation and filtering the obtained solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane, to recover the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase as a non-permeate and to obtain a sugar liquid as a permeate.

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed for use in the production of useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use biomass materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to enhance the production of a product, e.g., the production of ethanol and/or butanol by fermentation.

Processing biomass

Provided herein are methods of increasing the efficiency of biomass saccharification. In particular, the methods include ways of avoiding feedback inhibition during the production of useful products.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., by enzymatic saccharification in a continuous, semi-continuous or non-continuous fashion. 1. A method comprising:separating a solid saccharified biomass from a liquid medium, andsaccharifying the solid saccharified biomass.2. The method of wherein the liquid medium comprises enzymes and sugars.3. The method of wherein the solid saccharified biomass is wetted by the liquid medium.4. The method of wherein the solid saccharified biomass and liquid medium are produced by saccharifiying a solid biomass in a liquid.5. The method of wherein the biomass has been treated by a method selected from the group consisting of irradiation claim 4 , sonication claim 4 , oxidation claim 4 , pyrolysis claim 4 , steam explosion and combinations thereof.6. The method wherein the biomass has been treated by irradiation.7. The method of wherein the biomass receives a total dosage of between about 10 and 200 Mrad.8. The method of wherein the solid saccharified biomass and liquid medium are separated by a separator selected from the group consisting of a centrifuge claim 1 , a filtering device claim 1 , a settling tank claim 1 , a porous material claim 1 , a mesh claim 1 , a strainer claim 1 , a vibratory screener claim 1 , a perforated plate or cylinder claim 1 , a sieving device and combinations of these.9. The method of wherein saccharifiying the biomass is completed.10. The method of wherein saccharifiying the biomass is at least 20% completed.11. The method of wherein the biomass is a cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass.12. The method of wherein the biomass is selected form the group consisting of paper claim 11 , paper products claim 11 , paper ...

Production of products from biomass

The processes disclosed herein include saccharifying cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic biomass and fermenting the sugars to produce a sugar alcohol.

Integrated wood processing and sugar production

Provided is a system for localizing and optimizing harvesting of woody biomass by providing a plurality of portable pretreatment units at harvesting or mill sites. The sugars derived from woody waste products can be transported to plants for processing or processing directly by plants located at mill sites to generate biofuels and other chemicals.

EXTRACELLULAR ALDONOLACTONASE

The present disclosure relates to hydrolysis of hexose-δ-lactones by use of an extracellular aldonolactonase. In particular the present disclosure relates to compositions including a extracellular aldonolactonase and methods of use thereof. 1. A method of producing aldonic acid comprising contacting a hexose-δ-lactone substrate with a recombinant polypeptide comprising a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 wherein said polypeptide has lactonase activity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant polypeptide comprises a polypeptide having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant polypeptide comprises a polypeptide having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 2.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is cellobiono-δ-lactone.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is glucono-δ-lactone.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is lactono-δ-lactone.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is cellobiono-δ-lactone.9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is glucono-δ-lactone.10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is lactono-δ-lactone.11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is cellobiono-δ-lactone.12. The method of claim 3 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is glucono-δ-lactone.13. The method of claim 3 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is lactono-δ-lactone.14. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is cellobiono-δ-lactone.15. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is glucono-δ-lactone.16. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hexose-δ-lactone substrate is lactono-δ-lactone. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/813, ...

Processing biomass

Fructose, e.g., fructose derived from a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material, is use, e.g., fermented to produce a product, e.g., a solvent.

Mutant cells for protein secretion and lignocellulose degradation

The present disclosure provides mutant cells for the secretion of proteins and for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Methods for the use of these cells are also provided. Specifically, the utility of combined genetic deletions of β-glucosidases and the catabolite repressor gene creA/cre-1 for protein secretion in fungal and yeast cells is disclosed.

Method for processing vegetable biomass

The present invention relates to an energy-efficient process for the treatment of plant biomass, particularly sugar cane, for the production of carbohydrates and ethanol, using physico-chemical and extraction techniques, as well as very simple milling configurations, thereby minimizing energy consumption during extraction of the cane juice. The biomass treated and obtained through this process, when subjected to a fermentation process for the production of ethanol, increases the yield of the process in comparison with that of traditional sugar cane. It can also be used for the production of enzymes, animal feedstuffs, and other useful products.

ENHANCED CELLODEXTRIN METABOLISM

The present disclosure relates to host cells containing two or more of a recombinant cellodextrin transporter, a recombinant cellodextrin phosphorylase, a recombinant β-glucosidase, a recombinant phosphoglucomutase, or a recombinant hexokinase; and to methods of using such cells for degrading cellodextrin, for producing hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives from cellodextrin, and for reducing ATP consumption during glucose utilization. 1. A method for degrading cellodextrin , comprising:a) providing a host cell comprising a recombinant cellodextrin transporter and a recombinant polypeptide comprising Y-x(2)-G-x-[KR]-E-N-[AG]-[AG]-[IV]-F-x(2)-[ANST]-[NST]-x(2)-[AIV]-x(2)-[AGT]-x(4)-[AG]-x(4)-[ADNS] (SEQ ID NO: 233), Y-Q-[CN]-M-[IV]-T-F-[CN]-[FILMV]-[AS]-RS-[ST]-[AS]-S-[FY]-[FY]-E-[STV]-G-x-[GS]-R-G-[IM]-G-F-R-D-S-[ACNS]-Q-D-[ILV]-[ILMV]-G-x-V-H-x-[IV]-P-[ADEST]-x-[AV]-[KR]-[AEQ]-x-[IL]-[FIL]-D (SEQ ID NO: 14), or G-x(2)-[FY]-x-N-[AGS]-x-[AS]-W-[APS]-V-[IL]-[AS]-x(2)-A-x(2)-[DE]-x-[AI]-x(3)-[LMV]-[DEN]-[ASV]-[ILV]-x(3)-L-x-T-x(2)-G-[ILV]-x(2)-[SV]-x-P-[AG] (SEQ ID NO: 15), wherein the recombinant polypeptide has cellodextrin phosphorylase activity; andb) culturing the host cell in a medium comprising cellodextrin or a source of cellodextrin, whereby cellodextrin is transported into the cell and degraded by said recombinant polypeptide.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that has at least 29% claim 1 , at least 30% claim 1 , at least 35% claim 1 , at least 40% claim 1 , at least 45% claim 1 , at least 50% claim 1 , at least 55% claim 1 , at least 60% claim 1 , at least 65% claim 1 , at least 70% claim 1 , at least 75% claim 1 , at least 80% claim 1 , at least 85% claim 1 , at least 90% claim 1 , at least 95% claim 1 , at least 99% claim 1 , or at least 100% amino acid identity to the amino acid sequence of CDP_Clent claim 1 , CDP_Ctherm claim 1 , or CDP_Acell.5. The method of claim ...

Water soluble and activable phenolics derivatives with dermocosmetic and therapeutic applications and process for preparing said derivatives

The invention relates to the preparation of phenolics derivatives by enzymatic condensation of phenolics selected among pyrocatechol or its derivatives with the glucose moiety of sucrose. The production of said phenolics derivatives is achieved with a glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.5). These O-α-glucosides of selected phenolics are new, have a solubility in water higher than that of their parent polyphenol and have useful applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, such as antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, immune-stimulating, antiallergic, antihypertensive, antiischemic, antiarrythmic, antithrombotic, hypocholesterolemic, antilipoperoxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, antineoplastic, anti-thrombotic and vasodilatory formulations, or in any other field of application.

METHODS FOR CONVERTING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS TO USEFUL PRODUCTS

The present invention provides compositions and methods for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. The present invention further provides for pretreated lignocellulosic material that can be used to produce useful products, such as fermentable sugars. 1. A method for producing a partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material , comprising pretreating a lignocellulosic material with a pretreatment solution comprising about 30% to about 99% by weight alkylene carbonate , about 0.1% to about 5% by weight an acid catalyst , and about 0% to about 20% by weight water , thereby producing a pretreated partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step is carried out at a temperature from about 50° C. to about 150° C.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 120 minutes.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step is carried out at a biomass loading from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the pretreatment solution.710.-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkylene carbonate is present in an amount of about 45% to about 99% claim 1 , the acid catalyst is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the pretreatment solution claim 1 , and water is present in an amount of about 0% to about 5% by weight of the pretreatment solution.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreatment solution further comprises a polyol in an amount from about 1% to about 55%.13. (canceled)14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material has a total recovered lignin content of about 20% of the total lignin in the lignocellulosic material prior to the pretreating step.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step decreases the amount of hemicellulose in the lignocellulosic material by at least 40%.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step ...

Polypeptides Having Cellulolytic Enhancing Activity And Nucleic Acids Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods for producing and using the polypeptides.

ALTERING ENZYME BALANCE THROUGH FERMENTATION CONDITIONS

This present disclosure relates to methods for improved production of proteins from a cell culture, particularly to culture components and conditions that can preferentially increase the expression of proteins produced from genes under the control of xylanase gene promoter sequences. The improved methods can be used for the production of enzyme compositions with enhanced xylanase and hem icellulolytic activity. 124-. (canceled)25. A mixed saccharide composition produced by:a) mixing a glucose solution with a transglycosylating enzyme to give an enzyme-glucose mixture;b) incubating the enzyme-glucose mixture at an elevated temperature of 50° C. to 75° C. for a time sufficient to give a processed glucose mixture comprising at least one oligosaccharide;c) mixing the processed glucose mixture with a pentose to yield the mixed saccharide composition,wherein the transglycosylating enzyme is capable of processing the glucose in the glucose mixture into at least one oligosaccharide, which, when mixed with the pentose of c), is capable of enhancing hemicellulase production without significantly reducing cellulase production by filamentous fungi.26. An enzyme composition produced by:a) mixing a glucose solution with a transglycosylating enzyme to give an enzyme-glucose mixture;b) incubating the enzyme-glucose mixture at an elevated temperature of 50° C. to 75° C. for a time sufficient to give a processed glucose mixture comprising at least one oligosaccharide;c) mixing the processed glucose mixture with a pentose to yield a mixed saccharide composition;d) exposing a filamentous fungi to the mixed saccharide composition under conditions conducive to protein expression to generate the enzyme composition,wherein the transglycosylating enzyme is capable of processing the glucose in the glucose mixture into at least one oligosaccharide, which, when mixed with the pentose of c), is capable of enhancing hemicellulase production without significantly reducing cellulase production by ...

Fungal Endoglucanases, Their Production and Use

Novel fungal endoglucanases Cel5 and Cel12 are disclosed. The endoglucanases are conveniently produced by recombinant technology, and means for their production are described. The endoglucanases are used for treating cellulosic material, especially in textile industry, e.g. in biofinishing or biostoning. They may also be used in detergents, in animal feed and/or in pulp and paper industry, or in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material for, e.g. bioethanol production. 1. A fungal endoglucanase polypeptide , which belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 12 , and which comprises an amino acid sequence having at least at least 83% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68 , or a cellulase active fragment thereof.2Trichoderma.. The endoglucanase polypeptide of claim 1 , which is derived from3. The endoglucanase polypeptide of having at least 90% claim 1 , sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 68 claim 1 , or a cellulase active fragment thereof.4. The endoglucanase polypeptide of claim 3 , having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.5. An isolated polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a) a nucleotide sequence having SEQ ID NO: 67, or a sequence encoding the endoglucanse polypeptide of ,'}b) a complementary strand of a), orc) a sequence that is degenerate as a result of the genetic code to anyone of the sequences of a) or b).6E. coli. The polynucleotide of claim 5 , which is similar to a polynucleotide carried by DSM 19899.7. An expression vector claim 5 , comprising a polynucleotide of .8. A host cell comprising the expression vector of .9. A method for the production of an endoglucanase polypeptide of comprising the steps of transforming a host cell with an expression vector encoding said polypeptide claim 1 , and culturing said host cell under conditions enabling expression of said polypeptide claim 1 , and optionally recovering and purifying said polypeptide.10. An enzyme preparation comprising the endoglucanase ...

PROCESSES FOR EXTRACTING CARBOHYDRATES FROM BIOMASS AND CONVERTING THE CARBOHYDRATES INTO BIOFUELS

A process for extracting carbohydrates from biomass and creating bioalcohol from the extracted carbohydrates. Subjecting the biomass to acid or alkali hydrolysis in a first hydrodynamic cavitation process. Filtering the first cavitated biomass to separate a first filtrate containing extracted carbohydrates. Fermenting the first filtrate to create a bioalcohol and separating the bioalcohol by distillation or similar process. Subjecting the biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis in a second hydrodynamic cavitation process. Filtering the second cavitated biomass to separate a second filtrate containing extracted carbohydrates. Fermenting the second filtrate to create a bioalcohol and separating the bioalcohol by distillation or similar process. The first and second filtrates may be combined and fermented in a single step. 1. A process for extracting carbohydrates from biomass , comprising the steps of:preparing the biomass for extraction of carbohydrates;forming a first biomass solution comprising the prepared biomass, water, and acid or an alkali;subjecting the first biomass solution to a first hydrodynamic cavitation treatment, wherein acid or alkali hydrolysis of the biomass occurs;filtering the first biomass solution into a first filtrate and an intermediate biomass, wherein the first filtrate contains extracted carbohydrates;creating a second biomass solution comprising the intermediate biomass, water and an enzyme source;exposing the second biomass solution to a second hydrodynamic cavitation treatment, wherein enzymatic hydrolysis of the biomass occurs;filtering the second biomass solution into a second filtrate and a filtered biomass, wherein the second filtrate contains extracted carbohydrates.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the preparing step comprises the steps of washing claim 1 , drying claim 1 , chopping and/or grinding the biomass.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of washing and drying the intermediate biomass prior to the step of ...

RECOMBINANT BACILLUS SUBTILIS THAT CAN GROW ON PLANT BIOMASS

In certain embodiments recombinant modified microorganisms (e.g., Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, etc.) are provided that display on their surface a minicellulosome comprising two or more cellulolytic enzymes where the minicellulosome is self-assembled by the microorganism and resulting microorganism is capable of growing on untreated plant biomass (e.g. biomass that is not acid treated and/or enzymatically pre-digested). In certain embodiments the microorganism grows on lignocellulose as the sole carbon source. 2. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein said bacterium grows on untreated plant biomass.3. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein said bacterium grows on lignocellulose as the sole carbon source.4. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein said minicellulosome comprises at least three cellulolytic enzymes and all of said enzymes are encoded by said bacterium.5. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein said protein encoding two or more cohesin domains comprises a secretory signal sequence at the N-terminus and a cell wall sorting signal (CWSS) at the carboxyl terminus.6. The bacterium of claim 5 , wherein said cell wall sorting signal comprises an LPXTG motif.7. The bacterium of claim 5 , wherein said cell wall sorting signal comprises a sequence shown in Table 1.8Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterium of claim 5 , wherein said cell wall sorting signal comprises a CWSS from fibronectin binding protein B.9B. subtilisB. subtilis. The bacterium of claim 5 , wherein said secretory signal sequence comprises a phrC secretory signal or homologues thereof and/or a secretion signal derived from phrC.10. (canceled)11. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein said protein encoding two or more cohesin domains encodes a carbohydrate binding module (CBM).12. (canceled)13. The bacterium of claim 1 ,wherein said two or more cohesin domains are type I cohesin modules.14. (canceled)15. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein{'i': Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Ruminococcus flavefaciens ...

PROCESSES UTILIZING PULP AND PAPER MILL EQUIPMENT FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS TO GLUCOSE

A method for the production of alcohol and other bioproducts hemicelluloses extracted from biomass prior to thermal conversion of the biomass to energy. The process can be integrated with the host plant process to minimize the energy loss from extracting hemicelluloses. Also disclosed is a Stepwise enzymatic break down of cellulose fibers from a pulping operation which is performed with the redeployment of equipment and vessels contained within typical existing pulp and paper manufacturing mills. The preferred feedstock is highly delignified pulp from acid or alkaline pulping process or from bleaching stage. 124-. (canceled)25. A process that utilizes pulp and paper mill equipment to enzymatically hydrolyze cellulose to glucose , said process comprising:(a) providing a cellulose-containing pulp at a starting solids concentration from 3% to 12% by weight;(b) providing an enzyme formulation comprising cellulase enzymes;(c) mechanically mixing a first amount of said pulp with a first amount of said enzyme formulation, to promote enzyme contact with cellulose fibers in said pulp;(d) hydrolyzing said cellulose fibers in a retention tank, while maintaining mixing, to produce a partially hydrolyzed pulp suspension, wherein from 25% to 50% of said pulp by weight is hydrolyzed;(e) concentrating or diluting said partially hydrolyzed pulp suspension to a suspension solids concentration from 3% to 12% by weight;(f) introducing a second amount of said enzyme formulation to said partially hydrolyzed pulp suspension, to maintain hydrolysis activity;(g) introducing a second amount of said pulp to said partially hydrolyzed pulp suspension, to adjust said suspension solids concentration and to increase glucose production; and(h) removing unhydrolyzed solids from said partially hydrolyzed pulp suspension, to produce a sugar solution comprising glucose,wherein at least one of steps (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), or (h) utilizes pulp and paper mill equipment.26. The process of claim 25 , ...

EXPRESSION OF BETA-GLUCOSIDASES FOR HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSE AND ASSOCIATED OLIGOMERS

The present invention provides for heterologous expression of beta-glucosidase (BGL) polypeptides encoded by or in host cells, such as the yeast . The expression in such host cells of the corresponding genes, and variants and combinations thereof, result in improved specific activity of the expressed BGL. Thus, such genes and expression systems are useful for efficient and cost-effective consolidated bioprocessing systems. 1Humicola griseaH. griseaCandida wickerhamiiC. wickerhamiiAspergillus aculeatusA. aculeatusAspergillus oryzaeA. oryzaePenicillium decumbensP. decumbensChaetomium globosumC. globosumNeocallimastix frontalisN. frontalisDebaryomyces hanseniiD. hanseniiKluyveromyces marxianusK. marxianusPhytophthora infestansP. infestans. A recombinant yeast host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding a heterologous beta-glucosidase (BGL) or fragment thereof , wherein the heterologous BGL is a () BGL , () BGL , () BGL , () BGL , () BGL , () BGL , () BGL , () BGL , () BGL , or () BGL.2. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide is at least 90% 95 or 100% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3 claim 1 , 6 claim 1 , 9 claim 1 , 12 claim 1 , 15 claim 1 , 18 claim 1 , 21 claim 1 , 24 claim 1 , 27 claim 1 , 30 or 31-40.34-. (canceled)5. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide encodes a heterologous BGL having (i) an amino acid sequence at least 90% or at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 claim 1 , 4 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , 13 claim 1 , 16 claim 1 , 19 claim 1 , 22 claim 1 , 25 or 28 claim 1 , or (ii) an amino acid sequence at least 90% or at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 claim 1 , 4 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , 13 claim 1 , 16 claim 1 , 19 claim 1 , 22 claim 1 , 25 or 28 without the signal peptide.6. (canceled)7. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the fragment of the BGL is a BGL signal peptide.8. The host cell of claim 7 , wherein the signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence at least 90% ...

HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF FUNGAL CELLOBIOHYDROLASE 2 GENES IN YEAST

The present invention provides for heterologous expression of polypeptides encoded by wild-type and codon-optimized cbh2 genes from the organisms , and sp. in host cells, such as the yeast . The expression in such host cells of the corresponding genes, and variants and combinations thereof, result in improved specific activity of the expressed cellobiohydrolases. Thus, such genes and expression systems are useful for efficient and cost-effective consolidated bioprocessing systems. 169-. (canceled)70. A polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid which encodes a cellobiohydrolase , or domains , variants or a functional fragments thereof , wherein said nucleic acid is codon-optimized for expression in an heterologous yeast host cell and wherein the cellobiohydrolase has an amino acid sequence at least about 80% of the SEQ ID NO: 11 , SEQ ID NO: 12 , SEQ ID NO: 13 , SEQ ID NO: 14 or SEQ ID NO: 15.71. The polynucleotide of claim 70 , wherein the domains of the cellobiohydrolase is a cellobiohydrolase signal peptide.72. The polynucleotide of claim 71 , wherein the signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 23 claim 71 , SEQ ID NO: 25 claim 71 , SEQ ID NO: 28 claim 71 , SEQ ID NO: 31 claim 71 , and SEQ ID NO: 34.73. The polynucleotide of claim 70 , wherein the domain of the cellobiohydrolase is a cellobiohydrolase cellulose-binding module (CBM).74. The polynucleotide of claim 73 , wherein the CBM comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 26 claim 73 , SEQ ID NO: 29 claim 73 , SEQ ID NO: 32 claim 73 , SEQ ID NO: 35 claim 73 , and SEQ ID NO: 36.75. The polynucleotide of claim 70 , wherein the domains of the cellobiohydrolase is a GH family 6 domain.76. The polynucleotide of claim 75 , wherein the GH family 6 domain comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 22 claim 75 , SEQ ID NO: 24 claim 75 , SEQ ID NO: 27 claim 75 , SEQ ID NO: 30 claim 75 , ...

Method of preparing seaweed-derived galactose using agarase

Provided is a method of preparing galactose by enzymatic treatment of a red algae residue. The method of preparing galactose comprises: preparing a residue; treating the residue with an enzyme; concentrating the enzyme treated residue containing sugar mixture, and precipitating and particulating galactose by adding an alcohol to the concentrated sugar mixture. The preparation method according to the present invention provides a technique capable of industrially producing a substantial amount of galactose which is utilized as an important intermediate material in the preparation of biochemical materials.

METHOD FOR PREPARING TAGATOSE FROM RESIDUE AFTER EXTRACTING COFFEE

The present invention relates to a method for preparing tagatose from residue after extracting coffee, comprising: obtaining a hydrolysate by hydrolyzing residue after extracting coffee into acid; obtaining a hydrolysate refined by decolorization and ion-refining the obtained hydrolysate; and obtaining tagatose by isomerizing the refined hydrolysate to an arabinose isomerase. 116-. (canceled)17. A method for preparing tagatose from spent coffee grounds , comprising:hydrolyzing spent coffee grounds with an acid to obtain a hydrolysate,decolorization and ion refining the resulting hydrolysate to obtain a refined hydrolysate, andisomerizing the refined hydrolysate with an L-arabinose isomerase to obtain tagatose.18. The method for preparing tagatose from spent coffee grounds according to claim 17 , further comprising subjecting spent coffee grounds to hot water extraction to obtain a hot water extract claim 17 , before hydrolyzing spent coffee grounds.19. The method for preparing tagatose from spent coffee grounds according to claim 18 , wherein the hot water extraction comprises adding water in amounts of 2 to 6 times the weight of spent coffee grounds claim 18 , and then maintaining the mass at a temperature of 25° C. to 180° C. for 1 hour to 24 hours.20. The method for preparing tagatose from spent coffee grounds according to claim 17 , wherein the arabinose content in the spent coffee grounds is less than 10 wt % based on the total saccharide content.21. The method for preparing tagatose from spent coffee grounds according to claim 17 , wherein the acid hydrolysis is performed by adding the acid in amounts of 0.25 wt % to 10 wt % based on the total volume of the hot water extract or the water added spent coffee grounds claim 17 , and reacting the mass at 100° C. to 150° C. for 1 minute to 6 hours.22. The method for preparing tagatose from spent coffee grounds according to claim 21 , wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid claim 21 , sulfuric acid or nitric acid.23. ...

Polypeptides Having Laccase Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having laccase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Engineered multifunctional enzymes and methods of use

Provided are certain glycosyl hydrolase family 3 (GH3) beta-xylosidases engineered to acquire beta-glucosidase activities. Provided also are compositions comprising such multi-functional GH3 enzymes and methods of use or industrial applications thereof.

METHOD OF PRODUCING SACCHARIDES HAVING GLUCOSE AS MAJOR COMPONENT

A method of efficiently producing saccharides having glucose as the major component by inexpensively suppressing the non-productive adsorption of the enzyme to lignin is provided. The method of producing saccharides includes: a first step of preparing a water-soluble protein by adding at least any one of an animal protein and a vegetable protein to an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution to react with each other; a second step of adding the water-soluble protein to a slurry including a biomass; and a third step of producing saccharides having glucose as a major component by adding a degrading enzyme to the slurry for at least any one of a cellulose or a hemicellulose included in the biomass to be degraded by the degrading enzyme simultaneously with addition of the water-soluble protein to the slurry or after addition of the water-soluble protein. 1. A method of producing saccharides comprising:a first step of preparing a water-soluble protein by adding at least any one of an animal protein and a vegetable protein to an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution to react with each other;a second step of adding the water-soluble protein to a slurry including a biomass; anda third step of producing saccharides having glucose as a major component by adding a degrading enzyme to the slurry for at least any one of a cellulose or a hemicellulose included in the biomass to be degraded by the degrading enzyme simultaneously with addition of the water-soluble protein to the slurry or after addition of the water-soluble protein to the slurry.2. The method of producing saccharides according to claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or a concentration of the aqueous calcium hydroxide solution is 0.05 mol/L to 1 mol/L.3. The method of producing saccharides according to claim 1 , wherein an addition amount of the at least any one of the animal protein and the vegetable protein ...

NOVEL B-1,3-1,6-ENDOGLUCANASE PRODUCING, FROM B-GLUCAN, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR GLUCOSE

The present invention relates to a novel β-1,3-1,6-endoglucanase producing, from β-glucan, oligosaccharides or glucose. More specifically, the present invention provides an effect of producing oligosaccharides or glucose of various degrees of polymerization in high yields by using a β-1,3-1,6-endoglucanase exhibiting β-1,3-endoglucanase and ββ-1,6-endoglucanase activity on β-glucan and exhibiting transglycosylation activity on laminarioligosaccharide. 1. A composition for producing an oligosaccharide or glucose , comprising:a β-1,3-1,6-endoglucanase represented by the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1,wherein the β-1,3-1,6-endoglucanase uses one or more selected from the group consisting of laminarin, pustulan and a laminarioligosaccharide as a substrate.2Saccharophagus degradans. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the β-1 claim 1 ,3-1 claim 1 ,6-endoglucanase is derived from 2-40.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the β-1 claim 1 ,3-1 claim 1 ,6-endoglucanase is obtained from host cells transformed with a recombinant vector comprising a gene encoding the β-1 claim 1 ,3-1 claim 1 ,6-endoglucanase claim 1 , or a culture thereof.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the gene is represented by the base sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the laminarioligosaccharide is any one of laminarioligosaccharides having degrees of polymerization of 2 to 6.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oligosaccharide produced by the β-1 claim 1 ,3-1 claim 1 ,6-endoglucanase includes any one of a laminarioligosaccharide and a gentio-oligosaccharide.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the laminarioligosaccharide is any one of laminarioligosaccharides having degrees of polymerization of 2 to 17.8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the laminarioligosaccharide is any one of laminarioligosaccharides having degrees of polymerization of 2 to 6.9. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the gentio-oligosaccharide is any one ...

PROCESS FOR RECOVERING HIGHER SUGAR FROM BIOMASS

An advantageous process for pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysable polysaccharide enriched biomass with reduced amount of inhibitors of catalysis comprising steps of: providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass; chopping of cellulosic biomass to have a cellulosic biomass feed material of uniform size; feeding of uniform sized feed material to a horizontal counter current extraction unit; removing excess of water from the feed material obtained from the extraction unit; soaking the extruded feed material obtained from the extraction unit; optionally removing excess of water from the feed material obtained after acid soaking; steam pre-treating the feed material obtained after removing excess of water from the acid soaked feed material; neutralizing the slurry obtained from the steam pre-treating; and optionally saccharifying the neutralized slurry. 1. A process for pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysable polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising steps of:a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;b) chopping of cellulosic biomass using knife-mill to have a cellulosic biomass feed material of size in the range of 1 mm to 40 mm;c) feeding of feed material obtained from the preceding step b) in to a horizontal counter current extraction unit through one end;d) removing excess of water from the feed material obtained from the preceding step c);e) soaking the feed material obtained from the preceding step d);f) optionally removing excess of water from the feed material obtained from preceding step e);g) steam pre-treating the feed material obtained from the preceding step f);h) neutralizing the slurry obtained from the preceding step g); andi) optionally saccharifying the neutralized slurry obtained from the preceding step h).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in step c) a hot water is simultaneously introduced in to a horizontal counter current extraction unit from the other end.3. The process as claimed in ...

PROCESS FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL AND FERMENTATION OF SUGARS

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a sugar and/or fermentation product from lignocellulosic material. 1. A process for preparation of a sugar product from lignocellulosic material , comprising:a) optionally, pretreatment of the lignocellulosic material;b) optionally, washing of the optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material;c) fed-batch addition of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material to a first container that comprises an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases;d) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material in the first container using the enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to liquefy the lignocellulosic material;e) addition of the liquefied lignocellulosic material to a second container;f) enzymatic hydrolysis of the liquefied lignocellulosic material in the second container using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to obtain a sugar product; andg) optionally, recovery of the sugar product.2. A process for preparation of a fermentation product from lignocellulosic material , comprising:a) optionally, pretreatment of the lignocellulosic material;b) optionally, washing of the optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material;c) fed-batch addition of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material to a first container that comprises an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases;d) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material in the first container using the enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to liquefy the lignocellulosic material;e) addition of the liquefied lignocellulosic material to a second container;f) enzymatic hydrolysis of the liquefied lignocellulosic material in the second container using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to obtain a hydrolysed ...

COTTON TEXTILE WASTE FABRIC USED AS A BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUGAR

Cotton-containing textiles, such as “trash” feedstock in terms of end-of-life-cotton textiles, may be used to produce sugar without the same kinds of harsh pretreatments used for other biomasses, such as corn, grass sources, or wood. Disclosed is a process for production of sugar from a cotton-containing textile waste fabric comprising optionally mechanically pretreating the cotton-containing textile, pretreating the cotton-containing textile with an acid pretreatment to form a slurry, cooling the slurry, adding at least one base to the slurry, adding at least one additional acid to the slurry to form a buffer in situ, adding a hydrolysis enzyme, and optionally filtering the slurry. 1. A process for production of sugar from a cotton-containing textile , comprising:a. optionally mechanically pretreating the cotton-containing textile, wherein mechanical pretreatment comprises breaking down the cotton-containing textile;b. pretreating the cotton-containing textile with an acid pretreatment at elevated temperature to form a cotton slurry;c. cooling the cotton slurry from (b);d. adding at leasase to the slurry from (c);e. adding at least one additional acid to the slurry from (d) to form a buffer in situ;f. adding at least one hydrolysis enzyme to the buffered slurry from (e) to initiate enzymatic hydrolysis of the slurry; andg. optionally filtering the slurry from (f) to separate hydrolysate from residual cotton powder.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid pretreatment comprises adding at least one weak acid.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one weak acid comprises phosphoric acid.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one base comprises a strong base.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one base comprises sodium hydroxide.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrolysis enzyme is a combination of cellulase and β-glucosidase.7. The process according to claim 1 , ...

IMPROVED GRANULAR STARCH CONVERSION ENZYMES AND METHODS

Described are methods and compositions relating to granular starch-converting glucoamylases and α-amylases. The enzymes can be used to perform enzymatic starch hydrolysis of granular starch at or below the gelatinization temperature of insoluble granular starch. 1. A method for processing granular starch comprising:contacting a slurry comprising granular starch with an α-amylase and a granular starch-converting glucoamylase, at a temperature at or below the gelatinization temperature of the granular starch, to produce saccharides fermentable by a fermenting organism; wherein the granular starch-converting glucoamylase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-20, or at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to an active fragment, thereof.2Trichoderma reesei. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the slurry with the α-amylase and the granular starch-converting glucoamylase results in increased starch conversion compared to contacting the same slurry with the same α-amylase and glucoamylase from (TrGA) having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.3Trichoderma reesei. The method of or claim 1 , wherein contacting the slurry with the α-amylase and the granular starch-converting glucoamylase results in increased glucose release compared to contacting the same slurry with the same α-amylase and glucoamylase from (TrGA) having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.4Trichoderma reesei. The method of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein contacting the slurry with the α-amylase and the granular starch-converting glucoamylase results in increased total glucose equivalents compared to contacting the same slurry with the same α-amylase and glucoamylase from (TrGA) having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.5Trichoderma reesei. The method of claim 4 , wherein the increased total glucose equivalents is at least 5% higher claim 4 , and preferably at least 10% higher claim 4 , compared to the ...

POLYPEPTIDES HAVING GLUCOAMYLASE ACTIVITY AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES ENCODING SAME

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. 1. A nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a polypeptide having glucoamylase activity and at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acids 22 to 616 of SEQ ID NO: 2 operably linked to one or more heterologous control sequences that direct the production of the polypeptide in an expression host.2. A recombinant expression vector comprising the nucleic acid construct of .3. A recombinant host cell comprising the nucleic acid construct of .4. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a fungal host cell.5. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell.6Candida cell, Hansenula cell, Kluyveromyces cell, Pichia cell, Saccharomyces cell, SchizosaccharomycesYarrowia. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell selected from the group consisting of a cell claim 3 , and a cell.7Saccharomyces diastaticusSaccharomyces douglasiiSaccharomyces kluyveriSaccharomyces norbensisSaccharomyces oviformis. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell selected from the group consisting of a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , and a cell.8Kluyveromyces lacticYarrowia lipolytica. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a cell or a call.9Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a cell.10. A method of producing a polypeptide having glucoamylase activity and at least 70% sequence identity to amino acids 22 to 616 of SEQ ID NO: 2 claim 3 , comprising:(a) cultivating a host cell comprising a nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive ...

Polypeptides Having Cellulolytic Enhancing Activity And Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity, catalytic domains, cellulose binding domains and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains or cellulose binding domains. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains or cellulose binding domains. 120-. (canceled)21. A nucleic acid construct , comprising a polynucleotide encoding a GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity , wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to one or more heterologous control sequences that direct the production of the GH61 polypeptide in a recombinant host cell , and wherein the GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity is selected from the group consisting of:(a) a GH61 polypeptide having at least 95% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4;(b) a GH61 polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under very high stringency conditions with the full-length complement of the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or the cDNA sequence of the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, wherein the very high stringency conditions are defined as prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 50% formamide, for 12 to 24 hours, and washing three times each for 15 minutes using 2×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 70° C.; and(c) a GH61 polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 95% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or the cDNA sequence of the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.22. The nucleic acid construct of claim 21 , wherein the GH61 polypeptide has at least 95% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4.23. The nucleic acid construct of claim 21 , wherein the GH61 ...

BETA-GLUCOSIDASE AND USES THEREOF

The application relates to a polypeptide having beta-glucosidase activity, its method of production and its uses. 1. A variant polypeptide comprising a substitution at a position corresponding to position 562 of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 , wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-glucosidase activity.2. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , which is a variant of a parent polypeptide which has beta-glucosidase activity and which comprises at least 60% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.3. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , which comprises at least 60% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.4. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the position corresponding to position 562 is substituted to K.5. A variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , which comprises substitution T562K.6. A polynucleotide which encodes the variant polypeptide according to .7. A nucleic acid construct or vector comprising the polynucleotide according to .8. A host cell comprising the polynucleotide according to or a nucleic acid construct or a vector comprising said polynucleotide.9. A host cell according to claim 8 , wherein the cell is a fungal cell.10. A method of producing a variant polypeptide according to claim 1 , which method comprises:a) cultivating a host cell under conditions conducive to the production of the variant polypeptide, andb) optionally, recovering the variant polypeptide.11. A composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(i) a variant polypeptide according to , and'}(ii) a cellulase and/or a hemicellulase and/or a pectinase.12. A composition according to claim 11 , wherein the cellulase is selected from the group consisting of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase claim 11 , a cellobiohydrolase I claim 11 , a cellobiohydrolase II claim 11 , an endo-beta-1 claim 11 ,4-glucanase claim 11 , a beta-glucosidase and a beta-(1 claim 11 ,3)(1 claim 11 ,4)-glucanase or any combination ...

METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL AND A FERMENTED, SOLID PRODUCT

The invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of a fermented, solid product and ethanol comprising the following steps: 1) providing a mixture of milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water; 2) fermenting the mixture resulting from step (1) under conditions where the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight, for 1-36 hours at a temperature of about 25-60°C. under anaerobic conditions; 3) incubating the fermented mixture resulting from step (2) for 0.5-240 minutes at a temperature of about 70-150°C.; and 4) separating wet fermented, solid product from the fermented mixture resulting from step (3); further comprising either a) that the fermentation in step (2) is performed in one or more interconnected paddle worm or continuous worm conveyers with inlet means for the fermentation mixture and additives and outlet means for the ferment as well as control means for rotation speed, temperature and pH, or b) that one or more processing aids are added in any of steps (1), (2) and (3) and further comprising a step of 5) separating crude ethanol from the fermented mixture in step (2) by vacuum and/or in step (3) by vacuum or by injection of steam and condensing the surplus stripping steam. The invention further relates to the products of this method as well as uses thereof. 125-. (canceled)26. A fermented , solid protein product obtained from a biomass by a process comprising:(1) providing an initial mixture of a milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising proteins and oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides, and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water, wherein the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight of the initial mixture;(2) adding one or more processing aids to the mixture prior to fermenting,(3) fermenting the mixture for 1- ...

IMPROVED GRANULAR STARCH CONVERSION ENZYMES AND METHODS

Described are methods and compositions relating to granular starch-converting glucoamylases and α-amylases. The enzymes can be used to perform enzymatic starch hydrolysis of granular starch at or below the gelatinization temperature of insoluble granular starch. 1. A method for processing granular starch comprising:contacting a slurry comprising granular starch with a granular starch-converting α-amylase and a granular starch-converting glucoamylase, at a temperature at or below the gelatinization temperature of the granular starch, to produce saccharides fermentable by a fermenting organism, wherein:(a) the granular starch-converting α-amylase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 22, or at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to an active fragment, thereof, and the granular starch-converting glucoamylase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 18, 16, 4, 13, 8, 3, 7, 19, 17, 5 or 12, or at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to an active fragment, thereof;(b) the granular starch-converting glucoamylase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 18, 13, 16, 20, 8, 19, or 4, or at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to an active fragment, thereof;(c) the granular starch-converting α-amylase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28, or at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to an active fragment, thereof, and the granular starch-converting glucoamylase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 18, 8, 16, or 13, or at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to an active fragment, thereof;(d) the granular starch-converting α-amylase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34, or at least 85% ...

USING DISSOLVED OXYGEN TO INHIBIT LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION DURING PROPAGATION OF YEAST AND/OR HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Embodiments of the present disclosure involve systems and methods that inhibit the production of lactic acid during propagation of yeast and/or during hydrolysis of cellulose by including a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen. 1. A method of treating lignocellulosic biomass , wherein the method comprises converting cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide in the presence of an amount of oxygen that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide comprises providing an aqueous slurry comprising:a) the lignocellulosic biomass that comprises the cellulose;b) one or more enzymes that can convert the cellulose into the oligosaccharide and/or the monosaccharide; andc) dissolved oxygen in an amount that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide comprises:a) forming an aqueous slurry comprising the lignocellulosic biomass that comprises the cellulose, one or more enzymes that can convert the cellulose into the oligosaccharide and/or the monosaccharide; and dissolved oxygen in an amount that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria;b) maintaining the aqueous slurry at a pH and temperature for a time period to convert at least a portion of the cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide in the presence of an amount of oxygen that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved oxygen is present in the aqueous slurry in an amount of at least 11 milligrams of dissolved oxygen per liter of slurry.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein lactic acid is present in an amount from 0 to 150 milligrams lactic acid per liter of slurry.6. The method of ...

Cellulolytic enzyme compositions and uses thereof

The present invention relates to recombinant filamentous fungal host cells producing cellulolytic enzyme compositions and methods of producing and using the compositions. 123-. (canceled)24Aspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatusPenicillium. An enzyme composition comprising: (a) an cellobiohydrolase I; (b) an cellobiohydrolase II; (c) an beta-glucosidase or a variant thereof; and (d) a sp. GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity; or homologs thereof;{'i': 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'wherein the cellobiohydrolase I or homolog thereof is selected from the group consisting of(i) a cellobiohydrolase I comprising amino acids 27 to 532 of SEQ ID NO: 2;(ii) a cellobiohydrolase I comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to amino acids 27 to 532 of SEQ ID NO: 2;(iii) a cellobiohydrolase I encoded by a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to nucleotides 79 to 1596 of SEQ ID NO: 1; and(iv) a cellobiohydrolase I encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under high stringency conditions with the full-length complement of nucleotides 79 to 1596 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein high stringency conditions are defined as prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 50% formamide, and washing three times each for 15 minutes using 2×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 65° C.;{'i': 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'wherein the cellobiohydrolase II or homolog thereof is selected from the group consisting of(i) a cellobiohydrolase II comprising amino acids 20 to 454 of SEQ ID NO: 4;(ii) a cellobiohydrolase II comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to amino acids 20 to 454 of SEQ ID NO: 4;(iii) a cellobiohydrolase II encoded by a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to nucleotides 58 to 1700 of SEQ ID NO: 3; and(iv) a cellobiohydrolase II ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS PELLETS AND SUGARS

In this disclosure, a process for producing biomass pellets and sugars from cellulosic biomass is provided, comprising: extracting the feedstock with steam and/or hot water and optionally with an acid catalyst, to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and lignin; separating the cellulose-rich solids from the extract liquor; filtering the extract liquor to remove at least some of the lignin, thereby generating a filter permeate comprising cleaned extract liquor containing the hemicellulosic oligomers and a filter retentate comprising a lignin-rich stream; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers in the cleaned extract liquor with an acid or enzymes, to generate hemicellulosic monomers which are recovered; and pelletizing the cellulose-rich solids to form biomass pellets, wherein the pelletizing utilizes at least some of the lignin-rich stream as a binder or binder component. 1. A process for producing biomass pellets and sugars from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) extracting said feedstock with steam and/or hot water under effective extraction conditions and optionally with an acid catalyst, to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and lignin;(c) separating said cellulose-rich solids from said extract liquor;(d) filtering said extract liquor to remove at least some of said lignin, thereby generating a filter permeate comprising cleaned extract liquor containing said hemicellulosic oligomers and a filter retentate comprising a lignin-rich stream;(e) hydrolyzing said hemicellulosic oligomers in said cleaned extract liquor with an acid or enzymes, to generate hemicellulosic monomers;(f) recovering said hemicellulosic monomers; and(g) pelletizing said cellulose-rich solids to form biomass pellets, wherein said pelletizing utilizes at least some of said lignin-rich stream from step (d) as a binder or ...

Cellobiohydrolase Variants and Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to cellobiohydrolase variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of producing and using the variants. 1. A cellobiohydrolase variant , comprising a substitution at one or more positions corresponding to positions 112 , 154 , 197 , 228 , 261 , 306 , and 375 of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 , wherein the variant has cellobiohydrolase activity.2. The variant of claim 1 , which has at least 60% claim 1 , at least 65% claim 1 , at least 70% claim 1 , at least 75% claim 1 , at least 80% claim 1 , at least 81% claim 1 , at least 82% claim 1 , at least 83% claim 1 , at least 84% claim 1 , at least 85% claim 1 , at least 86% claim 1 , at least 87% claim 1 , at least 88% claim 1 , at least 89% claim 1 , at least 90% claim 1 , at least 95% claim 1 , at least 96% claim 1 , at least 97% claim 1 , at least 98% claim 1 , or at least 99% claim 1 , but less than 100% claim 1 , sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of a parent cellobiohydrolase.3. The variant of claim 1 , which is a variant of a parent cellobiohydrolase selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 4 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 6 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 8 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 10 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 12 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 14 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 16 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 18 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 20 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 22 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 24 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 26 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 28 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 30 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 32 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 34 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 36 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 38 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 40 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 42 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 44 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 46 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 48 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 50 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 52 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 54 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 56 claim 1 , SEQ ID ...

Polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and polynucleotides encoding same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. 1. An isolated polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity , selected from the group consisting of:(a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2;(b) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under high stringency conditions with (i) the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, (ii) the cDNA sequence contained in the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or (iii) a full-length complementary strand of (i) or (ii);(c) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 80% identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; and(d) a variant comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion of one or more (several) amino acids of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.2. The polypeptide of claim 1 , comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; or a fragment thereof having cellulolytic enhancing activity.3E. coli. The polypeptide of claim 1 , which is encoded by the polynucleotide contained in plasmid pGEM-T-GH61 D23Y4 which is contained in DSM 22882.4. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes the polypeptide of .5. A method of producing the polypeptide of claim 1 , comprising: (a) cultivating a cell claim 1 , which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide claim 1 , under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide.6. A method of producing a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity claim 4 , comprising: (a) cultivating ...

Method for utilizing biomasses

The present invention relates to utilization of bio-based materials. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for utilization of grain based raw materials, wherein the method also comprises a versatile use of the side streams or by-products of the process. The method produces a wet fiber cake for combustion, wherein said wet fiber cake provides excellent burn values, low emission values and low amount of residual ash. 1. A method for utilizing oat hulls , comprising the steps of:hydrolysing the oat hulls to obtain a hydrolysate;separating the hydrolysate to a liquid fraction and to a solid fraction;washing and optionally pressing the solid fraction to obtain a wet fiber cake having a DS (dry solids) content of 40 to 90%;recovering the liquid fraction to obtain a carbohydrate-containing liquid fraction;recovering the wet fiber cake; andutilizing the wet fiber cake as an energy source by combustion.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake has a DS content of 50-70%.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis is carried out by employing acid hydrolysis claim 1 , followed by pH adjustment with a base.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is washed with water before the recovering the wet fiber cake.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake contains at least 20% less salts than the oat hull starting material claim 1 , on a dry matter basis.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is essentially hemicellulose-free.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed with dry fractions of dry hulls or dry fine solids of grains before combustion.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed with said dry fractions to obtain a mixture of the wet fiber cake and the dry fractions claim 7 , wherein the mixture has a DS content of 50-85%.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed ...

METHOD FOR SACCHARIFICATION OF BIOMASS

A method for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass, the method comprising (1) a pretreatment step of impregnating lignocellulosic biomass with an aqueous alkali solution, subjecting the resultant mixture to solid-liquid separation to remove part of the aqueous alkali solution, and then performing heat treatment, and (2) a saccharification step of enzymatically degrading the lignocellulosic biomass resulting from the pretreatment step to obtain a saccharified liquid can be applied to high-lignin lignocellulosic biomass, reduce the usage of alkali and water in the pretreatment step, increase the sugar yield in the saccharification step, decrease the reaction time, reduce enzyme adsorption on a biomass residue, and improve the enzyme recovery rate. 1. A method for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass , the method comprising (1) a pretreatment step of impregnating lignocellulosic biomass with an aqueous alkali solution , subjecting the resultant mixture to solid-liquid separation to remove part of the aqueous alkali solution , and then performing heat treatment , and (2) a saccharification step of enzymatically degrading the lignocellulosic biomass resulting from the pretreatment step to obtain a saccharified liquid.2. The saccharification method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the mixture as calculated by Formula (I) is 2 to 20 before solid-liquid separation and 1 to 6 after solid-liquid separation in the pretreatment step.{'br': None, 'Liquid-solid ratio=(total mass of all liquid components in mixture)/(mass of solid matter of lignocellulosic biomass in mixture)\u2003\u2003Formula (I)'}3. The saccharification method according to claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment in the pretreatment step is performed at 100 to 200° C.4. The saccharification method according to claim 1 , wherein the saccharification step is performed in the presence of solubilized lignocellulosic biomass that is a pretreatment-degradation product resulting from ...

GH61 Polypeptide Variants and Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to GH61 polypeptide variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants. 1. A GH61 polypeptide variant , comprising a substitution at one or more positions corresponding to positions 105 , 154 , 188 , 189 , 216 , and 229 of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 30 , wherein the variant has cellulolytic enhancing activity.2. The variant of claim 1 , which has at least 60% claim 1 , at least 65% claim 1 , at least 70% claim 1 , at least 75% claim 1 , at least 80% claim 1 , at least 81% claim 1 , at least 82% claim 1 , at least 83% claim 1 , at least 84% claim 1 , at least 85% claim 1 , at least 86% claim 1 , at least 87% claim 1 , at least 88% claim 1 , at least 89% claim 1 , at least 90% claim 1 , at least 95% claim 1 , at least 96% claim 1 , at least 97% claim 1 , at least 98% claim 1 , or at least 99% claim 1 , but less than 100% claim 1 , sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of a parent GH61 polypeptide.3. The variant of any of claims 1 , which is a variant of a parent GH61 polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 claims 1 , 4 claims 1 , 6 claims 1 , 8 claims 1 , 10 claims 1 , 12 claims 1 , 14 claims 1 , 16 claims 1 , 18 claims 1 , 20 claims 1 , 22 claims 1 , 24 claims 1 , 26 claims 1 , 28 claims 1 , 30 claims 1 , 32 claims 1 , 34 claims 1 , 36 claims 1 , 38 claims 1 , 40 claims 1 , 42 claims 1 , 44 claims 1 , 46 claims 1 , 48 claims 1 , 50 claims 1 , 52 claims 1 , 54 claims 1 , 56 claims 1 , 58 claims 1 , 60 claims 1 , 62 claims 1 , 64 claims 1 , 66 claims 1 , 68 claims 1 , 70 claims 1 , 72 claims 1 , 74 claims 1 , 76 claims 1 , 78 claims 1 , 80 claims 1 , 82 claims 1 , 84 claims 1 , 86 claims 1 , 88 claims 1 , 90 claims 1 , 92 claims 1 , 94 claims 1 , 96 claims 1 , 98 ...

Enhancement of Lignocellulose Saccharification Via A Low Temperature Ionic Liquid Pre-Treatment Scheme

A method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass having a lignin component, a hemicellulose component, and a cellulose component, for conversion to sugar is disclosed. Also disclosed is the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass resulting from the method. 1. A method of pretreating lignocellulosic biomass having a lignin component , a hemicellulose component , and a cellulose component , for conversion to sugar , the method comprising:contacting the biomass with an oxidizing agent at a first temperature for a first period of time sufficient to at least partially remove or decompose the lignin component, thereby producing LOX biomass;contacting the LOX biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) at a second temperature for a second period of time, thereby producing a first mixture comprising IL and LOX biomass;contacting the first mixture with a solvent, thereby producing a second mixture comprising LOXIL-treated biomass and solvent, wherein the IL is substantially soluble in the solvent and at least one of the cellulose component or the hemicellulose component is substantially insoluble in the solvent; andseparating the LOXIL-treated biomass from the solvent to produce pretreated lignocellulosic biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises poplar claim 1 , corn stover claim 1 , switchgrass claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating comprises mixing the second mixture so as to precipitate the LOXIL-treated biomass from the IL.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising washing the precipitated LOXIL-treated biomass with the solvent so as to displace the IL.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising removing liquid from the precipitated LOXIL-treated biomass through filtration.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of contacting the second mixture with an acid catalyst to hydrolyze at least one of the hemicellulose component or the cellulose component.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

Methods for Degrading or Converting Cellulosic Material

The present invention provides methods for degrading or converting a cellulosic material using an enzyme composition in the presence of a reducing agent. The present invention also provides methods for producing a fermentation product and methods of fermenting a cellulosic material using an enzyme composition in the presence of a reducing agent. 1. A method for degrading or converting a cellulosic material , comprising treating the cellulosic material with an enzyme composition in the presence of a reducing agent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is selected from a sulfur-containing reducing agent claim 1 , and a hydride; preferably claim 1 , the sulfur-containing reducing agent is selected from sulfur oxyanion claim 1 , sulfur oxide claim 1 , sulfhydryl reagent claim 1 , sulphur (S) claim 1 , and sulfide; more preferably claim 1 , the sulfur oxyanion is selected from sulfur(IV) oxyanion claim 1 , sulfur(III) oxyanion claim 1 , sulfur(II) oxyanion claim 1 , and thiosulfate (SO); most preferably the sulfur(IV) oxyanion is selected from metabisulfite claim 1 , bisulfite claim 1 , sulphite; sulfur(III) oxyanion is dithionite.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a final concentration of the reducing agent in the treatment system is 0.001%-3% (w/w) claim 1 , preferably 0.01%-1% (w/w) claim 1 , more preferably 0.05%-0.5% (w/w).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition comprises a GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity and one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of a cellulase claim 1 , a hemicellulase claim 1 , an esterase claim 1 , an expansin claim 1 , a laccase claim 1 , a ligninolytic enzyme claim 1 , a pectinase claim 1 , a peroxidase claim 1 , a protease claim 1 , and a swollen in.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic is selected from the group consisting of:(a) the GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity which comprises an amino acid sequence that ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SACCHARIDES CONTAINING GLUCOSE AS MAIN COMPONENT

A method for producing saccharides containing glucose as a main component is described, including degrading cellulose and/or hemicellulose with a cellulase, wherein an additive containing a protein and an amino acid and/or a yeast lysate solution is added to the cellulose and/or hemicellulose and the cellulase is used to cause an enzymatic saccharification reaction of saccharifying the cellulose and/or hemicellulose. 1. A method for producing saccharides containing glucose as a main component by degrading cellulose and/or hemicellulose with a cellulase ,wherein an additive containing a protein and an amino acid and/or a yeast lysate solution is added to cellulose and/or hemicellulose and the cellulase is used to cause an enzymatic saccharification reaction of saccharifying the cellulose and/or hemicellulose.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protein and the amino acid are derived from grain or constitute whey.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the protein and the amino acid derived from grain are generated from grain as waste or a secondary product in a starch producing plant claim 2 , an ethanol producing plant claim 2 , a flour milling plant claim 2 , a vegetable oil producing plant claim 2 , or a brewery.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the yeast lysate solution is a solution containing a protein and an amino acid derived from yeast useful in ethanol fermentation of saccharides claim 1 , the solution being obtained by lysing claim 1 , with alkali claim 1 , the yeast.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a metal and a surfactant are added to the cellulose and/or hemicellulose.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the metal is a metal mixture containing at least two metals selected from the group consisting of iron claim 5 , zinc claim 5 , manganese claim 5 , and copper. This invention relates to a method for producing saccharides containing glucose as a main component, the method using an enzymatic saccharification ...

Soft biomass decomposition method

An object of the present invention is to provide a soft biomass decomposition method, a production method for a target substance from soft biomass, and an enzyme or group of enzymes for decomposing soft biomass. Provided is a soft biomass decomposition method, including a step of bringing an enzyme selected from specific exocellulase, endocellulase, and processive endocellulase into contact with soft biomass such as bagasse and rice straw. Also provided is a production method for a target substance from soft biomass by incorporating the soft biomass decomposition method as a step. Further provided is an enzyme or group of enzymes for decomposing soft biomass selected from specific exocellulase, endocellulase, and processive endocellulase.

Polypeptide having endoglucanase activity

The present invention relates to a family 5 glycoside hydrolase variant having endoglucanase activity, polynucleotides encoding the family 5 glycoside hydrolase variant, vectors, host cells comprising the polynucleotides, and methods for using the family 5 glycoside hydrolase variant.

Methods for producing end-products from carbon substrates

The present invention provides means for the production of desired end-products of in vitro and/or in vivo bioconversion of biomass-based feed stock substrates, including but not limited to such materials as starch and cellulose. In particularly preferred embodiments, the methods of the present invention do not require gelatinization and/or liquefaction of the substrate.

BIOMASS TREATMENT SYSTEM, SACCHARIDE SOLUTION PRODUCING PROCESS USING BIOMASS AS RAW MATERIAL, AND ORGANIC RAW MATERIAL PRODUCING PROCESS

This biomass treatment system includes: a hydrothermal decomposition section for decomposing the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contained in a biomass as a raw material under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in a main section, namely a tank having a gas-liquid interface, and thus removing a lignin component and a hemicellulose component from the biomass; a discharge section for discharging a biomass solid (a component insoluble in hot-water) obtained by the decomposition; a slurrying tank which is connected to the discharge section and in which the discharged biomass solid is slurried in water fed thereinto to form a biomass slurry; and a solid-liquid separation apparatus including both a settling tank which is provided on a discharge line for discharging the biomass slurry and in which the biomass slurry is settled and a scooping-up and conveying means for scooping up the biomass solid deposited at the bottom of the settling tank and separating the solid biomass component from water. 1. A biomass treatment system comprising:a biomass treatment section comprising a treatment column having a gas-liquid interface by which a biomass raw material containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is decomposed under high-temperature, and high-pressure conditions, and thus a lignin component and a hemicellulose component are removed from the biomass;a biomass solid discharge section for discharging a biomass solid treated by the biomass treatment section;a slurrying tank connected to the biomass solid discharge section, into which water is poured and the discharged biomass solid is slurried; anda solid-liquid separation apparatus including a settling tank for settling the biomass slurry, the settling tank being provided downstream of the slurrying tank, and a scooping-up and conveying means for separating water while scooping up the biomass solid settled on a bottom of the settling tank.2. The biomass treatment system according to claim 1 , further ...

CONSORTIUM AND PREPARATION OF MICROORGANISMS FOR CATALYZING CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS, PREPARATION FOR METHANE FERMENTATION SUPPLEMENTATION, COMBINATION PREPARATION, USE THEREOF AND METHOD USING THE SAME

The invention relates to a consortium of microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing cellulose, preferably lignocellulosic biomass, which may comprise the following mixtures of bacterial strains: sp. KP7, KP20 and sp. KP8 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP14; sp. KP6 and KP16 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP4, KP5, KP17 and KP22 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP10; sp. KP1 and KP19 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP13; sp. KP9 and KP12 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), as well as a preparation for hydrolyzing cellulose which may comprise this consortium, a supplement preparation, a combination preparation, and use and method of using the same. 1BacillusOchrobactrumProvidenciaBacillusBacillusProvidenciaBacillusOchrobactrum; Bacillus. A consortium of microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing cellulose , preferably lignocellulosic biomass , characterized in that it comprises the following mixtures of bacterial strains: sp. KP7 , KP20 and sp. KP8 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no B/00064) , sp. KP14 , sp. KP6 and KP16 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00065) , sp. KP4 , KP5 , KP17 and KP22 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00066) , sp. KP10; sp , KP1 and KP19 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00067) , sp. KP13sp. KP9 and KP12 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00068).2. The consortium of microorganisms according to claim 1 , characterized in that the individual strains in each mixture are mixed in equal proportions.3. The consortium of microorganisms according to claim 2 , characterized in that all the mixtures are mixed in an equal quantitative ratio.4. A preparation for hydrolysis of cellulose claim 1 , increasing the efficiency of biogas production in methane fermentation process claim 1 , revival and/or propagation of methanogenic consortia and/or methanogenic microorganisms themselves claim 1 , characterized in that it ...

Method for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

The present invention relates to methods for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose using whole cell cultures. The cellulase-producing microbes (e.g. fungus) may be cultivated at a lower temperature (e.g. about 30° C.) to produce extracellular cellulase enzymes followed by raising the temperature to a higher level (e.g. about 50° C.) to deactivate the cells and to promote the cellulose hydrolysis by extracellular cellulases resulting in continuous hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose without the risk of glucose being consumed by the deactivated cells.

METHOD OF USING ALPHA-AMYLASE FROM ASPERGILLUS TERREUS AND PULLULANASE FOR SACCHARIFICATION

A fungal alpha-amylase is provided from (AtAmyl). AtAmyl has an optimal pH of 4.5 and is operable at 30 75 degrees C., allowing the enzyme to be used in combination with a glucoamylase and a pullulanase in a saccharification reaction. This obviates the necessity of running a saccharification reaction as a batch process, where the pH and temperature must be readjusted for optimal use of the alpha-amylase or glucoamylase. AtAmyl also catalyzes the saccharification of starch substrates to an oligosaccharide composition significantly enriched in DP2 and (DP1+DP2) compared to the products of saccharification catalyzed by an alpha-amylase from . This facilitates the utilization of the oligosaccharide composition by a fermenting organism in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, for example. 1. A method of saccharifying a composition comprising starch to produce a composition comprising glucose , wherein said method comprises:(i) contacting said composition comprising starch with a pullulanase and with an isolated AtAmyl or variant thereof having α-amylase activity comprising an amino acid sequence with at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to (a) residues 21-607 of SEQ ID NO:1 or (b) residues 21-497 of SEQ ID NO:1; and(ii) saccharifying said composition comprising starch to produce said composition comprising glucose; wherein said pullulanase and said isolated AtAmyl or variant thereof catalyze the saccharification of the starch composition to glucose.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the AtAmyl or variant thereof is dosed at about 17%-50% claim 1 , or optionally about 17%-34% the dose of AkAA claim 1 , to reduce the same quantity of residual starch under the same conditions.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saccharification results in about 8%-9% less residual starch compared to a saccharification carried out by said pullulanase and AkAA under the same conditions.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the AtAmyl or variant thereof is dosed at ...

VARIANT ALPHA-AMYLASES FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND METHODS OF USE, THEREOF

Alpha-amylases from (AmyE), variants thereof, nucleic acids encoding the same, and host cells comprising the nucleic acids are provided. Methods of using AmyE or variants thereof are disclosed, including liquefaction and/or saccharification of starch. Such methods may yield sugars useful for ethanol production or high fructose corn syrup production. In some cases, the amylases can be used at low pH, in the absence of calcium, and/or in the absence of a glucoamylase. 1. A method for liquefying and saccharifying starch in a starch conversion process , comprisingcontacting a starch substrate with an AmyE polypeptide to form a reaction mixture for liquefying and saccharifying the starch substrate in the reaction mixture to produce glucose,wherein the liquefying and saccharifying are performed in the same reaction mixture without a pH adjustment.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saccharifying is performed in the absence of an additional polypeptide having glucoamylase activity.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquefying is performed at a pH suitable for the activity of a glucoamylase polypeptide.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pH is 5.0 or lower.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pH is 4.5 or lower.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pH is 4.0 or lower.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an additional polypeptide having glucoamylase activity is added to the reaction mixture before contacting the starch substrate with the AmyE polypeptide.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein an additional polypeptide having glucoamylase activity is added to the reaction mixture after contacting the starch substrate with the AmyE polypeptide.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein an additional polypeptide having glucoamylase activity is added to the reaction mixture simultaneously with contacting the starch substrate with the AmyE polypeptide.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising fermenting the glucose produced by the liquefying and saccharifying to produce an ...

SUGAR-SOLUTION PRODUCTION METHOD

A method of producing a sugar solution includes (1) to (3): (1) preparing a slurry of a cellulose-containing biomass pretreated material and an inactivated cellulose, (2) hydrolyzing the slurry in (1) by adding a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to the slurry, and (3) separating a hydrolysate in (2) into a solution component and a hydrolysis residue through solid-liquid separation, and filtering the solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane, thereby recovering the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase as a non-filtrate and the sugar solution as a filtrate. 18-. (canceled)9. A method of producing a sugar solution , comprising (1) to (3):(1) preparing a slurry of a cellulose-containing biomass pretreated material and an inactivated cellulase;(2) hydrolyzing the slurry in (1) by adding a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to the slurry; and(3) separating a hydrolysate in (2) into a solution component and a hydrolysis residue through solid-liquid separation, and filtering the solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane, thereby recovering the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase as a non-filtrate and the sugar solution as a filtrate.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the inactivated cellulase is an alkali-treated inactivated cellulase.11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the inactivated cellulase is prepared by dipping the hydrolysis residue in (3) in an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH 11 or more.12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the inactivated cellulase is prepared by dipping the hydrolysis residue in (3) in the alkaline aqueous solution of less than 65° C.13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the inactivated cellulase contains at least inactivated β-glucosidase.14. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the slurry in (1) has a pH of 3.0 to 7.0.15Trichoderma.. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase is derived from an microorganism of genus16. The ...

METHOD FOR PRETREATING BIOMASS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUGAR CONTAINING GLUCOSE AS MAIN COMPONENT

A biomass pretreatment method includes a first process performed on the biomass so as to improve contact efficiency between the cellulose and/or hemicellulose and the enzymes that degrade the cellulose and/or hemicellulose; and a second process of removing a substance containing at least an organic acid from the biomass subjected to the first process, the second process including placing the biomass subjected to the first process into a container that has a vent communicating with outside and heating the biomass subjected to the first process at a temperature equal to or lower than a boiling temperature of water by using water while leaving the vent constantly open. 1. A method for pretreating a biomass to be supplied to a method for producing saccharides containing glucose as a main component , the method for producing saccharides including degrading cellulose and/or hemicellulose contained in a biomass with enzymes that degrade cellulose and/or hemicellulose , comprising:a first process performed on the biomass so as to improve contact efficiency between the cellulose and/or hemicellulose and the enzymes that degrade the cellulose and/or hemicellulose; anda second process of removing a substance containing at least an organic acid from the biomass subjected to the first process, the second process including placing the biomass subjected to the first process into a container that has a vent communicating with outside and heating the biomass subjected to the first process at a temperature equal to or lower than a boiling temperature of water by using water while leaving the vent constantly open.2. The method for pretreating a biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the first process is a steam explosion process or a diluted sulfuric acid process.3. The method for pretreating a biomass according to claim 1 , wherein the second process involves heating the biomass by using water at 100° C. or lower.4. The method for pretreating a biomass according to claim 3 , wherein ...

PENTOSE FERMENTATION BY A RECOMBINANT MICROORGANISM

The present invention provides recombinant nucleic acid constructs comprising a xylose isomerase polynucleotide, a recombinant fungal host cell comprising a recombinant xylose isomerase polynucleotide, and related methods. 1. A recombinant fungal host cell comprising a polynucleotide sequence that encodes a polypeptide that is capable of catalyzing the isomerization of D-xylose directly to D-xylulose , wherein the polynucleotide is a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO:2 , wherein said polypeptide further comprises the substitution E372G relative to SEQ ID NO:2 , or a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to the complement of a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.2. The recombinant fungal host cell of claim 1 , wherein said polypeptide capable of catalyzing the isomerization of D-xylose directly to D-xylulose is a mature recombinant xylose isomerase variant having xylose isomerase activity further comprising a substitution at one or more positions selected from 2 claim 1 , 6 claim 1 , 13 claim 1 , 16 claim 1 , 18 claim 1 , 29 claim 1 , 62 claim 1 , 64 claim 1 , 67 claim 1 , 70 claim 1 , 71 claim 1 , 74 claim 1 , 75 claim 1 , 78 claim 1 , 81 claim 1 , 91 claim 1 , 106 claim 1 , 111 claim 1 , 116 claim 1 , 127 claim 1 , 128 claim 1 , 139 claim 1 , 156 claim 1 , 164 claim 1 , 182 claim 1 , 199 claim 1 , 201 claim 1 , 206 claim 1 , 211 claim 1 , 223 claim 1 , 237 claim 1 , 233 claim 1 , 236 claim 1 , 244 claim 1 , 248 claim 1 , 250 claim 1 , 274 claim 1 , 277 claim 1 , 281 claim 1 , 284 claim 1 , 325 claim 1 , 328 claim 1 , 329 claim 1 , 330 claim 1 , 339 claim 1 , 342 claim 1 , 356 claim 1 , 360 claim 1 , 371 claim 1 , 373 claim 1 , 375 claim 1 , 378 claim 1 , 380 claim 1 , 382 claim 1 , 386 claim 1 , 389 claim 1 , 390 claim 1 , 391 claim 1 , 393 claim 1 , 397 claim 1 , 398 claim 1 , 399 claim 1 ...

COMPOSITIONS FOR ENHANCED ENZYME PRODUCTION

The present invention relates to compositions to induce production of proteins, e.g., enzymes, e.g., amylases or biomass degrading enzymes in a host cell, and methods for increasing the yield of the proteins, e.g., enzymes produced. Such compositions comprise a caramelized sugar product. The methods described herein can also be used to enhance processing of biomass materials, e.g., to produce sugar products. 1. A method for inducing production of a biomass degrading enzyme comprising contacting a microorganism that produces the biomass degrading enzyme with a composition comprising a caramelized sugar product under conditions sufficient for production of a biomass degrading enzyme.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is in a cell culture.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sugar is added to the cell culture prior to contacting the microorganism with the composition comprising a caramelized sugar product.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the microorganism is contacted with the composition comprising a caramelized sugar product when the cell culture is substantially free from sugar.5. The method of or claim 3 , wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose claim 3 , xylose claim 3 , maltose claim 3 , lactose claim 3 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the caramelized sugar product produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprises xylose and glucose.7. The method of claim 5 , or claim 5 , wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides claim 5 , dehydration products of the oligosaccharides claim 5 , hydration products of the oligosaccharides claim 5 , disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides claim 5 , colored aromatic products claim 5 , or any combination thereof.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides claim 7 , trisaccharides claim 7 , tetrasaccharides claim 7 , pentasacchrides claim 7 , hexasaccharides claim 7 , or a ...

Polypeptides Having Cellobiohydrolase Activity And Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. 126-. (canceled)27. A process for degrading a cellulosic material , comprising: treating the cellulosic material with an enzyme composition comprising a polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase activity , wherein the polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase activity is selected from the group consisting of:(a) a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the sequence of amino acids 26 to 532 of SEQ ID NO: 2;(b) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under high stringency conditions with the full-length complement of the sequence of nucleotides 76 to 1596 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the cDNA sequence thereof, wherein the high stringency conditions are defined as prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 50% formamide, following standard Southern blotting procedures for 12 to 24 hours, followed by washing three times each for 15 minutes using 2×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 65° C.;(c) a polypeptide fragment of the sequence of amino acids 26 to 532 of SEQ ID NO: 2 that has cellobiohydrolase activity;(d) a polypeptide comprising a catalytic domain having cellobiohydrolase activity, wherein the catalytic domain has at least 90% sequence identity to the sequence of amino acids 26 to 460 of SEQ ID NO: 2; and(e) a polypeptide fragment of the sequence of amino acids 26 to 460 of SEQ ID NO: 2 that has cellobiohydrolase activity.28. The process of claim 27 , wherein the polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase activity comprises the sequence of amino acids 26 to 532 of SEQ ID NO: 2.29. The process of claim 27 , wherein the catalytic domain comprises the sequence of amino acids 26 to 460 of SEQ ID ...