СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ РЕТОРТЫ ДЛЯ ПЕЧИ ДЛЯ АЗОТИРОВАНИЯ И РЕТОРТА

Изобретение относится к способу изготовления реторты для печи для азотирования, в которой металлические детали подвергаются термической обработке в предварительно заданной атмосфере, а также к реторте для печи для азотирования и к печи для азотирования с соответствующей изобретению ретортой. Согласно способу реторту изготавливают из нержавеющей стали и по меньшей мере поверхности реторты, приходящие в контакт с предварительно заданной атмосферой в рабочем состоянии азотирующей печи, протравливаются с помощью травильного состава. Поверхности после травления предпочтительно подвергаются полированию с помощью электролита в гальванической ванне. Затем полированные поверхности реторты предпочтительно пассивируют азотной кислотой. Изобретение обеспечивает усовершенствование реторты, проявляющееся в повышении устойчивости к азотированию. 3 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ АЗОТИРОВАННОГО/УГЛЕРОДОАЗОТИРОВАННОГО ИЗДЕЛИЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу обработки азотированного/углеродоазотированного изделия, включающему: подвержение по меньшей мере части изделия первому этапу, на котором по меньшей мере один лазерный луч перемещают за по меньшей мере один проход над указанной частью до тех пор, пока поверхностный слой взятой части не будет преобразован частично или полностью, и до тех пор, пока распределение концентрации азота в зоне диффузии не будет изменено, и подвержение для преобразования поверхностного слоя части, по меньшей мере обработанной посредством лазера, второму этапу, на котором по меньшей мере один лазерный луч перемещают за по меньшей мере один проход над указанной частью, чтобы сделать возможным снижение концентрации азота в нижележащем диффузионном слое. Также раскрыт способ сварки азотированного/углеродоазотированного изделия, включающий образование сварного соединения на обработанной указанным выше способом части изделия. Технический результат – обеспечение сварки высокого ...

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ МАГНИТНО-МЯГКИХ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Изобретение относится к способу обработки магнитно-мягких металлических материалов. Проводят нанесение агента для поверхностной обработки на магнитно-мягкие металлические материалы с использованием процесса термической обработки для увеличения, интенсивности магнитной индукции магнитно-мягких металлических материалов. Упомянутый агент содержит углерод и/или азот, промотор науглероживания, порошкообразный углерод и/или порошкообразный графит. Легирующая масса порошкообразного углерода и/или порошкообразного графита может составлять от 5% до 50% полной массы источника углерода, размеры частиц порошкообразного углерода и порошкообразного графита одновременно устанавливают в нанометровом диапазоне. Промотор науглероживания содержит BaCO3, CaCO3 и Na2CO3, а легирующая масса промотора науглероживания составляет 6% и менее от полной массы источника углерода. Магнитно-мягкие металлические материалы представляют собой аморфные материалы, нанокристаллические магнитно-мягкие металлические материалы ...

СПОСОБ АКТИВИРОВАНИЯ ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ПАССИВНОГО ЧЕРНОГО ИЛИ ЦВЕТНОГО МЕТАЛЛА ДО НАУГЛЕРОЖИВАНИЯ, АЗОТИРОВАНИЯ И/ИЛИ АЗОТОНАУГЛЕРОЖИВАНИЯ

Изобретение относится к способу поверхностного упрочнения изделия из нержавеющей стали, никелевого сплава, кобальтового сплава или материала на основе титана. Обеспечивается нагревательное устройство, имеющее первую зону нагрева ниже по ходу от второй зоны нагрева, впуск газа и выпуск газа для прохождения газа через нагревательное устройство, нагрев изделия в упомянутой первой зоне нагрева до первой температуры в диапазоне 185-500°С, нагрев по меньшей мере одного соединения N/C, содержащего азот и углерод, в упомянутой второй зоне нагрева до второй температуры 135-450°С, которая ниже, чем первая температура, для образования одного или более газообразных веществ. При этом упомянутое соединение имеет одинарную, двойную или тройную связь углерод-азот и является жидким или твердым при температуре 25°С и давлении 1 бар. Осуществляется прохождение газа с использованием газа-носителя, который является неокисляющим по отношению к изделию, для контактирования изделия с газообразными веществами для ...

Способ подбора дозы микрошариков для дробеструйной обработки, обеспечивающей поверхностное пластическое деформирование детали из легированной стали для активации поверхности детали перед азотированием

Изобретение относится к способу подбора дозы микрошариков для дробеструйной обработки, обеспечивающей поверхностное пластическое деформирование детали из легированной стали для активации поверхности упомянутой детали перед азотированием. Используют одинаковые по форме и размерам плоские образцы из легированной стали для испытания на разрыв толщиной, равной толщине заданного азотированного слоя. Проводят дробеструйную обработку упомянутых образцов при увеличении для каждого последующего образца дозы микрошариков для упомянутой дробеструйной обработки с шагом 20 г/см2, используемым для построения зависимости предела прочности азотированного образца с предварительной активацией поверхностным пластическим деформированием от дозы микрошариков для указанной дробеструйной обработки. Исследуемый диапазон доз микрошариков для упомянутой дробеструйной обработки выбирают от минимально возможной дозы микрошариковдля дробеструйной обработки, обеспечивающей поверхностное пластическое деформирование с ...

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ РЕТОРТЫ ДЛЯ ПЕЧИ ДЛЯ АЗОТИРОВАНИЯ И РЕТОРТА

METHOD OF APPLICATION OF NITRIDE LAYERS ON PARTS MADE OF TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS

Metallisches Bauteil, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Bauteils und Beschlag, Möbel und/oder Haushaltsgerät

Ein Beschlag, Möbel und/oder Haushaltsgerät welcher/welches aus metallischen Bauteilen zusammengesetzt ist, wobei das metallische Bauteil zumindest abschnittsweise eine Beschichtung aufweist, wobei diese Beschichtung einen hartstoffhaltigen Verbundwerkstoff aufweist, sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und ein Beschlag, ein Möbel und/oder ein Haushaltsgerät.

Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Materialien, insbesondere zum Gasnitrieren und Nitrocarburieren

Controlling nitriding value of nitriding and nitrocarburisation atmos

Method for controlling the specific nitriding value or other equivalent specific value of nitriding and nitrocarburising atmospheres comprises using ammonia dissociation gas and flow controllers whereby a constant total amt. of ammonia is fed to the furnace simultaneously directly and via an ammonia predissociation unit. In the control of nitrocarburisation atmospheres, CO and CO2 may be added simultaneously as separate gases for carbon transfer, esp. where the total CO + CO2 input is held constant, and partic. where the ratio of total CO + CO2 to total NH3 input is held constant at between 2-10%.

Method for controlling the nitriding potential of nitriding furnace is based on determining partial pressure difference within an oxygen probe between furnace atmosphere and dissociated ammonia gas carrier taking the role of reference gas

The nitriding potential of a nitriding furnace is controlled by determining the partial pressure difference within an oxygen probe between nitriding furnace atmosphere and dissociated ammonia gas carrier taking the role of reference gas. A part of the ammonia supply gas containing oxygen is delivered into the nitriding furnace, while another part of this gas is delivered into dissociation unit where it is converted into a dissociated ammonia gas carrier. A part of this dissociated ammonia gas carrier is delivered into the nitriding furnace, while the rest is delivered into an oxygen probe as a reference gas. The partial pressure difference is determined within the probe installed in the furnace atmosphere. A signal correlation is established between the partial pressure difference and the nitriding potential of the furnace, and is used to control the ratio of the ammonia supply gas to that of the dissociated ammonia gas carrier at the furnace inlet. Preferred Features: Control of the ratio ...

Schaltgetriebewellen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Schaltgetriebewelle, deren Oberfläche mit Korrosions- und/oder Verschleissschutzschichten versehen sind, wobei die Schaltgetriebewelle (1) aus zwei Bauteilen (2.1, 2.2) als ein Hauptstück (3) und ein Kopfstück (4) aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen zusammengesetzt ist, die axial hintereinander und stirnseitig miteinander formschlüssig verbunden sind, wobei ein von einer Stirnseite (5) des Hauptstückes (3) herausragendes Zapfenelement (7) in eine in einer Stirnseite (6) des Kopfstückes (4) vorgesehene Ausnehmung (8) formschlüssig und passgenau eingreift, eine stirnseitige Verbindungsstelle (9) der Bauteile (2.1, 2.2) radial laserverschweisst ist und die Schaltgetriebewelle einer Nachbehandlung zur Erzeugung von Korrosions- und/oder Verschleiss-Schutzschichten unterzogen ist.

Self-lubricating bearing

Improvements in and relating to making articles of aluminium nitride

Aluminium nitride articles are made by shaping aluminium metal powder which may contain up to 50% aluminium nitride powder and heating in N2 or NH3 in the presence of a metal fluoride catalyst, in gradual stages so that at 660 DEG C. there is sufficient aluminium nitride present to maintain the shape during subsequent heating to complete conversion to aluminium nitride. The catalyst may be lithium, aluminium, barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium fluoride, and may be admixed with the powder before shaping, impregnated into the shape as a saturated solution, or introduced as vapour in the nitrogenous atmosphere. The subsequent heating above 660 DEG C. may be interrupted at say 1100-1450 DEG C. and excrescences removed by scraping or abrasion, before heating is completed at 1550-2000 DEG C. Suitable firing schedules are quoted in the examples, indicating a generally decreased rate of heating as 660 DEG C. is approached.ALSO:Aluminium nitride articles are made by shaping aluminium ...

Method for reinforcing a steel component by carbonitriding

A method of hardening a steel component by nitriding and carburizing which are performed in a single heat treatment, either simultaneously or successively. Figure 2 shows a heat treatment cycle which comprises carbonitriding 2 at a temperature in the range 800-1000 0C, followed by annealing 3 at a temperature in the range 650-700 0C with a slow cooling, austenizing 4 at a temperature in the range 1080-1120 0C and quenching and then tempering 5 at a temperature in the range 530-560 0C. Figure 5 shows a heat treatment cycle where carbonitriding and austenizing are performed in a single heat treatment cycle. The component can be a rolling contact bearing ring made from M50NiL steel (by weight: 0.11-0.15 % carbon; 0.15-0.35 % manganese; 0.10-0.25 % silicon; 4.00-4.25 % chromium; 3.20-3.60 % nickel; 4.00-4.50 % molybdenum; 1.13-1.33 % vanadium; 0.25 % maximum cobalt; 0.25 % maximum tungsten; 0.10 % maximum copper; 0.015 % maximum phosphorous; 0.010 % maximum sulphur). The carbon and nitrogen ...

VORRICHTUNG ZUR WÄRMEBEHANDLUNG VON WERKSTÜCKEN, INSBESONDERE ZUM GASNITRIEREN, NITROCARBURIEREN UND OXIDIEREN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COATING

Method for making a ring-shaped sintered part

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines ringförmigen Sinterbauteils (1), insbesondere eines Hohlrades, umfassend die Schritte in der angegebenen Reihenfolge Bereitstellen eines Sinterpulvers, Pressen des Sinterpulvers zu einem Grünling, Sintern des Grünlings und Plasmanitrieren oder Plasmanitrocarburieren des Sinterbauteils (1), wobei in das Sinterbauteil (1) vor dem Plasmanitrieren oder Plasmanitrocarburieren in diskreten Oberflächenbereichen Zonen (6) mit einer höheren Plastifizierung des Werkstoffes, bezogen auf die neben diesen Zonen (6) vorhandenen Bereiche des Sinterbauteils (1), erzeugt werden.

PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING NITRIDE LAYERS ON TITANIUM

Komponente einer Metallverarbeitungsmaschine

Die Erfindung beschreibt eine Komponente einer Metallverarbeitungsmaschine, gefertigt aus einem Refraktärmetall (RM), ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Wolfram (W), W-Legierung, Molybdän (Mo) und Mo-Legierung, wobei zumindest eine Oberfläche der Komponente zumindest bereichsweise eine Schicht aufweist, die zumindest bereichsweise aus zumindest einer Verbindung zumindest eines Elements ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Kohlenstoff (C), Bor (B) und Stickstoff (N) mit zumindest einem Element, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus W und Mo, gebildet ist.

CONDENSER POWDER SUBSTANCE, FROM IT MANUFACTURED SINTERED COMPACT AND FROM THE SINTERED COMPACT MANUFACTURED CONDENSER

IONI PLASMA-NITRATED STAINLESS STEEL SHEETS AND PROCEDURES FOR YOUR PRODUCTION

WEAR RESISTANT VAPOR DEPOSITED COATING METHOD OF COATING DEPOSITION AND APPLICATIONS THEREFOR

A low friction top coat (74) over a multilayer metal /ceramic bondcoat (7 0) provides a conductive substrate (68), such as a rotary tool, with wear re sistance and corrosion resistance. The top coat further provides low frictio n and anti- stickiness as well as high compressive stress. The high compress ive stress provided by the top coat protects against degradation of the tool due to abrasion and torsional and cyclic fatigue. Substrate temperature is strictly controlled during the coating process to preserve the bulk properti es of the substrate and the coating. The described coating process is partic ularly useful when applied to shape memory alloys.

TRANSITION METAL NITRIDE, SEPARATOR FOR FUEL CELLS, FUEL CELL STACK, FUEL CELL VEHICLE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TRANSITION METAL NITRIDE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEPARATOR FORFUEL CELLS

A transition metal nitride is obtained by a nitriding treatment of a surface of a base material including a transition metal or an alloy of the transition metal, and the transition metal nitride has a crystal structure of an M4N type and a crystal structure of an .epsilon.-M2-3N type, and is formed over a whole area of the surface of the base material and continuously in a depth direction from the surface.

HEAT TREATMENT PRODUCTION FIXTURE FOR DOWNHOLE ASSEMBLY

A method for manufacturing a metal structure (130) for use in a downhole assembly comprises plastically deforming at least a portion of the metal structure (130); and heating at least the deformed portion of the metal structure to a temperature below its critical and/or transformation temperature. An assembly for performing the method comprises a production fixture (370) configured to receive the metal structure (130), wherein the production fixture is adapted to undergo heating to a temperature below and/or up to the critical and/or transformation temperature of the metal structure. By heating at least the deformed portion of the metal structure to a temperature below its critical and/or transformation temperature, the metal structure may undergo stress relief, which may help prevent undesirable movement of deformed portion, e.g. collet fingers of a catching apparatus, against the direction of deformation after impact(s) and/or shock(s) from moving objects, in use.

CORROSION AND WEAR RESISTANT COLD WORK TOOL STEEL

The invention relates to a corrosion and wear resistance cold work tool steel. The steel comprises the following main components (in wt. %): C0.3 0.8 N1.0 2.2 (C+N)1.3 2.2 C/N0.17 0.50 Si=1.0 Mn0.2 2.0 Cr13-30 Mo0.5 3.0 V2.0 5.0 balance optional elements, iron and impurities.

A SURFACE NITRIDING METHOD OF AN ALUMINUM MATERIAL, AND AN AGENT FOR NITRIDING

A nitriding method for forming a relatively thick nitride layer on the surface of a silicon-containing aluminum material, and an assistant for nitriding. A nitriding assistant comprising as a main ingredient aluminum containing a metal which has a high strength of bonding to oxygen, such as lithium or boron, and which, when present together with silicon, does not substantially form any silicide, or a nitriding assistant comprising as a main ingredient an aluminum-magnesium-copper alloy or a magnesium-zinc-copper alloy is brought into contact with an aluminum material while heat treating the same in the presence of nitrogen gas. This enables a thick nitride layer to be easily formed also on the surface of a silicon-containing aluminum alloy material. This method is best suited for nitriding the surface of an aluminum-silicon alloy having an excellent castability.

Verfahren zum Schutz der Oberfläche von Niob und Tantal

Surface nitriding of sliding faces - by ion bombardment with screened edges

Workpieces with sharp edges are nitrided on the surface with a partial suppression of the edges flexures upwards. A convex shape across the width is produced by effecting diffusion in an electrical glow discharge by ion bombardment in a gaseous atmos. contg. diffusible substances. The edges are screened against ion impact during this treatment.

Procédé de fabrication d'une boîte de montre et boîte de montre fabriquée selon ce procédé

Procédé de durcissement superficiel du titane et de ses alliages et produits ainsi obtenus

Verfahren zur Oberflächenhärtung von Metallkörpern aus Titan, einer Titanlegierung, Zirkonium oder einer Zirkoniumlegierung

Matière nitrurée

Matière résistante à l'usure et à l'abrasion

Activation of mass transfer in gas hardening of metals - by introducing an additional gas at higher temperature into the furnace chamber

Gas nitriding and gas carburising in which gas molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the substrate to be hardened, is accelerated by activating the mass transfer from the gas molecules to the metal surface by introducing the mass-yielding gas molecules at room temp. into a heated furnace chamber, and additional gas molecules at a temp. which is higher than that of the metal piece to be hardened. The mass-yielding gases are NH3 and/or a hydrocarbon, and the additional gas molecules nitrogen and/or carbon. Method gives an increase in the rate of diffusion of the hardening substance and a thin surface layer of good ductility, i.e., a hardening procedure at lower costs.

Depositing carbide, nitride and carbonitride coatings - on inorg. substrates by using cyano cpds. as sources of carbon and nitrogen

Inorg. substrates are coated with carbides, nitrides and/or carbonitrides of Fe, B, S: or the transition metals of sub-groups 4-6 by direct thermal reaction between the appropriate element or its deriv. and sources of C and Nof formulae (I) and (II) (X = Cl, CN, CH2NHQ, CH2NQ, CH2N(Q).CH2CH2NQ2, 1-6 C alkyl (opt. substd. by halo, NR1R2 or -N(CH2)m), 2-4C alkylene (opt. substd. by halo or NR1R2), 3-6C cycloalkyl or 6-10C aryl (opt. substd. by halo, CH3 or NR1R2); X1 = 1-10C alkylene, 2-4C alkenylene, phenylene or cyclohexylene (both opt. substd. by halo or NR1R2), C= C(CN)2 or the gps. Q = CH2CN; R1 and R2 = H or 1-4C alkyl, m = 4-7), opt. in presence of further additives. The process is simple and economic, can be carried out at 900 degrees C and about normal press. with high deposition rates to give well-adhered smooth coatings. The coatings improve resistance to wear and corrosion of e.g. machinery parts, chemical apparatus electrodes, C fibres, catalyst supports etc.

Hard coating of carbides or (carbo)nitrides - applied by direct thermal reaction of iron, boron, silicon, etc., with di- or triazine cpd.

Inorg. substrates are provided with a coating layer of carbides-, nitrides and or carbonitrides of Fe-, B-, Si or gp. 4-6 transition metals, by direct thermal reaction of Fe, B, Si or gp. 4-6 transition metals, opt. with other additives with a C- and N- providing cpd. of formula (in which Y is =N-, =CH- or =C-halogen; one of X1, X2 and X3 = H, halogen, alkyl, -CN, -NR1R2 or -N(R5)-N(R3)(R4) and the other two = (independently) -CN, -NH2, -NR1R2 or -N(R5)-N(R3)(R4); R1, R3 and R4 = (independently) H, (halo)alkyl, cyanoalkyl (alkyl)aminoalkyl or alkenyl; R2=(halo)alkyl, cyanoalkyl, (alkyl)aminoalkyl or alkenylf and R5 = H or alkyl; the alkyl gps. 1-4C, the alkyl part of substd. alkyl gps. has 2-4C and the alkylene gps. have 3 or 4 C). The coatings are applied at relatively moderate temps. (e.g. ca 900 degrees C) and slightly reduced pressures and at high rates of growth to give adherent, smooth coatings.

PROCEDURES FOR THE FORMATION OF ONE HAERTESCHICHT IN THE CONSTRUCTION UNIT FROM ELEMENTS FOURTH, FUENFTEN OR SIXTH NEBENGRUPPEN OF THE PERIODIC SYSTEM OR THEIR ALLOYS.

Method of curing screw head made of pure titanium or titanium alloy.

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé permettant de durcir la tête d’une vis en titane ou en alliage de titane afin d’éviter la destruction de la tête de vis lors du serrage ou du desserrage de la vis, en particulier pour des implants destinés à l’orthopédie.

Decorative component, timepiece, and method for manufacturing decorative component.

Il est prévu un composant décoratif, une pièce dhorlogerie, et un procédé de fabrication de la pièce dhorlogerie capable daméliorer la maniabilité du développement de couleur et daméliorer lornementation. Une surface dune masse oscillante (160) développe une couleur en formant des couches doxyde danode (22a et 22b) sur la surface du corps de masse oscillante (164) qui est formé en utilisant du titane ou un alliage de titane, et sur la surface du corps de masse oscillante (164) des portions auxquelles les couches doxyde danode (22a et 22b) sont formées, une couche de traitement de nitruration (21) formée à la portion à laquelle la couche doxyde danode (22a) est formée.

Trim element in zirconia to selective staining.

La présente invention concerne un élément d’habillage pour objet portable (1) réalisé dans un premier matériau, le premier matériau étant un matériau céramique présentant une première couleur. La surface dudit élément d’habillage est au moins partiellement traitée de sorte à présenter au moins une transformation pourvue d’une couleur différente de la première couleur.

Trim element in zirconia to selectively conductive areas for electronic applications.

La présente invention concerne un élément d’habillage pour objet portable (1) réalisé dans un premier matériau, le premier matériau étant un matériau céramique isolant. La surface dudit élément d’habillage est au moins partiellement traitée de sorte à présenter au moins une transformation pourvue d’une conductivité électrique.

Method for manufacturing a ball-joint connection and ball-joint connection.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kugel-Gelenk-Verbindung umfassend ein erstes Gelenkteil mit einem Kugelkopf und ein zweites Gelenkteil mit einer Kugelkopfaufnahme, wobei das Verfahren gekennzeichnet ist durch die Schritte: Vorfertigung des ersten und/oder zweiten Rohgelenkteils, wobei wenigstens ein definierter Oberflächenbereich des ersten und/oder zweiten Rohgelenkteils mit Übermass (20) vorgefertigt wird, Oberflächenhärtung des ersten und/oder zweiten Rohgelenkteils, Endformung des ersten und/oder zweiten Gelenkteils aus dem gehärteten Rohgelenkteil durch Abtragen des überschüssigen Materials an dem wenigstens einen mit Übermass (20) gefertigten definierten Oberflächenbereich und Zusammenfügen der Gelenkteile durch Kaltumformung wenigstens eines Gelenkteiles zur Fixierung der Kugel-Gelenk-Verbindung.

SURFACE

Device for surface treatment of fracturing pump valve box

Energy-saving and environment-friendly automatic vacuum, carbonization and nitridation heat treatment integrated equipment furnace

Corrosion and wear resistant cold work tool steel

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PIN FOR MOLD FOR DIE CASTING PROCESS

Metal strip material with both electrically conductive and super corrosion-resistant functions and preparation method thereof

Tantalum resistor mfr - with reproducible props

Process for the formation of hardened layers on metals and their alloys

ALUMINIUM NITRIDE GRANULES

MANUFACTORING PROCESS Of an ALLOY REINFORCES BY NITRIDING PLASMA.

Proceeded of nitriding of an alloy part of titanium and device of nitrogen projection and neutral gas

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING ACID AND ALKALI RESISTANT SUBSTANCE

GOLD COLOR STEEL PLATE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A gold color plate capable of exhibiting color without peeling of a modified layer and a manufacturing method thereof capable of forming a color-modified layer through a normal annealing process without expensive special equipment are disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the manufacturing method can form a titanium-nitrogen (Ti-N) modified layer on the surface of a steel plate by annealing and heating the steel plate containing 0.3 to 1.5% by weight of titanium (Ti) at 900 °C to 1,200 °C for 30 to 300 seconds in the nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018 (AA) Use Ti ...

STEEL FOR NITROCARBURIZATION, NITROCARBURIZED COMPONENTS, AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SAME

ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Dental and Medical Instruments Comprising Titanium

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

Forged, non-heat treated, nitrided steel parts and process of making

Forged, nitrided steel parts having a high fatigue limit and bending toughness are produced without heat treatment for refining between the forging and nitriding. The steel has a composition consisting essentially, on a weight basis, of: 0.30-0.60% of C, 0.05-1.50% of Si, 0.20-2.00% of Mn, less than 0.02% of P, less than 0.04% of S, not greater than 0.30% of Cr, less than 0.01% of Al, 0.01-0.02% of N, and a balance of Fe and incidental impurities in which the content of V as an impurity is 0.02% or less. The steel composition may further contain at least one element selected from P: 0.02-0.07%, S: 0.04-0.10%, Ca: 0.0003-0.003%, and Pb: 0.01-0.20% in order to provide it with improved machinability.

Method of improvement of mechanical properties of products made of metals and alloys

The method of improvement of mechanical properties of products made of metals, mainly steels and alloys on their basis includes products nitriding in the gas atmosphere containing nitrogen and-or its compounds in the presence of a catalyst. Together the product and the catalyst are subject to hot isostatic pressing with observation of conditions of the barometric and temperature impact that provides achievement of dislocations density in the product's volume that satisfies conditions of transition of a part of the product substance into the positron state of the Dirac matter.

System for monitoring the constitution of the atmosphere of a heat-treating furnace

The control of the composition of the atmosphere of an oven for the nitridation of the surface of ferrous workpieces or similar by means of a gas containing hydrogen or ammoniac, comprises an ammonia cracking plant which introduces at least one part of the gas containing ammonia in the chamber (1) of the oven. An adjusting member (13, 14) controls the flow of the cracked ammonia towards the oven as a function of measured values which are provided by a sensor (12) from the gases samples continuously from the oven and by means of an appropriate electric circuit. To comply with the different operation conditions in a simple way and to take into account automatically all the essential parameters of the process for appropriately effecting the nitridation, the adjusting member (13, 14) controlling the supply of cracked ammonia cooperates, upstream, with a programmer (16) which provides to the adjusting member (13, 14) an order value depending on the programme. Thus, the programmer (16) controls ...

A process for nitriding an aluminum-containing substrate

When a nitride film is formed on a substrate containing at least metallic aluminum, a fluctuation in forming a nitride film can be prevented, or the formation of the nitride film can be accelerated. A substrate containing at least metallic aluminum is subjected to a heating treatment in vacuum of 10-3 torrs or less, and subsequently it is subjected to a heating/nitriding treatment in an atmosphere (5) containing at least nitrogen. During the heating/nitriding treatment, porous bodies (3) and (4) through which nitrogen atoms-containing gases (A) and (B) can flow are contacted with the atmosphere (5).

ENHANCED ACTIVATION OF SELF-PASSIVATING METALS

A workpiece made from a self passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating an oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt.

SINTERED STRUCTURAL BODY OF METAL OF HIGH MELTING POINT

PURPOSE: To prevent molten metal from permeating into the inside of a structural body and, besides, to improve the wear resistance of the surface, by forming a nitride layer on the surface of the sintered sistructural body of metal such as mold for iron die casting and thus by sealing hermetically the surface pores. COPYRIGHT: (C)1978,JPO&Japio ...

СПОСОБ АЗОТИРОВАНИЯ В ПЛАЗМЕ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ

Изобретение относится к области плазменной химико-термической обработки поверхности деталей и может быть использовано в авиадвигателестроении для повышения эксплуатационных свойств деталей, работающих при циклических нагрузках, а также позволяет интенсифицировать процесс азотирования. Способ азотирования изделий из титанового сплава в тлеющем разряде включает вакуумный нагрев изделий из титанового сплава в плазме азота повышенной плотности тлеющего разряда, при этом плазму азота повышенной плотности создают скрещенными электрическим и магнитным полями, а азотирование упомянутых изделий выполняют в рабочей смеси N15% + Ar 85% при давлении, равном 80 Па, температуре 500÷550°С в течение 1,5÷2 часов с последующей сменой смеси на N60% + Ar 40% при давлении, равном 40 Па, с выдержкой в течение 1 часа. Затем изделия охлаждают в вакууме. Обеспечивается интенсификация процесса азотирования, формирование развитого нитридного диффузионного слоя, повышение стойкости к износу, эрозии и коррозии при ...

СПОСОБ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО АЗОТИРОВАНИЯ ИЗДЕЛИЙ ИЗ ТИТАНОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ

Изобретение относится к области плазменной химико-термической обработки поверхности деталей и может быть использовано в авиадвигателестроении. Способ азотирования изделий из титанового сплава в тлеющем разряде включает вакуумный нагрев изделий из титанового сплава в тлеющем разряде в плазме азота повышенной плотности. Плазму азота повышенной плотности формируют в кольцевой области вращения электронов, захваченных магнитным полем, а азотирование упомянутых изделий выполняют в смеси газов N50%÷60% + Ar 50÷40% при давлении 40 Па и нагреве изделий до температуры 700÷730°С с выдержкой в течение 2-3 часов. Затем осуществляют восстановительный отжиг при 800÷830°С в аргоне с выдержкой в течение 30 мин, после чего изделия охлаждают в вакууме. Обеспечивается интенсификация процесса азотирования, формирование развитого нитридного диффузионного слоя, повышающего циклическую усталость. 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИЗНОСОСТОЙКИХ И ОБЛАДАЮЩИХ ВЫСОКОЙ УСТАЛОСТНОЙ ПРОЧНОСТЬЮ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ СЛОЕВ НА ДЕТАЛЯХ ИЗ ТИТАНОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ И ДЕТАЛЬ, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННАЯ ЭТИМ СПОСОБОМ

Изобретение относится к технологии улучшения функциональных деталей и способу получения износостойких и обладающих высокой усталостной прочностью поверхностных слоев на деталях из титановых сплавов и к изготовленным этим способом деталям. Лазерное легирование из газовой фазы детали из титанового сплава с использованием реакционного газа проводят таким образом, что элементы, содержащиеся в реакционном газе, образуют твердый раствор внедрения в титановом сплаве. Парциальное давление реакционного газа поддерживают так, чтобы оно оставалось ниже предельного значения, выше которого образуются фазы нитрида, карбида или борида титана. Деталь из титанового сплава имеет износостойкий поверхностный слой, полученный упомянутым способом, обладающий толщиной tR в пределах от 0,1 до 3,5 мм и состоящий из смеси мельчайших зерен α- и β-титана с присутствующими в титановом сплаве в виде твердого раствора внедрения элементами реакционного газа без образования нитридных, карбидных, оксидных или боридных фаз ...

ЛИСТ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ СТАЛИ С ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ЗЕРЕННОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к листу электротехнической стали с ориентированной зеренной структурой со стекловидной покрывающей пленкой на основе форстерита и способу его изготовления, которые могут быть использованы для получения стального сердечника электрических устройств, таких как транформатор напряжения и электрический трансформатор. Лист содержит агрегированный участок стекловидной покрывающей пленки, толщина которого непрерывно превышает вдвое или более среднюю толщину стекловидной покрывающей пленки, и размер которого в направлении, параллельном поверхности стального листа, составляет 3 мкм или более. Отношение суммарной длины агрегированных участков, пересекаемых отрезком длиной 500 мкм или более, параллельным поверхности стального листа, к длине этого отрезка составляет 0,15 или менее. Для осуществления способа изготовления упомянутого листа проводят азотирование стального листа, наносят агент, основной составляющей которого является MgO, проводят отжиг для формирования стекловидной ...

Способ повышения износостойкости и коррозионной стойкости изделий из аустенитных сталей

Изобретение относится к технологиям, обеспечивающим повышение стойкости изделий, изготовленных из аустенитных сталей, к механическим воздействиям и к воздействиям агрессивных рабочих сред за счет изменения состава и структуры их поверхностных слоев. Способ формирования износостойкого покрытия на поверхности изделий из аустенитных сталей включает две стадии. На первой стадии проводят диффузионное насыщение поверхности изделия в расплаве, содержащем свинец, литий, хром и ванадий, при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас. %: свинец 93,4-98,0, литий 0,5-0,8, хром 1-5, ванадий 0,5-0,8, которое осуществляют при температуре 650-1250 °С. На второй стадии проводят азотирование при температурах 450-650 °С в течение 2-48 часов. Технический результат - повышение износостойкости и эксплуатационного ресурса изделий, изготовленных из аустенитных сталей, в условиях воздействия на них высоких контактных напряжений и агрессивного воздействия рабочей среды. 1 табл., 4 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИЗНОСОСТОЙКИХ И ОБЛАДАЮЩИХ ВЫСОКОЙ УСТАЛОСТНОЙ ПРОЧНОСТЬЮ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ СЛОЕВ НА ДЕТАЛЯХ ИЗ ТИТАНОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ И ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫЕ ЭТИМ СПОСОБОМ ДЕТАЛИ

... 1. Способ получения износостойких и обладающих высокой усталостной прочностью поверхностных слоев на деталях из титановых сплавов путем лазерного легирования из газовой фазы, отличающийся тем, что при лазерном легировании из газовой фазы используют реакционный газ, который содержит или высвобождает элементы, способные образовывать твердый раствор внедрения в применяемом титаном сплаве, и парциальное давление которого выбирают с таким расчетом, чтобы оно оставалось ниже предельного значения, выше которого образуются фазы нитрида, карбида или борида титана. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в качестве реакционного газа, способного образовывать твердый раствор внедрения в титаном сплаве, используют азот, который вместе с инертным газом подают в зону действия лазерного излучения. 3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что объемная доля VN азота в рабочей газовой смеси составляет от 1 до 15%. 4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что для обработки деталей, подвергающихся воздействию особо высокой ...

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЗАМКНУТОГО МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО КОЛЬЦА И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРОВ С ЗАМКНУТОГО МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО КОЛЬЦА

ЛИСТ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ СТАЛИ С ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ЗЕРЕННОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Лист электротехнической стали с ориентированной зеренной структурой, содержащий стальную полосу и стекловидную покрывающую пленку на основе форстерита, сформированную на поверхности стальной полосы, при этом, когда участок, толщина которого непрерывно превышает вдвое или более среднюю толщину стекловидной покрывающей пленки и размер которого в направлении, параллельном поверхности стальной полосы, составляет 3 мкм или более, определяется как агрегированный участок, причемотношение суммарной длины агрегированных участков, пересекаемых линейным сегментом, к длине этого линейного сегмента задано составляющим 0,15 или менее в произвольном линейном сегменте, параллельном поверхности стальной полосы.2. Лист по п.1, в котором упомянутое отношение составляет 0,1 или менее.3. Лист по п.1, в котором упомянутое отношение составляет 0,09 или менее.4. Лист по п.1, в котором стальная полоса содержит Si в количестве от 2,0 мас.% до 7,0 мас.%, асодержание С в стальной полосе составляет 0,005 мас.% или ...

ТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ РАСПЫЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПОРОШОК ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ, НАХОДЯЩИХСЯ ПОД БОЛЬШОЙ НАГРУЗКОЙ

КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ИЗ Al2O3 СО СЛОЕМ, УСИЛЕННЫМ ДИФФУЗИОННЫМ СВЯЗЫВАНИЕМ

... 1. Режущий инструмент, содержащий подложку, включающую оксид алюминия и оксид циркония; и усиленный диффузным связыванием слой. 2. Режущий инструмент по п.1, дополнительно содержащий износостойкое покрытие. 3. Режущий инструмент по п.1, в котором усиленный диффузным связыванием слой включает продукты взаимодействия между газообразной смесью, содержащей азот и хлорид алюминия, и оксидом циркония. 4. Режущий инструмент по п.1, в котором толщина усиленного диффузным связыванием слоя составляет от 0,25 до 2,0 мкм. 5. Режущий инструмент по п.1, в котором усиленный диффузным связыванием слой включает по меньшей мере одно из следующих соединений: оксид циркония, нитриды циркония и нитриды алюминия. 6. Способ по п.1, в котором подложка включает от 0,5 до 45 мас.% оксида циркония. 7. Способ по п.6, в котором подложка включает от 0,5 до 26 мас.% оксида циркония. 8. Способ по п.7, в котором подложка включает от 2 до 26 мас.% оксида циркония. 9. Способ по п.8, в котором подложка включает от 9 до 11 ...

Состав защитного покрытия при химикотермической обработке

Verfahren zur Carbonitrierung von metallischen Bauteilen

Bei einem Verfahren zur Cabonitierung von metallischen Bauteilen (1) ist zumindest eine Aufkohlungsphase (C1, C2) vorgesehen, in der das metallische Bauteil (1) mit einem Kohlenstoffspendergas aufgekohlt wird. Außerdem ist eine der Aufkohlungsphase (D1, D2) zugeordnete Aufstickungsphase (C1, C2, C3) vorgesehen, die der Aufkohlungsphase (D1, D2) vorausgeht. Hierbei wird das metallische Bauteil (1) in der Aufstickungsphase zumindest oberflächig an zumindest einem Oberflächenbereich (4) des metallischen Bauteils (1) mittels eines Stickstoffspendergases aufgestickt. Hierdurch kann eine übermäßige Kohlenstoffkonzentration vermieden werden, so dass ein Bauteilversagen verhindert beziehungsweise kostenintensive Nachbearbeitungsschritte, z. B. Schleifen, eingespart werden können.

Test procedure for a nitrating furnace

It is known that ammonia dissociates at temperatures above 45 deg C. It is also known that the catalytic property of the furnace walls changes after a few weeks of operation. It is desirable to check the effectiveness of the catalyst at regular intervals. The empty furnace is heated to 450 deg C and filled with ammonia at atmospheric pressure. The gas line is then closed and the rise in pressure is measured over a period of between 5 and 15 minutes. A high rise indicates deterioration of the catalyst. Such a test is important to determine if incomplete nitration is due to a passivated surface on the workpiece or an inefficient process.

ALUMINIUMNITRIDGRANULATE

Method of improvement of mechanical properties of products made of metals and alloys

Heat treat production fixture

USE OF SURFACE-NITRATED MOLYBDENUM FOR EXTRUDING STENCILS

PROBE FOR CONTINUOUS REGULATION THE GASATMOSPHERE IN NITRATING OR NITROKARBURIERVERFAHREN IN FURNACE WITH ATMOSPHERI OR LOW PRESSURE

NITRIDED MOLE CRAVING MATERIAL WITH HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE, HIGH FIRMNESS AND HIGH TENACITY AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR IT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COATING FILM FROM CRYSTALLINE TITANIUM OXIDE BY ELECTROLYTIC ANODISING

Producing optionally-doped coating of amorphous silicon, germanium or their oxides on metallic substrate, subjects area to oxidation before coating deposition

Locally in the substrate (2), and optionally before deposition of the coating (6), the nitrogen content is increased. In a novel procedure, before coating deposition, the surface (3) area is subjected to oxidation (4). Oxidation follows nitriding. Nitrogen content is increased by plasma-nitriding or plasma nitro-carburizing. Steam is used for oxidation. The coating is doped with carbon and/or nitrogen, at least over a fraction of the layer thickness (5). A concentration gradient of carbon and/or nitrogen is imposed in the coating. Pulsed discharge is used for coating deposition. The layer thickness is 1-25 mu m. Nitriding and/or oxidation are carried out to achieve a layer thickness (7) of 3-50 mu m. The coating is doped with at least one metallic element. It is doped with at least one further non-metallic element. Nitriding, oxidation and deposition of the coating are carried out in a single plant. An independent claim is included for corresponding processing equipment.

PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF A HARDNESS LAYER IN THE CONSTRUCTION UNIT FROM TITANIUM OR TITANIUM ALLOYS.

UEBERZUGSMATERIAL, WHICH FORMS A DIFFUSION BARRIER.

USE OF MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS

Method of surface hardening orthopedic implant devices

METHOD OF SURFACE HARDENING OF TITANE AND ITS ALLOYS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREBY

METHOD OF USING A THERMAL PLASMA TO PRODUCE A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED COMPOSITE SURFACE LAYER ON METALS

A method of material treatment in which the surface of a metal substrate is converted to a composite structure of the metal and its nitride or carbide utilizing a high temperature chemically active thermal plasma stream, and the product obtained from that method. The complex thermal plasma contains controllable additions of active gas, liquid or solid substances. The surface layer obtained is functionally graded to the substrate resulting in an excellent bond that resists delamination and spalling, and provides a significant increase in hardness, wear and erosion resistance, and corrosion resistance, and a decrease in coefficient of friction.

TRANSITION METAL NITRIDE, SEPARATOR FOR FUEL CELLS, FUEL CELL STACK, FUEL CELL VEHICLE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TRANSITION METAL NITRIDE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEPARATOR FORFUEL CELLS

A transition metal nitride obtained by nitriding a base material including an austenitic stainless steel having a Cr concentration of 25 % or more includes a first layer (first nitrided layer) formed continuously on a base layer formed by the base material, having a stacked crystal structure of a nano-level including a nitride having a cubic crystal structure of M4N type, and a nitride having a hexagonal crystal structure of M2-3N type, and a second layer (second nitrided layer) formed continuously on the first layer, including a nitride having at least one kind of crystal structure out of hexagonal crystal structures of Cr2N, CrN, and M2-3N type, and a cubic crystal structure of M4N type, and being formed as a surface-nitriding-processed portion of the base material continuously in a depth direction from a surface of the base material.

SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD FOR METAL MATERIAL AND MOLD TREATED BY SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD

A surface treatment method for a metal material is provided which includes applying diluted sulfuric acid to a surface of the metal material that is composed primarily of iron, performing a heat treatment on the metal material in the presence of at least one of CO, C02 and organic gas under nitriding conditions under which a nitrided layer is formed in a superficial layer of the metal material after the application of the diluted sulfuric acid to form a carbon film which includes at least one of carbon nanocoils, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofilaments on a surface of the nitrided layer of the metal material.

SURFACE

A process for producing a fluid transfer surface, which process comprises: providing a titanium or titanium alloy surface; subjecting the titanium or titanium alloy surface to surface hardening by interstitial element absorption to provide a hardened surface; and, if required engraving the hardened surface to provide a desired surface topography.

Method and Apparatus for Nitriding Metal Articles

A method and apparatus for nitriding of highly-alloyed metal article is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method and apparatus uses at least one nitrogen source gas such as nitrogen and/or ammonia in an oxygen-free nitriding gas atmosphere, with small additions of one or more hydrocarbons. In this or other embodiments, the method and apparatus described herein is applicable to metal articles comprising iron, nickel and cobalt based alloys and which tend to form passive oxide films on at least a portion of their surface, heated to and nitrided at a certain temperature without prior surface preparation. The apparatus includes an external gas injector comprising 50-60 Hz AC, high voltage/low-current arc discharge electrodes, activating the nitriding atmosphere stream on its way from source to nitriding furnace.

Dental and Medical Instruments Comprising Titanium

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

Casting die

The present invention provides a casting die that can achieve the improved fluidity of molten metal and the improved ease release of castings from die. The casting die 10 comprises area of dimples D where a plurality of first dimples are formed in semispherical shape on the surface of the cavity 11 with no particular indication of direction and in a dispersed manner and where the ratio of communication is 80% or more, which ratio of communication is defined by the ratio of the number of the first dimples 12 that constitute the bound dimples 12 b , which each comprise one or more of the dimples, to the total number of the first dimples 12 . So, in the area of dimples D a number of bound dimples 12 b that work as short flow-channels that have no particular indication of direction are randomly formed, thus improving the fluidity of the molten metal.

Dental and Medical Instruments Comprising Titanium

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

Crucible for photovoltaics

A method for producing a workpiece comprising a layer of an additive-free silicon nitride includes providing a base body of the workpiece. A layer of a slip comprising a silicon powder is applied to an inside of the base body so as to obtain a coated base body. The coated base body is subjected to a reactive firing under nitrogen so as to convert the silicon powder to the additive-free silicon nitride.

Thermal nitriding process for components of implantable medical devices

A component of an implantable medical device comprises a body comprising at least one external surface, the body comprising at least one of titanium, titanium-based alloys, and composites thereof, and a corrosion-resistant surface region at the at least one external surface, the corrosion-resistant surface region comprising at least one of titanium nitride, dititanium nitride, and a solid solution of nitrogen dissolved in the body, wherein the corrosion-resistant surface region is formed by thermal nitridation of the body.

High-strength transmission gear and method of manufacturing the same

Disclosed herein is a high-strength transmission gear, manufactured by gas-nitriding a nitriding steel having a composition including iron (Fe) as a main component, 0.25˜0.40 wt % of carbon (C), 0.50˜1.0 wt % of manganese (Mn), 2.0˜3.0 wt % of chromium (Cr), 0.3˜1.0 wt % of molybdenum (Mo), 0.2˜0.7 wt % of copper (Cu), 0.03˜0.1 wt % of niobium (Nb), 0.03˜0.1 wt % of aluminum (Al), 0.05˜0.15 wt % of vanadium (V), 0.001˜0.005 wt % of boron (B) and other inevitable impurities. More specifically, while gas-nitriding of the nitriding steel, the temperature is increased in steps, and the ratio of nitrogen gas in the nitriding steel is decreased in steps.

METHOD FOR FORMING A TUBULAR MEDICAL DEVICE

A method and process for at least partially forming a medical device that is at least partially formed of a metal alloy which improves the physical properties of the medical device. 126-. (canceled)27. A method for forming a medical device comprising the steps of:a) forming a rod or tube having a surface and an outer cross-sectional area, said rod or tube including a metal alloy that is formed of over 50 weight percent of a solid solution of molybdenum and rhenium or tungsten and tantalum;b) drawing down said outer cross-sectional area of said rod or tube by a reducing mechanism;c) annealing said rod or tube at an annealing temperature in an oxygen reducing environment or inert environment after said rod or tube has been drawn down;d) drawing down said cross-sectional area of said rod or tube by the reducing mechanism after said rod or tube has been annealed; and,e) annealing said rod or tube at least one additional time at an annealing temperature that is a lower temperature than at least one annealing temperature of a previous annealing of said rod or tube.28. The method as defined in claim 27 , wherein said step of forming said rod or tube includes a process of isostatically pressing metal powder together and subsequently sintering said metal power to form said rod or tube in a controlled atmosphere claim 27 , said rod or tube having an average density of about 0.7-0.95 a minimum theoretical density of said metal alloy claim 27 , said rod or tube have an average density of about 12-14 gm/cc claim 27 , said controlled atmosphere including an inert atmosphere claim 27 , an oxygen reducing atmosphere claim 27 , or a vacuum.29. The method as defined in claim 28 , wherein said tube is formed by gun drilling claim 28 , EDM cutting claim 28 , or combinations thereof a passageway at least partially through a longitudinal length of said rod.30. The method as defined in claim 27 , wherein said step of forming said rod or tube includes a) forming an ingot of metal claim 27 ...

METHOD OF FORMING RIGID LAYER ON TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOY HAVING RIGID LAYER FORMED BY THE SAME

Disclosed is a method capable of inexpensively forming a gradient-hardened rigid layer which has characteristics of functionally graded material on the surface layer of titanium. The method includes (a) injecting titanium into a heat treatment apparatus and performing ventilation to maintain an atmospheric pressure of 10torr or less, (b) performing a pretreatment process of heating the titanium at 730 to 800° C. for 10 minutes to 5 hours to remove an oxide film formed on the surface of the titanium, (c) injecting one or more gases selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon into the heat treatment apparatus and heating the titanium at 740 to 950° C. for 30 minutes to 20 hours such that a gradient-hardened rigid layer having a concentration gradient of the gases is formed on the surface of the titanium, and (d) cooling the titanium. 1. A method of forming a gradient-hardened rigid layer on a surface of titanium , the method comprising the steps of:{'sup': '−4', '(a) injecting titanium into a heat treatment apparatus and performing ventilation to maintain an atmospheric pressure of 10torr or less;'}(b) performing a pretreatment process of heating the titanium at 730 to 800° C. for 10 minutes to 5 hours to remove an oxide film formed on the surface of the titanium;(c) injecting one or more gases selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon into the heat treatment apparatus and heating the titanium at 740 to 950° C. for 30 minutes to 20 hours such that a gradient-hardened layer having a concentration gradient of the gases is formed on the surface of the titanium; and(d) cooling the titanium.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atmospheric pressure of the step (a) is 5×10torr or less.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (b) is performed for 10 minutes to 1 hour.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the step (c) is higher than that in the step (b).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (c) is performed at 740 to 850° C.6. The method of claim 1 , ...

High Temperature Nitriding of Titanium Parts

A method and apparatus for manufacturing a part. The part may be positioned in a chamber. The part may be comprised of a metal and may be a positioned part. A gas containing nitrogen may be sent into the chamber. An electromagnetic field may be generated in the chamber with the gas. The electromagnetic field may heat a portion of the metal in the positioned part to a temperature from about 60 percent to about 99 percent of the melting point of the metal such that the portion of the metal has a desired hardness. The portion of the metal may extend from a surface of the positioned part to a selected depth from the surface. 1. A method for manufacturing a part , the method comprising:positioning the part in a chamber in which the part is comprised of a metal;sending a gas containing nitrogen into the chamber; andgenerating an electromagnetic field in the chamber with the gas in which the electromagnetic field heats a portion of the metal in the positioned part, in which the portion of the metal extends from a surface of the positioned part to a selected depth from the surface, to a temperature from about 60 percent to about 99 percent of a melting point of the metal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the metal has a desired hardness while reducing undesired changes to mechanical properties of the positioned part below the selected depth.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of generating the electromagnetic field in the chamber with the gas in which the electromagnetic field heats the portion of the metal in the positioned part claim 2 , in which the portion of the metal extends from the surface of the positioned part to the selected depth from the surface claim 2 , to the temperature from about 60 percent to about 99 percent of the melting point of the metal such that the portion of the metal has the desired hardness while reducing the undesired changes to the mechanical properties of the positioned part below the selected depth comprises: ...

SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD FOR METAL MATERIAL AND MOLD TREATED BY SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD

A surface treatment method for a metal material is provided which includes applying diluted sulfuric acid to a surface of the metal material that is composed primarily of iron, performing a heat treatment on the metal material in the presence of at least one of CO, COand organic gas under nitriding conditions under which a nitrided layer is formed in a superficial layer of the metal material after the application of the diluted sulfuric acid to form a carbon film which includes at least one of carbon nanocoils, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofilaments on a surface of the nitrided layer of the metal material. 1. A surface treatment method for a metal material , comprising:applying diluted sulfuric acid to a surface of the metal material that is composed primarily of iron,{'sub': '2', 'performing a heat treatment on the metal material in the presence of at least one of CO, COand organic gas under nitriding conditions under which a nitrided layer is formed in a superficial layer of the metal material after the diluted sulfuric acid is applied to the surface of the metal material to form a carbon film which includes at least one of carbon nanocoils, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofilaments on a surface of the nitrided layer of the metal material.'}2. The surface treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrided layer is formed in the superficial layer of the metal material in an ammonia gas atmosphere.3. The surface treatment method according to claim 1 , further comprising imparting stress to the superficial layer of the metal material before the diluted sulfuric acid is applied to the surface of the metal material.4. The surface treatment method according to claim 3 , wherein the stress is imparted to the superficial layer of the metal material by shot blasting.5. The surface treatment method according to claim 1 , further comprising applying fullerene to a surface of the carbon film.6. The surface treatment method according to claim 5 , further ...

Razor blade coating

A razor blade that includes a substrate with a cutting edge, the substrate includes (a) a thin-film of a first material disposed thereon, the thin-film having a thickness less than 1 μm; (b) a mixed nitride-thin-film interregion disposed at or adjacent a surface of the thin-film and a surface of the substrate; and (c) a nitride region disposed adjacent the mixed nitride-thin-film interregion.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SURFACE-TREATED METAL TITANIUM MATERIAL OR TITANIUM ALLOY MATERIAL, AND SURFACE-TREATED MATERIAL

A material that is useful as a wear-resistant member, a highly functional photocatalytic material, a photoelectric conversion element material, etc., is produced without the need for complicated processes or complicated handling, which are problems of the prior art. Provided is a method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material, the method comprising the steps of (1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material, and (2) heating the metallic titanium material with titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) in an oxidizing atmosphere. Also provided is a method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material, the method comprising, between steps (1) and (2) above, the step of anodizing the metallic titanium material with titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) in an electrolyte solution that does not have an etching effect on titanium, thereby forming a titanium oxide film. Further provided is a surface-treated material. 1. A method for producing a surface-treated metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material used for an application selected from the group consisting of photocatalytic materials , photoelectric conversion element materials , slide-resistant materials , and wear-resistant materials , the method comprising the steps of:(1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material or a titanium alloy material by one treatment method selected from the group consisting of heat treatment under ammonia gas atmosphere and heat treatment under nitrogen gas atmosphere, at a heating temperature of 750° C. or more;(2) anodizing the metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material with the titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) by applying a voltage of 10 V or more in an electrolyte solution that does not have an etching effect on titanium, thereby ...

COLD SPRAY PROCESS USING TREATED METAL POWDER

A method of applying a metal comprising titanium to a substrate is disclosed. The method comprises nitriding the surface of metal powder particles comprising titanium by contacting the particles with a first gas comprising nitrogen in a fluidized bed reactor, and depositing the metal powder particles onto the substrate with cold spray deposition using a second gas. 1. A method of applying a metal comprising titanium to a substrate , the method comprising:nitriding the surface of metal powder particles comprising titanium by contacting the particles with a first gas comprising nitrogen in a fluidized bed reactor; anddepositing the metal powder particles onto the substrate with cold spray deposition using a second gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal powder particles comprise at least one titanium or titanium alloy selected from grades 5 (Ti—6Al—4V) and 23 (Ti—6Al—4V) claim 1 , according to ASTM B861-10.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal powder particles comprise at least one titanium or titanium alloy selected from Ti—6Al—4V claim 2 , Ti—3Al—2.5V claim 2 , Ti—5Al—2.5Sn claim 2 , Ti—8Al—1Mo—1V claim 2 , Ti—6Al—2Sn—4Zr—2Mo claim 2 , α+β Ti—6Al—4V claim 2 , and near β Ti—10V—2Fe—3Al.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal powder particles after nitriding comprise nitrogen at the particle surface and also comprise an internal particle portion that is free of nitrogen.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal powder particles after nitriding have a surface nitrogen content ranging from 5.96 wt. % to 12.22 wt. % as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal powder particles after nitriding have a nitrogen:oxygen surface wt. % ratio of from 5.96:26.2 to 12.26:16.75 as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas comprises at least 1 vol. % nitrogen.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas consists essentially of nitrogen.9. The method of ...

TITANIUM POWDER CONTAINING SOLID-SOLUTED NITROGEN, TITANIUM MATERIAL, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TITANIUM POWDER CONTAINING SOLID-SOLUTED NITROGEN

A method for producing titanium powder containing a solid-soluted nitorogen comprises the step of heating titanium powder comprised of titanium particles in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere to dissolve nitrogen atoms and form a solid solution of nitrogen atom in a matrix of the titanium particle. 1. A method for producing titanium powder containing a solid-soluted nitrogen , the method comprising:heating titanium powder comprising titanium particles in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere to dissolve nitrogen atoms and form a solid solution of nitrogen atoms in a matrix of the titanium particles.2. The method for producing the titanium powder containing the solid-soluted nitrogen according to claim 1 , whereina heating temperature for forming the solid solution of the nitrogen atoms in the matrix of the titanium particles is 400° C. or more and 800° C. or less.3. A titanium powder containing the solid-soluted nitrogen produced by the method according to whereinthe titanium particles have a nitrogen content of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.65 mass % or less.4. A titanium material formed with the titanium powder containing the solid-soluted nitrogen according to into a predetermined shape.5. The titanium material according to claim 4 , whereinthe titanium material is an extruded material formed by extrusion of the titanium powder containing the solid-soluted nitrogen,the extruded material has a nitrogen content of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.65 mass % or less, andthe extruded material has an elongation to failure of 10% or more.6. The method for producing the titanium powder containing the solid-soluted nitrogen according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium powder is heated for a predetermined period of time to cause the titanium particles in the matrix of titanium particles to have a nitrogen content of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.65 mass % or less claim 1 , the nitrogen content being based claim 1 , at least in part claim 1 , on the predetermined period of time. The present ...

ENDLESS METAL RING MANUFACTURING METHOD AND ENDLESS METAL RING RESIN REMOVAL DEVICE

Provided is an endless metal ring manufacturing method for manufacturing an endless metal ring by carrying out a barrel polishing step for polishing the endless metal ring by using a barrel of a resin material, a rolling step for rolling the endless metal ring which was cleaned, and a nitriding step for nitriding the endless metal ring which was rolled, wherein after the barrel polishing step and before the rolling step, provided is a resin removing step for removing resin that has adhered to the endless metal ring. 1a barrel polishing step of polishing an endless metal ring by use of a barrel made of resin;a rolling step of rolling the endless metal ring having been washed; anda nitriding step of nitriding the rolled endless metal ring,wherein the manufacturing method further includes a resin removal step of removing the resin that has adhered to the endless metal ring,the resin removal step is performed after the barrel polishing step and before the rolling step,the resin removal step includes soaking the endless metal ring into a liquid to perform ultrasonic washing; andthe resin removal step includes rotating the endless metal ring in a circumferential direction about an axis of the endless metal ring to wash the endless metal ring.. An endless metal ring manufacturing method including: This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/765,185 filed Jul. 31, 2015, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. U.S. application Ser. No. 14/765,185 is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2013/063260 filed May 13, 2013.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an endless metal ring for constituting a laminated ring mounted in a CVT belt, and relates to a technique of preventing generation of nitriding failure during manufacturing of the endless metal ring by improving a washing process and a washing method.In recent years, there have been increased vehicles provided with a continuously variable transmission ( ...

ENDLESS METAL RING MANUFACTURING METHOD AND ENDLESS METAL RING RESIN REMOVAL DEVICE

Provided is an endless metal ring manufacturing method for manufacturing an endless metal ring by carrying out a barrel polishing step for polishing the endless metal ring by using a barrel of a resin material, a rolling step for rolling the endless metal ring which was cleaned, and a nitriding step for nitriding the endless metal ring which was rolled, wherein after the barrel polishing step and before the rolling step, provided is a resin removing step for removing resin that has adhered to the endless metal ring. 1. An endless metal ring resin removal device configured to wash and hold the endless metal ring , a holding tool for holding the endless metal ring;', 'a rotation mechanism configured to rotate the endless metal ring in a circumferential direction of the endless metal ring with the holding tool;', 'a washing tank filled with a liquid for ultrasonic washing of the endless metal ring; and', 'an ultrasonic wave generator for performing the ultrasonic washing., 'wherein the endless metal ring resin removal device includes2. The endless metal ring resin removal device according to claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic washing device is operated while the rotation mechanism rotates the endless metal ring in the circumferential direction to remove resin having adhered to a surface of the endless metal ring. This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/765,185 filed Jul. 31, 2015, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. U.S. application Ser. No. 14/765,185 is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2013/063260 filed May 13, 2013.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an endless metal ring for constituting a laminated ring mounted in a CVT belt, and relates to a technique of preventing generation of nitriding failure during manufacturing of the endless metal ring by improving a washing process and a washing method.In recent years, there have been increased vehicles provided with a continuously ...

METHOD OF PREPARING METAL NITRIDE, ELECTROCATALYST WTH THE METAL NITRIDE AND USE THEREOF

A method of preparing a metal nitride includes the steps of: a) subjecting a metal precursor to plasma treatment to form the metal nitride, the metal precursor including a transition metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, cobalt, iron and molybdenum; and b) cooling down the metal nitride after the step a). An electrocatalyst including the metal nitride and a method of conducting water hydrolysis by using an electrocatalyst comprising the metal nitride is also disclosed. 1. A method of preparing a metal nitride , the method comprising steps of:a) subjecting a metal substrate to plasma treatment to form the metal nitride on at least a part of its surface, the metal substrate comprises a transition metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, cobalt, iron, molybdenum, copper and manganese; andb) cooling down and obtaining a product comprising or consisting of the metal nitride.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma treatment in the step a) is conducted at a temperature of more than 200° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma treatment in the step a) is conducted in the presence of a plasma produced from nitrogen gas claim 1 , hydrogen gas or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma treatment in the step a) is conducted for less than 24 hours.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal substrate is a metal sheet or a metal foam.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal nitride is CoN claim 1 , CoN claim 1 , CoN claim 1 , FeN claim 1 , FeN claim 1 , TiN claim 1 , TiN claim 1 , MoN or MoN.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the metal nitride is CoN claim 6 , FeN claim 6 , or TiN.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal substrate is a metal current collector.9. The method of further comprising a step of washing the metal substrate with at least one solvent to remove impurities on its surface claim 1 , prior to the step a).10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the metal substrate is washed with acetone ...

DUPLEX SURFACE TREATMENT FOR TITANIUM ALLOYS

A surface treatment for a metal substrate includes a nitride layer and a diamond-like carbon coating on said nitride layer. The metal substrate can be a titanium-containing substrate. The nitride layer and diamond-like carbon coating serve to improve the tribological properties of the metal substrate. 1. A surface treatment for a titanium-containing substrate comprising a nitride layer and a diamond-like carbon coating on said nitride layer.2. The surface treatment of claim 1 , wherein said nitride layer has a thickness of from 3 to 15 μm.3. The surface treatment of claim 1 , wherein said nitride layer has a hardness of from 300 HV to 1800 HV.4. The surface treatment of claim 1 , wherein said nitride layer has a hardness of 700 HV or more.5. The surface treatment of claim 1 , wherein said diamond-like carbon coating includes a gradient layer between an adhesion layer and a top functional layer claim 1 , said adhesion layer being proximate said nitride layer.6. The surface treatment of claim 1 , wherein said diamond-like carbon coating has a hardness of 9 GPa or more.7. A coated metal substrate comprising a titanium-containing substrate having a nitride layer claim 1 , and a diamond-like carbon coating on top of said nitride layer.8. The coated metal substrate of claim 7 , wherein said titanium-containing substrate includes 50 wt. % or more titanium.9. The coated metal substrate of claim 7 , wherein said titanium-containing substrate includes 80 wt. % or more titanium.10. The coated metal substrate of claim 7 , wherein said titanium-containing substrate is a nickel titanium alloy.11. The coated metal substrate of claim 10 , wherein said titanium-containing substrate is represented by the formula NiTi claim 10 , where x is in a range of from 0.30 to 0.70.12. The coated metal substrate of claim 11 , where x is in a range of from 0.35 to 0.50.13. The coated metal substrate of claim 7 , wherein said titanium-containing substrate is selected from the group consisting of a ...

METHOD OF HEAT TREATMENT AND THE DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF FURNACE OF HEAT TREATMENT

A furnace of heat treatment capable of keeping a stable nitriding quality for a long period of time is provided. The furnace of heat treatment performs a halogenation treatment and a nitriding treatment by heating a steel material under a predetermined atmosphere. An alloy containing Ni ranging between 50 mass % or more and 80 mass % or less and Fe ranging between 0 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less is used as a material of surfaces of core internals exposed to a treatment space where the nitriding treatment is performed. Accordingly, a nitriding reaction is hardly caused on the surfaces of the core internals, and the halogenation treatment and the nitriding treatment to an article to be treated can be stably executed for a long period of time. Further, a nitrided layer can be stably formed according to purposes on any types of steel materials including a steel type hard to be nitride. 1. A method of heat treatment for performing a halogenation treatment and a nitriding treatment by heating a steel material under a predetermined atmosphere , comprising:using an alloy containing Ni ranging between 50 mass % or more and 80 mass % or less and Fe ranging between 0 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less as a material of a surface of a core internal exposed to a treatment space where at least the nitriding treatment is performed; andremoving at least a portion of a nitrided layer, when the halogenation treatment and the nitriding treatment are repeated, in a case where the nitrided layer formed on the surface of the core internal has a thickness beyond 25 μm.2. Directions for use of furnace of heat treatment for performing a halogenation treatment and a nitriding treatment by heating a steel material under a predetermined atmosphere , comprising:using an alloy containing Ni ranging between 50 mass % or more and 80 mass % or less and Fe ranging between 0 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less as a material of a surface of a core internal exposed to a treatment space where ...

GAS FLOW ACCELERATOR TO PREVENT BUILDUP OF PROCESSING BYPRODUCT IN A MAIN PUMPING LINE OF A SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING TOOL

A gas flow accelerator may include a body portion, and a tapered body portion including a first end integrally formed with the body portion. The gas flow accelerator may include an inlet port connected to the body portion and to receive a process gas to be removed from a semiconductor processing tool by a main pumping line. The semiconductor processing tool may include a chuck and a chuck vacuum line to apply a vacuum to the chuck to retain a semiconductor device. The tapered body portion may be configured to generate a rotational flow of the process gas to prevent buildup of processing byproduct on interior walls of the main pumping line. The gas flow accelerator may include an outlet port integrally formed with a second end of the tapered body portion. An end portion of the chuck vacuum line may be provided through the outlet port. 1. A semiconductor processing tool , comprising:a process chamber body;a gas inlet line connected to the process chamber body and to provide a process gas to the process chamber body;a chuck provided within the process chamber body and to support a semiconductor device to be processed by the semiconductor processing tool;a chuck vacuum line connected to the chuck and to apply a vacuum to the chuck to retain the semiconductor device against the chuck; wherein an end portion of the chuck vacuum line is provided within the main pumping line,', 'wherein an orientation of the end portion of the chuck vacuum line is approximately parallel to an orientation of the main pumping line to prevent buildup of processing byproduct on interior walls of the main pumping line;, 'a main pumping line connected to the process chamber body and to remove the process gas from the process chamber body after the semiconductor device is processed,'}a gas flow accelerator provided within the main pumping line and around the end portion of the chuck vacuum line; anda pump connected to the main pumping line, to cause the process gas to be removed from the process ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A PIN FOR A MOLD FOR A DIE CASTING PROCESS

A method of manufacturing a pin () for a o mold () includes forming the pin () to include a substantially uniform initial hardness throughout the entire structure of the formed pin (). The formed pin () is then processed with a hardening process, such that the processed pin() exhibits a hardness defining a hardness gradient that gradually increases from the initial hardness at a central interior region () of the pin () to an increased surface hardness at an exterior surface () of the pin (). After processing the pin () with the hardening process, a coating () maybe deposited onto the exterior surface () of the pin () with a physical vapor deposition process. The coating () exhibits a hardness that is greater than the hardness of the increased surface hardness of the exterior surface () of the pin (). The pin () may include, for example, a core pin, a squeeze pin, or an ejector pin. 1. A method of manufacturing a pin for a mold for a die casting process , the method comprising:forming the pin from a metal material to define a desired shape, such that the pin includes a substantially uniform initial hardness throughout the entire structure of the formed pin; andprocessing the formed pin with a hardening process such that the processed pin exhibits a hardness that gradually increases from the initial hardness at a central interior region of the pin to an increased surface hardness at an exterior surface of the pin.2. The method set forth in further comprising depositing a coating onto the exterior surface of the pin with a physical vapor deposition process claim 1 , wherein the coating exhibits a hardness that is greater than the hardness of the increased surface hardness of the exterior surface of the pin.3. The method set forth in wherein the coating is a ceramic coating.4. The method set forth in wherein the coating exhibits a hardness greater than HRC80 as defined by the Rockwell hardness test.5. The method set forth in wherein the initial hardness of the pin is ...

Heat Treat Production Fixture

A method for manufacturing a metal structure () for use in a downhole assembly comprises plastically deforming at least a portion of the metal structure (); and heating at least the deformed portion of the metal structure to a temperature below its critical and/or transformation temperature. An assembly for performing the method comprises a production fixture () configured to receive the metal structure (), wherein the production fixture is adapted to undergo heating to a temperature below and/or up to the critical and/or transformation temperature of the metal structure. By heating at least the deformed portion of the metal structure to a temperature below its critical and/or transformation temperature, the metal structure may undergo stress relief, which may help prevent undesirable movement of deformed portion, e.g. collet fingers of a catching apparatus, against the direction of deformation after impact(s) and/or shock(s) from moving objects, in use. 1. A method for manufacturing a metal structure for use in a downhole assembly , the method comprising:plastically deforming at least a portion of the metal structure; andheating at least the deformed portion of the metal structure to a temperature below its critical and/or transformation temperature.2. A method according to claim 1 , comprising providing or arranging the metal structure on a production fixture.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the production fixture comprises a mandrel.4. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the production fixture defines a substantially cylindrical outer surface claim 2 , and/or a tapered profile outer surface.5. A method according to claim 2 , comprising plastically deforming at least a portion of the metal structure by forcing the metal structure onto the production fixture.6. A method according to claim 2 , comprising securing and/or fixing the metal structure to the production fixture.7. A method according to claim 6 , comprising securing and/or fixing the metal ...

ENHANCED ACTIVATION OF SELF-PASSIVATING METALS

A workpiece made from a self passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating an oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt. 1. A process for activating a workpiece for subsequent low temperature carburizing , nitrocarburizing or nitriding , the workpiece being made from a self passivating metal and having one or more surface regions which define a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation , the process comprising exposing the workpiece to contact with vapors produced by heating an oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt to a temperature which is high enough to convert the oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt to vapors , the workpiece being exposed to these vapors at an activating temperature which is below a temperature at which nitride and/or carbide precipitates form for a time sufficient to activate the workpiece.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt is an ionic compound which (1) includes a halide anion that provides the oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt with a room temperature solubility in water of at least 5 moles/liter claim 1 , (2) contains at least one nitrogen atom claim 1 , (3) contains no oxygen claim 1 , and (4) vaporizes when heated to a temperature of 350° C. at atmospheric pressure.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt is ammonium chloride claim 2 , ammonium fluoride claim 2 , guanidinium chloride claim 2 , guanidinium fluoride claim 2 , pyridinium chloride claim 2 , pyridinium fluoride or mixtures thereof.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt is ammonium chloride claim 3 , guanidinium chloride or mixtures thereof.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the oxygen-free nitrogen halide salt is ammonium chloride.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the ...

Wear Resistant Vapor Deposited Coating, Method of Coating Deposition and Applications Therefor

A low friction top coat over a multilayer metal/ceramic bondcoat provides a conductive substrate, such as a rotary tool, with wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The top coat further provides low friction and anti-stickiness as well as high compressive stress. The high compressive stress provided by the top coat protects against degradation of the tool due to abrasion and torsional and cyclic fatigue. Substrate temperature is strictly controlled during the coating process to preserve the bulk properties of the substrate and the coating. The described coating process is particularly useful when applied to shape memory alloys. 1. A method for producing a wear resistant edge applied to a shape memory alloy , wherein the temperature of the shape memory alloy is controlled through the vapor deposition process , the method comprising the steps of:i) providing a blank (unsharpened) substrate capable of electrical conduction by applying at least one finishing method selected from the group consisting of sandblasting, chemical cleaning, electrolytic cleaning, grinding, polishing, vibratory tumbling and ion etching to produce a cleaned substrate;ii) depositing a metal-ceramic coating on the cleaned blank substrate by a vapor deposition process, the metal-ceramic coating comprising at least one pair of a metallic layer selected from the group consisting of boron, silicon, titanium, chromium, vanadium, aluminum, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, hafnium, zirconium, and alloys thereof; overlayed by a ceramic layer selected from the group consisting of nitrides, carbides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, borides, carboborides, borocarbonitrides, silicides, borosilicides and combinations thereof;iii) grinding a sharp flute to produce a sharpened substrate; andiv) cleaning the sharpened substrate by applying at least one finishing method selected from the group consisting of sandblasting, chemical cleaning, electrolytic cleaning, grinding, polishing, vibratory tumbling and ion etching ...

Method of manufacturing a seal

A method for manufacturing a seal is disclosed. The method includes forming a layer of a hardened metal layer on a metal base plate. Further, the method includes melting the layer of the hardened metal in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a layer of metal nitride. Furthermore, the method includes depositing a plurality of layers of a metal alloy on the layer of metal nitride to form a main seal body portion, wherein the layer of metal nitride and the main seal body portion together correspond to the seal.

Method for Manufacturing ScAlN Target

The invention relates to a method for producing a scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN) target body for pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which includes the steps of: providing a scandium aluminum alloy body; pulverizing the scandium aluminum alloy body into scandium aluminum particles; nitridizing the scandium aluminum particles into scandium aluminium nitride particles; and hot pressing the scandium aluminum nitride particles into a scandium aluminum nitride target body.

Methods Of Fabricating Ceramic Or Intermetallic Parts

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece. 1. A method of manufacturing a part , comprising:printing a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece via an additive manufacturing process; andsubjecting the porous metallic workpiece to a diffusion-based process and thereby converting at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece,wherein the porous metallic workpiece comprises a metal or a metal alloy that forms one of a carbide, a nitride, a boride, an oxide, a silicide, or an intermetallic upon being subjected to a reaction atmosphere of the diffusion-based process.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising infiltrating the ceramic workpiece or the intermetallic workpiece with a binder material and thereby producing a composite.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein infiltrating the ceramic workpiece or the intermetallic workpiece with a binder material comprises:liquefying the binder material; andinfiltrating at least a portion of a porous network of the ceramic workpiece or the intermetallic workpiece with a liquefied binder material.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising penetrating at least a portion of a porous network of the porous metallic workpiece with a media of the reaction atmosphere claim 1 , wherein the media is selected from the group consisting of methane claim 1 , air claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , endogas claim 1 , exogas claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , charcoal claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , nitriding salts claim 1 , boron claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , a vaporized metal claim 1 , a molten metal claim 1 , and any combination thereof5. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the porous metallic workpiece to the diffusion-based ...

METHODS OF FABRICATING CERAMIC OR INTERMETALLIC PARTS

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece. 1. Apart , comprising:a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.2. The part of claim 1 , wherein the additive manufacturing process is selected from the group consisting of laser sintering claim 1 , laser melting claim 1 , electron-beam melting claim 1 , laser metal deposition claim 1 , fused deposition modeling claim 1 , fused filament fabrication claim 1 , selective laser sintering claim 1 , stereolithography claim 1 , laminated object manufacturing claim 1 , polyjet claim 1 , and any combination thereof.3. The part of claim 1 , wherein the part is selected from the group consisting of an oilfield drill bit or cutting tool claim 1 , a non-retrievable drilling component claim 1 , an aluminum drill bit body claim 1 , a drill-string stabilizer claim 1 , a cone for a roller-cone drill bit claim 1 , a model for forging dies claim 1 , an arm for a fixed reamer claim 1 , an arm for an expandable reamer claim 1 , an internal component associated with an expandable reamer claim 1 , a sleeve attachable to an uphole end of a rotary drill bit claim 1 , a rotary steering tool claim 1 , a logging-while-drilling tool claim 1 , a measurement-while-drilling tool claim 1 , a side-wall coring tool claim 1 , a fishing spear claim 1 , a washover tool claim 1 , a rotor claim 1 , a stator and/or housing for a downhole drilling motor claim 1 , a blade for a downhole turbine claim 1 , armor plating claim 1 , an automotive component claim 1 , a bicycle frame claim 1 , a brake fin claim 1 , an ...

TREATMENTS TO ENHANCE MATERIAL STRUCTURES

A method of forming a semiconductor structure includes pre-cleaning a surface of a substrate, forming an interfacial layer on the pre-cleaned surface of the substrate, depositing a high-κ dielectric layer on the interfacial layer, performing a plasma nitridation process to insert nitrogen atoms in the deposited high-κ dielectric layer, and performing a post-nitridation anneal process to passivate chemical bonds in the plasma nitridated high-κ dielectric layer. 1. A method of forming a semiconductor structure , the method comprising: pre-cleaning a surface of a substrate;', 'forming an interfacial layer on the pre-cleaned surface of the substrate;', 'depositing a high-κ dielectric layer on the interfacial layer;', 'performing a plasma nitridation process to insert nitrogen atoms in the deposited high-κ dielectric layer; and', 'performing a post-nitridation anneal process to passivate chemical bonds in the plasma nitridated high-κ dielectric layer., 'forming a semiconductor structure, comprising2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the semiconductor structure is performed in a processing system without breaking vacuum.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein{'sub': '2', 'the interfacial layer comprises silicon oxide (SiO), and'}{'sub': '2', 'the forming of the interfacial layer comprises thermally oxidizing the substrate utilizing nitrous oxide (NO) gas.'}4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high-κ dielectric layer comprises hafnium oxide (HfO).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma nitridation process comprises exposing the deposited high-κ dielectric layer to nitrogen plasma using a mixture of nitrogen (N) and ammonia (NH) gas.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the post-nitridation anneal process comprises spike annealing the deposited high-κ dielectric layer in a nitrogen (N) and argon (Ar) ambient at a temperature of between of between 700° C. and 850° C.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:performing a post-deposition anneal process, prior ...

Method for Processing a Workpiece

Processes for providing nitridation on a workpiece, such as a semiconductor, are provided. In one example implementation, a method can include supporting a workpiece on a workpiece support. The method can include exposing the workpiece to species generated from a capacitively coupled plasma to provide nitridation on the workpiece. The method can also include exposing the workpiece to species generated form an inductively coupled plasma to provide nitridation on the workpiece. 1. A method of processing a workpiece in a plasma processing apparatus , the plasma processing apparatus comprising a processing chamber having an interior operable to receive a process gas and a workpiece support operable to support a workpiece , the method comprising:placing the workpiece on the workpiece support in the processing chamber;generating one or more species using a capacitively coupled plasma induced from a first process gas using a capacitively coupled plasma source;exposing the workpiece to the one or more species generated using the capacitively coupled plasma from the first process gas to provide nitridation on the workpiece;generating one or more species using an inductively coupled plasma induced from a second process gas using an inductively coupled plasma source; andexposing the workpiece to the one or more species generated using the inductively coupled plasma from the second process gas to increase a nitridation depth on the workpiece.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first process gas comprises a nitrogen containing gas.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nitrogen containing gas comprises N claim 3 , NH claim 3 , or combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second process gas comprises a nitrogen containing gas.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the nitrogen containing gas comprises N claim 5 , NH claim 5 , or combinations thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second process gas comprises a fluorine containing gas.8. The ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AT LEAST ONE COMPONENT FOR A HYDRAULIC DISPLACEMENT UNIT

The present application relates to a method for producing at least one component for a hydraulic displacement unit, wherein the method is characterized by the steps: prefabrication of a blank component for the at least one component, wherein at least one defined surface region of the blank component is fabricated intentionally with oversize, surface-hardening of the blank component, and final forming of the component from the hardened blank component by removal of the excessive material at the at least one defined surface region fabricated with oversize. 1. A method for producing at least one component for a hydraulic displacement unit:prefabricating a blank component for the at least one component, wherein at least one defined surface region of the blank component is intentionally prefabricated with oversize,surface hardening of the blank component,final forming of the component from the hardened blank component by removing the excessive material at the at least one defined surface region fabricated with oversize.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the component provides a forming region and the defined surface region is at least partially located in the area of the forming region.3. A method for producing a ball joint connection including a first joint part with a ball head and a second joint part with a ball head receptacle claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second joint part is fabricated according to the method of claim 1 , and after the final forming of the first and/or second joint part claim 1 , the ball joint connection is connected.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the joining of the ball joint connection occurs through cold-forming.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the ball head reception of the second blank joint part claim 3 , after the prefabrication claim 3 , has a calotte shape adjoined by a protruding collar claim 3 , which when making the joint connection is deformed in such a way that it at least partially engages ...

SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING APPARATUS

A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a chamber that houses a semiconductor substrate; and a plurality of coils provided on a lateral surface of the chamber. The chamber has a first spatial region enclosed above the semiconductor substrate by a first coil that is one of the plurality of coils, a first gas introduction port communicating with the first spatial region, a second spatial region enclosed by a second coil that is different from the first coil among the plurality of coils, and a second gas introduction port communicating with the second spatial region. 1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprising:a chamber that houses a semiconductor substrate; anda plurality of coils provided on a lateral surface of the chamber, whereinthe chamber has a first spatial region enclosed above the semiconductor substrate by a first coil that is one of the plurality of coils, a first gas introduction port communicating with the first spatial region, a second spatial region enclosed by a second coil that is different from the first coil among the plurality of coils, and a second gas introduction port communicating with the second spatial region.2. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber has a first quartz tube having the first spatial region and the first gas introduction port claim 1 , and a second quartz tube having the second spatial region and the second gas introduction port claim 1 , and the first quartz tube and the second quartz tube have a multiple tube structure in which the first quartz tube and the second quartz tube are concentrically arranged.3. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising a magnetic body enclosing the second coil in the second quartz tube.4. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the second quartz tube has a first tubular part having the second spatial region claim 2 , and a second ...

Deposition of Silicon Boron Nitride Films

Methods for forming a SiBN film comprising depositing a film on a feature on a substrate. The method comprises in a first cycle, depositing a SiB layer on a substrate in a chamber using a chemical vapor deposition process, the substrate having at least one feature thereon, the at least one feature comprising an upper surface, a bottom surface and sidewalls, the SiB layer formed on the upper surface, the bottom surface and the sidewalls. In a second cycle, the SiB layer is treated with a plasma comprising a nitrogen-containing gas to form a conformal SiBN film. 1. A method of forming a film on a substrate comprising:in a first cycle, depositing a SiB layer on a substrate in a chamber using a chemical vapor deposition process, the substrate having at least one feature thereon, the at least one feature comprising an upper surface, a bottom surface and sidewalls, the SiB layer formed on the upper surface, the bottom surface and the sidewalls; andin a second cycle, treating the SiB layer with a plasma comprising a nitrogen-containing gas to form a conformal SiBN film.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a single cycle of the chemical vapor deposition process deposits a film having a thickness in a range of from about 10 Å to about 30 Å.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a single cycle of the chemical vapor deposition process deposits a film having a thickness in a range of from about 10 Å to about 25 Å.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a single cycle of the chemical vapor deposition process deposits a film having a thickness in a range of from about 15 Å to about 30 Å.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a single cycle of the chemical vapor deposition process deposits a film having a thickness in a range of from about 15 Å to about 25 Å.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feature comprises an opening in the upper surface extending from the upper surface to a depth Dto the bottom surface claim 2 , the sidewalls including a first sidewall and a second sidewall defining a ...

Weldless transfer tube assembly

A weldless assembly comprises a plurality of tubes, wherein the plurality of tubes includes an inner tube, an intermediate tube, and an outer tube; a first closure end configured to cap a first side of the plurality of tubes; and a second closure end configured to cap a second side of the plurality of tubes.

Manufacturing method of aluminum nitride

The present disclosure provides a manufacturing method of aluminum nitride, including: providing an electrolyte including choline chloride, urea, aluminum chloride, boric acid, and ascorbic acid; disposing a workpiece, wherein at least a part of the workpiece is in contact with the electroplating solution; heating the electrolyte to within 60° C.-95° C.; applying an operating current to electroplate aluminum onto the workpiece; and annealing the aluminum on the workpiece to form aluminum nitride.

PRESERVATION OF STRAIN IN IRON NITRIDE MAGNET

A permanent magnet may include a FeNphase in a strained state. In some examples, strain may be preserved within the permanent magnet by a technique that includes etching an iron nitride-containing workpiece including FeNto introduce texture, straining the workpiece, and annealing the workpiece. In some examples, strain may be preserved within the permanent magnet by a technique that includes applying at a first temperature a layer of material to an iron nitride-containing workpiece including FeN, and bringing the layer of material and the iron nitride-containing workpiece to a second temperature, where the material has a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the iron nitride-containing workpiece. A permanent magnet including an FeNphase with preserved strain also is disclosed. 1. A method comprising:{'sub': 16', '2, 'applying, at a first temperature, a layer of material to a strained iron nitride-containing workpiece comprising at least one FeNphase domain, wherein the strained iron-nitride workpiece has dimensions of at least 0.1 mm, such that an interface is formed between the layer and the iron nitride-containing workpiece, wherein the material has a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the iron nitride-containing workpiece; and'}{'sub': 16', '2, 'bringing the iron nitride-containing workpiece and the layer of material from the first temperature to a second temperature different than the first temperature to cause at least one of a compressive force or a tensile force on the iron nitride-containing workpiece such that a strained state is preserved to provide a strained iron-nitride workpiece, wherein the at least one of the compressive force or the tensile force preserves strain in at least the portion of the strained iron nitride-containing workpiece comprising the at least one FeNphase domain.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is higher than the second temperature.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , upon ...

METHODS FOR IN SITU FORMATION OF DISPERSOIDS STRENGTHENED REFRACTORY ALLOY IN 3D PRINTING AND/OR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Methods of fabricating objects using additive manufacturing are provided. The methods create in situ dispersoids within the object. The methods are used with refractory alloy powders which are pretreated to increase the oxygen content to between 500 ppm and 3000 ppm or to increase the nitrogen content to between 250 ppm and 1500 ppm. The pretreated powders are then formed into layers in an environmentally controlled chamber of an additive manufacturing machine. The environmentally controlled chamber is adjusted to have between 500 ppm and 200 ppm oxygen. The layer of pretreated powder is then exposed to a transient moving energy source for melting and solidifying the layer; and creating in situ dispersoids in the layer. 1. A method of fabricating an object using additive manufacturing comprising:selecting a refractory alloy powder from the group consisting of Niobium, Rhenium, Tantalum, Molybdenum and Tungsten;pretreating the refractory alloy powder to increase the oxygen content to between 500 ppm and 3000 ppm or to increase the nitrogen content to between 250 ppm and 1500 ppm;creating a layer of the refractory alloy powder, which has been pretreated, in an environmentally controlled chamber of an additive manufacturing machine;adjusting the environmentally controlled chamber to be between 500 ppm and 2000 ppm oxygen;exposing the layer to a transient moving energy source for melting and solidifying the layer; andforming dispersoids in situ in the layer with diameters between 1 micron and 10 microns.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting the environmentally controlled chamber to be between 250 ppm and 1000 ppm nitrogen.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refractory alloy powder is Niobium.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refractory alloy powder is Tungsten.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refractory alloy powder is Rhenium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refractory alloy powder is Tantalum.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Cyclic low temperature film growth processes

A method of nitridation includes cyclically performing the following steps in situ within a processing chamber at a temperature less than about 400° C.: treating an unreactive surface of a substrate in the processing chamber to convert the unreactive surface to a reactive surface by exposing the unreactive surface to an energy flux, and nitridating the reactive surface using a nitrogen-based gas to convert the reactive surface to a nitride layer including a subsequent unreactive surface.

NITRIDE CAPPING OF TITANIUM MATERIAL TO IMPROVE BARRIER PROPERTIES

A method and apparatus for nitride capping of titanium materials via chemical vapor deposition techniques is provided. The method includes forming a titanium nitride layer upon a titanium material layer formed on a substrate. The titanium nitride layer is formed by exposing the titanium material layer to a hydrogen-rich nitrogen-containing plasma followed by exposing the titanium material layer to a nitrogen-rich nitrogen-containing plasma. The titanium nitride layer is then exposed to an argon plasma followed by exposing the titanium nitride layer to a halide soak process. 1. A method of forming a nitride capping layer , comprising: exposing the titanium material layer to a hydrogen-rich nitrogen-containing plasma; and', 'exposing the titanium material layer to a nitrogen-rich nitrogen-containing plasma;, 'forming a titanium nitride layer upon a titanium material layer formed on a substrate, comprisingexposing the titanium nitride layer to an argon plasma; andexposing the titanium nitride layer to a halide soak process.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-rich nitrogen-containing plasma is formed by flowing hydrogen and nitrogen at a first ratio of a volumetric flow rate of hydrogen to a volumetric flow rate of nitrogen greater than about 1:1.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nitrogen-rich nitrogen containing plasma is formed by flowing hydrogen and nitrogen at a second ratio of a second volumetric flow rate of hydrogen to a second volumetric flow rate of nitrogen less than about 1:1.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-rich nitrogen-containing plasma is formed by flowing hydrogen and nitrogen at a first ratio of a volumetric flow rate of hydrogen to a volumetric flow rate of nitrogen from about 4:3 to about 8:1.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nitrogen-rich nitrogen containing plasma is formed by flowing hydrogen and nitrogen at a second ratio of a second volumetric flow rate of hydrogen to a second volumetric flow rate of nitrogen ...

DURABLE COSMETIC FINISHES FOR TITANIUM SURFACES

A method for providing a surface finish to a metal part includes both diffusion hardening a metal surface to form a diffusion-hardened layer, and oxidizing the diffusion-hardened layer to create an oxide coating thereon. The diffusion-hardened layer can be harder than an internal region of the metal part and might be ceramic, and the oxide coating can have a color that is different from the metal or ceramic, the color being unachievable only by diffusion hardening or only by oxidizing. The metal can be titanium or titanium alloy, the diffusion hardening can include carburizing or nitriding, and the oxidizing can include electrochemical oxidization. The oxide layer thickness can be controlled via the amount of voltage applied during oxidation, with the oxide coating color being a function of thickness. An enhanced hardness profile can extend to a depth of at least 20 microns below the top of the oxide coating. 1. A metal part having a modified surface finish , the metal part comprising:a metal substrate having a first color;a diffusion-hardened surface layer that overlays the metal substrate; anda metal oxide coating that overlays the diffusion-hardened surface layer, wherein the metal oxide coating has a specific thickness that is sufficient to impart the metal oxide coating with a second color that is different from the first color and different from any color attainable by only oxidizing the metal substrate without the diffusion-hardened surface layer.2. The metal part of claim 1 , wherein the metal substrate includes titanium or an alloy thereof.3. The metal part of claim 2 , wherein the diffusion-hardened surface layer is formed via carburizing claim 2 , nitriding claim 2 , carbonitriding claim 2 , nitrocarburizing claim 2 , boriding claim 2 , or any combination thereof.4. The metal part of claim 3 , wherein:the metal oxide coating is formed by oxidation of the diffusion-hardened surface layer in an electrolyte that includes phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid, ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING CONCENTRATION OF GAS COMPONENTS IN A GAS MIXTURE

The invention relates to a method and to a device for determining the concentration of N gas components in a gas mixture which has at least N gas components, where N is greater than 2, wherein a sensor element () or multiple sensor elements () is/are brought to N−1 predefined temperature values for the purpose of determining temperature-dependent heat conductivities, and wherein the at least one sensor element () is brought at least to a minimum temperature value (T) in a range from approximately 60° to approximately 350°, and to a maximum temperature value (T) in a range of greater than approximately 350°. 1. A method for determining the concentration of N gas components in a gas mixture which has at least N gas components , where N is greater than 2 , wherein a sensor element or multiple sensor elements is/are brought to at least N−1 predefined temperature values for the purpose of determining temperature-dependent heat conductivities , wherein the at least one sensor element is brought at least to a minimum temperature value in a range from approximately 60° to approximately 350° , and to a maximum temperature value in a range of greater than approximately 350°.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the maximum temperature value is above the splitting temperature of at least one gas component of the gas mixture claim 1 , and the minimum temperature value is below the splitting temperature of this gas component of the gas mixture.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , by means of a pressure sensor claim 1 , a pressure is detected in order to compensate for a pressure dependency of the heat conductivities of the gas components.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor element is exposed to the gas mixture claim 1 , and a reference element which is assigned to the sensor element is exposed to a reference gas claim 1 , in particular air.5. The method as claimed in one of claim 1 , wherein N−1 sensor elements are ...

DURABLE COSMETIC FINISHES FOR TITANIUM SURFACES

A method for providing a surface finish to a metal part includes both diffusion hardening a metal surface to form a diffusion-hardened layer, and oxidizing the diffusion-hardened layer to create an oxide coating thereon. The diffusion-hardened layer can be harder than an internal region of the metal part and might be ceramic, and the oxide coating can have a color that is different from the metal or ceramic, the color being unachievable only by diffusion hardening or only by oxidizing. The metal can be titanium or titanium alloy, the diffusion hardening can include carburizing or nitriding, and the oxidizing can include electrochemical oxidization. The oxide layer thickness can be controlled via the amount of voltage applied during oxidation, with the oxide coating color being a function of thickness. An enhanced hardness profile can extend to a depth of at least 20 microns below the top of the oxide coating. 1. A method for providing a surface finish to a metal part , the method comprising:diffusion hardening a metal surface of the metal part until the metal surface becomes a diffusion-hardened surface layer that is harder than an internal region of the metal part, wherein the metal surface has a first color prior to diffusion hardening; andoxidizing the diffusion-hardened surface layer to create an oxide coating atop the diffusion-hardened surface layer, wherein the oxide coating has a second color that is different from the first color, the second color being a color that is different from any color that can be obtained only by diffusion hardening or any color that can be obtained only by oxidizing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal part comprises titanium or a titanium alloy.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion hardening includes carburizing claim 1 , nitriding claim 1 , carbonitriding claim 1 , nitrocarburizing claim 1 , boriding claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion-hardened surface layer ...

Three-dimensionally printed bipolar plate for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

A bipolar plate for a fuel cell is provided. The bipolar plate includes a main body with a first end and a second end spaced from the first end along a longitudinal axis of the main body. At least one inlet is disposed at the first end of the main body. At least one outlet corresponding to the at least one inlet is disposed at the second end of the main body. At least one continuous flow path extends from the at least one inlet to the at least one outlet. The main body comprises a single, contiguous piece.

Nitrided Engine Valve with HVOF Coating

A valve for use in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The valve includes a stem connected to a fillet disposed between the stem and a seat face. A thermal spray technique, such as a high velocity oxy fuel coating spray (HVOF) is applied to the seat face. A nitriding treatment that includes a nitrogen source, which may or may not contain carbon, and heat may be applied after the HVOF spray. The heat allows the nitrogen and/or carbon to penetrate the HVOF layer and the seat face to form a compound zone. The compound zone enhances the wear resistance of the surface during engine operation.

PRE-TREATMENT PROCESS OF A SURFACE OF A METALLIC SUBSTRATE

Process for pre-treatment of a surface of a chromium containing corrosion resistant metallic substrate prior to further processing, wherein the metallic substrate is brought into contact with an in-situ generated activating agent, being the thermal decomposition product of a hydrofluoroolefin, the substrate and the activating agent are heated, and optionally the activating agent is partly or entirely removed before further processing. 1. A process for pre-treatment of a surface of a chromium containing corrosion resistant metallic substrate prior to further processing , whereina) the metallic substrate is brought into contact with a thermal decomposition product of a hydrofluoroolefin comprising HF,b) the substrate and the thermal decomposition product are heated,c) and optionally the remains of the thermal decomposition product are partly or entirely removed before further processing.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal decomposition product is the thermal decomposition product of tetrafluorpropylene claim 1 , which may have one or two of its fluorine-atoms substituted by chlorine-atoms.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the heating in step b) is achieved by residual heat of the thermal decomposition product.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is pre-heated prior to contacting with the thermal decomposition product claim 1 , preferably to a temperature of between 150° C. and 250° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal decomposition process comprises the steps of claim 1 , in that order claim 1 ,Ia) evacuating a decomposition reactor to below 50 kPa atmospheric pressure, preferably 10 kPa or less, more below 10 kPa, then flushing the reactor with inert gas;orIb) flushing the reactor with inert gas without prior evacuation;II) supplying a hydrofluoroolefin into the decomposition reactor either neat or together with an inert gas;III) raising the temperature in the reactor to decomposition ...

A METHOD FOR SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOY SUBSTRATES

A method for surface modification of a titanium substrate or a titanium alloy substrate comprising: a) applying at least one beta phase stabiliser to a surface of the titanium substrate or titanium alloy substrate; and b) heating the surface so as to alloy titanium with the at least one beta phase stabiliser. 1. A method for modification of a surface of a substrate of titanium or titanium alloy , the method comprising:nitriding the surface to form a hard titanium nitride phase;alloying the nitride surface with a beta phase stabilizer to form a tough beta titanium phase which surrounds the hard titanium nitride phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the titanium alloy is an alpha claim 1 , beta claim 1 , alpha-beta or near-alpha alloy.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the titanium alloy is a Grade 5 (TÏ-6Al-4V) or Grade 12 alloy.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the titanium is Grade 2 titanium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta phase stabilizer is a beta isomorphous element or a beta-eutectoid element.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the beta isomorphous element is tungsten claim 5 , vanadium claim 5 , molybdenum claim 5 , niobium claim 5 , tantalum or any combination thereof.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the beta isomorphous element is tantalum claim 6 , niobium or molybdenum.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the beta-eutectoid element is chromium claim 5 , iron claim 5 , copper claim 5 , silicon claim 5 , manganese or any combination thereof.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the beta-eutectoid element is copper claim 8 , silicon or manganese.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta stabilizer is a compound comprising a beta stabilizer.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the compound comprising the beta stabilizer is a carbide claim 10 , oxide or intermetallic compound.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the compound comprising the beta phase stabilizer element is tungsten carbide.1333.-. (canceled)34. A surface modified substrate of ...

METHOD OF MAKING POROUS NITROGENIZED TITANIUM COATINGS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES

The disclosure describes a method of making porous nitrogenized titanium coated substrates. The process includes depositing titanium on a substrate using a glancing angle deposition (GLAD) process and then nitrogenizing the deposited titanium using a thermal or plasma-assisted thermal gaseous nitrogenizing process. 1. A method comprising: depositing a porous titanium film on the surface of the substrate using glancing angle deposition; and', 'converting at least a portion of the porous titanium film to a porous film comprising nitrogenized surface layers using a thermal or plasma-assisted thermal gaseous nitrogenizing process., 'providing a substrate having a surface;'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is an electrode.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises platinum or titanium or alloys of either.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the porous titanium film is deposited on the surface of the substrate at a thickness of at least 1 micrometer.5. The method according to wherein the substrate is a metal.6. The method according to wherein the surface area claim 1 , as determined by electrochemical impedance measurements is increased by a factor of 100 or more relative to the geometric surface area of the substrate.7. The method according to wherein the surface area claim 1 , as determined by electrochemical impedance measurements is increased by a factor of 10 or more relative to the geometric surface area of the substrate. The disclosure relates processes for making porous nitrogenized titanium coatings for use in medical devices.Titanium nitride (TiN) films deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) can exhibit desirable properties for implantable medical device electrodes. The most desirable TiN coatings for electrode applications are typically relatively thick (2-20 um) and have a porous, columnar, microstructure which exhibits high specific surface area and high specific capacitance.Formation of such ...

SLIDING ELEMENT, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SLIDING ELEMENT

A sliding element for internal combustion engines may include a ferrous base provided with a film applied upon a sliding surface. The film may have, sequentially, a metal connecting layer, a transitional layer, and a contact layer. The transitional layer may include a carbide containing a metal element. The contact layer may contain DLC (diamond-like carbon) doped with the metal element of the transitional layer, the DLC containing a maximum of 2% hydrogen by weight. An atomic ratio between metal and carbon in the contact layer in terms of a ratio Me/C is equal to or less than 0.1. 1. A sliding element for internal combustion engines , comprising a ferrous base provided with a film applied upon a sliding surface , the film having , sequentially , a metal connecting layer , a transitional layer , and a contact layer , wherein:the transitional layer includes a carbide containing a metal element;the contact layer contains DLC (diamond-like carbon) doped with the metal element of the transitional layer, the DLC containing a maximum of 2% hydrogen by weight; andan atomic ratio between metal and carbon in the contact layer in terms of a ratio Me/C is equal to or less than 0.1.2. A sliding element according to claim 1 , wherein the contact layer includes amorphous carbon (ta-C or a-C) doped with the metal element claim 1 , the metal element being a maximum of 5% atomically.3. A sliding element according to claim 1 , wherein the metal element utilised in the transitional and contact layers is one of tungsten claim 1 , chromium or niobium.4. A sliding element according to claim 1 , wherein the contact layer includes a layer of hydrogen-free DLC doped with the metal element claim 1 , wherein the layer of DLC is nanostructured or amorphous.5. A sliding element according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon of the contact layer has structures of sp3 and sp2 claim 1 , in such manner that a ratio between integrated intense D and G bands in a Raman spectrum lies between 0.2 and 1.0.6. ...

Oxidation controlled twin wire arc spray materials

Disclosed herein are embodiments of alloys which can be particularly advantageous in twin wire arc spray methods for coating of a substrate. In some embodiments, a plurality of alloys can be used to form both hard and soft particles on a surface. In some embodiments, chromium can be minimized or eliminated.

Chemical activation of self-passivating metals

A method for treating a workpiece made from a self-passivating metal and having a Beilby layer is disclosed. The method comprises exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating a reagent having a guanidine [HNC(NH2)2] moiety and complexed with HCl to activate the workpiece for low temperature interstitial surface hardening.

HARDENED CASE-NITRIDED METAL ARTICLES AND METHODS OF FORMING THE SAME

Methods of hardening a case-nitrided metal article, methods of producing a hardened case-nitrided metal article, and hardened case-nitrided metal articles. The methods of hardening a case-nitrided metal article include heating the case-nitrided metal article to an aging temperature, maintaining the case-nitrided metal article at the aging temperature for an aging time, and cooling the case-nitrided metal article from the aging temperature. The methods of producing a hardened case-nitrided metal article include case-nitriding a metal article to produce a case-nitrided metal article and subsequently hardening the case-nitrided metal article. The hardened case-nitrided metal article comprises a body formed of a metal or a metal alloy, a surface surrounding the body, and a nitrided case layer formed in the body and extending inwardly from the surface of the body toward the core that includes a hardness that is greater than that of an otherwise equivalent case-nitrided metal article. 1. A method of hardening a case-nitrided metal article , the method comprising: heating the case-nitrided metal article to an aging temperature;', 'maintaining the case-nitrided metal article at the aging temperature for an aging time; and', 'cooling the case-nitrided metal article from the aging temperature., 'heat-aging the case-nitrided metal article, wherein the heat-aging comprises2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating comprises heating the case-nitrided metal article from room temperature.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the case-nitrided metal article is formed of Ti-5553 claim 1 , and wherein the aging temperature is at least 550 degrees Celsius (° C.) and at most 650° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aging time is at least 7 hours and at most 10 hours.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the case-nitrided metal article includes a nitrided case layer that extends inwardly from a surface of the case-nitrided metal article towards a core of the case-nitrided metal ...

Plasma nitriding with pecvd coatings using hollow cathode ion immersion technology

Rapid plasma nitriding is achieved by harnessing the power and increased density of plasma discharges created by hollow cathodes. When opposing surfaces are maintained at the proper voltage, sub atmospheric pressure, and spacing, a phenomenon known as the hollow cathode effect creates additional hot oscillating electrons capable of multiple ionization events thereby increasing the number of ions and electrons per unit volume (plasma density). The present invention describes the harnessing of this phenomenon to rapidly plasma nitride metal surfaces and optionally rapidly deposit functional coatings in a continuous operation for duplex coatings.

MULTIPLE LAYER HARDNESS FERRULE

A ferrule and associated method characterized by an outer layer having a hardness; an intermediate layer below the outer layer, the intermediate layer having a hardness that is less than the hardness of the outer layer; and a core below the intermediate layer, the core having a hardness that is less than the hardness of the intermediate portion. 1. A ferrule for a tube fitting , comprising:an outer layer having a hardness;an intermediate layer below the outer layer, the intermediate layer having a hardness that is less than the hardness of the outer layer;a core below the intermediate layer, the core having a hardness that is less than the hardness of the intermediate layer.2. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer has a thickness of about 0.001 to about 0.002 inches.3. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness between about 0.002 to 0.020 inches.4. The ferrule of any preceding claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer includes varing levels of hardness.5. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the ferrule is made of an austenitic material.6. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is equal or greater than 0.002 claim 1 , 0.003 claim 1 , 0.004 claim 1 , 0.005 claim 1 , 0.006 claim 1 , . . . claim 1 , 0.019 claim 1 , 0.020 claim 1 , 0.021 claim 1 , . . . claim 1 , 0.050 inch.7. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer has a hardness equal or greater than 40 HRc claim 1 , 50 HRc claim 1 , 60 HRc claim 1 , 70 HRc claim 1 , and higher.8. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer has a hardness in the range of 80 HRb to 40 HRc and more particularly in the range of 95 HRb to 35 HRc.9. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer and/or outer layer are not provided at some regions of the outer surface of the ferrule.10. The ferrule of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer is formed by nitrogen or similar infusion.11. A method of forming a tube fitting ferrule from a base ...

Method Of Producing Alloyed Metallic Products

A method of producing a finished essentially 100% dense homogenous alloyed metallic product. First, a metal powder is provided comprised of particles with each particle having a predetermined alloy content. Next, the metal powder is blended with a mixture of a lubricant and a binder to form a composite powder. That composite powder is then compacted in a compacting die at room temperature to form a green part. The lubricant and binder ate then removed by heating the green part to at least a first temperature profile in a confined atmosphere with a predetermined dew point profile. Next, the remaining green part is heated to a second temperature higher than the first temperature and with predetermined dew point and H/HO ratio in furnace atmosphere to remove surface oxides front the part. Finally, the part is densified into a finished or near net shape homogenous alloyed product. 1. A method of producing a finished essentially 100% dense homogenous alloyed metallic product comprising the steps of:providing a metal powder comprised of particles, each of the particles having the same predetermined alloy content;blending the metal powder with a predetermined amount of a mixture of a lubricant and/or a binder to form a composite powder;compacting the composite powder in a compacting die at room temperature to form a green part of under about 85% density;removing the lubricant and binder by heating the green part to at least a first predetermined temperature profile in a confined atmosphere and at a predetermined dew point profile;{'sub': 2', '2, 'heating the remaining green part to a second predetermined temperature that is higher than the first predetermined temperature and predetermined dew point & H/HO ratio in a furnace atmosphere to remove remaining surface oxides from the green part; and'}certifying the part into a finished or near net shape homogenous alloyed product reaching a density of essentially 100 percent.2. The method of wherein the step of blending the ...

Steel for nitrocarburizing, nitrocarburized steel part, and producing method of nitrocarburized steel part

Steel for nitrocarburizing includes, by mass %, C: 0% to less than 0.15%; Si: 0.01% to 1.00%; Mn: 0.01% to 1.00%; S: 0.0001% to 0.050%; Al: 0.0001% to 0.050%; Ti: more than 0.50% to 1.50%; N: 0.0005% to 0.0100%; and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, in which P is limited to 0.050% or less; O is limited to 0.0060% or less; and the amount of Ti [Ti %], the amount of C [C %], the amount of N [N %], and the amount of S [S %] satisfy 0.48<[Ti %]−47.9×([C %]/12+[N %]/14+[S %]/32)≦1.20.

SURFACE NITRIDING TREATMENT METHOD OF TITANIUM MATERIAL

An object of the present invention is to provide, as a simple method, a surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material, forming a hardened nitrided layer excellent in abrasion resistance on the surface of a titanium material in a shorter time. In order to achieve the object, the present invention adopts a surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material, wherein a hardened nitrided layer is formed on the surface of the titanium material, by blowing nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 10 L/min or more to the surface of the titanium material while the titanium material is being heated to 800° C. to 1000° C. in an inert gas atmosphere. 1. A surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material , performing a nitriding treatment of the surface of a titanium material by using nitrogen gas ,wherein a hardened nitrided layer is formed on the surface of the titanium material, by blowing nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 10 L/min or more to the surface of the titanium material while the titanium material is being heated to 800° C. to 1000° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.2. The surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material according to claim 1 , wherein the blowing flow rate of the nitrogen gas is 70 L/min or more.3. The surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium material is pure titanium or a titanium alloy.4. The surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium material is heated by a high-frequency induction heating method.5. The surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material according to claim 1 , wherein the heating time of the titanium material involving the blowing of nitrogen gas is 1 minute to 60 minutes.6. The surface nitriding treatment method of a titanium material according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen gas contains a blasting material claim 1 , the blasting material is jetted to the surface of the titanium ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ENDLESS METAL BELT, ENDLESS METAL BELT, AND BELT-TYPE CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION

A method for manufacturing an endless metal belt used in a belt-type continuously variable transmission, wherein a stress-relief heat treatment is performed after the circumference of a ring body has been adjusted, and aging/nitridation is performed after the stress-relief heat treatment. 1. A method for manufacturing an endless metal belt to be used in a belt-type continuously variable transmission , the method including:performing a stress-relief heat treatment of a ring body after the ring body is subjected to a circumferential length adjusting work, andperforming an aging-nitriding treatment of the ring body after the stress-relief heat treatment.2. The method for manufacturing an endless metal belt according to claim 1 , wherein the circumferential length adjusting work is performed after the ring body is subjected to rolling work.3. The method for manufacturing an endless metal belt according to claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief heat treatment is performed on a plurality of ring bodies in a lamination state claim 1 , each of the ring bodies having been subjected to the circumferential length adjusting work.4. An endless metal belt manufactured by the method for manufacturing an endless metal belt according to .5. The endless metal belt according to claim 4 , wherein the ring body has residual stress almost equally accumulated on an outer peripheral side and an inner peripheral side of the ring body.6. A belt-type continuously variable transmission including the endless metal belt according to . The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an endless metal belt forming a power transmission belt to be used in a belt-type continuously variable transmission mounted in a vehicle, the endless metal belt, and the belt-type continuously variable transmission.For instance, an endless metal belt to be used in a belt-type continuously variable transmission mounted in a vehicle and used to transmit drive power is composed of a plurality of endless metal ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING AN ALUMINUM MATRIX COMPOSITE AND AN ALUMINUM MATRIX COMPOSITE FABRICATED BY THE SAME

The present invention is related to a method of fabricating an aluminum matrix composite by a simple process of heating a mixture of a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum in nitrogen containing atmosphere and an aluminum matrix composite fabricated by the same. The aluminum matrix composite may be fabricated by heating to temperatures even lower than the melting temperature of aluminum as well as to temperatures higher. The exothermic nitridation reaction contributes to the melting of the aluminum matrix and the aluminum nitride formed in-situ as a result may act as an additional reinforcing phase. 1. A method for fabricating an aluminum matrix composite , comprising:heating a mixture of aluminum and a ceramic reinforcing phase in a nitrogen containing atmosphere.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said aluminum comprises claim 1 , pure aluminum claim 1 , aluminum alloys or a combination thereof.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said aluminum alloy comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium claim 2 , silicon claim 2 , copper claim 2 , manganese and zinc.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said aluminum comprises powders claim 1 , particles claim 1 , flakes or combinations thereof.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said ceramic reinforcing phase comprises at least one ceramic selected from the group consisting of oxides claim 1 , carbides claim 1 , borides and nitrides.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said oxides comprise at least one oxide selected from a group consisting of AlO claim 5 , MgO claim 5 , TiOand ZrO.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said carbides comprise at least one carbide selected from a group consisting of SiC claim 5 , TiC and BC.8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said borides comprise TiB.9. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said nitrides comprise at least one nitride selected from a group consisting of AlN claim 5 , TiN and SiN ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWDER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SHAPED OBJECT

A method for producing a powder includes forming a layer of a raw material powder, and performing one of an operation of nitriding the raw material powder of the layer in an atmosphere containing nitrogen or an operation of carbonizing the raw material powder of the layer in an atmosphere containing carbon. 1. A method for producing a powder , comprising:forming a layer of a raw material powder; andperforming one of an operation of: nitriding the raw material powder of the layer in an atmosphere containing nitrogen, and an operation of carbonizing the raw material powder of the layer in an atmosphere containing carbon.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one of the operations is performed while or after a coating film over the surface of the raw material powder of the layer is removed.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the coating film is an oxide film and is removed by a reduction reaction in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the coating film is removed in an atmosphere containing at least one of hydrogen and an inert element by applying a voltage to the layer to generate a plasma.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the layer is formed in a chamber capable of being depressurized claim 1 , and the one of the operations is performed in an atmosphere having a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure created in the chamber.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the atmosphere in the chamber has a pressure in the range of 1 Pa to less than 20 kPa.7. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising creating the atmosphere in the chamber by evacuating the chamber to a first pressure claim 5 , and then feeding a substance containing one of nitrogen and carbon to the chamber claim 5 , wherein the atmosphere has a second pressure of more than the first pressure and less than atmospheric pressure.8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the layer is formed in a powder container disposed ...

Process for manufacturing a cookware article with electroformed silver or silver alloy interior

A process for manufacturing a cookware article is described comprising the steps of forming, surface hardening, oxidizing and electroforming of very hard silver or silver alloys to coat the interior part of the article. Silver ensures antibacterial and antiviral properties, improved thermal conductivity allowing to cook under the cracking threshold of oils and greases either added to or present in the substances being cooked, inhibits the sticking of food while cooking and facilitates the detachment from the surface of the articles.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING EDIBLE OIL DETERIORATION PREVENTING MEMBER, AND EDIBLE OIL DETERIORATION PREVENTING MEMBER

An object of the present invention is to produce a member useful for preventing edible oil from degrading by performing simple, economical, and safe steps. 19.-. (canceled)10. A method for preventing an edible oil from degrading , the method comprising the steps of: [ (i) reducing the pressure in a furnace for heat treatment using a rotary-type vacuum pump, a mechanical booster pump, and an oil diffusion pump, and reducing the concentration of oxygen remaining in the furnace such that the pressure in the furnace becomes 0.1 Pa or less to create a decompressed furnace, and', '(ii) supplying nitrogen gas into the decompressed furnace to return the pressure in the furnace and heating the titanium material or titanium alloy material, and then alternately repeating steps (i) and (ii) at least once;, '(1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material by a heat treatment under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, wherein the heat treatment under a nitrogen gas is performed in the presence of an oxygen-trapping agent, at a heating temperature of 750° C. or higher, wherein the heat treatment comprises the steps of, '(2) anodizing the metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material with the titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) by applying a voltage of 10 V or more in an electrolyte solution having no etching effect on titanium, thereby forming a titanium oxide film; and', '(3) heating the metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material with the titanium oxide film formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (2) at a temperature of 600° C. to 700° C. in an atmosphere selected from an air atmosphere, a mixed atmosphere of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas, and an oxygen gas atmosphere;', 'wherein the titanium oxide film formed by the anodization is a crystalline titanium oxide film, and the crystalline titanium oxide film is an anatase-type titanium oxide film, and, '(A) producing an edible oil ...

USE OF REACTIVE FLUIDS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND THE PRODUCTS MADE THEREFROM

The present invention generally relates to methods and apparatuses adapted to perform additive manufacturing (AM) processes and the resulting products made therefrom, and specifically, to AM processes that employ an energy beam to selectively fuse a base material to produce an object. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and systems that use reactive fluids to actively manipulate the surface chemistry of the base material prior to, during and/or after the AM process. 1. An additive manufacturing method of fabricating an object on a build stage , the method comprising:introducing into a build chamber having a build stage at least one reactive fluid and at least one base material having a surface capable of modification to a desired chemistry by said reactive fluid;applying a first quantity of said at least one base material onto the build stage and applying energy to said first quantity of said at least one base material so as to fuse said first quantity of said base material into a first layer or substrate;forming at least one additional layer on said substrate by applying energy to at least a second quantity of base material deposited upon said substrate so as to fuse said second quantity of said base material into said substrate; andcontinuing to form individual layers of base material on said substrate until the fabrication of the object is complete.2. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of introducing into the build chamber having the build stage at least one base material having a surface that is non-reactive to said reactive fluid.3. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one non-reactive base material is selected from the group consisting of a solid and a fluid.4. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the surface of said at least one base material is modified prior to being introduced into the build chamber by contacting the base material with at least one ...

TIE STRAP WITH HARDENED INTEGRATED RIVET FOR A SAW CHAIN

Embodiments herein describe a tie strap with a hardened integrated rivet for a saw chain. The tie strap has a body with an integrated rivet extending therefrom and having a shoulder extending from the body and configured to engage a rivet hole of a connector link and a hub extending from the shoulder and configured to engage a rivet hole of an opposing tie strap. The shoulder has a high wear region and a low wear region disposed opposite from the high wear region, wherein the low wear region has a first hardness that is less than a second hardness of the high wear region. Generally, the high wear region extends circumferentially around the shoulder and is between about 90 degrees counter clockwise to about 90 degrees clockwise measured from a center point on the shoulder facing inward toward a center part of the body. 1. A tie strap with a hardened integrated rivet for a saw chain , comprising:a body having a rivet side; and a shoulder extending from the rivet side of the body and configured to engage a rivet hole of another link; and', 'a hub extending from the shoulder and configured to engage a rivet hole of an opposing tie strap, wherein a diameter of the hub is less than a diameter of the shoulder, wherein the shoulder has a high wear region and a low wear region disposed opposite from the high wear region, wherein the low wear region has a first hardness that is less than a second hardness of the high wear region, wherein the high wear region extends circumferentially around the shoulder and is between about 90 degrees counter clockwise to about 90 degrees clockwise measured from a center point on the shoulder facing inward toward a center part of the body., 'an integrated rivet extending from the rivet side of the body and comprised of2. The tie strap of claim 1 , wherein the tie strap has an exposed side opposite the rivet side and a bottom edge disposed between the rivet side and the exposed side claim 1 , wherein the bottom edge has a foot region with a ...

MODIFYING THE SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF A MATERIAL

Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to modifying a material's surface chemistry and surface profile using a pulsed laser. In embodiments, a system comprises: a material, the material including a surface portion having a surface chemistry; an enclosure, the enclosure containing a gaseous mixture having a non-atmospheric composition; and a pulsed laser configured to emit at least one laser pulse, the at least one laser pulse being directed to pass through the gaseous mixture onto the surface portion thereby modifying the surface chemistry of the surface portion. 1. A system for modifying the surface chemistry of a material , the system comprising:a material, the material including a surface portion having a surface chemistry;an enclosure, the enclosure containing a gaseous mixture having a non-atmospheric composition; anda pulsed laser configured to emit at least one laser pulse, the at least one laser pulse being directed to pass through the gaseous mixture onto the surface portion, thereby modifying the surface chemistry of the surface portion.2. The system of claim 1 , the enclosure including an aperture and the pulsed laser being directed to pass through the aperture before passing through the gaseous mixture and onto the surface portion.3. The system of claim 1 , the surface chemistry comprising at least one of: a titanium oxide claim 1 , a pure titanium and a titanium alloy claim 1 , the gaseous mixture comprising a concentration of nitrogen greater than 78% claim 1 , and the modified surface chemistry comprising titanium nitride.4. The system of claim 1 , the surface chemistry comprising FeO claim 1 , the gaseous mixture comprising at least one of: argon claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , oxygen and hydrogen claim 1 , and the modified surface chemistry comprising FeO.5. The system of claim 1 , the surface chemistry including at least one of: titanium claim 1 , a nickel alloy claim 1 , copper claim 1 , ceramic coated steel claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , FeO ...

DIAMOND-COATED SUBSTRATES

A composite structure, comprising a cemented carbide substrate (e.g., tungsten carbide substrate cemented with cobalt, such as WC—Co), a thin interlayer disposed over the substrate, and a contiguous diamond film disposed over the interlayer, as well as processes of preparing such a composite structure and uses thereof, are provided. The composite structure is characterized by at least one of a substrate binder concentration of at least 2 percents by weight, interlayer thickness less than 20 microns, a homogenous interlayer made substantially of crystalline chromium nitride, a low to null binder concentration in the interlayer, and a high co-adhesion of the diamond film to the interlayer and the interlayer to the substrate. 1. A composite structure , comprising a cemented carbide substrate , an interlayer disposed over said substrate and a contiguous diamond film disposed over said interlayer , wherein said cemented carbide substrate comprises a binder , and said interlayer comprises crystalline chromium nitride , the composite structure being characterized by at least one of:a thickness of said interlayer which is lower than 20 microns;said interlayer is essentially devoid of said binder;said interlayer is essentially devoid of amorphous carbon; anda co-adhesion of said diamond film to said interlayer and of said interlayer to said substrate, which is exhibited by a microhardness test at a load of at least 20 kg.2. The composite structure of claim 1 , being characterized by exhibiting at least three of the peaks of an X-Ray diffraction pattern selected from the group consisting of the X-Ray diffraction patterns as presented in claim 1 , claim 1 , claim 1 , claim 1 , claim 1 , claim 1 , and .35-. (canceled)6. The composite structure of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of said binder in said substrate is at least 2 percents by weight.78-. (canceled)9. The composite structure of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of said binder in said cemented carbide substrate is at ...

FUEL CELL INTERCONNECTOR AND METHOD FOR MAKING A FUEL CELL INTERCONNECTOR

An interconnector for a solid oxide fuel cell is manufactured by single-press compacting a powder blend to form a green interconnector with a desired shape of a final interconnector. The powder blend includes chromium and iron, and may include an organic lubricant. At least 50 wt % or more of an iron portion of the powder blend comprises iron particles smaller than 45 um. The green interconnector is then sintered and oxidized to form the final interconnector. The oxidation step occurs in a continuous flow furnace in which a controlled atmosphere (e.g., humidified air) is fed into the furnace in the travel direction of the interconnector. The final interconnector comprises at least 90 wt % chromium, at least 3 wt % iron, and less than 0.2 wt % nitrogen. An average density within a flow field of the final interconnector may be less than 6.75 g/cc. 1. A method of oxidizing a porous component comprising at least 20 weight % chromium , the method comprising:oxidizing the component in a furnace so as to expose the component to an oxidation temperature range for a predetermined time period; andduring said oxidizing, feeding a controlled atmosphere into the furnace, at least 30 volume % nitrogen,', 'at least 10 volume % oxygen, and', 'at least 10 volume % water vapor,, 'wherein the controlled atmosphere compriseswherein said oxidizing increases a nitrogen content of the porous component by less than 0.1 weight %.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein after said oxidizing claim 1 , the component comprises less than 0.2 weight % nitrogen.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein after said oxidizing claim 1 , the component comprises less than 0.15 weight % nitrogen.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the controlled atmosphere comprises at least 50 volume % ambient air.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the controlled atmosphere comprises at least 20 volume % water vapor.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the controlled atmosphere comprises between 10 and 30 volume % water vapor.7. The ...

TANTALUM SPUTTERING TARGET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A tantalum sputtering target, wherein an orientation rate of a (100) plane of a sputtering surface of the tantalum sputtering target is 30 to 90%, and an orientation rate of a (111) plane of a sputtering surface of the tantalum sputtering target is 50% or less. A method of producing a tantalum sputtering target, wherein a molten tantalum ingot is subject to forging and recrystallization annealing and thereafter subject to rolling and heat treatment in order to form a crystal structure in which an orientation rate of a (100) plane of the tantalum sputtering target is 30 to 90%, and an orientation rate of a (111) plane of the tantalum sputtering target is 50% or less. 1. A tantalum sputtering target , wherein an orientation rate of a (100) plane of a sputtering surface of the tantalum sputtering target is 30 to 90% , and an orientation rate of a (111) plane of a sputtering surface of the tantalum sputtering target is 50% or less.2. The tantalum sputtering target according to claim 1 , wherein the sputtering surface of the tantalum sputtering target is provided with a nitride film.3. The tantalum sputtering target according to claim 2 , wherein a thickness of the nitride film is 200 Å or more.4. A thin film for a diffusion barrier layer formed using the sputtering target according to .5. The thin film for a diffusion barrier layer according to formed using the sputtering target claim 4 , wherein a resistance variation of the sputtered film is 15% or less.6. The thin film for a diffusion barrier layer according to formed using the sputtering target claim 4 , wherein integral power consumption for burn-in is 100 kwh or less.7. A semiconductor device comprising the thin film for a diffusion barrier layer according to .8. A method of producing a tantalum sputtering target claim 4 , wherein a molten tantalum ingot is subject to forging and recrystallization annealing and thereafter subject to rolling and heat treatment in order to form a crystal structure in which an ...

CORROSION AND WEAR RESISTANT COLD WORK TOOL STEEL

The invention relates to a corrosion and wear resistance cold work tool steel. The steel includes the following main components (in wt. %): C 0.3-0.8, N 1.0-2.2, (C+N) 1.3-2.2, C/N 0.17-0.50, Si≦1.0, Mn 0.2-2.0, Cr 13-30, Mo 0.5-3.0, V 2.0-5.0, balance optional elementals, iron and impurities. 2. A powder metallurgy manufactured steel according to claim 1 , wherein the upper content of V is limited to at least one of 4.8% claim 1 , 4.6% claim 1 , 4.4% claim 1 , 4.2% or 4.0%.6. A powder metallurgy manufactured steel according to claim 1 , wherein the microstructure comprises tempered martensite and hard phases consisting of at least one of MX claim 1 , MX claim 1 , MCand MCand wherein the steel has a hardness of 58-64 HRC claim 1 , preferably 60-62 HRC.8. A powder metallurgy manufactured steel according to claim 1 , wherein the steel at an austenitising temperature (T) of 1080° C. has a calculated PRE≧18 wherein PRE=Cr+3.3 Mo+30 N and Cr claim 1 , Mo and N are the calculated equilibrium contents dissolved in the matrix at T claim 1 , wherein the chromium content dissolved in the austenite is at least 13%.9. A powder metallurgy manufactured steel according to claim 1 , wherein the steel at an austenitising temperature (T) of 1080° C. has a calculated PRE≧20 wherein PRE=Cr+3.3 Mo+30 N and Cr claim 1 , Mo and N are the calculated equilibrium contents dissolved in the matrix at T claim 1 , wherein the chromium content dissolved in the austenite is at least 16%.10. A powder metallurgy manufactured steel according to claim 1 , wherein the steel at an austenitising temperature (T) of 1080° C. has a calculated PRE≧22 wherein PRE=Cr+3.3 Mo+30 N and Cr claim 1 , Mo and N are the calculated equilibrium contents dissolved in the matrix at T.11. A powder metallurgy manufactured steel according to claim 1 , wherein the steel at an austenitising temperature (T) of 1080° C. has a calculated PRE≧25 wherein PRE=Cr+3.3 Mo+30 N and Cr claim 1 , Mo and N are the calculated equilibrium ...

EFFECTIVE AND NOVEL DESIGN FOR LOWER PARTICLE COUNT AND BETTER WAFER QUALITY BY DIFFUSING THE FLOW INSIDE THE CHAMBER

Embodiments described herein generally relate to a processing chamber having one or more gas inlet ports located at a bottom of the processing chamber. Gas flowing into the processing chamber via the one or more gas inlet ports is directed along a lower side wall of the processing chamber by a plate located over each of the one or more gas inlet ports or by an angled opening of each of the one or more gas inlet ports. The one or more gas inlet ports and the plates may be located at one end of the processing chamber, and the gas flow is directed towards an exhaust port located at the opposite end of the processing chamber by the plates or the angled openings. Thus, more gas can be flowed into the processing chamber without dislodging particles from a lid of the processing chamber. 1. A processing chamber , comprising:a bottom having an oval shape;a lower side wall disposed on the bottom;an upper side wall disposed on the lower side wall, the upper side wall having a circular shape;a lid disposed on the upper side wall;a process gas injection port disposed on the lid;one or more gas inlet ports located in the bottom adjacent to the lower side wall; andan exhaust enclosure coupled to the bottom.2. The processing chamber of claim 1 , wherein each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets has a first cross-sectional area and each gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports has a second cross-sectional area claim 1 , wherein the second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area.3. The processing chamber of claim 2 , wherein each gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports is a slit-like opening that conforms to an azimuth of the lower side wall.4. The processing chamber of claim 3 , wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle of about zero degrees with the bottom.5. The processing chamber of claim 3 , wherein the slit-like opening forms an angle greater than zero degrees with the bottom.6. The processing chamber of claim 1 , further ...

Plasma Intrusion Process to Produce Cermet Armor

A plasma process producing cermets of differential hardness using nitrogen as the working gas and argon as the shielding gas at plasma temperatures is disclosed. Nitrogen atoms are ionized and react readily with molten titanium atoms of a substrate layer which then solidify during cooling to form TiN particles in the surface of a substrate thereby forming a composite. Because the nitrogen chemically bonds to the molten titanium the composite is not a laminate but an alloy of differential composition. By manipulating the process variables, the differential composition can be meticulously controlled. The thickness of the TiN cermet layer, and the hardness of the TiN cermet layer can be independently controlled in a reproducible manner thereby producing materials possessing specific desirable properties tailored to the ultimate intended use of the composites. 1. The process of producing a composite material of differential composition comprising ionizing nitrogen gas and reacting the ionized nitrogen gas with molten titanium atoms on a surface of a titanium substrate layer which then solidify during cooling to form a cermet layer of TiN particles in the surface of the titanium substrate thereby forming a cermet composite layer.2. The process of wherein the nitrogen gas is ionized by passing the substrate through a plasma torch using a nitrogen working gas and argon as a shielding gas.3. The process of including the steps of manipulating the thickness of the TiN cermet layer claim 1 , and the hardness of the TiN cermet layer thereby producing materials possessing specific desirable properties tailored to the ultimate intended use of the composites by controlling the duration with which the titanium substrate is subjected to the plasma torch in the nitrogen atmosphere.4. The process of including the steps of manipulating the thickness of the TiN cermet layer claim 1 , and the hardness of the TiN cermet layer thereby producing materials possessing specific desirable ...

Valve and method for producing a valve

A valve is provided, in particular an injection valve, having a valve seat and a valve needle which extends along a closing direction for the most part, the valve seat having a valve-seat surface, and a valve-closing element is mounted on an end of the valve needle facing the valve seat, the valve-closing element being able to be moved between an open position and a closed position, and the valve-closing element together with the valve-seat surface forming a sealing seat in the closed position, the valve-closing element having a greater core hardness and/or surface hardness than the valve-seat surface.

Metal Alloy For Medical Devices

A method and process for at least partially forming a medical device. 120-. (canceled)21. A medical device in the form of an orthopedic device or an orthodontics device that is formed of a metal alloy that includes 40 wt. % to 99.9 wt. % molybdenum and one or more other material , said metal alloy having an average density of up to about 14 gm/cc , said metal alloy of said medical device has an average grain size of 4-14 ASTM , said other materials selected from the group consisting of the group consisting of calcium , carbon , cerium oxide , chromium , cobalt , copper , gold , hafnium , iron , lanthanum oxide , lead , magnesium , nickel , niobium , osmium , platinum , rare earth metals , rhenium , silver , tantalum , technetium , titanium , tungsten , vanadium , yttrium , yttrium oxide , zinc , zirconium , zirconium oxide.22. The medical device as defined in claim 21 , wherein said metal alloy is selected from the group consisting of MoTiZr claim 21 , MoHfC claim 21 , MoYO claim 21 , MoCeO claim 21 , MoW claim 21 , MoTa claim 21 , MoZrO claim 21 , MoLaO claim 21 , and MoYOCeO.23. The medical device as defined in claim 21 , wherein said metal alloy is MoTiZr claim 21 , a weight percent of titanium in said MoTiZr is less than 1 weight percent claim 21 , a carbon content in said MoTiZr is no more than 150 ppm claim 21 , and a weight percent of zirconium in said MoTiZr is less than 1 weight percent and said MoTiZr has an elongation of greater than 10% claim 21 , a UTS of 60-320 ksi claim 21 , and a modulus of elasticity of >300 GPa.24. The medical device as defined in claim 21 , wherein said metal alloy is MoHfC claim 21 , a weight percent of said hafnium in said MoHfC is about 0.8-1.4 weight percent and a weight percent of said carbon in said MoHfC is about 0.05-0.15 claim 21 , and said MoHfC has an elongation of greater than 10% claim 21 , a UTS of 60-320 ksi claim 21 , and a modulus of elasticity of >300 GPa.25. The medical device as defined in claim 21 , wherein ...

Improved Metal Alloy For Medical Devices

A method and process for at least partially forming a medical device. The present invention is generally directed to a medical device that is at least partially made of a novel alloy having improved properties as compared to past medical devices. The novel alloy used to at least partially form the medical device improves one or more properties (e.g., strength, durability, hardness, biostability, bendability, coefficient of friction, radial strength, flexibility, tensile strength, tensile elongation, longitudinal lengthening, stress-strain properties, improved recoil properties, radiopacity, heat sensitivity, biocompatibility, improved fatigue life, crack resistance, crack propagation resistance, etc.) of such medical device.

Method for manufacturing endless metal belt, endless metal belt, and belt-type continuously variable transmission

A method for manufacturing an endless metal belt used in a belt-type continuously variable transmission, wherein a stress-relief heat treatment is performed after the circumference of a ring body has been adjusted, and aging/nitridation is performed after the stress-relief heat treatment.

Dental and Medical Instruments Comprising Titanium

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal. 1. A method for manufacturing or modifying an endodontic instrument for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth , the method comprising:(a) providing an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank, the shank comprising a nickel titanium alloy, and(b) heat-treating and/or coating the shank at a temperature from 25° C. up to but not equal to the melting point of the nickel titanium alloy.2. The method of wherein the nickel titanium alloy is superelastic.3. The method of wherein the temperature is from 300° C. up to but not equal to the melting point of the nickel titanium alloy.4. The method of wherein the heat-treated instrument has an angle greater than 6 degrees of permanent deformation after torque at 45° of flexion when tested in accordance with ISO Standard 3630-1 Dentistry—Root-canal instruments—Part 1: General requirements.5. The method of wherein the heat-treated instrument has an angle greater than 10 degrees of permanent deformation after torque at 45° of flexion when tested in accordance with ISO Standard 3630-1 Dentistry—Root-canal instruments—Part 1: ...

Dental and Medical Instruments Comprising Titanium

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

Method And Apparatus For Controlling The Nitriding Potential Of A Nitriding, Nitro-Carburizing Or Carbonitriding Atmosphere

A method and an apparatus for nitriding metal articles, wherein the nitriding potential of the nitriding atmosphere is controlled as a function of the molecular weights of the inlet and outlet gases from the nitriding apparatus, as measured by molecular weight sensors located outside (external to) the furnace chamber. 1. A method of controlling a nitriding potential of a furnace having a chamber , at least one inlet conduit in fluid flow communication with the chamber , and at least one outlet conduit in fluid flow communication with the chamber , the method comprising: i. heating the chamber to a temperature equal to or greater than 350 degrees;', 'ii. supplying an inlet gas feed comprising an ammonia feed and a premix feed to the chamber through the at least one inlet conduit; and', 'iii. exhausting an outlet gas feed through the at least one outlet conduit;, '(a) performing a nitriding process on a work piece located in the chamber, the nitriding process comprising(b) measuring a molecular weight of one selected from the group of a premix feed and the inlet gas feed using the at least one inlet gas molecular weight sensor located on one of the at least one inlet conduit and located external to the chamber;(c) measuring a molecular weight of the outlet gas feed using at least one outlet gas molecular weight sensor located on one of the at least one outlet conduit and located external to the chamber;(d) controlling at least one operating parameter of the process as a function of the molecular weight of the inlet gas feed measured in step (b) and the molecular weight of the outlet gas feed measured in step (c); and(e) performing steps (b) through (d) during at least a portion of the performance of step (a).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (e) further comprises repeatedly performing steps (b) through (d) during at least a portion of the performance of step (a).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) further comprises measuring a molecular weight of the ...

Axial Piston-Type Hydraulic Rotary Machine

A nitriding layer () is formed on the front surface side of a base material of a cylinder block () including an opening side end surface (B) and each cylinder hole (). Then, a piston sliding surface (A) of each cylinder hole () is formed as a compound layer-removed hole () by removing a compound layer () that is located on the front surface side of the nitriding layer () by using polishing means such as, for example, honing and so forth. Further, a compound layer-removed surface () is formed on a part (A) where a compound layer-removed hole () and a cylinder inlet side tapered surface (B) of each cylinder hole () intersect by using the polishing means such as, for example, the honing and so forth. This compound layer-removed surface () is formed as a tapered-state inclined surface of an angle α. 1. An axial piston-type hydraulic rotary machine comprising:a tubular casing;a rotational shaft that is rotatably provided in the casing;a cylinder block that is provided in the casing so as to rotate together with the rotational shaft and has a plurality of cylinder holes that are separated from one another in a circumferential direction and extend in an axial direction;a plurality of pistons that are inserted and fitted into the respective cylinder holes in the cylinder block to be reciprocally movable; anda valve plate that is provided between the casing and the cylinder block and in which one pair of supply and exhaust ports that communicate with the respective cylinder holes are formed, whereina cylinder inlet side tapered surface is formed on each of the cylinder holes in the cylinder block by performing cylinder inlet chamfering from an opening side end surface toward a piston sliding surface of the cylinder hole, anda nitriding layer on which nitride-based treatment is performed at least including the piston sliding surface, the opening side end surface of each of the cylinder holes and the cylinder inlet side tapered surface is formed on the cylinder block, ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A TITANIUM ALLOY FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy having superelastic properties and/or shape memory for biomedical use, which comprises the steps of: preparing an ingot by melting the various metals that form the desired alloy in a vacuum; optionally homogenizing the ingot in a vacuum by high-temperature annealing (higher than 900° C.); first quenching; mechanical shaping (rolling, drawing, machining or the like); heat treatment for redissolution in beta phase beyond the beta transus temperature (until a second temperature and then maintaining same for a certain time); and second quenching; characterized in that said heat treatment phase is carried out in a gaseous atmosphere and also constitutes a surface treatment suitable for forming on the surface a layer of nitride, carbonitride, oxide, oxynitride or the like.

WEAR RESISTANT VAPOR DEPOSITED COATING, METHOD OF COATING DEPOSITION AND APPLICATIONS THEREFOR

A low friction top coat over a multilayer metal/ceramic bondcoat provides a conductive substrate, such as a rotary tool, with wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The top coat further provides low friction and anti-stickiness as well as high compressive stress. The high compressive stress provided by the top coat protects against degradation of the tool due to abrasion and torsional and cyclic fatigue. Substrate temperature is strictly controlled during the coating process to preserve the bulk properties of the substrate and the coating. The described coating process is particularly useful when applied to shape memory alloys. 1. A wear resistant coating for a cutting edge , comprising:{'sup': 3', '2, 'a metal-ceramic coating comprising at least one pair of layers comprised of a ceramic layer overlaying a metallic layer, the metal-ceramic coating comprising a columnar structure and having a toughness of greater than about 0.05 H/E; and'}at least one top coat overlaying the metal-ceramic coating, the at least one top coat comprising an amorphous matrix having a friction coefficient of less than 0.3;wherein the at least one top coat imposes a compressive stress of from about 0.1 to about 8 gigapascals to the underlaying metal-ceramic coating.2. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the metal-ceramic coating has a hardness of greater than about 20 gigapascals.3. The coating of claim 2 , wherein the amorphous matrix of the at least one top coat comprises nanocrystals sized from about 1 to about 100 nanometers.4. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the metallic layer of the metal-ceramic coating is selected from the group consisting of titanium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , alloys thereof claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic layer of the metal-ceramic coating is selected from the group consisting of ...

REACTIVE DEPOSITION SYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS

Techniques for reactive deposition are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes providing laser energy into a deposition environment, the laser energy having a focal point and introducing a first precursor material and a second precursor material into the deposition environment at or near the focal point of the provided laser energy, thereby causing the first and second precursor materials to melt and react to form a composite material different than both the first and second precursor materials. The method also includes allowing the formed composite to solidify by moving the focal point of the provided laser energy away from the melted first and second precursor materials. 1. A method for reactive deposition , comprising:providing an energy stream into a deposition environment, the provided energy stream having a focal point;introducing a first precursor material and a second precursor material into the deposition environment at or near the focal point of the provided energy stream, thereby causing the first and second precursor materials to react to form a composite material having a composition different than both the first and second precursor materials; andallowing the formed composite material to solidify by moving the focal point of the provided energy stream away from the first and second precursor materials.2. The method of wherein:providing the energy stream includes providing a laser energy stream, a plasma energy stream, an electron beam energy stream, a microwave energy stream, an induction heating energy stream, a resistance heating energy stream, or a combination thereof towards a substrate having a substrate material different than the first and second precursor materials, the provided energy stream melting a portion of the substrate material; andthe first and second precursor materials react with the portion of the substrate material to form the composite material having the composition different than those of the substrate material, ...

ASYNCHRONOUS CONVERSION OF METALS TO METAL CERAMICS

The disclosed invention includes articles having advantageous ceramic layers with a ceramic/metal intermediate layer that diminishes towards a pure metal core. Such articles have substantial use in unconventional, harsh environments. 1. An object surface positioned between the Karman Line and terra , said object comprising:a core consisting of a metal;an intermediate layer, enveloping said core, consisting of a mixture of said metal and a ceramic; and postformed from a composition consisting of said metal; andan outer layer, enveloping said intermediate layer, composed of an original surface consisting of a substantially isotropic metal-ceramic for a original surface depth and a machined surface with a machined surface depth consisting of said substantially isotropic metal-ceramic, wherein said machined surface depth is less than said original surface depth; said machined surface having a machined loss-volume depth removed from said outer layer; and said machined surface hardness-accelerated in duration sufficient to impart a comparable hardness between said original surface and said machined surface.2. The object of wherein said intermediate layer beneath said machined surface and said intermediate surface beneath said original surface is non-linear.3. The article of wherein said intermediate layer depth between said machined surface and said intermediate layer beneath said original surface includes a substantially similar depth.4. The article of wherein said intermediate layer depth is greater than said machined loss-volume depth.5. The article of wherein said intermediate layer depth is greater than 50% of said machined loss-volume depth.6. The article of wherein said intermediate layer depth is greater than 75% of said machined loss-volume depth.7. An object surface positioned between the Karman Line and terra claim 5 , said object comprising:a core consisting of a metal;an intermediate layer, enveloping said core, consisting of a mixture of said metal and a ...

Method for adjusting pore size of porous metal material and pore structure of porous metal material

Disclosed are a method for adjusting the pore size of a porous metal material and the pore structure of a porous metal material. The method comprises: permeating at least one element into the surface of the pores of the material to generate a permeated layer on the surface of the pores, so that the average pore size of the porous material is reduced to within a certain range, thus obtaining a pore structure of the porous metal material having the pores distributed on the surface of the material and the permeated layer provided on the surface of the pores. 131-. (canceled)32. A method for adjusting pore diameters of porous metal materials is characterized by that permeating at least one element into the surfaces of the pores of the materials to make the average pore diameter reduce by 0.1˜100 μm , and the average pore diameter of the materials after the reduction is 0.05˜100 μm; by localized anti-permeation treatment on the porous metal materials , the final thickness of the permeated layers formed exhibit asymmetry between the front and the back.33. The method for adjusting pore diameters of porous metal materials of is characterized by that the porous metal materials are Aluminum-based intermetallic compound porous materials.34. The method for adjusting pore diameters of a porous metal material of is characterized in that the Aluminum-based intermetallic compound porous materials refer to one type of TiAl intermetallic compound porous materials claim 33 , NiAl intermetallic compound porous materials or FeAl intermetallic compound porous materials.35. The method for adjusting pore diameters of porous metal materials of is characterized by that the permeating element is at least one of carbon claim 32 , nitrogen claim 32 , boron claim 32 , sulphur claim 32 , silicon claim 32 , aluminum claim 32 , chromium.36. The method for adjusting pore diameters of porous metal materials described in is characterized by that first TiAl intermetallic compound porous materials are ...

Cobalt based alloy product

There is provided a cobalt-based alloy product comprising: in mass %, 0.08-0.25% C; more than 0.04% and 0.2% or less N, the total amount of C and N being more than 0.12% and 0.28% or less; 0.1% or less B; 10-30% Cr; 5% or less Fe and 30% or less Ni, the total amount of Fe and Ni being 30% or less; W and/or Mo, the total amount of W and Mo being 5-12%; 0.5% or less Si; 0.5% or less Mn; 0.5 to 2 mass % of an M component being a transition metal other than W and Mo and having an atomic radius of more than 130 pm; and the balance being Co and impurities. The product comprises matrix phase crystal grains, in which particles of MC carbides, M(C,N) carbonitrides and/or MN nitrides including the M component are precipitated at an average interparticle distance of 0.13-2 μm.

METHOD FOR ALTERING SURFACE OF METAL, AND METALLIC PRODUCT

Provide a metal surface reforming method enabling metallic products with superior characteristics such as surface hardness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature oxidation, high temperature corrosion, and environmental corrosion and the like. 1. A metal surface reforming method comprising the steps of performing nitride processing on a base material of iron based metal or nickel based metal of heating and retaining the base material in an atmosphere containing a nitrogen source gas to form a diffusion layer with diffused nitrogen with a nitrogen concentration of 10 atom % or higher and thickness of 5 μm or more , and then performing chromizing treatment by heating and retaining the nitrided base material in a powder containing metallic chromium at a temperature of 850 to 1200° C. to form a surface reformed layer on the base material.2. The metal surface reforming method according to wherein the surface reformed layer comprises a chromium compound layer formed on a surface and a chromium enriched layer formed underneath the chromium compound layer.3. (canceled)4. The metal surface reforming method according to claim 1 , wherein the base material is an austenite based metal.5. The metal surface reforming method according to wherein the metal surface reforming method comprises a halogenation treatment of heating and retaining the base material in an atmosphere containing a halogen based gas prior to nitride processing.6. A metallic product where two layers claim 1 , a chromium compound layer formed on a surface and a chromium enriched layer formed underneath this layer are formed on a base material of an iron based metal or nickel based metal.7. The metallic product according to claim 6 , wherein the base material is an austenite based metal.8. The metal surface reforming method according to wherein the base material is an austenite based metal.9. The metal surface reforming method according to wherein the metal surface reforming method comprises a ...

CHAIN COMPONENT AND CHAIN

Provided are a chain component that has a simple surface treatment structure and can maintain good wear resistance over a long time, and a chain that includes the chain component and maintains good wear elongation resistance. The chain component of a power transmission chain for industrial use includes a chromium nitride layer formed on an outer side of a steel base material and containing more than 0 mass % but not more than 55 mass % iron. At least a surface of the chromium nitride layer that slides against other components is a rough surface with peaks and valleys. 1. A chain component of a power transmission chain for industrial use , the chain component comprising:a steel base material; anda chromium nitride layer formed on an outer side of the steel base material and containing more than 0 mass % but not more than 55 mass % iron,at least a surface of the chromium nitride layer that slides against other components being a rough surface with peaks and valleys.2. The chain component according to claim 1 , wherein the rough surface has a surface roughness Rk of 0.05 μm to 0.5 μm.3. The chain component according to claim 1 , wherein the chromium nitride layer has an iron concentration distribution where iron concentration decreases gradually from a surface of the steel base material toward an outer side.4. The chain component according to claim 1 , wherein the chromium nitride layer has chromium and nitrogen concentration distributions where chromium and nitrogen concentrations decrease gradually from an outer side toward a surface of the steel base material.5. The chain component according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the iron is 1 mass % or more and 45 mass % or less.6. The chain component according to claim 1 , wherein the chromium nitride layer contains more than 0 mass % but not more than 55 mass % iron claim 1 , 45 mass % or more and 90 mass % or less chromium claim 1 , and 5 mass % or more and 25 mass % or less nitrogen based on 100 mass % of a total ...

Sliding member

A torque limiter unit includes a first metal member and a second metal member (pressure plate, cover plate) pressed against the first metal member with a predetermined pressure, and is configured such that the first metal member and the second metal member are slid relative to each other against a frictional force generated between the first metal member and the second metal member. Further, the first metal member includes, as a sliding surface, a first coating layer including a 3d transition metal-containing compound, and the second metal member includes, as a sliding surface, a second coating layer including a 3d transition metal-containing compound.

METHOD OF TREATING A WORKPIECE COMPRISING A TITANIUM METAL AND OBJECT

Method of treating a workpiece comprising a titanium metal, wherein a titanium metal surface layer of the workpiece is converted to titanium nitrides. The method comprises the following steps; a) heating the workpiece to an initial nitriding temperature (T) and b) subjecting said workpiece to one or more nitriding temperatures (T, T) for predetermined time(s) in a nitrogen containing gas under high pressure at hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conditions for converting the titanium metal surface layer to a first layer portion consisting of titanium nitrides and a second layer portion comprising a nitrogen gradient in the titanium metal. The method further comprises c) quenching the workpiece in the nitrogen containing gas under high pressure at hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conditions, in order to strengthen the titanium metal below the in step b) formed first nitride layer portion. 1. A method of treating a workpiece comprising a titanium metal , wherein a titanium metal surface layer of the workpiece is converted to titanium nitrides , which method comprises the following steps;{'sub': 'n1', 'a) heating the workpiece to an initial nitriding temperature (T);'}{'sub': n1', 'n2, 'b) subjecting said workpiece to one or more nitriding temperatures (T, T) for predetermined time(s) in a nitrogen containing gas under high pressure at hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conditions for converting the titanium metal surface layer to a first layer portion consisting of titanium nitrides and a second layer portion comprising a nitrogen gradient in the titanium metal;'}the method being characterized by;c) quenching the workpiece in the nitrogen containing gas under high pressure at hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conditions at a quenching rate of at least 150 K/min, in order to strengthen the titanium metal below the, in step b) formed, first nitride layer portion.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the work piece claim 1 , before step c) claim 1 , is subjected to at least one ...

Case hardened component of titanium

The present invention relates to a case hardened component of a titanium alloy, the component having a diffusion zone of a thickness of at least 50 μltl, as calculated from the surface of the component, the diffusion zone comprising oxygen and carbon in solid solution and having a distinct phase of a carbo-oxide compound having the composition TiO x C 1-x , wherein x is a number in the range of 0.01 to 0.99, which diffusion zone has a microhardness of at least 800 HV0.025 and which carbo-oxide compound has a microhardness of at least 1200 HV0.025. In another aspect the invention relates to a method of producing the case hardened component. In a further aspect the invention relates to a method of oxidising a component of a Group IV metal.

Dental and Medical Instruments Comprising Titanium

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal. 1. An endodontic instrument or device for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth , the endodontic instrument or device prepared by a method comprising:(a) providing an elongate shank comprising a nickel titanium alloy; and(b) after step (a), heat-treating the entire shank,wherein the heat-treated shank has increased angular deflection compared to a shank of same composition and size not treated in accordance with step (b).2. The endodontic instrument or device of wherein the elongate shank has a first portion including a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank and a second portion without a cutting edge.3. The endodontic instrument or device of wherein the angular deflection is determined by a study of torsion reported in degrees of deflection performed in accordance with ISO Standard 3630-1 Dentistry—Root-canal instruments—Part 1: General requirements and ANSI/ADA Specification No. 28 claim 1 , Endodontic files and reamers.4. The endodontic instrument or device of wherein the nickel titanium alloy is a superelastic nickel titanium alloy.5. The endodontic instrument or device of ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING EDIBLE OIL DETERIORATION PREVENTING MEMBER, AND EDIBLE OIL DETERIORATION PREVENTING MEMBER

An object of the present invention is to produce a member useful for preventing edible oil from degrading by performing simple, economical, and safe steps. 1. A method for producing an edible oil degradation-preventing member , the method comprising the steps of:(1) forming titanium nitride on the surface of a metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material by one treatment method selected from the group consisting of a heat treatment under an ammonia gas atmosphere and a heat treatment under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, at a heating temperature of 750° C. or higher;(2) anodizing the metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material with the titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (1) by applying a voltage of 10 V or more in an electrolyte solution having no etching effect on titanium, thereby forming a titanium oxide film; and(3) heating the metallic titanium material or titanium alloy material with the titanium oxide film formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (2) at a temperature of 400° C. or higher in an atmosphere selected from an air atmosphere, a mixed atmosphere of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas, and an oxygen gas atmosphere.2. The method for producing an edible oil degradation-preventing member according to claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment under a nitrogen gas atmosphere is performed in the presence of an oxygen-trapping agent.3. The method for producing an edible oil degradation-preventing member according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte solution having no etching effect on titanium for use in the anodization contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids claim 1 , organic acids claim 1 , and salts thereof.4. The method for producing an edible oil degradation-preventing member according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids claim 3 , organic acids claim 3 , and salts thereof is at least one compound selected ...

WELDLESS TRANSFER TUBE ASSEMBLY

A weldless assembly comprises a plurality of tubes, wherein the plurality of tubes includes an inner tube, an intermediate tube, and an outer tube; a first closure end configured to cap a first side of the plurality of tubes; and a second closure end configured to cap a second side of the plurality of tubes. 1. A weldless assembly comprising:a plurality of tubes comprising an inner tube, an intermediate tube, and an outer tube;a first closure end configured to cap a first side of the plurality of tubes; anda second closure end configured to cap a second side of the plurality of tubes.2. The weldless assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the inner claim 1 , the intermediate claim 1 , and the outer tubes are separately nitrided to ensure consistent material properties between the inner claim 1 , the intermediate claim 1 , and the outer tubes prior to the assembly of the plurality of tubes.3. The weldless assembly of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate tube is inserted into the outer tube.4. The weldless assembly of claim 3 , wherein the inner tube is inserted into the intermediate tube.5. The weldless assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second closure ends comprise a plurality of seals that are aligned with the plurality of tubes.6. The weldless assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first closure end comprises a washer that secures the first closure end to the plurality of tubes.7. The weldless assembly of claim 1 , wherein the second closure end comprises a guide that secures the second closure end to the plurality of tubes.8. The weldless assembly of claim 1 , wherein a snap ring secures the second closure end to the outer tube. This application is a Divisional Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/838,943, filed Aug. 28, 2015, which claims priority of EP No. 14306397.2 filed on Sep. 11, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.The disclosure relates generally to transfer tube assemblies, and more ...

CONDITIONING ONE OR MORE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED OBJECTS

A manufacturing process is provided. During this process, material is solidified together within a chamber to form an object using an additive manufacturing device. At least a portion of the solidified material is conditioned within the chamber using a material conditioning device. 1. A manufacturing process , comprising:solidifying material together within a chamber to form an object using an additive manufacturing device; andconditioning at least a portion of the solidified material within the chamber using a material conditioning device.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning comprises changing a chemical composition of the at least a portion of the solidified material.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning comprises changing a microstructure of the at least a portion of the solidified material.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning comprises nitriding at least a portion the solidified material at a surface of the object.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning comprises boriding at least a portion the solidified material at a surface of the object.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning comprises chromizing at least a portion the solidified material at a surface of the object.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning comprises aluminizing at least a portion the solidified material at a surface of the object.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solidifying comprises fusing the material together using an energy beam generated by the additive manufacturing device.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the object comprises a complete additive manufactured part.10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:solidifying additional material together and with the object within the chamber using the additive manufacturing device to form a second object; andconditioning at least a portion of the additional solidified material within the chamber using the material conditioning device.11. The ...

MAGNETIC MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MAGNETIC MATERIAL

An internal structure of a magnetic material is phase-separated into at least a first phase and a second phase. At least one of the first phase and the second phase includes a compound having a perovskite structure. The first phase and the second phase include Mn, Sn, and N. According to this, it is possible to obtain a magnetic material in which magnetic properties such as a coercive force are improved. In addition, in a case where a rare-earth element is not included in elements that constitute the magnetic material, it is possible to obtain a magnetic material having corrosion resistance. 1. A magnetic material ,wherein an internal structure is phase-separated into at least a first phase and a second phase,at least one of the first phase and the second phase includes a compound having a perovskite structure, andthe first phase and the second phase include Mn, Sn, and N.2. The magnetic material according to claim 1 , further including:at least one or more among Co, Fe, Cr, Nb, Ga, Cu, V, Ni, Zr, Ti, Zn, and Al as a constituent element.3. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,{'sub': a', 'b', 'c', '100-d', 'd, 'wherein the magnetic material is expressed by a compositional formula (MnSnX)Nin which a+b+c=100, 30≦a≦90, 5≦b≦35, 0≦c≦35, and 10≦d, and'}the element X is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Cr, Nb, Ga, Cu, V, Ni, Zr, Ti, Zn, and Al.4. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 4', '3, 'wherein the first phase includes at least MnN or MnSnN.'}5. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,wherein the second phase includes at least β-Mn or α-Mn.6. A method for producing the magnetic material according to claim 1 , the method comprising:a melting step of melting metallic constituent elements except for nitrogen to form an alloy;a powdering step of atomizing the alloy which is obtained in the melting step; anda heat treatment step of subjecting a powder, which is obtained in the powdering step, to a heat treatment in ...

METHOD OF MAKING AN ENERGY STORAGE ARTICLE

A method of making an energy storage article having a metal nitride electrode is disclosed where metal nitride is made by nitriding particles of a metal or oxide of a metal selected from vanadium molybdenum, titanium, niobium, tungsten, or combinations including any of the foregoing by contacting the particles with a gas of nitrogen and hydrogen, or ammonia, in a fluidized bed reactor to form particles of metal nitride for the electrode.

EFFECTIVE AND NOVEL DESIGN FOR LOWER PARTICLE COUNT AND BETTER WAFER QUALITY BY DIFFUSING THE FLOW INSIDE THE CHAMBER

Embodiments described herein generally relate to a processing chamber having one or more gas inlet ports located at a bottom of the processing chamber. Gas flowing into the processing chamber via the one or more gas inlet ports is directed along a lower side wall of the processing chamber by a plate located over each of the one or more gas inlet ports or by an angled opening of each of the one or more gas inlet ports. The one or more gas inlet ports and the plates may be located at one end of the processing chamber, and the gas flow is directed towards an exhaust port located at the opposite end of the processing chamber by the plates or the angled openings. Thus, more gas can be flowed into the processing chamber without dislodging particles from a lid of the processing chamber. 1. A processing chamber , comprising:a bottom;a lower side wall disposed on the bottom;an upper side wall disposed on the lower side wall;a lid disposed on the upper side wall;a process gas injection port disposed on the lid;one or more gas inlet ports located in the bottom for introducing a purge gas or pressurizing gas into the processing chamber, wherein the one or more gas inlet ports are adjacent to the lower side wall; andan exhaust enclosure coupled to the bottom.2. The processing chamber of claim 1 , further comprising one or more gas inlets claim 1 , wherein each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets is coupled to a corresponding gas inlet port of the one or more gas inlet ports claim 1 , wherein each gas inlet has a first cross-sectional area and each gas inlet port has a second cross-sectional area claim 1 , wherein the second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area.3. The processing chamber of claim 2 , wherein each gas inlet of the one or more gas inlets includes an opening that forms an angle with a basis plane of the processing chamber for directing the purge gas or pressurizing gas to flow along the lower side wall.4. The processing chamber of ...

PLANETARY GEAR CARRIER WITH HARDENED POSTS

A planetary gear system includes a planetary gear carrier having three or more posts extending from the planetary gear carrier, each post having a hardened exterior surface, and a planet pinion gear in contact with the hardened exterior surface of each post. 1. A planetary gear system comprising:a planetary gear carrier having three or more posts extending from the planetary gear carrier, each post having a hardened exterior surface; anda planet pinion gear in contact with the hardened exterior surface of each post.2. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , further comprising a bearing system within each planet pinion gear claim 1 , wherein the bearing system is in contact with the hardened exterior surface of the post.3. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , wherein the hardened exterior surface of each post is hardened in situ.4. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , wherein the hardened exterior surface of each post is hardened by tempering and quenching claim 1 , carbonization claim 1 , nitriding claim 1 , or local hardening.5. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , wherein the hardened exterior surface of each post comprises a hardening coating disposed on the post or a hardening material implanted into the post.6. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , wherein the planetary gear carrier comprises a single piece planetary gear carrier and the posts are integral with the single piece planetary gear carrier.7. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , further comprising:a planetary sun gear disposed between and engaging the planet pinion gears; anda compound bull gear connected to the planetary sun gear.8. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , further comprising a rotor mast that engages a gear disposed in a top of the planetary gear carrier or other torque-carrying component.9. The planetary gear system of claim 1 , wherein the planetary gear system comprises an overhung planetary gear system wherein the planetary gear carrier overhangs the planet pinion gears.10 ...

SURFACE LAYER HARDENED METAL MATERIAL AND SURFACE LAYER HARDENING METHOD

Providing improved wear resistance to a metal material by hardening a surface layer and a surface layer hardening method. A base material is nitrided so that a metal material () has a surface layer hardened. The surface layer of the base material is formed with no nitrogen compound layer (C), and the base material includes a region from a surface thereof to a depth of 78 μm, the region having a Vickers hardness higher than the base material by not less than 5%. 1. A surface layer hardened metal material having a surface layer hardened by nitriding a base material , wherein the surface layer of the base material is formed with no nitrogen compound layer , and the base material includes a region from a surface thereof to a depth of 78 μm , the region having a Vickers hardness higher than the base material by not less than 5%.2. The metal material according to claim 1 , wherein the surface layer has a hardness change continuously transitioning.3. A surface layer hardening method comprising:a pretreatment step by a shot blast treatment that causes elastic bodies to collide against a surface of a metal material; anda nitriding step of placing the metal material pretreated through the pretreatment step, within a treatment chamber, and forming a nitrogen diffusion layer in a surface layer of the pretreated metal material by nitrogen plasma generated by irradiating a nitrogen gas introduced into the treatment chamber with electron beams.4. The surface layer hardening method according to claim 3 , wherein in the nitriding step claim 3 , nitrogen ions of the nitrogen plasma are blocked from entering the surface of the pretreated metal material and only nitrogen atoms are allowed to enter the surface of the pretreated metal material claim 3 , so that the nitrogen diffusion layer is formed in the surface layer.5. The surface layer hardening method according to claim 4 , wherein in the nitriding step claim 4 , a shielding member is provided to surround the pretreated metal ...

TITANIUM ALLOY MEMBER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

There is provided a titanium alloy member including a base metal portion, and an outer hardened layer formed on an outer layer of the base metal portion, the cross sectional hardness of the base metal portion is 330 HV or higher and lower than 400 HV, the cross sectional hardnesses at positions 5 μm and 15 μm from the surface of the outer hardened layer are 450 HV or higher and lower than 600 HV, the outer hardened layer includes an oxygen diffusion layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer, the oxygen diffusion layer is at a depth of 40 to 80 μm from the surface of the outer hardened layer, and the nitrogen diffusion layer is at a depth of 2 to 5 μm from surface of the outer hardened layer. This titanium alloy member includes an outer hardened layer, is high in cross sectional hardness of the base metal portion, and is excellent in fatigue strength and wear resistance. 1. A titanium alloy member comprising a base metal portion , and an outer hardened layer formed on an outer layer of the base metal portion ,the base metal portion having a cross sectional hardness of 330 HV or higher and lower than 400 HV,cross sectional hardnesses at positions 5 μm and 15 μm from a surface of the outer hardened layer being 450 HV or higher and lower than 600 HV,the outer hardened layer including an oxygen diffusion layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer,the oxygen diffusion layer being at a depth of 40 to 80 μm from the surface of the outer hardened layer, andthe nitrogen diffusion layer being at a depth of 2 to 5 μm from the surface of the outer hardened layer.2. The titanium alloy member according to claim 1 , whereinthe base metal portion is made of a Near-β titanium alloy, and {'br': None, 'Mo equivalent (%)=Mo (%)+V (%)/1.5+1.25×Cr (%)+2.5×Fe (%)\u2003\u2003(1)'}, 'a chemical composition of the base metal portion contains, in mass %, Al: 3 to 6%, oxygen: 0.06% or more and less than 0.25%, Mo equivalent of 6 to 13%, which is calculated by a following formula (1), with the balance ...