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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 32317. Отображено 100.
26-01-2012 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for manufacturing perchlorate

Номер: US20120020871A1
Автор: Junichi Okuyama, Kazuo Uematsu, Kumiko Yoshihisa, Muneo Ayabe, Nobuhiko Kubota, Takahiro Matsuo, Yasunori Hamano
Принадлежит: IHI Corp

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a perchlorate including an electrolysis process (S 1 ) in which, using an electrolysis tank ( 2 ) in which an anode section ( 4 A) provided with an anode ( 4 ) and a cathode section ( 5 A) provided a cathode ( 5 ) are divided by a cation exchange membrane ( 6 ), an aqueous solution of sodium chlorate is electrolytically oxidized in the anode section, a neutralization reaction process (S 2 ) in which a substance that becomes alkaline when dissolved in water is added to the aqueous solution of perchloric acid in the anode section, which has been generated by the electrolytic oxidation, so as to synthesize a perchlorate by a neutralization reaction, and a crystallization method in which the perchlorate synthesized by the neutralization reaction process is formed into crystals, in which the crystallization method includes a crystallization method composed of three processes of an evaporation and crystallization process (S 3 ) or an evaporation and concentration process (S 21 ), a cooling and crystallization process (S 22 ), and a separation process (S 23 ).

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Номер записи: 1
02-02-2012 дата публикации

Electrode assembly

Номер: US20120024571A1
Автор: Andrew Raymond Mount, Anthony John Walton, Jonathan Gordon Terry, Neville John Freeman
Принадлежит: Nanoflex Ltd, University of Edinburgh

The present invention relates to an electrode assembly having a laminate structure comprising: a first insulating capping layer; a first conducting layer capped by the first insulating capping layer and substantially sandwiched by at least the first insulating capping layer such as to leave exposed only an electrical contact lip of the first conducting layer; and an array of etched voids extending through at least the first insulating capping layer and the first conducting layer, wherein each void is partly bound by a surface of the first conducting layer which acts as an internal submicron electrode.

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Номер записи: 2
19-04-2012 дата публикации

Anode for oxygen generation

Номер: US20120091007A1
Автор: Hirokatsu Shimizu, Hiroki Imoto, Shinji Yamauchi
Принадлежит: Daiso Co Ltd

In an insoluble anode for use in an electrolysis step accompanied by oxygen generation, by making the anode exert sufficient durability even in electrolysis accompanied by cathodic polarization besides anodic polarization, a service life of an electrode is prolonged and works of electrode repair, replacement, and the like are reduced. In order to realize this, an active material supporting member made of a porous metal sheet such as an expanded metal, a punching metal, or a bamboo blind-like or net-shaped metal is bonded to a conductive metal as an electrode structure, to configure an electrode substrate. The electrode substrate is coated, on the side to which the supporting member is bonded, with an electrode active material consisting mainly of iridium oxide. Thus, the anode for oxygen generation, which is highly resistant to a cathodization phenomenon, is obtained.

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Номер записи: 3
10-05-2012 дата публикации

Method for a metal electrowinning

Номер: US20120111735A1
Автор: Toshikazu Hayashida
Принадлежит: Permelec Electrode Ltd

An electrowinning method of metals through electrolysis of a metal chloride solution uses an anode comprising a substrate comprising titanium or titanium alloy, and a coating layer comprising a plurality of a unit layer, provided on the surface of the substrate. The unit layer comprises the first coating layer comprising a mixture of iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide and titanium oxide and the second coating layer comprising a mixture of platinum and iridium oxide. The first coating layer contacts with the surface of said substrate and an outer coating layer of the unit layer formed on the outermost layer of said coating layer is the second coating layer. The coating layer is formed by thermal decomposition baking, which followed by post-baking at a higher baking temperature.

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Номер записи: 4
10-05-2012 дата публикации

Method for producing carbon materials having nitrogen modification starting from carbon nanotubes

Номер: US20120111737A1
Автор: Benno Ulfik, Egbert Figgemeier, Elisabeth Zillner
Принадлежит: BAYER TECHNOLOGY SERVICES GMBH

The invention relates to a novel process for producing carbon materials which are modified at least on their surface with pyridinic, pyrrolic and/or quaternary nitrogen groups starting out from carbon nanotubes.

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Номер записи: 5
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Apparatus and method for manufacturing vitreous silica crucible

Номер: US20120131954A1
Автор: Eriko Suzuki, Hiroshi Kishi, Takeshi Fujita, Toshiaki Sudo
Принадлежит: Japan Super Quartz Corp

There are provided an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible which can prevent the deterioration of the inner surface property in the manufacturing process of a vitreous silica crucible. The apparatus includes a mold defining an outer shape of a vitreous silica crucible, and an arc discharge unit having electrodes and a power-supply unit, wherein each of the electrodes includes a tip end directed to the mold, the other end opposite to the tip end, and a bent portion provided between the tip end and the other end.

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Номер записи: 6
07-06-2012 дата публикации

Electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride

Номер: US20120138476A1
Автор: Hitoshi Takebayashi, Jiro Hiraiwa, Masashi Kodama, Tetsuro Tojo
Принадлежит: Individual

It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm 2 , the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

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Номер записи: 7
07-06-2012 дата публикации

Bipolar electrodes with high energy efficiency, and use thereof for synthesising sodium chlorate

Номер: US20120138477A1
Автор: Robert Schulz, Sylvio Savoie
Принадлежит: HYDRO QUEBEC, MEEIR TECHNOLOGIE Inc

The invention relates to novel bipolar electrodes with a cathodic coating on one portion of the electrode and an anodic coating on another portion of the same electrode. The anodic coating is preferably a DSA coating and the cathodic coating is an alloy such as Fe 3−x Al- 1+x M y T z . The invention also relates to the use of said novel electrodes for synthesising sodium chlorate.

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Номер записи: 8
07-06-2012 дата публикации

Electrolytic Cell for Ozone Production

Номер: US20120138478A1
Автор: Carl David Lutz, Donald J. Boudreau, Jeffrey D. Booth, Nicholas R. Lauder, William J. Yost, III
Принадлежит: Electrolytic Ozone Inc

An electrolytic cell includes at least one free-standing diamond electrode and a second electrode, which may also be a free-standing diamond, separated by a membrane. The electrolytic cell is capable of conducting sustained current flows at current densities of at least about 1 ampere per square centimeter. A method of operating an electrolytic cell having two diamond electrodes includes alternately reversing the polarity of the voltage across the electrodes.

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Номер записи: 9
16-08-2012 дата публикации

Process for the production of graphite electrodes for electrolytic processes

Номер: US20120205240A1
Автор: Frank Rauscher, Gerhard Moormann, Jürgen Kintrup, Matthias Weis, Odo Muddemann, Rainer Weber
Принадлежит: BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE AG

A process is described for the production of graphite electrodes coated predominantly with noble metal for electrolytic processes, especially for the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, wherein the surface of a graphite electrode is coated with an aqueous solution of a noble metal compound and then tempered at 150 to 650° C. in the presence of reducing and/or extensively oxygen-free gases.

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Номер записи: 10
06-09-2012 дата публикации

Composition for making wettable cathode in aluminum smelting

Номер: US20120222964A1
Автор: Brian J. Tielsch, Douglas A. Weirauch, Jr., Lance M. Sworts, Robert A. DiMilia
Принадлежит: Alcoa Inc

Compositions for making wettable cathodes to be used in aluminum electrolysis cells are disclosed. The compositions generally include titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) and metal additives. The amount of selected metal additives may result in production of electrodes having a tailored density and/or porosity. The electrodes may be durable and used in aluminum electrolysis cells.

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Номер записи: 11
13-09-2012 дата публикации

Electrochemical Generation of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Номер: US20120228149A1
Автор: Andrew K. BOAL, Justin Sanchez, Susan RIVERA
Принадлежит: Miox Corp

Method and apparatus for electrochemical generation of quaternary ammonium hypohalite salts, which may be combined with the capabilities of free chlorine to form a novel biocidal system. An aqueous solution preferably comprising dissolved quaternary ammonium halide salts is electrolyzed, which converts the halide component of the quaternary ammonium salt to the corresponding halogen. The halogen dissolves in the aqueous solution producing hypohalous acid and hypohalite anion. A combination of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds and a halide salt, surfactant, and/or germicide may be electrolyzed. The solution may be incorporated into a delivery system for example, a spray bottle or hand sanitizer, or as part of a dispensing system whereby quaternary ammonium halide salts absorbed onto wipes can be dispensed as quaternary ammonium hypohalite salts.

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Номер записи: 12
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Cathode, electrolytic cell for electrolysis of alkali metal chloride, and method for producing negative electrode

Номер: US20120279853A1
Автор: Akiyasu Funakawa, Toshinori Hachiya
Принадлежит: Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp

The present invention provides a cathode that has a conductive substrate and a catalyst layer formed on the conductive substrate. The catalyst layer comprises a first layer and a second layer. The first layer at least includes palladium element and platinum element. The second layer at least includes iridium element and platinum element. The first layer is located on the conductive substrate, and the second layer is located on the first layer. The cathode is useful because it has a low hydrogen overvoltage and degradation and peel-off of the catalysis layer is reduced against reverse current generated when electrolysis is stopped.

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Номер записи: 13
21-03-2013 дата публикации

AMORPHOUS TRANSITION METAL SULPHIDE FILMS OR SOLIDS AS EFFICIENT ELECTROCATALYSTS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER OR AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Номер: US20130068613A1
Автор: HU Xile, Merki Daniel, Vrubel Heron
Принадлежит: ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL)

The present invention relates to amorphous transition metal sulphides as electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water or aqueous solutions and use thereof in electrodes and electrolysers. 1. Use of amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids as electrocatalysts for the reduction of proton to form H.2. The use of amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal sulphide is of formula MS claim 1 , where M is the transition metal and x is in the range 1.5 to 3.5.3. The use of amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group comprising Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ni.4. The use of amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal sulphide is MoS claim 1 , MoS claim 1 , WSor WS.5. The use of amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids are further doped with at least one metal selected from the group comprising Ni claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Fe.6. The use of amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids of claim 5 , wherein the amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids are further doped with Ni.7. The use of amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids of claim 1 , wherein His originated from water or aqueous solutions.8. An electrode for use in the production of hydrogen gas from water or aqueous solutions comprising an electrode substrate claim 1 , wherein the amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids of are deposited on said electrode substrate.9. The electrode of claim 8 , wherein the amorphous transition metal sulphide films or solids are selected from the group comprising amorphous MoSfilm or solid claim 8 , amorphous MoSfilm or solid claim 8 , amorphous WSfilm or solid claim 8 , and amorphous WSfilm or solid.10. The ...

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Номер записи: 14
28-03-2013 дата публикации

Oxygen-consuming electrode and process for production thereof

Номер: US20130075249A1
Автор: Andreas Bulan, Jürgen Kintrup
Принадлежит: Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH

An oxygen-consuming electrode is described, more particularly for use in chloralkali electrolysis, comprising a novel catalyst coating, as is an electrolysis apparatus. Also described is a production process for the oxygen-consuming electrode and the use thereof in chloralkali electrolysis or fuel cell technology. The oxygen-consuming electrode comprises at least an electrically conductive support, an electrical contact site and a gas diffusion layer comprising a catalytically active component, characterized in that the coating at least one fluorinated polymer, silver in the form of silver particles and silver oxide in the form of silver oxide particles, which is produced in a selected precipitation step.

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Номер записи: 15
28-03-2013 дата публикации

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE

Номер: US20130075250A1
Автор: Hato Kazuhito, Nomura Takaiki, Suzuki Takahiro, Tamura Satoru, Taniguchi Noboru, Tokuhiro Kenichi
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

The hydrogen production device of the present invention includes: a first electrode () including a conductive substrate () and a photocatalytic semiconductor layer (); a second electrode () that is electrically connected to the first electrode () and disposed in a second region () opposite to a first region () relative to the first electrode (), when the first region () is defined as a region on a side of a surface of the first electrode () in which the photocatalytic semiconductor layer () is provided; a water-containing electrolyte solution (); and a housing () containing these. The first electrode () is provided with a through-hole () at a position and the second electrode () is provided with a through-hole () at a position corresponding to the position, and the through-holes form a communicating hole () for allowing the first region () and the second region () to communicate with each other. An ion exchange membrane () having substantially the same shape as the communicating hole () is disposed in the communicating hole () to close the communicating hole (). 1. A hydrogen production device comprising:a first electrode including a conductive substrate and a photocatalytic semiconductor supported on the conductive substrate;a second electrode that is electrically connected to the first electrode and disposed in a second region opposite to a first region relative to the first electrode, when the first region is defined as a region on a side of a surface of the first electrode in which the photocatalytic semiconductor is provided;a water-containing electrolyte solution in contact with the photocatalytic semiconductor and the second electrode; anda housing containing the first electrode, the second electrode, and the electrolyte solution, whereinthe first electrode is provided with a plurality of through-holes at positions and the second electrode is provided with a plurality of through-holes at positions corresponding to the positions, and the through-holes form a ...

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Номер записи: 16
04-04-2013 дата публикации

GAS DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT, AMMONIA DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT, POWER GENERATION APPARATUS, ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING GAS DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT

Номер: US20130084514A1
Автор: Awazu Tomoyuki, Hiraiwa Chihiro, KURAMOTO Toshiyuki, Kuwabara Tetsuya, Majima Masatoshi, UEDA Toshio
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

Provided are a gas decomposition component in which an electrochemical reaction is used to reduce the running cost and high treatment performance can be achieved; and a method for producing the gas decomposition component. The gas decomposition component includes a cylindrical MEA including an anode on an inner-surface side, a cathode on an outer-surface side, and a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the anode and the cathode; a porous metal body that is inserted on the inner-surface side of the cylindrical MEA and is in contact with the first electrode; and a central conductive rod inserted so as to serve as an electrically conductive shaft of the porous metal body 1. A gas decomposition component used for decomposing a gas , comprising:a cylindrical-body membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including a first electrode on an inner-surface side, a second electrode on an outer-surface side, and a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode;a porous metal body that is inserted on the inner-surface side of the cylindrical-body MEA and is electrically connected to the first electrode; anda central conductive rod inserted so as to serve as an electrically conductive shaft of the porous metal body.2. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the central conductive rod is a single-phase or composite-phase metal rod in which at least a surface layer does not contain Cr.3. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte extends beyond both ends of the cylindrical-body MEA claim 1 , a tubular joint is engaged with each of ends of the cylindrical solid electrolyte claim 1 , the tubular joint is connected to a transfer passage for a gaseous fluid containing the gas supplied to the first electrode claim 1 , and a conductive member is electrically connected to the central conductive rod and penetrates the tubular joint.4. The gas decomposition component according to claim 3 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 17
11-04-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHLORINATION

Номер: US20130087450A1
Автор: Antozzi Antonio Lorenzo, Benedetto Mariachiara, Calderara Alice, Pezzoni Chiara, Urgeghe Christian
Принадлежит: Industrie De Nora S.p.A.

The invention relates to an electrode for electrochemical generation of hypochlorite. The electrode comprises a valve metal substrate coated with a catalytic system consisting of two super-imposed layers of distinct composition and having a different activity towards hypochlorite anodic generation from chloride solutions. The electrode has a high duration in cathodic operation conditions, imparting self-cleaning characteristics thereto when used in combination with an equivalent one with periodic polarity reversal. Moreover, the deactivation of the electrode at the end of its life cycle occurs in two subsequent steps, allowing to schedule the substitution thereof with a significant notice period. 1. Electrode for electrolytic cell comprising a valve metal substrate , an internal catalytic coating and an external catalytic coating of different composition and higher activity overlaid thereto , the roughness profile of said substrate having an Rvalue of 4 to 8 μm and an Rvalue of 20 to 50 μm , said internal catalytic coating containing oxides of iridium , ruthenium and a valve metal selected between tantalum and niobium with an overall specific loading of iridium and ruthenium expressed as metals of 2 to 5 g/m , said external catalytic coating containing noble metal oxides with a specific loading not lower than 7 g/m.2. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein said external catalytic coating comprises a mixture of oxides of iridium claim 1 , ruthenium and titanium with a molar concentration of ruthenium of 12-18% claim 1 , a molar concentration of iridium of 6-10% and a molar concentration of titanium of 72-82%.3. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein said internal catalytic coating contains a mixture of oxides of iridium claim 1 , ruthenium and tantalum with a molar concentration of ruthenium of 42-52% claim 1 , a molar concentration of iridium of 22-28% and a molar concentration of tantalum of 20-36%.4. The electrode according to claim 1 , further ...

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Номер записи: 18
11-04-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS CELLS

Номер: US20130087465A1
Автор: DULLE Karl-Heinz, FUNCK Frank, HOFMANN Philipp, HOORMANN Dirk, OELMANN Stefan, Schmitt Carsten, Woltering Peter
Принадлежит: THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH

An electrode of an electrolysis cell for gas-producing electrochemical processes, which includes a plurality of horizontal lamella elements which in the manner of a flat C-profile consist of a flat central part and one or more flank parts, where one or more transition regions of any shape are arranged between the flat central part and the one or more flank parts, where the lamella elements have a plurality of through-openings, where the lamella elements have a flat surface without structural raised regions and depressions and the flat central part has a plurality of through-openings which are arranged in rows and arranged diagonally to one another. 111.-. (canceled)12. An electrode of an electrolysis cell for gas-producing electrochemical processes , comprising a plurality of horizontal lamellar elements , which , in the design of a flat C profile , form a flat belly section and one or more flank parts , and one or more transitional sections of random shape being arranged between the flat belly section and the one or more flank parts , the lamellar elements being provided with a plurality of through-going holes , whereinthe lamellar elements have a plane surface area without constructional elevations and depressions andthe flat belly section is provided with a plurality of through-going holes lined up in rows and arranged diagonally to one another.13. The electrode according to claim 12 , wherein the through-going holes are punched holes.14. The electrode according to claim 12 , wherein the sheet thickness of the lamellar elements in the case of round through-going holes is smaller than the hole diameter claim 12 , and/or the sheet thickness of the lamellar elements in the case of non-round through-going holes is smaller than the hydraulic cross-section.15. The electrode according to claim 12 , wherein the flank parts are provided with through-going holes.16. The electrode according to claim 12 , wherein the spacing between the single horizontally arranged lamellar ...

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Номер записи: 19
11-04-2013 дата публикации

GAS DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT, AMMONIA DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT, POWER GENERATION APPARATUS, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION APPARATUS

Номер: US20130089810A1
Автор: Awazu Tomoyuki, Hiraiwa Chihiro, KURAMOTO Toshiyuki, Kuwabara Tetsuya, Majima Masatoshi, UEDA Toshio
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

Provided is a gas decomposition component that employs an electrochemical reaction to reduce the running cost and can have high treatment performance. A gas decomposition component includes a cylindrical-body MEA including an anode on an inner-surface side, a cathode on an outer-surface side, and a solid electrolyte ; and a porous metal body that is inserted on the inner-surface side of the cylindrical-body MEA and is electrically connected to the anode , wherein a metal mesh sheet is disposed between the anode and the porous metal body . Another gas decomposition component includes the cylindrical MEA and silver-paste-coated wiring formed on the cathode , wherein the silver-paste-coated wiring is a porous body. 1. A gas decomposition component used for decomposing a gas , comprising:a cylindrical-body membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including a first electrode on an inner-surface side, a second electrode on an outer-surface side, and a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a porous metal body that is inserted on the inner-surface side of the cylindrical-body MEA and is electrically connected to the first electrode,wherein a metal mesh sheet or metal paste is disposed between the first electrode and the porous metal body.2. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the metal mesh sheet is formed by perforating a single-phase or composite-phase metal sheet or by knitting metal wires into a mesh sheet claim 1 , and at least a surface layer of the metal mesh sheet does not contain Cr.3. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the metal paste does not contain Cr.4. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the porous metal body is discontinuously disposed in a direction of an axial center of the cylindrical-body MEA.5. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the metal mesh sheet or metal paste is a Ni-containing alloy mesh sheet or ...

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Номер записи: 20
02-05-2013 дата публикации

System and High Surface Area Electrodes for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20130105304A1
Автор: Kaczur Jerry J., Keyshar Kunttal, Kramer Theodore J., Masztrik Paul, Twardowski Zbigniew
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to organic products including formate and formic acid are provided. A system may include an electrochemical cell including a cathode compartment containing a high surface area cathode and a bicarbonate-based catholyte saturated with carbon dioxide. The high surface area cathode may include an indium coating and having a void volume of between about 30% to 98. The system may also include an anode compartment containing an anode and an acidic anolyte. The electrochemical cell may be configured to produce a product stream upon application of an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode. 1. A system for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into products , comprising: a cathode compartment containing a high surface area cathode and a bicarbonate-based catholyte saturated with carbon dioxide, the high surface area cathode including an indium coating and having a void volume of between about 30% to 98%; and', 'an anode compartment containing an anode and an acidic anolyte,', 'wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to produce a product upon application of an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode., 'a first electrochemical cell including2. The system of further comprising:a cation ion exchange membrane positioned between the cathode compartment and the anode compartment.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the high surface area cathode includes indium deposited on tin.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the high surface area cathode further includes at least one of a copper substrate or a conductive substrate claim 3 , the tin layered on the at least one of the copper substrate or the conductive substrate.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises an electrocatalytic coating including at least one of ruthenium oxide claim 1 , iridium oxide claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , a platinum oxide claim 1 , gold claim 1 , or a gold oxide.6. The system of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 21
02-05-2013 дата публикации

Nanowire Mesh Solar Fuels Generator

Номер: US20130105305A1
Автор: Chan Candace, LIU BIN, Sun Jianwei, Yang Peidong
Принадлежит: The Regents of the University of California

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to a nanowire mesh solar fuels generator. In one aspect, a nanowire mesh solar fuels generator includes (1) a photoanode configured to perform water oxidation and (2) a photocathode configured to perform water reduction. The photocathode is in electrical contact with the photoanode. The photoanode may include a high surface area network of photoanode nanowires. The photocathode may include a high surface area network of photocathode nanowires. In some embodiments, the nanowire mesh solar fuels generator may include an ion conductive polymer infiltrating the photoanode and the photocathode in the region where the photocathode is in electrical contact with the photoanode. 1. An apparatus comprising:a photoanode configured to perform water oxidation, the photoanode including a high surface area network of photoanode nanowires; anda photocathode configured to perform water reduction or carbon dioxide reduction, the photocathode being disposed on a surface of and being in electrical contact with the photoanode, the photocathode including a high surface area network of photocathode nanowires.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an ion conductive polymer infiltrating the photoanode and the photocathode proximate a region where the photocathode is disposed on the surface of the photoanode.3. The apparatus of claim it wherein the photoanode nanowires include a photoanode material selected from the group consisting of WO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , SrTiO claim 1 , NaTaO claim 1 , oxynitrides claim 1 , TaON claim 1 , GaZnON claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , and BiVO.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of each of the photoanode nanowires is about 10 nm to 500 nm.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein an aspect ratio of each of the photoanode nanowires is about 10 to 1000.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an orientation of the photoanode nanowires is selected from the group consisting of the ...

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Номер записи: 22
02-05-2013 дата публикации

PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL AND PHOTOCATALYST DEVICE

Номер: US20130105306A1
Автор: Kato Junichi, Kawasaki Osamu, SONODA Saki, Takenaga Mutsuo
Принадлежит: National University Corporation Kyoto Institute of Technology

A photocatalyst material and a photocatalyst device capable of generating hydrogen from water by radiation of sunlight at high efficiency. The photocatalyst material according to the present invention includes a nitride-based compound semiconductor obtained by replacement of part of Ga and/or Al by a 3d-transition metal. The nitride-based compound semiconductor has one or more impurity bands. A light absorption coefficient of the nitride-based compound semiconductor is 1,000 cmor more in an entire wavelength region of 1,500 nm or less and 300 nm or more. Further, the photocatalyst material satisfies the following conditions: the energy level of the bottom of the conduction band is more negative than the redox potential of H/H; the energy level of the top of the valence band is more positive than the redox potential of O/HO; and there is no or little degradation of a material even when the material is irradiated with light underwater. 1. A photocatalyst material , comprising a nitride-based compound semiconductor including a compound represented by a general formula AlGaN (0≦y≦1) , part of Al and/or Ga in the compound being replaced by at least one kind of 3d-transition metals , wherein:the nitride-based compound semiconductor has one or more impurity bands between a valence band and a conduction band; and{'sup': '−1', 'a light absorption coefficient of the nitride-based compound semiconductor has a value of 1,000 cmor more in an entire wavelength region of 1,500 nm or less and 300 nm or more.'}2. The photocatalyst material according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one kind of 3d-transition metals is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of Sc claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , and Cu.3. The photocatalyst material according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when a replacement amount of Ga with respect to Al is y and a replacement amount of a 3d-transition metal T is x claim 1 , the nitride ...

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Номер записи: 23
16-05-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ENHANCING CATALYTIC AND PHOTOCATALYTIC PROCESSES

Номер: US20130118906A1
Автор: Cronin Stephen, Hou Wenbo, Liu Zuwei, Pavaskar Prathamesh
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

A system for solar energy conversion includes a photoelectric cell. The photoelectric cell includes a cathode and an anode comprising a nanostructure array. The nanostructure array includes a semiconductor photocatalyst; and a plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film arranged on the semiconductor photocatalyst. The system is used in a method to produce methane by placing a photocatalytic cell in an environment containing CO; and exposing the photocatalytic cell to visible light thereby allowing the COto be converted to methane. 1. A system for solar energy conversion comprising:a photoelectric cell comprising:a cathode; andan anode comprising a nanostructure array,wherein the nanostructure array comprises:a semiconductor photocatalyst; anda plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film arranged on the semiconductor photocatalyst.2. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor photocatalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of TiO claim 1 , YbO claim 1 , PbO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , CdS claim 1 , SiC claim 1 , WO claim 1 , and GaP claim 1 , and any combination thereof.3. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film has a thickness of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.4. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film is not continuous and has island-shaped areas having a size of about 10 nm to about 30 nm in diameter.5. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 4 , wherein the island-shaped areas are separated from each other by a distance of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.6. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film is comprised of at least one selected from the group consisting of Au claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Cu and Pt claim 1 , and any combination thereof.7. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 24
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Anode structure for copper electrowinning

Номер: US20130126341A1
Автор: Casey J. Clayton, Christopher John Zanotti, Martin Kim Zanotti, Scot P. Sandoval, Timothy G. Robinson
Принадлежит: Freeport Mcmoran Corp

An electrode for use in producing copper in either a conventional electrowinning cell or the direct electrowinning cell is provided. The electrode includes a hanger bar and an electrode body coupled with the hanger bar. The electrode body includes at least one conductor rod having a core and an outer layer surrounding the core and a substrate coupled with the conductor rod.

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Номер записи: 25
20-06-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE BASE, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR AQUEOUS SOLUTION ELECTROLYSIS USING SAME, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTRODE BASE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR AQUEOUS SOLUTION ELECTROLYSIS

Номер: US20130153411A1
Автор: Ishimaru Sanae
Принадлежит: CHLORINE ENGJNEERS CORP., LTD.

The negative electrode for aqueous solution electrolysis of the present invention includes a conductive substrate having a nickel surface, a mixture layer including metal nickel, a nickel oxide and carbon atoms, formed on the conductive substrate surface, and an electrode catalyst layer formed on the mixture layer surface, wherein the electrode catalyst layer is formed by a layer including a platinum group metal or a platinum group metal compound. The negative electrode for aqueous solution electrolysis of the present invention is preferably used in electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal halide, and the like. 1. An electrode base for forming an electrode catalyst layer comprising a mixture layer including metal nickel , a nickel oxide and carbon atoms formed on a surface of a conductive substrate having a nickel surface.2. The electrode base according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture layer is formed by applying a nickel compound including a nickel atom claim 1 , a carbon atom claim 1 , an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom to the surface of the conductive substrate claim 1 , and performing a thermal decomposition.3. The electrode base according to claim 2 , wherein the nickel compound is either of a nickel formate and a nickel acetate.4. A negative electrode for aqueous solution electrolysis comprising:a conductive substrate having a nickel surface;a mixture layer including metal nickel, a nickel oxide and carbon atoms, formed on the surface of the conductive substrate; andan electrode catalyst layer including a platinum group metal or a platinum group metal compound, formed on a surface of the mixture layer.5. The negative electrode for aqueous solution electrolysis according to claim 4 , wherein the electrode catalyst layer further includes a lanthanoid compound.6. The negative electrode for aqueous solution electrolysis according to claim 5 , wherein the electrode catalyst layer is formed by thermally decomposing an electrode catalyst layer-forming ...

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Номер записи: 26
04-07-2013 дата публикации

High-temperature electrolyser (hte) with improved operating safety

Номер: US20130168238A1
Автор: Patrick Le Gallo
Принадлежит: Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA

A high-temperature electrolyser including a stack of electrolysis cells in which steam is made to flow both at a cathode and at an anode. The architecture of the electrolyser is configured to have each cathode inlet end and anode inlet end close to an oxygen, or respectably hydrogen, collection duct portion. With the structure, a buffer volume of steam is created around the oxygen and hydrogen collectors, which therefore constitutes a simple and effective sealing mechanism within the electrolyser.

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Номер записи: 27
11-07-2013 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTIC ELECTRODE, ANODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF OZONE, ANODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF PERSULFURIC ACID AND ANODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION OF CHROMIUM

Номер: US20130175165A1
Автор: Ezawa Nobuyasu, Okazaki Tsuyoshi
Принадлежит: TANAKA KIKINZOKU KOGYO K.K.

An electrolytic electrode includes an electrode surface layer formed by a high-temperature heat treatment under a low oxygen partial pressure of 100 Pa or less and includes a valve metal oxide film, the electrode surface layer having, just beneath, a layer which includes a valve metal and a noble metal excluding silver and the noble metal is precipitated and dispersed in a crystal grain boundary of the valve metal, wherein a crystal of the valve metal in a range of down to 30 μm in a vertical depth direction from the electrode surface is a crystal grain being elongated in a vertical cross-section from the electrode surface and a content of the noble metal in a range of down to 10 μm in the vertical depth direction from the electrode surface is 5 at % or less. 1. An electrolytic electrode , comprising:an electrode surface layer formed by a high-temperature heat treatment under a low oxygen partial pressure of 100 Pa or less, wherein the electrode surface layer includes a valve metal oxide film, the electrode surface layer having, just beneath, a layer which includes a valve metal and a noble metal excluding silver (Ag), wherein the noble metal is precipitated and dispersed in a crystal grain boundary of the valve metal, whereina crystal of the valve metal in a range of down to 30 μM in a vertical depth direction from the electrode surface is a crystal grain being elongated in a vertical cross-section from the electrode surface, anda content of the noble metal in a range of down to 10 μm in the vertical depth direction from the electrode surface is 5 at % or less.2. The electrolytic electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is a platinum group metal.3. The electrolytic electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is platinum (Pt) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) or palladium (Pd).4. The electrolytic electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the noble metal in the range of down to 10 μm in the vertical depth ...

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Номер записи: 28
25-07-2013 дата публикации

ANODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC EVOLUTION OF CHLORINE

Номер: US20130186750A1
Автор: Antozzi Antonio Lorenzo, Pezzoni Chiara, Urgeghe Christian
Принадлежит: Industrie De Nora S.p.A.

An electrode suitable for chlorine evolution in electrolysis cells consists of a metal substrate coated with two distinct compositions applied in alternate layers, the former comprising oxides of iridium, ruthenium and valve metals, for instance tantalum, and the latter comprising oxides of iridium, ruthenium and tin. 1. Electrode for evolution of gaseous products in electrolytic cells consisting of a metal substrate coated with at least one first catalytic composition and at least a second catalytic composition , said first catalytic composition comprising a mixture of oxides of iridium , of ruthenium and of at least one valve metal and being free of tin , said second catalytic composition comprising a mixture of oxides of iridium , of ruthenium and of tin , said first and second catalytic composition applied in a plurality of alternating layers.2. The electrode according to wherein said valve metal of said first catalytic composition is titanium and said oxides of iridium claim 1 , ruthenium and titanium are present in said first catalytic composition in a Ru=10-40% claim 1 , Ir=5-25% claim 1 , Ti=35-80% atomic percentage referred to the metals.3. The electrode according to wherein said oxides of iridium claim 1 , of ruthenium and of tin are present in said second catalytic composition in a Ru=20-60% claim 1 , Ir=1-20% claim 1 , Sn=35-65% atomic percentage referred to the metals.4. The electrode according to wherein said first catalytic composition additionally comprises an amount of platinum in a 0.1-5% atomic percentage referred to the metals.5. The electrode according to wherein said second catalytic composition additionally comprises an amount of platinum and/or palladium in an overall 0.1-10% atomic percentage referred to the metals.6. The electrode according to wherein said second catalytic composition additionally comprises an amount of niobium or tantalum in a 0.1-3% atomic percentage referred to the metals.7. Method for manufacturing the electrode of ...

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Номер записи: 29
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20130186771A1
Автор: Agarwal Arun S., Guan Shan, Sridhar Narasi, Zhai Yumei
Принадлежит: DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

A method and apparatus is provided for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and formic acid. One embodiment features a three-compartment reactor which houses: a gas compartment; a catholyte compartment, which contains a porous cathode having a tin-based catalyst; and an anolyte compartment, which contains an anode having a mixed metal oxide catalyst. Further embodiments include a method for depositing tin onto a porous cathode, tin zinc cathodes, a reaction method using an acidic anolyte, and pulsed polarization to extend reactor runtimes. 1138-. (canceled)139. A process , comprising:(a) introducing an anolyte into an anolyte compartment of an electrochemical reactor, the anolyte compartment at least partially containing an anode;(b) introducing a catholyte into a catholyte compartment of the electrochemical reactor, the catholyte compartment separated from the anolyte compartment by a membrane, the catholyte compartment further separated from a gas compartment by a porous, catalytically coated cathode, the cathode and the membrane at least partially defining the cathode compartment;(c) introducing carbon dioxide gas into the gas compartment;(d) introducing carbon dioxide gas from the gas compartment into the cathode;(e) introducing the carbon dioxide gas from the cathode into the catholyte; and(f) impressing a DC voltage across the anode and the cathode.140. The process of claim 139 , the cathode comprising:(i) tin; a substrate, wherein the substrate is porous and electrically conductive; and', 'a tin catalyst, the tin catalyst deposited onto the substrate, the tin catalyst comprising tin deposits having a grain size of between 0.5 microns and 5 microns, the tin deposits substantially covering the catholyte compartment side surface of the substrate; or, '(ii) a manufacture, the manufacture comprising [ a tin salt;', 'at least one complexing agent; and', 'a non-ionic surfactant;, '(A) immersing a porous and electrically conductive substrate ...

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Номер записи: 30
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Electrolytic Generation of Manganese (III) Ions in Strong Sulfuric Acid Using an Improved Anode

Номер: US20130186861A1
Автор: Roshan V. Chapaneri, Terence Clarke, Trevor Pearson
Принадлежит: MacDermid Acumen Inc

An electrolytic cell and a method of electrochemical oxidation of manganese (II) ions to manganese(III) ions in the electrolytic cell are described. The electrolytic cell comprises (1) an electrolyte solution of manganese(II) ions in a solution of 9 to 15 molar sulfuric acid; (2) a cathode immersed in the electrolyte solution; and (3) an anode immersed in the electrolyte solution and spaced apart from the cathode. Various anode materials are described including vitreous carbon, reticulated vitreous carbon, and woven carbon fibers.

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Номер записи: 31
01-08-2013 дата публикации

NbON FILM, METHOD FOR PRODUCING NbON FILM, HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE, AND ENERGY SYSTEM PROVIDED WITH SAME

Номер: US20130192984A1
Автор: Hato Kazuhito, Miyata Nobuhiro, Nomura Takaiki, Suzuki Takahiro
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

The NbON film of the present invention is a NbON film in which a photocurrent is generated by light irradiation. The NbON film of the present invention is desirably a single-phase film. The hydrogen generation device () of the present invention includes: an optical semiconductor electrode () including a conductor () and the NbON film () of the present invention disposed on the conductor (); a counter electrode () connected electrically to the conductor (); a water-containing electrolyte () disposed in contact with a surface of the NbON film () and a surface of the counter electrode (); and a container () containing the optical semiconductor electrode (), the counter electrode (), and the electrolyte (). In this device, hydrogen is generated by irradiating the NbON film () with light. 1. A NbON film in which a photocurrent is generated by light irradiation , the NbON film being a single-phase film.2. (canceled)3. The NbON film according to claim 1 , wherein the NbON film is formed by bringing claim 1 , into contact with a heated substrate claim 1 , vaporized RN═Nb(NRR)(where R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare each independently a hydrocarbon group) and at least either one selected from oxygen and water vapor.4. The NbON film according to claim 3 , wherein Ris a tertiary butyl group (—C(CH)) claim 3 , and Rand Rare each independently a straight-chain alkyl group (n-CH claim 3 , where n is an integer of 1 or more).5. A method for producing a NbON film claim 3 , the method comprising the steps of:{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3, 'sub': '3', '(I) vaporizing RN═Nb(NRR)(where R, R, and Rare each independently a hydrocarbon group); and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': '3', '(II) bringing, into contact with a heated substrate, the vaporized RN═Nb(NRR)and at least either one selected from oxygen and water vapor,'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3, 'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein in the step (II), the substrate is heated to a temperature that is equal to or higher than a boiling point ...

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Номер записи: 32
01-08-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE CATALYST

Номер: US20130192985A1
Автор: HATTORI Takeshi, Imai Hideto, Ito Yutaka, Maki Hajime, Ota Kenichiro
Принадлежит:

An electrode catalyst, including: a metal compound which contains an oxygen atom and at least one metal element selected from a group consisting of Group 4 elements and Group 5 elements in the long-form periodic table, and a carbonaceous material which covers at least part of the metal compound; wherein an oxygen deficiency index, which is represented as an inverse number of a peak value of a first nearest neighbor element in a radial distribution function obtained by Fourier-transforming an EXAFS oscillation in EXAFS measurement of the metal element, is 0.125 to 0.170; and a crystallinity index, which is represented as a peak value of a second nearest neighbor element in the radial distribution function, is 4.5 to 8.0. 1. An electrode catalyst comprising: a metal compound which contains an oxygen atom and at least one metal element selected from a group consisting of Group 4 elements and Group 5 elements in the long-form periodic table , and a carbonaceous material which covers at least part of the metal compound ,wherein an oxygen deficiency index, which is represented as an inverse number of a peak value of a first nearest neighbor element in a radial distribution function obtained by Fourier-transforming an EXAFS oscillation in EXAFS measurement of said metal element, is 0.125 to 0.170,and a crystallinity index, which is represented as a peak value of a second nearest neighbor element in said radial distribution function, is 4.5 to 8.0.2. The electrode catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a BET specific surface area is 15 m/g to 500 m/g claim 1 , and a carbon coverage obtained by the following formula (1) is 0.05 g/mto 0.5 g/m claim 1 , wherein Formula (1) is as follows:{'br': None, 'sup': 2', '2, 'Carbon coverage (g/m)=carbon content (mass %)/BET specific surface area (m/g).'}3. The electrode catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said metal element is at least one metal element selected from a group consisting of zirconium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 33
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Catalysts Having Mixed Metal Oxides

Номер: US20130206608A1
Автор: Chen Jamie Y., Gerken James B., Massé Robert C., Porubsky Nicholas J., Shaner Sarah E., Stahl Shannon S.
Принадлежит: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Disclosed are methods for generating oxygen via an electrolysis reaction. One places an anode and a cathode in aqueous solution, and uses an external source of electricity to drive the electrolysis reaction from the anode and cathode. The anode has at least three metal oxides, preferably with nickel oxide or cobalt oxide as at least one of the oxides. Also disclosed are electrodes designed for catalyzing oxygen consumption or formation reactions, where the electrodes have a mix of such three metal oxides. 1. A method for generating oxygen via an electrolysis reaction , comprising:placing an anode and a cathode in aqueous solution; andusing an external source of electricity to drive the electrolysis reaction from the anode and cathode;wherein the anode comprises at least three metal oxides selected from the group consisting of:(a) nickel oxide or cobalt oxide as a first oxide, aluminum oxide or gallium oxide as a second oxide, and iron oxide or chromium oxide as a third oxide;(b) nickel oxide, iron oxide, and a third oxide selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, cerium oxide, calcium oxide, gallium oxide, magnesium oxide and strontium oxide;(c) nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and a third oxide selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, calcium oxide, chromium oxide, strontium oxide and zinc oxide;(d) nickel oxide, chromium oxide, and a third oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and zinc oxide;(e) nickel oxide, calcium oxide, and a third oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide; and(f) cobalt oxide, aluminum oxide, and a third oxide selected from the group consisting of barium oxide and bismuth oxide;whereby oxygen is generated.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises aluminum oxide and iron oxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a metal oxide portion of the anode comprises at least 5% by weight of aluminum oxide and/or gallium oxide claim 1 , at ...

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Номер записи: 34
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Bifunctional (rechargeable) air electrodes

Номер: US20130209919A1
Автор: Lois Johnson, Michael Binder, Michael Kunz, Michael Oster, Phillip J. Black, Regan Johnson, Stefanie Sharp-Goldman, Steven Amendola, Tesia Chciuk
Принадлежит: EOS Energy Storage LLC

Performance, properties and stability of bifunctional air electrodes may be improved by using modified current collectors, and improving water wettability of air electrode structures. This invention provides information on creating non-corroding, electrically rechargeable, bifunctional air electrodes. In some embodiments, this bifunctional air electrode includes a corrosion-resistant outer layer and an electrically conductive inner layer. In some embodiments, this bifunctional air electrode includes titanium suboxides formed by reducing titanium dioxide. Titanium suboxides may be corrosion-resistant and electrically conductive.

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Номер записи: 35
22-08-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE AND ELECTRODE COATING

Номер: US20130213799A1
Автор: Bulan Andreas, Schmitz Norbert
Принадлежит: BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE AG

The invention describes an electrode and an electrode coating which are based on a catalyst containing finely divided carbon modifications and noble metal (oxide)s. 1. A catalyst for preparing chlorine by means of electrolysis of electrolytes comprising chlorine ions , wherein said catalyst comprises at least one noble metal of transition group VIIIa (Fe , Ru , Rh , Pd , Os , Ir , Pt) of the Periodic Table of the Elements and/or an oxide of these noble metals , wherein said catalyst additionally comprises at least one finely divided carbon modification selected from the group consisting of diamond , doped diamond , fullerene , carbon nanotubes , and vitreous carbon , and wherein said catalyst optionally comprises at least one valve metal and/or valve metal oxide.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises from 10 to 90 mol % of said at least one finely divided carbon modification and from 0.05 to 40 mol % of said at least one noble metal and/or noble metal oxide.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said catalyst comprises from 20 to 80 mol % of said at least one finely divided carbon modification and from 1 to 20 mol % of said at least one noble metal and/or noble metal oxide.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises from 0.05 to 40 mol % of said at least one noble metal and/or noble metal oxide claim 1 , from 9.95 to 60 mol % of said at least one valve metal and/or valve metal oxide claim 1 , and from 20 to 90 mol % of said at least one finely divided carbon modification.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said at least one finely divided carbon modification is diamond and/or boron-doped diamond.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said at least one noble metal and/or noble metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of iridium claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , and oxides thereof.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said at least one valve metal and/or valve metal oxide ...

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Номер записи: 36
29-08-2013 дата публикации

Oxygen-Rich Plasma Generators for Boosting Internal Combustion Engines

Номер: US20130220240A1
Автор: Fred Hess, Hugh Jonson, Jay Morrow, Peter Riesselman, Robb Robel, Ron Bingel
Принадлежит: Deec Inc

Systems and methods for improving the efficiency and/or reducing emissions of an internal combustion engine are disclosed. The system may comprise a tank configured to store an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water and a predetermined quantity of electrolyte. The system may further comprise a cell configured for aiding in the electrolysis of the aqueous solution, the cell may comprise a plurality of plates arranged substantially parallel to one another and the plurality of plates may be spaced substantially equidistant from an adjacent one of the plurality of plates. In exemplary embodiments, at least one seal may be located between the plurality of plates to create a substantially air tight and substantially water tight seal between adjacent ones of the plurality of plates to aid in preventing the aqueous solution located between adjacent ones of the plurality of plates from leaking out of the cell. The systems and methods may provide an improved oxygen-hydrogen gas mixture for use with an internal combustion engine.

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Номер записи: 37
29-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CATALYSIS

Номер: US20130220822A1
Автор: MacFarlane Douglas, Winther-Jensen Bjorn, Winther-Jensen Orawan
Принадлежит:

A catalyst comprising a first conjugated polymer material that forms an interface with a second material, wherein charge is separated from photo excited species generated in one or both of the first and second materials and subsequently participates in a reaction, electro-catalytic reactions or redox reactions. 1. A catalyst comprising a first conjugated polymer material that forms an interface with a second material , wherein charge is separated from photo excited species generated in one or both of the first and second materials and subsequently participates in a reaction.2. A catalyst according to wherein the reaction is chosen from electro-catalytic reactions or redox reactions.3. A catalyst according to wherein the first material is chosen from the group of conjugated polymers comprising poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) claim 1 , polyterthiophene claim 1 , polybithiophene and combinations thereof.4. A catalyst according to wherein the second material is chosen from the group comprising polymers including conjugated polymers claim 1 , dyes containing a conjugated pi-system claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , organic semiconductors claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. A catalyst according to wherein the second material is chosen from inorganic species exhibiting d-d orbital transitions.6. A catalyst according to wherein the first material and the second material are both conjugated polymers.7. A catalyst according to which is combined with a support.8. A catalyst according to which further comprises a third material that performs a function chosen from charge mediation claim 1 , light harvesting or species transport enhancement.9. An electrode comprising a catalyst according to .10. A method of catalysis claim 1 , the steps comprising;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(i) forming a catalyst according to ,'}(ii) allowing light to impinge on the catalyst to generate photo excited species in either or both of the first and second materials,(iii) ...

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Номер записи: 38
29-08-2013 дата публикации

METAL COMPLEX AND USE AS MULTI-ELECTRON CATALYST

Номер: US20130220825A1
Автор: De Groot Hubertus Johannes Maria, JOYA Khurram Saleem
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN

The invention is directed to a composition according to the following general formula: [(BL)-(M)-(Ar)-(X)] (A)-5 wherein M is a metal ion, BL is a bidentate ligand having two nitrogen atoms coordinating with a metal ion M, Ar is an, optionally substituted, conjugated cyclic hydrocarbon compound, X is H2O and A is an anion and n in n+ and n− are individually chosen from 1,2,3,4 or 5. The invention is also directed to its precursors and its use as multi-electron catalyst in a water splitting process. 2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein metal ion M is Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Re claim 1 , Rh and/or Ru.3. The composition according to claims 2 , wherein M is Ru claims 2 , Ir claims 2 , Mn claims 2 , Co claims 2 , Ni or Os.4. The composition according to claims 2 , wherein M is Ru or Ir.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted conjugated cyclic hydrocarbon compound having 5 claim 1 , 6 or 8 carbons in the ring.6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein Ar is cyclopentadiene claim 5 , pentamethylcyclopentadiene claim 5 , benzene claim 5 , mesitylene claim 5 , p-cymene claim 5 , durene claim 5 , hexamethyl benzene claim 5 , cyclooctadiene and/or cyclooctatetradiene.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein anion A is Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , ClO claim 1 , CHCOO claim 1 , NOPF claim 1 , BF claim 1 , CO and/or SO.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the direct bridge connecting the two nitrogen atoms of the bidentate ligand BL contains two carbon atoms.9. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein BL is an optionally substituted 2 claim 8 ,2′-bipyridine.11. The composition according to claim 10 , wherein [(BL)-(M)-(Ar)—(X)] is [(cy)Ru(Hdcabpy)-OH] claim 10 , wherein cy is p-cymene and Hdcabpy is of 4 claim 10 ,4′-dicarboxylic acid-2 claim 10 ,2′-bipyridine.1222. -. ( ...

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Номер записи: 39
29-08-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE HAVING ENZYME CRYSTALS IMMOBILIZED THEREON, METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRODE HAVING ENZYME CRYSTALS IMMOBILIZED THEREON, AND BIOLOGICAL FUEL CELL AND BIOSENSOR PROVIDED WITH ELECTRODE HAVING ENZYME CRYSTALS IMMOBILIZED THEREON

Номер: US20130224824A1
Автор: Mikawa Tsutomu, Nakaoki Yuichiro, Shigemori Yasushi
Принадлежит:

An objective of the present invention is to establish a technique for making it possible to immobilize an enzyme on an electrically conductive base material in a uniformly, high density, and constantly aligned orientation, for the purpose of constructing an enzyme electrode having improved electrode performance. An electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon, the electrode being provided with an electrically conductive base material that can be connected to an external circuit and enzyme crystals that serve as an electrode catalyst, wherein the enzyme crystals are immobilized on the electrically conducive base material; a method for producing an electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon; and a biological fuel cell and a biosensor which are provided with an electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon. 1. An electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon , provided with an electroconductive base material that can be connected to an external circuit and enzyme crystals serving as an electrode catalyst , the enzyme crystals being immobilized on the electroconductive base material.2. The electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon as set forth in claim 1 , configured to be a microelectrode in which the enzyme crystals have been immobilized on a microfabricated electroconductive base material.3. The electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the enzyme crystals are crystals of an enzyme for catalyzing an oxidation reaction.4Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.. The electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon as set forth in claim 3 , wherein the enzyme crystals are crystals of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from5Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon as set forth in claim 4 , wherein the pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from has the amino acid sequence of any of (A) to (C) below.(A) The ...

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Номер записи: 40
05-09-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC CELL

Номер: US20130228450A1
Автор: Antozzi Antonio Lorenzo, Urgeghe Christian
Принадлежит: Industrie De Nora S.p.A.

The invention relates to an electrode for evolution of gaseous products in electrolysis cells comprising e metal substrate coated with at least two catalytic compositions, the outermost catalytic composition being deposited by means of chemical or physical phase vapour deposition technique and having a composition comprising noble metals selected from the group of platinum group metals or oxides thereof. 19-. (canceled)10. Electrode for evolution of gaseous products in electrochemical cells consisting of a valve metal substrate coated with at least one first catalytic composition and an outer catalytic composition , said at least one first catalytic composition comprising a mixture of a valve metal or tin or an oxide thereof and noble metals chosen in the platinum group metals or oxides thereof taken alone or in admixture , said at least one first catalytic composition obtained by thermal decomposition of precursors , said outer catalytic composition deposited by a chemical or physical vapor deposition technique , the amount of noble metal in said at least one first catalytic composition being above 5 g/mand the amount of noble metal in said outer catalytic composition ranging between 0.1 and 3.0 g/m.111. The electrode according to claim , wherein said mixture of said at least one first catalytic composition comprises titanium , iridium and ruthenium.121. The electrode according to claim , wherein said outer catalytic composition comprises ruthenium and/or iridium.13. The electrode according to claim 10 , wherein the specific noble metal loading of said at least one first catalytic composition is 6 to 8 g/mand the specific noble metal loading of said outer catalytic composition is 1.5 to 2.5 g/m.14. Method for manufacturing an electrode according to comprising the deposition of said outer catalytic composition by a chemical or physical vapor deposition technique.15. Method for manufacturing an electrode according to comprising the deposition of said outer catalytic ...

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Номер записи: 41
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Corrosion resistant and electrically conductive surface of metal

Номер: US20130230793A1
Автор: Conghua Wang
Принадлежит: Treadstone Technologies Inc

Methods for coating a metal substrate or a metal alloy with electrically conductive titania-based material. The methods produce metal components for electrochemical devices that need high electrical conductance, corrosion resistance and electrode reaction activities for long term operation at a low cost.

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Номер записи: 42
12-09-2013 дата публикации

Oxygen-consuming electrode and method for producing same

Номер: US20130236797A1
Автор: Andreas Bulan, Gregor Polcyn, Lisa Rossrucker, Michael Marx, Norbert Wagner
Принадлежит: Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH

An oxygen-consuming electrode, in particular for use in chloralkali electrolysis, having a novel catalyst coating and also an electrolysis apparatus are described. Furthermore, its use in chloralkali electrolysis, fuel cell technology or metal/air batteries is described. The oxygen-consuming electrode comprises at least a support which in particular is electrically conductive, a layer containing a catalyst and a hydrophobic layer, characterized in that it contains gallium in addition to silver as catalytically active component.

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Номер записи: 43
19-09-2013 дата публикации

Photochemical Processes and Compositions for Methane Reforming Using Transition Metal Chalcogenide Photocatalysts

Номер: US20130239469A1
Автор: Chianelli Russell R., Torres Brenda
Принадлежит: BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM

The present invention provides a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, a reactor using the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, and methods of making and using a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst for reforming CHwith CO. 1. A photocatalyst for reforming methane with COcomprising:{'sub': 4', '2, 'a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst chemically stable in an environment comprising CHand CO, wherein the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst comprises Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pt, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt or combinations thereof.'}2. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst comprises TiS claim 1 , VS claim 1 , CrS claim 1 , MnS claim 1 , FeS claim 1 , CoS claim 1 , NiS claim 1 , ZrS claim 1 , NbS claim 1 , MoS claim 1 , TcS claim 1 , RuS claim 1 , RhS claim 1 , PtS claim 1 , HfS claim 1 , TaS claim 1 , WS claim 1 , ReS claim 1 , OsS claim 1 , IrS claim 1 , PtSor combinations thereof.3. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst comprises CoSand MoS; CoSand WS; NiSand MoS; or NiSand WS.4. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst is supported on a conductive inert support optionally consisting of carbon having a surface area exceeding about 120 g/m.5. A gas reforming electrode for reforming CHwith COcomprising:a conductive web; and{'sub': 4', '2, 'a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst applied on at least one face of the conductive web and is chemically stable in an environment comprising CHand CO.'}6. The gas reforming electrode of claim 5 , wherein said conductive web is a carbon cloth.7. The gas reforming electrode of claim 5 , wherein said catalyst is mixed with an optionally perfluorinated hydrophobic binder.8. The gas reforming electrode of claim 5 , wherein the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst comprises Ti claim 5 , V claim 5 , Cr claim 5 , Mn claim ...

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Номер записи: 44
19-09-2013 дата публикации

Process for electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides with oxygen-consuming electrodes having orifices

Номер: US20130240372A1
Автор: Andreas Bulan, Jürgen Kintrup
Принадлежит: Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH

An oxygen-consuming electrode for use in chloralkali electrolysis, having a novel coating, the production thereof, an electrolysis cell comprising the oxygen-consuming electrode and parameters for the startup and shutdown of the electrolysis apparatus, compliance with which prevents damage to the cell.

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Номер записи: 45
03-10-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE DIAMOND ELECTRODE, AND SULFURIC ACID ELECTROLYSIS METHOD AND SULFURIC ACID ELECTROLYSIS APPARATUS EACH UTILIZING SAME

Номер: US20130256150A1
Автор: Domon Hiroki, Kato Masaaki, Kosaka Junko
Принадлежит: CHLORINE ENGINEERS CORP., LTD.

The present invention provides an electrically conductive diamond electrode comprising an electrically conductive substrate and an electrically conductive diamond layer coated on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate, featuring that: 2. The electrically conductive diamond electrode as defined in claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive diamond layer contains boron in the range of 100˜6000 ppm.3. The electrically conductive diamond electrode as defined in claim 1 , characterized in that the electrically conductive substrate is silicon substrate.4. A sulfuric acid electrolysis method claim 1 , wherein an anode compartment is separated from a cathode compartment by a diaphragm claim 1 , an electrically conductive diamond anode is installed in the anode compartment claim 1 , a cathode is installed in the cathode compartment claim 1 , electrolyte containing sulfate ion is supplied to the anode compartment and the cathode compartment claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , from the outside claim 1 , oxidizing agent is formed in the anode electrolyte in the anode compartment by electrolysis claim 1 , characterized in that the electrically conductive diamond electrode as defined in is applied and the concentration of sulfate ion in the electrolyte is in the range of 2˜14 mol/l.5. The sulfuric acid electrolysis method as defined in claim 4 , characterized in that the acid concentration of the electrolyte containing sulfate ion is in the range of 4˜28 mol/l.6. A sulfuric acid electrolysis apparatus claim 1 , wherein an anode compartment is separated from a cathode compartment by a diaphragm claim 1 , an electrically conductive diamond anode is installed in the anode compartment claim 1 , a cathode is installed in the cathode compartment claim 1 , electrolyte containing sulfate ion is supplied to the anode compartment and the cathode compartment claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , from the outside claim 1 , oxidizing agent is formed in the anode electrolyte in the ...

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Номер записи: 46
24-10-2013 дата публикации

GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE

Номер: US20130280625A1
Автор: Kiros Yohannes, Shimamune Takayuki
Принадлежит: PERMASCAND AKTIEBOLAG

A method of preparing a gas diffusion electrode comprising a diffusion layer, and a reaction layer arranged to each other, wherein the diffusion layer is prepared by i) admixing a) sacrificial material, b) polymer and c) a metal-based material and d) optional further components, wherein the sacrificial material has a release temperature below about 275° C. and is added in an amount from about 1 to about 25 wt % based on the total weight of components a)-d) admixed; ii) forming a diffusion layer from the admixture of step i); iii) heating the forming diffusion layer to a temperature lower than about 275° C. so as to release at least a part of said sacrificial material from the diffusion layer. A gas diffusion electrode comprising a diffusion layer and a reaction layer arranged to one another, wherein the diffusion layer has a porosity ranging from about 60 to about 95%, and an electrolytic cell comprising the electrode. An electrolytic cell, a fuel cell comprising the gas diffusion electrode and a metal-air battery comprising the gas diffusion electrode. 1. A method of preparing a gas diffusion electrode comprising a porous diffusion layer and a porous reaction layer attached to each other , wherein the porous diffusion layer is prepared byi) admixing a) sacrificial material, b) fluoropolymer and c) a metal-based material, wherein the sacrificial material has a release temperature below 275° C. and is added in an amount from 1 to 25 wt % based on the total weight of a)-c) admixed;ii) forming a diffusion layer from the admixture of step i); andiii) heating the forming diffusion layer to a temperature lower than 275° C. so as to release at least a part of said sacrificial material from the diffusion layer, such that the diffusion layer after release of the sacrificial material has a porosity ranging from 60 to 95%.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the diffusion and reaction layers are co-pressed.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gas diffusion ...

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Номер записи: 47
21-11-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE FOR OXYGEN EVOLUTION IN INDUSTRIAL ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES

Номер: US20130306489A1
Автор: Calderara Alice, Sala Fabio, Timpano Fabio
Принадлежит: INDUSTRIE DENORA, S.P.A.

The invention relates to a coating for anodes suitable for oxygen evolution in electrochemical processes, comprising one or more catalytic layers and an external layer. Such external layer having a composition based on tantalum oxides or tin oxides or zirconium oxides in an amount of 2 to 7 g/m. 19-. (canceled)10. Electrode for oxygen evolution in electrochemical processes comprising a valve metal substrate , a catalytic coating comprising a first layer of oxides of iridium and tantalum having a molar composition Ir 60-70% , Ta 30-40% referred to the metals and an external coating consisting of 2 to 7 g/mof a single valve metal oxide.11. The electrode according to wherein said valve metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of tantalum oxide claim 10 , tin oxide and zirconium oxide.12. The electrode according to wherein said external coating consists of 2.9 to 3.5 g/mof a valve metal oxide selected between tantalum oxide claim 11 , tin oxide and zirconium oxide.13. The electrode according to wherein said catalytic coating further comprises a second layer of oxides of iridium claim 10 , tantalum and titanium having a molar composition Ir 76-84% claim 10 , Ta 15-23% claim 10 , Ti 0.2-1.3% referred to the metals interposed between said first catalytic layer and said external coating.14. The electrode according to wherein said catalytic coating has a specific loading of iridium of 5 to 50 g/m.15. The electrode according to comprising an intermediate protective layer based on oxides of titanium or tantalum interposed between said substrate and said catalytic coating.16. The electrode according to wherein said catalytic coating has a specific loading of iridium of 8 to 15 g/m.17. Method of manufacturing an electrode according to comprising the formation of said external coating by application and subsequent thermal decomposition of a solution containing a precursor of tantalum or tin or zirconium.18. Industrial electrochemical process comprising the anodic ...

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Номер записи: 48
28-11-2013 дата публикации

ELECTROLYSIS METHOD AND ELECTROLYTIC CELLS

Номер: US20130313126A1
Автор: Funke Helmut, JEHLE Walter, LUCAS Joachim, RAATSCHEN Willigert
Принадлежит: Astrium GmbH

An electrolysis method for electrolytic cells having an electrode-membrane-electrode assembly includes two porous electrode having a porous membrane located therebetween and filled with electrolyte or having an ion exchange membrane located therebetween, one or more liquids being led directly into the membrane of the electrode-membrane-electrode assembly. The one or more liquids are guided in a channel structure arranged in the membrane. An electrolytic cell includes porous electrode, between which a porous membrane is arranged. A liquid electrolyte is fixed in the pore of electrodes and membrane, a product gas chamber adjoining the cathode, a further product gas chamber adjoining the anode, and an arrangement for feeding a liquid to the electrode. A channel structure, in which distribution of the liquid is provided, is arranged in the membrane. 1. An electrolysis process for electrolytic cells with an electrode-membrane-electrode arrangement comprising two porous electrodes with a porous membrane filled with electrolyte lying in between or with an ion-exchange membrane lying in between , whereinone or several liquids is/are introduced directly into the membrane of the electrode-membrane-electrode arrangement, the one or several liquids being introduced into a structure of channels implemented in the membrane.3. The electrolytic cell according to claim 2 , wherein the liquid is water to be split or an electrolyte.4. The electrolytic cell according to claim 2 , whereinthe membrane is a proton-conducting membrane or an anion-exchange membrane.5. The electrolytic cell according to claim 4 , whereinthe membrane is implemented in one or several layers.6. The electrolytic cell according to claim 2 , whereinthe structure of channels is connected to a water reservoir by way of a first pump.7. The electrolytic cell according to claim 6 , whereinthe structure of channels is connected to an electrolyte reservoir by way of a second pump.8. The electrolytic cell according to ...

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Номер записи: 49
19-12-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS, ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS

Номер: US20130334037A1
Автор: Hachiya Toshinori, Haneda Tsuyoshi, Tsuchida Kazuyuki
Принадлежит: ASAHI KASEI CHEMICALS CORPORATION

An electrode for electrolysis includes a conductive substrate, a first layer formed on the conductive substrate, and a second layer formed on the first layer. The first layer contains at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, and titanium oxide. The second layer contains an alloy of platinum and palladium. The electrode for electrolysis shows low overvoltage and has excellent durability over a long period. 1. An electrode for electrolysis comprising:a conductive substrate;a first layer formed on the conductive substrate; anda second layer formed on the first layer,wherein the first layer contains at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, and titanium oxide, andthe second layer contains an alloy of platinum and palladium.2. The electrode for electrolysis according to claim 1 , wherein the second layer further contains palladium oxide.3. The electrode for electrolysis according to claim 1 , wherein a half width of a diffraction peak of the alloy of which a diffraction angle is 46.29° to 46.71° in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern is 1° or less.4. The electrode for electrolysis according to claim 1 , wherein a content of platinum element contained in the second layer is 1 to 20 mol with respect to 1 mol of palladium element contained in the second layer.5. The electrode for electrolysis according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer contains ruthenium oxide claim 1 , iridium oxide claim 1 , and titanium oxide.6. The electrode for electrolysis according to claim 5 , wherein the content of iridium oxide contained in the first layer is ⅕ to 3 mol with respect to 1 mol of ruthenium oxide contained in the first layer claim 5 , andthe content of titanium oxide contained in the first layer is ⅓ to 8 mol with respect to 1 mol of ruthenium oxide contained in the first layer.7. An electrolytic cell comprising the electrode for electrolysis according to .8. A production method for an ...

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Номер записи: 50
19-12-2013 дата публикации

Apparatus for electrolyzing sulfuric acid and method for electrolyzing sulfuric acid

Номер: US20130334059A1
Автор: Hiroki Domon, Junko Kosaka, Kouji Fujii, Masaaki Kato
Принадлежит: Chlorine Engineers Corp Ltd

The present invention relates to an apparatus to produce oxidizing agent-rich sulfuric acid by electrolysis of sulfuric acid. More specifically, it relates to the apparatus by which dilute sulfuric acid of the specified temperature and concentration is formed within the electrolysis system and then, by electrolysis of the formed dilute sulfuric acid, electrolytic sulfuric acid containing richly oxidizing agent is formed at a high efficiency and safely under the temperature control. The apparatus for electrolyzing sulfuric acid and the method for electrolyzing sulfuric acid by the present invention comprise the anode side dilute sulfuric acid generation loop A in which concentrated sulfuric acid, as feed material, is diluted and controlled to the specified temperature and concentration, and the anode side electrolytic sulfuric acid generation loop B in which electrolytic sulfuric acid is formed by electrolysis of dilute sulfuric acid with the temperature and concentration controlled to the specified range in the anode side dilute sulfuric acid generation loop A, in, at least, the anode side electrolysis part of the apparatus for electrolyzing sulfuric acid having the anode side electrolysis part and the cathode side electrolysis part.

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Номер записи: 51
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Method for Synthesizing Fluorine Compound by Electrolysis and Electrode Therefor

Номер: US20130341202A1
Автор: Horiuchi Hiroshi, KIKUCHI Akiou, Mori Isamu, Yao Akifumi, Yonekura Masaaki
Принадлежит: CENTRAL GLASS COMPANY, LIMITED

Disclosed is an electrode for electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine compound, including: an electrode substrate having at least a surface thereof formed of a conductive carbon material; a conducting diamond layer formed on a part of the surface of the electrode substrate; and a metal fluoride-containing coating layer formed on an exposed part of the electrode substrate that is uncovered by the conducting diamond layer. It is possible for the electrolytic synthesis electrode to limit the growth of a graphite fluoride layer on the electrode surface, prevent decrease in effective electrolysis area and allow stable electrolysis in an electrolytic bath of a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt. 1. An electrode for electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine compound by the use of an electrolytic bath of a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt , comprising:an electrode substrate having at least a surface thereof formed of a conductive carbon material;a conducting diamond layer formed on a part of the surface of the electrode substrate; anda metal fluoride-containing coating layer formed on an exposed part of the electrode substrate that is uncovered by the conducting diamond layer.2. The electrode for electrolytic synthesis according to claim 1 , wherein the metal fluoride-containing coating layer is predominantly formed of a potassium metal fluoride as represented by the general formula: KMF(where M is Ni claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Zn or Al; n is 1 to 3; and m is 1 to 7).3. A method for electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine compound by immersing an electrolytic electrode as an anode in an electrolytic bath of a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt claim 1 , the electrolytic electrode comprising an electrode substrate having at least a surface thereof formed of a conductive carbon material and a conducting diamond layer formed on a part of the surface of the electrode substrate claim 1 ,wherein the method is characterized by synthesizing the fluorine compound ...

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Номер записи: 52
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Carbon Electrode Devices for Use with Liquids and Associated Methods

Номер: US20130341204A1
Автор: Chien-Min Sung
Принадлежит: Ritedia Corp

Electrode devices and systems for use in liquid environments, including associated methods are provided. In one aspect, for example, an electrode device for use in a liquid environment can include a proton exchange membrane having a first side and a second side, a first electrode including a carbon material, where the first electrode is positioned at the first side of the proton exchange membrane, and a second electrode including a carbon material, where the second electrode positioned at the second side of the proton exchange membrane opposite the first electrode. The proton exchange membrane spaces the first electrode and the second electrode at a distance of less than or equal to about 100 microns apart.

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Номер записи: 53
02-01-2014 дата публикации

PHOTOCATALYST FOR WATER SPLITTING COMPRISING GALLIUM SELENIDE AND PHOTOELECTRODE FOR WATER SPLITTING COMPRISING THE SAME

Номер: US20140001036A1
Автор: Domen Kazunari, Kubota Jun, Minegishi Tsutomu, Miwada Chika, Nakanishi Haruyuki
Принадлежит:

Provided are a photocatalyst having higher activity for hydrogen production through water splitting and a photoelectrode comprising the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst for water splitting of the present invention comprises a Ga selenide, an Ag—Ga selenide, or both thereof. 1. A photocatalyst for water splitting , comprising a Ga selenide , an Ag—Ga selenide , or both thereof.2. The photocatalyst for water splitting as claimed in claim 1 , comprising both a Ga selenide and an Ag—Ga selenide.3. The photocatalyst for water splitting as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said Ga selenide is selected from the group consisting of GaSe claim 1 , GaSeand a combination thereof.4. The photocatalyst for water splitting as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said Ga selenide is GaSe.5. The photocatalyst for water splitting as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said Ag—Ga selenide is selected from the group consisting of AgGaSe claim 1 , AgGaSeand a combination thereof.6. The photocatalyst for water splitting as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said Ag—Ga selenide is AgGaSe.7. The photocatalyst for water splitting as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said photocatalyst further comprises at least one of Rh and Pt supported thereon.8. A photoelectrode for water splitting claim 1 , comprising a substrate claim 1 , an electrically conductive layer formed on said substrate claim 1 , and a photocatalyst layer formed on said electrically conductive layer and consisting of the photocatalyst for water splitting claimed . The present invention relates to a photocatalyst for water splitting, more specifically, a photocatalyst for water splitting using energy such as sunlight to produce hydrogen, and a photoelectrode for water splitting comprising the same.Hydrogen has been attracting attention as a clean fuel, because its combustion does not generate carbon dioxide. However, industrial production of hydrogen has depended on fossil fuels, and therefore carbon dioxide is emitted in the production process of hydrogen. ...

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Номер записи: 54
02-01-2014 дата публикации

PHOTOELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND ENERGY SYSTEM USING SAME, AND HYDROGEN GENERATION METHOD

Номер: US20140004435A1
Автор: Hato Kazuhito, Miyata Nobuhiro, Nomura Takaiki, Suzuki Takahiro, Tamura Satoru, Taniguchi Noboru, Tokuhiro Kenichi
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A photoelectrode () of the present invention includes a conductive layer () and a photocatalytic layer () provided on the conductive layer (). The conductive layer () is made of a metal nitride. The photocatalytic layer () is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a nitride semiconductor and an oxynitride semiconductor. When the photocatalytic layer () is made of a n-type semiconductor, the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the conductive layer () is smaller than the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer (). 1. A photoelectrode comprising a conductive layer and a photocatalytic layer provided on the conductive layer , whereinthe conductive layer is made of a metal nitride,the photocatalytic layer is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a nitride semiconductor and an oxynitride semiconductor,an energy difference between a vacuum level and a Fermi level of the conductive layer is smaller than an energy difference between the vacuum level and a Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer when the photocatalytic layer is made of a n-type semiconductor,an energy difference between the vacuum level and a Fermi level of the conductive layer is larger than an energy difference between the vacuum level and a Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer when the photocatalytic layer is made of a p-type semiconductor, andthe metal nitride is a nitride containing at least one element selected from transition metal elements.2. (canceled)3. The photoelectrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe nitride semiconductor is a nitride containing a tantalum element, andthe oxynitride semiconductor is at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxynitride containing a tantalum element, an oxynitride containing a niobium element, and an oxynitride containing a titanium element.4. A photoelectrochemical cell comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 55
09-01-2014 дата публикации

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF

Номер: US20140008215A1
Автор: Antozzi Antonio Lorenzo, Brichese Marianna, Calderara Alice
Принадлежит: Industrie De Nora S.p.A.

The invention relates to an electrode for electrolytic processes, particularly to a cathode suitable for hydrogen evolution in an industrial electrolysis process comprising a metal substrate coated with an external catalytic layer containing crystalline ruthenium oxide having a highly ordered rutile-type structure with Ru Ru and Ru O bond length characterised by a Debye-Waller factor lower than a critical value. The catalytic outer layer may contain rare earth oxides, such as praseodymium. The electrode may also comprise an internal catalytic thin layer platinum-based, which gives an enhanced protection against accidental current reversal events. 18-. (canceled)9. Electrode for cathodic evolution of hydrogen in electrolytic processes comprising a metal substrate coated with an external catalytic layer containing 4 to 40 g/mof crystalline ruthenium oxide having a rutile-type structure with Ru—Ru and Ru—O bond length characterised by a Debye-Waller factor lower than 2*10Å , said electrode further comprising an internal catalytic layer containing 0.5 to 2 g/mof platinum in form of oxide or metal , interposed between said metal substrate and said external catalytic layer.10. The electrode according to wherein said external catalytic layer further contains 1 to 10 g/mof rare earths in form of oxides.11. The electrode according to wherein said rare earths comprise praseodymium oxide.12. The electrode according to wherein said metal substrate is made of nickel or nickel alloy.13. Method for manufacturing an electrode according to claim 9 , comprising:preparing a ruthenium solution by dissolution of a ruthenium nitrate in glacial acetic acid under stirring, with optional addition of nitric acid, followed by a dilution with an aqueous solution of acetic acid at a concentration comprised between 5 and 20% by weight;applying said solution on a metal substrate in multiple coats, with thermal decomposition at 400-600° C. for a time not lower than 2 minutes after each coat, ...

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Номер записи: 56
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Dual Absorber Electrodes

Номер: US20140014501A1
Автор: Du Chun, Mayer Matthew T., Wang Dunwei
Принадлежит:

Dual absorber electrodes are disclosed. In some embodiments, a dual absorber electrode includes a first absorber material, such as silicon, having a first bandgap, and a second absorber material, such as hematite, deposited on a surface of the first absorber material, the second absorber material having a second bandgap larger than the first bandgap of the first absorber. In some embodiments, the dual absorber electrodes of the present embodiment may be utilized in an electrolytic cell for water splitting. 1. A dual absorber electrode comprising a first absorber material having a first bandgap; and a second absorber material deposited on a surface of the first absorber material , the second absorber material having a second bandgap larger than the first bandgap of the first absorber.2. The electrode of wherein the first absorber material is a silicon nanostructure and the second absorber material is a hematite thin film deposited on the surface of the silicon nanostructure.3. The electrode of further comprising a uniform interface between the first absorber material and the second absorber material with low defect densities and low impurity levels.4. The electrode of wherein the second absorber material is deposited over the first absorber material in a conformal fashion.5. The electrode of wherein the second absorber material is a thin film conformally deposited on the surface of the first absorber material.6. The electrode of wherein the first absorber material is a photovoltaic junction.7. The electrode of wherein the second absorber material is a photovoltaic junction.8. The electrode of further comprising a catalyzing member in electrical contact with the first absorber material for catalyzing hydrogen generation.9. The electrode of wherein the first absorber material is a silicon nanostructure and the second absorber material is a hematite thin film deposited on the surface of the silicon nanostructure.10. The electrode of wherein a uniform interface is formed ...

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Номер записи: 57
16-01-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MOUNTING OXYGEN-CONSUMING ELECTRODES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

Номер: US20140014527A1
Автор: Bulan Andreas, Grossholz Michael, Kiefer Randolf, Woltering Peter
Принадлежит:

Method for the gastight and liquid-tight installation of oxygen-consuming electrodes in an electrolysis apparatus, and electrolysis apparatus for use in chloralkali electrolysis, in which particular regions are covered with an additional film having a composition comparable to the oxygen-consuming electrodes 1112561178111134291111aaaaaa. Method for the gastight and liquid-tight installation of one or more joining oxygen-consuming electrodes ( , ) in an electrochemical half cell () , wherein creased regions () and/or cracked regions () of the oxygen-consuming electrodes ( , ) and/or abutting edge regions () and/or overlap regions () of adjacent oxygen-consuming electrodes () and () occurring when the oxygen-consuming electrodes ( , ) are brought into juxtaposition with the frame () of the gas compartment () of the cell () are covered with an additional film () which has a composition comparable to the oxygen-consuming electrodes ( , ) and is thinner than the layer thickness of the oxygen-consuming electrode ( , ).2911a. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the film () has the same catalytically active material as the oxygen-consuming electrode ( claim 1 , ).3911a. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the film () and/or the oxygen-consuming electrodes ( claim 1 , ) are claim 1 , independently of one another claim 1 , based on a fluorinated polymer and a silver-containing catalytically active material.4911a. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytically active component in the film () and/or in the oxygen-consuming electrodes ( claim 1 , ) comprises silver claim 1 , silver(I) oxide or silver(II) oxide or mixtures of silver and silver oxide.59. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the catalytically active component in the film () comprises at least 50% by weight of silver oxide.6911a. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the film () and/or the oxygen-consuming electrodes ( claim 1 , ) comprises mixtures which claim 1 , independently of one ...

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Номер записи: 58
30-01-2014 дата публикации

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carboxylic Acids, Glycols, and Carboxylates

Номер: US20140027303A1
Автор: Bocarsly Andrew B., Cole Emily Barton, Sivasankar Narayanappa, Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carboxylic acids, glycols, and carboxylates are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte and a cathode. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to a carboxylic acid intermediate. Step (D) may contact the carboxylic acid intermediate with hydrogen to produce a reaction product. 1. A method for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide , comprising:(A) introducing a liquid to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell, the first compartment including an anode;(B) introducing carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell, the second compartment including a solution of an electrolyte, a cathode, and a homogenous heterocyclic amine catalyst, the cathode selected from the group consisting of cadmium, a cadmium alloy, cobalt, a cobalt alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, chromium, a chromium alloy, indium, an indium alloy, iron, an iron alloy, copper, a copper alloy, lead, a lead alloy, palladium, a palladium alloy, platinum, a platinum alloy, molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy, tungsten, a tungsten alloy, niobium, a niobium alloy, silver, a silver alloy, tin, a tin alloy, rhodium, a rhodium alloy, ruthenium, a ruthenium alloy, carbon, and mixtures thereof;(C) applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient for the cathode to reduce the carbon dioxide to a carboxylic acid intermediate; and(D) contacting the carboxylic acid intermediate with hydrogen to produce a reaction product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid intermediate ...

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Номер записи: 59
30-01-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTIC CELL

Номер: US20140027307A1
Автор: Langdon Alan George, Manikkathiagarajah Hilary Nath Dilrukshan
Принадлежит: WAIKATOLINK LIMITED

The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell, including: at least two electrodes, each electrode including: a first and a second surface; and a number of perforations arranged in a substantially uniform pattern; wherein the electrodes are positioned relative to each other such that: at least one surface of each electrode is opposed to a surface of the other electrode, and a gap is formed between the opposed surfaces of the electrodes; wherein the cell includes at least one electrically insulating layer positioned on the opposing surface of at least one electrode, the insulating layer including a number of perforations aligning with the perforations of the electrode on which it is positioned. 1. An electrolytic cell , comprising: a first and a second surface; and', 'a number of perforations arranged in a substantially uniform pattern;, 'at least two electrodes, each electrode comprising at least one surface of each electrode is opposed to a surface of the other electrode, and', 'a gap is formed between the opposed surfaces of the electrodes;, 'wherein the electrodes are positioned relative to each other such thatat least one insulating layer positioned on the opposing surface of at least one of the electrodes, the insulating layer comprising a number of perforations aligning with the perforations of the electrode on which it is positioned, wherein the thickness of the insulating layer is less than the distance between the opposed surfaces of the electrodes, andwherein the cell is configured such that fluid flow is directed through the perforations of one electrode, between the insulating layer and the surface of the electrode opposed to the surface on which the insulating layer is positioned, and through the perforations of the other electrode.2. An electrolytic cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gap is between substantially 1 to 100 micrometres.3. An electrolytic cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gap is between 2 to 4 micrometres.4. An ...

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Номер записи: 60
06-03-2014 дата публикации

FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE, NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-IMMOBILIZED CARRIER, ENZYME REACTION UTILIZATION DEVICE, PROTEIN-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE AND PROTEIN-IMMOBILIZED CARRIER

Номер: US20140065494A1
Автор: Fujita Shuji, Mita Hiroki, Nakagawa Takaaki, Sakai Hideki, Samukawa Tsunetoshi, Tabata Seiichiro, Tokita Yuichi, Yamanoi Shun
Принадлежит: SONY CORPORATION

Provided is a fuel cell capable of preventing elution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof immobilized on an electrode, and capable of preventing performance degradation due to elution, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell. 1. A fuel cell comprising:a positive electrode;a negative electrode; anda proton conductor provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,wherein the negative electrode is configured of an electrode which includes carbon and/or an inorganic compound having pores with a size of 2 nm or more to 100 nm or less on the surface, and in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof are immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 ,wherein the carbon and/or the inorganic compound further have pores with a size of 0.5 nm or more and less than 2 nm on the surface.3. The fuel cell according to claim 2 ,wherein the carbon and/or the inorganic compound have pores with a size of 0.5 nm or more and less than 2 nm and pores with a size of 4 nm or more and 20 nm or less on the surface.4. The fuel cell according to claim 3 ,wherein the carbon includes at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon particles, carbon sheets and carbon fibers.5. The fuel cell according to claim 4 ,wherein the carbon particles include at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon black and biocarbon.6. The fuel cell according to claim 5 ,wherein the electrode is formed of fibrous carbon.7. The fuel cell according to claim 6 ,wherein an enzyme is further immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound and the fuel cell includes the enzyme and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or the derivative.8. The fuel cell according to claim 7 ,wherein the fuel cell includes a compound for enzyme immobilization having a portion to be bonded to the carbon and/or the inorganic compound and a portion to be bonded to the ...

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Номер записи: 61
03-04-2014 дата публикации

STRESS-INDUCED BANDGAP-SHIFTED SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOELECTROLYTIC/PHOTOCATALYTIC/PHOTOVOLTAIC SURFACE AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME

Номер: US20140090975A1
Автор: Guerra John M.
Принадлежит: NANOPTEK CORPORATION

Titania is a semiconductor and photocatalyst that is also chemically inert. With its bandgap of 3.0, to activate the photocatalytic property of titania requires light of about 390 nm wavelength, which is in the ultra-violet, where sunlight is very low in intensity. A method and devices are disclosed wherein stress is induced and managed in a thin film of titania in order to shift and lower the bandgap energy into the longer wavelengths that are more abundant in sunlight. Applications of this stress-induced bandgap-shifted titania photocatalytic surface include photoelectrolysis for production of hydrogen gas from water, photovoltaics for production of electricity, and photocatalysis for detoxification and disinfection. 1. A photoelectrolytic apparatus for production of hydrogen gas from an aqueous medium , the apparatus comprising:a housing capable of holding an aqueous medium, the housing permitting ultraviolet and visible light to enter the interior of the housing;a first electrode, the first electrode comprising a substrate having an undulating surface and a semiconductor film on the undulating surface, the semiconductor film conforming to the undulating surface so as to induce a stress of at least about 100 mPa in at least part of the semiconductor film, thereby altering the bandgap of the stressed part of the semiconductor film;a second electrode; andmeans for collecting hydrogen gas generated at the second electrode substantially free from oxygen generated at the semiconductor film.2. A photoelectrolytic apparatus according to wherein the undulations on the substrate are substantially cylindrical claim 1 , hemispherical claim 1 , or sinusoidal in profile and have a pitch not exceeding about 370 nm.3. A photoelectrolytic apparatus according to wherein the semiconductor comprises titania claim 1 , doped titania of the formula nTiO claim 1 , or a metal titanate.4. A photoelectrolytic apparatus according to wherein the housing is substantially cylindrical.5. A ...

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Номер записи: 62
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Devices And Processes For Carbon Dioxide Conversion Into Useful Fuels And Chemicals

Номер: US20140093799A1
Автор: Masel Richard I., Rosen Brian A., Zhu Wei
Принадлежит:

Electrochemical devices for converting carbon dioxide to useful reaction products include a solid or a liquid with a specific pH and/or water content. Chemical processes using the devices are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, (COOH), (COO), acrylic acid, diphenyl carbonate, other carbonates, other organic acids and synthetic fuels. The electrochemical device can be a COsensor. 2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the substance is 2-5.3. The electrochemical device of claim 2 , wherein the pH of the substance is 2.5-4.0.4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the substance is 1.2-1.8.5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 1 , liquid claim 1 , solid or solution has a concentration of 1%-98% water by volume.6. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 5 , liquid claim 5 , solid and solution has a concentration of 10%-70% water by volume.7. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 5 , liquid claim 5 , solid and solution has a concentration of 70%-98% water by volume.8. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , further comprising a membrane electrode assembly claim 1 , the membrane electrode assembly comprising:(i) a cathode;(ii) a cathode catalyst;(iii) a Buffer Layer;(iv) a separator membrane;(v) an anode catalyst; and(vi) an anode.9. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the Buffer Layer is located within 1 mm of the cathode claim 1 , the Buffer Layer comprising a substance having a pH of 1.1-5.5 when measured according to at least one of the tests listed in .10. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the cathode and a catalyst operatively associated with the cathode comprises a catalytically active element.11. The electrochemical device of claim 10 , wherein the catalytically ...

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Номер записи: 63
10-04-2014 дата публикации

Anode of supplementary hydrogen fuel system

Номер: US20140096728A1
Автор: Christian Heinrich Roettgers, Richard Ortenheim
Принадлежит: Hydrogen Injection Technology Inc

A supplementary hydrogen fuel system is described. The supplementary hydrogen fuel system can include a hydrogen generator. The hydrogen generator can include a cylindrical enclosure of metal and a fuel cell unit disposed within the cylindrical enclosure. The fuel cell unit includes an anode core coupled to a second terminal of the power source. The anode core includes indentations on one or more surfaces. The indentations are arranged according to a first pattern.

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Номер записи: 64
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Porous electrode for proton exchange membrane

Номер: US20150001065A1
Автор: Eric Mayousse, Remi Vincent
Принадлежит: Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA

A process for manufacturing a catalytic electrode includes depositing an electrocatalytic ink on a carrier, wherein the electrocatalytic ink includes an electrocatalytic material and a product polymerizable into a protonically conductive polymer. The process also includes solidifying the electrocatalytic ink so as to form an electrode wherein the composition of the product polymerizable into a protonically conductive polymer and its proportion in the ink is defined so that the electrode formed has a breaking strength greater than 1 MPa. The process further includes separating the electrode formed from the carrier.

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Номер записи: 65
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Method for Producing Nitride Semiconductor Photoelectrode

Номер: US20220002886A1
Автор: Komatsu Takeshi, ONO Yoko, Sato Sayumi, Uzumaki Yuya
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode capable of improving the light energy conversion efficiency. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode includes a first step of forming an n-type gallium nitride layer on an insulating or conductive substrate, a second step of forming an indium gallium nitride layer on the n-type gallium nitride layer, a third step of forming a nickel layer n the indium gallium nitride layer, and a fourth step of heat-treating the nickel layer in an oxygen atmosphere. 1. A method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode comprising:a first step of forming an n-type gallium nitride layer on an insulating or conductive substrate;a second step of forming an indium gallium nitride layer on the n-type gallium nitride layer;a third step of forming a nickel layer on the indium gallium nitride layer; anda fourth step of heat-treating the nickel layer in an oxygen atmosphere.2. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode according to claim 1 , wherein metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is used in the first step and the second step.3. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode according to claim 1 , wherein electron beam (EB) vapor deposition is used in the third step.4. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth step is performed at a temperature from 250 to 400° C. for a holding time from 30 minutes to 2 hours.5. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode according to claim 1 , wherein the nickel layer after the fourth step becomes an oxygen-excessive nickel oxide layer and exhibits characteristics as a p-type semiconductor.6. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode according to claim 2 , wherein electron beam (EB) vapor deposition is used in the third step.7. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode ...

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Номер записи: 66
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Trimetallic layered double hydroxide composition

Номер: US20220002887A1
Автор: Chuan Zhao, XIN Bo
Принадлежит: Kohodo Hydrogen Energy Pty Ltd, NEWSOUTH INNOVATIONS PTY LTD

A layered double hydroxide (LDH) material, methods for using the LDH material to catalyse the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a water-splitting process and methods for preparing the LDH material. The LDH material includes nickel, iron and chromium species and possesses a sheet-like morphology including at least one hole.

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Номер записи: 67
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Electrochemical double-cell plate and apparatus for exhaust emissions control

Номер: US20160001222A1
Автор: Huang Ta-Jen
Принадлежит:

An electrochemical double-cell plate for exhaust emissions control is used to purify an oxygen-rich combustion waste gas and comprises a substrate made of a metal or an alloy and having a reducing capability; a solid-state oxide layer; a boundary layer; and a cathode layer. The solid-state oxide layer and the boundary layer cooperate to seal the substrate and respectively have a first compact microstructure and a second compact microstructure. The cathode layer completely covers the solid-state oxide layer, made of a porous material and having an oxidizing environment. The oxidizing environment and the reducing capability generate an electromotive force between the substrate and the cathode layer. The electromotive force drives sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides of the oxygen-rich combustion waste gas to decompose into sulfur vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. An electrochemical apparatus using the same for exhaust emissions control is also disclosed. 2. The electrochemical double-cell plate for exhaust emissions control according to claim 1 , wherein the solid-state oxide layer is made of a material selected from a group including fluorite-structure metal oxides claim 1 , perovskite-structure metal oxides claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The electrochemical double-cell plate for exhaust emissions control according to claim 1 , wherein the boundary layer is made of glass or ceramic.4. The electrochemical double-cell plate for exhaust emissions control according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode layer is made of a material selected from a group including perovskite-structure metal oxides claim 1 , fluorite-structure metal oxides claim 1 , metal-added perovskite-structure metal oxides claim 1 , metal-added fluorite-structure metal oxides claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The electrochemical double-cell plate for exhaust emissions control according to further comprising an interface layer claim 1 , which is disposed between the solid-state oxide layer and the cathode ...

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Номер записи: 68
02-01-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING AMMONIA FROM NITROGEN OXIDES AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20200002180A1
Автор: Heo Iljeong, KIM Beom Sik, Kim Dong Yeon, Kwon Young Kook
Принадлежит:

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical system for producing ammonia from nitrogen oxides which can perform the reaction at room temperature under normal pressure with high ammonia selectivity, and a preparation method thereof. 1. An electrochemical system for producing ammonia from nitrogen oxides characteristically comprising a cathode electrode where the reduction reaction of a complex of nitrogen oxide and a metal complex compound occurs , an anode electrode , a reference electrode , an electrolyte including a metal complex compound , and a nitrogen oxide supply unit.2. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen oxide is nitrogen monoxide.3. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the metal of the metal complex compound is iron or magnesium.4. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the complex compound is a salt selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid (CyDTA) claim 1 , and nitrilo disodium triacetate (NTA).5. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the material forming the cathode electrode or the anode electrode is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of iron claim 1 , glassy carbon (GC) claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , copper claim 1 , silver claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , oxides thereof claim 1 , and alloys thereof.6. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein when the material forming the cathode electrode is silver or copper claim 1 , the applied potential difference is in the range of 0.2 to −0.4 Volt by the reference hydrogen electrode; when the material is glassy carbon claim 1 , the applied potential difference is in the range of −0.3 to −0.4 Volt; and when the material is platinum claim 1 , the applied potential difference is in the range of 0.4 to −0.4 Volt.7. The electrochemical system according ...

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Номер записи: 69
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Fluid-permeable electrodes, fluid-permeable electrochemical cells and integrated fluid-permeable analytical devices, and fluid-permeable devices for electrocatalytic conversion and electrosynthesis, and for fluid decontamination

Номер: US20220006096A1
Автор: Abbas Parvez Kazi, Anna Maria Routsi, Dionysios CHRISTODOULEAS
Принадлежит: University of Massachusetts UMass

Provided is a fluid-permeable electrode having an open-cell structure and having: a layer of an electroactive material deposited on a surface of an open cell substrate that is formed of a material that differs from the electroactive material; or a fluid-permeable electrode having an open-cell structure and consisting of an electroactive material.

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Номер записи: 70
07-01-2016 дата публикации

COMPOSITE FLOW PLATE FOR ELECTROLYTIC CELL

Номер: US20160002798A1
Автор: Lundsgaard Jørgen Schjerning, Rømer Carsten Henneberg, Thomas David Morgan, Wittenhoff Per
Принадлежит:

A flow plate for use as an anode current collector in an electrolytic cell for the production of hydrogen from water is provided. The flow plate comprises a channel plate and a cover plate. A front face of the channel plate is provided with a flow field pattern of open-faced channels defined by depressed portions alternating with elevated portions. The cover plate made of a material that is corrosion resistant in an anodic environment of water electrolysis. The cover plate is arranged parallel on top of the channel plate and in electrical contact with the front face thereof. The cover plate is further provided with a pattern of through-going apertures alternating with closed portions, and the closed portions cover at least the elevated portions of the channel plate. 1. Flow plate for use as an anode current collector in an electrolytic cell for the production of hydrogen from water , the flow plate comprisinga channel plate, wherein a front face of the channel plate is provided with a flow field pattern of open-faced channels defined by depressed portions alternating with elevated portions, anda cover plate made of a material that is corrosion resistant in an anodic environment of water electrolysis, wherein the cover plate is arranged parallel on top of the channel plate and in electrical contact with the front face thereof, wherein the cover plate is provided with a pattern of through-going apertures alternating with closed portions, wherein the pattern of through-going apertures is aligned with the depressed portions, and wherein the closed portions cover at least the elevated portions of the channel plate.2. Flow plate according to claim 1 , wherein the flow field pattern on the channel plate is a system of inter-digitized feed and drain channels claim 1 ,wherein each of the feed channels has an upstream end that is connected to at least one feed port via at least one feed manifold, and has a downstream end that terminates on the channel plate,wherein each of ...

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Номер записи: 71
04-01-2018 дата публикации

CATALYST ELECTRODES, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Номер: US20180002807A1
Автор: ATANASOSKI Radoslav, Debe Mark K., Hendricks Susan M., Vernstrom George D.
Принадлежит:

Methods of making catalyst electrodes comprising sputtering at least Pt and Ir onto nanostructured whiskers to provide multiple alternating layers comprising, respectively in any order, at least Pt and Ir. In some exemplary embodiments, catalyst electrodes described, or made as described, herein are anode catalyst, and in other exemplary embodiments cathode catalyst. Catalysts electrodes are useful, for example, in generating Hand Ofrom water. 1. A method of making an anode catalyst electrode comprising:sputtering at least Pt and Ir onto nanostructured whiskers to provide multiple alternating layers comprising respectively in any order Pt and Ir; andradiation annealing at least some of the multiple alternating layers comprising respectively Pt and Ir at least in part in an atmosphere comprising an absolute oxygen partial pressure of at least 2 kPa oxygen to provide the anode catalyst electrode.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radiation annealing is at least in part conducted at an incident energy fluence of at least 20 mJ/mm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Pt and Ir are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 10:1 to 1:10.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers are attached to a backing.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the backing is a membrane claim 4 , and wherein the method further comprises acid washing to remove cation impurities prior to attaching the nanostructured whiskers to membrane.6. A method of making an anode catalyst electrode comprising:sputtering at least Pt and Ir onto nanostructured whiskers to provide multiple alternating layers comprising respectively in any order Pt and Ir, wherein at least a portion of the multiple alternating layers are up to 20 Angstroms thick,to provide the anode catalyst electrode.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the Pt and Ir are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 1:5 to 5:1.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the whiskers are attached to a backing.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 72
02-01-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20200002824A1
Автор: KITAGAWA Ryota, Kudo Yuki, Mikoshiba Satoshi, Motoshige Asahi, ONO Akihiko, Sugano Yoshitsune, Tamura Jun, Yamagiwa Masakazu
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other. 1. An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide comprising:an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode;a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, a gas flow path to supply the carbon dioxide to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; anda separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.2. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member includes a woven fabric claim 1 , a nonwoven fabric claim 1 , or a porous body allowing a liquid and an ion to pass through.3. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member has a porosity of not less than 40% nor more than 90%.4. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member includes a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric of a zirconia fiber.5. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member includes a woven fabric claim 1 , a nonwoven fabric claim 1 , or a porous body ...

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Номер записи: 73
02-01-2020 дата публикации

SILICON PHOTOANODE COMPRISING A THIN AND UNIFORM PROTECTIVE LAYER MADE OF TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

Номер: US20200002825A1
Автор: Mi Zetian, VANKA Srinivas
Принадлежит:

There is described a silicon photoanode generally having a silicon-based substrate; and a protective layer covering the silicon-base substrate, the protective layer having a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) material, being uniform and having a thickness below about 8 nm. 1. A silicon photoanode comprising:a silicon-based substrate; anda protective layer covering the silicon-base substrate, the protective layer having a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) material, being uniform and having a thickness below about 8 nm.2. The silicon photoanode of wherein the TMDC material is MoSe.3. The silicon photoanode of wherein the thickness is preferably below about 5 nm.4. The silicon photoanode of wherein the thickness is most preferably below about 4 nm.5. The silicon photoanode of wherein the thickness is above about 2 nm.6. The silicon photoanode of wherein the protective layer has been deposited using a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique.7. A method for manufacturing a silicon photoanode claim 1 , the method comprising:applying a layer of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) material on a silicon-based substrate using a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said TMDC material is MoSe claim 7 , said applying comprising heating the silicon-based substrate to temperatures in the range of 200-450° C. claim 7 , introducing a Mo molecular beam under Se-rich conditions for about 18-180 minutes claim 7 , with a deposition rate of about 0.01 Å/s for MoSe. The improvements generally relate to the field of photoelectrochemical cells and more specifically relate to silicon photoanodes of such photoelectrochemical cells.Photoelectrochemical cells (sometimes referred to as “PECs”) are solar cells that produce electrical energy or hydrogen in a process similar to the electrolysis of water. Such cells generally involve electrolysation of water to hydrogen and oxygen gas by irradiating a silicon photoanode immerged in said water with ...

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Номер записи: 74
02-01-2020 дата публикации

PHOTOCATALYST FOR EFFICIENT HYDROGEN GENERATION

Номер: US20200002826A1
Автор: IDRISS Hicham, ISIMJAN Tayirjan Taylor
Принадлежит:

Certain embodiments of the invention are directed to a water splitting photo electrochemical (PEC) thin film comprising metal nanostructures positioned between a CdZnS semiconductor and a ZnO semiconductor to form a Z-scheme for total water splitting. 1. A water splitting photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalyst comprising metal (M1) nanostructures positioned between a CdZnS semiconductor and a ZnO semiconductor to form a Z-scheme catalyst having the structure ZnO/M1/CdZnS , where x is less than 1.2. The PEC catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the M1 nanostructures comprise a transition metal.3. The PEC catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the M1 nanostructures comprise Pt claim 3 , Ni claim 3 , Cu claim 3 , Fe claim 3 , Au claim 3 , Pd claim 3 , or Ag or combinations thereof.4. The PEC catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the M1 nanostructures is Pt claim 3 , AuPd claim 3 , Au claim 3 , or Pd.5. The PEC catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the M1 nanostructures are core-shell nanoparticles.6. The PEC catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the M1 nanostructures comprise Cu claim 3 , Fe claim 3 , Au claim 3 , Pt claim 3 , Pd claim 3 , Ni claim 3 , Ag metals claim 3 , alloys of two or three metals claim 3 , or core-shell nanostructures.7. The PEC catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ZnO to M1 nanostructure ratio is 50:1 to 1000:1.8. The PEC catalyst of claim 1 , wherein ZnO to S ratio is 4:1 to 1:2.9. The PEC catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is ZnO/1 wt. % Pt/Cd0.82ZnS or [ZnO]/1 wt. % Pt/CdZnS.10. A photocatalytic reactor comprising a reactor having an inlet for feeding water or aqueous solution to a reactor chamber claim 1 , the reaction chamber comprising:{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claims 1'}, {'@idref': 'CLM-00008', '8'}], '(i) a photo electrochemical (PEC) assembly comprising a PEC photocatalyst of any one of to ;'}{'sub': '2', '(ii) a Hgas product outlet; and'}{'sub': '2', '(iii) Ogas product outlet.'}11. The reactor of claim 9 , wherein the CdZnS semiconductor is deposited on a ...

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Номер записи: 75
02-01-2020 дата публикации

OXIDATION ELECTRODE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION DEVICE USING THE SAME

Номер: US20200002827A1
Автор: KITAGAWA Ryota, Kudo Yuki, Mikoshiba Satoshi, Motoshige Asahi, ONO Akihiko, Sugano Yoshitsune, Tamura Jun, Yamagiwa Masakazu
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

An oxidation electrode in an embodiment includes: a conductive substrate made of a metal material including titanium, titanium alloy, or stainless steel; and an oxidation catalyst layer provided on the conductive substrate and made of a composite body containing nickel and iron. A bonding state of nickel and iron in the composite body containing nickel and iron is composed of Ni(OH), NiOOH, and FeOOH. 1. An oxidation electrode comprising:a conductive substrate made of a metal material including titanium, titanium alloy, or stainless steel; andan oxidation catalyst layer provided on the conductive substrate and made of a composite body containing nickel and iron, wherein{'sub': '2', 'a bonding state of nickel and iron in the composite body is composed of Ni(OH), NiOOH, and FeOOH.'}2. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereina content of iron in the composite body is 20 mass % or more and 70 mass % or less.3. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': −1', '−1', '−1', '−1', '−1', '−1, 'a Raman spectrum of the oxidation catalyst layer provided on the conductive substrate measured by a Raman spectroscopic analysis has a first peak in a Raman shift of 170 cmor more and 350 cmor less, a second peak in a Raman shift of 450 cmor more and 570 cmor less, and a third peak in a Raman shift of 650 cmor more and 700 cmor less.'}4. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe electrode is configured to use as an oxidation electrode of an electrochemical reaction device which reduces carbon dioxide to produce a carbon compound and oxidizes water to produce oxygen.5. An electrochemical reaction device comprising:a reduction electrode arranged in contact with at least carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the oxidation electrode according to arranged in contact with an electrolytic solution containing water to oxidize the water and thus produce oxygen; and'}a power supply to ...

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Номер записи: 76
07-01-2021 дата публикации

GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE, AN ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM, AND A METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM

Номер: US20210002776A1
Автор: Landes Harald, Reller Christian
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A gas diffusion electrode having at least two layers, of which a first layer has an electrically conductive fabric, which is embedded at least in part in a hydrophobically acting polymer matrix, and a second layer has an open porosity which has catalytically acting particles and has a thickness between 1 μm and 50 μm. 1. A gas diffusion electrode comprising:at least two layers of which a first layer comprises an electrically conductive woven fabric which is at least partially embedded in a hydrophobic polymer matrix and a second layer comprises an open porosity in which catalytically active particles are present and has a thickness in the range from 1 μm to 50 μm.2. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the electrically conductive woven fabric comprises a silver-, titanium-, nickel- and/or carbon-containing fiber.3. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the polymer matrix comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.4. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the polymer matrix is hydrophobic and has a contact angle with water of more than 90°.5. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the first layer has a thickness in the range from 50 μm to 1000 μm.6. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the polymer matrix has a porosity and wherein 95% of the pores have a diameter which is in the range from 0.1 μm to 2 μm.7. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the catalytically active particles of the second layer have a diameter which is in the range from 0.05 μm to 1 μm.8. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the second layer comprises silver particles as catalytically active particles.9. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the particles of the second layer have a hydrophilic binder which has a contact angle with water of less than 90°.10. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein at least 95% of the ...

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Номер записи: 77
07-01-2021 дата публикации

HIGHLY SUSTAINED ELECTRODES AND ELECTROLYTES FOR SALTY ALKALINE AND NEUTRAL WATER SPLITTING

Номер: US20210002777A1
Автор: Dai Hongjie, KENNEY Michael J., KUANG Yun, MENG Yongtao
Принадлежит: THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY

A corrosion resistant anode is provided for oxygen evolution reaction in water including chloride ions. The anode includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a passivation layer coating the substrate; and (3) an electrocatalyst layer coating the passivation layer. Polyanion adjusted alkaline seawater electrolyte for hydrogen generation by electrolysis is also provided. 1. An anode for oxygen evolution reaction in water including chloride , comprising:a substrate;a passivation layer coating the substrate; andan electrocatalyst layer coating the passivation layer,wherein the passivation layer includes a sulfide of at least one metal.2. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the passivation layer includes nickel sulfide or nickel iron sulfide.3. The anode of claim 2 , further comprising an anionic layer disposed between the passivation layer and the electrocatalyst layer.4. The anode of claim 3 , wherein the anionic layer includes an anionic oxide of sulfur.5. An anode for oxygen evolution reaction in water including chloride claim 3 , comprising:a substrate;a passivation layer coating the substrate; andan electrocatalyst layer coating the passivation layer,wherein the passivation layer includes a phosphide of at least one metal.6. The anode of claim 5 , wherein the passivation layer includes nickel phosphide or nickel iron phosphide.7. The anode of claim 6 , further comprising an anionic layer disposed between the passivation layer and the electrocatalyst layer.8. The anode of claim 7 , wherein the anionic layer includes an anionic oxide of phosphorus.9. An anode for oxygen evolution reaction in water including chloride claim 7 , comprising:a substrate;an electrocatalyst layer coating the substrate; andan anionic layer disposed between the substrate and the electrocatalyst layer.10. The anode of claim 9 , wherein the anionic layer includes polyatomic anions including carbonate claim 9 , sulfate claim 9 , phosphate claim 9 , or a combination of two or more thereof.11. The anode of claim 10 ...

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Номер записи: 78
07-01-2021 дата публикации

3D REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE FOAMS EMBEDDED WITH NANOCATALYSTS, SYNTHESIZING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF SAME

Номер: US20210002778A1
Автор: Wang Daoyuan, Zhao Wei
Принадлежит:

A method of synthesizing a three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO) foam embedded with water-splitting nanocatalysts includes providing at least one solution containing at least one precursor of nanocatalysts, and a graphene oxide (GO) aqueous suspension; mixing the GO aqueous suspension with the at least one solution to form a mixture suspension; and performing hydrothermal reaction in the mixture suspension to form a 3D RGO foam embedded with the nanocatalysts. 1. A method of synthesizing a three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO) foam embedded with nanocatalysts , comprising:providing at least one solution containing at least one precursor of nanocatalysts, and a graphene oxide (GO) aqueous suspension;mixing the GO aqueous suspension with the at least one solution to form a mixture suspension; andperforming hydrothermal reaction in the mixture suspension to form a 3D RGO foam embedded with the nanocatalysts.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one precursor comprises NaMoOand L-cysteine.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixture suspension is characterized with pH=5.8.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the 3D RGO foam embedded with the nanocatalysts is a 3D RGO-Mo Sfoam.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one solution comprises a first solution containing nickel (II) nitrate claim 1 , and a second solution containing iron (III) nitrate.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first and second solutions are formed by dissolving Ni(NO).6HO and Fe(NO).9HO into deionized water claim 5 , respectfully.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture suspension is characterized with pH=3.5 and a molar ratio of C:Ni:Fe=14:1:0.33.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the hydrothermal reaction in the mixture suspension is performed in a sealed autoclave for hydrothermal reaction at a predetermined temperature for a period of time.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the predetermined temperature is in a ranges of about 160-200° C. ...

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Номер записи: 79
03-01-2019 дата публикации

CURRENT DENSITY DISTRIBUTOR FOR USE IN AN ELECTRODE

Номер: US20190003063A1
Автор: Alvarez Gallego Yolanda, Bouwman Bert, Dominguez Benetton Xochitl, Pant Deepak
Принадлежит:

A mesh-shaped, porous electric current density distributor is for use with an electrode, and is adapted for providing electric current to an active layer of the electrode. The active layer contacts a face of the current density distributor, and the current density distributor includes a porous mesh having several electrically conductive paths. At least part of the electrically conductive paths extend along a direction of major current flow over the current density distributor. The porous mesh includes in a direction crosswise to the direction of major electric current flow, several paths of an electric insulator. The current carrying capacity of the current density distributor in crosswise direction to the major current flow over the current density distributor is smaller than the current carrying capacity in the direction along the major current flow over the current density distributor. 1. A current density distributor comprising:an electrically conductive frame and a porous mesh mounted into the electrically conductive frame,wherein the electrically conductive frame comprises a lug adapted for providing electric current to the current density distributor, wherein the electric current flows along a direction of major current flow along the current density distributor,wherein the current density distributor comprises a porous mesh having a plurality of electrically conductive paths,wherein at least part of the electrically conductive paths extend along the direction of major current flow over the current density distributor,wherein the porous mesh comprises, in a direction crosswise to the direction of major current flow, a plurality of first electrically insulating paths, andwherein the porous mesh comprises a plurality of open spaces between the electrically conductive paths and/or the first electrically insulating paths.2. The current density distributor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a current carrying capacity of the current density distributor in the ...

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Номер записи: 80
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Crumpled Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Sheets

Номер: US20190003064A1
Автор: Stanley Shihyao Chou, Vincent Tung, Yen-Chang Chen
Принадлежит: National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC

An electrohydrodynamic (EHD) method results in charge driven droplet fission and volumetric shrinkage of metal dichalcogenide sheet droplets, thus wrinkling individual exfoliated metal dichalcogenide sheets on the nanoscale. For example, the method can be used to activate the basal plane of solution exfoliated, stable 2H reverted sheets of MoS2. In this manner, the basal plane of 2H MoS2 can be strained at an unprecedented scale (3.7%), resulting in charge transport to basal plane defects. The resulting crumpled MoS2 integrates few layer sheets and atomistic defects with nano- and micro-scale ridges and vertices to enable centimeter-length films that elevate the catalytic site count of MoS2 from 1.0×1014 sites/cm2 to 2.93×1017 sites/cm2 (planar 2H vs. crumpled 2H) and a turn-over-frequency (TOF) from 0.016 s−1 to 0.130 s−1.

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Номер записи: 81
13-01-2022 дата публикации

REACTOR WITH ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION OF CO2, CO, AND OTHER CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20220010437A1
Автор: Cave Etosha R., Kuhl Kendra P., Leonard George
Принадлежит:

A platform technology that uses a novel membrane electrode assembly including a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-and-cation-conducting polymer, an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a cation-conducting polymer, a membrane layer comprising a cation-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer, in a COreduction reactor has been developed. The reactor can be used to synthesize a broad range of carbon-based compounds from carbon dioxide. 1. A membrane electrode assembly comprising:a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-and-cation-conducting polymer;an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a first cation-conducting polymer;a membrane layer comprising a second cation-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer; anda cathode buffer layer comprising a second anion-and-cation conducting polymer, the cathode buffer layer arranged between the cathode layer and the membrane layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the membrane layer.2. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , the cathode buffer layer further comprising FumaSep FAA-3.3. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 2 , the cathode layer further comprising FumaSep FAA-3.4. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the second cation-conducting polymer is selected from a group consisting of Nafion 115 claim 3 , Nafion 117 claim 3 , and Nafion 211.5. A membrane electrode assembly comprising:a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-and-cation-conducting polymer;an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a first cation-conducting polymer;a membrane layer comprising a second cation-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode ...

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Номер записи: 82
13-01-2022 дата публикации

Process for the Oxidation of Carbon-Containing Organic Compounds with Electrochemically Generated Oxidizing Agents and Arrangement for Carrying Out the Process

Номер: US20220010443A1
Автор: MATTHÉE Thorsten, NEUBER Rieke, Waldvogel Siegfried, ZIRBES Michael
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds where the said compounds have at least one bond with a bond order >1, wherein an oxidizing of these carbon-containing organic compounds to be oxidized is performed with electrochemically generated C—O—O oxidizing agents, in particular peroxodicarbonate. Also described is the use of C—O—O oxidizing agents generated electrochemically from carbonate, in particular peroxodicarbonate, as oxidizing agents for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds, in particular carbon-containing organic compounds where the said compounds have at least one bond with a bond order >1. Finally, an arrangement for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds is provided, comprising a first unit for the electrochemical preparation of C—O—O oxidizing agents generated electrochemically from carbonate, in particular peroxodicarbonate, and a second unit for the oxidizing of the carbon-containing organic compound with the C—O—O oxidizing agent generated electrochemically from carbonate, in particular peroxodicarbonate. In this case, these two units are connected to one another in such a way that an ex situ generated oxidizing agent can be fed to the second unit. 1. A process for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds that have at least one bond with bond order ≥1 , comprising the step ofoxidizing said carbon-containing organic compounds with one or more electrochemically generated C—O—O oxidants to produce one or more oxidized or oxygenated, carbon-containing organic compounds.2. The process for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the one or more C—O—O oxidants comprise peroxydicarbonate claim 1 , generated electrochemically from carbonate using an electrolysis assembly comprising at least one cathode claim 1 , at least one diamond-coated anode claim 1 , and a carbonate-containing electrolyte that is pumped at a flow rate ...

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Номер записи: 83
04-01-2018 дата публикации

POROUS ADHESIVE NETWORKS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

Номер: US20180006315A1
Автор: Frisk Joseph W., Pierpont Daniel M., Yandrasits Michael A.
Принадлежит:

An article comprising a first gas distribution layer (), a first gas dispersion layer (), or a first electrode layer, having first and second opposed major surfaces and a first adhesive layer having first and second opposed major surfaces, wherein the second major surface () of the first gas distribution layer (), the second major surface () of the first gas dispersion layer (), or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, has a central area, wherein the first major surface of the first adhesive layer contacts at least the central area of the second major surface of the first gas distribution layer, the second major surface of the first gas dispersion layer, or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, and wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a porous network of first adhesive including a continuous pore network extending between the first and second major surfaces of the first adhesive layer. The articles described herein are useful, for example, in membrane electrode assemblies, unitized electrode assemblies, and electrochemical devices (e.g., fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and electrolyzers). 1. An article comprising a first gas distribution layer , a first gas dispersion layer , or a first electrode layer having first and second opposed major surfaces and a first adhesive layer having first and second opposed major surfaces , wherein the second major surface of the first gas distribution layer , the second major surface of the first gas dispersion layer , or the first major surface of the first electrode layer , as applicable , has a central area , wherein the first major surface of the first adhesive layer contacts at least the central area of the second major surface of the first gas distribution layer , the first major surface of the first adhesive layer contacts at least the central area of the second major surface of the first gas dispersion layer , or the second major surface of the first ...

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Номер записи: 84
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Oxygen generation electrode and oxygen generation apparatus

Номер: US20190006120A1
Автор: Hiroyuki Aso, John David Baniecki, Yoshihiko Imanaka
Принадлежит: Fujitsu Ltd

An oxygen generation electrode includes, a conductive layer including a salt of stannic acid, the salt of stannic acid having a perovskite structure, a light absorption layer disposed on the conductive layer, and a catalyst layer disposed on the light absorption layer, the catalyst layer including an oxide having a perovskite structure and being responsible for an oxygen evolution reaction, the conductive layer being doped to degeneracy with impurities, the light absorption layer forming a Type-II heterojunction with the conductive layer, the catalyst layer being doped to degeneracy with impurities, the upper end of the valence band of the catalyst layer being higher than the upper end of the valence band of the light absorption layer.

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Номер записи: 85
07-01-2021 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION SYSTEM, AND COMPLEX POWER GENERATION SYSTEM USING THE SAME

Номер: US20210005911A1
Автор: KIM Changmin, KIM Guntae, KIM Jeongwon
Принадлежит: UNIST(ULSAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)

Disclosed is a carbon dioxide utilization system capable of recharging and undergoing reactions. The system includes a cathode unit provided with a first aqueous solution accommodated in a first accommodation space, and a cathode at least a part of which is submerged in the first aqueous solution; an anode unit provided with an alkaline second aqueous solution accommodated in a second accommodation space, and a metal anode at least a part of which is submerged in the second aqueous solution; and a connection unit provided with a connection channel connecting the first and second accommodation spaces in open communication, and a porous ion transfer member, disposed in the connection channel, for blocking the movement of the first and second aqueous solutions but allowing the movement of ions. 1. A carbon dioxide utilization system comprising:a cathode unit including a first accommodation space, a first aqueous solution, and a cathode at least partially submerged in the first aqueous solution;an anode unit including a second accommodation space, a second aqueous solution which is basic, and a metal anode at least partially submerged in the second aqueous solution; anda connection unit configured to connect the cathode unit and the anode unit,wherein carbon dioxide introduced into the first aqueous solution is captured as a bicarbonate ion and produces a hydrogen ion, and the hydrogen ion reacts with an electron of the cathode to produce hydrogen.2. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 1 , wherein the anode is made of aluminum (Al) or zinc (Zn).3. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 1 , wherein the connection unit is a salt bridge.4. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 3 , wherein a solution inside the salt bridge contains sodium ions.5. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 1 , wherein the connection unit is disposed between the first accommodation space and the second accommodation space and is a porous ion transfer member ...

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Номер записи: 86
08-01-2015 дата публикации

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygenated and Unsaturated Organic Compounds

Номер: US20150008139A1
Автор: JACKSON James E., Li Zhenglong, Miller Dennis J., Saffron Christopher M.
Принадлежит:

A process and related electrode composition are disclosed for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived bio-oil components by the production of hydrogen atoms on a catalyst surface followed by the reaction of the hydrogen atoms with the organic compounds in bio-oil. The catalyst is a metal supported on a monolithic high surface area material such as activated carbon cloth. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation stabilizes the bio-oil under mild conditions to reduce coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The process converts oxygen-containing functionalities and unsaturated bonds into chemically reduced forms with an increased hydrogen content. The process is operated at mild conditions, which enables it to be a good means for stabilizing bio-oil to a form that can be stored and transported using metal containers and pipes. 1. A process for performing at least one of electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) and electrocatalytic hydrodeoxygenation (ECHDO) of an organic substrate , the process comprising:(a) providing a reaction mixture comprising an organic reactant comprising one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carbonyl carbon-oxygen double bonds, aromatic double bonds, ethylenic carbon-carbon double bonds, acetylenic carbon-carbon triple bonds, hydroxylcarbon-oxygen single bonds, ether carbon-oxygen single bonds, and combinations thereof;(b) contacting the reaction mixture with a first electrode comprising a catalytic electrode composition comprising (i) a porous activated carbon cloth (ACC) support and (ii) metal catalyst particles immobilized on the ACC support;(c) electrically contacting the reaction mixture with a second electrode; and(d) applying an electrical potential between the first electrode and the second electrode to provide an electrical current therebetween and through the reaction mixture, thereby performing at least one of an ECH reaction and an ECHDO reaction to ...

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Номер записи: 87
03-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENTLY OPERATING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

Номер: US20190006695A1
Автор: SEYMOUR Eric Austin, Swiegers Gerhard Frederick, TIWARI Prerna, TSEKOURAS George
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are electrochemical cells and methods of use or operation. In one aspect there is disclosed a method for management of an electrochemical cell, the method comprising operating the electrochemical cell at an operational voltage that is below or about the thermoneutral voltage for an electrochemical reaction. In another aspect there is disclosed an electrochemical cell comprising electrodes, an electrolyte between the electrodes, and a catalyst applied to at least one of the electrodes to facilitate an electrochemical reaction at an operational voltage of the electrochemical cell that is below or about the thermoneutral voltage for the electrochemical reaction. Also disclosed are various catalysts for the electrochemical cell comprising mixtures of various catalytic materials and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 1. A method for management of an electrochemical cell comprising electrodes and an electrolyte between the electrodes , the method comprising:creating an operational voltage for the electrochemical cell that is below or about the thermoneutral voltage for an electrochemical reaction at an operating temperature; andoperating the electrochemical cell at the operational voltage and the operating temperature to produce the electrochemical reaction,wherein a catalyst applied to at least one of the electrodes facilitates the electrochemical reaction at the operational voltage and the operating temperature.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operational voltage is below the thermoneutral voltage.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operational voltage is at or about the thermoneutral voltage.4. The method of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical reaction is an endothermic electrochemical reaction and heat is applied to the endothermic electrochemical reaction from a heater or a heating element.5. The method of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical reaction is an endothermic electrochemical reaction and heat is applied to the ...

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Номер записи: 88
03-01-2019 дата публикации

HIGH CAPACITY CORROSION RESISTANT V-BASED METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODES FOR RECHARGEABLE METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES

Номер: US20190006718A1
Автор: EDWARDS Bryce W., FULTZ Brent T., WEADOCK Nicholas J., Yang Heng
Принадлежит: California Institute of Technology

In an aspect, an electrochemical cell comprises: a positive electrode; a negative electrode, said negative electrode having an alloy having a composition comprising V; and an electrolyte; wherein an additive is provided in said electrolyte to form primary vanadate ions upon dissociation of said additive in said electrolyte; and wherein the electrochemical cell is a metal hydride battery. In some embodiments of this aspect, the alloy is configured to sorb hydrogen during charging of said electrochemical cell and desorb hydrogen during discharging of said electrochemical cell. In some embodiments of this aspect, the electrolyte has a pH selected from the range of 13 to 15. 1. An electrochemical cell , the electrochemical cell comprising:a. a positive electrode; 'i. wherein said alloy has a composition comprising V; and', 'b. a negative electrode, said negative electrode having an alloy;'} 'and', 'i. wherein an additive is provided in said electrolyte to form primary vanadate ions upon dissociation of said additive in said electrolyte;'}, 'c. an electrolyte;'}wherein said electrochemical cell is a metal hydride battery.2. An electrochemical cell , the electrochemical cell comprising:a. a positive electrode; 'i. wherein said alloy has a composition comprising V and Cr; and', 'b. a negative electrode, said negative electrode having an alloy that is configured to sorb hydrogen during charging of said electrochemical cell and desorb hydrogen during discharging of said electrochemical cell;'} 'i. wherein an additive is provided in said electrolyte to form primary vanadate ions upon dissociation of said additive in said electrolyte.', 'c. an electrolyte;'}3. An electrochemical cell , the electrochemical cell comprising:a. a positive electrode; 'i. wherein said alloy has a composition comprising V and Cr; and', 'b. a negative electrode, said negative electrode having an alloy that is configured to sorb hydrogen during charging of said electrochemical cell and desorb hydrogen ...

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Номер записи: 89
20-01-2022 дата публикации

Methods and systems for fuel production

Номер: US20220018029A1
Автор: Robert McGinnis
Принадлежит: Prometheus Fuels Inc

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for producing carbon products via electrochemical reduction from fluid streams containing a carbon-containing material, such as, for example, carbon dioxide. Electrochemical reduction systems and methods of the present disclosure may comprise micro- or nanostructured membranes for separation and catalytic processes. The electrochemical reduction systems and methods may utilize renewable energy sources to generate a carbon product comprising one or more carbon atoms (C1+ product), such as, for example, fuel. This may be performed at substantially low (or nearly zero) net or negative carbon emissions.

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Номер записи: 90
20-01-2022 дата публикации

Electrode For Electrolysis

Номер: US20220018032A1
Автор: Bang Yong Ju, Eom Hee Jun, Hwang Gyo Hyun, Jung Jong Wook, Jung Sang Yun, Kim Myung Hun, Kim Yeon Yi, Lee Dong Chul
Принадлежит: LG CHEM, LTD.

The present invention provides an electrode for electrolysis in which a planarized metal substrate having a mesh structure such that the aspect ratio of an individual cross-section of a wire constituting the mesh structure is 120% or greater is used to increase the surface area of a coating layer, thereby increasing adhesion to a membrane and gas trap is reduced to reduce overvoltage. 1. An electrode for electrolysis comprising:A metal substrate layer having a mesh structure; andA coating layer including a ruthenium-based oxide, a cerium-based oxide, a platinum-based oxide, and an amine-based compound, wherein the coating layer is formed on the surface of a wire constituting the mesh structure, and an individual cross-section of the wire has an aspect ratio of 120% or greater.2. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein the aspect ratio is 120-180%.3. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein a metal of the metal substrate layer is one of nickel claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , or an alloy thereof.4. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the metal substrate layer is 100-300 μm.5. A method for manufacturing an electrode for electrolysis claim 1 , comprising:Planarizing a metal substrate having a mesh structure such that an aspect ratio of an individual cross-section of a wire constituting the mesh structure is 120% or greater;Applying a coating composition on a surface of the wire of the planarized metal substrate; andPerforming coating by drying and firing the metal substrate applied with the coating composition,Wherein the coating composition includes a ruthenium-based precursor, a cerium-based precursor, a platinum-based precursor, and an amine-based compound.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the planarizing is performed by roll-pressing or chemical etching.7. The method of claim ...

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Номер записи: 91
10-01-2019 дата публикации

Brush with Fluid Delivery

Номер: US20190008271A1
Автор: BLOCH Brian, Gatzemeyer John, Gontarz Gerald, Hohlbein Douglas, JOHANSSON Patrick, KHAN Najma, WAINLESS Daniel
Принадлежит: Colgate-Palmolive Company

A toothbrush includes a handle, a head at a distal end of the handle comprising a bristle plate, a hole extending through the bristle plate, a plurality of bristles at least partially disposed in the hole and extending from the hole in a direction away from the head, and a reservoir in fluid communication with the hole. Fluid in the reservoir enters the tuft holes and is wicked out of the head of the toothbrushes by capillaries formed between the bristles. 1. A toothbrush comprising:a handle;a head at a distal end of the handle and comprising a bristle plate;a hole extending through the bristle plate;a plurality of bristles at least partially disposed in the hole and extending from the hole in a direction away from the head; anda reservoir in fluid communication with the hole.2. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bristles comprise a bristle tuft.3. (canceled)4. The toothbrush of any claim 1 , further comprising a conduit fluidly connecting the reservoir to the hole.5. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the reservoir is disposed in the handle.6. The toothbrush of claim 1 , further comprising a valve disposed between the reservoir and the hole.7. The toothbrush of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bristles is supported on a melt matte disposed on a side of the top surface opposite a side from which the plurality of bristles extend.8. The toothbrush of claim 7 , wherein the melt matte is porous and the melt matte is in fluid communication with the reservoir.9. The toothbrush of claim 1 , further comprising a dentifrice or other oral care fluid in the cavity.10. (canceled)11. The toothbrush of claim 1 , further comprising a wick disposed in the reservoir.12. The toothbrush of claim 11 , wherein the wick extends into the handle.13. The toothbrush of claim 11 , wherein the wick is movable between a first position contacting the bristles and a second position spaced from the bristles.14. The toothbrush of claim 11 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 92
12-01-2017 дата публикации

MULTILAYER ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL TECHNOLOGY USING SOL-GEL PROCESSING APPLIED TO CERAMIC OXYGEN GENERATOR

Номер: US20170009355A1
Автор: Chandran Ravi S., Klein Lisa, Mege Sandra
Принадлежит: Chemionic Labs & Consulting

An electrochemical cell that receives an inlet stream of air and produces an outlet stream of a high oxygen concentration of gas. The cell is made up of a plurality of layers and preferably a porous electrolyte comprised of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) that allows only oxygen ions to pass therethrough and which is covered on its sides with electrodes comprised of lanthanum strontium manganate (LSM) which in turn are coated with a layer of platinum to aid in the even distribution of the electrical current. An electrical current is passed through the electrodes to produce a voltage difference therebetween. The layers of YSZ and LSM are formed by a sol-gel process. 1. An electrochemical oxygen cell for producing a gas having a high oxygen concentration , said electrochemical oxygen cell comprising a substrate , an anodic electrode layer of lanthanum strontium manganate covering said substrate , an electrolyte layer comprised of yttria stabilized zirconia covering said anodic electrode layer , and a cathodic electrode layer of lanthanum strontium manganate covering said electrolyte layer , said electrochemical cell having an inlet for air to enter said electrochemical oxygen cell through said cathodic electrode layer and an outlet for the high oxygen concentration gas to emerge from said electrochemical cell from said anodic electrode , said anodic electrode layer and said cathodic electrode layer adapted to be connected to a source of electrical energy to cause the flow of air through said electrochemical cell.2. An electrochemical oxygen cell as defined in wherein said cathodic and anodic electrodes are about 20 microns in thickness.3. An electrochemical oxygen cell as defined in wherein said lanthanum strontium manganate layers are applied by the sol-gel process.4. An electrochemical oxygen cell as defined in wherein said substrate is an alumina ceramic material.5. An oxygen generator for producing a gas having a high oxygen concentration claim 1 , said oxygen ...

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Номер записи: 93
12-01-2017 дата публикации

Localized Excess Protons and Methods of Making and Using Same

Номер: US20170009357A1
Автор: James Weifu Lee
Принадлежит: Individual

Localized excess protons are created with an open-circuit water electrolysis process using a pair of anode and cathode electrodes for a special excess proton production and proton-utilization system to treat a substrate material plate/film by forming and using an excess protons-substrate-hydroxyl anions capacitor-like system. The technology enables protonation and/or proton-driven oxidation of plate/film and/or membrane materials in a pure water environment. The present invention represents a remarkable clean “green chemistry” technology that does not require the use of any conventional acid chemicals including nitric and sulfuric acids for the said industrial applications. The application of localized excess protons provides a special energy recycling and renewing technology function to extract latent heat including molecular thermal motion energy at ambient temperature for generating local proton motive force (equivalent to Gibbs free energy) to do useful work such as driving ATP synthesis and proton-driven oxidation of certain substrate metal atoms.

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Номер записи: 94
27-01-2022 дата публикации

CORE-SHELL FE2P@C-FE3C ELECTROCATALYST AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Номер: US20220025533A1
Автор: CAO Liyun, FENG Liangliang, HE Danyang, Huang Jianfeng, LI Shuainan, LIU Qianqian, Zhang Xiao
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst comprises a carbon nanotube as a matrix which is formed by a carbon layer with FeCnano-dots distributed therein, and FeP@C embedded in the carbon nanotube. The FeP@C has a core-shell structure and is formed by coating FeP with carbon. 1. A core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst , comprising:{'sub': '3', 'a carbon nanotube as a matrix which is formed by a carbon layer with FeCnanodots distributed therein; and'}{'sub': '2', 'FeP@C embedded in the carbon nanotube,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the FeP@C has a core-shell structure and is formed by coating FeP with a C layer.'}2. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein in the FeP@C claim 1 , a thickness of the C layer is 2.5 to 3.5 nm claim 1 , and a particle size of the FeP is 12 to 15 nm.3. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of the carbon nanotube is 30 to 40 nm claim 1 , and a wall thickness of the carbon nanotube is 4 to 6 nm.4. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein a particle size of the FeCnanodots is 4 to 6 nm.5. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the content of P in the core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst is 2.07 at %.6. A preparation method of the core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': 3', '2', '2', '4', '4, '(1) dissolving FeCl.6HO, CHN, and F127 in a solvent to form a mixed solution, and then removing the solvent by drying, to obtain a powder;'}{'sub': 2', '3, '(2) putting the powder and sodium hypophosphite separately in different places of a porcelain boat, and under a protective atmosphere, first heating them at 300 to 500° C. for 1 to 3 hours, and then heating them at 700 to 900° C. for 1 to 3 hours, to obtain the core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst.'}7. The preparation method of claim 6 ,{'sub': 3', '2', '2', ' ...

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Номер записи: 95
14-01-2016 дата публикации

LITHIUM NIOBITE COMPOSITIONS, SYNTHESES, DEVICES, AND STRUCTURES

Номер: US20160010221A1
Автор: Doolittle William Alan, Fabien Chloe A. M., Greenlee Jordan Douglas, Gunning Brendan Patrick, JR. Marshall B., Shank Joshua C., Tellekamp
Принадлежит:

Metal oxide structures, devices, and fabrication methods are provided. In addition, applications of such structures, devices, and methods are provided. In some embodiments, an oxide material can include a substrate and a single-crystal epitaxial layer of an oxide composition disposed on a surface of the substrate, where the oxide composition is represented by ABOsuch that A is a lithium cation, B is a cation selected from the group consisting of trivalent transition metal cations, trivalent lanthanide cations, trivalent actinide cations, trivalent p-block cations, and combinations thereof, and O is an oxygen anion. The ABOcan be a high purity ABO, with less than 1 atom % each of sodium, carbon, boron, and fluorine. The ABOcan be prepared by a liquid phase electro-epitaxy using a molten solution of a metal oxide and LiBO. 1. A composition comprising LiNbO , wherein the LiNbOis at least 98% pure.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the LiNbOis crystalline.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the LiNbOis at least 99% pure.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the LiNbOis at least 99.5% pure.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the LiNbOcomprises less than 1 atom % of each of Na claim 1 , C claim 1 , F claim 1 , or B.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the LiNbOcomprises less than 0.5 atom % of each of Na claim 1 , C claim 1 , F claim 1 , or B.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the LiNbOcomprises less than 0.1 atom % of each of Na or C.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the LiNbOcomprises less than 0.1 atom % of each of F or B.9. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the full width at half maximum for symmetric XRD double crystal diffraction was less than 400 arc seconds.10. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the full width at half maximum for symmetric XRD double crystal diffraction was less than 300 arc seconds.11. A method of growing crystalline LiNbO claim 2 , comprising{'sub': 2', '5', '2, 'inserting a cathode into a molten solution, the ...

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Номер записи: 96
14-01-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HYDRIDE OF AROMATIC COMPOUND

Номер: US20160010223A1
Автор: Kobori Yoshihiro, MIYOSHI Kota, NAKAGAWA Kojiro, Sato Yasushi
Принадлежит: JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

An electrochemical reduction device includes an electrode unit, a power control unit, an organic material storage tank, a concentration measurement unit, a water storage tank, a gas-water separation unit, and a control unit. The electrode unit includes an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The control unit controls the power control unit so as to satisfy a relation of V−V≦V≦Vwhen the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, the standard redox potential of the aromatic compound, and the potential of the reduction electrode are expressed as V, V, and V, respectively. Vis adjusted according to the concentration of the aromatic compound measured by the concentration measurement unit. 1. An electrochemical reduction device comprising:an electrode unit configured to include an electrolyte membrane having ionic conductivity, a reduction electrode that is provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane and that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode that is provided on the other side of the electrolyte membrane;a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode;a concentration measurement unit that measures a concentration of an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode;{'sub': HER', 'allow', 'CA', 'TRR', 'CA', 'HER', 'TRR', 'CA', 'allow, 'a control unit that controls the power control unit so as to satisfy a relation of V−V≦V≦Vwhen a potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, a standard redox potential of the aromatic compound, a potential of the reduction electrode, and a potential difference for setting a lower limit potential used for determining a lower limit acceptable potential of the potential Vare expressed as V, V, V, and V, respectively; and'}{'sub': CA', 'allow, 'a lower limit potential setting unit that determines a lower limit of the ...

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Номер записи: 97
14-01-2016 дата публикации

CURRENT DENSITY DISTRIBUTOR FOR USE IN AN ELECTRODE

Номер: US20160010227A1
Автор: Alvarez Gallego Yolanda, Bouwman Bert, Dominguez Benetton, Pant Deepak, Xochitl
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a mesh-shaped, porous electric current density distributor for use with an electrode, the current density distributor being adapted for providing electric current to an active layer of the electrode, which active layer is provided to contact a face of the current density distributor, wherein the current density distributor comprises a porous mesh having a plurality of electrically conductive paths, wherein at least part of the electrically conductive paths extend along a direction of major current flow over the current density distributor. The porous mesh comprises in a direction crosswise to the direction of major electric current flow, a plurality of first paths of an electric insulator. The current carrying capacity of the current density distributor in crosswise direction to the major current flow over the current density distributor is smaller than the current carrying capacity in the direction along the major current flow over the current density distributor. 1. A mesh-shaped , porous electric current density distributor for use with an electrode having an active surface , the current density distributor being adapted for providing electric current to an active layer of the electrode , which active layer is provided to contact a face of the current density distributor , wherein electric current flows along a major direction of current flow along the current density distributor ,wherein the current density distributor comprises a porous mesh having a plurality of electrically conductive paths,wherein at least part of the electrically conductive paths extend along a direction of major current flow over the current density distributor, whereinthe porous mesh consists in a direction crosswise to the direction of major electric current flow, at least partly of a plurality of first paths of an electric insulator, and in that the current carrying capacity of the current density distributor in crosswise direction to the major current ...

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Номер записи: 98
14-01-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROCATALYST FOR HYDROGEN EVOLUTION AND OXIDATION REACTIONS

Номер: US20160010228A1
Автор: Chen Jingguang, Hutchings Gregory S., Jiao Feng, Lu Qi
Принадлежит:

A metallic alloy includes Cu and one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn, wherein the alloy has a surface in the form of a vermiculated arrangement of irregular, nanoporous lands separated by troughs or channels. It can be made by contacting a precursor alloy including Cu, M and Al with a caustic liquid under conditions sufficient to remove the Al. Or, a metallic alloy includes Cu and one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn, wherein the one or more metals M in total constitute in a range of 3 at. % to 7 at. %, relative to the total of Cu and M. Both types of alloy can be used as an electrocatalyst in a water electrolyzer or a hydrogen fuel cell. 1. A metallic alloy comprising Cu and one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ti , V , Cr , Mn , Fe , Co , Ni and Zn , wherein the alloy has a surface in the form of a vermiculated arrangement of irregular , nanoporous lands or ridges separated by troughs or channels.2. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein M comprises Ti.3. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein M comprises Ni.4. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein M comprises Co.5. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy consists of Cu and Ti.6. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metals M in total constitute in a range of 1 at. % to 15 at. % claim 1 , relative to the total of Cu and M.7. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metals M in total constitute in a range of 2 at. % to 8 at. % claim 1 , relative to the total of Cu and M.8. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metals M in total constitute in a range of 3 at. % to 7 at. % claim 1 , relative to the total of Cu and M.9. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises Al.10. The metallic alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy consists of Cu claim 1 , Ti and Al.11. A method of producing the metallic alloy of ...

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Номер записи: 99
14-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING BIMETAL CATALYST PARTICLES MADE OF PLATINUM AND OF ANOTHER METAL AND USE THEREOF IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD

Номер: US20160010229A1
Автор: Guillet Nicolas, NGAMENI JIEMBOU Joseph
Принадлежит:

A process for the synthesis of particles of bimetal catalyst based on platinum and on at least one second metal comprises the chemical reduction of a first platinum-based salt or complex and of at least one second salt or complex based on the second metal, the chemical reduction comprising the following stages: the preparation of a mixture comprising the first platinum-based salt or complex and the second salt or complex based on the second metal, in the presence of a pure reducing agent in the liquid form under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, the conditions being respectively defined as equal to 25° C. and 100 kPa; bringing the mixture to a temperature between approximately the freezing temperature of water and the freezing temperature of the reducing agent. 1. A process for the synthesis of particles of bimetal catalyst based on platinum and on at least one second metal , comprising chemical reduction of a first platinum-based salt or complex and of at least one second salt or complex based on said second metal , said chemical reduction comprising the following stages:preparing a mixture comprising said first platinum-based salt or complex and said second salt or complex based on said second metal, in the presence of a pure reducing agent in the liquid form under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, said conditions being respectively defined as equal to 25° C. and 100 kPa; andbringing said mixture to a temperature between approximately the freezing temperature of water and the freezing temperature of the reducing agent.2. The process for the synthesis of particles of bimetal catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is formic acid claim 1 , the bringing to a temperature being carried out between approximately 0° C. and 8° C.3. The process for the synthesis of particles of bimetal catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is hydrazine (NH) claim 1 , the bringing to a temperature being carried out between ...

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Номер записи: 100