Low Temperature Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Cells Having High Ionic Conductivity

Some embodiments of the present invention provide solid oxide cells and components thereof having a metal oxide electrolyte that exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity. Certain of those embodiments have two materials, at least one of which is a metal oxide, disposed so that at least some interfaces between the domains of the materials orient in a direction substantially parallel to the desired ionic conductivity.

FUEL-CELL SYSTEMS OPERABLE IN MULTIPLE MODES FOR VARIABLE PROCESSING OF FEEDSTOCK MATERIALS AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

Fuel cells for selectively reacting a feedstock material with or without generating electricity, and associated systems and methods are disclosed. A fuel cell system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a first electrode positioned in a first region, a second electrode positioned in a second region, an ion-transport medium between the first and second regions, and an electrical circuit connected between the first and second electrodes. The system is operable in a first mode to react the feedstock material by a non-electricity-generating reaction to produce a product and in a second mode to react the feedstock material by an electricity-generating reaction to produce electricity. A controller receives an input (e.g., corresponding to a change in demand for electricity) and causes the system to switch between operating in the first mode and operating in the second mode in response to the input. 1. A fuel-cell system , comprising:a first electrode positioned in a first region of the system, the first region positioned to receive a feedstock material;a second electrode positioned in a second region of the system;an ion-transport medium positioned between the first and second regions;an electrical circuit extending between the first and second electrodes; anda controller including memory and processing circuitry, the system is operable in a first mode to react the feedstock material by a non-electricity-generating reaction to produce a product,', 'the system is operable in a second mode to react the feedstock material by an electricity-generating reaction to produce electricity, and', 'the memory stores non-transitory instructions that, when executed by the controller using the processing circuitry, cause the system to switch between operating in the first mode and operating in the second mode in response to an input corresponding to a change in demand for electricity, a change in demand for the product, or both., 'wherein—'}2. The system of claim 1 , ...

FUEL CELL SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ENERGY AND WATER

Fuel cell systems aboard means of transport can be used for generating energy and for producing water. In order to reduce the overall weight of the system, the fuel cell is controlled or regulated in dependence on a current fill level or a limit level of the water tank, as well as a predicted future water consumption. In this way, it may be possible to minimize the water quantity to be stored in the water tank. 1. A fuel cell system for generating electric energy and water for use aboard a means of transport , with the fuel cell system comprising:a fuel cell;a water tank for storing water delivered by the fuel cell;a control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the fuel cell in dependence on a current fill level or limit level of the water tank and on a predicted future water consumption.2. The fuel cell system of claim 1 ,wherein the control or regulating device is furthermore configured for controlling or regulating the fuel cell in dependence on a previous water consumption.3. The fuel cell system of claim 1 ,wherein the control or regulating device comprises a fill level control or regulating device with a fill level sensor or a limit level sensor for determining a fill level or a limit level in the water tank.4. The fuel cell system of claim 1 ,wherein the control or regulating device is configured for controlling or regulating the fuel cell with consideration of a current flight phase.5. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , furthermore comprising:a condensation device for condensing the water delivered by the fuel cell before the water is fed to the tank;wherein the control or regulating device is configured for controlling or regulating the fuel cell with consideration of a current efficiency of the condensation device.6. The fuel cell system of claim 5 ,wherein the control or regulating device comprises a performance demand signal control configured for determining a nominal value for the water production rate of the fuel cell with consideration ...

HYDROMAGNETIC DESALINATION CELL WITH RARE EARTH MAGNETS

A hydromagnetic desalination cell including at least one hollow rectangular flow conduit, a first rectangular magnet and a second rectangular magnet each having a north pole face and a south pole face opposite of each other, wherein the first and second rectangular magnets are disposed along a longitudinal axis and on opposite sides of the rectangular flow conduit, a first opening and a second opening on opposite walls of the rectangular flow conduit extending between the first and second rectangular magnets, and a first and second chamber fluidly connected to the first and second openings. A hydromagnetic desalination system and methods of desalinating brine water with the hydromagnetic desalination system are also disclosed. 1. A hydromagnetic desalination cell , comprising:a plurality of stacked hollow rectangular flow conduits with each conduit having a conduit inlet on a first end and a conduit outlet on a second end, wherein the hollow rectangular flow conduits are made of a non-magnetic and non-conductive material;a first rectangular magnet and a second rectangular magnet each having a north pole face and a south pole face opposite of each other,wherein the first rectangular magnet and the second rectangular magnet are independently selected from the group consisting of a neodymium iron boride magnet and a samarium cobalt magnet,wherein the first and second rectangular magnets are disposed along a longitudinal axis and on opposite sides of the stacked rectangular flow conduits such that the north pole face of the first rectangular magnet contacts a first face of the stacked rectangular flow conduits and the south pole face of the second rectangular magnet contacts a second face of the stacked rectangular flow conduits conduits, and the first and the second rectangular magnets provide a magnetic field that extends between the magnets;a first opening and a second opening on opposite walls of the stacked rectangular flow conduits extending between the first and ...

WATER SPLITTING CATALYST CONTAINING Mn4CaO4 CORE STRUCTURE, PREPARATION PROCESS AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention provides a process for preparing a water splitting catalyst containing [MnCaO] core structure and use thereof. The present invention provides clusters containing [MnCaO] core structure by a chemical synthesis using inexpensive metal ions (Mn, Ca ions), simple carboxyl ligands and a permanganate, performed single crystal X-ray diffraction on their space structure, and characterized their physical and chemical properties with electron spectrum, electrochemical and electron paramagnetic resonance technologies and the like. These compounds can catalyze water splitting in the presence of oxidant to release oxygen and can also catalyze water splitting on the surface of an electrode to release electrons onto the surface of the electrode to form a current. 2. The compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that the valence states of the four Mn ions are +3 claim 1 , +3 claim 1 , +4 and +4 respectively claim 1 , and the whole cluster is electrically neutral.3. The compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that the carboxylic acid anion (RCO—) is selected from the group consisting of formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , propionic acid claim 1 , butyric acid claim 1 , isobutyric acid claim 1 , valeric acid claim 1 , isovaleric acid claim 1 , pivalic acid claim 1 , hexanoic acid and other carboxylic acid anions; that is claim 1 , Rcan be hydrogen (H) claim 1 , methyl (—CH) claim 1 , ethyl (—CH) claim 1 , n-propyl (—CHCHCH) claim 1 , isopropyl (—CH(CH)) claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , isobutyl claim 1 , tert-butyl (—C(CH)) claim 1 , n-pentyl (—(CH)CH) claim 1 , and isopentyl (—CH(CH)CH).4. The compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that the compound is selected from any of the following compounds:{'sub': 4', '4', '1', '2', '8', '1', '2', '3', '1', '1', '2', '3, '[MnCaO(RCO)](L)(L)(L), wherein R=tert-butyl; L=pyridine; L=L=pivalic acid;'}{'sub': 4', '4', '1', '2', '8', '1', '2', '3', '1', '1', '2', '3, '[MnCaO(RCO)](L)(L)(L), wherein ...

Low Temperature Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Cells Having High Ionic Conductivity

Methods for forming a metal oxide electrolyte improve ionic conductivity. Some of those methods involve applying a first metal compound to a substrate, converting that metal compound to a metal oxide, applying a different metal compound to the metal oxide, and converting the different metal compound to form a second metal oxide. Electrolytes so formed can be used in solid oxide fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors, among other applications. 115.-. (canceled)16. A solid oxide cell , comprising:an inner tubular electrode having an outer surface; an outer electrode; anda metal oxide electrolyte adapted to provide ionic conductivity between the inner tubular electrode and the outer electrode;wherein the metal oxide electrolyte comprises a plurality of thin sheets orientedsubstantially perpendicular to the outer surface of the inner tubular electrode, and a metal oxide contacting the thin sheets;wherein the thin sheets are mica.17. The solid oxide cell of claim 16 , wherein the solid oxide cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.18. The solid oxide cell of claim 16 , wherein the metal oxide comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia.19. The solid oxide cell of claim 18 , wherein the yttria-stabilized zirconia comprises from about 10 mol % to about 20 mol % yttria.20. The solid oxide cell of claim 18 , wherein the yttria-stabilized zirconia comprises from about 12 mol % to about 18 mol % yttria.21. The solid oxide cell of claim 18 , wherein the yttria-stabilized zirconia comprises from about 14 mol % to about 16 mol % yttria.22. The solid oxide cell of claim 16 , wherein the metal oxide electrolyte comprises at least one catalytic material chosen from platinum claim 16 , palladium claim 16 , rhodium claim 16 , nickel claim 16 , cerium claim 16 , gold claim 16 , silver claim 16 , zinc claim 16 , lead claim 16 , ruthenium claim 16 , rhenium claim 16 , or a mixture thereof.23. The solid oxide cell of claim 16 , wherein the outer electrode is an outer tubular electrode.24. The solid ...

Fuel cell system for generating energy and water

Fuel cell systems aboard means of transport can be used for generating energy and for producing water. In order to reduce the overall weight of the system, the fuel cell is controlled or regulated in dependence on a current fill level or a limit level of the water tank, as well as a predicted future water consumption. In this way, it may be possible to minimize the water quantity to be stored in the water tank.

Hybrid battery and electrolyser

The invention provides a method of storing varying or intermittent electrical energy and one or more of hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) with an energy apparatus, the method comprising: providing the first cell aqueous liquid, the second cell aqueous liquid, and electrical power from an external power source to the functional unit thereby providing an electrically charged functional battery unit and one or more of hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) stored in said storage system, wherein during at least part of a charging time the functional unit is charged at a potential difference between the first cell electrode and the second cell electrode of more than 1.37 V.

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRESSURIZED GASEOUS HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS THEN DEPOLARIZATION

An electrochemical process comprises a step Eof electrolysis of an electrolyte in order to produce gaseous oxygen and a step of converting oxidation-reduction chemical energy into electrical energy with production of H. The electrolyte comprises M ions of a metal M corresponding to the redox pair (M/M), and A ions of a depolarization additive A corresponding to a redox pair (A/A). Current is supplied between the anode and the cathode, A and M are deposited on the cathode respectively in the form of A and M during the electrolysis and gaseous oxygen is released at the anode. The supply of current between the anode and the cathode is then cut off. Depolarization occurs corresponding to the conversion step C°, with production of Hand dissolution of M and A into M and A at the electrode acting as the cathode during step Eand the produced His collected. 1. Electrochemical process for the production of pressurized gaseous hydrogen , characterized in that it consists essentially of implementing , in at least one chamber , at least one step Eof electrolysis of an electrolyte comprising at least one solvent , preferably aqueous , this electrolysis step Econverting electrical energy into chemical energy , with production of gaseous oxygen in a chamber E , and at least one step C° of converting this chemical energy into oxidation-reduction energy with production of gaseous hydrogen in a closed chamber C° that is identical to or different from , preferably identical to , chamber E; [{'sup': m+', 'm+', 'a+', 'a+, 'claim-text': [{'sub': th', '2', 'th', 'th', '2', '2', 'th, 'sup': +', 'm+', 'm+, 'the absolute value of the overvoltage of the hydrogen evolution reaction on the metal M is greater than the difference E(H/H)−E(M/M) in acidic medium and than the difference E(HO/H)−E(M/M) in basic medium;'}, {'sub': th', 'th', '2, 'sup': a+', '+, 'E(A/A) Подробнее

SEPARATION AND CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO SYNGAS USING A POROUS CERAMIC DUAL MEMBRANE IN A THERMO-ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR

A thermo-electrochemical reactive capture apparatus includes an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode includes a first catalyst, wherein the cathode includes a second catalyst, a porous ceramic support positioned between the anode and the cathode, an electrolyte mixture in pores of the ceramic support, and a steam flow system on an outer side of the cathode. The outer side of the cathode is opposite an inner side of the cathode and the inner side of the cathode is adjacent to the ceramic support. In addition, the electrolyte mixture is configured to be molten at a temperature below about 600° C. 1. A thermo-electrochemical reactive capture apparatus , the apparatus comprising:an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode includes a first catalyst, wherein the cathode includes a second catalyst;a porous ceramic support positioned between the anode and the cathode;an electrolyte mixture in pores of the ceramic support, wherein the electrolyte mixture is configured to be molten at a temperature below about 600 degrees Celsius; anda steam flow system on an outer side of the cathode, wherein the outer side of the cathode is opposite an inner side of the cathode, wherein the inner side of the cathode is adjacent to the ceramic support.2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst is configured for an oxygen evolution reaction and the second catalyst is configured for a hydrogen evolution reaction.3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst is configured for a carbon dioxide reduction reaction.4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cathode is configured to generate syngas upon energization thereof and contact with carbon dioxide claim 1 , wherein the syngas comprises carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas.5. The apparatus as recited in claim 4 , wherein the apparatus is operable to generate the syngas at temperatures in a range of about 150 degrees Celsius to about 400 degrees Celsius.6. The apparatus as recited in ...

BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM HAVING POLYVALENT ION REMOVING FUNCTION

The present invention provides a bioelectrochemical system for removing a polyvalent ion present in seawater etc., capable of producing electricity. The bioelectrochemical system according to the present invention comprises: an anode chamber comprising an anode which accommodates an electron produced when treating an organic material in wastewater with a microorganism; a cathode chamber comprising a cathode receiving the electron from the anode, for producing a hydroxide ion by reacting the electron with oxygen and water provided from the outside, and depositing the polyvalent ion inside an electrolyte by using the hydroxide ion; and an anion exchange membrane for blocking the polyvalent ion inside the electrolyte from moving to the anode chamber. Also, the present invention provides the bioelectrochemical system capable of removing the polyvalent ion present in seawater etc., and simultaneously producing hydrogen. The present invention comprises: the anode chamber, provided with the anode to which electrochemically active bacteria are attached, for producing the electron by having organic wastewater, as a substrate, injected thereto; the cathode chamber, provided with the cathode, for removing the polyvalent ion and simultaneously producing a hydrogen gas by having seawater, as an electrolyte, injected thereto; the anion exchange membrane for separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber and preventing the polyvalent cation in seawater from moving to the anode chamber; and a power source connected between the anode and the cathode. 1. A bioelectrochemical system , comprising:an anode chamber housing an anode that accepts electrons generated when organic matter of wastewater is treated by microorganisms;a cathode chamber housing a cathode that receives the electrons from the anode and at which the electrons moving from the anode chamber react with externally fed oxygen and water to produce hydroxide ions which, in turn, precipitate polyvalent ions of an ...

Method and device for using co2 mineralization to produce sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate and output electric energy

Disclosed are a method and device for using CO 2 mineralization to produce sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate and output electric energy. The device comprises an anode area, an intermediate area, and a cathode area. The anode area and the intermediate area are spaced by a negative ion exchange membrane ( 2 ). The intermediate area and the cathode area are spaced by a positive ion exchange membrane ( 3 ). The anode area, the intermediate area, and the cathode area can accommodate corresponding electrolytes. An anode electrode ( 1 ) is disposed in the anode area, a cathode electrode ( 4 ) is disposed in the cathode area, and the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are connected through a circuit. A raw material hydrogen gas inlet is disposed in the anode area, and a CO 2 inlet and a product hydrogen gas outlet are disposed in the cathode area. The method is based on the principle of CO 2 mineralization and utilization, combines the membrane electrolysis technology, facilitates spontaneous reaction by using the acidity of CO 2 and the alkalinity of the reaction solution and realizes separation of the products, and converts through a membrane electrolysis apparatus the energy released by the reaction into electric energy at the same time when producing the sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate and outputs the electric energy. The method and device have low energy consumption, high utilization rate of raw materials and little environmental pollution, and can output electric energy while producing sodium carbonate at the same time.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR USING POTABLE WATER, WITH OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN RELEASE

An electricity generator utilizing drinking water which discharges oxygen and hydrogen based on the differential electronegativity phenomenon of chemical elements, and which uses drinkable water to transfer the electrical loads. By using electrodes having a particular physical structures and which is made of different materials, and which also uses a condenser, an alternative impulse generator and a doubler or a voltage multiplier, stronger power is achieved. In this process, water electrolysis takes place concomitantly wherein gas bubbles appear in the two electrodes. Oxygen is discharged to the anode which is made of an aluminum electrode, and hydrogen is discharged to the cathode which is made of a copper electrode. With a larger generator, oxygen and hydrogen gases may be collected and used to produce heat energy. In the agriculture, medicine, household and other related industries, the electricity generator may also be used. 1. An electricity generator utilizing drinkable water comprising;a container;an electrical insulator container split into several compartments air-sealed between them, each of the several compartment being filled with drinkable water;wherein the interior of each of the several compartments comprising at least one pair of concentric electrodes made from different metals or metal alloys with a high electronegativity difference;wherein the electrodes are connected in series or in parallel;wherein at the container's exit point comprises an electrolytic condenser connected to an impulse generator or an oscillator and connected to a doubler or a voltage multiplier.2. The generator according to claim 1 , further comprising six pairs of metallic electrodes claim 1 , each of the six pairs of metallic electrodes comprising an electrode made from aluminum and an electrode made from copper.3. The generator according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the six pair of metallic electrodes comprises electrodes made from several layers of jagged ...

HYDROMAGNETIC DESALINATION CELL, BRINE DESALINATION SYSTEM, AND METHOD OF DESALINATING BRINE WATER USING THE DESALINATION CELL

A hydromagnetic desalination cell including at least one hollow rectangular flow conduit, a first rectangular magnet and a second rectangular magnet each having a north pole face and a south pole face opposite of each other, wherein the first and second rectangular magnets are disposed along a longitudinal axis and on opposite sides of the rectangular flow conduit, a first opening and a second opening on opposite walls of the rectangular flow conduit extending between the first and second rectangular magnets, and a first and second chamber fluidly connected to the first and second openings. A hydromagnetic desalination system and methods of desalinating brine water with the hydromagnetic desalination system are also disclosed. 1: A hydromagnetic desalination cell , comprising:at least one hollow rectangular flow conduit with a conduit inlet on a first end and a conduit outlet on a second end;a first rectangular magnet and a second rectangular magnet each having a north pole face and a south pole face opposite of each other, wherein the first and second rectangular magnets are disposed along a longitudinal axis and on opposite sides of the rectangular flow conduit such that the north pole face of the first rectangular magnet contacts the rectangular flow conduit and the south pole face of the second rectangular magnet contacts the rectangular flow conduit;a first opening and a second opening on opposite walls of the rectangular flow conduit extending between the first and second rectangular magnets;a first chamber fluidly connected to the first opening of the rectangular flow conduit; anda second chamber fluidly connected to the second opening of the rectangular flow conduit;wherein the first and second rectangular magnets generate a magnetic field that causes cations to flow from the first opening of the rectangular flow conduit to the first chamber, and anions to flow from the second opening of the rectangular flow conduit to the second chamber.2: The hydromagnetic ...

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE NANOFIBERS FOR POLYMER MEMBRANE-BASED ELECTROLYSIS

The invention preferably relates to an electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen with a layer system comprising at least one pair of catalytically active layers between which a polymer membrane is arranged, wherein the layer system comprises electrically conductive ceramic or metallic nanofibers. In particular, the layer system comprises a pair of catalytically active layers, as well as transport layers close to the anode and/or close to the cathode, wherein the pair of catalytically active layers comprises catalytically active nanoparticles, and wherein, in order to increase in-plane conductivity or connectivity of the catalytically active nanoparticles, an intermediate layer comprising ceramic or metallic nanofibers is present between one of the catalytically active layers and one of the transport layers, or metallic or ceramic nanofibers are present within one of the catalytically active layers in addition to the catalytically active nanoparticles. The nanofibers can themselves be catalytically active or catalytically inactive. 1. Electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen with a layer system comprising at least one pair of catalytically active layers between which a polymer membrane is arranged , wherein the layer system comprises the following layers:a pair of catalytically active layers to form an anode and a cathode, andan anode-side transport layer and/or a cathode-side transport layer, (i) an intermediate layer comprising ceramic or metallic nanofibers is present between one of the catalytically active layers and a transport layer, or', '(ii) wherein ceramic or metallic nanofibers are present within one of the catalytically active layers in addition to the catalytically active nanoparticles,, 'wherein the pair of catalytically active layers comprises catalytically active nanoparticles and wherein to improve connectivity of the catalytically active nanoparticleswherein the nanoparticles exhibit a maximum dimension of 1 nm-1000 nm and a ...

ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING STERILIZING AGENT OR DETERGENT, AND ELECTROLYSIS METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to a device and method for producing a sterilizing agent or detergent according to an additive. Specifically, the present invention relates to an electrolysis device including an additive vessel in which an additive to be used for electrolysis is put and a non-membrane electrolytic bath in which the electrolysis is performed, and for the electrolysis, water containing chloride ion (Cl—), sodium chloride (NaCl), and an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution are electrolyzed in a non-membrane electrolytic bath. 1. An electrolysis device comprising:an additive vessel configured to put an additive for electrolysis; andan electrolytic bath in which the electrolysis is performed,wherein, for the electrolysis, the water containing chlorideion (Cl—), chloridesodium (NaCl) and aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) is put in a non-membrane electrolytic bath.2. The electrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , for the electrolysis claim 1 , a pH value of an electrolysis product varies according to the additive.3. The electrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , for the electrolysis claim 1 , according to the additive claim 1 , hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced claim 1 , or hydroxide potassium (KOH) is produced.4. An electrolysis method for selectively producing a sterilizing agent or detergent using electrolysis claim 1 , the electrolysis method comprising:putting water containing chloride ion (Cl—), sodium chloride (NaCl), and an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution in a non-membrane electrolytic bath;putting an additive; andsupplying electric power to the electrode provided in the non-membrane electrolytic bath,wherein a pH value of an electrolysis product varies according to the additive.5. The electrolysis method of claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , for the electrolysis claim 4 , according to the additive claim 4 , hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced claim 4 , or hydroxide potassium (KOH) is produced. The present invention relates to an ...

REACTOR, PROCESS, AND SYSTEM FOR THE OXIDATION OF GASEOUS STREAMS

A reactor and process capable of concurrently producing electric power and selectively oxidizing gaseous components in a feed stream, such as hydrocarbons to unsaturated products, which are useful intermediates in the production of liquid fuels. The reactor includes an oxidation membrane, a reduction membrane, an electron barrier, and a conductor. The oxidation membrane and reduction membrane include an MIEC oxide. The electron barrier, located between the oxidation membrane and the reduction membrane, is configured to allow transmission of oxygen anions from the reduction membrane to the oxidation membrane and resist transmission of electrons from the oxidation membrane to the reduction membrane. The conductor conducts electrons from the oxidation membrane to the reduction membrane. 124-. (canceled)25. A method for co-producing unsaturated hydrocarbons and electrical power , the method comprising:{'sub': 6', '8, 'producing electrical power and hydrocarbon products from a feed stream of hydrocarbon gasses by contacting the feed stream of hydrocarbon gasses with a mixed ionic electronic conductive oxidizing agent comprising MgMnOand having a cubic crystal lattice structure,'}wherein contacting the hydrocarbon gasses with the mixed ionic electronic conductive oxidizing agent occurs in a fuel cell device and in substantial absence of molecular oxygen.26. The method for co-producing unsaturated hydrocarbons and electrical power of claim 25 , wherein the mixed ionic electronic conductive oxidizing agent further comprises at least one of NaBMgMnO claim 25 , NaBMnMgO claim 25 , NaMnO claim 25 , LiMnO claim 25 , MgMnBO claim 25 , Mg(BO) claim 25 , or a non-crystalline mixture of compounds comprising oxygen and at least one of sodium claim 25 , boron claim 25 , magnesium claim 25 , manganese claim 25 , and lithium.27. The method for co-producing unsaturated hydrocarbons and electrical power of claim 25 , wherein the mixed ionic electronic conductive oxidizing agent performs ...

Method for decomposing and purifying biomass, organic material or inorganic material with high efficiency and simultaneously generating electricity and producing hydrogen, and direct biomass, organic material or inorganic material fuel cell for said method

[TECHNICAL PROBLEM] The present invention relates to a method for highly efficiently decomposing and purifying biomass, organic/inorganic compounds, waste, waste fluids, and environmental pollutants, by harnessing a catalyst action without applying any light, and simultaneously generate electricity. [SOLUTION TO PROBLEM] In the invention, first provided a composite three-layered anode which has a constitution of conductive electrode base layer, porous semiconductor layer, and catalyst layer, and then immersed the composite anode in a liquid phase such as an aqueous solution or suspension that contains as the fuel at least one of or a mixture of biomass, biomass waste, and organic/inorganic compounds, and a counter cathode is disposed for oxygen reduction in the liquid phase, and oxygen is supplied into the liquid phase and thereby conducted the fuel cell reaction and the fuel is decomposed and electricity is generated without applying external energy.

Stacked hydromagnetic desalination cell

A hydromagnetic desalination cell including at least one hollow rectangular flow conduit, a first rectangular magnet and a second rectangular magnet each having a north pole face and a south pole face opposite of each other, wherein the first and second rectangular magnets are disposed along a longitudinal axis and on opposite sides of the rectangular flow conduit, a first opening and a second opening on opposite walls of the rectangular flow conduit extending between the first and second rectangular magnets, and a first and second chamber fluidly connected to the first and second openings. A hydromagnetic desalination system and methods of desalinating brine water with the hydromagnetic desalination system are also disclosed.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE

The method and system for removing COfrom the atmosphere or the ocean having the steps of, feeding a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system with a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, converting the gaseous hydrocarbon feed in the SOFC system into an anode exhaust stream having carbon dioxide CO, the SOFC system thereby producing electricity; injecting the anode exhaust stream as an injection gas into an underground coal bed; in the underground coal bed the injection gas causing coal bed methane (CBM) to desorb from the coal and COto adsorb onto the coal; extracting the coal bed methane (CBM) from the underground coal bed; and discharging a production gas having the coal bed methane (CBM) from the underground coal bed. 121.-. (canceled)226. A method for removing COfrom the atmosphere or the ocean comprising the steps of , sequestering of carbon dioxide COby a biomass , converting the biomass to biogas , collecting the biogas and purifying the biogas from polluting gases , and feeding the purified biogas as gaseous hydrocarbon feed to a solid oxide fuel cell SOFC system , converting the gaseous hydrocarbon feed in the SOFC system into an anode exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide CO , the SOFC system thereby producing electricity (); injecting the anode exhaust stream as an injection gas into an underground coal bed;{'sub': '2', 'b': '108', 'in the underground coal bed the injection gas causing coal bed methane (CBM) to desorb from the coal and COto adsorb onto the coal; extracting the coal bed methane (CBM) from the underground coal bed; and discharging a production gas () comprising the coal bed methane (CBM) from the underground coal bed,'}{'sub': '2', 'wherein the biogas mainly contains methane with a proportion in the range of about 50-75% and COwith a proportion in the range of about 25%-45%, and contains proportions of other gaseous substances such as water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia and hydrogen.'}23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the purified biogas comprises ...

Systems and methods of production of hydrogen containing compounds using products of fuel cells

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for the production of hydrogen-containing compounds, such as ammonia and urea from a product stream of a fuel cell unit. The production of ammonia and optionally urea can also include a net power production. Alternatively, the hydrogen stream from the fuel cell unit can be directed to the production of synthetic hydrocarbons liquids.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROGEN

The invention relates to an integrated process for continuous production of liquid hydrogen, comprising (a) producing gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis; and (b) liquefying said gaseous hydrogen in a hydrogen liquefaction unit, which liquefaction unit is powered by energy essentially from renewable sources; and, (c) when additional power is needed, using electrical energy generated in a process in which electrical energy and hydrogen are co-generated by an integrated electrolysis process comprising: (d) electrolysing a metal salt or mixture of metal salts and water into the corresponding metal or metals, acid or acids, and oxygen (electricity storage phase), and (e) producing gaseous hydrogen and recovering electricity in a regeneration reaction of the metal (s) and acid(s) of step (d) (regeneration phase); wherein at least part of the gaseous hydrogen generated in step (e) is used in step (b) of the process. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal salt or mixture of metal salt is/are selected from ZnSO claim 1 , MgSO claim 1 , and/or MgCl claim 1 , and the like.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the metal salt is ZnSO.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen and electricity products of step (e) are individually produced as needed “on-demand”.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein additional sources of electricity supply are used as back-up when the renewable power source is not available and/or electricity regenerated in step (e) is not enough.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein gaseous hydrogen is stored after step (e) and before liquefying the hydrogen.7. An integrated system for continuously producing liquid hydrogen claim 1 , comprising an energy inlet for feeding energy from renewable sources into an electrolysis system for co-generation of electrical energy and hydrogen claim 1 , which comprises an energy storage part and a regeneration part claim 1 , wherein the regeneration part of the electrolysis system has an outlet for hydrogen that is ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE AND ELECTRICITY FROM A GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FEED

A method and system for producing carbon dioxide and electricity from a gaseous hydrocarbon feed using a solid oxide fuel cell, a water-gas shift reactor and a reformer. 1. A method for producing concentrated carbon dioxide and electricity from a gaseous hydrocarbon feed using a solid oxide fuel cell SOFC , the method comprising the steps of:introducing a hydrogen enriched gaseous hydrocarbon feed into a reformer, introducing steam;in the reformer, generating a reformed process gas by at least partially converting methane and steam into carbon monoxide and hydrogen;introducing the reformed process gas into an anode side of the solid oxide fuel cell;in the solid oxide fuel cell, introducing air into a cathode side of the solid oxide fuel cell and converting hydrogen and carbon monoxide of the reformed process gas in combination with oxygen into an anode off-gas comprising steam, carbon dioxide and unconverted process gas;whereinintroducing the gaseous hydrocarbon feed into a permeate side of a water gas shift membrane reactor, wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon feed is used as a sweep gas in the permeate side of the water gas shift membrane reactor, and wherein the sweep gas is hydrogen enriched in the permeate side of the water gas shift membrane reactor and leaves the water gas shift membrane reactor as the hydrogen enriched gaseous hydrocarbon feed,introducing the anode off-gas into a feed side of the water gas shift membrane reactor; andin the feed side of the water-gas shift membrane reactor converting carbon monoxide and steam of the anode off gas into concentrated carbon dioxide and hydrogen and depleting the anode off-gas of hydrogen to create a carbon dioxide rich gas stream, and enriching the sweep gas with hydrogen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein steam is added to the gaseous hydrocarbon feed.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein steam is introduced into the reformer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein steam is added to the hydrogen enriched gaseous ...

Method for Synchronously Recovering Metal and Elemental Sulfur

The present disclosure discloses a method for synchronously recovering metal and elemental sulfur, particularly to a method for synchronously recovering metal and elemental sulfur in sulfide ore tailings, and belongs to the technical field of waste recycling. According to the present disclosure, metal and sulfur element are transferred from a solid phase to a liquid phase in the form of ions respectively by leaching the sulfide ore tailings in an anode chamber, then metal ions are recovered in the form of hydroxide precipitate in a first cathode chamber, and sulfate ions are recovered in the form of elemental sulfur precipitate in a second cathode chamber. The method of the present disclosure can synchronously realize the recovery of metal and elemental sulfur in sulfide ore tailings, such that a metal recovery rate is up to 89.4%, and an elemental sulfur recovery rate is up to 45.7%, meanwhile, a process flow is simple, operating cost is low, recovery rates of metal and sulfur element in tailings are high, corrosion of equipment is alleviated, and secondary pollution is avoid.

Electricity Generating Device Including An Aluminium Alloy Electrode

The invention relates to an electricity generating device that can be used as an electricity generator and as an electricity and hydrogen generator, comprising an aluminium alloy electrode (), an electrolyte () formed by a hydroxide and water solution, and a casing () formed by an inner layer () of carbon (coal, graphite, etc.) or conductive paste and an outer layer () of conductive metal. The solution can also be water, alcohol and hydroxide; water, salt and hydroxide; water, hydroxide and aluminate; water, alcohol, hydroxide and aluminate; water, salt, hydroxide and aluminate; and can contain a reagent. It is possible for the electrode () to be in contact with the inner layer () and for said inner layer not to cover all of the outer layer (). Optionally, the electrode () is covered with a liquid-permeable membrane (). 12342324356. An electricity generating device , which simultaneously generates hydrogen , that can be used as an electricity generator and as an electricity and hydrogen generator , comprising an electrode () , an electrolyte () and a casing () , characterized in that the electrode () is made of an aluminium alloy , the electrolyte () is formed by a hydroxide and water solution in which the electrode () is immersed; and a casing () where the electrolyte () is incorporated , that is formed by an inner layer () of carbon based material or conductive paste and an outer layer () of conductive metal.23. The electricity generating device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the electrolyte () is formed by a water claim 1 , hydroxide and aluminate solution.33. The electricity generating device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the electrolyte () is formed by a water claim 1 , alcohol claim 1 , hydroxide and aluminate solution.43. The electricity generating device according to claim 1 , characterized in that el electrolyte () is formed by a water claim 1 , salt claim 1 , hydroxide and aluminate solution.53. The electricity generating ...

SOLAR POWERED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN GAS AND OXYGEN GAS FROM WATER

Solar-powered systems and methods of generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water are described. A solar-powered system for generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water includes an electrolysis unit, a first generator unit, and a solar-powered turbine unit. The electrolysis unit is powered by the first generator unit. The solar-powered turbine unit is configured to drive the first generator unit and to supply steam to the electrolysis unit. The solar-powered turbine unit includes a first turbine coupled to and configured to provide shaft work to the first generator unit, a steam generation unit coupled to the steam feed inlet of the electrolysis unit and configured to hold water; and a solar unit configured to generate and provide heat to the steam generation unit. 1. A solar-powered system for generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water , the system comprising:(a) an electrolysis unit configured to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water, the electrolysis unit comprising a steam feed inlet and at least a first product outlet for hydrogen gas, oxygen gas or both;(b) a first generator unit configured to provide electricity to the electrolysis unit; (i) a first turbine coupled to and configured to provide shaft work to the first generator unit;', '(ii) a steam generation unit coupled to the steam feed inlet of the electrolysis unit and configured to hold water; and', '(iii) a solar unit configured to generate and provide heat to the steam generation unit; and, '(c) a solar-powered turbine unit configured to drive the first generator unit and to supply steam to the steam feed inlet, the solar-powered turbine unit comprising(d) a product cooling unit coupled to the electrolysis unit and configured to receive and reduce the temperature of the produced hydrogen gas or oxygen gas, or both2. (canceled)3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the product cooling unit comprises:(i) a second turbine coupled to and configured to provide power to a second ...

Selective oxidation of furan based alcohols via electro-generative process

This invention concerns a method for the production of at least a furanic compound having at least one aldehyde function and electrical power, by oxidizing at least a furanic compound having at least one hydroxyl function.

共处理二氧化碳和硫化氢的方法

在电解池中共处理H 2 S和CO 2 的方法，包括将含有H 2 S的第一气流供给到阳极，并将含有CO 2 的第二气流供给到阴极。H 2 S裂解成氢离子和元素硫。氢离子从阳极转移到阴极，并且CO 2 被转移的氢离子氢化。一种在燃料电池中产生电的方法，包括：将具有H 2 S和CO的第一气流供给到阳极，以及将具有氧的第二气流供给到阴极。H 2 S和CO形成氢离子和羰基硫化物。氢离子从阳极转移到阴极。转移的氢被第二气流的氧气氧化，并收集且由氧化形成的电流。

전력 및 수소 발생 장치

전해질 용액, 특히 수용액으로부터 수소를 생산하기 위한 장치로서, 상기 장치는 특히 플레이트-형 또는 실린더-형인 수소-발생 몸체이고, 그 몸체의 전해질-접촉 표면에는 마그네슘, Mg, 또는 아연, Zn, 등, 또는 그 합금으로부터 형성된 영역, 또는 철, Fe 또는 Fe 합금 등으로부터 형성된 영역이 교대로 있고, 수소 발생 몸체의 표면에서 발생된 수소를 축적하기 위한 수단을 포함한다.

Current generating device and current generation system including the sam

부피를 최소화하여 사용자의 신체에 지속적으로 착용할 수 있는 전류 생성 장치를 개시한다. 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 전류 생성 장치는 전류 생성체 및 전류 생성체에 접하여 전류 생성체에서 방출되는 전류의 크기를 제어하도록 구성되는 전류 제어체를 포함한다. Disclosed is a current generating device that can be continuously worn on a user's body by minimizing the volume. A current generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a current generating body and a current controller configured to control the magnitude of a current emitted from the current generating body in contact with the current generating body.

Electrolysis apparatus for producing between germicide and detergent

본 발명은, 첨가제에 따라서 살균제 또는 세정제를 제조할 수 있는 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 구체적으로 본 발명은 전기분해에 사용될 첨가제를 넣기 위한 첨가제 용기, 및 상기 전기분해가 이루어지는 무격막 전해조를 포함하되, 상기 전기분해는, 염화이온(Cl - )을 함유하는 물, 염화나트륨(NaCl) 및 염산수용액(HCl)이 무격막 전해조 내에서 이루어지는 전기분해인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기분해 장치. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method capable of producing a sterilizing agent or a cleaning agent according to an additive. Specifically, the present invention relates to an additive vessel for adding an additive to be used for electrolysis, and a septum-free electrolytic cell in which the electrolysis is carried out, wherein the electrolysis is carried out by using water containing chloride ion (Cl - ), sodium chloride Characterized in that the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) is electrolysis in a no-septic electrolytic cell.

Novel solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactors, and use of membranes and reactors for oxidation reactions

Power plant based methanation system

Power station-based methanation system (1) comprises a fossil fuel-fired power station (2) with an electrolysis unit (3), and a methanation reactor (4). The power station and the electrolysis unit are designed to supply the methanation reactor with starting materials for a methanation reaction, and the electrolysis unit is operated in a charging state and a discharging state, where an electric power is supplied to the electrolysis unit and a chemical energy store is charged at the same time, during the charging state and the chemical energy store is discharged during the discharging state. An independent claim is also included for operating the methanation system, comprising either: supplying water to the electrolysis unit, electrolytically or chemically converting the water into hydrogen, mixing hydrogen with the carbon dioxide obtained from power station, and supplying the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide as starting materials to the methanation reactor; or supplying a mixture of water and carbon dioxide obtained from the power plant, electrolytically or chemically converting mixture of water and carbon dioxide into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and supplying the mixture of hydrogen with carbon monoxide as starting materials to the methanation reactor.

Power station-based methanation system

The invention relates to a power station-based methanation system (1) which has a fossil fuel-fired power station (2) together with an electrolysis unit (3) and a methanation reactor (4), where the power station (10) and the electrolysis unit (3) are configured for supplying the methanation reactor (4) with starting materials (2) for a methanation reaction and the electrolysis unit (3) can be operated both in a charging state and in a discharging state, in which charging state the electrolysis unit (3) supplies electric power and a chemical energy store (8) is at the same time charged and in which discharging state the chemical energy store (8) is discharged.

Cell for depolarised electrodialysis of salt solutions

본 발명은 전기 에너지 소모량이 줄어들었거나 전기 에너지가 아예 소모되지 않는 방법에 의해 관련 산 및 염기를 생성하기 위한 염 용액 전기 투석 셀에 관한 것이다. 상기 셀은, 관련 기체 확산 전극에 의해 제공되는 수소가 공급되는 애노드 챔버와, 산소 또는 공기가 공급되는 캐소드 챔버를 포함하고; 전기 투석 방법의 구동력은 2개의 챔버에 공급되는 수소 및 산소의 산화 및 환원 화학 전위에 의해 제공된다. The present invention relates to a salt solution electrodialysis cell for producing related acids and bases by a method in which electrical energy consumption is reduced or no electrical energy is consumed at all. The cell comprises an anode chamber supplied with hydrogen provided by an associated gas diffusion electrode and a cathode chamber supplied with oxygen or air; The driving force of the electrodialysis method is provided by the oxidation and reduction chemical potentials of hydrogen and oxygen supplied to the two chambers.

Novel solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor and with film and reactor for oxidation reactions

本发明描述由紧密的、不透气的多相混合物组成 的固体膜，多相混合物含有一种电子导电材料，一种 氧离子导电材料和/或一种钙钛矿结构的混合金属 氧化物。本发明还描述电化学反应器电池和反应器， 它可用于使氧从含氧气体迁移到耗氧气体。该反应 器电池通常包括用该固体膜分隔的第一和第二区 域。该反应器电池还包括在第一区域中的一种催化 剂。用本发明反应器电池和反应器进行的工艺包括： 如甲烷部分氧化生产不饱和化合物或合成气，乙烷的 部分氧化，从氧化的气体中提取氧气，甲烷的氨氧化 等。从氧化的气体中提取氧的工艺可用于燃料或废 气的净化。

Graphene oxide produced by electrochemically oxidatively cutting the end face of a carbon-based three-dimensional material and its production method.

Method and system for producing carbon dioxide and electricity from a gaseous hydrocarbon feed

一种利用固体氧化物燃料电池SOFC(2)通过气态烃进料(200)生产二氧化碳(435)和电力的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：‑将气态烃进料(200)引入水煤气轮换膜反应器(4)，其中气态烃进料(200)被用作尾气(201)，并且其中尾气(201)富含氢并且作为富氢气的气态烃进料(202)离开水煤气轮换膜反应器(4)，‑引入蒸汽(220)，‑将富氢气的气态烃进料(202)引入重整器(3)中；‑在重整器(3)中，通过至少部分地将甲烷和蒸汽(220)转换为一氧化碳和氢气来生成重整的工艺气体(205)；‑将重整的工艺气体(205)引入固体氧化物燃料电池(2)中；‑在固体氧化物燃料电池(2)中，将空气(100)引入固体氧化物燃料电池(2)中并且将重整的工艺气体(205)的氢气和一氧化碳连同氧气转换为阳极废气(208)，阳极废气(208)包含蒸汽、二氧化碳和未转换的工艺气体；‑将阳极废气(208)引入水煤气轮换膜反应器(4)中；‑在水煤气轮换膜反应器(4)中，使得阳极废气(208)耗尽氢气以生成富二氧化碳的气流(211)，并且使得尾气(201)富含氢气。

Mineralising CO2preparing sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate externally export the method for electric energy

本发明公开了一种矿化CO 2 制取碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠对外输出电能的方法，在由阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜隔成的正极区、中间区和负极区内，分别加入碱性物料、钠盐和碳酸氢钠，连接正负电极形成电流通路，钠盐分解形成的阴离子和钠离子在电流作用下分别通过阴、阳离子交换膜进入到正、负极区，在正极区进行中和反应，在负极区通入的CO 2 转化为碳酸氢根与钠离子生成碳酸氢钠，利用正负极区pH值差形成的电势，正极区发生的酸碱中和反应和负极区发生的CO 2 矿化反应所释放的能量以H 2 作为媒介转变为电能对外输出，反应完成后在负极区得到碳酸氢钠，或经进一步处理得到碳酸钠。本发明在低能耗、原料利用率高、环境污染小的情况下制取纯碱的同时对外输出电能。

Fuel cell type reactor and method for producing a chemical compound by using the same

Disclosed is a fuel cell type reactor for performing an oxidation reaction of a system comprising a substrate, a reductant and an oxidant, comprising: a casing; an anode which comprises an anode active material and which is ion-conductive or active species-conductive; and a cathode which comprises a cathode active material and which is ion-conductive or active species-conductive, wherein the anode and the cathode are disposed in spaced relationship in the casing to partition the inside of the casing into an intermediate compartment between the anode and the cathode, an anode compartment on the outside of the anode and a cathode compartment on the outside of the cathode, and wherein the intermediate compartment has an inlet for an electrolyte solution and a substrate, the anode compartment has an inlet for a reductant, and the cathode compartment has an inlet for an oxidant.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE AND ELECTRIC POWER FROM GAS-HYDROCARBON HYDROCARBON

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2016 132 971 A (51) МПК H01M 8/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016132971, 17.01.2014 (71) Заявитель(и): ЭйчТиСЕРАМИКС С.А. (CH) Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 17.01.2014 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 21.02.2018 Бюл. № 06 R U (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 17.08.2016 (72) Автор(ы): ДИТХЕЛЬМ Стэфан (CH), РАВАГНИ Альберто (CH), БУЧЕЛИ Оливьер (CH) (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2014/050898 (17.01.2014) WO 2015/106820 (23.07.2015) R U (54) СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА И ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ ИЗ ГАЗООБРАЗНОГО УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ (57) Формула изобретения 1. Способ получения концентрированного диоксида (435) углерода и электроэнергии из газообразного углеводородного сырья (200) с применением твердооксидного топливного элемента SOFC (2), при этом способ включает этапы: - введения газообразного углеводородного сырья (202) обогащенного водородом, в установку (3) риформинга; - введения пара; - в установке (3) риформинга генерирования реформированного технологического газа (205) путем по меньшей мере частичного преобразования метана и пара (220) в монооксид углерода и водород; - введения реформированного технологического газа (205) в анодную сторону твердооксидного топливного элемента; - в твердооксидном топливном элементе (2) введения воздуха (100) в катодную сторону твердооксидного топливного элемента (2) и преобразования водорода и монооксида углерода реформированного технологического газа (205) в комбинации с кислородом в анодный отходящий газ (208), содержащий пар, диоксид углерода и непрореагировавший технологический газ; отличающийся тем, что включает этапы: - введения газообразного углеводородного сырья (200) в сторону (41) для проникания мембранного реактора (4) конверсии водяного газа, причем газообразное углеводородное сырье (200) используют в качестве продувочного газа (201) на стороне Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 6 1 3 2 9 ...

Ammonia synthesis for fertilizer production

合成用于农业肥料的氨的方法使用水(H2O)作为氨(NH3)合成中的氢气(H2)的来源，并且收集一氧化碳(CO)作为用于在产生氢气的WGS(水煤气变换)反应中结合的限量试剂。WGS反应使用CO与水来产生二氧化碳(CO2)和H2，从而消耗来自其他工业应用的不需要的CO。该方法的副产物包括对于每摩尔合成的氨产生1.5摩尔CO2。中间步骤对于每摩尔氮气(N2)消耗3摩尔氢气。避免使用甲烷气体，因为该方法使用CO和该WGS反应作为H2的唯一来源而不引入甲烷(CH4)。为了进一步的可持续性，可以通过燃料电池进行氨的下游合成以产生用于氨合成的电力。

A kind of biological-cathode also original production graphene and the method for removing removing sulfate

本发明涉及一种生物阴极还原生产石墨烯并去除硫酸盐的方法，属于生物电化学系统领域，该系统的特征在于首次将集中于产能及废水处理领域的微生物电解池运用于石墨烯的原位生产协同硫酸盐废水的处理，通过驯化一定微生物量的硫酸盐还原菌，随后接种至阴极室，使阴极电极上形成稳定的自养型生物膜。人工配置一定浓度的硫酸盐废水，此外，投加一定浓度的氧化石墨烯，通过超声分散至硫酸盐废水中，即阴极液。确定合理的水力停留时间，周期运行结束时更换底物，以有效收集阴极室出水中的石墨烯并实现一定量硫酸盐的去除。

Gas hydrogen production process for co-production of carbon

本公开内容在其第一方面中涉及将包含甲烷的气态物流转化为氢(51)和碳(25)的工艺，所述工艺特征在于其包含提供第一气态物流(3,7)的步骤(a)；溴化与合成的步骤(b)，其中使第一气态物流(3,7)与包含溴的第二物流(53)接触，导致形成包含溴代甲烷和溴化氢的第三物流(15)，和形成包含包括石墨和/或炭黑的第四物流(25)；对第三物流(15)进行以回收富含溴化氢的物流(41)的分离步骤(c)，该富含溴化氢的物流(41)随后在步骤(d)中被氧化，以产生包含氢的物流(51)。第二方面涉及用于进行第一方面的工艺的设备，并且第三方面涉及溴在这样的工艺中的用途。

Fuel cell system for generating energy and water

Brennstoffzellensysteme an Bord von Transportmitteln können zur Energieerzeugung und zur Wassererzeugung eingesetzt werden. Um das Gesamtgewicht des Systems zu verringern, wird die Brennstoffzelle in Abhängigkeit von einem aktuellen Füllstand oder einem Grenzstand des Wassertanks sowie eines prognostizierten, zukünftigen Wasserverbrauchs gesteuert oder geregelt. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die im Wassertank zu speichernde Wassermenge zu minimieren. Fuel cell systems on board means of transport can be used to generate energy and water. In order to reduce the total weight of the system, the fuel cell is controlled or regulated as a function of a current fill level or a limit level of the water tank as well as a predicted future water consumption. In this way it is possible to minimize the amount of water to be stored in the water tank.

A method, a solid oxide fuel cell and a catalyst for the production of light hydrocarbons from gas with high methane content

The present invention refers to the conversion of gaseous or gasifiable fuels with high methane content, such as natural gas, biogas, synthesis gas of gas originated from various industrial process rejects, with or without prior desulfurization and elimination of other contaminants, in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), with special anodes, based on mixed oxides or metal oxides with a perovskite type structure, either or not nanostructured, into light hydrocarbons, primarily ethylene and ethane.

COGENERATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY AND HYDROGEN

Method for preparation of graphene using spontaneous process

본 발명은 자발공정을 이용한 그래핀 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 리튬이온배터리 및 리튬 이온커패시터의 충전과정에서 일어나는 흑연 전극의 리튬 인터칼레이션 현상을 그래핀 제조에 이용하여 흑연층간화합물을 형성하고, 이를 물 (또는 알코올)과의 반응을 통해 박리시킴으로써 단층 또는 몇 개의 층으로 구성된 고품질의 그래핀을 대량으로 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method for producing graphene using a spontaneous process, wherein a lithium intercalation phenomenon of a graphite electrode occurring during a charging process of a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion capacitor is used in the production of graphene to form an intergranular graphite compound, The present invention relates to a method for mass-producing high-quality graphene composed of a single layer or several layers by peeling through reaction with water (or an alcohol).

INSTALLATION AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DIHYDROGEN

Process for the continuous generation of hydrogen by electrolysis of water via a decoupled approach

Procédé de génération continue d’hydrogène par électrolyse de l’eau via une approche découplée La présente demande concerne un procédé de génération continue d’hydrogène par électrolyse de l’eau, comprenant : - la polarisation d’une cellule électrochimique, la tension U étant supérieure ou égale à 1,5 V, ladite cellule électrochimique comprenant un compartiment négatif d’électrode et un compartiment positif d’électrode ; - la production d’hydrogène à partir de la réduction d’un électrolyte aqueux dans ledit compartiment négatif d’électrode ; - l’oxydation d’un réducteur « Red » en un oxydant « Ox », dans ledit compartiment positif d’électrode, ledit réducteur étant présent dans un anolyte aqueux apporté par circulation fluidique au sein du compartiment positif ; - la circulation fluidique de l’anolyte contenant l’oxydant « Ox » dudit compartiment positif d’électrode vers un dispositif comprenant une espèce catalytique favorisant l’OER; - la réduction de l’oxydant « Ox » en sa forme réduite « Red » et la production d’oxygène dans le dispositif comprenant l’espèce catalytique OEC. Figure pour l'abrégé : 1 Process for the continuous generation of hydrogen by electrolysis of water via a decoupled approach The present application relates to a process for the continuous generation of hydrogen by electrolysis of water, comprising: - the polarization of an electrochemical cell, the voltage U being greater than or equal to 1.5 V, said electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode compartment and a positive electrode compartment; - the production of hydrogen from the reduction of an aqueous electrolyte in said negative electrode compartment; - oxidation of a "Red" reductant to an "Ox" oxidant, in said positive electrode compartment, said reductant being present in an aqueous anolyte supplied by fluid circulation within the positive compartment; - the fluidic circulation of the anolyte containing the oxidant "Ox" from said positive electrode ...

A method and a system for producing, converting and storing energy

The invention relates to a method and a system of converting and storing energy. Energy in the form of, for example, wind power or solar energy is used to convert carbon dioxide to methyl alcohol in an electrochemical cell. The methyl alcohol may later be used to produce electricity in a fuel cell.

Connector insert interrupter and electric circuit shunting method

Устройство прерывателя соединительной вставки предназначено для шунтирования электролитической ванны в ряду электрически соединенных последовательно электролитических ванн, чтобы позволить извлечь шунтированную электролитическую ванну для профилактических работ. Устройство прерывателя соединительной вставки содержит одну или более ламелей шины, соединенных с соответствующими матрицами прерывателей. Указанным внутренним ламелям шины придают такие размеры, чтобы при условии, когда весь ток электролиза течет через устройство прерывателя соединительной вставки, напряжение на его двух клеммах соединения и следовательно в контактных точках шунтированной электролитической ванны близко, но в любом случае ниже напряжения, спонтанно достигаемого электролитической ванной, когда ток электролиза более не подается. Кроме того, настоящее изобретение предлагает возможность размещения указанной матрицы прерывателей и указанных внутренних ламелей шины в конструкции, имеющей форму буквы U, в которой планарная часть имеет ограниченную высоту. Указанная ограниченная высота не препятствует боковому извлечению шунтированной электролитической ванны с помощью соответствующего вилочного погрузчика.

COGENERATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY AND HYDROGEN

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de stockage de l'énergie électrique propre ou de l'énergie électrique produite pendant les heures creuses basé sur une filière comprenant : o Une cellule électrolytique capable de déposer un métal en dégageant de l'oxygène à l'anode, o Une cellule fonctionnant en batterie et permettant la redissolution dudit métal à l'anode avec production d'hydrogène à la cathode. Les deux cellules pouvant être confondues ou séparées. The present invention relates to a method for storing clean electric energy or electrical energy produced during off-peak hours based on a bushing comprising: an electrolytic cell capable of depositing a metal by releasing oxygen at a temperature of anode, o A cell operating in battery and allowing the redissolution of said metal to the anode with production of hydrogen at the cathode. The two cells can be confused or separated.

Method and a System for Producing, Converting and Storing Energy

The invention relates to a method and a system of converting and storing energy. Energy in the form of, for example, wind power or solar energy is used to convert carbon dioxide to methyl alcohol in an electrochemical cell. The methyl alcohol may later be used to produce electricity in a fuel cell.

Apparatus and method for the controllable production of hydrogen at an accelerated rate

An apparatus for the production of hydrogen is disclosed, the apparatus comprising some or all of the following features, as well as additional features as described and claimed: a reaction medium; an anode in contact with the reaction medium; a cathode in contact with the reaction medium, wherein the cathode is capable of being in conductive contact with the anode; a catalyst suspended in the reaction medium, wherein the catalyst has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio; a salt dissolved in the reaction medium; a second high surf ace-area-to- volume ratio catalyst; a conductive path connecting the anode and cathode; a controller in the conductive path; an energy source; a reaction vessel and an electrical power source configured to provide an electrical potential between the cathode and the anode. Also disclosed are a method for producing hydrogen, an electric power generator and a battery.

H2 /C12 fuel cells for power and HCl production - chemical cogeneration

A fuel cell for the electrolytic production of hydrogen chloride and the generation of electric energy from hydrogen and chlorine gas is disclosed. In typical application, the fuel cell operates from the hydrogen and chlorine gas generated by a chlorine electrolysis generator. The hydrogen chloride output is used to maintain acidity in the anode compartment of the electrolysis cells, and the electric energy provided from the fuel cell is used to power a portion of the electrolysis cells in the chlorine generator or for other chlorine generator electric demands. The fuel cell itself is typically formed by a passage for the flow of hydrogen chloride or hydrogen chloride and sodium chloride electrolyte between anode and cathode gas diffusion electrodes, the HCl increa This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-AC02-86ER80366 with the Department of Energy and the United States Government has certain rights thereto.

Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor components, electrochemical reactors and use of membranes, reactor components, and reactor for oxidation reactions

Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in the zone which comprises a passageway from an entrance end to an exit end of the element. Processes described which may be conducted with the disclosed reactor cells and reactors include, for example, the partial oxidation of methane to produce unsaturated compounds or synthesis gas, the partial oxidation of ethane, substitution of aromatic compounds, extraction of oxygen from oxygen-containing gases, including oxidized gases, ammoxidation of methane, etc. The extraction of oxygen from oxidized gases may be used for flue or exhaust gas cleanup.

Energy conversion device

The present invention relates to the construction of power-generating machines and may be used in the production of devices used for converting one type of energy into another, for example by electrolysis. This energy converting device comprises a rotating vessel which is filled with an electrolyte solution, wherein said vessel is mounted on a base and is connected to a rotation drive. The device also includes electrodes as well as channels for feeding the electrolyte solution into the vessel and for recovering the electrolysis products. The device of the present invention is made in the shape of a heat-exchanger. The electrodes are either short-circuited together, either connected to a circuit via a power-consuming device. The vessel is mounted so as to be capable of rotation at an angular velocity which is defined by a mathematical relation.

Method for the cogeneration of electrical and hydrogen power

Process for producing liquid hydrogen

The invention relates to an integrated process for continuous production of liquid hydrogen, comprising (a) producing gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis; and (b) liquefying said gaseous hydrogen in a hydrogen liquefaction unit, which liquefaction unit is powered by energy essentially from renewable sources; and, (c) when additional power is needed, using electrical energy generated in a process in which electrical energy and hydrogen are co-generated by an integrated electrolysis process comprising: (d) electrolysing a metal salt or mixture of metal salts and water into the corresponding metal or metals, acid or acids, and oxygen (electricity storage phase), and (e) producing gaseous hydrogen and recovering electricity in a regeneration reaction of the metal (s) and acid(s) of step (d) (regeneration phase); wherein at least part of the gaseous hydrogen generated in step (e) is used in step (b) of the process.

Electrochemical method for producing pressurised gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis then by electrochemical conversion

The invention relates to an electrochemical method for producing gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis then electrochemical conversion of H+ ions into gaseous hydrogen, either by depolarisation with production of electrical energy (battery) or by catalysis. The aim of the invention is to improve said method in order to reach, industrially, high pressures of gaseous hydrogen, for example >80 bars. To this end, the method essentially consists in implementing, in a decoupled manner, at least one step of E l electrolysis of an electrolyte producing gaseous oxygen in a chamber E l , and at least one step of electrochemical conversion C° of H+ ions into gaseous hydrogen in a chamber C° containing a liquid phase L and a gaseous phase G which is not dissolved in said liquid phase. In said method: the gaseous hydrogen produced in the conversion step C° is partially present in the crown of the chamber C° and in the form of bubbles in the electrolyte and partially dissolved in the electrolyte which as a result becomes saturated with hydrogen; the electrolyte comprises at least one redox couple (A/B) forming at least one intermediate vector allowing the decoupling of the steps El & C°; the interface between phase G and phase L is increased during step C° in such a way as to accelerate the diffusion of the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, dissolved hydrogen potentially supersaturating the electrolyte; and the pressurised gaseous hydrogen is collected in a reservoir. The invention also relates to devices for implementing such a production method and to a kit comprising one of said devices and components of the electrolyte.

Method for nitrogen recovery from an ammonium comprising fluid and bio-electrochemical system

The invention relates to a method for nitrogen recovery from an ammonium comprising fluid and a bio-electrochemical system for the same. The method for comprises: -providing an anode compartment comprising an anode; -providing a cathode compartment comprising a cathode, -wherein the compartments are separated by at least one ion exchange membrane; -providing the ammonium comprising fluid in the anode compartment and a second fluid in the cathode compartment; -applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode; and -extracting nitrogen from the cathode compartment.

Explosion switch for electrically connected electrolyzer devices

Method and system for producing carbon dioxide and electricity from a gaseous hydrocarbon feed

A method for producing carbon dioxide and electricity from a gaseous hydrocarbon feed using a solid oxide fuel cell, comprising: - introducing the gaseous hydrocarbon feed into a water gas shift membrane reactor wherein the feed is hydrogen enriched and leaves the reactor as a hydrogen enriched gaseous hydrocarbon feed; - introducing steam; - introducing the feed into a reformer; - generating a reformed process gas by converting methane and steam into carbon monoxide and hydrogen; - introducing the reformed gas into the fuel cell; - introducing air into the fuel cell and converting hydrogen and carbon monoxide of the reformed gas in combination with oxygen into an anode off-gas comprising steam, carbon dioxide and unconverted process gas; - introducing the anode off-gas into the reactor; and - depleting the anode off-gas of hydrogen to create a carbon dioxide rich gas stream, and enriching the sweep gas with hydrogen.

ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER COUPLED AT A LOW TEMPERATURE AND METHOD FOR ENERGY STORAGE

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de stockage d'énergie destiné à la production d'hydrogène par électrolyse de l'eau couplé à une basse température et un procédé de stockage d'énergie, qui sont utilisés pour résoudre le problème de la contradiction entre les ressources photoélectriques discontinues et les exigences continues d'hydrogène vert pour la production. Le dispositif comprend un système de liquéfaction de l'hydrogène par prérefroidissement à l'azote liquide, un système d'échange de chaleur hydrogène liquide-azote liquide, un système de stockage d'énergie froide et un système d'utilisation d'énergie froide d'un dispositif de séparation de l'air. Selon la présente invention, les systèmes sont fortement couplés les uns aux autres, l'énergie renouvelable photoélectrique peut être maximisée sous forme de stockage d'hydrogène, le coût de la consommation d'énergie de la préparation et de l'utilisation de l'hydrogène vert peut être efficacement réduit tandis que le stockage d'énergie à haut rendement et la régulation des pointes sont réalisés, l'effet d'économie d'énergie est atteint et une bonne perspective de diffusion apparait.

Cell for depolarised electrodialysis of salt solutions

The invention relates to a salt solution electrodialysis cell for production of the relevant acids and bases by means of a process with reduced or nil consumption of electrical energy. The cell comprises an anodic chamber fed with hydrogen and a cathodic chamber fed with oxygen or air, provided with the relevant gas-diffusion electrodes; the driving power of the electrodialysis process is given by the oxidation and reduction chemical potentials of hydrogen and oxygen fed to the two chambers.

Photoelectrochemical generation of thallium(III)

Thallium(III) is produced in solution using a photoelectrochemical cell which has an externally electrically interconnected semiconductor photoelectrode and counter electrode. A conductive solution containing thallium(I) is placed in the cell and a flow of current generated by exposing the photoelectrode to actinic radiation, thereby oxidizing the thallium. In another embodiment, a thallium(III) solution is produced by mixing a solution containing thallium(I) with a particulate semiconductor, introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the mixture, and exposing the mixture to actinic radiation. The produced thallium(III) can be reacted with organic compounds, for example with compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond to form epoxides, concurrently reducing thallium. Continuous production can be obtained by recycling the reduced thallium by photoelectrochemical oxidation to thallium(III).

Electrochemical system comprising zinc and water for producing and storing hydrogen and the use thereof

An electrochemical system comprising Zn and H 2­ O for producing and storing hydrogen, in which an electrode obtained by electrodepositing Zn on the current collector is used as a current collector of Zn electrode. The current collector of Zn electrode and a gas-releasing electrode is separately arranged in a zinc compound-containing aqueous electrolyte, thus a unit of electrochemical system for producing and storing hydrogen can be constructed. The unit of electrochemical system for producing and storing hydrogen can be arranged in a sealed container in which a liquid input passage, a liquid output passage and a passage for holding electrode can be reserved. In the system, the liquid input passage and the liquid output passage are connected with a bump and the electrolyte container, in which a water replenishing passage is arranged and a gas-liquid separator is connected. Wherein, the range of the distance between the said current collector of Zn electrode and the gas-releasing electrode is 1mm-30mm. The system can be used to largely and periodically produce hydrogen in a lower cost, and it has a long lifetime. The system can be conveniently scaled up and used in a gas engine for saving petrol and decreasing the discharge, and it can also be used in the other field of energy storage and burning promotion.

ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTORS AND MEMBRANES OF VARIOUS USEFUL COMPONENTS FOR OXIDATION REACTIONS.

UNA MEMBRANA MULTICOMPONENTE SOLIDA PARA SER UTILIZADA EN UN REACTOR ELECTROQUIMICO QUE SE CARACTERIZA POR UN MATERIAL MIXTO DE OXIDO DE METAL QUE TIENE UNA ESTRUCTURA DE PEROVSKITE QUE COMPRENDE (1) UN LANTANIDO, Y, O UNA COMBINACION DE UN LATANIDO Y Y, (2) UN METAL TERROSO ALCALINO, (3) FE, Y (4) CR, TI, O UNA COMBINACION DE CR Y TI. TAMBIEN SE REQUIERE UN ELEMENTO PARA SER UTILIZADO EN UN REACTOR ELECTROQUIMICO O CELULA DE REACTOR QUE POSEA UNA PRIMERA SUPERFICIE CAPAZ DE REDUCIR EL OXIGENO A IONES DE OXIGENO, UNA SEGUNDA SUPERFICIE CAPAZ DE HACER REACCIONAR IONES DE OXIGENO CON UN GAS CONSUMIDOR DE OXIGENO, UNA VIA DE CONDUCCION DE ELECTRONES ENTRE LA PRIMERA Y SEGUNDA SUPERFICIE Y UNA VIA DE CONDUCCION DE IONES DE OXIGENO ENTRE LA PRIMERA Y SEGUNDA SUPERFICIE CARACTERIZADA POR CONSISTIR EL ELEMENTO DE (A) UN MATERIAL MIXTO DE OXIDO DE METAL QUE POSEE UNA ESTRUCTURA DE PEROVSKISTE Y (B) UNA CAPA CONDUCTORA, UN CATALIZADOR, O UNA CAPA CONDUCTORA QUE COMPRENDE UN CATALIZADOR. LA INVENCIONPERMITE EL REALIZAR UNA SERIE DE REACCIONES ELECTROQUIMICAS. A MULTICOMPONENT SOLID MEMBRANE TO BE USED IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A MIXED METAL OXIDE MATERIAL THAT HAS A PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE THAT INCLUDES (1) A LANTANIDE, AND, OR A COMBINATION OF A LATANIDE AND A METAL TERROSO ALLCALINO, (3) FAITH, AND (4) CR, IT, OR A COMBINATION OF CR AND IT. IT IS ALSO REQUIRED AN ELEMENT TO BE USED IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR OR REACTOR CELL THAT POSSESSES A FIRST CAPABLE SURFACE TO REDUCE THE OXYGEN TO OXYGEN IONS, A SECOND SURFACE ABLE TO MAKE AN OXYGEN OXYGEN CONSIDERATION OF ELECTRONIC DRIVING BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND SURFACE AND AN OXYGEN ION DRIVING ROAD BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND SURFACE CHARACTERIZED BY CONSISTING THE ELEMENT OF (A) A MIXED METAL OXIDE MATERIAL THAT POSSESSES A STRUCTURE AND PEROVSKISTE ) A DRIVING COAT, A CATALYST, OR A DRIVING COAT THAT INCLUDES A CATALYST. THE INVENTION ALLOWS TO PERFORM A SERIES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS.

Secondary battery using carbon dioxide and complex electric power generation system having the same

본 발명은 충전과 방전이 가능한 이차 전지에 있어서, 제1 반응 공간에 수용되는 수계 전해질인 제1 전해액과, 상기 제1 전해액에 적어도 일부가 잠기는 캐소드를 구비하는 캐소드부; 및 제2 반응 공간에 수용되는 수계 전해질인 제2 전해액과, 상기 제2 전해액에 적어도 일부가 잠기는 애노드를 구비하는 애노드부를 포함하며, 상기 애노드는 산소 발생 반응(oxygen evolution reaction) 촉매를 포함하고 금속이 아닌 재료로 만들어진 것이고, 방전 과정에서, 상기 제1 전해액으로 이산화탄소 기체가 유입되고, 상기 제1 전해액의 물과 상기 이산화탄소 기체의 반응에 의해 수소 이온과 중탄산 이온이 생성되며, 상기 수소 이온과 상기 캐소드의 전자가 결합되어서 수소 기체가 발생하는 이차 전지, 및 상기 이차 전지를 포함하는 복합 발전 시스템에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 이차 전지는 애노드로 금속을 사용하지 않으므로 금속 소모에 따른 애노드의 교체를 필요로 하지 않고 반영구적으로 사용될 수 있다.

Energy storage device and energy storage method for hydrogen production by water electrolysis and low-temperature coupling

一种电解水制氢与低温耦合的储能装置及储能方法，用于解决光电资源不连续与生产用绿氢连续化要求矛盾的问题。所述装置包括液氮预冷氢气液化系统、液氢‑液氮换热系统、冷能储存系统及空气分离装置冷能利用系统，本发明系统间高度耦合，通过储氢的形式，可实现最大限度的利用光电可再生能源，在实现高效储能调峰的同时，能够有效降低绿氢制备利用的能耗成本，达到节能效果，具有良好的推广前景。

It is a kind of to enhance CO using riboflavin2The method and its battery of mineralising battery electricity generation performance

本发明提供一种利用核黄素增强CO 2 矿化电池产电性能的方法及其电池，属于CO 2 矿化技术领域。所述方法为将阳离子交换膜置于CO 2 矿化电池容器中，将容器分为阳极区和阴极区，在阳极区加入芒硝和Ca(OH) 2 的混合溶液作为阳极电解液，阴极区加入碳酸氢钠作为阴极电解液，同时在阴极区加入化合物FMN作为阴极电催化剂，并在阳极电极和阳极电极之间施加直流电源。本发明采用具有PCET反应性质的化合物FMN作为阴极电催化剂，在低电位下形成“H‑有机”中间体取代H 2 作为循环介质，避免在电极上发生HER和HOR反应的高过电位，从而在大幅提高CO 2 矿化电池产电性能；同时不再需要贵金属Pt作为催化剂，降低CO 2 矿化电池的制造成本。

Electrochemical reactor and method for production of fuel gas

在电池(10)的阴极(1)侧导入电子，促进二氧化碳的还原。另一方面，在阳极(2)侧，通过经由多孔质GDC电解质(3)输送的氧化物离子，促进甲烷的氧化。若生成一氧化碳和氧化物离子，则与甲烷气体一起被输送至阳极(2)，生成一氧化碳和氢。另外，在阳极(2)，Cu和氧化物离子反应，促进甲烷气体的氧化。

process for the production of light hydrocarbons from methane rich gases, solid oxide fuel cell used for the production of light hydrocarbons from methane rich gases, and catalyst for the production of light hydrocarbons from rich gases in methane

PROCESSO PARA A PRODUçãO DE HIDROCARBONETOS LEVES A PARTIR DE GASES RICOS EM METANO, PILHA A COMBUSTìVEL DE óXIDO SóLIDO UTILIZADA PARA A PRODUçãO DE HIDROCARBONETOS LEVES A PARTIR DE GASES RICOS EM METANO, E, CATALISADOR PARA A PRODUçãO DE HIDROCARBONETOS LEVES A PARTIR DE GASES RICOS EM METANO. A presente invenção refere-se à conversão de combustíveis gasosos ou gaseificáveis ricos em metano, tais como gás natural, biogases, gases de síntese ou de rejeitos de processos industriais variados, com ou sem prévia dessulfurização e eliminação de outros contaminantes, em uma pilha a combustível de óxido sólido (pilha a combustível de óxido sólido (PaCOS)), com anodos especiais, a base de óxidos mistos ou óxidos de metais com estrutura perovskita, nanoestruturados ou não, em hidrocarbonetos leves, principalmente, eteno e etano. PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS FROM METHANIC RICH GASES, STATES THE SOLID OXIDE FUEL USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS, AND THE GARDENS OF HIDROCAROS PARIDOS GARDENS FOR GARDENS In methane. The present invention relates to the conversion of methane-rich gaseous or gaseous fuels, such as natural gas, biogases, synthetic gases or tailings from various industrial processes, with or without prior desulphurization and elimination of other contaminants, into a waste cell. solid oxide fuel (solid oxide fuel cell (PaCOS)), with special anodes, based on mixed oxides or metal oxides with perovskite structure, nanostructured or not, in light hydrocarbons, mainly ethylene and ethane.

Electrochemical reactors and multicomponent membranes useful for oxidation reactions

Fuel cell system with an electrochemical hydrogen generation cell

The invention relates to a system for supplying a consumer with electrical power, comprising at least one fuel supply unit (9), which releases a gaseous fuel when an electric current flows therethrough, and comprising at least one fuel cell unit (8), inside of which the released gaseous fuel can be reacted with an oxidizing agent while generating power. The fuel supply unit is preferably a hydrogen generation cell comprising a zinc anode and a hydrogen cathode in an alkaline electrolyte.

Graphene oxide produced by electrochemical oxidation cutting of carbon-based three-dimensional material end face and method for producing the same

本発明は、炭素系三次元材料端面を電気化学的酸化切断することで製造された酸化グラフェン及びその製造方法を提供する。当該方法において、一方の炭素系三次元材料を一極として、他方の炭素系三次元材料又は不活性材料を他極として、それぞれ直流電源の両極と接続し、少なくとも一極の炭素系三次元材料の一方の端面が、作業面として電解質溶液の液面と平行して接触する。通電電解して、作業面としての端面の作業区間は、前記電解質溶液の液面の下方から上方までの−５ｍｍ〜５ｍｍの範囲内にある。前記端面が前記作業区間内にあるように断続又は連続して制御することにより、端面におけるグラファイトシート層は、酸化グラフェンに電気化学的酸化膨張解離及び切断され、酸化グラフェンを含有する電解質溶液が得られる。当該方法はより高い酸化膨張解離及び切断能力を有し、低エネルギー消費と汚染のない前提の下で、層数がより低く、粒子径分布がより均一で高品質の酸化グラフェンを得ることができる。【選択図】図１

Direct fuel cell without selectively permeable membrane and components thereof

Electrochemical reactor for reacting oxygen-consuming gas with oxygen-containing gas

一种用于使一种耗氧气体与一种含氧气体反应的电化学反应器,其特征在于它具有一个壳体和至少一个位于所说壳体内的电化学反应器电池,其中电化学反应器电池是一种在含有耗氧气体或者含氧气体的环境中使耗氧气体和含氧气体反应的电化学反应器电池,其特征在于,一种固体多组分膜或元件。

Ammonia synthesis for fertilizer production

A method for synthesizing ammonia for agricultural fertilizers employs water (H2O) as the source of hydrogen (H2) in ammonia (NH3) synthesis, and gathers carbon monoxide (CO) as a limiting reagent for combining in a WGS (Water-Gas-Shift) reaction for producing hydrogen. The WGS reaction employs CO with the water to produce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and H2, consuming undesirable CO from other industrial applications. A by-product of the process includes generating 1.5 mole of CO2 for each mole of ammonia synthesized. An intermediate step consumes 3 moles of hydrogen for each mole of Nitrogen (N2). The use of methane gas is avoided as the process employs CO and the WGS reaction as an exclusive source of H2 without introducing methane (CH4). A downstream synthesis of ammonia can be done through a fuel cell to produce electricity for the ammonia synthesis for further sustainability.

A method for the production of light hydrocarbons from gas with high methane content, a solid oxide fuel cell used for the production of light hydrocarbons from gas with high methane content, and a catalyst for the production of light hydrocarbons from gas with high methane content

The present invention refers to the conversion of gaseous or gasifiable fuels with high methane content, such as natural gas, biogas, synthesis gas or gas originated from various industrial process rejects, with or without prior desulfurization and elimination of other contaminants, in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), with special anodes, based on mixed oxides or metal oxides with a perovskite type structure, either or not nanostructured, into light hydrocarbons, primarily ethylene and ethane.

Intermittent electrochemical reduction system of carbon dioxide

이산화탄소의 간헐적 전기화학적 환원 시스템에 관한 것이다. To an intermittent electrochemical reduction system of carbon dioxide.

Electrolytic reactor such as fuel cell with zeolite membrane

An electrochemical reactor such as a fuel cell has a zeolite membrane (7) separating the anode (4) and cathode (5) compartments which allows the passage of ions through the membrane to carry an electric current, but prevents the passage of fuel molecules etc. through the membrane which might poison the catalyst used in the fuel cell. It is useful in methanol fuel cells using a basic electrolyte such as a carbonate salt and there can be a second zeolite membrane which prevents escape of methanol into the atmosphere which enables the fuel cell to operate at higher temperatures and hence be more efficient.

Electrolysis system and method

An electrolysis system, comprising a power supply configured to provide an input voltage; and a controller configured to receive the input voltage and output a pulse width modulated voltage, the output voltage being a 30V square wave having a variable duty cycle in the range of 1% to 10%. The system further comprises at least one electrolysis cell configured to receive the output voltage, each electrolysis cell comprising a plurality of metal plates, each electrolysis cell being configured for receiving water containing an electrolyte to split the water when the output voltage is received.

Gas to hydrogen process with co-production of carbon

The disclosure relates in its first aspect to a process of conversion of a gaseous stream comprising methane into hydrogen ( 51 ) and carbon ( 25 ), the process is remarkable in that it comprises a step (a) of providing a first gaseous stream ( 3, 7 ); a step (b) of bromination and synthesis in which the first gaseous stream ( 3, 7 ) is put in contact with a second stream ( 53 ) comprising bromine resulting in the formation of a third stream ( 15 ) comprising methyl bromides and hydrogen bromide, and of a fourth stream ( 25 ) comprising carbon including graphite and/or carbon black; a step (c) of separation performed on the third stream ( 15 ) to recover a hydrogen bromide-rich stream ( 41 ) which is then oxidized in a step (d) to produce a stream ( 51 ) comprising hydrogen. The second aspect relates to the installation for performing the process of the first aspect and the third aspect concerns the use of bromine in such process.

Electrochemical method for producing pressurised gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis then by electrochemical conversion

The invention relates to an electrochemical method for producing gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis then electrochemical conversion of H+ ions into gaseous hydrogen, either by depolarisation with production of electrical energy (battery) or by catalysis. The aim of the invention is to improve said method in order to reach, industrially, high pressures of gaseous hydrogen, for example >80 bars. To this end, the method essentially consists in implementing, in a decoupled manner, at least one step of E l electrolysis of an electrolyte producing gaseous oxygen in a chamber E l , and at least one step of electrochemical conversion C° of H+ ions into gaseous hydrogen in a chamber C° containing a liquid phase L and a gaseous phase G which is not dissolved in said liquid phase. In said method: the gaseous hydrogen produced in the conversion step C° is partially present in the crown of the chamber C° and in the form of bubbles in the electrolyte and partially dissolved in the electrolyte which as a result becomes saturated with hydrogen; the electrolyte comprises at least one redox couple (A/B) forming at least one intermediate vector allowing the decoupling of the steps El & C°; the interface between phase G and phase L is increased during step C° in such a way as to accelerate the diffusion of the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, dissolved hydrogen potentially supersaturating the electrolyte; and the pressurised gaseous hydrogen is collected in a reservoir. The invention also relates to devices for implementing such a production method and to a kit comprising one of said devices and components of the electrolyte.

A kind of Hydrogen Energy is produced and utilizes system

本发明公开了一种氢能制取与利用系统，所述系统包括：可再生能源发电装置，所述可再生能源发电装置通过可再生能源进行发电，产生第一电能和第二电能；电解水制氢装置，所述电解水制氢装置的输入端与所述可再生能源发电装置的输出端管连接；电解海水制氢装置，所述电解海水制氢装置通过电解海水制备出第二氢气；加压转换装置，所述加压转换装置的输入端分别与所述电解水制氢装置的输出端、所述电解海水制氢装置的输出端管连接；天然气管网，所述天然气管网的输入端与所述加压转换装置的输出端管连接。达到了充分回收利用可再生能源发电、制氢，储存氢能以供给燃料电池车辆使用，进而减少不可再生能源消耗，改善大气环境的技术效果。

Coated membranes

The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25°C to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Electrolytic reactor such as fuel cell with zeolite membrane

一种电化学反应器(例如燃料电池)具有将阳极室(4)和阴极室(5)隔离的沸石膜(7),该沸石膜允许离子穿过该膜而传导电流,但阻止可能会使应用于燃料电池中的催化剂中毒的燃料分子等穿过该膜。它适用于应用碱性电解质(例如碳酸盐)的甲醇燃料电池,并且可能存在第二层沸石膜,它阻止甲醇逸入大气,从而使燃料电池能在更高温度下工作,所以更有效。

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS FROM METHANIC RICH GASES, STATES THE SOLID OXIDE FUEL USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS, AND, CATALYST FOR LEVES GARDEN RIOBON GARS In Methane

processo para a produção de hidrocarbonetos leves a partir de gases ricos em metano, pilha a combustível de óxido sólido utilizada para a produção de hidrocarbonetos leves a partir de gases ricos em metano, e, catalisador para a produção de hidrocarbonetos leves a partir de gases ricos em metano. a presente invenção refere-se à conversão de combustíveis gasosos ou gaseificáveis ricos em metano, tais como gás natural, biogases, gases de síntese ou de rejeitos de processos industriais variados, com ou sem prévia dessulfurização e eliminação de outros contaminantes, em uma pilha a combustível de óxido sólido (pilha a combustível de óxido sólido (pacos)), com anodos especiais, a base de óxidos mistos ou óxidos de metais com estrutura perovskita, nanoestruturados ou não, em hidrocarbonetos leves, principalmente, eteno e etano. process for the production of light hydrocarbons from methane rich gases, solid oxide fuel cell used for the production of light hydrocarbons from methane rich gases, and catalyst for the production of light hydrocarbons from rich gases in methane. The present invention relates to the conversion of methane-rich gaseous or gaseous fuels, such as natural gas, biogases, synthetic gases or tailings from various industrial processes, with or without prior desulphurization and elimination of other contaminants, into a battery solid oxide fuel (solid oxide fuel cell (pacos)), with special anodes, based on mixed oxides or metal oxides with perovskite structure, nanostructured or not, in light hydrocarbons, mainly ethylene and ethane.

Procedure for storing electrical energy in solid matter

Postopek vključuje dva tehnološka segmenta, (i) redukcijski in (ii) oksidacijski, ki sta med seboj povezana z različnimi tehnološkimi procesi za regeneracijo raztopin in plinov in rekuperacijo toplote. Redukcijski segment predstavlja elektrolizo, ki poteka iz raztopine kloridnih soli elementov nosilca energije. Med elektrolizo pride do redukcije teh elementov v nižje oksidacijsko stanje, njihovo strjevanje na elektrodah ali obarjanje v trdno stanje. Tako pridobljena trdna snov predstavlja nosilec energije,ki ga lahko skladiščimo zunaj elektrolizatorja dokler ne nastane potreba po dodatni energiji. Med elektrolizo se razvija plin klor, ki ga zajemamo in raztapljamo v vodi. S tem regeneriramo raztopino HCl, ki se porablja v oksidacijskem segmentu. Pri tem procesu se sprošča kisik. Energijo, ki smo jo na tak način shranili v oksidacijskem potencialu nosilca energije, sprostimo med spontano kemijsko reakcijo nosilca energije in raztopino HCl v oksidacijskem segmentu. Med to kemijsko reakcijo pride do povišanjaoksidacijskega stanja kemijskih elementov, ki sestavljajo nosilec energije, v oksidacijsko stanje, ki je enako tistemu pred začetkom izvajanja elektrolize. Ob tem se tvori še reakcijski produkt vodik, ki predstavlja visokokalorično gorivo. To gorivo lahko takoj, brez potrebe po vmesnem skladiščenju, pretvorimo v toploto ali električno energijo po že znanih postopkih. V celoten postopek vstopa samo voda izstopa pa kisik in vodik za vse ostale snovi je cikel snovno zaprt oziroma krožen.

Solid multi-component membranes for reactions.

Electric power generator using potable water, with oxygen and hydrogen release

The utility model consists of an electricity generator with drinking water, discharging oxygen and hydrogen based on the differential electronegativity phenomenon of chemical elements, which uses drinkable water to transfer the electrical loads. The novelty lies in the fact that by using electrodes having particular physical structures, made of different materials and adding a condenser, an alternative impulse generator and a doubler or a voltage multiplier useful, stronger power is achieved. In this process, water electrolysis takes place concomitantly, gas bubbles appearing in the two electrodes. As we know, oxygen is discharged to the anode, in the case in point, the aluminium electrode, and hydrogen to the cathode, in our case the copper electrode. In a larger generator, these gases may be collected and used to produce heat energy or in industry, agriculture, medicine etc. It can be used in any field of industry, agriculture, medicine, household etc.

Battery system for converting nitrate wastewater into ammonia

本发明涉及电池技术及硝酸盐废液处理和合成氨领域，特别是涉及一种将硝酸盐废水转化为氨的电池系统，所述电池系统包括电池阳极、电池阴极及电解质，所述电池阳极为活泼金属材料，所述电池阴极为以负载硝酸盐还原催化剂材料的电极，所述电解质为含硝酸盐的废水，所述电池系统发电的同时将废水中的硝酸盐转化为氨。本发明提供一种将硝酸盐废水转化为氨的电池系统，实现废物资源化利用，产生经济效益。

Electrochemical process for oxidation of alkanes to alkenes

An electrochemical process for the oxidation of an alkane to at least one corresponding alkene uses an electrochemical cell having an anode chamber on one side of a proton conducting medium, and a cathode chamber on the other side of the said medium. The alkane is oxidized in the anode chamber to produce at least one corresponding alkene and protons are transferred through a proton conducting membrane to the cathode chamber where protons combine with a proton acceptor, while generating electricity and water. An apparatus for use in the process is also provided.

CO2Method and device for producing hydrogen by mineralizing solid waste power generation coupling

本发明公开了CO 2 矿化固废发电耦合制氢方法及装置，包括矿化发电单元和电解制氢单元，采用CO 2 矿化发电单元为电解制氢单元提供电能，所述矿化发电单元的正极和电解制氢单元的阳极相连，所述矿化发电单元的负极和电解制氢单元的阴极相连。本发明的有益效果是：整个工艺过程绿色、环保、经济，矿化发电所使用的原料碱性工业固废和CO 2 是带来严重环保问题的工业排放物，矿化发电原料之一芒硝，自然储量丰富，价格低廉，制氢系统所需原料H 2 O或乙醇，来源广、成本低，极大的降低了电解制氢工艺中的电费成本，极具经济竞争力。

ELECTRICITY MASS STORAGE USING ELECTROLYSABLE METAL AS VECTOR

Stockage d'énergie à partir d'énergie électrique à base de sulfate d'un métal électrolisable, permettant de produire de l'hydrogène sous pression à la demande sans compresseur au sein d'un même réacteur. Storage of energy from electrolessable sulphate-based electrical energy to produce pressurized hydrogen on demand without a compressor in the same reactor.

Graphene oxide prepared by electrochemically oxidizing and cutting end face of carbon-based three-dimensional material and method therefor

The present invention relates to a method for preparing graphene oxide by cutting an end face of a 3-dimensional carbon-based material by electrochemical oxidation and the graphene oxide prepared by the method. The method comprises connecting a piece of a 3-dimensional carbon-based material as an electrode and another piece of a 3-dimensional carbon-based material or inert material as another electrode to the two electrodes of a DC power supply. A working face of one piece of 3-dimensional carbon-based material contacts the surface of an electrolyte solution, and the two pieces are electrified for electrolysis, during which the working face is between -5 mm below and 5 mm above the surface of the electrolyte solution. The graphite lamella on the end face of one piece of the 3 dimensional carbon-based material used as an electrode is expansion-exfoliated and cut into graphene oxide by electrochemical oxidation, to obtain a graphene oxide-containing electrolyte solution.

Metal-carbon dioxide battery and hydrogen generating and carbon dioxide storage system comprising the same

본 발명은 금속-이산화탄소 전지, 및 이를 포함하는 수소 생성 및 이산화탄소 저장 시스템에 관한 것이다.

Chemical reactor for controlled temperature gas phase oxidation reactions