Interlocking Rubber Tiles For Playgrounds

A tile for covering an area which interlocks with an adjacent tile includes a main body having a top surface and a bottom surface disposed opposite the top surface. The main body has at least a first lateral side and a second lateral side. The tile includes a plurality of spaced apart male connectors situated on the first lateral side, and a plurality of spaced apart female receptacles situated on the second lateral side. The tile further includes a plurality of spaced apart slots and a plurality of spaced apart projections. Each slot is situated on either the first lateral side or the second lateral side of the main body inbetween either adjacent male connectors or adjacent female receptacles. Similarly, each projection is situated either on the first lateral side or the second lateral side of the main body inbetween either adjacent female receptacles or adjacent male connectors. The male connectors of the tile are engageable with female receptacles of an adjacent tile so that the tile may interlock with the adjacent tile. Also, the projections of the tile are receivable by slots of the adjacent tile to help prevent the tiles from curling or separating.

Reinforced Rubber Tile with Laminated Top Layer and Air Cushion Effect

An odorless composite floor tile suitable for indoor or outdoor use is formed from elastomer particles. The composite floor tile has a lower layer that is formed by binding a first group of elastomer particles with an adhesive, and is stabilized with meshes of fiberglass fibers. The composite floor tile also has a laminated upper layer. The laminated upper layer is formed by binding a second group of elastomer particles with the adhesive, or formed from synthetic rubber and/or natural rubber, polymeric materials, or fiber materials. The composite floor tile has shock absorption and anti-slippage properties. The composite floor tile has an attractive upper surface that includes a variety of color patterns. Further, the composite floor tile also has a shock absorbing lower layer providing an air cushion effect that is also permeable to air and liquids which reduces or eliminates the breeding and spread of bacteria and mildew.

Pot hole repair patch and method of installation

A road patch for repair of potholes is disclosed. A pothole is preliminarily repaired with asphalt fill and compacted per current standard practice. Thereafter, a road patch is placed upon the compacted top surface of the asphalt fill, overlapping onto the adjacent road surface and compressed. The road patch forms a water proof seal over the surface area of the patch preventing water from seeping into the repaired pothole. The patch also resists crack propagation and minimizes the potential of asphalt chipping and the breaking down of the asphalt fill.

WOODEN DECK FASTENING DEVICE

A square-shaped wooden deck fastening device connected to a lower surface of a wooden deck includes: a plurality of first projecting surfaces formed to extend upwards from corners on one side of the fastening device in a width direction; a plurality of second projecting surfaces formed to extend upwards from corners on the other side of the fastening device in the width direction; a plurality of fastening parts formed to be cut away and extends in the width direction to be parallel to the first projecting surfaces; and a first extending part that is formed opposite the fastening parts, extends on the other side in the width direction to be parallel to the second projecting surfaces, and has a plurality of insertion parts formed in the width direction to protrude upwards. The fastening parts are fixed by being inserted into the insertion parts of the first extending part. 1100. A square-shaped wooden deck fastening device () that is connected to a lower surface of a wooden deck , the device comprising:{'b': 110', '100, 'a plurality of first projecting surfaces () that is formed to extend upwards from corners on one side of the fastening device () in a width direction;'}{'b': 120', '100, 'a plurality of second projecting surfaces () that is formed to extend upwards from corners on the other side of the fastening device () in the width direction;'}{'b': 130', '110, 'a plurality of fastening parts () that is formed to be cut away and extends in the width direction to be parallel to the first projecting surfaces (); and'}{'b': 140', '130', '120', '141, 'a first extending part () that is formed opposite the fastening parts (), extends on the other side in the width direction to be parallel to the second projecting surfaces (), and is provided with a plurality of insertion parts () formed in the width direction to protrude upwards,'}{'b': 130', '141', '140, 'wherein the fastening parts () are fixed by being inserted into the insertion parts () of the first extending part ...

Pothole and utility cut repair overlay and method of installation

A road overlay product for protecting a repaired road portion including repaired potholes and utility cuts. A pothole or utility cut is preliminarily repaired with asphalt fill and compacted per current standard practice. Thereafter, the overlay is placed upon the compacted top surface of the asphalt fill, overlapping onto the adjacent road surface and compressed. The overlay forms a water proof seal preventing water from seeping into the repaired area. The overlay also resists crack propagation and minimizes the potential of asphalt chipping and the breaking down of the asphalt fill and surrounding roadway.

ASPHALT BRICK DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

The present invention provides an asphalt brick device and method of manufacture, the asphalt brick device used for repairing potholes and other roadway deformities, as provided in the present invention. An additional aspect of the present invention is to provide an asphalt brick device that is of predictable and readily-varied composition that reflects the characteristics of the targeted repair site, ambient conditions, logistical requirements such as delivery and sizing of the material, and operational requirements. Further, the asphalt brick device may be configured to be stackable to satisfy user-defined asphalt repair delivery and ordering requirements. 1. An asphalt brick device having a predetermined shape , comprising:a body having an upper surface, a lower surface, a front surface and a rear surface to define a specific shape;wherein the body comprises an aggregate and a binding agent of a user-selected relative proportion by one of volume and of weight based on pre-determined calculations;wherein the aggregate and binding agent are mixable when the body is in a first state;wherein when the asphalt brick device is adapted to be transportable and stacked.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the body is configured to operate in a first state and a second state claim 1 , the first state a moldable state and the second state a solid state.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first state operates above a first temperature and the second state operates below a second temperature.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the first temperature is 250 degree F.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate is comprised of at least one of crushed stone claim 1 , gravel claim 1 , sand claim 1 , silt and clay.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the binding agent is comprised of a bituminous material.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the binding agent is in the range of 4-8 percent by weight of the mixed aggregate and binding agent.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Embedment plate for pedestrian walkways with reinforced projections

An embedment tile for producing a tactilely detectable surface in a pedestrian walkway with an improved cross beam anchor.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SERVICING PAVEMENT

A removable and serviceable paving apparatus including an access port for providing access to the interior of the slab. The access port is operable to improve access to components of the paving system prior to, during, and/or after installation. The paving apparatus further includes a removable fastener for improving removability and serviceability. The removable fastener attaches the paving apparatus to its neighboring structures to form a paving surface, may be disengaged from the neighboring structures for removal, repair and/or service of the paving apparatus, and may be re-engaged upon re-installation of the paving apparatus. 1. A paving apparatus , comprising:a slab having an access port (i) extending at least partially into the slab, and (ii) configured to provide access to an interior portion of the slab; anda receiver (i) at least partially embedded in the access port of the slab, and (ii) configured to provide a point of engagement for the slab.2. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a sensor (i) at least partially embedded in the access port of the slab, and (ii) configured to monitor at least one of (a) a physical condition of the slab and (b) the presence of a vehicle.3. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a removable plug at least partially sealing the access port.4. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the slab further includes an internal reinforcement system.5. The paving apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the internal reinforcement system includes a first layer of steel rebar adjacent to a second layer of steel rebar claim 4 , the second layer of steel rebar being orthogonal to the first layer of steel rebar.6. The paving apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the receiver is a lift lug.7. The paving apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the lift lug is secured to the internal reinforcement system of the slab.8. The paving apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the lift lug is secured to the access port.9. The paving apparatus of claim 1 ...

Dual direction pre-stressed pre-tensioned precast concrete slabs and process for same

A precast roadway slab is pre-tensioned longitudinally and transversely, and may also be post-tensioned. A casting bed has the capability of permitting pre-tensioning of a concrete cast to be carried out within the casting bed in both the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. Slots are provided at regular intervals within the side walls and jacking heads of the casting bed for tensioning wires to pass therethrough for pre-tensioning. The process utilizes a multilayer grid of pre-tensioning wires disposed within the casting bed, prior to pouring of the concrete. The cast concrete product can also be made with optional tubular ducts, laid parallel to the longitudinal wires, for post-tensioning subsequent to the cast of the concrete. The post-tensioning of the hardened cast, if called for, takes place at the job site.

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures;one or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith, whereby the transmitters or receivers are configured to communicate with mobile devices, mobile device applications, wearable devices, machines, or other electronic devices; anda plurality of releasable fasteners, wherein said surface tactile panel system is releasably attachable to said frame with said releasable fasteners which are tamper-proof and/or lockable;wherein said pedestrian walkway has a ground surface substrate and said surface tactile panel system is seated in a frame which is molded, formed or installed in said ground surface substrate.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The ...

Patio blocks and block systems with side surface positioning and retaining structures

A landscaping block having a block body with at least a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, and opposed and substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer projection extending outwardly from each of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer locator positioned along each one of the first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The at least one spacer locator positioned along each side surface has a retaining surface shaped to receive a spacer projection, at least a portion of the retaining surface extending outwardly from the side surface.

DYNAMIC PAVER DEVICE WITH VIBRATION FEEDBACK

A dynamic paver device with vibration feedback is provided. In some embodiments, a paver device comprises: a paver having a top surface and a bottom surface; a paver frame that creates an interior cavity upon being connected with the paver; at least one pressure sensor connected to the paver, wherein the at least one pressure sensor detects a change in an amount of pressure applied to the top surface of the paver; a vibration system connected to the bottom surface of the paver, wherein the vibration system is configured to provide a vibrational force to the bottom surface of the paver; and a controller connected to the at least one pressure sensor and the vibration system, wherein the controller is configured to: receive, from the at least one pressure sensor, a presence indication of an object on the top surface of the paver based on the detected change in the amount of pressure being applied to the top surface of the paver at a first time; and, in response to receiving the presence indication from the at least one pressure sensor, transmit a first signal to the vibration system that causes the vibration system to provide the vibrational force to the bottom surface of the paver. 1. A paver device comprising:a paver having a top surface and a bottom surface;a paver frame that is connected to the paver and that creates an interior cavity with the paver;a sensor that is configured to detect one or more touches to the top surface of the paver;a vibration system connected to the paver, wherein the vibration system is configured to provide a vibrational force to one or more portions of the paver; anda controller connected to the sensor and the vibration system, wherein the controller is configured to receive, from the sensor, an indication of an object on the top surface of the paver and, in response to receiving the indication from the sensor, determine whether to transmit a signal to the vibration system that causes the vibration system to provide the vibrational force ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures, wherein said subsurface enclosure or enclosures have waterproof penetrations therein to facilitate conduit and external connections entering or exiting said subsurface enclosure or enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith, whereby the transmitters or receivers are configured to communicate with mobile devices, mobile device applications, wearable devices, machines, or other electronic devices.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A system comprising a network of two or more multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatuses comprising: a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; and', 'one or more subsurface enclosures;', 'one or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith, whereby the transmitters or receivers are configured to communicate with mobile devices, mobile device applications, wearable devices, machines, or other electronic devices., 'a plurality of multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatuses, each of said apparatuses comprising'}2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric ...

MONOLITHIC PAVER

Various monolithic pavers are one-piece pavers with no seams, joints, or connections. A monolithic paver can be formed via three dimensional (3D) printing or molding. The monolithic paver is designed to carry applied loads to paver support(s) via structural members of the monolithic paver. The monolithic paver is formed to include parallel structural members that are spaced with gaps there between. The parallel structural members include top flanges and webs. The parallel structural members can also include bottom flanges. Moreover, the monolithic paver can have exterior sides that have tongues and grooves formed there along; tongues can be formed along adjoining exterior sides of the monolithic paver. 1. A monolithic paver , comprising:a first side structural member;a second side structural member;interior structural members, the interior structural members are between and in parallel with the first side structural member and the second side structural member;a first end structural member, the first end structural member is perpendicular with respect to the first side structural member and the second side structural member; anda second end structural member, the second end structural member is perpendicular with respect to the first side structural member and the second side structural member;wherein the monolithic paver is one monolith formed of a single material;wherein the first side structural member, the second side structural member, the interior structural members, the first end structural member, and the second end structural member are integrally formed in the one monolith;wherein the interior structural members are open web structural members;wherein a top surface of the monolithic paver comprises top surfaces of the first side structural member, the second side structural member, the interior structural members, the first end structural member, and the second end structural member; andwherein the top surfaces of the first side structural member, the ...

LIGHTWEIGHT PANEL MAT WITH INTERLOCKING ELEMENTS

A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the upper surface and a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section. The panel mats also have first, second, third and fourth sides that are configured with tabular extensions or openings, slots or recesses configured and dimensioned to be able to receive the tabular extensions. At least some of the tabs and slots are configured to facilitate snap-locking. Thus, a plurality of similarly configured panel mats can be connected by interlocking of the tabs of one mat into the openings, slots or recesses of one or more adjacent similarly configured mats. 1. A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and designed to be interlocked with additional panel mats of similar configurations , comprising:a first section having an upper surface that forms a top surface of the panel mat and is relatively flat, textured or structured to facilitate movement over the upper surface;a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells that are open or wherein some or all of the cells have top surfaces with the geometry supporting the first section and providing a plurality of open lower surfaces;first, second, third and fourth sides wherein:the first side is configured with a plurality of tabular extensions;the second side is located adjacent the first side and is configured with a plurality of tabular extensions;the third side is located opposite the first side and is configured with openings that are unobstructed and configured, dimensioned and arranged to receive therein the plurality of first side tabular extensions; andthe fourth side is located opposite the second side and is configured with slots or recesses that are configured, dimensioned and arranged to receive ...

PANEL MATS CONNECTABLE WITH INTERLOCKING AND PINNING ELEMENTS

A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the upper surface and a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section. The mats also include first, second, third and fourth sides forming a perimeter of the mat, wherein the first and second sides include upper structures having a sloped lower surface and the third and fourth sides include lower structures having sloped upper surfaces. The sloped surfaces are configured to allow for overlapping with sloped surfaces other like mats for interlocking therewith while forming a generally flat continuous top and bottom surface of the overlapped mats. The mats may be interlocked by a fastening member which fits in aligned openings of the adjacent mats for connection therewith. 1. A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and designed to be interlocked with additional panel mats of similar configurations , comprising:a first section having an upper surface that forms a top surface of the panel mat and is relatively flat, textured or structured to facilitate movement over the upper surface;a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having a polygonal, circular or elliptical sidewall shape that is open or wherein some or all of the cells have flat top surfaces with the geometry supporting the first section and providing a plurality of open lower surfaces;first, second, third and fourth sides forming a perimeter of the mat, wherein:the first and second sides are adjacent and each includes an upper structure that has an upper surface that extends the top surface of the mat and a lower surface that slopes downwardly towards the bottom surface of the mat;the third and fourth sides are adjacent and each includes a lower structure that has a lower surface that ...

Bridge decking and installation

A pre-fabricated deck panel includes a plurality of corrugations extending transversely along a length, and a pre-fabricated end dam on at least one end of the panel. The end dam extends to a height of the corrugations. The panel may further include at least one pre-fabricated side edge dam on at least one side of the panel. The side edge dam extends to height above the corrugations.

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING COST EFFECTIVE CORE SUPPORT STRUCTURES

A mat that includes first and second side beams, a core support structure located between and connected to the side beams, with the core support structure including longitudinal members and having a height that is less than that of the side beams; one or more elongated members attached to the upper portion of the core support structure to form with the beams the top surface of the mat, and one or more elongated members attached to the lower portion of the support structure to form with the beams the bottom surface of the mat. Preferably, a plurality of joining rods attach the side beams to the support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members. Also, steel plates can be provided between the beams and longitudinal members to increase the strength and ruggedness of the mat. 1. A mat having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces and comprising:first and second side beams having a height, width and length with a top surface, sides, and a bottom surface;a core support structure located between and connected to a side of first and second side beams, with the core support structure having a height that is less than that of the side beams, a width and a length, with the core support structure comprising first and second longitudinal members;a plurality of joining rods that attach the side beams to the core support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members of the core support structure;one or more first elongated members attached to the upper portion of the core support structure, wherein the top surface of the mat is formed by the top surfaces of the first and second side beams and the first elongated member(s); andone or more second elongated members attached to the lower portion of the core support structure, wherein the bottom surface of the mat is formed by the bottom surfaces of the first and second side beams and ...

Bearing pad

A bearing pad for receiving and retaining the substantially vertically oriented structural members of a module for use in constructing a pathway and supporting the pathway module on a ground surface can include a main body member having a lower ground engaging surface and a first slot defined by a first cross support member engaging portion of the main body member. The first slot can be planar and disposed transversely to the lower ground engaging surface of the main body member. The vertically oriented structural member that can be received and retained in the first slot by the first cross support member engaging portion of the main body member.

BIO-ACCESS MAT

Disclosed are stable bases comprising: a plurality of members, a plurality of poles, and a plurality of dowels, where the combination provides a stable, biodegradable mat. Also disclosed are methods of constructing the above device with biodegradable materials.

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric material claim 2 , plastic composite claim 2 , polyurethane with glass fiber claim 2 , fiber reinforced plastic claim 2 , concrete claim 2 , polymer concrete claim 2 , fiber reinforced foam claim 2 , graphene claim 2 , sheet molding compound ...

TWISTED BLOCK

A block suitable for use in paving, edging or wall applications comprises a lower portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a first width, and an upper portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a second width. The second width is smaller than the first width of the lower portion, and the side faces of the upper portion are angled relative to the side faces of the lower portion. The block further comprises a transition portion between the upper and lower portions, having at least one slanted side extending between one or more sides of the lower portion and one or more sides, respectively, of the upper portion. 1. A block suitable for use in paving , edging or wall applications , the block comprising:a lower portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a first width;an upper portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a second width, the second width being smaller than the first width of the lower portion, the side faces of the upper portion being angled relative to the side faces of the lower portion; anda transition portion between the upper and lower portions having at least one slanted side extending between one or more sides of the lower portion and one or more sides, respectively, of the upper portion.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. A block according to claim 1 , wherein the lower portion and the upper portion each generally define a square or a rectangle in plan view.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. The block of claim 1 , wherein the lower portion includes first and second end faces extending between the lower portion side faces claim 1 , and the upper portion includes first and second end faces extending between the upper portion side faces;wherein the transition portion further comprises additional slanted sides extending between the first and second end faces of the lower portion and the ...

Wooden Paving Tile

A paving system that uses a number of individual pavers with defined void spaces between the pavers. Each paver is made entirely out of natural wood, such as Black Locust wood. A matrix, such as a wire mesh, may be used to maintain the void spaces before and during installation. The void spaces may be filled with gravel or another permeable material. The pavers may have the form of tiles, such as cubic tiles, and may be positioned in some cases with their grain oriented vertically. 1. A paving system , comprising:a plurality of untreated Black Locust wood pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another, the defined pattern creating regular void spaces therebetween;wherein the void spaces and the paving system as a whole are water permeable in a finished installation.2. The paving system of claim 1 , further comprising a matrix that maintains the defined pattern and the void spaces.3. The paving system of claim 2 , wherein the matrix comprises a wire mesh.4. The paving system of claim 3 , wherein the wood pavers are disposed in or on the wire mesh.5. The paving system of claim 4 , wherein the wood pavers are attached to the wire mesh.6. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the wood pavers are arranged with their grain oriented vertically.7. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the wood pavers are cubic.8. The paving system of claim 1 , further comprising a matrix claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pavers are arranged in a rectangular array on or in the matrix.9. A paving system claim 1 , comprising:a plurality of untreated Black Locust wood pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another on a matrix, the defined pattern creating regular void spaces therebetween, the void spaces being maintained with a permeable medium, such that the paving system as a whole is water permeable.10. The paving system of claim 9 , wherein the permeable medium is gravel.11. The paving system of claim 10 , wherein the permeable medium comprises a plurality of ...

Pervious Paving Mat with Raised Teeth

A permeable paving mat for installation onto a surface. The mat includes a top side, a bottom side, a notched side, and a continuous side, and is composed of shapes forming a structure. The top side includes a series of groves at the edges of the shapes with the corner of the shapes including an aperture to allow for the infiltration of water from the top side. The notched side secures to an adjacent notched side through interlocking with the continuous side including a plurality of through holes to receive a fiberglass rod. The continuous sides are secured to each other by using an extended rod. The bottom side of the shapes are frustum shaped to provide a raised surface. 1. A permeable paving mat for placement onto a surface , the permeable paving mat comprising:a top side, the top side having a plurality of grooves, the grooves defining a border of a defined shape, the grooves in communication with a plurality of apertures, the apertures located within the grooves and extending a thickness of the mat, wherein the apertures allow for the flow of surface water to an underside of the mat;a bottom side, the bottom side opposite the top side and in communication with the surface, the bottom side being formed from a plurality of frustum shaped sections, the frustum shaped sections forming a profile resembling a tread surface, wherein the tapered nature of the frustum shaped sections form gaps for the transfer of water through the mat and onto the surface;a pair of notched ends, each of the notched ends on opposed sides of the mat, each of the notched ends having a defined gap, the gaps spaced alternately on each opposed sides, wherein the notched ends are configured to intermesh when placed adjacent to an opposed side of the notched end of an additional mat;a pair of continuous ends, the continuous end defining an edge of the width of the mat, the continuous ends each having a through hole, the through holes extending the width of the mat; anda rod, the rod sized for ...

DUAL DIRECTION PRE-STRESSED PRE-TENSIONED PRECAST CONCRETE SLABS AND PROCESS FOR SAME

A precast roadway slab is pre-tensioned longitudinally and transversely, and may also be post-tensioned. A casting bed has the capability of permitting pre-tensioning of a concrete cast to be carried out within the casting bed in both the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. Slots are provided at regular intervals within the side walls and jacking heads of the casting bed for tensioning wires to pass therethrough for pre-tensioning. The process utilizes a multilayer grid of pre-tensioning wires disposed within the casting bed, prior to pouring of the concrete. The cast concrete product can also be made with optional tubular ducts, laid parallel to the longitudinal wires, for post-tensioning subsequent to the cast of the concrete. The post-tensioning of the hardened cast, if called for, takes place at the job site. 1. A process for preparing a dual direction prestressed pretensioned slab of concrete which comprises:(A) creating a casting bed having a base, spaced aligned side walls, and steel jacking heads all of which are upstanding from said base, wherein each side wall and each jacking head has spaced ports therethrough along the length thereof, which spaced ports are aligned both elevationally and by distance between adjacent ports on each of the two side walls;(B) laying out a series of spaced pre-stressing longitudinal wires along the length of the casting bed, of a length that exceeds the length of the cast to be made, with the termini of said wires to be accessible for stressing prior to a cast;(C) laying out a series of spaced pre-stressing wires transversely at uniform intervals along the length of the cast to be made and disposed above, below or above and below the longitudinal wires, the termini of each transverse wire extending through the slots of the two respective side walls of said casting bed;(D) laying out a series of spaced elongated tubes at the same elevation as the longitudinal wires for the future reception of post ...

DYNAMIC PAVER DEVICE WITH VIBRATION FEEDBACK

A dynamic paver device with vibration feedback is provided. In some embodiments, a paver device comprises: a paver having a top surface and a bottom surface; a paver frame that creates an interior cavity upon being connected with the paver; at least one pressure sensor connected to the paver, wherein the at least one pressure sensor detects a change in an amount of pressure applied to the top surface of the paver; a vibration system connected to the bottom surface of the paver, wherein the vibration system is configured to provide a vibrational force to the bottom surface of the paver; and a controller connected to the at least one pressure sensor and the vibration system, wherein the controller is configured to: receive, from the at least one pressure sensor, a presence indication of an object on the top surface of the paver based on the detected change in the amount of pressure being applied to the top surface of the paver at a first time; and, in response to receiving the presence indication from the at least one pressure sensor, transmit a first signal to the vibration system that causes the vibration system to provide the vibrational force to the bottom surface of the paver. 1. A paver device comprising:a paver having a top surface and a bottom surface;a paver frame that creates an interior cavity upon being connected with the paver;at least one pressure sensor connected to the paver, wherein the at least one pressure sensor detects a change in an amount of pressure applied to the top surface of the paver;a vibration system connected to the bottom surface of the paver, wherein the vibration system is configured to provide a vibrational force to the bottom surface of the paver; and receive, from the at least one pressure sensor, a presence indication of an object on the top surface of the paver based on the detected change in the amount of pressure being applied to the top surface of the paver at a first time; and', 'in response to receiving the presence ...

Mat

A movable mat is formed from a plurality of elongate beams arranged in side-by-side relationship. The mat features a recessed area formed from a pair of adjacent notched beams. An elongate connector passes through both of the adjacent notched beams at the recessed area. A portion of the connector within the notch is surrounded by a rigid sleeve. At least one pocket is formed in an upper surface of one of the beams. A rotatable coupler is situated within the pocket. The mat may be moved by attaching lifting equipment to the connector at one of the recesses or to the coupler. To form a flooring system, a plurality of mats may be arranged adjacent each other on a surface of the ground. 1. A mat , comprising: 'a pair of adjacent notched beams, each notched beam having a notch formed in no more than a portion of its upper surface, the notches disposed in contiguous relationship to form a recess within the mat.', 'a plurality of elongate beams arranged in side-by-side relationship, each beam having a pair of opposed side surfaces and a pair of opposed upper and lower surfaces, comprising2. The mat of in which each notched beam has opposed ends claim 1 , and in which each notch is contiguous with one of the ends of the notched beam within which it is formed.3. The mat of in which the recess formed within the mat extends between the upper and lower surfaces of the adjacent notched beams.4. The mat of in which a width of each notch is one-half a width of the notched beam in which the notch is formed.5. The mat of claim 1 , further comprising:a plurality of elongate connectors, each connector extending transversely through each of the plurality of beams, including at least one connector that extends through the contiguous notches of the adjacent notched beams.6. The mat of claim 5 , further comprising:a rigid sleeve positioned within the recess and surrounding the at least one connector.7. The mat of in which each connector is rigid.8. The mat of in which each connector ...

REINFORCED LAMINATED SUPPORT MAT

A support mat includes a plurality of vertically oriented individual wood members adhesively bonded to each other, each of the individual wood members having wide faces oriented parallel to a direction of a load applied to the support mat, the support mat having outboard wood members, the outwardly facing wide faces of the outboard wood members defining a wide face of the support mat. The support mat also includes least two protective edge members, each protective edge member having an inboard wide face, each of the at least two protective edge members positioned against one the wide faces of the support mat. At least two substantially rigid fasteners extend through and connect each of the protective edge members and adjacent wood members. The wood members, protective edge members, and fasteners define a substantially rigid support mat having a substantially planar wide face. 1. A support mat comprising:a plurality of vertically oriented individual wood members adhesively bonded to each other, each of the individual wood members having wide faces oriented parallel to a direction of a load applied to the support mat, the support mat having outboard wood members, the outwardly facing wide faces of the outboard wood members defining a wide face of the support mat;at least two protective edge members, each protective edge member having an inboard wide face, the at least two protective edge members positioned against one the wide faces of the support mat; andat least two substantially rigid fasteners extending through and connecting each of the protective edge members and adjacent wood members;wherein the wood members, protective edge members, and fasteners define a substantially rigid support mat having a substantially planar wide face.2. The support mat according to claim 1 , wherein adjacent protective edge members are longitudinally spaced apart by a minimum distance long enough such that when the support mat bends in response to a load on its load-bearing face claim ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SERVICING PAVEMENT

A removable and serviceable paving apparatus including an access port for providing access to the interior of the slab. The access port is operable to improve access to components of the paving system prior to, during, and/or after installation. The paving apparatus further includes a removable fastener for improving removability and serviceability. The removable fastener attaches the paving apparatus to its neighboring structures to form a paving surface, may be disengaged from the neighboring structures for removal, repair and/or service of the paving apparatus, and may be re-engaged upon re-installation of the paving apparatus. 1. A paving apparatus comprising:a slab having a top surface and a bottom surface;an electronic component;a wall extending within the slab and at least partly defining an access port, the access port being configured to provide access to the electronic component; anda receiver at least partially embedded in the wall.2. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a seal between the wall and the top surface of the slab.3. The paving apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the seal comprises a plug.4. The paving apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the electronic component is at least partly embedded in the wall.5. The paving apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the wall comprises a lining configured to resist migration of substances into the access port.6. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electronic component includes a sensor.7. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electronic component is a networking component.8. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electronic component is a networking component.9. The paving apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wall is configured to provide access to a grouting port during installation of the slab.10. The paving apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the grouting port extends at least partially through the slab and is configured to provide fluid communication with an underside of the slab during ...

Interlocking modular sidewalk pavement system

A modular sidewalk pavement system having a plurality of pavers configured for interlocking engagement with each other. In the preferred embodiment, the pavers have a plurality of spaced apart, outwardly extending wedge members and a plurality of spaced apart inwardly disposed wedge receptacles along each side and end of the paver that are cooperatively configured for interlocking engagement, such that the wedge members of one paver are received into the wedge receptacles of one or more adjacent pavers. A locking mechanism, preferably comprising a protrusion on one or more wedge members and a detent in one or more wedge receptacles, is utilized to provide a quick and easy lay-and-click installation. In a preferred embodiment, the pavers are made out of recycled materials, including crumb rubber and recycled plastic. A colorant is added to mask the carbon black and provide color. 1. A paver for use in a sidewalk paving system comprising a plurality of said pavers , said paver comprising:a paver unit having a bottom surface, a top surface, a first end, an opposing second end, a first side and an opposing second side;means at each of said first side, said second side, said first end and said second end for engaging said paver unit to one or more adjacent paver units, said engaging means configured for complimentary interlocking engagement of said paver unit with said one or more adjacent paver units; andmeans at each of said first side, said second side, said first end and said second end for locking said paver unit to said one or more adjacent paver units.2. The paver according to claim 1 , wherein said engaging means comprises a plurality of spaced apart wedge members disposed along each of said first end claim 1 , said second end claim 1 , said first side and said second side and a plurality of spaced apart wedge receptacles disposed along each of said first end claim 1 , said second end claim 1 , said first side and said second side in matingly arrangement with ...

HIGH-FRICTION ROAD PATCH

A high-friction road patch may comprise an aggregate capable of providing sufficient friction between a road surface and vehicle wheel. In some embodiments, the patch may comprise a waterproof, asphalt overlay with a first layer of cured bitumen and calcined bauxite aggregate particles, a second layer of viscous bitumen and a reinforcement component, and a binder layer for bonding the overlay with the road surface. The resulting product may provide a sufficient skid resistance value in an overlay that is far less susceptible to or incapable of debonding as with prior art solutions. 1) A layered , pre-fabricated overlay for enhancing road surface friction , comprising:a first layer composed of cured bitumen comprising aggregate particles at least partially embedded therein and exposed to contact with automobile tires;a second layer disposed beneath said first layer and comprising viscous bitumen; said second layer further comprising a reinforcement component selected from a group consisting of: a) fibrous material disposed within said viscous bitumen; b) a mesh screen encapsulated within said viscous bitumen; and, c) a combination of a) and b); and, a binder layer on an underside of the second layer for bonding the overlay with the road surface.2) The overlay of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate particles comprise calcined bauxite.3) The overlay of claim 2 , wherein the aggregate particles comprise a blend comprising calcined bauxite and at least one additional claim 2 , locally-available material of suitable hardness and angularity.4) The overlay of claim 3 , wherein the aggregate particles comprise a blend of calcined bauxite claim 3 , at least one additional claim 3 , locally-available material of suitable hardness and angularity and at least one material provided at a location where the overlay is installed.5) The overlay of claim 3 , wherein the aggregate particles comprise a blend of materials selected based on a desired coefficient of friction between the ...

BLACK LOCUST SOLAR PERMEABLE PAVERS WITH SAFETY EDGE PROTECTION

The subject matter described herein includes a paving system having a backing matrix, a plurality of untreated black locust wood pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another on the backing matrix, the defined pattern creating regular void spaces therebetween, a permeable medium disposed between the wood pavers and filling the void spaces, at least one solar cell embedded within at least one wood paver, one or more layers of underlayment beneath the matrix, the one or more layers of underlayment having graduated sizes or porosities, and a flexible coating displaced around the perimeter of the backing matrix. 1. A paving system , comprising:a. a backing matrix;b. a plurality of untreated black locust wood pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another on the backing matrix, the defined pattern creating regular void spaces therebetween;c. a permeable medium disposed between the wood pavers and filling the void spaces; andd. one or more layers of underlayment beneath the matrix, the one or more layers of underlayment having graduated sizes or porosities.2. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises a wire mesh.3. The paving system of claim 2 , wherein the wood pavers are disposed in or on the wire mesh.4. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the wood pavers are arranged with their grain oriented vertically.5. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the wood pavers are cubic.6. The paving system of claim 1 , further comprising a matrix claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pavers are arranged in a rectangular array on or in the matrix.7. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the permeable medium is gravel.8. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the permeable medium comprises a plurality of layers of gravel.9. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the permeable medium comprises a plurality of layers of gravel of different sizes claim 1 , arranged in graduated sizes of gravel claim 1 , with small gravel maintaining the void ...

MODULAR RIG MAT SYSTEM

A mat assembly includes a glulam beam including a first billet including a first stack of adjacently adhered wooden boards, wherein a plurality of the boards of the first stack include a groove extending into a first face of each board, and a second billet including a second stack of adjacently adhered wooden boards, wherein a plurality of the boards of the second stack include a tongue extending from a first face of each board; wherein the tongues of the second stack extend into and are adhered to the grooves of the first stack. 1. A mat assembly , comprising: a first billet comprising a first stack of adjacently adhered wooden boards, wherein a plurality of the boards of the first stack comprise a groove extending into a first face of each board; and', 'a second billet comprising a second stack of adjacently adhered wooden boards, wherein a plurality of the boards of the second stack comprise a tongue extending from a first face of each board;', 'wherein the tongues of the second stack extend into and are adhered to the grooves of the first stack., 'a glulam beam, comprising2. The mat assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a frame disposed about and coupled to the glulam beam.3. The mat assembly of claim 2 , wherein the frame comprises:two longitudinal channels;two horizontal channels coupled to the two longitudinal channels, forming a rectangular perimeter; andan I-beam extending between and coupled to the two horizontal channels;wherein the height of the I-beam is less than the height of the two longitudinal channels.4. The mat assembly of claim 3 , wherein the height of the I-beam is approximately ½″ less than the height of the longitudinal channels.5. The mat assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:a third billet comprising a third stack of adjacently adhered wooden boards, wherein a plurality of the boards of the third stack comprise a tongue extending from a first face of each board and a groove extending into a second face of each board; anda fourth ...

Rig Mat with Replaceable Deck Inserts

A rig mat frame has at least two longitudinal frame members and at least two lateral frame members defining a deck insert opening therebetween. Each longitudinal frame member has a C-shaped channel facing the deck insert opening and extending along the length of the longitudinal frame member. At least one C-shaped channel has a longitudinally extending flange with a channel opening providing access into the C-shaped channel. A flange panel is removably fastened to the frame and closes the channel opening when the flange panel is fastened to the frame. A plurality of deck inserts are disposed within the frame and extend across the deck insert opening with the ends of each deck insert disposed in the C-shaped channels. And each of the plurality of deck inserts is removable from the C-shaped channels when the deck insert is positioned in alignment with the channel opening and the flange panel is disconnected from the frame.

TIMBER ACCESS MAT WITH GROUNDING

A timber access mat having an electrical grounding feature includes an electrically conductive cover layer that is removably carried over the top of the body of the timber access mat. The electrically conductive cover layer can be formed from one or more sheets of expanded metal such as expanded steel. The layer is joined to a perimeter frame that includes offset connector tabs that allow mats to be positioned side-by-side. The connector tabs are paired with cable guides to protect the cable leads that connect the mats. The perimeter frame and conductive cover layer can be added to traditional timber access mats when electrical grounding is required and then removed and stored when not required. 1. A timber access mat with an electrical grounding feature; the mat comprising:a mat body having an upper perimeter edge;a metal frame disposed around the upper perimeter edge of the mat body;metal connector tabs extending outwardly from the metal frame; the metal connector tabs being disposed in complementary positions on opposite sides of the metal frame; the complementary positions of the metal connector tabs adapted to allow a pair of timber access mats being placed side-by-side without the metal connector tabs interfering with each other; anda conductive cover layer being connected to the metal frame and disposed over the mat body.2. The timber access mat of claim 1 , further comprising a cable guide connected to the frame; the cable guide defining an opening.3. The timber access mat of claim 2 , further comprising a flexible electrical cable lead connected to one of the metal connector tabs; the flexible electrical cable lead extending through the cable guide.4. The timber access mat of claim 1 , wherein the frame defines four sides and four corners; a cable guide being disposed between each corner and one of the metal connector tabs; each of the cable guides defining an opening.5. The timber access mat of claim 4 , further comprising a flexible electrical cable lead ...

LIGHTWEIGHT PANEL MAT ASSEMBLIES WITH ADAPTERS AND SIDE RAMPS

A temporary support surface, deck, walkway or roadway that includes a plurality of interlocked and interconnected lightweight universal panel mats and one or more side ramps and adapters. Each panel mat is made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the upper surface, a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section and an optional third or bottom surface. The panel mats also have sides that are configured to matingly engage with the sides of similarly configured mats. Also, adapter elements are provided to assist with the installation of the mats. Also, the side ramps and adapters themselves are additional embodiments of the invention. 1. A temporary support surface , deck , walkway or roadway comprising a plurality of interlocked and interconnected panel mats and one or more side ramps; a first section having an upper surface that forms a top surface of the panel mat and is relatively flat, textured or structured to facilitate movement over the upper surface;', 'a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells that support the first section and open lower surfaces, wherein the cells have angled sidewalls and are either open or some or all of the cells have a flat top surface;', 'first, second, third and fourth sides wherein the first and second sides are configured and dimensioned to be complementary to and/or matable with the third and fourth sides, so that (a) the first side of a first mat can be interlocked with one of the third or fourth side of a second mat, (b) the second side of the first mat can be interlocked with one of the third or fourth sides of a second mat, (c) the third side of first mat can be interlocked with the one of the first or second sides of a third mat, and (d) the fourth side can be interlocked contact with the one of the first or ...

LIGHTWEIGHT UNIVERSAL PANEL MAT

A lightweight universal panel mat () made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the mat and a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section. The panel mats have first, second, third and fourth sides () that are configured to matingly engage or connect to the second, third, fourth and first sides, respectively. The connection can be by insertion or snap-locking of one side to another, or by the use of fastening elements that more securely holds the sides together. Thus, similarly configured panel mats can be connected by interlocking to form a temporary support surface, deck, walkway or roadway. Additional side ramps () and adapters () can be used to facilitate installation of the mats () and access to the upper surfaces of the joined mats. 1. A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and designed to be interlocked with additional panel mats of similar side configurations , comprising:a first section having an upper surface that forms a top surface of the panel mat and is relatively flat, textured or structured to facilitate movement over the upper surface;a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells that support the first section and open lower surfaces, wherein the cells have angled sidewalls and are open or some or all of the cells have a flat top surface;first, second, third and fourth sides wherein the first and second sides are configured and dimensioned to be complementary to and matable with the third and fourth sides, so that (a) the first side of a first mat can be interlocked with one of the third or fourth side of a second mat, (b) the second side of the first mat can be interlocked with one of the third or fourth sides of a second mat, (c) the third side of first mat can be interlocked with the one of the first ...

CRANE MAT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

A crane mat is disclosed having a plurality of panels of lumber positioned in alternating transverse directions with respect to one another, where the top and bottom panels are oriented parallel to the direction of vehicular traffic. The top and bottom panels may include a plurality of spaced apart grooves extending longitudinally from a first longitudinal end of the crane mat to a second longitudinal end of the crane mat for enhancing traction of a vehicle when traversing across the crane mat by transporting rain or moisture off the mat, or for receiving mud or other debris. The crane mat may include a plurality of edge protectors positioned on respective sides of the crane mat to protect the crane mat from handling damage. In various embodiments, the crane mat may be manufactured using either softwood, hardwood, or any combination of softwood and hardwood. 1. A method of making a crane mat comprising a length that is longer than a width , comprising:(a) vacuum lifting and positioning on an automatically vertically indexing table a first panel to receive a plurality of panels thereon, the first panel comprising a plurality of first lumber members positioned side-by-side, each of the plurality of first lumber members being oriented in a first direction that is parallel to the width;(b) dispensing an adhesive on a top surface of the first panel;(c) vertically positioning the indexing table to receive a second panel;(d) vacuum lifting and positioning the second panel on the top surface of the first panel, the second panel comprising a plurality of second lumber members positioned side-by-side, each of the plurality of second lumber members being oriented in a second direction that is parallel to the length;(f) dispensing an adhesive on a top surface of the second panel;(g) vertically positioning the indexing table to receive a third panel;(h) vacuum lifting and positioning the third panel on the top surface of the second panel, the third panel comprising a plurality ...

MODULAR FOUNDATION SYSTEM FOR PLATFORM ASSEMBLIES

Modular foundation systems for assembling floating platform assemblies. Modular foundation systems comprise a base mat sized to engage retaining members within a grooves formed in the upper surface of the base mat. Using a combination of a number of base mats and retaining members, a platform assembly of virtually any desired size and shape can be readily assembled. 1. A molded unitary base mat for use in constructing a modular deck in conjunction with at least one retaining member having a length and a width , a lower retaining member surface , an upper retaining member surface and retaining member sides , the molded unitary base mat having:a. a length and a width, a lower molded unitary base mat surface, an upper molded unitary base mat surface, and molded unitary base mat sides; 'wherein the molded unitary base mat can be placed on a surface in alignment with at least one similar molded unitary base mat such that the plurality of molded unitary base mats will define a desired perimeter, shape and area of a modular deck being constructed; the grooves of adjacent molded unitary base mats being alignable with each other such that linear retaining members can be positioned therethrough to retain the molded unitary base mats in relative position to each other in the desired perimeter, shape and area of the modular deck.', 'b. at least one groove extending the length of the molded unitary base mat and having an interior width corresponding to the exterior width of a retaining member and being configured to engage at least a portion of the lower retaining member surface and retaining member sides of the retaining member;'}2. A kit for the construction of a modular deck , said kit comprising a plurality of molded unitary base mats each having:a. a length and a width, a lower molded unitary base mat surface, an upper molded unitary base mat surface, and molded unitary base mat sides; 'the number of molded unitary base mats within the kit being of sufficient shape and size ...

INTERLOCKING OF MATS HAVING STAGGERED ELONGATED COMPONENTS

An interlockable industrial mat having a plurality of elongated members some of which are arranged in staggered orientation to form protrusions and corresponding recesses on opposite ends of the mat. The elongated members are held together by a plurality of joining; members. To facilitate interlocking of one mat with another similarly configured mat, each protrusion includes a first hole that is in alignment with a first bore for receiving a connecting rod, and each end of the non-staggered members is provided with a second hole that is in alignment with a second bore for receiving another same size rod. The first and second bores are in alignment such that when the protrusions of one mat are received in the recesses of another mat, a connecting rod can be passed through each bore to interlock the mats together. Multiple mats can be interlocked that way to form temporary support structures. 1. An industrial mat comprising:a plurality of elongated members each having top, bottom and side surfaces, a rectangular or square cross section of dimensions of between about 2″ by about 2″ to about 16″ by about 16″, and a length of about 1 foot to about 60 feet, with each beam having about the same dimensions and length, and with all elongated members oriented parallel to each other with the top surfaces substantially in alignment to form a top surface for the mat and the bottom surfaces substantially in alignment to form a bottom surface for the mat; anda plurality of joining members passing through each elongated member to retain the elongated members in position and connected together to form the mat;wherein at least some of the elongated members are arranged in staggered orientation with respect to others, with each staggered elongated member positioned in the mat with a first end portion extending beyond a first end of an adjacent, non-staggered elongated component to form a protrusion on one end of the mat, and with a second, opposite end of each staggered elongated ...

ENVIRONMENTALLY RESISTANT ENCAPSULATED MAT CONSTRUCTION

An industrial mat that includes a core construction that provides strength and rigidity to the mat, with the core construction including various layers or plies of components at least some of which are typically made of wood or engineered wood; and a durable skin that surrounds and encapsulates at least the wood components of the mat or the entire core construction. The skin has a thickness sufficient to provide environmental resistance to the wood components or to the core construction to which it is applied. The skin also provides abrasion resistance to the boards and mat. 1. An industrial mat comprising:a core construction that provides strength and rigidity to the mat, the core construction comprising:(a) plural layers or plies of wood or engineered wood components that are nailed, bolted or riveted together to form a rigid core construction, or(b) a layer or ply of a thermoplastic material in the form of a plurality of adjacently arranged elongated members or a sheet member that optionally includes open or closed cells therein or therethrough, or(c) a thermosetting plastic support structure in the form of a plate, beam, grid, grating, ladder or pultruded tubes, or(d) a metal support structure in the form of beams that are welded together to form a frame or ladder structure, or a plate that optionally contains apertures therein, or(e) at least two layers or plies of elongated, sheet, plate, beam, grid, grating, ladder or tube members wherein the layers or plies are fastened or joined together; andan encapsulation of a thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastomeric material or a mixture thereof that surrounds and fully encapsulates the entire core construction and forms top and bottom surfaces of the mat, wherein the encapsulation has a thickness sufficient to provide environmental resistance to the wood components or core construction that it encapsulates, while also providing abrasion resistance to the mat;wherein each layer, ply or support structure has a length ...

Crane mat and method of manufacture

A crane mat is disclosed having a plurality of panels of lumber positioned in alternating transverse directions with respect to one another, where the top and bottom panels are oriented parallel to the direction of vehicular traffic. The top and bottom panels may include a plurality of spaced apart grooves extending longitudinally from a first longitudinal end of the crane mat to a second longitudinal end of the crane mat for enhancing traction of a vehicle when traversing across the crane mat by transporting rain or moisture off the mat, or for receiving mud or other debris. The crane mat may include a plurality of edge protectors positioned on respective sides of the crane mat to protect the crane mat from handling damage. In various embodiments, the crane mat may be manufactured using either softwood, hardwood, or any combination of softwood and hardwood.

Protective Edge Member For A Laminated Support Mat

A protective edge member for a support mat includes an elongated substantially corrugated body defining two elongated ridges separated by an elongated groove. 1. A protective edge member for a support mat , the protective edge member comprising an elongated substantially corrugated body defining two elongated ridges separated by an elongated groove.2. The protective edge member according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated substantially corrugated body includes:first and second elongated outboard walls;first and second elongated inboard walls, wherein the first and second elongated outboard walls are connected to the first and second elongated inboard walls, respectively; anda central wall that connects the first and second elongated inboard walls.3. The protective edge member according to claim 2 , wherein the first elongated inboard wall and the first elongated outboard wall define a first elongated ridge claim 2 , wherein the second elongated inboard wall and the second elongated outboard wall define a second elongated ridge claim 2 , and wherein the first elongated inboard wall claim 2 , the second elongated inboard wall claim 2 , and the central wall connected therebetween define the elongated groove.4. The protective edge member according to claim 3 , wherein a first elongated side edge of the first outboard wall defines a first support mat engagement surface claim 3 , and a first elongated side edge of the second outboard wall defines a second support mat engagement surface.5. The protective edge member according to claim 4 , wherein a wide face of the central wall defines a third support mat engagement surface.6. The protective edge member according to claim 2 , further including:a first intermediate wall between the first outboard wall and the first inboard wall; anda second intermediate wall between the second outboard wall and the second inboard wall, wherein the first and second intermediate walls are substantially parallel to the central wall.7. The ...

BEARING PAD

A bearing pad for receiving and retaining the substantially vertically oriented structural members of a module for use in constructing a pathway and supporting the pathway module on a ground surface can include a main body member having a lower ground engaging surface and a first slot defined by a first cross support member engaging portion of the main body member. The first slot can be planar and disposed transversely to the lower ground engaging surface of the main body member. The vertically oriented structural member that can be received and retained in the first slot by the first cross support member engaging portion of the main body member. 1. A system for constructing a pathway comprising: a top deck configured to cover a ground surface; and', 'a rib extending away from the top deck; and, 'a pathway module includinga bearing pad configured to slidably receive the rib, including a main body member having a lower ground engaging surface on a first face and a first slot disposed on a second face, opposite the first face, the first slot being defined by a first cross support member engaging portion of the main body member, wherein the rib is configured to be received and retained in the first slot by the first cross support member engaging portion of the main body member; an aperture disposed in the base portion adjacent to a portion of the perimeter edge; and', 'a fastener extending through the aperture;', 'wherein the fastener is configured to engage the base member of the bearing pad to securely retain the shim thereto., 'a shim securable to the bearing pad in underlying relation thereto, the shim including a central portion and a base portion that surrounds the central portion, the base portion having a perimeter edge, wherein the shim includes12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first cross support member engaging portion of the bearing pad includes:a left cross support member engaging surface; anda right cross support member engaging surface;wherein the ...

UNDERLAYMENT PANEL HAVING DRAINAGE CHANNELS

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage. 1. An impact absorption panel having a top surface , a bottom surface , and a core , the panel having a plurality of projections disposed across the bottom surface , the bottom surface projections having a hexagonal shaped first stage that defines a first spring rate and a hexagonal shaped second stage that defines a second spring rate , the panel having edges defining flanges configured to overlap with edges of an adjacent panel when the panel abuts a similar panel , the flanges defining a first edge flange and a second edge flange that include an arrangement of bottom projections and are offset relative to the top surface , the flanges further defining a third edge and fourth edge that are offset relative to the bottom surface , the panels being made from a plurality of polyolefin beads , the plurality of polyolefin beads bonded together by at least one of pressure and heat to produce a substantially water-impervious surface.2. The impact absorption panel of wherein the top surface includes top projections that extend over the third edge and fourth edge.3. ...

INDUSTRIAL MAT WITH MOLDED CORE AND OUTER ABUSE SURFACES

An industrial mat having a core construction that provides strength and rigidity to the mat, an encapsulation of a durable skin of a thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastomeric material that surrounds the core construction, and upper and/or lower surfaces formed by a plurality of elongated members. The elongated members of the upper and/or lower surfaces are advantageously arranged in spaced relation in at least one layer and are attached together or to the core construction for protecting the durable skin from abrasion and impact during transport, installation and use of the industrial mat. The resulting industrial mat has a load bearing capacity that is able to withstand a load of at least 600 to 1000 psi without permanent deformation. The mats of the invention typically have a width of 2 to 12 feet, a length of 2 to 40 feet and an overall thickness of 2 to 18 inches. 1. An industrial mat comprising:a core construction that provides strength and rigidity to the mat;an encapsulation of a durable skin of a thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastomeric material or a mixture thereof that surrounds and encapsulates the core construction, with the skin forming top and bottom surfaces about the core construction and having a thickness sufficient to provide environmental resistance to the core construction that it encapsulates; andan upper surface formed by a plurality of elongated members positioned above the encapsulated core construction, a lower surface formed by a plurality of elongated members positioned below the encapsulated core construction, or both of the upper and lower surfaces, wherein the elongated members of the upper and/or lower surfaces are arranged in spaced relation in at least one layer and are attached together or to the core construction for protecting the durable skin from abrasion and impact during transport, installation and use of the industrial mat;wherein the industrial mat has a load bearing capacity that is able to withstand a load of 600 to ...

ACCESS MAT

An access mat is described having a rectangular body with a length dimension and a width dimension. The body includes three laminated layers of lumber, with each of the lumber having a longitudinal axis. A first layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber, with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the length dimension. A second layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the width dimension. A third layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in an angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of lumber of the second layer. Correctors are provided for connecting the body with other like bodies. 1. An access mat , comprising:a rectangular body having a length dimension and a width dimension, the body having at least three cross-laminated layers of lumber laminated together by an adhesive and pressure, and each of the lumber having a longitudinal axis,a first layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the length dimension,a second layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the width dimension, anda third layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in an angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of lumber of the second layer.2. The access mat of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of each lumber of the plurality of lumber of the second layer is in an orientation that is perpendicular to the orientation of the lumber of the first layer.3. The access mat of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of each lumber of the plurality of ...

ACCESS MAT

An access mat is described having a rectangular body with a length dimension and a width dimension. The body includes three laminated layers of lumber, with each of the lumber having a longitudinal axis. A first layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber, with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the length dimension. A second layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the width dimension. A third layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in an angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of lumber of the second layer. Connectors are provided for connecting the body with other like bodies. 1. An access mat , comprising:a rectangular body having a length dimension and a width dimension, the body having three cross-laminated layers of lumber each of the lumber haying a longitudinal axis, a first layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the length dimension, a second layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the width dimension, and a third layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in an angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of lumber of the second layer; andconnectors for connecting the body with other like bodies.2. The access mat of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of each lumber of the plurality of lumber of the second layer is in an orientation that is perpendicular to the orientation of the lumber of the first layer.3. The access mat of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of each lumber of the plurality of ...

Underlayment Panel Having Drainage Channels

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage. 1. An impact absorption panel having a top surface , a bottom surface , and a core , the panel including a plurality drain holes extending from the top surface to the bottom surface , the panel having a plurality of bottom surface channels , the bottom surface channels being defined by sides of a plurality of adjacent bottom projections disposed across the bottom surface and projecting downwardly , the panels being made from a plurality of polyolefin beads , the plurality of polyolefin beads bonded together by at least one of pressure and heat to produce a substantially water-impervious surface , the panels having four edges , with two of the edges having flanges extending laterally beyond the core to overlap the edges of an adjacent similar panel when the panel is arranged with similar panels in a layer of panels.2. The panel of in combination other similar panels to form a layer of panels claim 1 , thereby forming a base layer having a generally continuously flat top surface.3. The panel of including at least one locking aperture enabling an interlocking ...

Wood paving stone and corresponding wood surface covering

The invention relates to a wood paving stone, especially to a ready-to-install interlocking wood paving stone and wood surface covering manufactured therefrom, one wood paving stone having a base body 1 with at least one top and bottom side 1.1, 1.2, the top side 1.1 forming the walking surface and the bottom side 1.2 forming the support surface of the wood paving stone. In an advantageous embodiment, the base body 1 has a multi-layer structure and the base body has one upper panel-like or block-like wood layer 2 and at least one additional support layer 3 forming the bottom side 1.2 of the base body 1, which are connected with each other directly or indirectly.

Millable, Recyclable, Waterproofing, Paving Fabric Interlayer System And Method Of Use

A millable, recyclable, paving fabric interlayer system for the construction and repair of roadways and other load-bearing surfaces and method of using such a fabric is disclosed. The paving fabric includes thermoplastic materials and is combined with asphalt cement to provide a flexible, stress relieving, waterproofing layer for roadways. Because of the thickness and asphalt cement absorption of the fabric, the system provides a stress absorbing interlayer to resist fatigue and reflective cracking in pavements. The system also acts as an effective moisture barrier due to the enhanced capability to retain sufficient asphalt cement when paved onto a roadway. Such a system has the required strength and elongation to be installed on smooth or milled surfaces yet is easily milled and recycled owing to the uniquely engineered tensile and tear strengths of the fabric.

PATIO BLOCKS AND BLOCK SYSTEMS WITH SIDE SURFACE POSITIONING AND RETAINING STRUCTURES

A landscaping block having a block body with at least a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, and opposed and substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer projection extending outwardly from each of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer locator positioned along each one of the first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The at least one spacer locator positioned along each side surface has a retaining surface shaped to receive a spacer projection, at least a portion of the retaining surface extending outwardly from the side surface. 1. A patio block comprising:a block body having opposed top and bottom surfaces, and at least a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, each of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces extending from the top surface to the bottom surface;at least one spacer projection positioned along each one of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces, the at least one spacer projection extending outwardly from the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces;and at least one spacer locator positioned along each one of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces;wherein the at least one spacer locator has a first and second exposed surface and a retaining surface, the retaining surface extending from the first exposed surface to the second exposed surface and having a contour shaped to receive a spacer projection, at least a portion of at least one of the first and second exposed surfaces extends outward from the side surface and block body and at least a portion of the contour of the retaining surface extends beyond the side surface and the block body.2. The patio block of wherein the at least one spacer projection of each side surface extends a partial height of the side ...

PEDESTRIAN TILE, REPLACEABLE TILE SECTION AND/OR RESILIENT DOME STRUCTURE

A detectable warning tile system has a tile base with an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface has a plurality of upward projections therefrom. The tile base has two side edges for alignment with corresponding side edges of other tiles, and front and rear edges. An area of the upper surface of the tile base is formed free of the detectable warnings and may include a trough into or over which a replaceable tile section may be placed. The tile base and/or replaceable tile section may be configured to receive one or more individually-installable detectable warnings. 1. An individually-installable detectable warning , comprising:a truncated dome having a narrow top portion and a wide base portion, andan attachment portion that projects orthogonally from the wide base portion of said truncated dome for attachment of the individually-installable detectable warning to a detectable warning tile,wherein the truncated dome and attachment portion are formed of a resilient material.2. The individually-installable detectable warning according to claim 1 , wherein the truncated dome includes a friction pattern on its top portion.3. The individually-installable detectable warning according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment portion is cylindrical and comprises one or more barbs claim 1 , each tapering inward away from the truncated dome.4. The individually-installable detectable warning according to claim 3 , wherein the attachment portion further comprises one or more lateral protrusions extending away from a longitudinal axis of the attachment portion.5. The individually-installable detectable warning according to claim 3 , wherein the attachment portion further includes at least one flute formed along a length of the attachment portion and interrupting the one or more barbs.6. The individually-installable detectable warning according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment portion is a shaft formed with or bent to have an angle to provide an interference fit against ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING COST EFFECTIVE CORE STRUCTURES

A mat that includes first and second side beams, a core structure located between and connected to the side beams, with the support structure including longitudinal members and having a height that is less than that of the side beams, a plurality of joining rods that attach the side beams to the support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members of the support structure; one or more elongated members attached to the upper portion of the support structure to form with the beams the top surface of the mat, and one or more elongated members attached to the lower portion of the support structure to form with the beams the bottom surface of the mat. If desired, steel plates can be provided between the beams and longitudinal members to increase the strength and ruggedness of the mat. 1. A mat having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces and comprising:first and second side beams having a height, width and length with a top surface, sides, and a bottom surface;a core structure located between and connected to a side of first and second side beams, with the support structure having a height that is less than that of the side beams, a width and a length, with the support structure comprising first and second longitudinal members;a plurality of joining rods that attach the side beams to the support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members of the support structure;one or more first elongated members attached to the upper portion of the support structure, wherein the top surface of the mat is formed by the top surfaces of the beams and the first elongated member(s); andone or more second elongated members attached to the lower portion of the support structure, wherein the bottom surface of the mat is formed by the bottom surfaces of the beams and the second elongated member(s).2. The mat of wherein the first and second ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS AND SYSTEM WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to tactile warning panels, and in particular to tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric material claim 2 , plastic composite claim 2 , polyurethane with glass fiber claim 2 , fiber reinforced plastic claim 2 , concrete claim 2 , polymer concrete claim 2 , fiber reinforced foam claim 2 , graphene claim 2 , sheet molding compound claim 2 , ...

TACTILE WARNING SURFACE MOUNT PANEL FOR MOUNTING ON A PREFORMED GROUND SURFACE

The present invention relates to the means and methods of installation, securement, removal and replacement of tactile warning surface mount plates/panels (TWSP's), preferably having at least a two color graphic design thereon, on pedestrian walkways, driveways, sidewalks, ramps, handicap ramps, retail floors and other types of existing preformed ground surfaces. The present invention includes TWSP's for both attention plates/panels and guiding plates/panels. 1. A surface mount panel assembly comprising:a base plate directly attachable to an existing preformed ground surface, said lower base plate having a plurality of anchor holes therein for securing by anchoring said lower base plate to said preformed ground surface and a plurality of securement members therein that are offset from said anchor holes; anda removable upper panel having an upper surface, said upper panel having a plurality of through holes therein that register with said securement members when said upper panel is placed on said lower base plate so that said upper panel can be removeably secured to said lower plate.2. The surface mount assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of anchors insertable through said anchor holes so that said lower base plate can be secured to said preformed ground surface.3. The surface mount assembly of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of anchors comprise expansion flanges that engage said preformed ground surface.4. The surface mount assembly of claim 3 , wherein said plurality of anchors are nail drive expansion anchors.5. The surface mount assembly of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of anchors are mechanical anchors selected from the group consisting of screw anchors claim 2 , drop-in anchors and impact anchors.6. The surface mount assembly of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of anchors each comprises a head.7. The surface mount assembly of claim 6 , wherein said removable upper panel comprises a plurality of hollow domes or raised projections that ...

Tactile embedment plate assembly with an alignment bracket

Tactile detection embedment plates used in pedestrian walkways releasably aligned by a bracket on at least one of the embedment plates. The bracket can be mated with a bracket on another plate engage a wedge or wedge parts for a releasable plate assembly connection.

HYBRID CRANE MAT UTILIZING VARIOUS LONGITUDINAL MEMBERS

A crane mat having first and second side beams or boards; a core structure made of pine or other softwoods, eucalyptus, solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that optionally include a filler or internal reinforcing structure; external components including an upper and/or lower layers of one or more elongated members to protect the core structure, and a plurality of joining members that attach the outer side members to the core structure. Another crane mat can be made of just the solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that each include a plurality of spaced lateral apertures passing therethrough; and joining members that include a rod that passes through the aligned lateral apertures to hold the members together in the mat. These crane mats may also include lifting elements of the types described herein. 1. A crane mat comprising:outer side members comprising first and second side beams or boards of engineered lumber, oak or other hardwoods, solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that optionally include a filler or internal reinforcing structure;a core structure comprising a plurality of longitudinal members made of pine or other softwoods, eucalyptus, solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that optionally include a filler or internal reinforcing structure;external components including an upper layer of one or more elongated members located above and attached to the core structure to protect the core structure, a lower layer of one or more elongated members located below and attached to the core structure to also protect the core structure, or both of the upper and lower layers; anda plurality of joining members that attach the outer side members to opposite sides of the core structure;wherein ...

INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT MAT INTERLOCK DEVICE

The present disclosure is directed to an interlocking joint device and method of using same, configured to adapt to most existing industrial access matting products to create an overlapping lip configuration that: (1) interlocks pre-existing individual mats together; (2) protects the perimeter of the mat from excessive wear and damage to improve performance and versatility; and (3) provides a serviceable and/or replaceable part that creates an inexpensive alternative to replacing entire matting products. 1. A device comprising:a first insertable tongue section of a pre-determined width, length and thickness further comprising an at least one raised securing ridges along a top and bottom surface; anda second protruding mating section, configured as a top or bottom mating section, of a pre-determined width, length, thickness and cross-sectional geometric shape, wherein said cross-sectional geometric shape is configured to be a corresponding mating piece, top to bottom and bottom to top, connected to said first insertable tongue section and further comprising an at least one cut-out along its length placed to correspond with an at least one cut-out along the length of said corresponding mating pieces.2. The device of wherein the overall length of the device is approximately seven to eight feet.3. The device of wherein the overall length of the device is approximately thirteen to fourteen feet.3. The device of wherein it is made from a material chosen from the following group: plastic claim 1 , fiberglass claim 1 , metals claim 1 , metal alloys claim 1 , composite materials claim 1 , PVC claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , and fiberglass reinforced plastics.4. The device of wherein one end of the device is squared off at a ninety-degree angle and the other end is mitered at a forty-five degree angle.5. The device of wherein both ends of the device are squared of at a ninety-degree angle.6. The device of wherein the first insertable tongue section further comprises an at ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING PLASTIC OR ELASTOMERIC SIDE MEMBERS

A mat that includes first and second side beams, a core structure located between and connected to the side beams, with the support structure including longitudinal members and having a height that is less than that of the side beams, a plurality of joining rods that attach the side beams to the support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members of the support structure; one or more elongated members attached to the upper portion of the support structure to form with the beams the top surface of the mat, and one or more elongated members attached to the lower portion of the support structure to form with the beams the bottom surface of the mat. If desired, steel plates can be provided between the beams and longitudinal members to increase the strength and ruggedness of the mat. 1. An industrial mat comprising:a core structure having a height, width and length, the core structure comprising elongated members configured, arranged and positioned to form a mat having upper and lower surfaces, front and rear ends and outer sides;first and second beams or bumper members having a height, width and length with top and bottom surfaces and inner and outer sides, with the inner side of the first beam or bumper member positioned adjacent an outer side of the mat and the inner side of the second beam or bumper member positioned adjacent the other outer side of the mat, and with the beams or bumper members having sufficient properties to absorb impact and shock to protect the core structure from damage due to impact during transport or installation of the mat; anda plurality of fasteners that attach the beams or bumper members to the core structure;wherein the first and second beams or bumper members are located in positions that align at least the top surfaces of the beams or bumper members with the top surfaces of the core structure to extend the upper surface of the mat;wherein the first and second ...

Underlayment panel having drainage channels

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.

Apparatus and Methods for Electrically Grounding at Least One Mat in a Load-Supporting Surface

System for electrically grounding a reusable load-supporting surface includes at least two mats and a plurality of substantially planar, removable, electrically-conductive covers. Each cover extends at least partially across the top face of one of the mats without extending over any of the edges thereof and is flexibly coupled to the mat sufficient to allow the mat to flex, expand and contract relative to the cover due to environmental factors and the movement of personnel, vehicles and/or equipment across the load-supporting surface during normal, typical or expected use conditions. 1. System for electrically grounding a reusable load-supporting surface deployed on or near the surface of the earth , the system comprising:at least two mats at least partially forming the load-supporting surface, each said mat having substantially planar respective top and bottom faces, multiple sides and at least one edge extending around each said side, said mats being configured to support the weight and movement of personnel, vehicles and equipment thereupon; anda plurality of substantially planar, removable, electrically-conductive covers constructed at least partially of electrically-conductive material and constructed and arranged to support the weight and movement of personnel, vehicles and equipment thereupon, each said cover extending at least partially across said top face of one of said mats without extending over any of said edges thereof and being flexibly coupled to said associated mat to allow said mat to flex, expand and contract relative to said cover due to one or more environmental factors and the movement of personnel, vehicles and/or equipment across the load-supporting surface during normal, typical or expected use conditions without decoupling said cover from said associated mat and without undesirably damaging or deforming said cover or said mat while allowing said cover and said mat to support the weight and movement of personnel, vehicles and equipment ...

ELECTRICALLY-GROUNDED WORK PLATFORM

A timber access mat having an electrical grounding feature includes an electrically conductive cover layer that is removably carried over the top of the body of the timber access mat. The electrically conductive cover layer can be formed from one or more sheets of expanded metal such as expanded steel. The layer is joined to a perimeter frame that includes offset connector tabs that allow mats to be positioned side-by-side. The connector tabs are paired with cable guides to protect the cable leads that connect the mats. The perimeter frame and conductive cover layer can be added to traditional timber access mats when electrical grounding is required and then removed and stored when not required. 1. An electrically-grounded work platform capable of supporting the weight of personnel , vehicles , and equipment thereupon on the ground; the work platform comprising:a plurality of conductive supports disposed next to each other; each of the supports including a lower structural support adapted to be disposed on the ground;each of the conductive supports also including a conductive upper support connected to the lower structural support; the conductive upper support defining a plurality of openings; each conductive upper support configured to support the weight of personnel, vehicles, and equipment thereupon;each conductive upper support having an upper surface;each of the conductive supports being electrically connected to at least another of the conductive supports with a flexible electrical connector; each flexible electrical connector being connected below the upper surface of the conductive upper support of the conductive support to which it is connected; anda grounding pin electrically connected to at least one of the conductive supports and disposed in the ground.2. The work platform of claim 1 , wherein each of the conductive upper supports includes a substantially vertical frame member disposed at an outer perimeter of the conductive upper support.3. The work ...

PAVING BLOCK FORMED OF RUBBER CRUMB AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A hollow paving block comprises a substantially planar member having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first surface of the planar member is a textured surface which functions as a top of the paving block. A side wall extends along and away from a periphery of the second surface of the planar member to define a cavity in the paving block. The side wall has a bevelled edge which extends about a mouth of the cavity. At least one protrusion extends along the second surface of the planar member. The paving block is formed in part from crumb rubber and polyolefin. 1. A method of manufacturing an object , the method comprising the steps of:providing a mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin;feeding the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin into a barrel and screw;heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel to produce a heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin;conveying the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin along the barrel towards a nozzle; andextruding the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin through the nozzle into a mold so that melted polyolefin solidifies and forms a matrix about the crumb rubber.2. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture included providing a mixture of approximately 50% to 80% by weight crumb rubber which is between 10 mesh and less than 20 mesh crumb rubber and 18% to 40% by weight polyolefin having a melting index ranging between approximately 5 g/10 minutes and approximately 50 g/10 minutes.3. The method as claimed in wherein the step of heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel includes heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin to a temperature between 150° C. and 220° C.4. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture includes providing the mixture with 55% to 75% by weight crumb rubber.5. The method as claimed in ...

PATIO BLOCKS AND BLOCK SYSTEMS WITH SIDE SURFACE POSITIONING AND RETAINING STRUCTURES

A landscaping block having a block body with at least a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, and opposed and substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer projection extending outwardly from each of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer locator positioned along each one of the first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The at least one spacer locator positioned along each side surface has a retaining surface shaped to receive a spacer projection, at least a portion of the retaining surface extending outwardly from the side surface. 115-. (canceled)16. A patio block comprising:a block body having opposed top and bottom surfaces, and at least a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, each of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces extending from the top surface to the bottom surface, each of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces having an irregular contour, the irregular contour of each side surface forming an irregular top edge with the top surface of the block body;at least one first size spacer projection positioned along each one of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces, the at least one first size spacer projection extending outwardly from the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces, the at least one first size spacer projection having a first contour;at least one second size spacer projection positioned along each one of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces, the at least one second size spacer projections extending outwardly from the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces, the at least one second size spacer projection having a second contour, the first size spacer projection being larger in size than the second size spacer ...

Pick Mat Locking System

A pick mat connection system () that enables components to be connectable horizontally, to adapt to varied work site sizes, or vertically, to adapt to varied weight demands. Employing anchor assemblies (), comprising an anchor () and lock () structure, to permit multiple standardized mats () to be connected horizontally, both end to end, and side to side. Additionally, employing stack anchor assemblies (), selectively vertically connectable by a lock or bolt assembly (), which enables the layering of multiple mats (), thereby increasing the effective mat thickness. 1. A pick mat connection system , comprising:at least two mat anchors each connectable to a pick mat;the mat anchors each having a pick point;a lock shaped to engage the pick points of the mat anchors; andthe mat anchors having a connected position and a disconnected position;the mat anchors removably engaged with the lock in the connected position; andthe mat anchors disengaged from the lock in the disconnected position.2. The pick mat connection system of claim 1 , further comprising:a first pick mat connected to one of the mat anchors, and a second pick mat connected to the other mat anchor.3. The pick mat connection system of claim 2 , further comprising:at least one pick mat comprising cross laminated timber.4. The pick mat connection system of claim 2 , further comprising:the pick point of the mat anchors removably engaged with the lock intermediate the pick mats in the connected position.5. The pick mat connection system of claim 4 , further comprising:the mat anchors connected to their respective pick mat along an edge of their respective pick mat; anda first side-by-side pick mat assembly having the mat anchors in the connected position, with the respective pick mats oriented side-by-side.6. The mat connection system of claim 5 , further comprising:each mat anchor having a flat mat surface, a pick point within a lock recess;the lock recess having a cylindrical groove shape with an axis ...

PAVING BLOCK FORMED OF RUBBER CRUMB AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A hollow paving block comprises a substantially planar member having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first surface of the planar member is a textured surface which functions as a top of the paving block. A side wall extends along and away from a periphery of the second surface of the planar member to define a cavity in the paving block. The side wall has a beveled edge which extends about a mouth of the cavity. At least one protrusion extends along the second surface of the planar member. The paving block is formed in part from crumb rubber and polyolefin. 1. A method of manufacturing an object , the method comprising the steps of:providing a mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin;feeding the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin into a barrel and screw;heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel to produce a heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin;conveying the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin along the barrel towards a nozzle; andinjecting the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin through the nozzle into a mold so that melted polyolefin solidifies and forms a matrix about the crumb rubber.2. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture included providing a mixture of approximately 50% to 80% by weight crumb rubber which is between 10 mesh and less than 20 mesh crumb rubber and 18% to 40% by weight polyolefin having a melting index ranging between approximately 5 g/10 minutes and approximately 50 g/10 minutes.3. The method as claimed in wherein the step of heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel includes heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin to a temperature between 150° C. and 220° C.4. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture includes providing the mixture with 55% to 75% by weight crumb rubber.5. The method as claimed in wherein ...

ECOLOGICALLY FRIENDLY TRACTION MAT

A system and method of an operating surface for vehicles in a roadless area is provided. More specifically, a mat that provides a vehicle operating surface in a roadless area is provided. The mat includes pockets forming ridges with a predetermined orientation. A variety of materials may be positioned within the pockets to provide a predetermined thickness and rigidity to the pockets. The pockets of a first portion of the mat alternate with pockets of a second portion of the mat. In this manner, the mat may be folded for transport, handling, and storage. 1. A mat for vehicles including a plurality of ridges , comprising:an area defined by a first sheet selectively joined to a second sheet, the area having a predetermined length and width;first pockets formed in a first portion of the area and second pockets formed in a second portion of the area, each of the first and second pockets defined by two generally parallel joints interconnecting the first sheet to the second sheet, wherein the first pockets alternate along the length of the area with the second pockets;a filling member positionable within each of the first and second pockets, the filling member comprising a first cylinder with a first bore and a second cylinder positionable within the first bore; anda median portion between the first and second portions, the median portion devoid of pockets, wherein the mat is foldable along a longitudinal axis of the median portion such that a first pocket of the first portion is arranged between two adjacent pockets of the second portion.2. The mat of claim 1 , wherein the first pockets are aligned at a first angle with the length of the mat area and the second pockets are aligned at a second angle with the length of the mat area.3. A mat for vehicles claim 1 , comprising:an area defined by a predetermined length and width, the area comprising a first portion, a median portion, and a second portion;pockets formed in the first and second portions; anda filling member for ...

Polystyrene-Based Structural Materials

The disclosure features structural tiles and methods for forming such tiles, the tiles including a tile body featuring one or more polystyrene materials, and a coating featuring an epoxy resin and an aggregate material, disposed on at least one surface of the tile body, where the structural tile has a dry coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.75 and a wet coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.70, and where the dry coefficient of kinetic friction is larger than the wet coefficient of kinetic friction by 0.05 or less. 1. A structural tile , comprising:a tile body comprising one or more polystyrene materials; anda coating comprising an epoxy resin and an aggregate material, disposed on at least one surface of the tile body,wherein the structural tile has a dry coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.75 and a wet coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.70; andwherein the dry coefficient of kinetic friction is larger than the wet coefficient of kinetic friction by 0.05 or less.2. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the dry coefficient of kinetic friction is larger than the wet coefficient of kinetic friction by 0.03 or less.3. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate material comprises sand.4. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the coating is disposed on all surfaces of the tile body.5. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises at least two different polystyrene materials.6. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises at least one fluorescent agent.7. The tile of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the one or more polystyrene materials comprises a functional group comprising a fluorescent chemical moiety.8. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises particles or wires formed from at least one metallic material.9. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises one or more coloring agents.10. The tile of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of pores formed in the tile body.11. The tile of claim 10 , wherein at ...

TWISTED BLOCK

A block suitable for use in paving, edging or wall applications comprises a lower portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a first width, and an upper portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a second width. The second width is smaller than the first width of the lower portion, and the side faces of the upper portion are angled relative to the side faces of the lower portion. The block further comprises a transition portion between the upper and lower portions, having at least one slanted side extending between one or more sides of the lower portion and one or more sides, respectively, of the upper portion. 1. A block suitable for use in paving , edging or wall applications , the block comprising:a lower portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a first width;an upper portion having parallel, substantially vertical side faces that are spaced apart by a second width, the second width being smaller than the first width of the lower portion, the side faces of the upper portion being angled relative to the side faces of the lower portion; anda transition portion between the upper and lower portions having at least one slanted side extending between one or more sides of the lower portion and one or more sides, respectively, of the upper portion.2. A block according to claim 1 , wherein the lower portion generally defines a first quadrilateral in plan view claim 1 , and wherein the upper portion generally defines a second quadrilateral in plan view claim 1 , wherein the second quadrilateral is twisted with respect to the first quadrilateral.3. A block according to claim 1 , wherein the lower portion generally defines a first trapezoid in plan view claim 1 , and wherein the upper portion generally defines a second trapezoid in plan view.4. A block according to claim 1 , wherein the lower portion and the upper portion each generally define a square ...

BITUMEN SOLID AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

Bitumen that is solid at ambient temperature in the form of granules that include a core made of a first bituminous material and a coating made of a second bituminous material, the second bituminous material having a total content of asphaltenes, extracted using n-alkane, of 30% to 50% by weight in relation to the total weight of the bitumen in the coating. 115-. (canceled)16. A bitumen that is solid at ambient temperature in the form of pellets comprising a core made of a first bituminous material and a coating layer made of a second bituminous material , wherein the second bituminous material comprises asphaltenes in a content ranging from 30% to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the coating layer.17. The bitumen as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the second bituminous material has a needle penetrability measured at 25° C. according to the standard EN 1426 of greater than 5 1/10 mm.18. The bitumen as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the second bituminous material has a needle penetrability measured at 25° C. according to the standard EN 1426 ranging from 6 to 50 1/10 mm.19. The bitumen as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the second bituminous material has a needle penetrability measured at 25° C. according to the standard EN 1426 ranging from 6 to 40 1/10 mm.20. The bitumen as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the second bituminous material is a bitumen base supplemented with asphaltenes that are insoluble in n-alkanes.21. The bitumen as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the amount of asphaltenes that are insoluble in n-alkanes added to the bitumen base to form the second bituminous material represents from 5% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the second bituminous material.22. The bitumen as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the amount of asphaltenes that are insoluble in n-alkanes added to the bitumen base to form the second bituminous material represents from 10% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the second bituminous material.23. The ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING COST EFFECTIVE CORE STRUCTURES

An inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions that are not visible because of the inclusion of side, end, upper and lower components which hide the core or internal construction from view, wherein each mat has an electronic device that indicates what is present in the hidden core or internal construction of the mat, with the electronic device including a processor, storage, and wireless communications circuitry that is configured to transmit identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats over a wireless telecommunications network. Also, a method for providing an identification of mat properties or usage for an inventory of mats by viewing the information stored on the electronic device or by retrieving over a wireless telecommunications network identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats from the storage of the electronic device. 1. An inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions of wood , engineered wood , thermoplastics , elastomers , thermosetting plastics , metal , or of coated or encapsulated components , with each mat comprising side and end components protecting the sides and ends of the core or internal construction , and upper and lower components that provide upper and lower surfaces of the mats protecting upper and lower surfaces of the core or internal construction so that the core or internal construction of the mat is not visible because the side , end , upper and lower components hide the core or internal construction from view , wherein each mat includes identification means that indicates what is present in the hidden core or internal construction of the mat.2. The inventory of industrial mats of claim 1 , wherein the identification means comprises an external color code claim 1 , a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or other electronic device that includes a processor claim 1 , storage claim 1 , and wireless ...

Permeable joint for paver and structural system therefor

A structural system is provided that includes at least two pavers partially defining a paved surface, the pavers partially defining a void between them. The system also includes a permeable joint located in the void between the pavers, where the permeable joint also partially defines the paved surface. The permeable joint includes a base layer formed of aggregate and bonded together with a non-cement binder, and a membrane layer formed of aggregate that is sized smaller than the aggregate of the base layer, where the aggregate of the membrane is also bonded together with a non-cement binder. The membrane is less permeable than the base layer and is located above the base layer.

Interlocking Mat System

An interlocking mat system including a plurality of individual mats configured to interlock together. Each of the plurality of individual mats has a top surface and a bottom surface. The top surface of each of the mats has ornamentation which simulates a desired texture, such as cobblestone, brick, or wood. The top surface also has a plurality of projections. The bottom surface of each of the mats has a plurality of channels which frictionally receive at least one of the projections from an adjacent mat. In one embodiment, the top surface of each of the mats also has at least one downwardly sloping graded edge, in order to prevent tripping over the mats. The interlocking mat system can be used to provide a customized driveway, walkway, or other similar area to provide a durable and resilient surface. 1) An interlocking mat system , comprising:a plurality of individual mats configured to interlock together;each of the plurality of individual mats having a top surface and a bottom surface;the top surface of each of the plurality of individual mats comprising a surface ornamentation to simulate a desired texture;the bottom surface of each of the plurality of individual mats comprising a plurality of bottom projections;the top surface of each of the plurality of individual mats further comprising a plurality of top channels configured to frictionally receive at least one of the plurality of bottom projections from an adjacent mat.2) The interlocking mat system of claim 1 , wherein the top surface is planar claim 1 ,3) The interlocking mat system of claim 1 , wherein the desired texture is cobblestone.4) The interlocking mat system of claim 1 , wherein the desired texture is asphalt.5) The interlocking mat system of claim 1 , wherein the desired texture is brick claim 1 ,5) The interlocking mat system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of individual mats is comprised of a recycled tire claim 1 , latex claim 1 , and adhesive material.7) The interlocking mat system of ...

BINDER THAT IS SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

A binder composition includes at least: a binder base selected among an oil, a bitumen base, a pitch, a clear binder or mixtures thereof; an acid compound of general formula (I): R—(COOH)(I); an amide compound of general formula (II): R′—(NH)CONH—(X)—(NHCO)(NH)—R″ (II), the compounds (I) and (II) being provided with a weight ratio of 10:1 to 1:16. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing coatings. The invention further relates to a method for transporting and/or storing and/or handling binder, in particular road binder, said binder being transported and/or stored and/or handled in the form of binder granules or binder cakes.

Bitumen compositions comprising lignin

The current invention concerns composition comprising bitumen, one or more plasticity modifying agent(s), and lignin, as well as methods and uses related to such compositions. In particular, compositions are disclosed with improved properties, such as mixing properties.

UNDERLAYMENT PANEL HAVING DRAINAGE CHANNELS

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage. 1. An impact absorption panel having a top surface , a bottom surface , and a core , the panel having a plurality of adjacent bottom projections disposed across the bottom surface , each bottom projection having a first stage and a second stage , the first stage defining a support surface for contact with the ground and further defining a first spring rate characteristic and the second stage defining a second spring rate characteristic wherein the first spring rate characteristic provides for more deflection under load than the second spring rate characteristic , the panels being made from a plurality of polyolefin beads , the plurality of polyolefin beads bonded together by at least one of pressure and heat to produce a substantially water-impervious surface.2. The panel of in which the bottom projections have a resilient characteristic that provides for deflection under load sufficient to impart impact absorption to the panel and a substantial rebound of the first and second stages to an unloaded projection length.3. The impact absorption panel of wherein ...

Patio blocks and block systems with side surface positioning and retaining structures

A landscaping block having a block body with at least a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, and opposed and substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer projection extending outwardly from each of the at least first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The patio block having at least one spacer locator positioned along each one of the first, second, third and fourth side surfaces. The at least one spacer locator positioned along each side surface has a retaining surface shaped to receive a spacer projection, at least a portion of the retaining surface extending outwardly from the side surface.

MODULAR ENGINEERED WOOD COMPOSITE ROAD

A method of making a modular engineered wood composite road () includes determining a bearing strength of the soil at a location where the modular engineered wood composite road will be installed; determining a bearing strength of the soil at a location where a modular engineered wood composite road () will be installed; determining a flexural strength and stiffness required for the modular engineered wood composite road () based on the determined bearing strength of the soil at the location where the modular engineered wood composite road () will be installed; assembling a plurality of engineered wood composite billets () from a plurality of composite wood laminations, wherein each engineered wood composite billet () has the required flexural strength and stiffness; and assembling the engineered wood composite billets () to define the modular engineered wood composite road (). 140. A method of making a modular engineered wood composite road () , the method comprising:{'b': '40', 'determining a bearing strength of the soil at a location where a modular engineered wood composite road () will be installed;'}{'b': 40', '40, 'determining a flexural strength and stiffness required for the modular engineered wood composite road () based on the determined bearing strength of the soil at the location where the modular engineered wood composite road () will be installed;'}{'b': 46', '46, 'assembling a plurality of engineered wood composite billets () from a plurality of composite wood laminations, wherein each engineered wood composite billet () has the required flexural strength and stiffness; and'}{'b': 46', '40, 'assembling the engineered wood composite billets () to define the modular engineered wood composite road ().'}240. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the assembled modular engineered wood composite road () has an axle load strength rating of at least about 8 tons (7258 kg).346. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of assembling the engineered ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING COST EFFECTIVE CORE STRUCTURES

An inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions that are not visible because of the inclusion of side, end, upper and lower components which hide the core or internal construction from view, wherein each mat has an electronic device that indicates what is present in the hidden core or internal construction of the mat, with the electronic device including a processor, storage, and wireless communications circuitry that is configured to transmit identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats over a wireless telecommunications network. Also, a method for providing an identification of mat properties or usage for an inventory of mats by viewing the information stored on the electronic device or by retrieving over a wireless telecommunications network identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats from the storage of the electronic device. 1. An inventory of industrial mats having a core or internal construction of wood , engineered wood , thermoplastics , elastomers , thermosetting plastics , metal , or of coated or encapsulated components , with each mat comprising side and end components protecting the sides and ends of the core or internal construction , and upper and lower components that provide upper and lower surfaces of the mats protecting upper and lower surfaces of the core or internal construction so that the core or internal construction of the mat is not visible because the side , end , upper and lower components hide the core or internal construction from view , wherein each mat includes an internal electronic device that is accessible by a door on the industrial mat , wherein the internal electronic device includes a processor , storage , and wireless communications circuitry that configures the internal electronic device to transmit information from the storage of the mat over a wireless communications network to a server.2. The inventory of industrial mats of ...

MODULAR WALKWAY SYSTEM

A series of modules serve to provide a base for walkway members to be assembled into a walkway. Modules provide for support and orientation of walkway members and the ability to produce complex walkways with segments at varying orientations. In a preferred embodiment, a base mat is sized to engage walkway members. Using a combination of a number of base mats and walkway members, segments of walkway of any desired size can be readily assembled. Reflective and non-slip surfaces can be applied to increase safety when in use. 1. A base mat for use in a modular walkway , said base mat comprising a mat with an upward facing walkway surface and a downward facing ground surface and having a plurality of substantially parallel ribs extending outwards from the ground surface , each rib separated from each adjacent rib by a space sized to engage a walkway member which can extend through linear aligned spaces between ribs on adjacent base mats to align and hold in position a modular walkway , and wherein the linear orientation of the ribs will define a walkway orientation of the walkway surface.2. The base mat of wherein the number of of ribs is at least two claim 1 , defining at least one space configured to engage a walkway member.3. The base mat of claim 1 , further comprising a reflective material affixed to the base mat.4. A modular system for assembling a walkway claim 1 , the system comprising a plurality of base mats and a plurality of walkway members claim 1 , wherein:a. each base mat comprises a main body with an upward facing walkway surface and a downward facing ground surface and having a plurality of substantially parallel ribs extending outwards from the ground surface, each rib separated from each adjacent rib by a space sized to engage a walkway member which can extend through linear aligned spaces between ribs on adjacent base mats to align and hold in position a modular walkway;b. the base mats are attachable adjacent to each other via the walkway members ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric material claim 2 , plastic composite claim 2 , polyurethane with glass fiber claim 2 , fiber reinforced plastic claim 2 , concrete claim 2 , polymer concrete claim 2 , fiber reinforced foam claim 2 , graphene claim 2 , sheet molding compound ...

Precast concrete panel patch system for repair of continuously reinforced concrete

A CRCP repair system is provided. The repair system may comprise a precast pavement panel having one or more openings positioned in the bottom, side portions thereof, as well as reinforcing members embedded within the panel. The panel may also include a reinforcing fastening member extending into each of the openings. The repair system may further include a prepared side edge of the CRCP having reinforcing anchoring members epoxy cemented therein and extending therefrom, with the anchoring members configured to extend into the openings of the panel with the panel positioned in the void created by the removed CRCP. The anchoring members may be configured in a pair, with each pair positioned to extend into the opening, with the fastening member extending into the opening between the pair of anchoring members. Each of the fastening members and the anchoring members may have a head on a distal end thereof, with the heads configured to create opposing and overlapping forces within the opening when cementitious adhesive (such as grout) is inserted within the opening and cured.

Water-in-oil bituminous dispersions and methods for producing paving compositions from the same

There is provided a method for making bituminous compositions comprising water-in-oil bituminous dispersion and aggregate by the steps of: preparing a solvent-free, water-in-oil bituminous dispersion comprising: (1) bitumen, in an amount from about 75.0% to about 95.0% by total weight of the bitumen dispersion; (2) a surfactant in an amount from about 0.05% to about 2.0% by total weight of the bitumen dispersion; and (3) water in an amount to complete the water-in-oil bituminous dispersion, and producing the bituminous composition having a temperature from about 50° C. to about 120° C. by mixing: (1) the water-in-oil bituminous dispersion of step (A), having a temperature from about 75° C. to about 95° C., in an amount from about 2.0% to about 10.0% by total weight of the bituminous composition, and (2) aggregate, having a temperature from about 60° C. to about 140° C., in an amount from about 90.0% to about 98.0% by total weight of the bituminous composition.

SOLID BINDER AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

Composition de liant comprenant au moins : • Une base de liant choisie parmi une huile, une base bitume, un brai, un liant clair ou leurs mélanges, • Un composé acide de formule générale (I) : R-(COOH)z (I) • Un composé amide de formule générale (II) : R'-(NH)nCONH-(X)m-(NHCO)p(NH)n-R" (II) les composés (I) et (II) sont présents en un ratio massique allant de 10 :1 à 1 :16. Procédé de fabrication d'enrobés. Procédé de transport et/ou de stockage et/ou de manipulation de liant, notamment de liant routier, ledit liant étant transporté et/ou stocké et/ou manipulé sous forme de granules de liant ou de pains de liant. Binder composition comprising at least: A binder base selected from an oil, a bitumen base, a pitch, a light binder or mixtures thereof, An acidic compound of general formula (I): R- (COOH) z (I) An amide compound of general formula (II): R '- (NH) nCONH- (X) m- (NHCO) p (NH) nR "(II) compounds (I) and (II) are present in one mass ratio ranging from 10: 1 to 1:16 Method of manufacturing mixes Method of transporting and / or storing and / or handling of binder, especially road binder, said binder being transported and / or stored and / or or handled in the form of binder granules or binder loaves.

Water-in-oil bituminous dispersions and methods for producing paving compositions from the same

There is provided a method for making bituminous compositions comprising water-in-oil bituminous dispersion and aggregate by the steps of: preparing a solvent-free, water-in-oil bituminous dispersion comprising: (1) bitumen, in an amount from about 75.0% to about 95.0% by total weight of the bitumen dispersion; (2) a surfactant in an amount from about 0.05% to about 2.0% by total weight of the bitumen dispersion; and (3) water in an amount to complete the water-in-oil bituminous dispersion, and producing the bituminous composition having a temperature from about 50° C. to about 120° C. by mixing: (1) the water-in-oil bituminous dispersion of step (A), having a temperature from about 75° C. to about 95° C., in an amount from about 2.0% to about 10.0% by total weight of the bituminous composition, and (2) aggregate, having a temperature from about 60° C. to about 140° C., in an amount from about 90.0% to about 98.0% by total weight of the bituminous composition.

Pavement mat and process

A pavement mat is disclosed comprising a fibrous mat impregnated with a bituminous material and an aggregate. The bottom layer of the mat has an adhesive such as an asphalt base adhesive on it whereas the top layer comprises a wear surface. A release coating such as rock or slate dust is applied to the adhesive so that the mats may be stacked one on top of the other without sticking to one another, the release coating also being forced into the adhesive when the mat is placed on a road surface which has been prepared by being swept and sprayed with a solvent (i.e., kerosene or No. 2 fuel oil) so that the adhesive layer may be bonded to the road surface. A process for resurfacing a road with such mats is disclosed comprising placing a plurality of mats on a first vehicle and partially removing one of the mats from the vehicle by means of chain attached to an anchor vehicle and to the mat with spring clamps so that a relatively small portion of the adhesive surface of the mat is placed on the road surface. A second vehicle is wheeled onto that portion of the mat that is placed on the road surface to hold the mat in place and the first vehicle is pulled forward until the entire mat is removed. The second vehicle is then wheeled over the mat that is completely on the road surface so that the mat is adhered and the process repeated until all of the mats are applied.

Asphalt sidewalk block and it's installation method

본 발명은 아스팔트를 주성분으로 하여 제조된 아스팔트 보도블록 및 아스팔트 보도블록을 설치하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 일반적인 콘크리트 블록과 탄성 블록의 문제점 및 아스팔트를 적용함에 있어 발생하는 문제점을 보완하고, 반면 장점을 최대한 이용하는 것이다. 본 발명의 아스팔트 보도블록은 석유아스팔트, 천연아스팔트, 개질혼합제와 채움혼합재를 혼합하여 높은 온도에 대한 저항성을 향상시키고, 골재의 입도를 조절하여 공극률을 비교적 낮게 제작한다. 또한 그 상부에 코팅층을 형성하여 보도블록을 보호하고, 인접 블록 사이에 형성되는 줄눈부에 다양한 첨가제를 첨가하여 줄눈부의 색상을 변화시키거나, 빛을 반사하는 등 줄눈부의 미적 효과를 증대시키는 것이다. The present invention relates to a method of installing an asphalt pavement block and an asphalt pavement block made of asphalt as a main component, and it is intended to solve the problems of a general concrete block and an elastic block and a problem occurring in application of the asphalt pavement, . The asphalt pavement block of the present invention mixes petroleum asphalt, natural asphalt, modified mix and filler mixture to improve resistance to high temperature and adjust the particle size of the aggregate to make the porosity relatively low. In addition, a coating layer is formed on the upper part to protect the sidewall block, and various additives are added to the sidewalls formed between the adjacent blocks to change the color of the joint part or to increase the aesthetic effect of the joint part such as light reflection.

A saltpan floor board and saltpan floor construction method using the same

PURPOSE: A saltpan floor material and a saltpan floor construction method using the same are provided to achieve a flat floor surface by arranging floor materials in four directions so that their upper and lower projections are overlapped each other. CONSTITUTION: A saltpan floor material is made of composite wood panels(1) to be hardened and stuck in the ground of a saltpan. The composite wood panels are connected in four directions. The composite wood panel has joint edges(11) to be connected to other composite wood panels. Each joint edge is composed of a lower projection(111) and an upper projection(112). The composite wood panel includes a driven fixture(2) on the lower part which is stuck in the saltpan ground to secure the composite wood panel.

Cold seme-rigid pavement method and pavemeant matrials

본 발명은 상온 반강성 도로 포장 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더 구체적으로는 친환경적인 재료를 사용하면서도 그 포장의 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 석탄연료 등의 소모가 거의 없어 이산화탄소 등의 가스의 배출이 없는 친환경적인 방식으로 시공이 가능한 상온 반강성 도로 포장 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 상온 반강성 도로 포장 방법은, 유화 아스팔트를 이용하여 다공성의 상온 아스팔트 혼합물을 제조하는 단계와, 상기 상온 아스팔트 혼합물을 포설하고 다짐하는 단계와, 고유동의 시멘트 몰탈을 제조하는 단계와, 상기 고유동 시멘트 몰탈을 상기 단계에서 이루어진 상온 아스팔트 혼합물 포장체에 분사하고 침투시키는 단계와, 상기 단계들을 통해 이루어진 상온 반강성 포장체를 양생하는 단계를 포함한다. The present invention relates to a method for paving a semi-rigid road at room temperature, and more specifically, to improve the durability of the pavement while using environmentally friendly materials, and there is little consumption of coal fuel and the like. It relates to a method for paving a semi-rigid road at room temperature, which can be constructed in a conventional manner. The room temperature semi-rigid road paving method according to the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a porous room temperature asphalt mixture using emulsified asphalt, laying and compacting the room temperature asphalt mixture, preparing a high flow cement mortar, And injecting and infiltrating the high-flow cement mortar into the room temperature asphalt mixture pavement made in the step, and curing the room temperature semi-rigid pavement made through the steps.

보도 블록

폐타이어 재활용 고무보도블럭

본 발명은 상층부와 하층부로 구성된 보도블럭에 있어서, 폐타이어분말 100중량부, 라텍스바인더 5-20중량부 및 가황제 2-7중량부를 성형, 가공시킨 하층부와, 하부부위에 폐에틸렌 프로필렌 고무분말 100중량부, 안료 1-3중량부, 라텍스바인더 5-20중량부 및 가황제 2-7중량부를 성형, 가공시킨 상층부로 구성되며, 상층부와 하층부와 두께의 비는 1:1.5-2의 비율로 이루어진 폐타이어 재활용 고무보도블럭에 관한 것으로, 표면을 코팅처리한 결과 내충격, 내마노, 내후성이 탁월한 장점이 있다.

Precast Half Deck for Roadway

The present invention relates to a precast half cross-sectional surface deck (10) for a roadway, comprising: a bottom plate (100) formed of concrete, and having a certain thickness (T) and a certain length in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction; a shear connecting material (200) installed in the bottom plate (100); and a tension material (300) installed in the bottom plate (100) and longitudinally formed in the longitudinal direction, wherein the deck (10) is integrally formed with a slab (20) formed of concrete on the top thereof.

Rubber unit

본 고안은 저렴하면서도 사용성이 우수하고 시공이 간편한 새로운 구조의 고무제 보도블록에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a rubber sidewalk block of a new structure which is inexpensive, easy to use and easy to construct. 본 고안에 따르면, 고무를 폐타이어를 주재료로 하여 소정의 형태로 성형하여 제작되는 고무제 보도블록에 있어서, 상기 고무재 보도블록 본체(1)의 그 측면에서 수평으로 관통하도록 된 정렬공(2)이 형성된 고무제 보도블록이 제공된다. According to the present invention, in a rubber sidewalk block manufactured by molding rubber into a predetermined form by using waste tire as a main material, an alignment hole 2 penetrating horizontally from the side of the rubber sidewalk body 1 is formed. There is provided a rubber sidewalk block formed with).

A structure of prestressed concrete pavement and its construction method

A prestressed concrete road pavement structure and a construction method of a prestressed concrete road pavement structure are provided to execute new and repair works in a short period of time by prestressing to a concrete pavement of a general road and tensing first and second tendons in the center of a concrete slab, to provide a high quality concrete pavement road without maintenance by restraining the formation of cracks, preventing the breakage of a concrete pavement and extending the service life, and to prevent noise occurrence and lowering of ride comfort and to improve in appearance by constructing a concrete slab of a long span in a construction site and reducing the number of joints. A prestressed concrete road pavement structure for introducing a prestressed concrete pavement method to a general road comprises a concrete slab(10) installed to a road, a tension pocket unit(50) formed between one end and the other end of the concrete slab to penetrate the concrete slab in the vertical direction, a first tendon(20) installed to the inside of the concrete slab to make one end fixed to one end of the concrete slab by an anchorage(45) and the other end extended to the inside of the tension pocket unit, a second tendon(30) installed to the inside of the concrete slab to make one end fixed to the other end of the concrete slab and the other end extended to the inside of the tension pocket unit, and a coupler(40) installed to the inside of the tension pocket unit and connecting the ends of the first and second tendons to keep the first tendon and the second tendon tensed. A construction method of a prestressed concrete road pavement structure comprises the steps of: marking the installation site of a first tendon and a second tendon on a part for concrete pavement to construct a concrete slab on a road; installing a tension pocket unit to form a tension pocket unit on the concrete slab on a part for concrete pavement; installing a first tendon and a second ...

Backlight unit of liquid crystal display device

본 발명은 발광램프에 불량이 발생할 경우 램프의 관전류량을 센싱해서 램프의 구동 신뢰성 및 구동시 휘도 균일도를 보장하기 위한 액정표시장치용 백라이트 유닛을 제공하기 위한 것으로, 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 액정표시장치용 백라이트 유닛은 일방향으로 배열된 복수개의 발광램프들과; 상기 발광램프들의 일측단 외부에 감겨있는 솔레노이드와; 상기 발광램프들의 양단에 전압을 제공하기 위한 인버터의 구동을 제어하는 인버터 인에이블 제어부와; 상기 솔레노이드와 상기 인버터 인에이블 제어부 사이에 구성되어 상기 인버터 인에이블 제어부의 구동 여부를 결정하며, 상기 솔레노이드의 전압을 받아서 턴온/턴오프가 제어되는 복수개의 제 1 내지 제 n 스위칭 수단(T11, T12,…,T1n)으로 구성되는 회로부와; 상기 회로부의 출력 신호를 받아서 상기 인버터 인에이블 제어부의 인에이블 여부를 제어하기 위한 스위칭 제어부를 포함하여 구성됨을 특징으로 한다. 솔레노이드, 발광램프, 백라이트, 인버터 The present invention is to provide a backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device to ensure the driving reliability of the lamp and the luminance uniformity during the driving by sensing the tube current amount of the lamp when a failure occurs in the light emitting lamp, the liquid crystal for achieving the above object The display unit backlight unit includes a plurality of light emitting lamps arranged in one direction; A solenoid wound around one end of the light emitting lamps; An inverter enable controller for controlling driving of an inverter for providing voltages across the light emitting lamps; A plurality of first to n-th switching means (T11, T12) configured between the solenoid and the inverter enable control unit to determine whether to drive the inverter enable control unit, and to turn on / turn off by receiving the voltage of the solenoid; A circuit portion consisting of ... T1n); And a switching controller configured to receive the output signal of the circuit unit and control whether the inverter enable controller is enabled. Solenoid, LED Lamp, Backlight, Inverter

Integral wood deck frame and the installation structure of wood deck using the same

The present invention constructs a wood deck of a deck road. The present invention comprises: a support plate positioned on a lower portion of an insertion space on which deck wood is placed and supporting the deck wood upwards; and a support channel positioned on both side ends of the support plate, wherein the support plate is provided with a plurality of drainage holes in a longitudinal direction. An edge surface of the drainage hole is installed with an upward wedge having a wide lower portion and a narrow upper portion while having a certain interval so that the deck wood can be fixedly supported thereon. A drain communicating with the drainage hole is formed between the upward wedges adjacent to each other.

Incorporation of rubber tire crumbs and siliceous crystalline grains in construction products

A rubber tire recycling process comprises the steps of granulating rubber tires to form coarse rubber crumbs, mixing the coarse rubber crumbs with coarse siliceous grains to form a closely packed mixture of coarse particles that are roughly commensurate in size, thoroughly wetting the surfaces of the coarse particles with a polymerizable liquid binder to provide a viscous slurry, casting the slurry into a sheet-like configuration, and curing the sheet-like configuration under sufficient heat and for a sufficient time to provide an environmentally compatible sheet-like product, e.g. a paver or tile for driveways, or a shingle for roof tops, that is characterized by excellent weather, wear and chemical resistance. The surface characteristics of the coarse particles of vulcanized rubber and crystalline grains are critical to the present invention.

Water-in-oil bitumen dispersions reaches and prepares the method for paving compositions by it

本发明涉及一种适用于铺路应用的沥青质组合物，含有铺路级沥青如渗透级的、粘度级的和/或基本上无挥发性溶剂的渗透级品种的油包水型沥青分散体，且通过所选表面活性剂的使用控制依赖于温度的界面流变学来制备。本发明铺路组合物适用于在相对于传统热混合沥青质铺路组合物所需的温度更低的温度范围下构成承载、大交通量的路面，仍具有相同或者优异的压实致密性能和至少相等的固化速率。