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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 1431. Отображено 100.
02-08-2012 дата публикации

Emission control system

Номер: US20120195815A1
Автор: Berani A.C. Halley, Bobby I.T. Chen, John EDEL, Kevin Jackson, Randall P. Moore, Stephen BALOGA
Принадлежит: Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure Inc

Methods of treating mercury contaminated gas comprising: introducing a hydrogen halide selected from HBr and HI into a mercury contaminated gas stream containing a quantity of particulate matter at an introduction rate sufficient to create a concentration of at least 0.1 ppmvd; wherein greater than 50% of all particulate matter in the mercury contaminated gas stream is a native particulate matter; contacting a quantity of active bromine with the native particulate matter; creating a doped particulate matter; coating a filtration media with the doped particulate matter; and passing a portion of the mercury contaminated gas stream through the doped particulate matter on the filtration media and other related methods are disclosed herein.

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Номер записи: 1
01-11-2012 дата публикации

Reducing Mercury Emissions From The Burning Of Coal

Номер: US20120272877A1
Автор: Douglas C. Comrie
Принадлежит: Nox II Ltd

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

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Номер записи: 2
14-02-2013 дата публикации

Process for operating a utility boiler and methods therefor

Номер: US20130040250A1
Автор: Thomas J. Wolferseder
Принадлежит: Environmental Energy Services Inc

A process for operating a utility boiler. The process has the following steps: (a) providing fuel to the boiler; (b) providing one or more additives selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more slag control agents, (ii) one or more oxygen-generating agents, (iii) one or more acid mitigation agents, (iv) one or more fouling prevention agents, (v) one or more oxidizer agents, (vi) one or more heavy metal capturing agents, and (vii) any combination of the foregoing to the boiler or an auxiliary device thereof; (c) providing air to the boiler; (d) burning the fuel in the boiler to generate heat and an exhaust gas; (e) intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more physical and/or chemical parameters of the fuel and/or intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more emissions variables of the exhaust gas to obtain one or more values therefor; and (f) varying or maintaining the rate at which either or both of the fuel and the one or more additives are provided to the boiler based on the one or more values obtained.

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Номер записи: 3
28-03-2013 дата публикации

SORBENTS FOR COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20130074745A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx II, Ltd.

Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method for reducing emissions of mercury and sulfur arising from combustion of coal in the furnace of a coal burning system , comprising adding a sulfur sorbent composition and a mercury sorbent composition into the coal burning system , wherein the mercury sorbent composition comprises a bromine compound , and the sulfur sorbent composition comprises cement kiln dust.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent composition comprises calcium bromide.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur sorbent composition comprises cement kiln dust.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur sorbent composition comprises greater than 2% by weight silica and greater than 2% by weight alumina.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur sorbent composition further comprises an aluminosilicate clay.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein 90% or more of the mercury in the coal is captured in the ash product produced from combustion.7. A method according to claim 1 , comprising adding the mercury sorbent onto the coal before combustion in the furnace.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent compositions are added separately into the coal burning system.9. A method for reducing the amount of mercury released into the atmosphere from burning coal in a coal burning system claim 1 , comprising adding a first sorbent comprising a halogen and a second sorbent composition comprising calcium and further comprising greater than 2% by weight silica and greater than 2% by weight alumina into the coal burning system.10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the first sorbent comprises a bromine compound.11. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the second sorbent comprises cement kiln ...

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Номер записи: 4
23-05-2013 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS FOR USE IN CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

Номер: US20130125792A1
Автор: Fried Wayne
Принадлежит: ASH IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY, INC.

A method and system for producing modified coal combustion products are disclosed. The additives reduce the particle sizes of the coal combustion product and may reduce the amount of un-burned carbon in the coal combustion product, making the modified product useful as an addition to cementitious materials. 1. A method of producing a modified coal combustion product comprising combusting coal and a particle size-reducing additive , wherein the modified coal combustion product has an average particle size less than an average particle size of a coal combustion product combusted from the coal without the additive.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the modified coal combustion product is at least 5 percent less than an average particle size of a coal combustion product combusted from the coal without the additive.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the modified coal combustion product is at least 15 percent less than an average particle size of a coal combustion product combusted from the coal without the additive.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified coal combustion product has an average particle size of less than 50 microns.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified coal combustion product has an average particle size of less than 20 microns.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified coal combustion product has an average particle size of from 5 to 20 microns.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified coal combustion product has a carbon content less than a carbon content of a coal combustion product combusted from the coal without the additive.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon content is at least 10 weight percent less than a carbon content of the coal combustion product combusted from the coal without the additive.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon content is at least 50 weight percent less than a carbon content of the coal combustion product combusted from the ...

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Номер записи: 5
23-05-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COMMINUTING AND RECIRCULATING COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

Номер: US20130125799A1
Автор: Fried Wayne, Sandberg Paul J.
Принадлежит: ASH IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY, INC.

A method and system for reducing the un-burned carbon content in coal combustion products are disclosed. A coal combustion product is separated into a coarse particle fraction and a fine particle fraction, and the coarse particles are comminuted by milling, grinding or the like. Additives may be added of the coarse particles prior to comminution. The comminuted particles are then co-combusted with coal to burn at least a portion of the un-burned carbon contained in the original coal combustion product. 1. A method of processing a coal combustion product comprising:separating the coal combustion product into a coarse particle fraction and a fine particle fraction;comminuting the coarse particle fraction to provide comminuted particles; andcombusting the comminuted particles with coal to thereby combust un-burned carbon contained in the comminuted particles.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combusting the comminuted particles with an additive.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive is added to the coarse particle fraction before the comminuting step.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive and coarse particles are comminuted by grinding.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive and coarse particles are comminuted by milling.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive is added to the comminuted particles after the comminuting step.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the comminuted particles have an average particle size less than 50 percent of the average particle size of the coarse particle fraction.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coarse particle fraction has an average particle size of greater than 50 microns.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the comminuted particles have an average particle size of less than 50 microns.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coarse particle fraction has a carbon content greater than 3 weight percent claim 1 , and the combusted comminuted particles have a carbon content less than 2 weight ...

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Номер записи: 6
18-07-2013 дата публикации

ADDITIVE FUEL COMPOSITION, AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF

Номер: US20130183628A1
Автор: Kamran Deepak, McRobbie Ian Malcolm, Papachristos Miltiades
Принадлежит: INNOSPEC LIMITED

An additive composition for a fuel comprises: 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (i) is an iron complex selected from the group consisting of bis-cyclopentadienyl iron; substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl iron; overbased iron soaps; and mixtures thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein component (i) is ferrocene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (ii) is a bicyclic monoterpene or substituted bicyclic monoterpene selected from the group consisting of camphor claim 1 , camphene claim 1 , isobornyl acetate claim 1 , dipropyleneglycol-isobornyl ether claim 1 , adamantane claim 1 , propylene carbonate; and mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein component (ii) is camphor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer (iii) is selected from the group consisting of an asphaltene dispersant claim 1 , a cold flow improver claim 1 , a wax antisettling additive and mixtures thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein (iii) is a phenolic resin selected from the group consisting of:copolymers containing di(C1-4 alkyl)amino (C1-4 alkyl)acrylate or methacrylate units;copolymers of alkenes and unsaturated esters, alkylmethacrylate polymers, polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers;maleic anhydride olefin copolymer additives prepared by the reaction of maleic anhydride with an α-olefin; andimides produced by the reaction an alkyl amine, maleic anhydride and α-olefin.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein components (i) claim 1 , (ii) and (iii) are present in the following relative amounts by weight:3-1000 parts (i) to 3 to 600 parts (ii) and to 1 to 10000 parts (iii).10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is selected from bio-fuel claim 1 , diesel claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , marine fuel claim 1 , bunker fuel claim 1 , heating oil claim 1 , middle distillate oil and heavy fuel oil; and including GTL (gas-to-liquid) claim 1 , CTL (coal-to-liquid) claim 1 , BTL (biomass-to-liquid) claim 1 , and OTL (oil sands-to-liquid); and including blends ...

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Номер записи: 7
25-07-2013 дата публикации

USE OF BROMINE OR BROMIDE CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOSITIONS FOR REDUCING MERCURY EMISSIONS DURING COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20130186312A1
Автор: Nalepa Christopher J.
Принадлежит:

Processes and systems are provided for using bromine and/or bromide-containing organic compound to reduce mercury emissions during coal combustion. 1. A process for reducing mercury emissions from coal during combustion , the process comprising adding a composition comprising a bromine and/or bromide-containing organic compound to the coal either prior to or during combustion.2. The process of wherein the bromine and/or bromide-containing organic compound comprises n-propyl bromide claim 1 , bromochloro methane claim 1 , dibromo methane claim 1 , tetrabromobisphenol A claim 1 , ethylenebis(tetrabromophthalimide) claim 1 , decabromodiphenyl oxide claim 1 , decabromodiphenyl ethane claim 1 , hexabromocyclododecane claim 1 , EARTHWISE (as sold by Albemarle Corporation October 2010) claim 1 , GREENARMOR (as sold by Albemarle Corporation October 2010) claim 1 , or a mixed ester of tetrabromophthalic anhydride with diethylene glycol and propylene glycol.3. A process for burning coal to reduce the amount of mercury released into the atmosphere comprising:(i) adding a composition comprising a bromine and/or bromide-containing organic compound to the coal;(ii) delivering the coal into a coal burning furnace;(iii) combusting the coal containing the composition in the coal burning furnace to produce ash and combustion gases;(iv) measuring a mercury level in the combustion gases; and(v) adjusting the amount of the composition added to the coal based on the value of the mercury level.4. A system for burning coal with reduced levels of mercury released outside the system claim 1 , comprising:(a) a composition comprising a bromine and/or bromide-containing organic compound;(b) a coal burning furnace comprising a burning chamber, a convection path for combustion gases leading from the burning chamber to an exit outside the convection path, and a particle collection device disposed in the convection path;(c) an apparatus for delivering coal to the furnace for combustion;(d) an ...

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Номер записи: 8
01-08-2013 дата публикации

MATERIAL UTILIZATION WITH AN ELECTROPOSITIVE METAL

Номер: US20130196271A1
Автор: Schmid Gunter
Принадлежит:

A material is utilized with an electropositive metal. This can be used as post-oxyfuel process for oxyfuel power stations. Here, an energy circuit is realized by the material utilization. An electropositive metal, in particular lithium, serves as energy store and as central reaction product for the conversion of nitrogen and carbon dioxide into ammonia and methanol. The power station thus operates without COemissions. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for industrial utilization of a material , comprising:in a combustion process, reacting the material with an electropositive metal to produce a combustion product; andin a reaction process, reacting the combustion product.17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , whereinin the combustion process, thermal energy is generated, andthe method further comprises converting the thermal energy into electrical energy.18. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the material is carbon dioxide or a nitrogen material.19. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the electropositive metal is a Group 1 or Group 2 metal.20. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the electropositive metal is a metal with a normal potential lower than zero Volt.21. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the electropositive metal is lithium.22. The method as claimed in claim 16 , whereinin the combustion process, carbon dioxide is reacted with the electropositive metal to produce carbon monoxide as the combustion product, andthe reaction process comprises adding hydrogen to the carbon monoxide to produce methanol.23. The method as claimed in claim 16 , whereinin the combustion process, nitrogen is reacted with the electropositive metal to produce a nitride of the electropositive metal, andthe reaction process comprises hydrolysis of the nitride to add water and produce ammonia.24. The method as claimed in claim 23 , whereinthe combustion process and reaction process are combined into one process in which nitrogen and water are converted directly ...

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Номер записи: 9
08-08-2013 дата публикации

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES

Номер: US20130199426A1
Автор: Digdon William T.
Принадлежит: ATLANTIC COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

The invention provides a method of increasing the efficiency of a combustion process by adding bentonite to the flame, fireball or burner region combustion zone of the combustion process. Also provided is a combustion chamber that includes a bentonite feed system and a fuel additive composition of a bentonite such as sodium bentonite having a particle size range that may be employed in the method of the present invention. 1. A method of increasing the efficiency of a combustion process comprising the step of adding bentonite to the flame , fireball or burner region combustion zone during combustion of a fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel and the bentonite are added separately in the combustion process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bentonite is a sodium bentonite.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the bentonite is crystalline and swellable in water.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the bentonite is colloidal.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bentonite comprises SiOin an amount of from about 51% to 78% by weight.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the bentonite further comprises AlOfrom about 13% to 27% by weight.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bentonite comprises a particle size between 50 mesh and 350 mesh.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bentonite comprises a base/acid (B/A) ratio of between about 0.08 and 0.12.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bentonite is added for a period greater than one week.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bentonite is added continuously for a period greater than one month. The present invention relates to combustion processes. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods of increasing the efficiency of a combustion process.It is known in the art that most common fuels contain some non-combustible impurities. The amount is generally negligible in refined fuels such as natural gas and distillate oils and may be less than about 1% in some residual oils. The solid state non- ...

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Номер записи: 10
22-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF OPERATING A COMBUSION INSTALLATION AND USE OF SUCH A METHOD FOR INHIBITING VANADIUM CORROSION

Номер: US20130213282A1
Автор: Buet JeanLuc, JR. Donald A, Meskers, Moliere Michel
Принадлежит:

A method of operating a thermal installation other than a gas turbine and use of such a method for inhibiting vanadic corrosion is disclosed herein. Embodiments of the invention relate to a method of operating a thermal installation comprising a combustion chamber fed with a fuel contaminated with vanadium, with sulfur and possibly with sodium. The combustion chamber is also fed with boron and with magnesium, in quantities such that the magnesium molar ratio m=MgO/V2O5 and the boron molar ratio b=B2O3/V2O5 satisfy the conditions (i) m≧2+b; (ii) m≦3+2b; (iii) b≧0.5 and (iv) b≦2, so that the combustion products comprise magnesium vanadate, mixed magnesium boron oxide and possibly sodium borate. 1. A method of operating a combustion installation comprising feeding to the combustion installation a fuel contaminated with vanadium and feeding to a combustion chamber of the combustion installation one or more boron compounds and one or more magnesium compounds , in quantities such that the molar ratio of MgO equivalents added to the combustion chamber relative to the moles of VOformed in the combustion chamber from the vanadium in the fuel , is molar ratio m , and the molar ratio of BOequivalents added to the combustion chamber relative to the moles of VOformed in the combustion chamber from the vanadium in the fuel is molar ratio b , and wherein the molar ratios b and m satisfy the following conditions: (i) m≧2+b and (ii) b≧0.5.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratios b and m satisfy the additional condition: m≦3+2b.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the molar ratios b and m satisfy the additional conditions: (i) m≦5 and (ii) b≦1.5.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the boron and magnesium fed to the combustion chamber is in the form of mixed magnesium boron oxide.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the mixed magnesium boron oxide is in nanoscale form.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least ...

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Номер записи: 11
03-10-2013 дата публикации

Coal Additive For Improved Furnace Operation

Номер: US20130260322A1
Автор: Bush James H.
Принадлежит: THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION

The invention relates to methods of combusting coal containing fuel streams where a coal additive composition is used to improve the combustion of the coal. The invention also relates to the additive composition used in the described methods, and the use of the additive composition as a coal combustion improver. 1. A method for combusting coal , comprising the step of:(I) providing a coal containing feed material to a coal combustion chamber;(II) contacting the feed material with a coal additive comprising a zinc containing compound;whereby coal in the coal containing feed material is combusted.2. The method of wherein the coal containing feed material comprises ash and less than about 15 percent by weight sulfur (on a dry basis of the coal containing feed material) claim 1 , with the ash containing less than about 25 percent by weight iron (taken on a dry basis of the ash) claim 1 , and at least about 10 percent by weight alkali metal (taken on a dry basis of the ash).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coal combustion chamber is part of a cyclone furnace and wherein the coal containing feed material includes coal particles entrained in an oxygen-containing gas and the coal particles have a Psize of no more than about 0.25 inches.4. The method of wherein the coal additive further comprises a mineralizer claim 1 , a flow aid claim 1 , an abrasive material claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The method of wherein the coal additive is added to the combustion chamber of the furnace in such amounts such that the metal of the zinc containing compound is present in a concentration of from about 5 to about 1000 ppm relative to the total amount of coal containing feed material.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc containing compound contains a zinc carboxylate additive comprising the reaction product of a zinc oxide and a fatty carboxylic acid.7. The method of wherein the fatty carboxylic acid comprises acetic acid claim 6 , propionic acid claim 6 , oleic acid ...

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Номер записи: 12
24-10-2013 дата публикации

HOT-SIDE METHOD AND SYSTEM

Номер: US20130276682A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Durham Michael D., Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions. 1. A method , comprising:generating from a mercury-containing feed material a mercury-containing gas stream comprising vapor-phase elemental mercury and a vapor-phase halogen;passing the mercury-containing gas stream through a scrubber to remove at least a portion of the vapor-phase halogen and/or a halogen-containing derivative thereof and form a halogen-containing scrubbing medium and a treated gas stream; andremoving the halogen from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium to form a treated scrubbing medium for recycle to the scrubber and a removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen in the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material is one or more of bromine and iodine and wherein the scrubber is a wet or dry scrubber.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber removes at least most of the vapor-phase halogen from the gas stream and wherein the scrubber removes at least most of an acid gas from the gas stream.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least most of the halogen on the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is removed as the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and is capable of removing one or more of HCl claim 1 , HBr claim 1 , and HF from the gas stream.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of membrane separation claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , adsorption claim 1 , and/or absorption.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is contacted with an oxidant to assist halogen removal.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of an ion exchange resin claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 13
28-11-2013 дата публикации

REDUCING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM THE BURNING OF COAL

Номер: US20130312646A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx II, Ltd.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components 1. A method of improving the leaching quality of ash produced by burning mercury-containing coal , comprising adding silica and alumina to the coal in a sufficient amount to cause a geopolymer to form upon combustion , combusting the coal in the presence of the added silica and alumina to produce coal ash and heat energy , and measuring the leaching of mercury from the ash.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the coal ash is fly ash.3. A method according to claim 1 , comprising adding a sorbent comprising silica and alumina onto the coal upstream of the furnace.4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the sorbent comprises alkali powders.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ash sequesters one or more of mercury claim 1 , lead claim 1 , arsenic claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , antimony claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , copper claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , and zinc.6. A method according to claim 1 , comprising adjusting the amount of silica and alumina added depending on the measured level of leaching.7. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the sorbent comprises greater than 5 wt. % alumina.8. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the sorbent comprises greater than 8 wt. % alumina.9. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising adding a halogen compound onto the coal upstream of the furnace.10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the halogen compound comprises calcium bromide.11. A method according to claim 1 , comprising adding an aluminosilicate material selected from micas ...

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Номер записи: 14
16-01-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR OPERATING A COAL-FIRED FURNACE WITH REDUCED SLAG FORMATION

Номер: US20140014010A1
Автор: Pastore Mark R.
Принадлежит: ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

There is provided a process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat. The process has the steps of a) providing the coal to the furnace and b) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace. The first slag-reducing ingredient and the second slag-reducing ingredient are different substances. The first slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, and combinations thereof. The second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate, copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and ammonium phosphate. There is also provided a method for reducing slag formation in a coal-fired furnace. 1. A process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat , comprising:a) providing the coal to the furnace; andb) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace,wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, and combinations thereof, and wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate, copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium phosphate, and combinations thereof.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient is magnesium hydroxide.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate claim 1 , copper nitrate claim 1 , and a combination thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slag-reducing ingredients are added to the coal at up to about 2000 ppm by ...

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Номер записи: 15
23-01-2014 дата публикации

SORBENTS FOR COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20140020608A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx II, Ltd.

Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method of reducing mercury emissions that arise from combustion of coal in the furnace of a coal burning facility , the method comprising applying a mercury sorbent onto the coal upstream of the furnace , or into the convective pathway of the furnace where the temperature is 1500° F. to 2700° F. and measuring the level of mercury escaping from the coal burning facility , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises sodium iodide.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising adding sodium iodide onto coal upstream of the furnace.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises an aqueous solution of sodium iodide.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising applying a sulfur sorbent onto the coal upstream of the furnace claim 1 , or into the convective pathway of the furnace where the temperature is 1500° F. to 2700° F. claim 1 , wherein the sulfur sorbent comprises calcium.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the sulfur sorbent comprises cement kiln dust claim 4 , portland cement claim 4 , or lime kiln dust.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the sulfur sorbent comprises cement kiln dust.7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the sulfur sorbent further comprises at least 2% by weight silica and at least 2% by weight alumina.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the sulfur sorbent comprises an aluminosilicate clay.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the iodide salt is sodium iodide.10. A method for reducing the level of harmful emissions released into the environment from a coal burning facility claim 7 , the method comprising adding sorbent components onto coal upstream of the furnace claim 7 , delivering the coal with the applied sorbents into the furnace ...

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Номер записи: 16
13-02-2014 дата публикации

METHOD AND ADDITIVE FOR CONTROLLING NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS

Номер: US20140041561A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Bisque Ramon, Morris William J., Senior Constance
Принадлежит: ADA-ES, INC.

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion. 1. A method for reducing NOemissions in a pulverized coal boiler system , comprising:contacting a feed material with an additive mixture comprising an additive and a thermal stability agent to form an additive-containing feed material, wherein the additive, in the absence of the thermal stability agent, is unstable when the feed material is combusted; andcombusting the additive-containing feed material to produce a contaminated gas stream comprising a contaminant produced by combustion of the feed material and the additive or a derivative thereof, wherein the additive or a derivative thereof removes or causes removal of the contaminant.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is one or more of an acid gas claim 1 , mercury claim 1 , and carbon oxide claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises one or more of a halogen claim 1 , halide claim 1 , nitrogenous material claim 1 , and activated carbon claim 1 , and wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , and ash.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material and wherein the nitrogenous material is one or more of ammonia claim 2 , an amine claim 2 , an amide claim 2 , cyanuric acid claim 2 , and urea.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the additive further comprises one or more of a stabilizing agent claim 3 , dispersant claim 3 , and binder.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , metal hydrate claim 1 , and metal nitride.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises a porous substrate for supporting the additive and wherein the substrate is one or more of a ...

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Номер записи: 17
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Reducing sulfur gas emissions resulting from the burning of carbonaceous fuels

Номер: US20140053760A1
Автор: Douglas C. Comrie, Vincent A. Vellella
Принадлежит: Nox II Ltd

A method of reducing sulfur emissions by applying remediation materials in a powder sorbent onto coal and combusting the coal with the materials applied. The powder sorbent contain sources of silicon, aluminum, calcium, iron, and magnesium, and ash from combustion contains the captured sulfur.

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Номер записи: 18
07-01-2021 дата публикации

HOT-SIDE METHOD AND SYSTEM

Номер: US20210001271A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Durham Michael D., Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions. 1. A method , comprising:generating from a mercury-containing feed material a mercury-containing gas stream comprising vapor-phase elemental mercury and a vapor-phase halogen;passing the mercury-containing gas stream through a scrubber to remove at least a portion of the vapor-phase halogen and/or a halogen-containing derivative thereof and form a halogen-containing scrubbing medium and a treated gas stream; andremoving the halogen from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium to form a treated scrubbing medium for recycle to the scrubber and a removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen in the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material is one or more of bromine and iodine and wherein the scrubber is a wet or dry scrubber.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber removes at least most of the vapor-phase halogen from the gas stream and wherein the scrubber removes at least most of an acid gas from the gas stream.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least most of the halogen on the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is removed as the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and is capable of removing one or more of HCl claim 1 , HBr claim 1 , and HF from the gas stream.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of membrane separation claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , adsorption claim 1 , and/or absorption.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is contacted with an oxidant to assist halogen removal.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of an ion exchange resin claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 19
14-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF A GAS STREAM, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE TREATMENT OF A NATURAL GAS STREAM

Номер: US20160008755A1
Автор: Brechtel Kevin, Fischer Björn, Schneider Rüdiger, Schramm Henning
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A method for the treatment of a gas stream, wherein before the combustion of the gas stream, hydrogen sulfide is separated out of the gas stream in a first absorber by an absorption medium, the treated gas stream purified of hydrogen sulfide is burnt in a combustion apparatus, the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas of the burnt gas stream after combustion is separated in a second absorber by an absorption medium, and the separated hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are separated in at least one desorber from the absorption medium for the regeneration of the latter. The same absorption medium separates the hydrogen sulfide out of the gas stream and the carbon dioxide out of the exhaust gas. A corresponding device for the treatment of a gas stream has a first absorber and a second absorber flow-connected to one another for the exchange of absorption medium. 115.-. (canceled)16. A method for the treatment of a gas stream , the method comprising:before the combustion of the gas stream, separating out hydrogen sulfide from the gas stream in a first absorber by an absorption medium,burning the treated gas stream purified of hydrogen sulfide in a combustion apparatus,separating carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas of the burnt gas stream in a second absorber by the absorption medium, andseparating the separated hydrogen sulfide and the separated carbon dioxide from the absorption medium in at least one desorber for the regeneration of the absorption medium,wherein the same absorption medium is used for separating the hydrogen sulfide out of the gas stream and for separating the carbon dioxide out of the exhaust gas, the absorption medium containing dioxide flowing out of the second absorber via a discharge line of the second absorber directly into a delivery line of the first absorber.17. The method as claimed in claim 16 ,wherein an amine-containing absorption medium is used.18. The method as claimed in claim 16 ,wherein an amino acid salt is used as the ...

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Номер записи: 20
19-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR GENERATING COOL FRAME AND FLAMELESS FUEL OXIDATION USING NON-EQUILIBRIUM PLASMA ACTIVATION

Номер: US20170015921A1
Автор: Ju Yiguang, Sun Weiqi, Won Sang Hee
Принадлежит:

An exemplary embodiment can be an exemplary method, which can include, for example, generating a cool flame(s) using a plasma-assisted combustion, and maintaining the cool flame(s). The cool flame(s) can have a temperature below about 1050 Kelvin, which can be about 700 Kelvin. The cool flame(s) can be further generated using a heated counterflow burning arrangement and a an ozone generating arrangement. The heated counterflow burning arrangement can include a liquid fuel vaporization arrangement. The ozone generating arrangement can include a micro plasma dielectric barrier discharge arrangement. The plasma-assisted combustion can be generated using (i) liquid n-heptane, (i) heated nitrogen, and (iii) ozone. 1. A method , comprising:generating at least one cool flame using a plasma-assisted combustion; andmaintaining the at least one cool flame.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cool flame has a temperature below about 1050 Kelvin.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cool flame has a temperature of about 700 Kelvin.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cool flame is further generated using a heated counterflow flame arrangement and a an ozone generating arrangement.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the heated counterflow flame arrangement includes a liquid fuel vaporization arrangement.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the ozone generating arrangement includes a micro plasma dielectric barrier discharge arrangement.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating the plasma-assisted combustion using (i) liquid normal alkane claim 1 , (ii) heated nitrogen claim 1 , (iii) ozone claim 1 , (iv) at least one ether claim 1 , (v) at least one fuel or (vi) air.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the ozone is between about 0.1% and about 5%.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least one of the heated nitrogen or the air has a temperature between about 400 Kelvin and about 850 Kelvin.10. The method of claim 7 , further ...

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Номер записи: 21
21-01-2016 дата публикации

Calcium Sulfate Looping Cycles for Sour Gas Combustion and Electricity Production

Номер: US20160017799A1
Автор: Hoteit Ali, Younes Mourad
Принадлежит:

A calcium looping combustion process for sour gas combustion comprising a system that includes several reaction zones. The system is configured to provide oxygen transfer media production, generation of a syngas product stream, and in-situ HS removal from the sour gas. The system is also configured such that the calcium-based transfer media and the calcium-based oxygen carrier are reproduced via reactions in another reaction zone, and recirculated in the system.

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Номер записи: 22
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Combustion device and gas turbine engine system

Номер: US20200018482A1
Автор: MASAHIRO Uchida, Shintaro Ito, Shogo Onishi, Soichiro Kato, Taku Mizutani, Toshiro Fujimori, Tsukasa Saitou
Принадлежит: IHI Corp

The combustion device includes a combustor that combusts fuel ammonia and combustion air in a combustion chamber, wherein the combustor includes a cooling ammonia supplier that mixes the fuel ammonia into the combustion air and that supplies the fuel ammonia into the combustor.

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Номер записи: 23
28-01-2016 дата публикации

SORBENTS FOR COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20160025337A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит:

Sorbent compositions containing iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method for reducing environmental emissions of mercury arising from combusting a mercury containing fuel in a furnace of a facility , wherein the facility comprises a convective pathway for combustion gases from the furnace , the method comprising:applying a sorbent composition comprising iodine and calcium onto the fuel;delivering the fuel into the furnace;combusting the fuel together with the applied sorbent composition to produce heat energy and combustion gases; andmeasuring the level of mercury in the combustion gases.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises calcium iodide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an iodide claim 1 , an iodate claim 1 , or a hypoiodite.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising applying 0.01-10% by weight of the sorbent composition claim 1 , based on the weight of the fuel being burned.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises silica and alumina.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an aluminosilicate clay.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the clay comprises kaolin.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the clay comprises montmorillonite.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the facility comprises a chemical scrubber disposed in the convective pathway.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the chemical scrubber is a wet scrubber or an SCR control system.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the facility comprises a particulate removal system disposed in the convective pathway.12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the particulate removal system is an electrostatic precipitator.13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the particulate removal system is a bag house.14. The method of claim 1 , further ...

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Номер записи: 24
05-02-2015 дата публикации

Solvent Extraction of Bitumen Using Heat From Combustion of Product Cleaning Streams

Номер: US20150034530A1
Автор: Esmaeili Payman, JR. Fritz, Pace Justin D., Pierre, Rennard David C., Speirs Brian C.
Принадлежит:

Described herein is a process that employs heat, derived from the combustion of product cleaning streams, such as waste streams, in a solvent-based extraction process. Solvent extraction of bitumen generally involves combining solvent with a bituminous feed to produce a cleaned bitumen product. Solvent is recovered, for example by utilizing heat to cause evaporation, and recovered solvent may be re-used. In an exemplary embodiment, hot flue gas from waste stream combustion may provide the heat to evaporate the solvent. Product cleaning waste streams may be ones produced from the trim cleaning of solvent extracted bitumen or from treatment of bitumen froth produced in a water-based extraction process. The heat generated can contribute to the energy requirements of the overall solvent extraction of bitumen. 1. A process for generating heat from extracting oil from oil sands ore , the process comprising:contacting the oil sands ore with a non-aqueous solvent to form an oil sands slurry;mixing the oil sands slurry with an aqueous bridging liquid and agglomerating solids in the oil sands slurry;separating the oil sands slurry into a high solids stream and a low solids stream, wherein the high solids stream comprises 60% or more of solids from the oil sands slurry, and the high solids stream comprises agglomerated solids;removing the non-aqueous solvent from the high solids stream to form a dry solids stream, wherein the dry solids stream comprises residual hydrocarbons; andcombusting the residual hydrocarbons within the dry solids stream to generate heat and to fuse together the agglomerated solids due to high temperature treatment during combustion to form fused agglomerates.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing residual solids from the low solids stream to form a bitumen product and a product cleaning waste stream claim 1 , wherein the product cleaning waste stream comprises the residual solids and residual hydrocarbons.3. The process of claim 2 , ...

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Номер записи: 25
11-02-2016 дата публикации

Biomass combustion

Номер: US20160040873A1
Автор: Adam NICHOLSON, Jason SHIPSTONE, Paul STRAKER
Принадлежит: Drax Power Ltd

The present invention relates to a means and method for at least injecting mitigant particles into the combustion region (fireball) of a biomass boiler. The mitigant particles mitigate the slagging, fouling and corrosion problems caused by biomass ash by at least capturing the biomass ash. The mitigant particles capture the biomass ash by forming a physical bond with the biomass ash such that it adheres to the surface of mitigant particles. By injecting the mitigant particles into the combustion region, the opportunity to capture biomass ash is optimised.

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Номер записи: 26
06-02-2020 дата публикации

Quaternary Ammonium Amide And/Or Ester Salts

Номер: US20200040271A1
Автор: David J. Moreton, James C. Ray, James H. Bush, Paul R. Stevenson
Принадлежит: Lubrizol Corp

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

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Номер записи: 27
15-02-2018 дата публикации

REDUCING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM THE BURNING OF COAL

Номер: US20180045408A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит:

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components 1. A method of combusting coal to reduce the amount of mercury released into the environment from a coal burning facility , comprisingcombusting the coal to produce heat energy, fly ash, and flue gas;injecting a mercury sorbent comprising halogen into the flue gas where the temperature is higher than 500° C.; andadding a powder sorbent to the coal before combustion or injecting a powder sorbent into the furnace while the coal is combusting,wherein the powder sorbent comprises a source of calcium, alumina, and silica.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising injecting the mercury sorbent where the temperature is higher than 1000° C.3. The method according to claim 1 , comprising injecting the mercury sorbent where the temperature is 1500-2200° F.4. The method according to claim 1 , comprising injecting the mercury sorbent where the temperature is 2400-2600° F.5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising injecting the mercury sorbent where the temperature is 3000-3300° F.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises a bromine compound.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises an iodine compound.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the powder sorbent comprises an aluminosilicate material.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the powder sorbent comprises cement kiln dust.10. The method according to claim 1 , comprising adding the powder sorbent to the coal before combustion.11. The method according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 28
26-02-2015 дата публикации

LOW SULFUR COAL ADDITIVE FOR IMPROVED FURNACE OPERATION

Номер: US20150053123A1
Автор: Comer John Philip, Johnson Stephen Allen, Wurster John
Принадлежит:

The present invention is directed to additives for coal-fired furnaces, particularly furnaces using a layer of slag to capture coal particles for combustion. The additive(s) include iron, mineralizer(s), handling aid(s), flow aid(s), and/or abrasive material(s). The iron and mineralizers can lower the melting temperature of ash in low-iron, high alkali coals, leading to improved furnace performance. 136-. (canceled)37. A method of operating a solid fuel fired boiler , comprising:introducing a solid fuel into the boiler, wherein the solid fuel is a low sulfur Western coal;introducing an iron-containing material into the boiler, wherein the iron-containing material is at least one of mill scale from steel production and dust from blast furnace gas cleaning equipment; andat least partially combusting the solid fuel to produce an ash slag, wherein, in the at least partially combusting step, at least one of the following is true:(i) the ash slag has a fluid temperature less than a fluid temperature characteristic of the ash slag produced from combustion of the solid fuel alone; and(ii) the ash slag has a melting point less than the melting point of a second ash slag produced from the combustion of the solid fuel alone.38. The method of claim 37 , wherein the low sulfur Western coal is a Powder River Basin coal and wherein the ash slag has a viscosity during the at least partially combusting step that is less than the viscosity of the second ash slag produced from combustion of the solid fuel alone.39. The method of claim 37 , wherein the low sulfur Western coal has a sulfur content of less than about 1.5 wt. % (dry basis of the coal) and wherein the ash slag has a melting point during the at least partially combusting step that is less than the melting point of the second ash slag produced from combustion of the solid fuel alone.40. The method of claim 37 , wherein at least a portion of the iron-containing material fluxes the ash slag to produce a second ash slag having ...

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Номер записи: 29
14-02-2019 дата публикации

WATER BASED PRODUCT FOR TREATING VANADIUM RICH OILS

Номер: US20190048279A1
Автор: AMANCHERLA Sundar, JR. Donald, Kalaga Murali Krishna, Meskers
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

Provided are water-based fuel additive compositions that, when combusted with a fuel containing vanadium in a gas turbine, inhibit vanadium hot corrosion in the gas turbine. The water-based fuel additive compositions include at least one rare earth element compound or alkaline earth element compound that retards vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of vanadium rich fuel. 1. A water-based fuel additive composition for use in a vanadium-containing ash bearing fuel , the composition comprising:a first inhibitor and a optional second inhibitor that each retard vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of the fuel in a combustion apparatus, wherein the first and second inhibitors each, independently, comprise a rare earth element compound, an alkaline earth element compound, or a combination thereof;a optional third inhibitor that retards combustion-related contaminant corrosion in the combustion apparatus, wherein the third inhibitor comprises a non-vanadium first row transition metal or main group metal compound;a fourth inhibitor that retards non-combustion related corrosion;an emulsifier;an asphaltene dispersant;a optional combustion additive that improves combustion of the fuel; anda pH control agent.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier emulsifies the water-based fuel additive composition with fuel oil.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first inhibitor claim 1 , the second inhibitor claim 1 , the third inhibitor claim 1 , the fourth inhibitor claim 1 , the emulsifier claim 1 , the asphaltene dispersant claim 1 , the combustion additive claim 1 , and/or the pH control agent are dissolved and dispersed in a water based carrier.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first and second inhibitors are each claim 1 , independently claim 1 , a compound of yttrium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The composition ...

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Номер записи: 30
25-02-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR OPERATING A COAL-FIRED FURNACE WITH REDUCED SLAG FORMATION

Номер: US20160053993A1
Автор: Pastore Mark
Принадлежит:

There is provided a process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat. The process has the steps of a) providing the coal to the furnace and b) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace. The first slag-reducing ingredient and the second slag-reducing ingredient are different substances. The first slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, and combinations thereof. The second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate, copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and ammonium phosphate. There is also provided a method for reducing slag formation in a coal-fired furnace. 116-. (canceled)17. A process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat , comprising:a) providing the coal to the furnace; andb) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace, wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient comprises magnesium, wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient comprises copper, and wherein the ratio of the first slag-reducing ingredient to the second slag-reducing ingredient ranges from about 95:5 to about 60:40.18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient is magnesium hydroxide.19. The process of claim 17 , wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate claim 17 , copper nitrate claim 17 , and a combination thereof.20. The process of claim 17 , wherein the first and second slag-reducing ingredients are added to the coal at up to about 2000 ppm by weight based upon the weight of the coal as received.21. The process of claim 17 , wherein the first and second slag- ...

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Номер записи: 31
05-03-2015 дата публикации

LOW EMISSION FUEL PELLET

Номер: US20150059625A1
Автор: Harrell Joe, Keener Sumana, Keener Timothy Clark
Принадлежит:

Low emission fuel pellets are formed from fuel sources such as non-recyclable paper and plastic materials by combining sorbent(s) to the interior of the pellet as it is being formed or coating the pellet with sorbent(s) after it has been formed. The sorbent compound is a metal compound preferably formed from an alkaline or alkali earth metal or copper which will react with any acid gases and heavy metals formed during the burning of the pellets to form corresponding stable metal salts, which will remain in the ash. 1. A pelletized fuel product comprising pelletized fuel and a metal compound effective to react with HCl formed during burning of said fuel product.2. The pelletized fuel product claimed in wherein said metal compound is one of a carbonate claim 1 , hydroxide claim 1 , oxide claim 1 , bicarbonate claim 1 , or organic acid ester.3. The pelletized fuel claimed in wherein said metal is an alkali or alkaline earth metal.4. The pelletized fuel claimed in wherein said metal is strontium.5. The pelletized fuel claimed in wherein said metal is barium.6. The pelletized fuel claimed in wherein said metal compound includes at least one of Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2.7. The pelletized fuel claimed in wherein said fuel is a blend of paper and plastic and said metal compound is blended with said paper and plastic.8. The pelletized fuel product claimed in wherein said fuel is a blend of paper and plastic and said metal compound is coated on said fuel product.9. The pelletized fuel product claimed in wherein said metal compound decomposes at a temperature less than 1800° F.10. The pelletized fuel product claimed in wherein said metal compound includes a metal ion which forms a metal chloride which is stable at 1400° F.11. The method of generating heat by combusting the pelletized fuel claimed in in a stoker boiler or a fluidized bed combustor.12. A method of scrubbing combustion gas comprising combusting a fuel pellet comprising a fuel source blended with a sorbent effective to ...

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Номер записи: 32
22-05-2014 дата публикации

Reducing Mercury Emissions From The Burning of Coal

Номер: US20140141380A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx II, Ltd.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises a bromine compound or an iodine compound.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises calcium bromide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises sodium iodide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline powder sorbent comprises greater than 5% by weight silica and greater than 5% by weight alumina.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline powder sorbent comprises kaolin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline powder sorbent comprises calcium montmorillonite.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline powder sorbent comprises metakaolin.9. The method of claim 1 , comprising applying the mercury sorbent onto coal before combustion.10. The method of claim 1 , comprising delivering the alkaline powder sorbent into the furnace during combustion.11. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding the alkaline powder sorbent in a location downstream of the furnace where the temperature is greater than 500° C.12. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding the alkaline powder sorbent in a location downstream of the furnace where the temperature is greater than 800° C.13. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding the alkaline powder sorbent in a location downstream of the furnace where the temperature is 1500° F. to 2700° F.14. A method of reducing sulfur and mercury emissions arising from combustion of coal claim 1 , comprising burning the coal in a coal burning facility in the presence ...

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Номер записи: 33
28-02-2019 дата публикации

Combustion plant and method for operating a combustion plant

Номер: US20190063745A1
Автор: Martin MURER, Robert von Raven, Ulrich Martin
Принадлежит: Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik

A special distribution of nozzles in the flue gas outlet and their alignment make it possible to guide the flue gas along a wavy line. The addition of combustion air for primary air and secondary air can be variably distributed during operation of the combustion plant, for example so as to also keep the burnout per unit of time constant while maintaining a constant combustion air ratio.

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Номер записи: 34
17-03-2016 дата публикации

FURNACES AND METHODS OF REDUCING HEAT DEGRADING OF METAL HEATING COILS OF FURNACES

Номер: US20160076761A1
Автор: Amira Naji, Naredi Prabhat, Pross Jörg, Toqan Majed, Tschirren Stefan
Принадлежит:

A method includes providing a furnace including a radiant heating zone having metal heating coils and burners, concurrently applying a combustion media, having a combustibility, and a diluent to the burners, the burners burning the combustion media producing flames heating the radiant heating zone, and the diluent reducing the combustibility of the combustion media for reducing heat generated by the flames for reducing heat degradation of the metal heating coils. 1. A method , comprising:providing a furnace, the furnace includes a radiant heating zone having metal heating coils and burners;concurrently applying a combustion media and a diluent to the burners, the combustion media having a combustibility;the burners burning the combustion media producing flames heating the radiant heating zone; andthe diluent reducing the combustibility of the combustion media for reducing heat generated by the flames for reducing heat degradation of the metal heating coils.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combustion media comprises fuel.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combustion media comprises fuel and air.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the diluent is selected from a group consisting of flue gas claim 1 , steam claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and nitrogen.5. A method claim 1 , comprising:providing a furnace, the furnace includes a radiant heating zone having metal heating coils and burners;applying combustion media to the burners, the combustion media has a combustibility and includes, air, fuel, and a diluent in at least one of the air and the fuel;the burners burning the combustion media producing flames heating the radiant heating zone; andthe diluent reducing the combustibility of the combustion media for reducing heat generated by the flames for reducing heat degradation of the metal heating coils.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the combustion media comprises fuel.7. The method according to claim ...

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Номер записи: 35
05-03-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MERCURY FROM COAL-FIRED BOILERS

Номер: US20200071629A1
Автор: Bustard Cynthia Jean, Durham Michael D., Filippelli Gregory M., Morris William J., Senior Constance, Sjostrom Sharon M.
Принадлежит:

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury. 1) A method of forming a treated combustion feed material comprising:providing a combustion feed material comprising coal; andcontacting the feed material with an additive to form a treated combustion feed material, wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted and a halogen containing material that forms a gas-phase halogen when combusted.2) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a Psize ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).3) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate claim 1 , the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , a porous metal silicate material claim 1 , a clay claim 1 , an activated carbon claim 1 , char claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , flyash claim 1 , a metal claim 1 , and a metal oxide.4) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises urea.5) The method of claim 1 , wherein a halogen in the halogen-containing material is one or more of iodine and bromine.6) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material is encapsulated with a coating comprising one or more of a silane claim 1 , siloxane claim 1 , organosilanes claim 1 , amorphous silia to impede thermal degradation and/or decomposition of the nitrogenous material.7) The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the additive with the remainder being the coal and wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises a mass ratio of nitrogen: ...

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Номер записи: 36
12-06-2014 дата публикации

Emission control system

Номер: US20140158029A1
Автор: Berani A.C Halley, Bobby I.T. Chen, John EDEL, Kevin Jackson, Randall P. Moore, Stephen BALOGA
Принадлежит: Individual

Methods of treating mercury contaminated gas comprising: introducing a hydrogen halide selected from HBr and HI into a mercury contaminated gas stream containing a quantity of particulate matter at an introduction rate sufficient to create a concentration of at least 0.1 ppmvd; wherein greater than 50% of all particulate matter in the mercury contaminated gas stream is a native particulate matter; contacting a quantity of active bromine with the native particulate matter; creating a doped particulate matter; coating a filtration media with the doped particulate matter; and passing a portion of the mercury contaminated gas stream through the doped particulate matter on the filtration media and other related methods are disclosed herein.

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Номер записи: 37
02-04-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RETROFITTING A BURNER FRONT AND INJECTING A SECOND FUEL INTO A UTILITY FURNACE

Номер: US20150090165A1
Автор: Abeyta Christopher L.
Принадлежит:

This disclosure may relate generally to systems, devices, and methods for a injecting a compound through a sootblower, burner or other utility furnace hardware, such that the compound can be delivered to targeted areas on the inside of a utility furnace. In one embodiment, the compound is a chemical for improving environmental controls. In another embodiment, the compound is a fuel. In that embodiment, compound can facilitate retrofitting a burner to a dual fired utility furnace. In another embodiment, the compound is a chemical for removing slag from the furnace. 1. A method of retrofitting a utility furnace , wherein the utility furnace has a burner front , wherein the burner front fires the utility furnace with a first fuel type , and wherein the burner front supplies combustion air associated with the combustion of the first fuel type , wherein the combustion air is delivered into the utility furnace via a delivery mechanism , wherein the combustion air comprises at least one of: primary air , secondary air , and tertiary air , the method comprising:connecting a source of a second fuel type to the delivery mechanism for the combustion air, wherein the connection is configured to introduce the second fuel type into the combustion air at a location outside of the burner front;wherein the first fuel type is a different type of fuel from the second fuel type.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the utility furnace is a coal fired furnace and the first fuel type is coal.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second fuel type is one of: a liquid and a gas.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second fuel type is natural gas liquid (NGL).5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second fuel type is liquefied natural gas (LNG).6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first fuel type is coal and the second fuel type is natural gas claim 2 , and further comprising pneumatically conveying the coal and the natural gas in the combustion air claim 2 , which comprises primary air.7. ...

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Номер записи: 38
21-03-2019 дата публикации

Catalyst for desulfurization, method of preparing the same, and desulfurization method using the same

Номер: US20190085254A1
Автор: Cheol Lee
Принадлежит: Individual

Disclosed is a catalyst for desulfurization, including (a) an oxide selected from among SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, MnO, CaO, Na2O, K2O and P2O3, (b) a metal selected from among Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Cd and Pb, and (c) a liquid compound selected from among sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7.10H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The catalyst of the invention has a 2:1 type layered structure in which one octahedral layer is interposed between two tetrahedral layers and which has a net negative charge due to occupation of only two of three positively charged sites in the octahedral layer, and the catalyst for desulfurization is provided in the form of a metal chelate compound through chelation with a metal ion, whereby sulfur oxide (SOx) can be adsorbed and removed at high efficiency upon combustion of a combustible substance.

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Номер записи: 39
21-03-2019 дата публикации

Desulfurization system using catalyst for desulfurization

Номер: US20190085255A1
Автор: Cheol Lee
Принадлежит: Individual

Disclosed is a desulfurization system using a catalyst for desulfurization, including a coal feed unit for conveying a combustible substance, a spray unit for spraying a catalyst for desulfurization, a coal pulverization unit for pulverizing the combustible substance conveyed from the coal feed unit, and a combustion unit for combusting the pulverized combustible substance, wherein during transfer of the combustible substance from the coal feed unit to the coal pulverization unit, the catalyst for desulfurization is sprayed using the spray unit and is mixed with the combustible substance. The desulfurization system of the invention can be simply and easily applied to various combustion facilities because, during the transfer of the combustible substance from the coal feed unit to the coal pulverization unit, the catalyst for desulfurization is sprayed and is mixed with the combustible substance, thereby efficiently reducing sulfur oxide (SOx) emission due to combustion of fossil fuel.

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Номер записи: 40
09-04-2015 дата публикации

Reducing Mercury Emissions From The Burning of Coal

Номер: US20150096480A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит:

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components 1. A method for burning coal to reduce the amount of mercury released into the atmosphere , comprising:applying sorbent components comprising a halogen compound and an aluminosilicate material onto coal; anddelivering the coal with the sorbent components applied into a coal burning furnace; andburning the coal with applied sorbent components in the furnace to produce heat energy, flue gas, and coal ash.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coal is sub-bituminous coal.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coal is bituminous coal.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the halogen compound is a bromine compound.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the bromine compound comprises calcium bromide.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate material is a clay.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the aluminosilicate material comprises kaolinite claim 6 , calcium montmorillonite claim 6 , or sodium montmorillonite.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate material comprises kaolin.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate material comprises meta-kaolin.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate material comprises a zeolite.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate material comprises a feldspar.12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the halogen compound comprises calcium bromide.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent components ...

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Номер записи: 41
12-05-2022 дата публикации

PETROLEUM RESIDUUM BURNING BOILER AND COMBUSTION METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20220146090A1
Автор: ISEDA Hitoshi, SUEMITSU Nobuo, TABATA Seiji
Принадлежит: KAWASAKI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA

In a petroleum residuum burning boiler including: a high-temperature reduction combustion chamber to which petroleum residuum fuel and primary combustion air are supplied and in which combustion is performed at a temperature of 1,300° C. or more and an air ratio of less than one; and a low-temperature oxidation combustion chamber which is connected to the high-temperature reduction combustion chamber and in which combustion is performed at a temperature of less than 1,300° C. and an air ratio of one or more, an assist gas is supplied to the high-temperature reduction combustion chamber, and unburned carbon of a combustion gas of the petroleum residuum fuel is gasified by a water gas reaction by using steam, generated by combustion of the assist gas, as a gasifying agent. 1. A petroleum residuum burning boiler comprising: a high-temperature reduction combustion chamber in which combustion is performed at a temperature of 1,300° C. or more and an air ratio of less than one and', 'a low-temperature oxidation combustion chamber which is connected to the high-temperature reduction combustion chamber and in which combustion is performed at a temperature of less than 1,300° C. and an air ratio of one or more;, 'a furnace body including'}a burner that supplies petroleum residuum fuel and primary combustion air to the high-temperature reduction combustion chamber;a two-stage combustion air supply nozzle that supplies two-stage combustion air to the low-temperature oxidation combustion chamber; andan assist gas supply nozzle through which an assist gas is supplied to the high-temperature reduction combustion chamber, the assist gas containing a component which generates steam by combustion, the steam being used as a gasifying agent for unburned carbon of a combustion gas of the petroleum residuum fuel.2. The petroleum residuum burning boiler according to claim 1 , wherein the burner is a coaxial mixed combustion burner including the assist gas supply nozzle and a main fuel ...

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Номер записи: 42
28-03-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OXYGEN CARRIER ASSISTED OXY-FIRED FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION

Номер: US20190093882A1
Автор: Hughes Robin W., Lu Dennis Y., Ridha Firas N., Symonds Robert T.
Принадлежит:

An oxygen fired fluidized bed combustor system (Oxy-FBC) is provided. The system provides means of producing a nearly pure stream of carbon dioxide for storage at high efficiency by controlling the oxygen content within certain regions of the combustor to control the rate of heat release allowing efficient transfer of heat from the combustor to the boiler tubes while avoiding excessively high temperatures that will cause ash melting, and simultaneously remove sulphur from the combustor via sorbents such as limestone and dolomite. The present invention utilizes a coarse oxygen carrier bed material to distribute heat and oxygen throughout an Oxy-FBC, while injecting fine sulphur sorbent that will continuously be removed from the bed. 1. A process for obtaining heat from combustion of a fuel comprising the steps of:i) providing a combustion chamber comprising a fluidized bed material and means for transferring heat out of the combustion chamber;ii) introducing the fuel and a gas into the combustion chamber;iii) introducing a sorbent into the combustion chamber wherein said sorbent is capable of adsorbing sulphur containing compounds;{'sub': 2', '2, 'iv) producing a gas stream comprising primarily of COand HO by combustion of the fuel; and'} wherein the bed material comprises at least a first material comprising particles having a first minimum transport velocity and a second material comprising particles having a second minimum transport velocity, and wherein the minimum transport velocity of the particles of the first material is greater than the minimum transport velocity of the particles of the second material;', 'wherein the first material comprises an oxygen carrier capable of transferring oxygen to and from the gases in the combustion chamber generated by the localized or distributed partial oxidation of the fuel;', 'wherein the second material comprises the sorbent;', 'wherein the gas introduced into the combustion chamber comprises oxygen and a moderating gas; ...

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Номер записи: 43
28-03-2019 дата публикации

Sorbents For Coal Combustion

Номер: US20190093883A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит:

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method for reducing the amount of sulfur gases released into the atmosphere from a coal burning plant , comprising adding a sorbent to the coal prior to combustion; delivering the coal into a furnace; burning the coal in the furnace to produce ash and flue gases; and measuring the level of sulfur gases in the flue gas; wherein the sorbent comprises calcium iodide.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the coal is lignite coal.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the coal is bituminous coal.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the coal is anthracite coal.5. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising controlling the rate of the sorbent addition based on the level of sulfur gases determined in the flue gas.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent comprises at least one of cement kiln dust claim 1 , lime kiln dust claim 1 , and Portland cement.7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the sorbent further comprises aluminosilicate clay.8. A method for reducing emissions of sulfur and/or other harmful elements arising from combustion of coal in a coal burning facility claim 6 , the method comprising: applying a sorbent composition comprising calcium and iodine onto coal; burning the coal containing the calcium and iodine sorbent composition to produce ash and combustion gases; measuring a level of sulfur in the combustion gases; and adjusting the amount of calcium added onto the coal based on the measured level of sulfur.9. A method according to claim 8 , wherein 90% of the mercury in the coal is captured in the ash to prevent its release into the environment.10. A method according to claim 8 , further comprising measuring a level of mercury in the combustion gases and adjusting the amount of iodine added to the ...

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Номер записи: 44
23-04-2015 дата публикации

Controlling Injection of Magnesium Oxide for Controlling SO3 with Enhanced Bioler Efficiency

Номер: US20150107498A1
Автор: Cottingham Steven William, Gavaskar Vasudeo Shashikant, Snow Gerry Carl, Solberg Fabian Johan, Sun William H.
Принадлежит: FUEL TECH, INC.

Disclosed is a process for controlling injection of magnesium oxide (or precursor) for reducing the concentration of sulfur trioxide in combustion gases from a combustor burning vanadium and sulfur-containing fuel while operating the boiler with enhanced efficiency. In-fuel introduction is combined with mid-temperature introduction, where both can be operated effectively, are found to be of primary importance. When in-fuel introduction will not be effective due to selectivity problems, feed can be shifted to a high-temperature zone. Where the high- or mid-temperature zone cannot be fully utilized due to obstructions for injection or insufficient soot blowers to address fouling of that zone or boiler operational changes to integrate the magnesium oxide injection is insufficient, an entire or a portion of feed can be shifted to the low-temperature zones. 1. A process for controlling injection of magnesium oxide for reducing the concentration of sulfur trioxide in combustion gases from a combustor while maintaining heat exchange efficiency , comprising:a. where effective, feeding magnesium oxide or precursor with fuel fed to the combustor at an in-fuel feed rate effective to cause chemical composition of resulting slag to differ from what it would be without the magnesium oxide or precursor;b. optionally, at the same time as in-fuel feeding or by itself, feeding magnesium oxide or precursor at a high-temperature feed rate to a combustor at one or more positions in a high-temperature zone having a temperature above 1800° F.;c. feeding magnesium oxide or precursor at a mid-temperature feed rate to combustor at one or more positions in a mid-temperature zone having a temperature of from 1200° to below 1800° F.;d. optionally feeding at the same time or by itself magnesium oxide or precursor at a low-temperature feed rate to a combustor at one or more positions in a low-temperature zone having a temperature below 1200° F.;e. periodically determining boiler efficiency by ...

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Номер записи: 45
04-04-2019 дата публикации

Reducing Mercury Emissions From The Burning Of Coal

Номер: US20190101286A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит:

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components 1. A method of operating a coal burning facility to reduce emissions of sulfur or other harmful components arising from combustion of coal in a furnace of the facility , comprising:adding a sorbent composition comprising a halogen to the coal;burning coal with the applied sorbent composition to make energy, combustion gas, and ash; andmeasuring a concentration of sulfur in the combustion gas, wherein no sorbent components are added into the combustion gas or in any section of the facility downstream of the furnace during the coal burning.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the halogen is bromine.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the halogen is iodine.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises sodium iodide.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises potassium iodide.6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises calcium bromide.7. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises calcium iodide.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises alumina and silica.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an aluminosilicate clay.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises cement kiln dust.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises a source of calcium and a source of halogen.12. The method according to claim 11 , ...

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Номер записи: 46
07-05-2015 дата публикации

Mineral Additive Blend Compositions and Methods for Operating Combustors for Avoiding Problems such as Agglomeration, Deposition, Corrosion and Reducing Emissions

Номер: US20150122161A1
Автор: Landon Thomas, Osby James David, PERRONNET MURIELLE, RAVAGNANI CHRISTIAN
Принадлежит: Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co.

The method further includes heating at least a portion of the inorganic compound-containing material and clay, such that at least a portion of the clay is at least partially calcined, and the at least partially calcined clay and functional mineral adsorb at least a portion of the inorganic volatile compounds present in the furnace and react with the ash produced during fuel combustion increasing its refractoriness. The method further includes removing at least a portion of the at least partially calcined clay and adsorbed inorganic compounds from the furnace. 1145-. (canceled)146. A method for operating a combustor , the method comprising:introducing fuel into a furnace configured to combust the fuel; (i) an aluminosilicate and/or aluminum containing compound, and', '(ii) a functional mineral into the furnace; and, 'introducing a mineral additive blend comprising'}heating at least a portion of the fuel and mineral additive blend,wherein the functional mineral is selected from one or more of a magnesium containing mineral and a calcium containing mineral.147. The method of claim 146 , wherein the functional mineral comprises a magnesium containing mineral.148. The method of claim 147 , wherein said magnesium containing mineral comprises magnesium oxide or a magnesium oxide precursor material claim 147 , which forms magnesium oxide upon heating in the furnace claim 147 , wherein the magnesium oxide precursor material is selected from one or more of talc claim 147 , dolomite claim 147 , brucite claim 147 , and magnesium carbonate.149. The method of claim 148 , wherein said magnesium containing mineral comprises dolomite.150. The method of claim 146 , wherein the functional mineral comprises a calcium containing mineral.151. The method of claim 150 , wherein the calcium containing mineral is calcium oxide or a calcium oxide precursor material claim 150 , which forms calcium oxide upon heating in the furnace.152. The method of claim 151 , wherein said calcium containing ...

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Номер записи: 47
13-05-2021 дата публикации

BOILER

Номер: US20210140629A1
Автор: ISHIHARA Sakiko, ITO Takamasa, ZHANG Juwei
Принадлежит: IHI CORPORATION

A boiler performs mixed-fuel combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel and ammonia as a fuel, and includes a furnace having a plurality of wall parts, a burner installed on at least one of the wall parts of the furnace, and an ammonia injection port that is configured to cause the ammonia to be burned as the fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the wall part where the burner is not installed. 1. A boiler which performs mixed-fuel combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel and ammonia as a fuel , the boiler comprising:a furnace having a plurality of wall parts;a burner installed on at least one of the wall parts of the furnace; andan ammonia injection port that is configured to cause the ammonia to be burned as the fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the wall part where the burner is not installed.2. The boiler according to claim 1 , a front wall on which the burner is installed,', 'a rear wall on which the burner is installed, and which is disposed to face the front wall, and', 'a side wall which connects the front wall and the rear wall to each other, and on which the burner is not installed, and, 'wherein the wall parts of the furnace include'}the ammonia injection port is provided on at least one of the front wall and the rear wall, and disposed closer to the side wall than the burner in a horizontal direction.3. The boiler according to claim 2 ,wherein the ammonia injection port is configured to inject the ammonia in a direction in which the burner injects the fuel.4. The boiler according to claim 2 ,wherein the ammonia injection port is further installed on the side wall.5. The boiler according to claim 1 ,wherein the wall parts of the furnace include a hopper wall that is narrowed toward a discharge port through which ash is discharged outward, andthe ammonia injection port is configured to cause the ammonia to flow along an inner wall surface of the hopper wall. This application is a Continuation Application based on International Application No. PCT/ ...

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Номер записи: 48
13-05-2021 дата публикации

COMBUSTION DEVICE AND BOILER

Номер: US20210140634A1
Автор: ZHANG Juwei
Принадлежит: IHI CORPORATION

A combustion device is installed in a furnace, is configured to inject and burn ammonia as a fuel, and includes an inner tube nozzle disposed in a center part of the combustion device when viewed in an injection direction of the fuel, and configured to inject the ammonia, and an outer tube nozzle disposed to surround the inner tube nozzle from outside in a radial direction when viewed in the injection direction of the fuel, and configured to inject the ammonia around the inner tube nozzle. 1. A combustion device which is installed in a furnace and is configured to inject and burn ammonia as a fuel , the combustion device comprising:an inner tube nozzle disposed in a center part of the combustion device when viewed in an injection direction of the fuel, and configured to inject the ammonia; andan outer tube nozzle disposed to surround the inner tube nozzle from outside in a radial direction when viewed in the injection direction of the fuel, and configured to inject the ammonia around the inner tube nozzle.2. The combustion device according to claim 1 , further comprisinga swirler disposed inside the outer tube nozzle and configured to swirl a flow of the ammonia injected around the inner tube nozzle.3. The combustion device according to claim 1 , further comprisinga pulverized coal injection nozzle configured to inject air containing pulverized coal around the outer tube nozzle when viewed in the injection direction of the fuel.4. The combustion device according to claim 3 , whereinthe pulverized coal injection nozzle is formed of a single tube structure disposed to surround the outer tube nozzle from outside in the radial direction when viewed in the injection direction of the fuel, and configured to guide the air containing the pulverized coal between the pulverized coal injection nozzle and an outer wall surface of the outer tube nozzle.5. The combustion device according to claim 3 , whereinthe pulverized coal injection nozzle is formed of a double tube structure ...

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Номер записи: 49
25-04-2019 дата публикации

HOT-SIDE METHOD AND SYSTEM

Номер: US20190118141A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Durham Michael D., Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions. 1. A method , comprising:generating from a mercury-containing feed material a mercury-containing gas stream comprising vapor-phase elemental mercury and a vapor-phase halogen;passing the mercury-containing gas stream through a scrubber to remove at least a portion of the vapor-phase halogen and/or a halogen-containing derivative thereof and form a halogen-containing scrubbing medium and a treated gas stream; andremoving the halogen from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium to form a treated scrubbing medium for recycle to the scrubber and a removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen in the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material is one or more of bromine and iodine and wherein the scrubber is a wet or dry scrubber.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber removes at least most of the vapor-phase halogen from the gas stream and wherein the scrubber removes at least most of an acid gas from the gas stream.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least most of the halogen on the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is removed as the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and is capable of removing one or more of HCl claim 1 , HBr claim 1 , and HF from the gas stream.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of membrane separation claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , adsorption claim 1 , and/or absorption.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is contacted with an oxidant to assist halogen removal.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of an ion exchange resin claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 50
21-05-2015 дата публикации

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM AMIDE AND/OR ESTER SALTS

Номер: US20150136002A1
Автор: Bush James H., Moreton David J., Ray James C., Stevenson Paul R.
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels. 1. A composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt detergent containing an ester group , where the quaternized detergent comprises the reaction product of:(a) the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one of N,N-dimethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminobutanol, 1-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperidine, 2-[2-(dimethylamine)ethoxy]-ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol, or combinations thereof; and(b) a quaternizing agent.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a protic solvent is present during the reaction of (a) and (b) and wherein the reaction of (a) and (b) is essentially free of any additional acid component other than an acid group present in the structure of the detergent.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the protic solvent comprises water and/or a linear or branched alcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises the reaction product of a polyolefin and a α claim 1 ,β-monounsaturated Cto Canhydride.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternized detergent comprises the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one of 1-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperidine claim 1 , 2-[2-(dimethylamine)ethoxy]-ethanol claim 1 , 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol claim 1 , or combinations thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein (b) claim 1 , the quaternizing agent claim 1 , comprises ethylene oxide claim 1 , propylene oxide claim 1 , butylene oxide claim 1 , styrene oxide claim 1 , or ...

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Номер записи: 51
21-05-2015 дата публикации

CONTROL OF COMBUSTION SYSTEM EMISSIONS

Номер: US20150136003A1
Автор: Radway Jerrold E., Smith James
Принадлежит: Clearchem Development, LLC

A process for capturing undesirable combustion products produced in a high temperature combustion system in which a carbonaceous fuel is utilized. Very finely sized particles of alkaline earth carbonates or hydroxides, with or without added ground ash, are provided in slurry form, are dried and milled to provide unagglomerated, sub-micron-sized particles that are injected along with pulverized coal into the high temperature combustion zone of a furnace. The particles capture and neutralize the gases that result in condensable acids, including SO, NO, HCL, and HF, as well as capturing toxic metals that are present in the combustion products, they mitigate ash fouling and slagging, and they facilitate economic heat exchange that permits fuel savings and recovery of water for use in other processes. 1. A process for controlling combustion system emissions from combustion systems in which a carbonaceous-fuel is combusted , said process comprising the steps of:{'sub': x', 'x', '2, 'introducing a carbonaceous fuel and air into a furnace to provide a combustible fuel/air mixture and combusting the fuel/air mixture at a furnace combustion region to provide combustion products in the form of flue gases containing pollutant compounds including SO, NO, Hg, As, and CO, wherein the temperature within the furnace combustion region is from about 2500° F. to about 3000° F.;'}introducing into the furnace combustion region an alkaline-earth-metal-containing reagent to expose the reagent to the furnace combustion region temperature to thereby calcine the reagent within the furnace combustion region into a plurality of alkaline-earth-metal oxide particles to provide a scavenging agent in particulate form for scavenging combustion product components, wherein the alkaline-earth-metal oxide particles are in the form of a plurality of discrete, substantially non-agglomerated alkaline-earth-metal oxide particles having a particle size of less than about 3 microns;{'sub': x', 'x, 'contacting ...

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Номер записи: 52
10-05-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MERCURY FROM COAL-FIRED BOILERS

Номер: US20180127673A1
Автор: Bustard Cynthia Jean, Durham Michael D., Filippelli Gregory M., Morris William J., Senior Constance, Sjostrom Sharon M.
Принадлежит:

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury. 1. A method , comprising:contacting a combustion feed material with an additive to form a combined combustion feed material, the additive comprising a nitrogenous material; andcombusting the combined combustion feed material to form an off-gas comprising a nitrogen oxide and a derivative of the nitrogenous material, the derivative of the nitrogenous material causing removal of at least a portion of the nitrogen oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a Psize ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combustion feed material comprises mercury claim 1 , wherein combustion of the combined combustion feed material volatilizes elemental mercury claim 1 , and wherein the additive comprises a halogen-containing material to oxidize the elemental mercury.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate claim 1 , the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , other porous metal silicate material claim 1 , clay claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , char claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , (fly) ash claim 1 , metal claim 1 , and metal oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 53
07-08-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INCREASING THE SERVICE LIFE AND/OR CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF AN SCR CATALYST AND CONTROL OF MULTIPLE EMISSIONS

Номер: US20140216309A1
Автор: Gadgil Mandar R., GHORISHI S. Behrooz, TONN Donald P.
Принадлежит: Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc.

The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for reducing or preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to protect the SCR catalyst. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for increasing the service life and/or catalytic activity of an SCR catalyst while simultaneously controlling various emissions. 1. A method for increasing the active life of an SCR catalyst , the method comprising the steps of:(a) providing a fuel to a furnace, or boiler, wherein the fuel is selected from a mixture of coal and biomass, a mixture of coal and bone meal, or biomass;(b) subjecting the fuel to a combustion process, wherein the combustion process produces at least one gaseous phosphorus compound and/or at least one gaseous phosphorus-containing compound;(c) providing at least one iron-bearing compound to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of the furnace, or boiler, prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR, wherein the SCR is located upstream of at least one air heater; and(d) permitting the at least one iron-bearing compound to react with the at least one gaseous phosphorus compound and/or the at least one gaseous phosphorus-containing compound present in the combustion zone or flue gas prior to the entry of the flue gas into the SCR to form an iron phosphorus-containing compound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one iron-bearing compound is selected from metallic iron claim 1 , one or more iron oxides claim 1 , iron carbonate claim 1 , or mixtures of two or more thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one iron-bearing compound is selected from iron (III) ...

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Номер записи: 54
19-05-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MERCURY FROM COAL-FIRED BOILERS

Номер: US20160137942A1
Автор: Bustard Cynthia Jean, Durham Michael D., Filippelli Gregory M., Morris William J., Senior Constance, Sjostrom Sharon M.
Принадлежит:

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury. 1. A method , comprising:contacting a combustion feed material with an additive to form a combined combustion feed material, the additive comprising a nitrogenous material; andcombusting the combined combustion feed material to form an off-gas comprising a nitrogen oxide and a derivative of the nitrogenous material, the derivative of the nitrogenous material causing removal of at least a portion of the nitrogen oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a Psize ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate claim 1 , the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , other porous metal silicate material claim 1 , clay claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , char claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , (fly) ash claim 1 , metal claim 1 , and metal oxide.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 3 , wherein an amount of nitrogen added in a nitrogenous material added to the off-gas is at least about 0.5% of a theoretical stoichiometric ratio based on an amount of nitrogen oxide present claim 3 , wherein the combined combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 0.75 wt. % additive claim 3 , and wherein the nitrogen content of the nitrogenous material:halogen in the additive ranges from about 1:1 to about 2400:1.7. The method of claim ...

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Номер записи: 55
28-05-2015 дата публикации

REMOVAL DEVICE FOR RADIOACTIVE CESIUM

Номер: US20150144038A1
Автор: Honma Kenichi, Ogiri Tetsuo, Okamura Soichiro, SHINDO Takuya, TANAKA Yoshihisa
Принадлежит: TAIHEIYO CEMENT CORPORATION

To provide a device for removing radioactive cesium from waste material containing radioactive cesium, doing so at low energy and in a dependable manner. The removal device for radioactive cesium is provided with: a rotary kiln which is provided with a burner supplying from the kiln outlet an organic matter O contaminated with radioactive cesium, and an inorganic matter charging port supplying from the kiln inlet inorganic matter S contaminated with radioactive cesium, and which is employed to burn the organic matter O together with the inorganic matter S and a recovery device cooling tower a cyclone a bag filter for recovering cesium that has volatilized in the rotary kiln. A drying/crushing device (dryer crusher ) for drying and crushing the organic matter O prior to charging the radioactive cesium-contaminated organic matter to the rotary kiln can be provided. Additionally, a reforming/drying/crushing device (reformer dryer crusher ) for reforming, drying, and crushing the inorganic matter S can be provided. During burning of the organic matter O together with the inorganic matter S a calcium source can be added as a reaction accelerant A to the rotary kiln. 1. A removal device for radioactive cesium comprising:organic matter supplying means for supplying an organic matter contaminated with radioactive cesium from a kiln outlet;inorganic matter supplying means for supplying an inorganic matter contaminated with radioactive cesium from a kiln inlet;a rotary kiln for burning the organic matter together with the inorganic matter; anda recovery device for recovering cesium volatilizing in the rotary kiln.2. The removal device for radioactive cesium as claimed in further comprising a drying/crushing device for drying and crushing said organic matter contaminated with radioactive cesium before thrown into the rotary kiln.3. The removal device for radioactive cesium as claimed in further comprising a reformer for reforming said inorganic matter contaminated with ...

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Номер записи: 56
30-04-2020 дата публикации

Additive Composition and Method for Preventing Fouling, Slagging, and Corrosion of Biomass Multi Fuel Fired or Dedicated Boilers Using Alumina

Номер: US20200131449A1
Автор: JEON Kwonho
Принадлежит:

Provided is an additive composition and method for preventing fouling, slagging and corrosion of biomass multi fuel fired or dedicated boilers using alumina, and more particularly, to an additive composition capable of effectively preventing from fouling, slagging and corrosion of the inner wall of a biomass boiler and optimizing the thermal efficiency of power generation facilities by increasing the melting temperature of an inorganic material contained in the biomass fuel using alumina, and the additive composition may include 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of alumina (AlO) in respective of 100 parts by weight of fuels fed into biomass multi fuel fired or dedicated boilers. 1. An additive composition for preventing fouling , slagging , and corrosion of a biomass multi-fuel fired boiler or a dedicated boiler using alumina , the additive composition comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, '0.1 to 5 parts by weight of alumina (AlO) in respect to 100 parts by weight of biomass fuel injected into the biomass multi-fuel fired boiler or the dedicated boiler.'}2. The additive composition of claim 1 , further comprising 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of cinder.3. The additive composition of claim 1 , further comprising 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of silica containing AlOin respect to 100 parts by weight of biomass fuel claim 1 , wherein silica containing AlOis obtained from bauxite using the Bayer process during aluminum smelting.4. A method of preventing fouling claim 1 , slagging claim 1 , and corrosion of a biomass multi-fuel fired boiler or a dedicated boiler using alumina claim 1 , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'injecting an additive composition comprising 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of alumina (AlO) in respect to 100 parts by weight of fuel.'}5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the additive composition further comprises 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of cinder.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the additive composition further comprises 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of silica containing AlO claim 4 ...

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Номер записи: 57
14-08-2014 дата публикации

SORBENTS FOR COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20140224158A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx ll, Ltd.

Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method of reducing the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal , comprising adding remediation materials onto the coal and delivering the coal with the sorbent composition applied into a furnace for combustion , wherein the remediation materials comprise calcium oxides , calcium halogens , oxides of silicon , oxides of aluminum , oxides of iron , oxides of magnesium , oxides of sodium , and oxides of potassium.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the remediation materials comprise calcium bromide.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the remediation materials comprise an aqueous solution of a bromine containing salt or an iodine containing salt.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the remediation materials contain sufficient silica and alumina to form a refractory mixture with calcium sulfate claim 1 , such that calcium sulfate is removed by a particle control system of the furnace.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the remediation materials comprise calcium oxide claim 1 , calcium bromide claim 1 , calcium nitrite claim 1 , Portland cement claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , or calcium carbonate.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein adding the remediation materials reduces mercury emissions by at least 90% claim 1 , measured against emissions observed without the use of the remediation materials.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the remediation materials comprise calcium in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 with respect to the amount of sulfur in the coal being burned.8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising monitoring the level of mercury emitted from the furnace claim 1 , and adjusting the addition of the remediation ...

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Номер записи: 58
26-05-2016 дата публикации

PLANT, COMBUSTION APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR REDUCTION OF NOx EMISSIONS

Номер: US20160146462A1
Автор: Mitchell B. Cohen, Todd D. Hellewell
Принадлежит: General Electric Technology GmbH

A combustion apparatus includes a combustion chamber having multiple combustion zones. A first wind box is in communication with the first combustion zone to feed the fuel to be fed into the combustion chamber for initial combustion of the fuel within the first combustion zone. A second wind box has a reburner in communication with the second combustion zone. The reburner is configured to feed fuel, a reagent and a first portion of the flue gas to be recycled to the second combustion zone into the second combustion zone to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions of the apparatus. A third wind box is in communication with the third combustion zone to feed air to the third combustion zone to complete the combustion process.

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Номер записи: 59
07-06-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TESTING FLUE GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS

Номер: US20180156454A1
Автор: Persson Daniel PerNiklas
Принадлежит:

A sampling assembly includes a vessel that is configured to receive a flue gas stream at a predetermined temperature and a regent product. The sampling assembly also includes an agitator positioned within the vessel. The agitator is configured to rotate within the vessel to cause a chemical reaction to induce formation of particulate matter. The sampling assembly further includes a sensor coupled to the agitator. The sensor is configured to measure a variable operating parameter of the agitator, wherein a change in value of the variable operating parameter is indicative that the particulate matter agglomerates at the predetermined flue gas stream temperature. 1. A sampling assembly comprising:a vessel configured to receive a flue gas stream at a predetermined temperature and a reagent product;an agitator positioned within said vessel, said agitator configured to rotate within said vessel to cause a chemical reaction to induce formation of particulate matter; anda sensor coupled to said agitator, said sensor configured to measure a variable operating parameter of said agitator, wherein a change in value of the variable operating parameter is indicative that the particulate matter agglomerates at the predetermined flue gas stream temperature.2. The sampling assembly in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said sensor measures a torque of said agitator.3. The sampling assembly in accordance with further comprising a motor configured to rotate said agitator claim 1 , wherein said sensor is coupled to said motor and said sensor measures a current of said motor.4. The sampling assembly in accordance with further comprising a sampling filter positioned within a flue gas duct claim 1 , said sampling filter configured to extract flue gas stream from said flue gas duct.5. The sampling assembly in accordance with further comprising a heat exchanger configured to extract heat from the flue gas stream entering said sampling assembly such that the flue gas stream is cooled to the ...

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Номер записи: 60
08-06-2017 дата публикации

Yttrium and magnesium based vanadium corrosion inhibitors

Номер: US20170158978A1
Автор: Abdurrahman Abdallah Khalidi, David Terry Trayhan, JR., Krishnamurthy Anand, Maher Aboujaib, Matthieu Paul Frederic Vierling, Pierre Olivier Montagne, Sundar Amancherla
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

A process based on the combined use of yttrium and magnesium to inhibit vanadium corrosion of high temperature parts of thermal equipment. The combined use of yttrium and magnesium, applied in a variable yttrium/magnesium ratio, compared with conventional magnesium inhibition, may reduce emission of magnesium vanadate and minimize losses of performance due to fouling of the high temperature parts, including in the presence of alkali metals. Further, compared with inhibition based on yttrium alone, it may reduce the inhibition cost and reinforce the protection against combined vanadium pentoxide and sodium sulfate corrosion.

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Номер записи: 61
23-05-2019 дата публикации

Boiler cleaning process, corresponding device and boiler

Номер: US20190154256A1
Автор: Frank Tabaries, Thomas FEILENREITER, Yann LABOREL
Принадлежит: Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA

Disclosed is a process for cleaning a boiler, wherein, while fumes are emitted in a combustion chamber of the boiler and circulate up to exchangers of the boiler, an aqueous solution of dissolved magnesium chloride and/or sulfate and/or dissolved calcium chloride is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of droplets which, by vaporization of the water of the aqueous solution, then thermal decomposition, are transformed in the combustion chamber into magnesium and/or calcium oxide particles reacting in the combustion chamber by mixing with molten salts and/or molten oxides, present in the fumes, to crystallize these molten salts and/or to vitrify these molten oxides before these molten salts and/or these molten oxides come into contact with the exchangers. Also disclosed is a device for implementing this process and a boiler equipped with this device.

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Номер записи: 62
04-09-2014 дата публикации

METHODS FOR REMOVAL OF MERCURY FROM FLUE GAS

Номер: US20140245936A1
Автор: HAYDEN Richard A., POLLACK Nicholas R.
Принадлежит: CALGON CARBON CORPORATION

Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions are provided herein. The methods, generally, include the steps of burning a heavy metal containing fuel source and introducing sorbent materials and introducing one or more halogen compounds into the combustion chamber and/or exhaust stream to remove the heavy metal. 1. A method for reducing heavy metal emissions comprising:burning a heavy metal containing fuel in a combustion chamber;introducing an about 40% to about 55% by weight aqueous solution of one or more halogen precursors into the combustion chamber; andintroducing a sorbent having a mean particle diameter of less than 15 μm into an exhaust stream resulting from burning of the heavy metal containing fuel in the combustion chamber.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent material is activated carbon.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more halogen precursors are selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite claim 1 , calcium hypobromite claim 1 , calcium hypoiodite claim 1 , calcium chloride claim 1 , calcium bromide claim 1 , calcium iodide claim 1 , magnesium chloride claim 1 , magnesium bromide claim 1 , magnesium iodide claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , sodium bromide claim 1 , sodium iodide claim 1 , ammonium chloride claim 1 , ammonium bromide claim 1 , ammonium iodide claim 1 , potassium tri-chloride claim 1 , potassium tri-bromide claim 1 , and potassium tri-iodide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more halogen precursor is selected from the group consisting of calcium bromide (CaBr2) claim 1 , ammonium bromide (NH4Br) claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent material is injected into the exhaust stream at a rate selected from the group consisting of less than about 5 pounds per million actual cubic (lbs/MMacf) claim 1 , less than about 4 lbs/MMacf claim 1 , less than about 3 claim 1 , lbs/MMacf claim 1 , and less than about 1 lbs/MMacf.6. The method of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 63
21-06-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM COAL-FIRED THERMAL PROCESSES

Номер: US20180169575A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Bisque Ramon, Durham Michael D., French Nina Bergan, Lagarenne Jon, Senior Connie, Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит: ADA-ES, INC.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions. 1. A method , comprising:providing a mercury-containing gas stream comprising vapor-phase mercury, a vapor-phase halogen, and particulates;introducing, into the mercury-containing gas stream, a reactive surface agent to collect at least most of the halogen and mercury, wherein the reactive surface agent is a particulate comprising one or more of clay and a carbon sorbent; andthereafter removing particulates from the mercury-containing gas stream to form a treated stream, at least a portion of the vapor-phase mercury being removed from the mercury-containing gas stream with removal of the particulates.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following is true:(i) the mercury-containing gas stream comprises about 3.5 ppmw or less vapor-phase iodine;(ii) in the mercury-containing gas stream, a molar ratio of vapor-phase iodine to vapor-phase mercury is no more than about 600;(iii) at an air preheater outlet, a concentration of vapor-phase iodine ranges from about 0.1 to about 10 ppmw;(iv) a concentration of the iodine is about 30 ppmw or less relative to a weight of a mercury-containing feed material producing the vapor-phase mercury.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein (i) is true claim 1 , and wherein the mercury-containing gas stream comprises about 1.5 ppmw or less vapor-phase iodine.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein (ii) is true claim 1 , and wherein the molar ratio is no more than about 250.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein (iii) is true claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the mercury-containing gas stream ranges from about 325 to about 450° C. and wherein the concentration of vapor-phase iodine at the air preheater outlet ranges from about 0.2 to about 2 ppmw claim 1 , and wherein the iodine is contacted with vapor-phase mercury upstream of the air preheater.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein (iv) is true claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 64
02-07-2015 дата публикации

COMBUSTION PROCESS FOR FUEL CONTAINING VANADIUM COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20150184853A1
Автор: Bassignano Alvise Achille, Di Salvia Grazia, Malavasi Massimo Pietro, Tedeschi Giampietro
Принадлежит:

Oxycombustion process wherein low ranking, gaseous, liquid, solid, optionally solid melting hydrocarbon fractions are used as fuels, having a vanadium content in an amount by weight from 50 to 5,000 ppm or higher, for producing energy, wherein magnesium is added as oxide, or as a water-soluble salt, the combustor being refractored and isotherm or quasi isotherm, flameless, working at temperatures comprised between 1,250° C. and 1,450° C. and under pressurized conditions, wherein the oxidant is oxygen, the oxidant being used in admixture with water or steam such that the ratio by moles oxidant:(water-steam) is comprised between about 1:0.4 and about 1:3 or the oxidant is used in admixture with flue gases recycled from the flue gases outletting the energy recovery equipments, wherein the water amount is higher than 30% by volume, optionally by adding water, the molar ratio oxidant:(water/steam) in flue gases being comprised from about 1:0.4 to about 1:3; the low ranking hydrocarbon fraction containing vanadium is fed in admixture with water or steam, such that the amount of water/steam in the mixture is at least 30% by weight with respect to the hydrocarbon fraction. 1. Oxycombustion process wherein low ranking , gaseous , liquid , solid , optionally solid melting hydrocarbon fractions used as fuels , having a vanadium content in an amount by weight from 50 to 5 ,000 ppm or higher , wherein magnesium is added as oxide , or as a magnesium compound forming MgO in the combustion process , the combustor being refractored and isotherm or quasi-isotherm , flameless , operating at temperatures in the range 1 ,250°-1 ,450° C. and under pressurized conditions , wherein the oxidant is oxygen the oxidant being used in admixture with water or steam such that the ratio by moles oxidant:(water-steam) is comprised between about 1:0.4 and about 1:3 or the oxidant is used in admixture with recycled flue gases , coming from the flue gases outletting the energy recovery equipments , ...

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Номер записи: 65
14-07-2016 дата публикации

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTING SULFUROUS FUEL IN A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER

Номер: US20160201903A1
Автор: Brand Tobias, Graf Rolf, Kuivalainen Reijo, Möbs Maria-Helena
Принадлежит:

Sulfurous fuel and CaCO-containing sorbent are combusted in a furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. A dry circulating fluidized bed scrubber includes a reactor with water and Ca(OH)feeds for converting SOin the exhaust gas to CaSOand CaSOand a dust separator in gas flow connection with the reactor. A discharge removes CaO-containing bottom ash from the furnace. A classifier classifies a portion of the removed CaO-containing bottom ash into coarse and finer portions. A fine ash channel conveys some of the finer bottom ash portion from the classifier to a grinder. A ground ash channel conveys some of the ground bottom ash portion from the grinder to a hydrator to hydrate CaO in the ash to Ca(OH). A hydrated ash channel conveys some of the Ca(OH)from the hydrator to the dry circulating fluidized bed scrubber as a sorbent. 1. A method of combusting sulfurous fuel in a circulating fluidized bed boiler , the method comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', '(a) feeding sulfurous fuel to a furnace of the boiler, combusting the fuel, and generating SO-containing exhaust gas;'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2', '4, '(b) feeding CaCO-containing sorbent to the furnace for converting the CaCOto CaO and utilizing a portion of the CaO in the furnace to convert a portion of the SOto CaSO;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '4, '(c) conveying the exhaust gas along an exhaust gas channel from the furnace to a dry circulating fluidized bed scrubber comprising a reactor having feeds for feeding water and Ca(OH)for converting SOin the exhaust gas to CaSOand CaSO, and a dust separator in gas flow connection with the reactor for separating particulate matter from the exhaust gas;'}(d) removing CaO-containing bottom ash from the furnace;(e) classifying at least a portion of the removed CaO-containing bottom ash into a coarse bottom ash portion and a finer bottom ash portion in a first stage classifier, wherein the coarse bottom ash portion consists of particles having a particle size larger than a first ...

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Номер записи: 66
13-07-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF COMBUSTING A SULFUR-CONTAINING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL WITH ASH TREATMENT

Номер: US20170198907A1
Автор: HUANG An-Ni, KUO Hsiu-Po
Принадлежит:

A method of combusting a sulfur-containing carbonaceous material with ash treatment includes: feeding a feed containing the sulfur-containing carbonaceous material and limestone into a furnace; combusting the feed in the furnace so as to generate preliminary fly and bottom ashes; hydrating the preliminary fly and bottom ashes to form a hydrated material; recycling the hydrated materials into the furnace so as to generate secondary fly and bottom ashes; and reacting the secondary fly and bottom ashes with a sulfuric acid solution. 1. A method of combusting a sulfur-containing carbonaceous material with ash treatment , comprising:feeding a feed containing the sulfur-containing carbonaceous material and limestone into a furnace;combusting the feed in the furnace so as to generate a gaseous product and preliminary fly and bottom ashes;hydrating at least a portion of the preliminary fly and bottom ashes to form a hydrated material;recycling the hydrated materials into the furnace so as to generate the gaseous product and secondary fly and bottom ashes; andreacting the secondary fly and bottom ashes with a sulfuric acid solution.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction of the secondary fly and bottom ashes with the sulfuric acid solution is conducted at a reaction temperature ranging from 50° C. to 80° C. to form a reaction intermediate.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising cooling the reaction intermediate to a crystallization temperature ranging from 15° C. to 35° C.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reaction intermediate has a pH value ranging from 2.0 to 3.0.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-containing carbonaceous material is petroleum coke or coal. This disclosure relates to a method of combusting a sulfur-containing carbonaceous material with ash treatment, more particularly to a method of combusting a sulfur-containing carbonaceous material and reacting secondary fly and bottom ashes with a sulfuric acid solution.A circulating ...

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Номер записи: 67
09-10-2014 дата публикации

REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND FOULING WHEN BURNING COAL

Номер: US20140299028A1
Автор: Abbott Murray, Batanian Sally, Kotch George M.
Принадлежит:

Powder components containing calcium, alumina, silica, iron, magnesium, and a halogen sorbent are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame. The alkalinity and chlorine of the powder is minimized in order to mitigate unwanted fouling, especially when used with sub-bituminous and lignite coals. 1. A method of burning coal in a furnace to reduce emissions of NOand at least one of SOand mercury , the method comprising burning a refined coal in the furnace , wherein the refined coal comprises an admixture of sub-bituminous coal or lignite coal , bromine compound , and a powder sorbent , and{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the powder sorbent comprises calcium, silica, alumina, and further comprises less than 1% by weight NaO and less than 1% by KO, based on the weight of the powder sorbent.'}2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the powder sorbent comprises less than 0.5% NaO and less than 0.5% KO.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the coal is Powder River Basin coal.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the refined coal comprises 0.001 to 1.0% by weight bromine compound and 0.1 to 10% by powder sorbent.5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the refined coal comprises 0.002 to 1.0% by weight of the bromine compound and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of the powder sorbent.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the powder sorbent comprises cement kiln dust (CKD).7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the powder sorbent comprises grind outs claim 6 , CKD and one or more of kiln feed claim 6 , transition cement claim 6 , weathered clinker claim 6 , impound CKD claim 6 , and limestone.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the powder sorbent comprises greater than 40% CaO claim 1 , greater than 10% SiO claim 1 , 2 to 10% AlO claim 1 , 1 to 5% FeO claim 1 , and 1 to 5% MgO claim 1 , wherein the percentages are by ...

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Номер записи: 68
26-07-2018 дата публикации

LOW SULFUR COAL ADDITIVE FOR IMPROVED FURNACE OPERATION

Номер: US20180208865A1
Автор: Comer John Philip, Johnson Stephen Allen, Wurster John
Принадлежит:

The present invention is directed to additives for coal-fired furnaces, particularly furnaces using a layer of slag to capture coal particles for combustion. The additive(s) include iron, mineralizer(s), handling aid(s), flow aid(s), and/or abrasive material(s). The iron and mineralizers can lower the melting temperature of ash in low-iron, high alkali coals, leading to improved furnace performance. 1. A method of operating a solid fuel fired boiler , comprising:introducing a solid fuel into the boiler, wherein the solid fuel is a low sulfur Western coal;introducing an iron-containing material into the boiler, wherein the iron-containing material is at least one of mill scale from steel production and dust from blast furnace gas cleaning equipment; andat least partially combusting the solid fuel to produce an ash slag, wherein, in the at least partially combusting step, at least one of the following is true:(i) the ash slag has a fluid temperature less than a fluid temperature characteristic of the ash slag produced from combustion of the solid fuel alone; and(ii) the ash slag has a melting point less than the melting point of a second ash slag produced from the combustion of the solid fuel alone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low sulfur Western coal is a Powder River Basin coal and wherein the ash slag has a viscosity during the at least partially combusting step that is less than the viscosity of the second ash slag produced from combustion of the solid fuel alone.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low sulfur Western coal has a sulfur content of less than about 1.5 wt. % (dry basis of the coal) and wherein the ash slag has a melting point during the at least partially combusting step that is less than the melting point of the second ash slag produced from combustion of the solid fuel alone.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the iron-containing material fluxes the ash slag to produce a second ash slag having at least one ...

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Номер записи: 69
25-06-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PNEUMATICALLY CONVEYING A POWDERY MATERIAL

Номер: US20200200385A1
Автор: Baquet Hugues, Filippelli Gregory M., Fitzgerald Howard Braxton, Heiszwolf Johan, Letouzey Joel, Lyons David, Metz Chad Timothy
Принадлежит:

Process and device for pneumatically conveying a powdery material comprising the steps of 113-. (canceled)14: Process for improving capture of polluting compounds from flue gases comprising the steps of:burning fuel and/or a material to be burned or heating a material to be heated or melted, producing flue gases in a recipient zone,{'b': '1', 'pneumatically conveying a powdery sorbent provided for capturing said polluting compounds according to the process of claim , said recipient zone being a flue gas duct,'}capturing polluting compounds by said powdery sorbent inside said flue gas duct thereby depleting the flue gas from polluting compounds.15: Process for improving capture of polluting compounds from flue gases according to claim 14 , wherein a fluctuation step of operating conditions of said buning step of fuel and/or said material to be burned or to be heated or to be melted generates a first signal and/or the fluctuation step of the pressure drop inside said first conveying pipeline claim 14 , said process further comprising an adjusting step of said amount of powdery sorbent in response to said first signal and/or to said fluctuation step of the pressure drop inside said first conveying pipeline.16: Process for improving capture of polluting compounds from flue gases according to claim 15 , wherein said first signal is such as wind speed of environment at the outlet of the chimney claim 15 , atmospheric pressure of environment at the outlet of the chimney or outside said flue gas duct claim 15 , temperature of the flue gas claim 15 , nature of the fuel claim 15 , sulfur content of the fuel claim 15 , sulfur content of the flue gas claim 15 , chloride content of the flue gas claim 15 , mercury content of the flue gas claim 15 , chloride content of material to be burned or heated or melted claim 15 , sulfur content of material to be burned or heated or melted claim 15 , mercury content of material to be burned or heated or melted claim 15 , and their ...

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Номер записи: 70
05-08-2021 дата публикации

Sorbents for coal combustion

Номер: US20210239318A1
Автор: Douglas C. Comrie
Принадлежит: Nox II Ltd

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

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Номер записи: 71
04-08-2016 дата публикации

Cement kiln fuel treatment

Номер: US20160221872A1
Автор: Christopher Poling, Peter D'amico, Thomas Lesniak
Принадлежит: Scb International Materials Inc

A method of treating cement kiln fuel includes introducing an additive to a fuel component to form a fuel mixture. The fuel component includes a sulfur-generating combustible fuel and the additive includes a micronized lime component. The method further includes combusting the fuel component within a cement kiln. The sulfur generated by the combustion of the combustible fuel forms calcium-containing sulfur compounds with lime provided by the micronized lime component. The calcium-containing sulfur compounds fall to a bed of clinker forming beneath the flame and some portion thereof may become resident in the clinker.

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Номер записи: 72
03-08-2017 дата публикации

Hot-side method and system

Номер: US20170216772A1
Автор: Kenneth E. Baldrey, Michael D. Durham, Sharon Sjostrom
Принадлежит: ADA ES Inc

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.

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Номер записи: 73
23-10-2014 дата публикации

Methods of operating a gas turbine to inhibit vanadium corrosion

Номер: US20140315136A1
Автор: Michel Marie Raymond Moliere
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

A method of inhibiting vanadic corrosion of a hot part of a gas turbine system is provided. The method includes introducing, in the combustor, a first oxide comprising magnesium oxide (MgO) and at least one second oxide from among Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and SiO 2 . A ratio “m” of a number of moles of MgO to a number of moles of V 2 O 5 and a ratio “a” of a total number of moles of the at least one second oxide to the number of moles of V 2 O 5 satisfy two conditions based on a firing temperature of the expansion turbine, an average density of one or more double oxides formed by a reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide, and an average Knoop hardness of the one or more double oxides formed by the reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide.

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Номер записи: 74
09-08-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND ADDITIVE FOR CONTROLLING NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS

Номер: US20180223206A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Bisque Ramon, Morris William J., Senior Constance
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion. 1. A method for reducing NOemissions in a pulverized coal boiler system , comprising:contacting a feed material with an additive mixture comprising an additive and a thermal stability agent to form an additive-containing feed material, wherein the additive, in the absence of the thermal stability agent, is unstable when the feed material is combusted; andcombusting the additive-containing feed material to produce a contaminated gas stream comprising a contaminant produced by combustion of the feed material and the additive or a derivative thereof, wherein the additive or a derivative thereof removes or causes removal of the contaminant.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is one or more of an acid gas claim 1 , mercury claim 1 , and carbon oxide claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises one or more of a halogen claim 1 , halide claim 1 , nitrogenous material claim 1 , and activated carbon claim 1 , and wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , and ash.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material and wherein the nitrogenous material is one or more of ammonia claim 2 , an amine claim 2 , an amide claim 2 , cyanuric acid claim 2 , and urea.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the additive further comprises one or more of a stabilizing agent claim 3 , dispersant claim 3 , and binder.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , metal hydrate claim 1 , and metal nitride.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises a porous substrate for supporting the additive and wherein the substrate is one or more of a ...

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Номер записи: 75
09-08-2018 дата публикации

SORBENTS FOR COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20180224121A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит:

Sorbent compositions containing halogen and either nitrates or nitrites are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method for reducing emissions of mercury that arise from combustion of mercury-containing fuels , comprising applying a mercury sorbent directly onto the fuel before combustion or directly into a gaseous stream after combustion where the temperature is 1500° F. to 2700° F. , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises a halogen compound and at least one of a nitrate compound and a nitrite compound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises a nitrite compound and a nitrate compound.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen compound comprises a bromine compound.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen compound comprises an iodine compound.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises a source of calcium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises calcium bromide claim 1 , calcium iodide claim 1 , calcium nitrate claim 1 , or calcium nitrite.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a calcium containing sulfur sorbent directly onto the fuel before combustion or directly into a gaseous stream after combustion where the temperature is 1500° F. to 2700° F.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the sulfur sorbent comprises calcium oxide claim 7 , calcium hydroxide claim 7 , calcium carbonate claim 7 , calcium bicarbonate claim 7 , calcium nitrate claim 7 , calcium nitrite claim 7 , calcium acetate claim 7 , calcium citrate claim 7 , calcium phosphate claim 7 , calcium hydrogen phosphate claim 7 , apatite claim 7 , calcium alkoxylates claim 7 , or organocalcium compounds.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the sulfur sorbent comprises cement kiln dust claim 7 , lime kiln dust claim 7 , or portland cement.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the sulfur sorbent ...

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Номер записи: 76
30-10-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR OPERATING A COAL-FIRED FURNACE WITH REDUCED SLAG FORMATION

Номер: US20140318428A1
Автор: Pastore Mark R.
Принадлежит:

There is provided a process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat. The process has the steps of a) providing the coal to the furnace and b) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace. The first slag-reducing ingredient and the second slag-reducing ingredient are different substances. The first slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, and combinations thereof. The second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate, copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and ammonium phosphate. There is also provided a method for reducing slag formation in a coal-fired furnace. 1. A process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat , comprising:a) providing the coal to the furnace; andb) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace,wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, and combinations thereof, and wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate, copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium phosphate, and combinations thereof.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient is magnesium hydroxide.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate claim 1 , copper nitrate claim 1 , and a combination thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slag-reducing ingredients are added to the coal at up to about 2000 ppm by ...

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Номер записи: 77
18-08-2016 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUS TO INCREASE INDUSTRIAL COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY

Номер: US20160238244A1
Автор: Radway Jerrold, RIEDER Erhard, Schröter Martin
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatus to improve industrial combustion efficiency are disclosed. One disclosed example method includes providing sorbent to one or more of a combustion chamber or to flue gas exiting the combustion chamber after a combustion process. The disclosed example method also includes providing the flue gas to a hot gas filter after the flue gas exits the combustion chamber. 1. A method comprising:providing sorbent to one or more of a combustion chamber or to flue gas exiting the combustion chamber after a combustion process; andproviding the flue gas to a hot gas filter after the flue gas exits the combustion chamber.2. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising cooling the flue gas to a temperature below at least a highest dew point of a vaporized components after the flue gas exits the hot gas filter to form a condensate.3. The method as defined in claim 2 , further comprising providing the condensate to a boiler feed or a boiler feed water processing system.4. The method as defined in claim 2 , wherein heat released from condensing the condensate is provided to the combustion chamber or transferred to other parts of a steam cycle.5. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the flue gas is provided with a dry sorbent prior to being provided to the hot gas filter.6. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising activation of an ash removal device or an ash removal mechanism claim 1 , or back-pulsing on at least a subset of filter elements of the hot gas filter to remove cake formed on the hot gas filter to provide further control of residence time of the sorbent.7. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the sorbent is provided to the combustion chamber and further comprising adjusting an amount of the sorbent to be provided to the combustion chamber.8. The method as defined in claim 7 , wherein the amount of the sorbent to be provided to the combustion chamber is based on a flow rate of fuel into the combustion chamber.9. The method ...

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Номер записи: 78
13-11-2014 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM COAL-FIRED THERMAL PROCESSES

Номер: US20140331905A1
Автор: Lagarenne Jon, Senior Connie, Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит: ADA-ES, INC.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions. 167-. (canceled)68. A method , comprising:contacting a chemical agent with a scrubber treating a mercury-containing gas stream, wherein the chemical agent comprises a halogen and wherein the halogen comprises iodine; andremoving, by the scrubber, at least part of the chemical agent from the gas stream.69. The method of claim 68 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and wherein the chemical agent is soluble in a scrubbing solution of the wet scrubber.70. The method of claim 68 , wherein a total dissolved mercury concentration in the scrubbing solution is relatively low and wherein no more than about 20% of the mercury in the mercury-containing gas stream is dissolved in the scrubbing solution.71. The method of claim 68 , wherein the chemical agent is introduced directly into the scrubber.72. The method of claim 68 , wherein the chemical agent is introduced into the gas stream upstream of an air preheater and the scrubber.73. The method of wherein the scrubber is upstream of a particulate control device and wherein the particulate control device is a electrostatic precipitator and/or baghouse.74. The method of claim 68 , wherein the chemical agent is carried by or part of a reactive surface agent.75. The method of claim 68 , wherein the chemical agent is a mercury active agent.76. The method of claim 75 , wherein the mercury active agent is one or more of zinc or potassium bromide claim 75 , calcium claim 75 , sodium or potassium romated claim 75 , iodide salts including sodium claim 75 , calcium claim 75 , magnesium claim 75 , zinc or potassium iodide claim 75 , calcium claim 75 , sodium or potassium iodate claim 75 , diatomic bromine claim 75 , diatomic elemental halogens claim 75 , hydrogen bromide claim 75 , and other bromine-containing compounds.77. The method of claim 74 , wherein the surface reactive agent is one or more of a zeolite ...

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Номер записи: 79
24-08-2017 дата публикации

CONTROL OF COMBUSTION SYSTEM EMISSIONS

Номер: US20170241641A1
Автор: Radway Jerrold E., Smith James
Принадлежит:

A process for capturing undesirable combustion products produced in a high temperature combustion system in which a carbonaceous fuel is utilized. Very finely sized particles of alkaline earth carbonates or hydroxides, with or without added ground ash, are provided in slurry form, are dried and milled to provide unagglomerated, sub-micron-sized particles that are injected along with pulverized coal and an oxidizing agent into the high temperature combustion zone of a furnace. The particles capture and neutralize the gases that result in condensable acids, including SO, NO, HCL, and HF, as well as capturing toxic metals that are present in the combustion products, they mitigate ash fouling and slagging, and they facilitate economic heat exchange that permits fuel savings and recovery of water for use in other processes. 1{'sub': x', 'x', '2, 'introducing a carbonaceous fuel and air into a furnace to provide a combustible fuel/air mixture and combusting the fuel/air mixture at a furnace combustion region to provide combustion products in the form of flue gases containing pollutant compounds including SO, NO, Hg, As, and CO, wherein the temperature within the furnace combustion region is from about 2500° F. to about 3000° F.;'}introducing into the furnace combustion region an alkaline-earth-metal-containing reagent to expose the reagent to the furnace combustion region temperature to thereby calcine the reagent within the furnace combustion region into a plurality of alkaline-earth-metal oxide particles to provide a scavenging agent in particulate form for scavenging combustion product components, wherein the alkaline-earth-metal oxide particles are in the form of a plurality of discrete, substantially non-agglomerated alkaline-earth-metal oxide particles having a particle size of less than about 3 microns;introducing into the furnace combustion region an oxidizing agent;{'sub': x', 'x, 'contacting the alkaline-earth-metal oxide particles with the combustion products ...

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Номер записи: 80
30-07-2020 дата публикации

SORBENTS FOR COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20200240632A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx II, Ltd.

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method for reducing mercury and sulfur released into the atmosphere from burning coal , comprising:adding a mercury sorbent comprising a halogen and a sulfur sorbent comprising calcium to coal prior to combustion;delivering the coal into a furnace;combusting the coal in the furnace to produce ash and flue gas;removing ash from the flue gas by capturing the ash in a particulate removal system disposed in a convective pathway downstream of the furnace, wherein the captured ash comprises oxidized mercury formed in the furnace or in the convective pathway downstream of the furnace; andmeasuring at least one of a level of sulfur gases in the flue gas or a level of mercury gases in the flue gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the captured ash contains about 90% or more by weight of the mercury present in the coal prior to the combusting to prevent its release into the environment.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent is applied onto the coal at a coal producer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the mercury sorbent is at about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of mercury sorbent based on an amount of coal being consumed.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the mercury sorbent is at about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of mercury sorbent based on an amount of coal being consumed.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the sulfur sorbent is at about 1 to 9% by weight of sulfur sorbent based on an amount of coal being consumed.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent is an aqueous solution of calcium bromide.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises a bromine compound or an iodine compound.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury sorbent comprises an organic bromine ...

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Номер записи: 81
14-09-2017 дата публикации

STOKER-TYPE INCINERATOR

Номер: US20170261206A1
Автор: MAWATARI Masayuki, NAMERISAWA Kouji, SAWAMOTO Yoshimasa
Принадлежит:

A stoker-type incinerator includes: a recirculated exhaust gas supply unit which allows exhaust gas resulting from treating combustion gas to reflux to a combustion gas channel via a recirculated exhaust gas nozzle provided on the combustion gas channel and supplies the exhaust gas as recirculated exhaust gas. The stoker-type incinerator further includes a secondary combustion air supply unit which supplies secondary combustion air on a downstream side of the recirculated exhaust gas nozzle on the combustion gas channel via a secondary combustion air nozzle provided on the combustion gas channel, in which the recirculated exhaust gas nozzle and the secondary combustion air nozzle are arranged in different positions in a plan view.

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Номер записи: 82
06-08-2020 дата публикации

REDUCING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM THE BURNING OF COAL BY REMOTE SORBENT ADDITION

Номер: US20200248902A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx II, Ltd.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components 1. A method of preparing coal for a coal burning facility to reduce emissions of mercury or other harmful components arising from combustion of coal in a furnace of the facility , comprising:transporting a treated coal having an applied sorbent composition comprising a halogen to the coal burning facility, wherein the treated coal is delivered to and combusted in the furnace to make energy, combustion gas, and ash, wherein the treated coal reduces an amount of mercury in the combustion gas as compared to mercury present in a combustion gas when coal is combusted without the applied sorbent composition.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transporting is via a rail car.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein prior to the transporting claim 1 , the applied sorbent composition is applied to the coal on a belt or conveyor.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein prior to the transporting claim 1 , the applied sorbent composition is applied to the coal prior to or during processing in a crusher.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein prior to the transporting claim 1 , processing the coal in a pug mill claim 1 , wherein the applied sorbent composition is applied to the coal prior to or during the processing the coal in the pug mill.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the applied sorbent composition is applied to the coal as a liquid comprising calcium bromide.7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising measuring a concentration of mercury in the combustion ...

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Номер записи: 83
12-10-2017 дата публикации

SORBENTS FOR COAL COMBUSTION

Номер: US20170292700A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит:

Sorbent compositions containing iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury. 1. A method for burning coal in a furnace to reduce emissions of mercury from a coal burning facility , the method comprising:adding a mercury sorbent composition onto the coal upstream of the furnace, into the flue gases in a plant section of the facility downstream of the furnace, or in a combination of upstream and downstream additions;adding a sulfur sorbent composition onto the coal upstream of the furnace, into the flue gases in a plant section of the facility downstream of the furnace, or in a combination of upstream and downstream additions;combusting the coal in the furnace;measuring the level of mercury present in the flue downstream from the addition of sorbent compositions; andif the measured mercury level is above a target level, increasing a rate of addition of the mercury sorbent composition; orif the measured mercury level is below a target level, decreasing a rate of addition of at least one of the components or leaving the rate of addition unchanged, wherein the mercury sorbent composition comprises a halogen compound and the sulfur sorbent composition comprises silica and alumina.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur sorbent composition comprises more than 2% by weight silica and greater than 2% by weight alumina.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur sorbent composition comprises an aluminosilicate clay.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aluminosilicate clay is montmorillonite or kaolin.5. The method of comprising adding the sulfur sorbent downstream of the furnace in a region having a temperature of 1500-2700° F.6. The method of comprising adding the mercury sorbent downstream of the furnace in a region having a temperature of 1500-2700° F.7. The method of wherein the mercury sorbent composition comprises an iodine compound ...

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Номер записи: 84
24-09-2020 дата публикации

HYBRID BOILER-DRYER AND METHOD

Номер: US20200299600A1
Автор: Edberg Carl, Unker Steven, VITSE FREDERIC
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

A method for reducing the emission of contaminants by a furnace is provided. The method includes forming a bed from a stream of fuel within the furnace; fluidizing the bed with flue gas from the furnace; and heating the fuel within the bed so as to generate char, ash and contaminants. The method further includes capturing the contaminants via the ash. 1. A method for reducing the emission of contaminants by a furnace , the method comprising:forming a bed from a stream of fuel within the furnace;fluidizing the bed with flue gas from the furnace;heating the fuel within the bed so as to generate char, ash and contaminants; andcapturing the contaminants via the ash.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminants are NOx claim 1 , SOx claim 1 , one or more alkalis claim 1 , and/or one or more alkaline earth elements.3. The method of further comprising:adjusting at least one property of the bed.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one property is:a flow rate of the flue gas across the bed;an oxygen concentration of the flue gas within the bed;a temperature of the flue gas within the bed;a height of the bed;a chemical composition of the bed; and/ora residence time of the bed.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one property is a flow rate of the flue gas across the bed and is adjusted to be within the range of about 0.05 ft/s to about 5 ft/s.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one property is a temperature of the flue gas within the bed and is adjusted to be within about 70° F. to about 600° F.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one property is a height of the bed and is adjusted to be between about 3 ft to about 60 ft.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one property is a residence time of the bed and is adjusted to be between about 1 s to about 2 hrs.9. The method of further comprising:separating the char from the ash via a carbon separator.10. A furnace comprising:a grate operative to form a bed from a stream ...

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Номер записи: 85
03-11-2016 дата публикации

PRESSURIZED OXYCOMBUSTION PROCESS

Номер: US20160320056A1
Автор: Di Salvia Grazia, Malavasi Massimo
Принадлежит:

Oxycombustion process wherein a combustor is fed with a fuel, a comburent and compounds under the form of coherent aggregates having Young modulus ≧10MPa, the combustor being isothermal and flameless. 1. Oxycombustion process wherein a combustor is fed with , a fuel , a comburent and compounds under the form of coherent aggregates having the following features: Young modulus ≧10MPa , sizes higher than 75 μm for at least 60% by weight of the granulometric distribution , the aggregates having the above properties when they are introduced into the combustor , the amount of aggregates on the fuel ashes ranging from in % by weight up to at most 1:1 by weight , the combustor being isothermal and flameless.2. Oxycombustion process according to wherein the combustor is operated at temperatures in the range 1 claim 1 ,400K-2 claim 1 ,200K.3. Oxycombustion process according to wherein the combustor is operated under a pressure ranging from 103 kPa to 6 claim 1 ,000 kPa.4. Oxycombustion process according to wherein the comburent is oxygen used in admixture with water or steam or in admixtures with recycle fumes.5. Oxycombustion process according to wherein the ratio by moles oxygen:(water/steam) is comprised between 1:0.4 and 1:3.6. Oxycombustion process according to wherein in the recycling fumes used in admixture with oxygen the amount of water/steam is higher than 30% by volume claim 4 , the molar ratio oxygen: (water/steam) is comprised between 1:0.4 and 1:3.7. Oxycombustion process according to wherein the fuel is mixed with water/steam claim 1 , the water/steam amount in the mixture being in percent with respect to the weight of the fuel of at least 30% and not higher than 90%.8. Oxycombustion process according to wherein the fuels are liquid claim 1 , solid claim 1 , gaseous fuels and are selected among hydrocarbon solids claim 1 , brought to melting/liquefaction by heating claim 1 , and fed as viscous liquids claim 1 , biomasses claim 1 , animal flours claim 1 , coal ...

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Номер записи: 86
01-11-2018 дата публикации

Controlling Slagging and/or Fouling in Furnaces Burning Biomass

Номер: US20180312773A1
Автор: Saratovsky Ian, Smyrniotis Christopher R.
Принадлежит: FUEL TECH, INC.

The description relates to controlling slagging and/or fouling in biomass burning furnaces. Combustion of such a biomass the fuel with air produces combustion gases containing sodium and/or potassium compositions, and the combustion gases are treated by contacting the combustion gases with kaolin and aluminum hydroxide. At least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide can be introduced with the fuel, in a combustion chamber, with reburn fuel or with overfire air. For fuels also high in zinc and/or heavy metals, magnesium hydroxide is introduced into the combustion chamber or following heat exchangers. 1. A process for controlling slagging and/or fouling in biomass burning combustors , comprising:a. combusting the fuel comprising biomass with air to produce combustion gases containing sodium and/or potassium compositions; andb. contacting the combustion gases with kaolin and aluminum hydroxide.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the introduction is into the combustor at a temperature within the range of from 1500 to 300° C.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced with the fuel.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced through ports in a combustion chamber where the fuel is combusted.5. A process according to any of - claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced into the combustion chamber as an aqueous slurry.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein biomass fuel is introduced as a reburn fuel and at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced with the fuel.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced with overfire air.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel is high in zinc and/or heavy metals and magnesium hydroxide is introduced into the combustion chamber or following heat exchangers. The ...

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Номер записи: 87
10-11-2016 дата публикации

REDUCING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM THE BURNING OF COAL

Номер: US20160327265A1
Автор: Comrie Douglas C.
Принадлежит: NOx II, Ltd.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components 1. A method for preventing release of mercury into the atmosphere from combustion of coal , comprising delivering coal into a furnace at a coal feed , combusting the coal in the furnace , and adding sorbent components into the furnace during combustion , wherein the components comprise iodine , silica , and alumina.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent components are added in the furnace at a location above the coal feed.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the components comprise an alkali metal iodide.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the components comprise an aluminosilicate clay.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the components further comprise an aluminosilicate material.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the aluminosilicate material is selected from kaolin claim 5 , metakaolin claim 5 , and montmorillonite.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the aluminosilicate material comprises kaolin.8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the aluminosilicate material comprises metakaolin.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the furnace has overfire air ports twenty feet or higher above the coal feed claim 1 , and the sorbent components are added above the overfire air ports.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the components comprise an alkali metal iodide.11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the components comprise an aluminosilicate clay.12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the components further ...

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Номер записи: 88
09-11-2017 дата публикации

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM AMIDE AND/OR ESTER SALTS

Номер: US20170321137A1
Автор: Bush James H., Moreton David J., Ray James C., Stevenson Paul R.
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels. 2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a protic solvent is present during the reaction of (a) and (b).3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the protic solvent comprises a linear or branched alcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein (a) the non-quaternized detergent comprises the product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with the acylating agent and further having at least one tertiary amino group.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with the acylating agent comprises 1-aminopiperidine claim 4 , 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine claim 4 , 1-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline claim 4 , 1-methyl-(4-methylamino)piperidine claim 4 , 4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)piperidine claim 4 , 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine claim 4 , 2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-diethylethylenediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-dimethylethylenediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-dibutylethylenediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-dimethyl-1 claim 4 ,3-diaminopropane claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-diethyl-1 claim 4 ,3-diaminopropane claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-dibutyl-1 claim 4 ,3-diaminopropane claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N claim 4 ,N′-trimethylethylenediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-dimethyl-N′-ethylethylenediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N-diethyl-N′-methylethylenediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N claim 4 ,N′-triethylethylenediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N claim 4 ,N′-trimethyl-1 claim 4 ,3-propanediamine claim 4 , N claim 4 ,N claim 4 ,2 claim 4 ,2-tetramethyl-1 claim 4 ,3- ...

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Номер записи: 89
15-11-2018 дата публикации

Controlling Slagging and/or Fouling in Furnaces Burning Biomass

Номер: US20180327683A1
Автор: Saratovsky Ian, Smyrniotis Christopher R.
Принадлежит: FUEL TECH, INC.

The description relates to controlling slagging and/or fouling in biomass burning furnaces. Combustion of such a biomass the fuel with air produces combustion gases containing sodium and/or potassium compositions, and the combustion gases are treated by contacting the combustion gases with kaolin and aluminum hydroxide. At least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide can be introduced with the fuel, in a combustion chamber, with reburn fuel or with overfire air. For fuels also high in zinc and/or heavy metals, magnesium hydroxide is introduced into the combustion chamber or following heat exchangers. 1. A process for controlling slagging and/or fouling in biomass burning combustors , comprising:a. combusting the fuel comprising biomass with air to produce combustion gases containing sodium and/or potassium compositions; andb. contacting the combustion gases with kaolin and aluminum hydroxide.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the introduction is into the combustor at a temperature within the range of from 1500 to 300° C.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced with the fuel.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced through ports in a combustion chamber where the fuel is combusted.5. A process according to any of - claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced into the combustion chamber as an aqueous slurry.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein biomass fuel is introduced as a reburn fuel and at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced with the fuel.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide are introduced with overfire air.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel is high in zinc and/or heavy metals and magnesium hydroxide is introduced into the combustion chamber or following heat exchangers. The ...

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Номер записи: 90
24-10-2019 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM COAL-FIRED THERMAL PROCESSES

Номер: US20190321778A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Bisque Ramon, Durham Michael D., French Nina Bergan, Lagarenne Jon, Senior Connie, Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит: ADA-ES, INC.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions. 1. A method , comprising:selecting a mercury-containing feed material natively including mercury and halogen, the halogen comprising one or more of bromine and iodine;contacting the mercury-containing feed material with a halogen-containing additive to form a treated feed material, the halogen-containing additive comprising one or more of bromine and iodine, wherein the one or more of bromine and iodine concentration of the treated feed material relative to a weight of the feed material is about 30 ppmw or less;generating, from the treated feed material, a mercury-containing gas stream comprising vapor-phase mercury and vapor-phase halogen derived from the one or more of bromine and iodine; andremoving 50% or more of the mercury from the gas stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more of bromine and iodine comprises bromine and wherein the mercury-containing feed material has from about 0.003 to about 100 ppmw mercury.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more of bromine and iodine comprises iodine claim 1 , wherein the halogen-containing additive facilitates the vapor-phase mercury to be removed from the mercury-containing gas stream claim 1 , and wherein the mercury-containing feed material natively comprises no more than about 5 ppmw halogen.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury-containing feed material natively has one of:(i) no more than about 5 ppmw iodine;(ii) no more than about 4 ppmw iodine;(iii) no more than about 3 ppmw iodine(iv) no more than about 2 ppmw iodine; or(v) no more than about 1 ppmw iodine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury-containing feed material comprises a high alkali claim 1 , high iron claim 1 , and/or high sulfur coal.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen-containing additive comprises iodine and/or bromine.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen- ...

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Номер записи: 91
22-10-2020 дата публикации

METHOD AND ADDITIVE FOR CONTROLLING NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS

Номер: US20200332213A1
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Bisque Ramon, Morris William J., Senior Constance
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion. 1. A method for reducing NOemissions in a pulverized coal boiler system , comprising:contacting a feed material with an additive mixture comprising an additive and a thermal stability agent to form an additive-containing feed material, wherein the additive, in the absence of the thermal stability agent, is unstable when the feed material is combusted; andcombusting the additive-containing feed material to produce a contaminated gas stream comprising a contaminant produced by combustion of the feed material and the additive or a derivative thereof, wherein the additive or a derivative thereof removes or causes removal of the contaminant.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is one or more of an acid gas claim 1 , mercury claim 1 , and carbon oxide claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises one or more of a halogen claim 1 , halide claim 1 , nitrogenous material claim 1 , and activated carbon claim 1 , and wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , and ash.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material and wherein the nitrogenous material is one or more of ammonia claim 2 , an amine claim 2 , an amide claim 2 , cyanuric acid claim 2 , and urea.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the additive further comprises one or more of a stabilizing agent claim 3 , dispersant claim 3 , and binder.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , metal hydrate claim 1 , and metal nitride.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises a porous substrate for supporting the additive and wherein the substrate is one or more of a ...

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Номер записи: 92
22-10-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MERCURY FROM COAL-FIRED BOILERS

Номер: US20200332214A1
Автор: Bustard Cynthia Jean, Durham Michael D., Filippelli Gregory M., Morris William J., Senior Constance, Sjostrom Sharon M.
Принадлежит:

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury. 1. A method of forming a treated combustion feed material comprising:providing a combustion feed material comprising coal; andcontacting the feed material with an additive to form a treated combustion feed material, wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted and a halogen containing material that forms a gas-phase halogen when combusted.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a Psize ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate claim 1 , the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , a porous metal silicate material claim 1 , a clay claim 1 , an activated carbon claim 1 , char claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , flyash claim 1 , a metal claim 1 , and a metal oxide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises urea.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a halogen in the halogen-containing material is one or more of iodine and bromine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material is encapsulated with a coating comprising one or more of a silane claim 1 , siloxane claim 1 , organosilanes claim 1 , amorphous silia to impede thermal degradation and/or decomposition of the nitrogenous material.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the additive with the remainder being the coal and wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises a mass ratio of nitrogen: ...

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Номер записи: 93
17-12-2015 дата публикации

METHODS FOR OPERATING A FURNACE

Номер: US20150362186A1
Автор: Landon Thomas, LEACH BILLIE
Принадлежит:

A method for combusting fuel in the presence of an alkali-containing material may include introducing fuel into a furnace configured to combust the fuel. The method may also include introducing ball clay having a moisture content of at least about 5% by weight into the furnace, and heating at least a portion of the fuel and ball clay, such that at least a portion of the ball clay is at least partially calcined, and the at least partially calcined ball clay adsorbs at least a portion of alkali present in the furnace. 167-. (canceled)68. A method for combusting fuel in the presence of an alkali-containing material , the method comprising:introducing fuel into a furnace configured to combust the fuel;introducing ball clay having a moisture content of at least about 5% by weight into the furnace; andheating at least a portion of the fuel and ball clay, such that at least a portion of the ball clay is at least partially calcined and the at least partially calcined ball clay adsorbs at least a portion of alkali present in the furnace.69. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay has a moisture content ranging from about 5% by weight to about 15% by weight.70. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay has a moisture content ranging from about 8% by weight to about 12% by weight.71. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay comprises lump clay.72. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay comprises clay that has been at least one of shredded and crushed.73. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay comprises non-beneficiated ball clay.74. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay comprises kaolinite.75. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay has a BET surface area of at least about 9 m/g.76. The method of claim 68 , wherein the ball clay has a BET surface area of at least about 15 m/g.77. The method of claim 68 , wherein ball clay comprises clay derived from crude clay having a moisture content of at least about 15%.78. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 94
21-12-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM COAL-FIRED THERMAL PROCESSES

Номер: US20170361272A9
Автор: Baldrey Kenneth E., Bisque Ramon, Durham Michael D., French Nina Bergan, Lagarenne Jon, Senior Connie, Sjostrom Sharon
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions. 1. A method , comprising:providing a mercury-containing gas stream comprising vapor-phase mercury, a vapor-phase iodine, and particulates;passing the mercury-containing gas stream through a selective catalytic reduction zone; andthereafter removing particulates from the mercury-containing gas stream to form a treated stream, at least a portion of the vapor-phase mercury being removed from the mercury-containing gas stream with removal of the particulates, wherein at least one of the following is true:(i) the mercury-containing gas stream comprises about 3.5 ppmw or less vapor-phase iodine;(ii) in the mercury-containing gas stream, a molar ratio of vapor-phase iodine to vapor-phase mercury is no more than about 600;(iii) at an air preheater outlet, a concentration of vapor-phase iodine ranges from about 0.1 to about 10 ppmw;(iv) a concentration of the iodine is about 30 ppmw or less relative to a weight of a mercury-containing feed material producing the vapor-phase mercury.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (i) is true.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mercury-containing gas stream comprises about 1.5 ppmw or less vapor-phase iodine.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein (ii) is true.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio is no more than about 250.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein (iii) is true.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a temperature of the mercury-containing gas stream ranges from about 325 to about 450° C. and wherein the concentration of vapor-phase iodine at the air preheater outlet ranges from about 0.2 to about 2 ppmw.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein (iv) is true.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed material natively comprises no more than about 3 ppmw total iodine and no more than about 10 ppmw total bromine claim 1 , wherein the halogen-containing additive is contacted with the feed material claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 95
31-12-2015 дата публикации

Process for operating a furnace with bituminous coal and method for reducing slag formation therewith

Номер: US20150377483A1
Автор: Mark Pastore
Принадлежит: Environmental Energy Services Inc

There is provided a process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat. The process has the steps of a) providing the coal to the furnace and b) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace. In one embodiment, the first slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated magnesium compounds and the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of one or more oxygenated calcium compounds, one or more oxygenated silicon compounds, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the first slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated silicon compounds, and wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated aluminum compounds. There are also provided methods for reducing slag formation in a coal-fired furnace. There are also provided methods for treating coal. There are also treated coals.

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Номер записи: 96
28-12-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MAKING A GAS FROM WATER, PRODUCT OF THE METHOD, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

Номер: US20170368528A1
Автор: GOURLEY ROBINSON B., Suratt Ted
Принадлежит:

A method for producing a purified, stable, dioxytetrahydride compressible gas from water. The gas is suitable for a variety of uses and may also be infused into water which itself is useful for a variety of purposes. 1. A method for making a gas comprising the steps of:(a) providing a volume of water in an electrochemical solution to a reaction zone comprising a receptacle and a gas output means, wherein said reaction zone is closed and may withstand pressure of at least 30 psi and wherein said electrochemical solution has a specific gravity below the equivalent of 1.3 for potassium hydroxide;(b) providing a magnetic field to said reaction zone under conditions which will not induce electrolysis of said water; and(c) collecting said generated gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said magnetic field is provided by means of two opposing iron plates spaced approximately one-quarter inch apart.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of compressing the generated homogenous gas and storing in a pressurized container.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said generated homogenous gas is compressed and stored in excess of 1 claim 3 ,600 psi.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said generated homogenous gas is pressurized to over 1 claim 4 ,000 psi.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said generated homogenous gas is storable for at least 30 days.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions in the reaction zone are such that the temperature remains less than about 10° F. below phase transition temperature.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions in the reaction zone are such that the pressure does not exceed 100 psi.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generated homogenous gas is exposed to a second magnetic field by providing a second reaction zone comprising rare earth magnets.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said rare earth magnets have a strength greater than fifty (50) Gauss units.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said generated gas flows ...

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Номер записи: 97
20-12-2018 дата публикации

ENZYME TREATMENT OF COAL FOR MERCURY REMEDIATION

Номер: US20180362870A1
Автор: Abbott Murray
Принадлежит:

Emissions of mercury, NOx, and/or SOx are reduced by enzyme treating coal before combustion, optionally with further treatment of the coal with certain non-bromine containing powder sorbents. y using the steps together, mercury can be reduced by 40% or more, and NOx by 20% or more. Advantageously, no bromine is introduced with the remediation steps. 1. A method of burning coal to reduce emissions of mercury , comprising:treating coal with an enzyme composition by applying the enzyme composition onto the coal and reacting for a time period to make an enzyme treated coal;combusting the enzyme treated coal in the furnace of a coal burning facility to create heat energy and flue gases;measuring the amount of mercury in the flue gas; andadjusting the treating step if the measured amount of mercury is above or below a target level,wherein the enzyme composition comprises water, the enzyme, and any required cofactor at a pH at which the enzyme is active.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein adjusting the treating step comprises applying a greater amount of the enzyme composition claim 1 , applying a lesser amount of the enzyme composition claim 1 , reacting for a shorter time claim 1 , or reacting for a longer time.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition comprises an oxidoreductase classified as EC 1 in the EC number classification of enzymes.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition comprises an oxidase that catalyzes an oxidation reduction reaction involving molecular oxygen as electron acceptor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition comprises one or more components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition comprises NAD claim 1 , NADP claim 1 , or FADP.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the enzyme comprises laccase claim 1 , pyruvate dehydrogenase claim 1 , dihydrolipoyl transacetylase claim 1 , or ...

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Номер записи: 98
03-10-2018 дата публикации

Quaternary ammonium ester salts

Номер: EP3381998A1
Автор: David J Moreton, James C Ray, James H Bush, Paul R Stevenson
Принадлежит: Lubrizol Corp

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

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Номер записи: 99
15-12-2011 дата публикации

Pollution abatement process for fossil fuel-fired boilers

Номер: US20110303133A1
Автор: Pramodh Nijhawan
Принадлежит: Industrial Accessories Co

The present invention provides improved boiler assemblies ( 10 ) with enhanced pollution abatement properties through injection and recycling of particulate sorbent materials including sodium bicarbonate, trona, and mixtures thereof. The assemblies ( 10 ) include a boiler ( 12 ), economizer ( 14 ), air heater ( 15 ), and recirculation reactor ( 16 ). Fresh sorbent material is introduced via assembly ( 60 ) into the boiler assembly ( 10 ) at one or more injection locations, and serves to sorb NO X , SO X , and other pollutants in the flue gas. The flue gas and entrained sorbent material then pass through reactor ( 16 ) for separation of sorbent, which is then recycled for injection back into the assembly ( 10 ) upstream of reactor ( 16 ). In another aspect, the invention provides pollution abatement apparatus ( 110 ) and methods employing an upstream recirculation reactor ( 114 ), a supply of fresh sorbent ( 118 ), and a downstream collector ( 116 ). In the reactor ( 114 ), fresh sorbent reacts with incoming hot flue gas ( 112 ) to generate a reduced pollutant flue gas ( 128 ) and a solids fraction including reacted sorbent and pollutants, and unreacted sorbent. Recirculation apparatus ( 120 ) provided between the reactor outlet ( 126 ) and reactor ( 114 ) serves to generate a substantially constant mass or volume flow rate of the reactor solids fraction, which minimizes the use of fresh sorbent and maximizes the pollution abatement efficiency of the apparatus ( 110 ).

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Номер записи: 100