УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ДЕТЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ С НИЗКОЙ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ К ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОМУ ШУМУ

Использование: для детектирования инфракрасного излучения на основе болометров или микроболометров. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что устройство детектирования электромагнитного излучения включает в себя множество элементарных детекторов (32, 320), сгруппированных в один или несколько сборочных узлов (300), причем каждый включает в себя несколько элементарных детекторов (32, 320), а каждый элементарный детектор (32, 320) подключен с помощью межсоединения (32.1, 320.1) к устройству (33) согласования полного сопротивления, при этом устройство детектирования электромагнитного излучения характеризуется тем, что: устройство (33) согласования полного сопротивления является общим для всех элементарных детекторов (32, 320) одного сборочного узла (300), в каждом сборочном узле (300) межсоединения (32.1, 320.1) имеют приблизительно одинаковое значение сопротивления. Технический результат: создание устройства согласования полного сопротивления, способного восстанавливать высокое соотношение ...

АДАПТИВНОЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ПУЧКА

Изобретение относится к области адаптивного формирования лазерных пучков. Способ и устройство для реализации адаптивного расщепления частично когерентного светового пучка посредством пространственного модулятора света (ПМС) заключается в том, что создают частично когерентный первичный световой пучок из коллимированного лазерного пучка от лазера, создают распределение поля в дальней зоне, модулируя по фазе ПМС, направляют для отражения на отображающем элементе ПМС, предотвращая формирование первичного когерентного светового пучка каким-либо движущимся элементом, выводят из первичного светового пучка, после ПМС, контрольный и главный пучок, направляют распределение поля в дальней зоне, на съемочную камеры и измеряют контрольный пучок камерой, при этом обеспечивают соответствие динамическому диапазону камеры посредством регулятора переменной интенсивности для управления интенсивностью контрольного пучка независимо от средней мощности указанного по меньшей мере одного главного пучка, конфигурируют ...

ДЕТЕКТОР ОДИНОЧНЫХ ФОТОНОВ

Полезная модель относится к области измерительной техники и касается детектора одиночных фотонов. Детектор включает в себя корпус, в котором установлены сигнальная плата, плата контроллера, охлаждающий контур и лавинный фотодиод, расположенный на гибкой плате. Плата контроллера содержит генератор стробов, формирователь выходного импульса, источник напряжения смещения лавинного фотодиода и формирователь мертвого времени. Плата контроллера содержит регулятор температуры и систему управления. Охлаждающий контур содержит датчик температуры и термоэлектрический преобразователь. Гибкая плата расположена внутри охлаждающего контура и содержит по меньшей мере один каскад усиления сигналов лавинного фотодиода. Технический результат заключается в снижении вероятности шумового срабатывания и повышение квантовой эффективности устройства. 4 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 табл. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 196 655 U1 (51) МПК G01J 1/42 (2006.01) G01J 11/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК G01J 1/42 (2020.01); G01J 11/00 (2020.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2019140901, 11.12.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 11.03.2020 (45) Опубликовано: 11.03.2020 Бюл. № 8 U 1 1 9 6 6 5 5 R U (54) ДЕТЕКТОР ОДИНОЧНЫХ ФОТОНОВ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к области измерительной техники и касается детектора одиночных фотонов. Детектор включает в себя корпус, в котором установлены сигнальная плата, плата контроллера, охлаждающий контур и лавинный фотодиод, расположенный на гибкой плате. Плата контроллера содержит генератор стробов, формирователь выходного импульса, источник напряжения смещения лавинного фотодиода и формирователь мертвого времени. Плата контроллера содержит регулятор Стр.: 1 температуры и систему управления. Охлаждающий контур содержит датчик температуры и термоэлектрический преобразователь. Гибкая плата расположена внутри охлаждающего контура и содержит по меньшей мере ...

Способ определения взаимного положения перекрывающихся оптических пучков

Изобретение относится к измерительной оптике. Заявленный способ определения взаимного положения перекрывающихся оптических пучков включает модуляцию оптических пучков и регистрацию световых потоков пучков фотоприемником. Модуляцию оптических пучков ведут путем пропускания каждого n-го оптического пучка из набора N оптических пучков через отдельный модулятор света, осуществляющий изменение интенсивности оптического пучка по закону 1+Un(t), где Un(t) - ортогональная функция Уолша. Затем оптические пучки собирают в фокальной плоскости с помощью оптической системы. Вдоль фокальной плоскости по одной или двум координатам перемещают непрозрачный экран из положения, когда все оптические пучки открыты, в положение, когда все оптические пучки закрыты, с обеспечением постепенного перекрытия оптических пучков. Регистрацию световых потоков каждого из N оптических пучков ведут в виде ортогональной функции посредством фотоприемника, установленного за экраном вблизи фокальной плоскости, с подключенным ...

МУЛЬТИСПЕКТРАЛЬНОЕ ФОТОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Изобретение относится к мультиспектральному считывающему устройству для считывания инфракрасных, монохромных и цветных изображений. Мультиспектральное фоточувствительное устройство содержит базовый слой со множеством макроблоков из составных считывающих пикселов, по меньшей мере, один составной считывающий пиксел содержит, по меньшей мере, два базовых считывающих пиксела, размещенных в слоях вдоль направления испускания света, причем каждый слой имеет один базовый считывающий пиксел, и базовые считывающие пикселы распределены на верхней стороне или нижней стороне, либо на верхней стороне и нижней стороне базового слоя, и каждая сторона содержит самое большее два слоя, причем полосы спектра, считываемые посредством базовых считывающих пикселов в одних и тех же составных считывающих пикселах, соответственно, являются ортогональными друг другу. Изобретение обеспечивает лучшее выполнение цветового считывания и интеграцию цветового считывания и инфракрасного считывания. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 28 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ДЕТЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ С НИЗКОЙ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ К ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОМУ ШУМУ

... 1. Устройство детектирования электромагнитного излучения, включающее в себя множество элементарных детекторов (32, 320, 62, 82, 92), сгруппированных в один или несколько сборочных узлов (300, 300', 600), причем каждый включает в себя несколько элементарных детекторов, при этом каждый элементарный детектор (32, 320, 62, 82, 92) подключен посредством межсоединения (301, 302, 66, 85) к устройству (33, 33', 63, 83, 93) согласования полного сопротивления, отличающееся тем, что: ! устройство (33, 33', 63, 83, 93) согласования полного сопротивления является общим для всех элементарных детекторов (32, 320, 62, 82, 92) в одном сборочном узле (300, 300', 600), ! в каждом сборочном узле (300, 300', 600) межсоединения (301, 302, 66, 85) имеют приблизительно одинаковое значение сопротивления. ! 2. Устройство по п.1, в котором элементарные детекторы (32, 320, 62, 82, 92) являются болометрами или микроболометрами, фотодиодами или фотопроводниками. ! 3. Устройство по п.2, в котором, когда элементарные ...

УСТРОЙСТВА, СПОСОБЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ И ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО РАЗРЯДА

ДАТЧИК ЦВЕТА С ВЫСОКИМ СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫМ РАЗРЕШЕНИЕМ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИЙ НЕРАССЕИВАЮЩИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ

... 1. Датчик (1) света, содержащий- компоновку (11) фильтров, причем компоновка (11) фильтров содержит множество спектральных фильтров (F, F, ..., F) для фильтрации падающего света (L), в которой каждый спектральный фильтр (F, F, ..., F) реализован с возможностью пропуска отдельной составляющей падающего света (L);- компоновку (12) апертур, содержащую множество апертур для впускания части падающего света (L);- компоновку (13) датчика, реализованную с возможностью сбора впущенного отфильтрованного света (L'), причем компоновка (13) датчика содержит матрицу чувствительных элементов (130) для генерации относящихся к изображению сигналов (S, S, S, ..., S), и причем чувствительная матрица подразделена на множество областей (R, R, ..., R), в которой каждая область (R, R, ..., R) чувствительной матрицы содержит множество чувствительных элементов и отведена для апертуры из упомянутого множества апертур и соответствующего спектрального фильтра (F, F, ..., F) из упомянутого множества фильтров так, что ...

Электронная офтальмологическая линза с отслеживанием сна

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ НЕГАТИВНЫХ МЕРЦАНИЙ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО СВЕТА

Полезная модель относится к области технических средств, используемых для проверки наличия опасных и вредных факторов для здоровья работников в производственной и бытовой сферах деятельности, в частности к устройствам проверки наличия негативных мерцаний искусственных источников света. Задачей полезной модели является проверка безопасных условий труда с целью сохранения жизни и здоровья работника при производстве работ, предупреждение воздействия негативных мерцаний искусственных источников света. Технический результат - создание устройства для измерения негативных мерцаний источников искусственного света с индикацией опасности для организма человека. Поставленная задача решается, а технический результат достигается созданием устройства, состоящего из металлического корпуса, внутри которого размещена печатная плата с микроконтроллером, чувствительного элемента в виде солнечной панели, жидкокристаллического дисплея для отображения измеренного значения, четырех светодиодных индикаторов, кнопки ...

МНОГОКАНАЛЬНЫЙ ДЕТЕКТОР ОДИНОЧНЫХ ФОТОНОВ

Настоящее техническое решение относится к области измерительной техники, к детекторам одиночных фотонов (ДОФ). Заявленное решение представляет собой многоканальный ДОФ, содержащий корпус, в котором установлены: генератор смещения лавинного фотодиода; формирователь выходного импульса; формирователь импульса восстановления; регулятор температуры; систему управления; по меньшей мере два ДОФ, установленных в охлаждаемом объеме, каждый из которых содержит лавинный фотодиод, нагрузочный резистор и усилитель, при этом внутри охлаждаемого объема размещены датчик температуры и термоэлектрический преобразователь; при этом усилители ДОФ соединены с компараторами; установлены элементы ИЛИ, каждый из которых соединен через соответствующий компаратор со своим ДОФ, и в случае срабатывания одного ДОФ от упомянутого ДОФ выполняется передача сигнала, равного длительности импульса восстановления, на второй ДОФ, который в ответ на получение упомянутого сигнала осуществляет блокировку компаратора и формирует ...

Verschiebungssensor

Verschiebungssensor (1), aufweisend: ein lichtemittierendes Element (2) zum Emittieren von Licht in Richtung eines zu erfassenden Objektes; eine lichtempfangende Linse (4) zum Kondensieren von Licht, das durch das Objekt reflektiert wird; eine lichtreflektierende Platte (5) zum Reflektieren von Licht, das durch die lichtempfangende Linse (4) gegangen ist; ein lichtempfangendes Element (6), das eine lichtempfangende Fläche zum Empfangen von Licht aufweist, das durch die lichtreflektierende Platte (5) reflektiert wird, und ein Signal ausgibt, das der Position des Lichts auf der lichtempfangenden Fläche entspricht; und ein Gehäuse (50), das das lichtemittierende Element (2), die lichtempfangende Linse (4), die lichtreflektierende Platte (5) und das lichtempfangende Element (6) unterbringt und eine Erfassungsfläche (1x) zum Durchlassen von Licht, das von dem lichtemittierenden Element (2) emittiert wird, und Durchlassen von Licht aufweist, das durch das Objekt reflektiert wird, wobei die lichtreflektierende ...

OPTISCHE SENSORVORRICHTUNG

Radiation source radiation characteristic measurement

The radiation characteristic measurement uses an optical fiber radiometer with a bundle of optical fibers (2) supplying the emitted radiation to a photodetector. The input ends of the fibers are positioned at a constant radial distance from the source (6), the fibers combined with at least 3 reference optical fibers (12), used for position calibration of the sensitive surface of the photodetector. An Independent claim for a radiation characteristic measuring device is also included.

Photodetector with positively charged acceptor impurities in a shallow acceptor-doped semiconductor quantum well structure

A photodetector, having positively charged acceptor impurities (A<+> centers) in a shallow acceptor-doped semiconductor quantum well layer structure with its offset lying in the valence band, is new. An Independent claim is also included for a method of producing the above photodetector comprising deposition of a Si/SiGe/Si quantum well structure on an n-conducting Si substrate and selective boron doping by molecular beam epitaxy or CVD.

Device for measuring daylight

The device is used to measure daylight, in particular the duration and intensity of sunshine. The device has a photoelectric element whose signals which correspond to the brightness can be processed electronically. The visual field (field of view) of the device is sector shaped in this case and rotates about an axis such that the entire sky or subregions thereof is/are scanned sequentially. ...

Arrangement for determining the intensity of the optical emission of a light-emitting diode

The invention relates to an arrangement for determining the intensity of emission of a light-emitting diode to which a glass fibre is coupled, with the aid of a photoelectric transducer. Such an arrangement is intended to manage without a beam splitter which branches a portion of the optical output power from the signal path. The invention provides for this purpose that the photoelectric transducer is arranged in the region of the scattered light emitted by the light-emitting diode. The arrangement can advantageously be used to monitor infrared emitting diodes. ...

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Lichtmessung.

Transparenter Photodetektor

Transparenter Photodetektor (100, 200, 300, 500, 600), aufweisend: ein Substrat (120, 220, 320, 520, 620); einen Wellenleiter (102, 202, 302, 502, 602) auf dem Substrat (120, 220, 320, 520, 620); eine bewegliche Struktur (106, 206, 306, 506, 606), die in Bezug auf das Substrat (120, 220, 320, 520, 620) beweglich ist und in der Nähe (104, 204, 304, 504) des Wellenleiters (102, 202, 302, 502, 602) liegt; und ein Silicium-Nanodraht-Array (108, 208, 308, 508, 608), das in Bezug auf das Substrat (120, 220, 320, 520, 620) aufgehängt ist und mit der beweglichen Struktur mechanisch verbunden ist, wobei das Silicium-Nanodraht-Array (108, 208, 308, 508, 608) eine Vielzahl von Nanodrähten mit einem Piezowiderstand aufweist; wobei in Betrieb sich im Wellenleiter (102, 202, 302, 502, 602) ausbreitendes Licht (122, 222, 322, 522, 622) zu einer optischen Kraft an der beweglichen Struktur führt, was zudem zu einer mechanischen Beanspruchung an den Nanodrähten führt, um eine Änderung im elektrischen Widerstand ...

Tunnel-Effekt-Photosensor.

Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Übereinstimmungsbeziehung für ein adaptives Optiksystem, ein adaptives Optiksystem, und ein Speichermedium zur Speicherung eines Programms für ein adaptives Optiksystem

Ein adaptives Optiksystem umfasst einen räumlichen Lichtmodulator, der ausgebildet ist, eine Phase eines optischen Bildes, das auf einer Modulationsfläche mit N zweidimensional angeordneten Bereichen einfällt, räumlich zu modulieren, und einen Wellenfrontsensor, der ein Linsenarray mit N zweidimensional angeordneten Linsen entsprechend den N-Bereichen und ein optisches Erfassungselement zur Erfassung einer Lichtintensitätsverteilung mit M konvergierenden Punkten, die durch das Linsenarray gebildet werden, enthält und ausgebildet ist, das optische Bild nach der Modulation aus dem räumlichen Lichtmodulator zu empfangen, und der eine Wellenfrontverzerrung durch Steuern eines Phasenmuster, das in dem räumlichen Lichtmodulator angezeigt wird, auf der Grundlage einer Wellenfrontform des optischen Bildes, das von der Lichtintensitätsverteilung erhalten wird, kompensiert, wobei eine Übereinstimmungsbeziehung zwischen dem Bereich des räumlichen Lichtmodulators und dem konvergierenden Punkt, der ...

System zum Erkennen und Sortieren von Abfallobjekten

Fotoleitende Zelle,insbesondere fuer die Feststellung eines Objektes in einem bestimmten Raumbereich

ELEKTRONENBLITZGERAET MIT EINEM BLENDEN-ENTFERNUNGS-INDIKATOR

Lichtsteuerungsvorrichtung, -system und -verfahren für LED-Beleuchtungssysteme

Eine Lichtsteuerungsvorrichtung für Beleuchtungssysteme, die LEDs umfasst, umfasst einen Fotosensor, um Licht zu erfassen, das von einer Vielzahl von Lichtquellen erzeugt wurde, wobei jede Lichtquelle aus besagter Vielzahl von Lichtquellen Licht basierend auf einer diskreten Frequenz eines Signals erzeugt, das besagte Vielzahl von Lichtquellen moduliert, und um ein Signal auf der Basis des besagten erfassten Lichts zu erzeugen, einen Filter zum Filtern von zumindest einer Vielzahl von Signalen mit einer Frequenz, die der diskreten Frequenz entspricht, aus dem Signal, das von dem Fotosensor erzeugt wurde, und eine Steuerungseinheit zumindest für eines aus Steuern und Regulieren einer Intensität von Lichts, das von jeder aus besagter Vielzahl von Lichtquellen emittiert wurde.

Sensoranordnung mit einem siliziumbasierten optischen Sensor und einem Substrat für funktionelle Schichtsysteme

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoranordnung mit einem siliziumbasierten optischen Sensor, insbesondere Farbsensoren für kolorimetrische Anwendungen. Die Aufgabe, eine neue Möglichkeit zur Unterdrückung der Interferenzrippel von optischen Sensoren, die bei der Hinzufügung von Substraten mit optisch funktionellen Beschichtungen entstehen, zu finden, die eine einfache Herstellung ohne komplizierte Anpassungsschichten gestattet, wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem die Sensorpassivierung aus einer Kombination von einer dünnen SiO2-Schicht (12) im Bereich von 5 bis 10 nm und einer entspiegelungsangepassten Si3N4-Schicht (13) zusammengesetzt ist, über der Sensorpassivierung ein mindestens ein optisches Filter (21) tragendes Substrat (2) angeordnet ist, das mit dem Sensor (1) mittels eines Klebstoffs (31) verbunden ist und zwischen Sensorfläche (11) und zugeordnetem optischem Filter einen Zwischenraum (3) für eine optische Schicht (32; 33) mit niedrigem Brechungsindex (n2) ausbildet, die eine Höhenvariation ...

Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Kopiereigenschaften photographischer Negative

Verfahren zur Pruefung der Gradation, Entwicklungs- und Kopierbedingungen lichtempfindlicher Schichten durch Vergleich einer zu pruefenden Schwaerzungsfolge mit einer geeichten Schwaerzungsfolge

Ceramic calibration filter for use in image processing systems

The filter (410) attenuates laser radiation between a source (402) and a sensor (422). The ceramic filter has porosity of 1%-8%. An alternative design has a spiral chamber with its axis approximately parallel to the light beam. Independent claims are made for an image processing device for adjustment of the output power of a laser light source and a method for calibrating a laser light source.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR AUTOMATISCHEN FESTSTELLUNG UND ZUR ZEIT-FORM-ANALYSE VON LICHT-WAERME-STRAHLUNGSSIGNALEN, DIE VON KERNEXPOSIONEN AUSGEHEN, SOWIE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER EXPLOSIONSENERGIE

Fotoelektrische Empfangseinrichtung

EINEN PLANARWELLENLEITER-LECKMODUS VERWENDENDER ZEITLICH HOCH AUFLÖSENDER ULTRAEMPFINDLICHER OPTISCHER SENSOR UND HERSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN DAFÜR

MESSUNGSVORRICHTUNG

Luminous flux measuring device for lamps - has photo-detector on universally-mounted frame driven around all points of spherical surface

The integrating light-source output measuring equipment provides an absolute measurement at all points on the surface of a sphere of the light output of modern lamps such as high-pressure gas-discharge lamps, fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps etc. The light source itself remains stationary and requires no slip-rings for the supply so that errors due to position variations and contact resistance are avoided. The lamp under test is positioned at the centre of three concentric frames which are suspended in a universal mounting. The outer frame is rotated by a motor and itself carries motors for driving the middle frame. The centre frame is rotated by its own motors on a shaft fixed to the middle frame. A photoelectric detector is carried on the inner frame and describes a spiral around the face of a sphere.

A Photon Detector

Photon detector

A photon detector 2 comprises a resonant cavity 4 that allows input light to circulate within and an elongate superconductor element 6 to absorb photons within the cavity, the element arranged such that it is elongate in the direction of photon propagation. The detector may conduct electrons along the superconducting element, tune the optical resonances within the cavity, and be used with a cryostat system. The resonator may be an integrated optic waveguide, may be a ring resonator in a racetrack configuration, and may have a rectangular cross section. There may be an integrated input waveguide 22 that evanescently couples light into the resonator. The superconductor may be in contact with the resonator waveguide and may comprise a superconducting nanowire single photon detector. There may be a plurality of detectors optically coupled to a common waveguide, at least two of which support different resonant wavelengths. The superconductor may be cooled, and have electrical current below a ...

Improvements in and relating to reaction vessels for use with such vessels

Light source identification apparatus and method

Improvements in and relating to photoelectric measuring apparatus

... 519,579. Photo-electric apparatus for measuring surface reflection. BRITISH SANGAMO CO., Ltd. (Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation). Aug. 23, 1938, No. 24797. [Class 40 (iii)] Apparatus for measuring the reflection factor of a surface comprises an electrical instrument 6, Fig. 6, arranged in conjunction with photoelectric cells C, C<1>, which may be mounted back to back, to indicate both the " illumination " and " brightness " of a surface. To read the former, light from widely divergent angles may fall on a cell, but for the latter a removable baffle B, which may be of cellular form, is placed over a cell to obtain light only at substantially normal incidence. Different ranges may be selected by means of the ammeter-shunting switch 13 and either cell may be connected in by switch 26. In a modification, Fig. 7, which gives a direct indication of the reflection factor, the indicator may be a ratio meter of the crossed-coil type 28, 29. The photo-sensitive elements C may be carried by ...

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO LIGHT ENERGY DETECTORS

... 1,262,793. Lasers. AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP. 23 June, 1969 [4 Oct., 1968], No. 31621/69. Heading H1C. [Also in Division G1] In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in detection of light from a laser by a conventional photo-electric detector, e.g. a photodiode, the light is amplified by a laser pre-amplifier before detection. The laser pre-amplifier may take the form of a neodymium doped clad fibre, especially suitable in amplifying light produced from a similarly doped source. The core of the device comprises a low loss laser glass, doped with neodymium ions, having first or second claddings of respectively lower and higher refractive indices than the core, the second cladding being doped with samarium to absorb escaping light of the wavelength to be transmitted by the device, i.e. 1À06 Á. The device is designed to permit only one mode, the HE 11 , since the noise increases as the square root of the number of modes. Alternatively, a solid rod laser may be used, in which case the device ...

Radiation detection

ELECTRO-OPTICAL STREAK CAMERA

A calculating device for use in photographic printing operations

... 538,696. Photo-electric densitometers. SANGAMO WESTON, Ltd. April 24, 1940, No. 7421. Convention date, April 24, 1939. [Class 40 (iii)] [Also in Group XX] A special form of calculator is described for evaluating the exposure from the various data in a printing process comprising (1) measuring the maximum and minimum densities of the negative and the intensity of the printing light, (2) selecting a printing paper having an exposure range determined by the difference between said densities, and (3) exposing the paper for a time determined by the intensity of the printing light, the sensitivity of the paper, and the maximum density of the negative. The form shown in Fig. 1 is mounted over the double-ended pointer 25, 26 of a photo-electric densitometer for determining the densities and the light intensity. The pointers 25, 26 move over fixed scales 55, 56 graduated non-uniformly to indicate equal increments of cell current, and the graduations are connected by lead lines to a pair of uniformly ...

No Title

Photographic Camera.

... 12,452. Ide, H. L., and Ide, R. W. Aug. 30. Cameras, roll-film; actinometers; roll spools. -Each portion of film or other negative element to be exposed has a sensitized test-piece 13 which is brought into position behind an opening 12 in the camera back. Each test-strip, with a colour-comparison border 14, may be mounted on the backing-paper 10 of the film 1. Alternatively, test-strips only may be used on the backing-paper 10, and a fixed colour-comparison border may be mounted on an annular ledge 17 in the opening 12.

Light sensitive device

A light sensitive device comprising a photosenstive component (1) coupled to two or more optical fibres (11a, 11b) having spaced apart exposed ends (12a, 12b) for transmission of light from the exterior of the device to the photosensitive component (1) whereby the device may be responsive to the external light intensity. The device may switch on, e.g. lamps, as darkness falls to deter burglars. ...

Microtitre plate with heating means to prevent condensation

A reaction vessel 10, typically a microtitre vessel, incorporating heating means 13 for effecting the reaction and having a lid 20 with a window 22 to enable viewing of the contents of the vessel. The arrangement being such that the heating means also operates to ensure that the window is kept vapour-free. Apparatus within which such reaction vessels are stationed during the reaction has an array of thermopile sensors 52 for measuring vessel temperature.

Radiation detector

Transparent photodetector

A transparent photodetector. The transparent photodetector includes a substrate; a waveguide on the substrate; a displaceable structure that can be displaced with respect to the substrate, the displaceable structure in proximity to the waveguide; and a silicon nanowire array suspended with respect to the substrate and mechanically linked to the displaceable structure, the silicon nanowire array comprising a plurality of silicon nanowires having piezoresistance. In operation, a light source propagating through the waveguide results in an optical force on the displaceable structure which further results in a strain on the nanowires to cause a change in electrical resistance of the nanowires. The substrate may be a semiconductor on insulator substrate.

Filter systems

Data logging is done in respect of a vehicle such as an aircraft having a window 200 incorporating a passive filter 10 configured to prevent the transmission of radiation at a predetermined visible wavelength band covering a predetermined laser threat whilst substantially allowing visible wavelengths outside said first predetermined wavelength band to be transmitted. One or more radiation detectors 32 are configurable in respect of said window to detect radiation in the predetermined wavelength band and a data logging module 34 is communicably coupled to the radiation detectors to receive data therefrom representative of the detected incident radiation and configured to determine, using said data, a wavelength and power of the incident radiation. An angle of attack may also be determined and clock data representative of a time of radiation detection may also be logged.

Improvements in or relating to gunn effect apparatus

... 1,116,169. Digital light measurement. TELEFUNKEN PATENTVERWERTUNGS G.m.b.H. 2 Nov., 1966 [11 Nov., 1965; 16 Dec., 1965; 24 Dec., 1965; 18 Feb., 1966], No. 49213/66. Heading G4H. [Also in Divisions G1 and H1] In a Gunn effect oscillator or amplifier apparatus including a semi-conductor element adapted to exhibit negative resistance when an electric field in excess of a certain critical value is applied, light is employed to produce a photocurrent which is superimposed on the current already present in the element to control its operation. The light may be applied directly to the element or to a separate light sensitive device connected in circuit with the element. In a Gunn effect oscillator adapted to oscillate when biased by an electric field exceeding a critical value U k , the oscillations may be initiated or stopped by means of the photocurrent which causes the actual bias U applied to the element to rise above or fall below U k , the photo-current being a function of the light intensity ...

Light sensor module

Exposure Meter.

... 102,872. Harvey, G. L. May 3, 1916. Exposure meters.-Relates to exposure meters of the type in which a movable chart card is used in conjunction with another member having suitable index marks and data for light conditions, exposure times, &c. A blank 10, Fig. 1, is notched at 11, 12, 13 and folded at 14, 15 so that the notches are in register. A narrow slit 17 is provided in the leaf 16, and a rectangular window 19 in the leaf 18. A narrow slit 22 is also provided in the leaf 18 between two printed series of indications of latitude or locality 40 - - 44, one for summer and one for winter. A number of slits 21 in the leaf 20 correspond to various types of subject to be photographed, and this series nf slits is surmounted by a set of printed stop numbers as shown. The slide, of which the opposite sides are shown in Figs. 2 and 6, has on one, side a series of indications 56 - - 61 representing the lighting conditions, such as " Bright " or " Cloudy," and on the other side a series of exposure ...

Luminaire locating device, luminaire and luminaire configuring and commissioning device

Luminaire locating device, luminaire, and luminaire configuring and commissioning device A luminaire locating device may be used to automatically determine positions of luminaires of a lighting system. The luminaire locating device may have an interface to receive intensity information captured by a plurality of optical sensors. The luminaire locating device may have an electronic processing device to process the intensity information captured by the plurality of optical sensors to determine the positions of the luminaires.

Improvements in and relating to photometers for measuring illumination

... 459,277. Photometric apparatus. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., Magnet House, Kingsway, London.-(Assignees of Lange, B. ; 45, Garystrasse, Berlin) Aug. 13, 1936, No. 22330. Convention date, Sept. 18, 1935. [Class 97 (i)] Relates to a photo meter of the type com prising a rectifier photo - electric cel 1 operatively connect ed to a galvanometer 4, 5 and consists in exposing the cell below a transparent member 3, which carries the scale over which the pointer 4 moves. The members 3 may be coloured so as to act as a filter. U.S.A. Specification 1,932,043 is referred to.

Improvements in or relating to photoelectric measuring apparatus

... 605,691. Light-meters; light-sensitive cells. SANGAMO WESTON, Ltd. Jan. 3, 1946, No. 290. Convention date, April 2, 1945. [Class 40 (iii)], In a light-meter, a casing 1 (Fig. 1) houses a moving coil milliammeter (Fig. 2) having a permanent magnet 3, of which photo-cell 2 is made an integral part by depositing a selenium layer directly upon the magnet, the selenium being covered by a translucent electrode layer on which are sprayed soft metal conducting ribs 9, 10, connected through the moving coil 4 to the magnet. An apertured scale plate allows light to fall on the photo-cell, the conducting ribs of which form scale divisions. The selenium layer may be deposited on the yoke of a composite magnet, or on an iron plate spot-welded to the magnet. In a modification (Figs. 6, 7, not shown), a photographic exposure meter comprises a combined selenium cell and moving coil movement in a sealed plastic case, light falling on the cell through a transparent multiple lens section moulded in the case ...

Improvements in and relating to light measuring instruments

... 459,218. Photometric apparatus. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London. March 29, 1935, No. 9886. Void [Abridged as open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Sept. 30, 1935]. [Class 97 (i)] A photometer comprises a container for an electrical measuring instrument and a hinged cover which houses a photoelectric cell connected to the measuring instrument, the cell being of the kind which generates an E.M.F. when exposed to light. The container 13 for the measuring instrument 7 is encircled by a metal band 14 having extensions 16 between which is an insulating block 17. Arms 18 pivotally secured to the block 17 by screws 19 are secured by screws 22 to a casing 5 which contains the photoelectric cell, and is adapted when turned about the pivots 19 to form a cover to the container 13. Between each arm 18 and the block 17 is a metal plate 20 forming an electrical connection between the arm and a wire passing through the container 13 into the meter 7. Connections ...

SPECTRAL RADIANCE DISTRIBUTION MONITOR

Improvements in and relating to photographic apparatus suitable inter alia for use in colour photography

... 747,626. Photographic trial exposure apparatus. PHOTO-CHEMICAL CO., Ltd. Sept. 24, 1954 [July 1, 1953], No. 18184/53. Class 98 (2). A casing has an exposure window, a grey wedge in alignment therewith, and a movable carrier for light-sensitive material mounted therewithin, so that different zones of the lightsensitive material may be brought into registration with the window and grey wedge for exposure. As shown, the carrier 3 with grooved elements 14 for locating the sensitive material is rotatable about a screw in the base 1 of the casing by handle 5, and the grey step wedge 11 occupies window 6 in hinged lid 2. A shutter (Figs. 1 and 3, not shown) may be provided on top of the lid 2 and may have a white upper surface for focusing. In use the apparatus may be placed in an enlarger to receive imagewise exposure as from a colour transparency through blue, green and red filters and the step wedge on three portions 31, 32, 33 respectively of the sensitive surface ...

Photon detector

INFRA-RED DYNAMIC DETECTOR

... 1496666 Photo-electric flame monitor FORNEY INTERNATIONAL Inc 13 Dec 1974 [14 Dec 1973] 53987/74 Heading G1A A furnace flame is monitored by an infrared detector housed with a preamplifier, and a signal from the latter is passed to an evaluation unit including a band-pass filter and comparison unit to detect whether the flame is present or not. In Fig. 2, the detector is mounted with its preamplifier in a head 10 which views a coal dust fuelled flame 24; the head is mounted in a position where the air input 28 to the furnace affords it a degree of protection. The output of the preamplifier is fed via a screened cable 12, Fig. 3, to a remote amplifier and filter 40 where only those signals between 45-60 Hz are passed. These signals are rectified at 42 and compared with a pre-set value at 44. A delay unit 46 gives a delayed indication of the presence of a flame (F), or the absence of a flame (F), as well as an instantaneous indication of the flame state (F I ); these signals can be supplied ...

Improvements in or relating to devices for automatically determining the optimum exposure time in radiography

... 751,786. Discharge apparatus. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. March 3, 1954 [March 3, 1953], No. 6235/54. Class 39 (1). [Also in Group XL (b)] The Specification describes a construction of ionization chamber for use in X-ray timing apparatus. As shown (Fig. 1) X-rays from a source 1 passing through the body 2 under examination to a photographic plate 3 traverse the ionization chamber 6, which is a flat rectangular box having walls of insulating and X-ray absorbing material, e.g. " Perspex " (Registered Trade Mark). The internal surfaces are coated with a conductive material, for example graphite, but whereas layer 8 is continuous, layer 9 is divided into fields which are insulated from one another by scraping off the graphite along narrow parallel lines. Outside the chamber is a further electrode 10 which forms with each component of field 9 a condenser thus enabling the conductivity of the individual ionization chambers to be detected capacitively. The capacitors may be discharged ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROLLING OF A TUNNEL LIGHTING PLANT AND MECHANISM FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE

ULTRASENSIBLER OPTICAL DETECTOR WITH HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION BASED ON A LATTICE.

PROCEDURE F�R �BERPR�FBARE INACTIVATING OF PATHOGENEN IN a BIOLOGICAL FLUID BY IRRADIATION

RADIATION MEASURING DEVICE, RADIATION CONTROL SYSTEM AND RADIATION MEASURING PROCEDURE

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION OPTICAL SYSTEM WITH A CMOS OR A CCD MATRIX

ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION SENSOR AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PRODUCTION

Photoelectric giver for the collection of the density of light

CONTROL OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Photographic camera

Procedure for the marking of characteristics of films on the cartridge, in cartridges

A processing method and apparatus for energy saving of an active infrared induction instrument powered by a dry battery

System and method for detecting biofilm growth in water systems

A system and method for monitoring or detecting a level of biofilm growth in a fluid system and controlling operating parameters of the fluid system based a measured level of growth. The monitoring system and method comprises a dye injection system for periodically injecting dye into a portion of fluid from the fluid system, passing the portion of fluid though a narrow lumen tube to achieve laminar flow and using a light source and optical sensor to detect a transmission or emission indicating a level of biofilm growth in the tube corresponding to a level of growth on components in the fluid system. Information based upon the measurements or calculations made by the monitoring system may be used to manually or automatically alter various operating parameters to control the fluid system and aid in maintaining stable operation of the fluid system within preferred specifications.

System and method for detecting biofilm growth in water systems

A system and method for monitoring or detecting a level of biofilm growth in a fluid system and controlling operating parameters of the fluid system based a measured level of growth. The monitoring system and method comprises a dye injection system for periodically injecting dye into a portion of fluid from the fluid system, passing the portion of fluid though a narrow lumen tube to achieve laminar flow and using a light source and optical sensor to detect a transmission or emission indicating a level of biofilm growth in the tube corresponding to a level of growth on components in the fluid system. Information based upon the measurements or calculations made by the monitoring system may be used to manually or automatically alter various operating parameters to control the fluid system and aid in maintaining stable operation of the fluid system within preferred specifications.

Graphene-based infrared bolometer

An infrared bolometer. In one embodiment a waveguide configured to transmit infrared radiation is arranged to be adjacent a graphene sheet and configured so that evanescent waves from the waveguide overlap the graphene sheet. The graphene sheet has two contacts connected to an amplifier, and a power detector connected to the amplifier. Infrared electromagnetic power in the evanescent waves is absorbed in the graphene sheet, heating the graphene sheet. The power of Johnson noise generated at the contacts is proportional to the temperature of the graphene sheet. The Johnson noise is amplified and the power in the Johnson noise is used as a measure of the temperature of the graphene sheet, and of the amount of infrared power propagating in the waveguide.

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MEASUREMENT SIGNAL OR A MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SIGNAL

Thermo-chromatic witness features for lightning strike indication in both metallic and composite structures

THERMO-CHROMATIC WITNESS FEATURES FOR LIGHTNING STRIKE INDICATION IN BOTH METALLIC AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES A system includes a structure 204 and a material applied to a portion of the structure. The material may be adapted to change color locally in response to localized heating of the portion of the structure to a first threshold temperature due to an electrical current within the structure. The system may further include a detector 508 configured to receive light from the structure 204 to enable detection of a pathway of the electrical current through the structure 204 based on a position of the color. Change a material applied to a portion of a structure to a color in response to heating of the portion of the structure to a first threshold temperature due to an electrical current within the structure Scan a surface of the structure with a detector Receive, at the detector, light from the structure Locate the position of the color based on the light from the structure Detect a pathway ...

Imaging apparatus

SENSOR CONFIGURATION FOR SUBSTANTIAL SPACING FROM A SMALL APERTURE

The inventive sensor (30) device includes a support structure, a sensing element (15) mounted on the support substrate (60) for sensing optical radiation and generating an electrical output signal in response thereto, and an encapsulant (62) encapsulating the sensing element (15) on the support structure. The encapsulant (62) being configured to define a lens portion (61) for focusing incident optical radiation onto an active surface of the sensing element, and an optical radiation collector portion (53) surrounding the lens portion for collecting and redirecting optical radiation that is not incident the lens portion (61) onto the active surface of the sensing element (15). The collector portion (53) may be a parabolic reflector that reflects incident light by total internal reflection. The sensor device (15) may be incorporated into an assembly including a diffuser (32) positioned across an aperture, and/or may be incorporated into a vehicle accessory such as a rearview mirror assembly ...

LIGHT DISCRIMINATION APPARATUS MEASURING FLICKER RATIOS

A control apparatus is disclosed for discriminating between light emitted from sources having respectively different flicker ratios (the ratio of the brightest and the dimmest intensities during a given period). A photocell produces a voltage having a DC component proportional to the log of the average intensity of incident light and an AC component proportional to the log of the flicker ratio. After the DC component is removed, the AC component is amplified and may be applied to a filter-moving control means to cause appropriate color-correcting filters to be interposed between the scene and photosensitive material. as for instance in a camera. Alternatively, the AC component may control a marking mechanism to encode the film with a mark readable during the subsequent printing process.

MAXIMUM INTENSITY MEASURING DEVICE

METHOD FOR MEASURING LUMINANCE OF LIGHT-EMITTING OBJECT AND DEVICE THEREFOR

A method and an apparatus are provided for measuring brightness of a light emitting body which has a fixed surface area and emits a minute quantity of light. Measurement is performed by bringing a light receiving plane of an optical sensor into direct contact with a surface of the light emitting body. As the optical sensor, a semiconductor sensor panel or a solar cell panel is preferably used. Thus, brightness can be simply, easily and correctly measured without using complicated and troublesome means, such as a darkroom and a lens concentrating system, even when the light emission is minute.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIGITIZING LIGHT MEASUREMENTS BY COMPUTER CONTROL OF LIGHT SOURCE EMISSION

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for digitizing light measurements by computer control light source emission. The invention uses a Light Sensitive Device (LSD), such as for example a camera system containing a CMOS-or a CCD-image chip, to perform precise measurements by digitally controlling the light source output. A constant output value is obtained from the LSD such that any non-linearity and range limitation of the LSD output is circumvented. The measurement methods and system are applied to chemical test and analytes, which are used for diagnostic purposes. The method can be used to measure reflectance, transmittance, fluorescence and turbidity.

DISCHARGE DETECTION SYSTEM AND DISCHARGE DETECTION METHOD

A discharge detection system includes a plurality of optical fibers having different optical distances from each other and provided to allow discharge light generated from a test object to enter at least one of the optical fibers, an optical sensor configured to detect the discharge light having entered the at least one of the optical fibers and to output a detection signal having a temporal change in an amplitude of the detection signal, the temporal change in the amplitude corresponding to a temporal change in intensity of the discharge light, and a signal processing system configured to identify an area where the discharge light is generated based a point of time of at least one peak in the detection signal.

OPTICAL NITRATE SENSOR COMPENSATION ALGORITHMS FOR MULTIPARAMETER WATER QUALITY MONITORING

An optical nitrate sensor features a signal processor or signal processing module configured to: receive signaling containing information about a concentration of nitrate dissolved in the water based upon a first UV optical absorbance of light centered at 229nm, and also containing information about a dissolved organic matter (DOM) sensed in the water based upon a second UV optical absorbance of associated light centered in a range of 250nm to 275nm; and determine corresponding signaling containing information about a corrected concentration of nitrate dissolved in the water by compensating the concentration of nitrate for the DOM sensed in the water, based upon the signaling received.

LIGHT PANEL, OPTICAL ASSEMBLY WITH IMPROVED INTERFACE AND LIGHT PANEL WITH IMPROVED MANUFACTURING TOLERANCES

Light panels, and methods of providing the light panels, are described. The described light panels are substantially transparent and can operate as an illumination device or as a solar panel. An example light panel includes a first optic layer for transmitting light; a second optic layer with a reflective surface configured for one of directing light from the first optic layer and directing light to the first optic layer; and a receiving assembly disposed between the first optic layer and the second optic layer. The receiving assembly includes a first receiving layer adjacent to the first optic layer; a second receiving layer adjacent to the second optic layer and separated from the first receiving layer; and a light device coupled to the first receiving layer. The light device can be configured to receive light from the reflective surface or to provide light to the reflective surface.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FOCI ARRAY SCANNING THROUGH AN ADJUSTING REFRACTIVE MEDIUM

A method and apparatus for performing foci array scanning using at least one adjustable or tilting medium is disclosed. The medium can be controllably tilted in order to translate a beam of electromagnetic radiation perpendicularly to its propagation, and upon exiting the medium, will propagate in the original, incoming direction. This allows the apparatus that emits the radiation, such as a laser, to remain stationary and still scan a 2D array. Additionally, the reflected fluorescence light undergoes the opposite shift to "reverse" the scanning shift and bring the beamlets back in line with a lenselet array. So the collection fibers can remain static and collect light from different spots on the sample from during the scan.

DEVICE FOR DETECTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH LOW SENSITIVITY TO SPATIAL NOISE

An electromagnetic radiation detection device including multiple elementary detectors (32, 320) grouped into one or more sub-assemblies (300) each including several elementary detectors (32, 320), where each elementary detector (32, 320) is connected by an interconnection (32.1, 320.1) to an impedance-matching device (33), characterised in that: the impedance-matching device (33) is common to all the elementary detectors (32, 320) of a single sub-assembly (300), in each sub-assembly (300) the interconnections (32.1, 320.1) have roughly the same resistance value.

OPTICAL POLARIZATION PHOTODETECTOR

A photodetector is known to measure optical power. But it is only can detect power of optical beam. It can not measure its polarization status. In this invention, The photodetector can measure optical power and also can detect polarization status (extinction ratio and angle) of optical beam.

REMOTE SENSING METHODS AND SYSTEMS USING NONLINEAR LIGHT CONVERSION AND SENSE SIGNAL TRANSFORMATION

A disclosed system (100) includes a light source (102) and a nonlinear converter (108A, 108B, 200, 220, 240) optically coupled to and remote from the light source. The nonlinear light converter converts a light pulse received from the light source to a broadened or spectrum-shifted light pulse. The system also includes a sensor (110A, 110B) in situ with the nonlinear light converter. The sensor performs a sense operation based on the broadened or spectrum-shifted light pulse and generates an electrical signal corresponding to the sense operation. The system also includes an electro-optical interface (112A, 112B) in situ with the sensor that transforms the electrical signal to an optical signal for conveyance to a signal collection interface A related method includes generating a light pulse and conveying the light pulse to a remote nonlinear light converter. The method also includes converting the light pulse to a broadened or spectrum-shifted light pulse. The method also includes performing ...

PHOTODETECTOR INVOLVING A MOSFET HAVING A FLOATING GATE

A photodetector comprising a photoemissive surface capable of liberating photoelectrons. Photoelectrons are detected by a MOSFET having a floating gate, which is suitably charged before measurement in such a way that photoelectrons can cause a change in charge of the floating gate. The detect ed change indicates the amount of light received by the detector.

CALIBRATION SYSTEM FOR A PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE

Optical systems are provided. In one embodiment, the optical system includes a detector for detecting a light signal. A light signal gatherer and guider is optically connected with the detector for gathering t he light signal and guiding the light signal to the detector. The light signal gatherer and guider has a check signal entrance location dispos ed along an outer surface of the light signal gatherer and guider. A check signal source is optically connected with the light signal gatherer and guider so that a check signal generated by the ckeck signal source randomly illuminates the check signal entrance location on the outer surface of the light signal gatherer and guider.

Einrichtung zur Messung von Intensitätsunterschieden strahlender Energie.

Appareil pour mesurer la température de couleur d'un rayonnement lumineux.

Sensing System

Described herein is an improved sensing system (30) and its method of operation. The system (30) includes a camera (16) for viewing an external scene, the camera comprising one or more detector(s) and has a field of view (40) which overlaps with the path (32) of a pulsed laser (12). The laser path (32) and radiation from the scene viewed (40) share a beamsplitter (36) and a window (38). In order to substantially reduce back-scattered radiation from the laser path (32) affecting operation of the detector(s) of the camera (16), the detector(s) is (are) switched in accordance with the operation of the laser (12) to be ‘off’ or non-receiving when the laser (12) is ‘on’ or firing.

Optical sensing frame and display device therewith

The present invention relates to display devices, and more particularly to an optical sensing frame in which an infrared sensor module is fastened to a case top with a bracket to secure an assembly margin and prevent the infrared sensor module from mismatching with a liquid crystal display module by relative movement; and a display device therewith, the optical sensing frame includes a case top having a frame shaped upper side, and sides bent and extended from four sides of the upper side perpendicular thereto, first to third brackets fastened to an inside of the upper side of the case top at three corners thereof respectively, and an infrared sensor module placed in each of the first to third brackets.

Sensor circuit and display apparatus

A sensor circuit or a display apparatus from which a highly accurate sensor output can be obtained includes a photodiode (photodetecting element); a capacitor connected to the photodiode via an accumulation node; a reset signal line to which a reset signal is supplied; a readout signal line to which a readout signal is supplied; a thin-film transistor (sensor switching element) that makes the accumulation node and an output line conductive with respect to each other and outputs an output signal according to the potential of the accumulation node; a microswitch that is capable of switching connection and disconnection between the accumulation node and an input electrode and provides connection when a pressure is applied by a touching operation; and a thin-film (control switching element) for switching conduction and non-conduction between the microswitch and the accumulation node.

Photoelectric Conversion Device And Electronic Device Provided With The Photoelectric Conversion Device

An output terminal of a photoelectric conversion element included in the photoelectric conversion device is connected to a drain terminal and a gate terminal of a MOS transistor which is diode-connected, and a voltage V out generated at the gate terminal of the MOS transistor is detected in accordance with a current I p which is generated at the photoelectric conversion element. The voltage V out generated at the gate terminal of the MOS transistor can be directly detected, so that the range of output can be widened than a method in which an output voltage is converted into a current by connecting a load resistor, and so on.

Methods and Apparatus for Estimating Light Adaptation Levels of Persons Viewing Displays

Methods and apparatus for estimating adaptation of the human visual system take into account the distribution of light detectors (rods and cones) in the human eye to weight contributions to adaptation from displayed content and ambient lighting. The estimated adaptation may be applied to control factors such as contrast and saturation of displayed content.

Light sensor having transparent substrate and through-substrate vias

Techniques are described to furnish an IR suppression filter that is formed on a glass substrate to a light sensor. In one or more implementations, a light sensor includes a substrate having a surface. One or more photodetectors are formed in the substrate and configured to detect light and provide a signal in response thereto. An IR suppression filter configured to block infrared light from reaching the surface is formed on a glass substrate. The light sensor also includes a plurality of color pass filters disposed over the surface. The color pass filters are configured to filter visible light to pass light in a limited spectrum of wavelengths to the one or more photodetectors. A buffer layer is disposed over the surface and configured to encapsulate the plurality of color pass filters and adhesion layer. The light sensor further includes through-silicon vias to provide electrical interconnections between different conductive layers.

Photodetection device and optical filter used therein

Two light receiving elements are formed on a support substrate. A first light receiving element is formed of a p-type layer, an n-type layer, a light absorption semiconductor layer, an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a protection film, etc. A second light receiving element is formed of a p-type layer, an n-type layer, a transmissive film, an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a protection film, etc. The light absorption semiconductor layer absorbs light in a wavelength range λ and disposed closer to the light receiving surface than is the pn junction region. The transmissive film has no light absorption range and disposed closer to the light receiving surface than is the pn junction region. The amount of light in the wavelength range λ is measured through computation using a detection signal from the first light receiving element and a detection signal from the second light receiving element.

Systems and methods for sensing light

A device for sensing light comprises a light sensor, one or more intermediate mirrors, a micromirror array including a plurality of independently positionable micromirrors, wherein a first micromirror in the micromirror array is positionable in a first position such that light reflected by the first micromirror while in the first position is reflected toward a first region on one of the one or more intermediate mirrors, wherein the light reflected toward the first region on one of the one or more intermediate mirrors is further reflected to the light sensor, and a lens configured to direct light toward the micromirror array.

Optical sensor and method of manufacturing the optical sensor

An optical sensor has a glass base having a concave portion, and a glass lid is bonded to the base and overlies the concave portion to form an hermetically sealed cavity portion. A photoelectric conversion element is accommodated in the cavity portion. Internal wirings are each connected at one end to the photoelectric conversion element and extend through notches formed in a peripheral edge of the base. The other ends of the internal wirings are connected inside the notches to external wirings that extend along an outside surface of the base and terminate in external terminals.

Toner-Density Calculating Method, Reflective Optical Sensor, Reflective Optical Sensor Device, and Image Forming Apparatus

A toner density is calculated from outputs of light-receiving elements based on a difference between a reflection property of a supporting member and a reflection property of a toner pattern. Light-emitting elements aligned in one direction that is inclined to a sub-direction emit a detection light in such a manner that a distance between adjacent spots falling on the supporting member in a second direction is equal to or smaller than a width of the toner pattern in the second direction. The light-receiving elements receive a reflected light reflected from the supporting member and/or the toner pattern. The light-receiving elements are aligned, opposed to the supporting member, in a one direction corresponding to the light-emitting elements.

Chemical Leak Inspection System

A method of visually detecting a leak of a chemical emanating from a component includes aiming a passive infrared camera system towards the component; filtering an infrared image with an optical bandpass filter, the infrared image being that of the leak; after the infrared image passes through the lens and optical bandpass filter, receiving the filtered infrared image with an infrared sensor device; electronically processing the filtered infrared image received by the infrared sensor device to provide a visible image representing the filtered infrared image; and visually identifying the leak based on the visible image. The passive infrared camera system includes: a lens; a refrigerated portion including the infrared sensor device and the optical bandpass filter (located along an optical path between the lens and the infrared sensor device). At least part of a pass band for the optical bandpass filter is within an absorption band for the chemical.

Flexible lateral pin diodes and three-dimensional arrays and imaging devices made therefrom

Flexible lateral p-i-n (“PIN”) diodes, arrays of flexible PIN diodes and imaging devices incorporating arrays of PIN diodes are provided. The flexible lateral PIN diodes are fabricated from thin, flexible layers of single-crystalline semiconductor. A plurality of the PIN diodes can be patterned into a single semiconductor layer to provide a flexible photodetector array that can be formed into a three-dimensional imaging device.

Unit pixels, depth sensors and three-dimensional image sensors including the same

A unit pixel of a depth sensor includes a light-receiver configured to perform photoelectric conversion of an incident light to output an electrical signal and at least two sensors adjacent to the light-receiver to receive the electrical signal from the light-receiver such that a line connecting the sensors forms an angle greater than zero degrees with respect to a first line, the first line passing through a center of the light-receiver in a horizontal direction.

Omnidirectional Sun Position Sensing Device

A method is provided to track the sun. An omnidirectional sensor is used for acquiring sun's position. The sensor can track sun's position in an omnidirectional way. A controller is also provided to control the tracking. When the sun shines strongly, the sensor is controlled to track the sun's position. When the sun does not shine strongly, the tracking is stopped. Thus, the cost for tracking the sun's position is reduced and accuracy of the tracking is enhanced.

Method and device for optoelectronic sensors with ir blocking filter

Semiconductor structures for optoelectronic sensors with an infrared (IR) blocking filter and methods for using such sensors with post-detection compensation for IR content that passes through the IR blocking filter are provided herein.

Wireless Power Transmission

A system for wireless power transmission may include one or more charging panels and one or more powered devices. The charging panel may include a pilot analysis circuitry, processor and power transmitter. The pilot analysis circuitry may be configured to analyze the magnitude and phase of a pilot signal from the powered device, based on which the processor may be configured to determine a complex conjugate of the pilot signal. And the power transmitter may be configured to cause radiation of a focused wireless power beam to the powered device in accordance with the complex conjugate of the pilot signal and via one or more antenna elements. The charging panel may be one of a plurality of spatially-distributed charging panels each of which includes respective antenna elements that may form an array of antenna elements configured to collaboratively radiate wireless power as a distributed, retro-reflective beamformer.

Processing method and apparatus for energy saving of an active infrared induction instrument powered by a dry battery

An active infrared induction instrument powered by a dry battery capable of reducing power consumption through the adjustment of the emitter pulse width. The infrared emitted LED emits infrared signals, which, after being reflected by an object, are received by the infrared photodiode. The infrared signals received the infrared signals received by the infrared photodiode then enter an integrated circuit chip through a comparator. The pulse widths of the infrared emission pulse signals are dynamically adjusted after the width of the pulse series is received by the discrimination chip, thus reducing the emission power consumption to save energy.

Die-Sized Atomic Magnetometer and Method of Forming the Magnetometer

The cost and size of an atomic magnetometer are reduced by attaching together a first die which integrates together a vapor cell, top and side photo detectors, and processing electronics, a second die which integrates together an optics package and a heater for the vapor cell, and a third die which integrates together a VCSEL, a heater for the VCSEL, and control electronics.

Ultraviolet radiation measurement sensor

A method for measuring radiation of energy photons, such as ultraviolet radiation, on a surface, may include programming at least one transistor by at least transmitting an electric charge to it. The method may further include measuring an electrical quantity of the at least one transistor receiving radiation of energy photons and estimating, based on this electrical quantity, an amount of radiation received.

Moisture sensor and/or defogger with bayesian improvements, and related methods

In certain example embodiments, moisture sensors, defoggers, etc., and/or related methods, are provided. More particularly, certain example embodiments relate to moisture sensors and/or defoggers that may be used in various applications such as, for example, refrigerator/freezer merchandisers, vehicle windows, building windows, etc. When condensation or moisture is detected, an appropriate action may be taken (e.g., actuating windshield wipers, turning on a defroster, triggering the heating of a merchandiser door or window, etc.). Bayesian approaches optionally may be implemented in certain example embodiments in an attempt to improve moisture detection accuracy. For instance, models of various types of disturbances may be developed and, based on live data and a priori information known about the model, a probability of the model being accurate is calculated. If a threshold value is met, the model may be considered a match and, optionally, a corresponding appropriate action may be taken.

Signs-of-deterioration detector for semiconductor laser

A signs-of-deterioration detector for a semiconductor laser includes a first light receiving section that acquires first information relating to an optical output of the semiconductor laser and a second light receiving section that acquires second information relating to an intensity distribution of the emission pattern below the lasing threshold of the semiconductor laser. The detector also includes a holding section that holds the first information and the second information at a predetermined time point T 1 . The detector further includes a deciding section that decides the presence or absence of signs of rapid decrease of the optical output of the semiconductor laser by comparing the first information and the second information at at least one time point Tn (T 1 <Tn), with those at the time point T 1.

Semiconductor device

A semiconductor device includes a pair of sensor units each of which includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a signal holding unit and a transfer unit, and outputs a signal held by the signal holding unit, comprising a control unit including a detector unit, wherein when one of the pair of sensor units operates in a first mode, the other operates in a second mode, the detector unit detects that the output has reached a predetermined value after the one starting a signal transfer, the one ends the signal transfer in response to the detection and determines the held signal, the control unit generates a control signal after that, and the other in the second mode accumulates generated charges and starts a signal transfer in accordance with the control signal, then ends the signal transfer and determines the held signal.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE SENSING APPARATUS WITH INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE SENSORS AND METHOD THEREOF

Disclosure is related to an electromagnetic wave sensing apparatus with integration of multiple sensors, and a method for applying the apparatus. According to one of the embodiments, the method adapted to an electronic wave sensing apparatus includes an initialized step of a host enabled to configure one or more sensors of the electronic wave sensing apparatus. The initialization for those sensors includes one or more setting items selected from resolution, gain, data rate, frequency, and driving current. A next step is to set up a control unit electrically connected with the multiple sensors, and the related setting items are such as output format, output gain, output source, output level, and output driving current. Based on the setting items, the signals will be shaped accordingly and be output. In response to the setting items, the control unit drives one or more internal devices or external devices to function the various applications. 1. A method , adapted to an electronic wave sensing apparatus with integration of multiple sensors , comprising:a host enabled to configure one or more sensors of the electronic wave sensing apparatus with integration of multiple sensors, including one or more setting items selected from resolution, gain, data rate, frequency, and driving current;the host enabled to set up a control unit electrically connected with the multiple sensors, including one or more setting items selected from output format, output gain, output source, output level, and output driving current;the host enabling the control unit and one or more selected sensors according to one or more setting items correspondingly to configure the one or more sensors, and to set up the control unit;in response to the configuration made for the one or more sensors, detecting electromagnetic signals;transmitting electronic signals converted from the electromagnetic signals to the control unit;in response to the setting made fix the control unit, adjusting or converting the ...

Vehicular vision system

A vehicular vision system includes a control and an imager having a lens and a CMOS photosensor array. The imager is disposed at an interior portion of a vehicle and views exterior of the vehicle through a windshield of the vehicle and forward of the vehicle. The control includes an image processor for processing image data captured by the photosensor array. The image processor processes captured image data to detect an object viewed by said imager. The photosensor array may be operable at a plurality of exposure periods that include a first exposure period and a second exposure period, with the time period of exposure of the first exposure period being longer than the time period of exposure of the second exposure period. The imager may be disposed in a module attached at the windshield of the vehicle.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROBING AN OBJECT, MEDIUM OR OPTICAL PATH USING NOISY LIGHT

A method and apparatus for optically probing an object(s) and/or a medium and/or an optical path using noisy light. Applications disclosed include but are not limited to 3D digital camera, detecting material or mechanical properties of optical fiber(s), intrusion detection, and determining an impulse response. In some embodiments, an optical detector is illuminated by a superimposition of a combination of noisy light signals. Various signal processing techniques are also disclosed herein. 1) A method of optically probing an object(s) and/or a medium and/or an optical path including the object(s) or medium , the method comprising:a) illuminating the object(s) or the medium to induce, from the object(s) or medium, one or more noisy light response signals that are randomly or pseudo-randomly modulated;b) receiving into an optical detector an optical superimposition of (i) a source light signal used in step (a) to carry out the illuminating and (ii) one or more of the induced noisy light response signals, thereby illuminating the optical detector so as to generate a combination electrical signal describing the optically superimposed plurality of received noisy light response signals; i) a relationship between power and frequency of the combination electrical signal or a derivative thereof over a discrete or continuous spectrum;', 'ii) a temporal autocorrelation function of the combination electrical signal;', 'iii) a distance parameter(s) involving one or more the objects;', 'iv) a mechanical stress or strain;', 'v) a change in a light propagation time of at least one optical path;', 'vi) a difference in light propagation times of multiple optical paths or a temporal change thereof;', 'vii) mechanical motion of an object; and', 'viii) a material or mechanical property of an optical fiber, at least a portion of which is included in the optical path of step (a)., 'c) determining or characterizing or detecting from the combination electrical signal, at least one of2. ( ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SHADE SELECTION USING A FABRIC BRIGHTNESS FACTOR

Brightness factors associated with shade fabric may be utilized when shading a building. A brightness factor may incorporate an openness factor, a visible light reflectance, a diffusion factor, a color, or other characteristics of the shade fabric. The brightness factor may be utilized when selecting a particular shade fabric for a room, building or other location. Additionally, the brightness factor may be utilized by an automated shade control system. The shade fabric selection may affect the building envelope by facilitating the optimization of daylighting, reduction of artificial electric lighting needs, minimization of glare conditions, and reduction of thermal load. 1. A method , comprising:determining a shade fabric for use in constructing a window covering, wherein the shade fabric is determined based on a brightness factor of the shade fabric, and wherein the brightness factor is based upon an openness factor, a visible light reflectance, and a diffusion factor of the shade fabric; andplacing the window covering between a window and a light source, wherein the window covering is moveable to modify the brightness in a room associated with the window.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the shade fabric based on a brightness factor of the shade fabric comprises:determining an upper bound for the brightness factor of the shade fabric;determining a lower bound for the brightness factor of a shade fabric; andselecting, from a fabric selection guide which provides a listing of brightness factor information for various fabrics, the shade fabric having a brightness factor between the upper bound and the lower bound.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising integrating information about the brightness factor of the shade fabric with an automated shade control system such that the automated shade control system moves the window covering based at least in part on the brightness factor of the shade fabric.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ...

BOLOMETER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a bolometer (10) comprising a substrate (12), a first membrane (16) formed by removing a first sacrificial layer (14) on the substrate (12), the first membrane (16) comprising a measuring element (18) for measuring an amount of incident electromagnetic radiation (R), a second membrane (22) formed by removing a second sacrificial layer (20) on the first membrane (16), the second membrane (22) enclosing the first membrane (16), a first cavity (24) formed between the substrate (12) and the first membrane (16), and a second cavity (26) formed between the first membrane (16) and the second membrane (22). The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a bolometer, as well as a thermographic image sensor and medical device. 110. A bolometer () comprising:{'b': '12', 'a substrate (),'}{'b': 16', '14', '12', '16', '18, 'a first membrane () formed by removing a first sacrificial layer () on the substrate (), the first membrane () comprising a measuring element () for measuring an amount of incident electromagnetic radiation (R),'}{'b': 22', '20', '16', '22', '16, 'a second membrane () formed by removing a second sacrificial layer () on the first membrane (), the second membrane () enclosing the first membrane (),'}{'b': 24', '12', '16, 'a first cavity () formed between the substrate () and the first membrane (), and'}{'b': 26', '16', '22, 'a second cavity () formed between the first membrane () and the second membrane ().'}21616161612161416161214a,bcc. The bolometer of claim 1 , the first membrane () comprising two end portions () where the first membrane () is attached to a planar surface of the substrate () and a middle portion () arranged on the first sacrificial layer () such that the middle portion () of the first membrane () is spaced apart from the planar surface of the substrate () when the first sacrificial layer () is removed.32222222216222022221620a,bcc. The bolometer of claim 1 , the second membrane () ...

System and Method for Nonlinear Optical Devices

Systems for enhancing the sensitivity of detecting an optical signal using nonlinear optics and method of performing the same. In one embodiment, a single-photon detection system includes an optical amplifier realized in a waveguide, and a photodetector coupled to an output of the optical amplifier. A light detection and ranging system includes the optical amplifier coupled to an optical source and one photodetector. In another embodiment, a photodetection system includes a plurality of optical frequency converters, coupled to an optical source, that sequentially convert a wavelength of photons of the optical source to a final wavelength, and a single-photon photodetector coupled to the optical frequency converters to detect single photons produced by the optical source. In another embodiment, an optical sensor includes an optical pump, and a transducer including an optical ring cavity coupled to the optical pump and configured to utilize optical four-wave mixing to detect an external stimulus. 1. A photodetection system , comprising:a cascaded plurality of optical frequency converters coupled to an optical source, each of said plurality of optical frequency converters being configured to sequentially convert a wavelength of photons of said optical source to a final wavelength; anda single-photon photodetector coupled to said plurality of optical frequency converters to detect single photons produced by said optical source.2. The photodetection system as recited in wherein said plurality of cascaded optical frequency converters are configured to produce photons with wavelengths lying in a monotonic sequence from said wavelength of photons produced by said optical source to a wavelength of a final one of said plurality of optical frequency converters.3. The photodetection system as recited in wherein each of said plurality of optical frequency converters are configured to utilize an optical four-wave mixing process.4. The photodetection system as recited in wherein ...

Method for measuring luminance of light-emitting display panel

Disclosed is a method for measuring luminance of each of entire pixels two-dimensionally arranged in a light-emitting display panel at regular intervals, using an image sensor in which light receiving elements are two-dimensionally arranged at regular intervals, the method including: providing an optical lens between the light-emitting display panel and the image sensor, and adjusting distances between the light-emitting display panel, the image sensor, and the optical lens by setting intervals of images of the entire pixels to be N times as large as intervals of the light receiving pixels, where N is a natural number, the images being to be formed on a light receiving surface of the image sensor through the optical lens; displaying, on the light-emitting display panel, a display pattern in which predetermined pixels from among the entire pixels produce a luminescence; and measuring the luminance of the predetermined pixels, using the light receiving elements.

APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE AUTHENTICITY OF VALUE DOCUMENTS

Testing the authenticity of a valuable document, whereby at least one intensity distribution of electromagnetic radiation passing through the valuable document in the dark field is detected in a spatially resolved manner and a spatially resolved dark field characteristic is determined therefrom. The actual authenticity test is then performed by a procedure in which selected test partial regions of the valuable document are assigned respectively to one of a plurality of suspicion classes, an interconnection region is formed from substantially interconnected test partial regions that were assigned to at least one specific suspicion class, and the valuable document, depending on the form and/or position of the interconnection region, is assigned to one of at least two authenticity categories which is linked to the at least one specific suspicion class. 115.-. (canceled)16. A method for checking the authenticity of a value document , involving a capturing and evaluating electromagnetic radiation passing through the value document , comprising the steps:capturing in locally resolved fashion at least one intensity distribution of electromagnetic radiation in dark field and determining a locally resolved dark field characteristic from the at least one captured intensity distribution;assigning selected partial check regions of the value document to respectively one of several preset suspicion classes in dependence on a comparison of a characteristic intensity value of the dark field characteristic of the respective partial check region with at least one upper and lower threshold value;forming an interrelation region by aggregating substantially interrelated partial check regions which have been previously assigned to at least one certain suspicion class;assigning the value document to one of at least two preset authenticity categories linked with the at least one certain suspicion class, in dependence on a form and/or location of the interrelation region.17. The method ...

Sensing/Emitting Apparatus, System and Method

A number of apparatuses are provided, for sensing and/or emitting energy along one or more desired apparatus line of sights (LOS) with respect to the respective apparatus. In an embodiment, an apparatus includes an assembly that is rotatably mounted on a base with respect to a switching axis. The assembly has two or more sensing/emitting units, each having a respective sensing/emitting unit line of sight (ULOS). Each sensing/emitting unit has an operative state, wherein the respective unit ULOS is pointed along a LOS of the apparatus for sensing and/or emitting energy along the LOS, and a corresponding inoperative state, where the respective unit ULOS is pointed along a direction different from this LOS. A switching mechanism enables switching between the sensing/emitting units to selectively bring a desired sensing/emitting unit exclusively into its respective operative state while concurrently bringing a remainder of the sensing/emitting units each to a respective non-operative state. 1. An apparatus for at least one of sensing and emitting energy along an apparatus line of sight (LOS) with respect to said apparatus , comprising:at least two sensing/emitting units, each said unit adapted for at least one of sensing and emitting energy along a respective unit line of sight (ULOS);each sensing/emitting unit having an operative state, wherein the respective ULOS is pointed along said LOS for at least one of sensing and emitting energy, and a corresponding inoperative state, where the ULOS is pointed along a direction different from said LOS;a switching mechanism for switching between said units to selectively bring a desired unit exclusively into its respective operative state while concurrently bringing a remainder of said units each to a respective non-operative state;wherein a first said sensing/emitting unit is configured for at least one of sensing and emitting energy when an operational parameter associated with operation of said device is greater than an ...

Radiation sensor

A radiation sensor of the type having a packaged radiation source and detector, which includes an isolator that blocks propagation within the package of radiation from the source to the detector, in order to improve signal to noise ratio of the sensor. The isolator is formed by appropriately formed surfaces of the package.

Integrating sphere photometer and measuring method of the same

Provided are an integrating sphere photometer and a measuring method of the same. The integrating sphere photometer includes a plurality of photodetectors, an integrating sphere having through-holes formed to correspond to the photodetectors, baffles disposed inside the integrating sphere in front of the photodetectors to be spaced apart from the photodetectors, a photometer disposed at a through-hole, and an adjustment unit adjusting output signals of the photodetectors to have the same output signal with respect to light illuminated from a point-like standard light source disposed at a center region in the integrating sphere.

RESPONSE-ENHANCED MONOLITHIC-HYBRID PIXEL

A light-sensing pixel for detecting at least a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum includes a first detector element having a micro-structured surface for detecting an infrared range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light-sensing pixel further includes a second detector element for detecting a second range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, wherein the second range of wavelengths is shorter than the first range of wavelengths and the first and second detector element are formed monolithically on a silicon substrate. 1. A light-sensing pixel for detecting at least a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum , comprising:a first detector element having a micro-structured surface for detecting an infrared range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum; anda second detector element for detecting a second range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, wherein the second range of wavelengths is shorter than the first range of wavelengths and the first and second detector element are formed monolithically on a silicon substrate.2. The pixel of claim 1 , wherein the micro-structured surface is formed by laser irradiation.3. The pixel of claim 1 , further comprising a collection point for accumulating a first electrical output of the first detector element and a second electrical output of the second detector.4. The pixel of claim 3 , wherein the collection point comprises a single collection capacitor adapted to combine a first current from the first detector and a second current from the second detector to cause an integrated charge on the single collection capacitor.5. The pixel of claim 1 , further comprising a bias point for selectively applying a biasing voltage to the first detector element and capable of affecting the first electrical output of the first detector element claim 1 , wherein the bias point is constructed and arranged to selectively substantially shut off the first electrical output of the first detector ...

Plant observation device and method

A plant observation device measures the growing state of a plant placed in a measurement area and the growth environment in the measurement area while moving within the measurement area where the plant is cultivated. The quantity of light is measured during growth environment measurement, and a light transmitting state of the measurement area is detected based on the measured quantity of light and the time of light quantity measurement. The measured growing state information and growth environment information are transmitted, together with positional information, to a server of a remote monitoring system. The growth environment in the measurement area is then optimally controlled based on the growing state information and the growth environment information.

Apparatus having a controllable filter matrix to selectively acquire different components of solar irradiance

Apparatus and method, as may be used to acquire different components of solar irradiance in a solar-based power generation system or as may be used in a sky imager, are provided. A filter matrix ( 12 ) may be arranged to receive incident solar irradiance. The filter matrix may include an array of pixels ( 20 ) controllable to selectively acquire different components of the solar irradiance. A module, such as a photosensor ( 22 ) or calculator module ( 29 ) may be configured to determine a spatial location of at least one of the irradiance components relative to the array of pixels of the filter matrix. A controller ( 26 ) may be electrically coupled to the module to supply a control signal to the filter matrix based on the determined location of the irradiance component to pass a selected one of the irradiance components.

OPTICAL EXAMINATIONS WITH CONTROLLED INPUT LIGHT

The invention relates to a sensor device () in which the spatial distribution of an input light (L) emission from a light emitting area () of a light source () can selectively be changed. The input light is propagated through an optical system () to produce some output light (L). Changes of the input light are taken into account when the detected output light (L) is evaluated. Thus it is for example possible to detect and/or eliminate optical disturbances occurring in the optical path outside an object region (). The light source () may particularly comprise a plurality of a light emitting segments () that can selectively be switched on or off. 1. An optical sensor device comprising:{'b': '1', 'a light source with an area for emitting “input light” (L), wherein the spatial distribution of the input-light emission from said area can selectively be changed;'}{'b': 1', '2, 'an optical system through which said input light (L) can propagate to yield an emission of “output light” (L);'}{'b': '2', 'a light detector for detecting said output light (L);'}{'b': 2', '1, 'an evaluation unit for evaluating the detected output light (L) while taking changes of the input light (L) into account.'}2. A method for making examinations with an optical sensor device , said method comprising the following steps:{'b': '1', 'emitting “input light” (L) from a light emitting area to yield light source, wherein the spatial distribution of this input-light emission is selectively changed;'}{'b': 1', '2, 'propagating said input light (L) through an optical system to yield an emission of “output light” (L);'}{'b': '2', 'detecting said output light (L) with a light detector;'}{'b': 2', '1, 'evaluating the detected output light (L) with an evaluation unit while taking changes of the input light (L) into account.'}3100200. The sensor device ( claim 1 , ) according to claim 1 ,characterized in that the sensor device comprises a control unit that is coupled to the light source and the evaluation ...

Optical sensor device and method of manufacturing the same

Provided is a high-reliability, compact, and low-cost optical sensor device. The optical sensor device includes a glass lid substrate ( 2 ), a glass substrate ( 9 ) with a cavity having divided and exposed through-hole electrodes ( 5 ) on the periphery thereof, and an optical sensor element ( 3 ) mounted on the glass lid substrate, and has a structure in which the glass lid substrate and the glass substrate with a cavity are bonded together. By hermetically sealing with the glass substrates, high reliability is secured. By using the divided through-hole electrodes, the package size is reduced and the number of devices which can be produced in a batch in the manufacture increases, which enables cost reduction.

OPTICAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems and methods presented herein provide for optical surveillance using modulated lasers, or other forms of light, and optical detection. In one embodiment, an optical surveillance system includes a light source, such as a laser or light emitting diode, and a signal generator operable to modulate the light source. The system also includes a detector operable to detect the modulated light source and a processor communicatively coupled to the detector to distinguish the modulated light source from other detected light based on the modulating waveform of the modulated light source. The processor is also operable to determine a presence of an object between the laser and the detector based on an obscuration of the laser pulses on the detector. 1. An optical surveillance system , comprising:a light source;a signal generator operable to modulate the light source;a detector operable to detect the modulated light source; anda processor communicatively coupled to the detector and operable to distinguish the modulated light source from other detected light based on the modulating waveform of the modulated light source, wherein the processor is further operable to determine a presence of an object between the laser and the detector based on an obscuration of the light source on the detector.2. The optical surveillance system of claim 1 , wherein:the light source is a laser operable to fire laser pulses; andthe signal generator is operable to modulate the pulse repetition frequency of the laser pulses.3. The optical surveillance system of claim 1 , further including:an optical element operable to fan the light.4. The optical surveillance system of claim 1 , wherein:the processor is further operable to determine a location of the object in a fence plane established between the light source and the detector.5. The optical surveillance system of claim 5 , wherein:the processor is further operable to determine a size of the object in the fence plane based on the location of the ...

IMAGING SYSTEM USING OPTICAL FIBER ARRAY INTEGRATED WITH LENSES

Provided is an imaging system using an optical fiber array probe integrated with lenses for emitting light transmitted from a light source to a sample, and guiding light generated from the sample. The imaging system includes an optical fiber array probe integrated with lenses including an optical fiber lens with a lens surface of a predetermined radius of curvature in which one ends of two optical fibers are integrally connected with each other by heating a predetermined region including the one ends of the two optical fibers using a heating means. Therefore, a compact imaging system may be realized while effectively improving optical coupling efficiency through a simple manufacturing process. 1. An imaging system using an optical fiber array probe integrated with lenses , the imaging system comprising:an optical fiber array probe integrated with lenses including optical fiber lenses with a lens surface of a predetermined radius of curvature in which one ends of two optical fibers are integrally connected with each other by heating a predetermined region including the one ends of the two optical fibers using a heating means, as an optical fiber array probe integrated lens for emitting light transmitted from a light source to a sample and guiding light generated from the sample, and capable of being scanned at least in one direction; anda detector selectively detecting light transmitted from the optical fiber array probe integrated with lenses as signals of a predetermined region.2. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the detector includes a filter for allowing a wavelength to be selectively passed.3. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein a system control and display unit for controlling the system and visualizing the detected light is connected to the detector.4. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber array probe integrated with lenses is configured so as to be scanned two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally.5. The imaging system of claim 1 ...

Electronic device capable of detecting ultraviolent radiation and method thereof

An electronic device capable of detecting ultraviolent radiation and a method thereof are provided. The device includes a camera, a voltage-sensitive optical medium, a control switch, and a processor. When the electronic device enters an ultraviolent radiation detecting mode, the camera captures a first image. The processor controls the control switch to create an electrical potential across the optical medium and cause it to become darker after the camera captures the first image. The camera captures a second image after the control switch has allowed an electrical potential for a first preset time interval. The processor acquires reads the respective brightness of the first image and the second image, determines any difference, and determines and outputs the level of intensity of the ultraviolent radiation intensity by reference to a table of differences.

OPTICAL CONTROL SENSOR SYSTEM

A optical control sensor system includes a driver controlling an operation of a light source coupled to an end of an optical fiber, an orthogonal signal generator, generating a set of different orthogonal signals controlling the driver, a terminal sensor coupled to another end of the optical fiber selecting a predetermined set of input orthogonal signals for converting them into component combinations, constituting output signals, and directing the output signals back to the optical fiber, a device coupled to the light sources and to the first end of the optical fiber for extracting output signals that have passed through a return path in the optical fiber, a detector converting optical output signals into electrical signals, and a selector and a decoder connected to the orthogonal signal generator indicating a current state of the optical control sensor system based on an analysis of the selected combinations of components in the output signals. 1. An optical control sensor system comprising:a light source for emitting light;an orthogonal signal generator, generating a set of different orthogonal signals; anda driver for switching frequencies of the set of different orthogonal signals and modulating an intensity of the light.2. The optical control sensor system of claim 1 , further comprising:a optical fiber receiving the light of the light source at a first end thereof;a terminal sensor coupled to a second end of the optical fiber, the terminal sensor selecting a predetermined set of the different orthogonal signals for converting them into component combinations, constituting output signals, and directing the output signals to the second end of the optical fiber;a device coupled to the light sources and to the first end of the optical fiber for extracting the output signals that have passed through a return path in the optical fiber;a detector converting the output signals into a plurality of electrical signals; anda selector and a decoder connected to the ...

TOUCH-SENSITIVE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTION OF TOUCH

The present invention relates to a method and a device for detection of position of touch. The device comprises a waveguide, at least one light source, and at least one detector device. The waveguide has a touch-surface with a surface structure defining a pattern that defines active surface areas and passive surface areas. The pattern is distributed such that an object that contacts a first area will cause a different disturbance of light than an object that contacts a second area, and such that correct positions of a plurality of concurrent touches may be deduced. 1. A device comprising a waveguide , at least one light source for emitting first light , and at least one detector device for detecting first light , the waveguide being adapted to guide first light across at least a first part of the waveguide from a first end of the first part towards a second end of the first part , the waveguide having a touch-surface with a surface structure defining a pattern that defines active surface areas and passive surface areas , the pattern being distributed such that for a first area of the touch-surface and a second area of the touch-surface , which second area has an outline that is identical with the outline of the first area , and which second area is displaced along the direction of the first light from the first end to the second end , an object that only contacts the entire first area will cause a different disturbance of first light than an object that only contacts the entire second area when first light is guided by the waveguide from the first end towards the second end.2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is further adapted to guide second light across at least the first part of the waveguide from a third end of the first part towards a fourth end of the first part claim 1 , the pattern being distributed such that for a third area of the touch-surface claim 1 , which third area has an outline that is identical with the outline of the first ...

Method and Device for Measuring a Difference in Illumination

A device for detecting a difference in illumination may include at least two adjacent photoelectric sensor element groups on which light falls during an adjustable illumination time, said light being converted to a quantity of electric charge, which corresponds to the quantity of light falling on each sensor element group during the illumination time, and having a detector, which detects a minimum charge of the charge quantities generated by both photoelectric sensor element groups and subtracts said minimum charge from both photoelectric sensor element groups. The device can be used in a variety of applications, e.g., for digital cameras and medical devices. Wavelet coefficients can be generated directly using metrological and sensory means and may be available for further signal processing. 1. A method for measuring a difference in illumination , comprising:(a) illuminating two adjacent photoelectric sensor element groups with light during an illumination time, said sensor element groups converting the light in each instance to a quantity of electric charge, which corresponds to the quantity of light striking the respective sensor element group during the illumination time; and(b) discharging both adjacent photoelectric sensor element groups during the illumination time such that the photoelectric sensor element group that light strikes with a lower light intensity than the other photoelectric sensor element group has no electric charge and the other photoelectric sensor element group has a quantity of electric charge that corresponds to a difference in illumination between the quantities of light striking the two adjacent sensor element groups.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two adjacent photoelectric sensor element groups are discharged continuously or discontinuously with the same charge value at the same time during the illumination time.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising taking out electric charge components regularly at predetermined time intervals ...

REFLECTIVE OPTICAL SENSOR AND IMAGE FORMING DEVICE INCORPORATING THE SAME

A reflective optical sensor includes a light emitting element to irradiate a target object with a light beam, a light receiving element to receive the light beam reflected by the surface of the target object, a circuit board on which the light emitting element and light receiving element are mounted, a cover element supported on the circuit board to surround the light emitting element and light receiving element, and a light shielding wall provided in the cover element to be a partition between the light emitting element and light receiving element to prevent a part of the light beam from the light emitting element from leaking to the light receiving element. A layer in a certain thickness is formed on the surface of the circuit board along either or both sides of the light shielding wall. 1. A reflective optical sensor comprising:a light emitting element to irradiate a target object with a light beam;a light receiving element to receive the light beam reflected by a surface of the target object;a circuit board on which the light emitting element and light receiving element are mounted;a cover element supported on the circuit board to surround the light emitting element and light receiving element; anda light shielding wall provided in the cover element to be a partition between the light emitting element and light receiving element, and positioned to contact a surface of the circuit board at one end or not to contact the surface at one end with a minute gap, to prevent a part of the light beam from the light emitting element from leaking to the light receiving element, the one end being an end close to the circuit board, whereina layer in a certain thickness is formed on the surface of the circuit board along either or both sides of the light shielding wall.2. A reflective optical sensor according to claim 1 , wherein:the layer is a silkscreen layer formed by silkscreen printing;a surface of the silkscreen layer is located at a higher position than the one end of ...

WAVELENGTH DETECTOR AND WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION SYSTEM

the wavelength detector includes a diffusion element that diffuses the laser beam; a light collection optical system provided downstream from the diffusion element; a member, including an aperture, provided downstream from the light collection optical system; a discharge tube that is provided downstream from the member and that includes a cylindrical anode and a cylindrical cathode that each have a through-hole formed therein, and that is configured so that an electrical property between the anode and the cathode changes due to an opto-galvanic effect when a laser beam having a predetermined wavelength passes through the through-hole of the cathode in a state in which a DC voltage is applied to the anode; and a high-voltage DC power source. The discharge tube is disposed so that the laser beam that passes through the aperture passes through the through-hole of the cathode of the discharge tube without directly irradiating the cathode. 1. A wavelength detector that detects a wavelength of a laser beam outputted from an ultra violet laser device , the wavelength detector comprising:a diffusion element that diffuses the laser beam;a light collection optical system provided downstream from the diffusion element;a member, including an aperture, provided downstream from the light collection optical system;a discharge tube that is provided downstream from the member and that includes a cylindrical anode and a cylindrical cathode that each have a through-hole formed therein, and that is configured so that an electrical property between the anode and the cathode changes due to an opto-galvanic effect when a laser beam having a predetermined first wavelength passes through the through-hole of the cathode in a state in which a DC voltage is applied to the anode; anda high-voltage DC power source configured so as to apply a DC voltage to the anode,wherein the discharge tube is disposed so that the laser beam that passes through the aperture passes through the through-hole of ...

OPTICAL DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Optical detectors and associated systems and methods are generally described. In certain embodiments, the optical detectors comprise nanowire-based single-photon detectors, including those with advantageous geometric configurations. 1. An optical detector , comprising: the width of the nanowire is about 50 nm or less, and', 'the nanowire is configured such that a detectable signal can be produced when the nanowire interacts with a single photon and an electrical current is applied through the nanowire., 'a nanowire comprising a length, a width, and a thickness, and comprising a material that is electrically superconductive under at least some conditions, wherein2. The optical detector of claim 1 , comprising a substrate on which the nanowire is supported.3. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the nanowire is about 6 nm or greater.4. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the nanowire is from about 6 nm to about 20 nm.56-. (canceled)7. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the width of the nanowire is from about 8 nm to about 50 nm.8. (canceled)9. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the width of the nanowire to the thickness of the nanowire is about 3 or less.10. (canceled)11. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the nanowire comprises a plurality of substantially equally spaced elongated portions defining a period claim 1 , and the period is equal to or less than about 5 times the width of the nanowire.1214-. (canceled)15. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to detect at least one wavelength of infrared electromagnetic radiation claim 1 , as measured in a vacuum.16. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the material that is electrically superconductive under at least some conditions comprises niobium.17. The optical detector of claim 1 , wherein the material that is electrically superconductive under at least some conditions comprises at least one of NbN claim ...

PHOTODETECTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT

A photodetector control circuit in a photodetector for detecting light from a photodiode using a phototransistor and controls drive of the photodiode and detection of a current of the phototransistor has a received light amount detecting unit that detects a detection current, which flows through the phototransistor in accordance with a received light amount, by converting the detection current into a detection voltage, and compares the detection voltage with a reference voltage detected during reception of a reference light amount, to thereby detect a change in the received light amount, a diode current control unit for controlling a diode current that is caused to flow through the photodiode, and a control unit that detects a temperature based on a forward drop voltage of the photodiode and estimates a current change rate of the phototransistor based on the detected temperature. 1. A photodetector control circuit , which is provided in a photodetector for detecting light from a photodiode using a phototransistor , and which controls drive of the photodiode and detection of a current of the phototransistor , the photodetector control circuit comprising:a received light amount detecting unit that detects a detection current, which flows through the phototransistor in accordance with a received light amount, by converting the detection current into a detection voltage, and compares the detection voltage with a reference voltage detected during reception of a reference light amount, to thereby detect a change in the received light amount;a diode current control unit for controlling a diode current that is caused to flow through the photodiode;a control unit that detects a temperature based on a forward drop voltage of the photodiode, estimates a current change rate of the phototransistor based on the detected temperature, multiplies the estimated change rate by a preset coefficient to thereby convert the phototransistor current change rate into a diode current change ...

DOCUMENT PHOTOSENSOR OF SURFACE-MOUNTED ELEMENTS

A document photosensor is provided which comprises a substrate , a bracket disposed on substrate for forming a light diffusion chamber and a light receiving chamber separated from each other, an LED chip surface-mounted on substrate in light diffusion chamber , and a PD chip surface-mounted on substrate in light receiving chamber . These chips and are secured at precise locations on a substrate and with accuracy on the order of a few micrometers or less to exactly detect by PD chip a light irradiated from LED chip or after reflection of the light on a bill moved along a passageway to improve validation performance of bill 115-. (canceled)16. A document photosensor comprising: a substrate , a bracket disposed on the substrate for forming a light diffusion chamber and a light receiving chamber separated from each other , a light emitting element surface-mounted on the substrate in the light diffusion chamber , and a light receiving element surface-mounted on the substrate in the light receiving chamber.17. The document photosensor of claim 16 , wherein a light emitted from the light emitting element passes the light diffusion chamber claim 16 , is reflected on a document moved along a passageway claim 16 , and then is received by the light receiving element in the light receiving chamber.18. The document photosensor of claim 16 , wherein the light emitting element has one terminal secured on and electrically connected to an emission electrode formed on the substrate claim 16 ,the light receiving element has one terminal secured on and electrically connected to an acceptance electrode,the emission electrode and acceptance electrode are deployed in alignment on an array line perpendicular to a moved direction of the document in the passageway.19. The document photosensor of claim 16 , further comprising an aspheric lens supported on the bracket opposite to the light emitting and receiving elements.20. The document photosensor of claim 19 , wherein a light emitted from ...

Frequency selective electromagnetic detector

An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for a frequency selective electromagnetic detector. In particular, the frequency selective electromagnetic detector includes a nanowire array constructed from a plurality of nanowires of different compositions. At least one nanoparticle-sized diameter thermoelectric junction is formed between the nanowires of different compositions. When a nanoparticle-sized diameter thermoelectric junction senses a photon, the nanoparticle-sized diameter thermoelectric junction emits an electrical pulse voltage that is proportional to an energy level of the sensed photon. In one or more embodiments, the frequency selective electromagnetic detector is a frequency selective optical detector that is used to sense photons having optical frequencies. In at least one embodiment, at least one of the nanowires in the nanowire array is manufactured from a compound material including Bismuth (Bi) and Tellurium (Te).

OPTICAL COUPLING DEVICE

An optical coupling device includes a first lead part, a light emitting element mounted on the first lead part, a first wire connected to the first lead part and the light emitting element, a second lead part, a light receiving element fixed to the second lead part, a second wire connected to the second lead part and the light receiving element, and an insulating film configured to allow passage of light emitted from the light emitting element. The insulating film does not make contact with the first lead part, the light emitting element, the first wire, the second lead part, the light receiving element, or the second wire. 1. An optical coupling device comprising:a first lead part;a light emitting element mounted on the first lead part;a first wire connected to the first lead part and the light emitting element;a first transparent resin body which covers the light emitting element and the first wire and which allows transmission light emitted from the light emitting element therethrough;a second lead part;a light receiving element fixed to the second lead part;a second wire connected to the second lead part and the light receiving element;an insulating film, which allows transmission of light emitted from the light emitting element therethrough, and which is disposed intermediate of the first and the second transparent resin bodies, such that it does not contact the first lead part, the light emitting element, the first wire, the second lead part, the light receiving element, and the second wire; anda light blocking resin body which surrounds the first transparent resin body, the second transparent resin body and the insulating film, and which is configured to block the light emitted from the light emitting element, whereinthe first lead part includes a plate-shaped first mount bed on which the light emitting element is mounted;the second lead part includes a plate-shaped second mount bed that to which the light receiving element is fixed;the first mount bed, the ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING A RADIATION CHARACTERISTIC FOR AN ILLUMINATION DEVICE OF A VEHICLE

A method for determining a radiation characteristic for a vehicle illumination device to be produced from possible radiation characteristics based on a parameter is provided. The parameter is selected from an illumination geometry that can be generated by the device in a surroundings of the device, a device position, and a person-related type of perception. The method includes determining a first value of a light intensity that can be generated for a first point located within an illuminatable area based on the parameter. A second value of the light intensity that can be generated by the illumination device is determined for second points based on the first value. The second points are arranged in the surroundings of the illumination device. A light distribution that can be generated by the illumination device is determined based on the first and second values and the light distribution is outputted to an interface. 1. A method for determining a radiation characteristic for an illumination device of a vehicle to be produced from a plurality of possible radiation characteristics based on at least one parameter , wherein the at least one parameter is selected from a group consisting of an illumination geometry that can be generated by the illumination device in a surroundings of the illumination device , a position of the illumination device on the vehicle , and a person-related type of perception of a generated illumination geometry , wherein the method comprises the steps of:determining a first value of a light intensity that can be generated for at least one first point located within an illuminable area that can be illuminated by the illumination device, based on the at least one parameter;determining a second value of the light intensity that can be generated by the illumination device for each point of a plurality of second points, based on the first value of the light intensity, wherein the plurality of second points is arranged in the surroundings of the ...

Photoelectric conversion element and photoelectric conversion element array

A photoelectric conversion element which converts incident light to an electrical signal and detects the signal, the element including: a lower electrode; an insulating layer, provided on the lower electrode; a light-receiving section, which is provided on the insulating layer and receives incident light on the surface; and a groove-like slit, provided such that the insulating layer is exposed from a surface of the light-receiving section, wherein the incident light is converted by the slit to surface plasmons which are wave-guided along the insulating layer, and the surface plasmon is detected as an electrical signal between the light-receiving section and the lower electrode.

Transmitting Light with Lateral Variation

Input light, such as from an optical sensor or stimulus-wavelength converter, includes one or more light or dark sub-bands. The input light is transmitted, such as through a transmissive layer or transmission component, to obtain effects due to transmission with lateral variation. A detector can, for example, obtain spectral information or other photon energy information about the sub-bands due to lateral variation. For each light or dark sub-band, a transmission component can, for example, provide a respective light or dark spot, and spot position can be used to obtain spectral information such as absolute wavelength or wavelength change. A photosensing component can sense or detect transmitted light or output photons, such as with a photosensor array or a position-sensitive detector. Circuitry can use photosensed quantities to obtain, e.g. a differential signal or information about time of wavelength change. 1. A detection system , comprising: a transmission component that includes at least one layer with laterally varying transmission properties, the transmission component configured to, when illuminated with input light, output one or more sub-bands of optical wavelengths at respective positions along an output surface of the transmission component, including at least a first sub-band output at a first position of the transmission component output surface and a second sub-band output at a second position of the transmission component output surface; and', 'a photosensing component configured to receive the one or more sub-bands of optical wavelengths output by the transmission component and to generate signals in response to the one or more sub-bands of optical wavelengths, including generating a first signal responsive to the first sub-band and the second sub-band; and, 'a detector comprising at least one layer, the detector includingcircuitry configured to determine changes in the first and second signals over time and to generate an output signal that ...

OPTICAL SENSOR

A monitor-light-emitting device and multiple light-emitting devices are mounted on a board, and a light-guiding member is disposed in front of these devices. Monitor light emitted from the monitor-light-emitting device is directly supplied to a light receiving device. Part of light emitted from the multiple light-emitting devices is incident on the light-guiding member and is used as reference light. The reference light is received by the light receiving device. Reflected detection light that has been reflected off a target object located in front of the optical sensor is transmitted through the light-guiding member and is received by the light receiving device. A condenser is disposed in front of the light receiving device and the reference light or the reflected detection light is efficiently supplied to the light receiving device. 1. An optical sensor comprising:a monitor-light-emitting device that emits light at a first timing;an emitting device that emits light at a second timing different from the first timing;a light receiving device arranged adjacent to the monitor-light-emitting device and the light-emitting device; anda light-guiding member disposed in front of the light-emitting device and the light receiving device;wherein reference light corresponding to the light emitted from the light-emitting device propagates through the light-guiding member and is received by the light receiving device;wherein light emitted from the light-emitting device is transmitted through the light-guiding member, and is reflected by a target object located in front of the optical sensor, and is guided back by the light-guiding member to the light receiving device;wherein a visor portion is disposed between the monitor-light-emitting device and the light-guiding member, such that light emitted from the monitor-light-emitting device is directly incident on the light receiving device; andwherein presence or absence of target object is determined based on a measured amount of ...

Mobile terminal

A mobile terminal may be provided that includes a case having a through window formed in front of the case, an optical sensor arranged in the case toward the through window, a glass formed of an opaque material to cover the through window of the case, and a window layer disposed on a behind face of the glass, with a fine hole formed above the optical sensor.

RESONATOR CONTROL APPARATUS

According to one embodiment, a resonator control apparatus includes: a first light source that outputs resonance light λ; a second light source that outputs first control light λ; a third light source that outputs second control light λof a visible wavelength region or a near-infrared wavelength region; a pair of high reflective mirrors whose resonator length is set to ()×−(wavelength of the resonance light λ×integer); a photodetector that monitors transmitted light from the mirror pair; an integrator that captures and integrates two signals detected by the photodetector; a resonator length control unit that controls the resonator length of the mirror pair; and a driver that applies, to the resonator length control unit, a voltage that is calculated by capturing an output signal from the integrator in such a way as to maximize transmittance detected by the photodetector. 1. A resonator control apparatus , comprising:{'sub': '0', 'a first light source that outputs resonance light λof a middle-infrared wavelength region or a THz wavelength region;'}{'sub': '1', 'a second light source that outputs first control light λof a visible wavelength region or a near-infrared wavelength region;'}{'sub': '2', 'a third light source that outputs second control light λof a visible wavelength region or a near-infrared wavelength region;'}{'sub': '0', 'a pair of high reflective mirrors whose resonator length is set to (½)×−(wavelength of the resonance light λ×integer);'}{'sub': 1', '2, 'a photodetector that monitors transmitted light of the first control light λand second control light λtransmitted from the mirror pair;'}an integrator that captures and integrates two signals detected by the photodetector;a resonator length control unit that controls the resonator length of the mirror pair; anda driver that applies, to the resonator length control unit, a voltage that is calculated by capturing an output signal from the integrator and performing a feedback operation in such a way as ...

Providing image data

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method of providing image data for constructing an image of a region of a target object ( 40 ) comprising providing incident radiation from a radiation source at a target object ( 40 );detecting, by at least one detector ( 50 ), a portion of radiation scattered by the target object; and providing image data via an iterative process responsive to the detected radiation ( 340 ), wherein said iterative process comprises estimating a wave front of scattered radiation at a plane of the detector, updating a portion of the wave front based on the detected radiation, leaving a portion of the estimated wave front substantially unchanged, setting a portion of the wave front, corresponding to a portion of radiation scattered by the target object and not detected by the detector, to one or more values, and providing image data based upon the updated wave front.

REFLECTING MEMBER AND FLAME SENSOR

A reflecting member made from a tube-shaped member has an inner peripheral surface that structures a reflecting surface on an axis of the tube-shaped member. A slope, relative to the axis, of a tangent line of the inner peripheral surface in a cross-sectional plane containing the axis changes monotonically along the axis. In relation to a target facing a smaller opening of the tube-shaped member, at a specific distance therefrom, and having a flat region perpendicular to the axis and axially symmetrical relative to the axis, of an electromagnetic radiation incident along the axis from a larger opening of the tube-shaped member, that radiation reflected at a specific location on the larger opening side is incident on one end side of the flat region, and that radiation reflected at a specific location on the smaller opening side is incident on the other end side of the flat region. 1: A reflecting member made from a tube-shaped member having an inner peripheral surface , the reflecting member comprising:a reflecting surface structured with the inner peripheral surface formed symmetrically on an axis of the tube-shaped member, whereina slope, relative to the axis, of a tangent line of the inner peripheral surface in a cross-sectional plane that contains the axis changes monotonically along the axis, andin relation to a target that is positioned facing a smaller opening of the tube-shaped member, positioned at a specific distance of separation therefrom, and having a flat region that is perpendicular to the axis and that is axially symmetrical relative to the axis, of an electromagnetic radiation that is incident along the axis from a larger opening of the tube-shaped member and is reflected by the inner peripheral surface, that electromagnetic radiation that is reflected at a specific location on the larger opening side is incident on one end side of the flat region, and that electromagnetic radiation that is reflected from a specific location on the smaller opening ...

DYNAMIC FIELD MONITORING SYSTEM IN INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY BEAMS

Systems and method for monitoring an actual shape of a radiation therapy beam. The radiation therapy beam passes through a scintillation sheet. A light field emitted by the scintillation sheet is captured by a camera. Image data captured by the camera is processed to generate a processed image of the actual shape of the radiation therapy beam. The processed image of the actual shape of the radiation therapy beam may be compared to a programmed shape of the radiation therapy beam. 1. A method for monitoring an actual shape of a radiation beam during a modulated radiotherapy session , the method comprising:applying, by a treatment machine, the radiation beam to a scintillation sheet;capturing, by a camera, an image of a scintillating light field on the scintillation sheet;transmitting the image to a processing circuit;performing, by the processing circuit, image processing on the image; andgenerating a processed image of the actual shape of the radiation beam.2. The method of wherein the image processing comprises:correcting, by the processing circuit, a shape of the image transmitted by the camera;correcting, by the processing circuit, an intensity of the image transmitted by the camera; andperforming, by the processing circuit, an image segmentation of the image transmitted by the camera.3. The method of further comprising generating display data configured to display the processed image on a user interface.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein displaying processed image on the user interface is done in substantially real time providing a continuous image of the radiation beam shape.5. The method of further comprising generating display data configured to display a programmed shape of the radiation beam on the user interface.6. The method of further comprising:comparing the processed image of the actual shape and the programmed shape of the radiation beam;calculating a discrepancy between the processed image of the actual shape and the programmed shape of the radiation ...

White LED Quality Inspection Method and Device

A white LED quality inspection method includes steps as follows. A steady current is supplied to a LED by a rated voltage supply unit for generation of a stable light spot from the LED; a stable light spot is received by a photosensor of a luminous intensity sensing unit and transformed to digital information; the digital information is received by a preprocessing unit and transformed to pixel information; the pixel information is received by a calculation unit to calculate a Yellow Ring Index of each pixel in the pixel information.

LIGHT DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC MEASUREMENT METHOD

A light distribution characteristic measurement apparatus for measuring the light distribution characteristic of a light source is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of detectors arranged so that they have a predetermined relative relationship with each other. One detector has a detection range at least partially overlapping a detection range of another detector adjacent to the former detector. The apparatus further includes a drive unit that drives a plurality of detectors as one unit to update a positional relationship of the plurality of detectors relative to the light source, and a calculation unit that calculates the light distribution characteristic of the light source by performing a process depending on at least one of a relative relationship between a plurality of detectors and overlapping of respective detection ranges thereof, based on respective results of detection that have been acquired by the plurality of detectors at the same timing. 1. A light distribution characteristic measurement apparatus for measuring a light distribution characteristic of a light source , comprising:a plurality of detectors arranged so that said detectors have a predetermined relative relationship with each other, one detector having a detection range at least partially overlapping a detection range of another detector adjacent to said one detector;a drive unit configured to drive said plurality of detectors as one unit to update a positional relationship of said plurality of detectors relative to said light source; anda calculation unit configured to calculate the light distribution characteristic of said light source by performing a process depending on at least one of the relative relationship between said plurality of detectors and overlapping of respective detection ranges of said plurality of detectors, based on respective results of detection that have been acquired by said plurality of detectors at the same timing.2. The light distribution characteristic ...

Lithographic Method and Apparatus

A method and apparatus are provided for determining apodization properties of a projection system in a lithographic apparatus. The method comprises allowing light from a given point in an illumination field to pass through the projection system along at least three different optical paths, and then determining the difference in the intensity of light received in a projection field from the two different optical paths, and calculating apodization properties of the projection system from the intensity difference. It is not necessary to know the intensity distribution in the illumination field. To provide the different optical paths a pinhole reticle provided with wedges of different orientations is used. 1. A method of determining apodization properties of an optical system comprising an illumination system and a projection system , the method comprising:allowing light from a given point in an illumination field to pass through the projection system along at least a first optical path, a second optical path and a third optical path,determining a first difference in intensity of light received in a projection field from the first optical path and the second optical path,determining a second difference in intensity of light received in the projection field from the first optical path and the third optical path, andcalculating apodization properties of the projection system from the first difference in intensity of light and the second difference in intensity of light.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein light is allowed to pass through the projection system from a plurality of points disposed in a first direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the system.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least first optical path claim 1 , second optical path and third optical path are created by interposing optical elements between the illumination system and the projection system.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the optical elements comprise optical wedges with different ...

RADIATION DETECTION

A method of and device for processing a radiation pulse are described based on: detecting an event at the detector; producing a pulse; determining for the pulse: a pulse height measurement representative of pulse magnitude; a pulse width measurement representative of pulse duration; assigning the pulse to one of at least two classes based on the determined pulse height/pulse width; applying to each pulse an algorithm specific to its particular class to produce an output pulse height/pulse width profile. 1. A method of processing of detected radiation data from a semiconductor detector device comprising the steps of;detecting an event at the detector;producing a pulse; a pulse height measurement representative of pulse magnitude; and', 'a pulse width measurement representative of pulse duration;, 'determining for the pulseassigning the pulse to one of at least two classes based on the determined pulse height/pulse width;applying to each pulse an algorithm specific to its particular class to produce an output pulse height/pulse width profile.2. A method in accordance with further comprising the step of using the output pulse height and/or width so produced for further processing.3. A method in accordance with wherein the at least two classes are defined by defining bounding conditions around regions in pulse height/pulse width space.4. A method in accordance with wherein pulses are assigned as follows:(i) a first class if the pulse height/pulse width is within a threshold range of a first notional bounding condition of pulse height/pulse width values;(ii) subject to (iii) below, a second class if the pulse height/pulse width is outside the threshold range;(iii) optionally, a third class if a pulse height/pulse width otherwise in compliance with (ii) above fails to meet an acceptance criterion; (a) if the pulse is assigned to the first class, applying a first algorithm to produce an output pulse height/pulse width profile, and using the pulse height and/or width so ...

PLASMA PANEL BASED RADIATION DETECTOR

A position-sensitive radiation counting detector includes a first and a second substrate. A gas is contained within the gap between the substrates. A photocathode layer is coupled to the first substrate and faces the second substrate. A first electrode is coupled to the second substrate and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the first electrode. A first impedance is coupled to the first electrode and a power supply is coupled to at least one electrode. A first discharge event detector is coupled to one of the electrodes for detecting a gas discharge event in the electrode. The radiation counting detector further includes a plurality of pixels, each capable of outputting a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with radiation received from the photocathode. Each gas discharge pulse is counted as having an approximately equal value. 1. A radiation counting detector comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate generally parallel to said first substrate and forming a gap with said first substrate;a gas contained within said gap;a photocathode layer coupled to said first substrate and facing said second substrate;at least one first electrode coupled to said second substrate;at least one second electrode electrically coupled to said first electrode;a first impedance coupled to said first electrode;a second impedance coupled to said second electrode;a power supply coupled to at least one of said electrodes;a first discharge event detector coupled to said first impedance;a second discharge event detector coupled to said second impedance; anda plurality of pixels, each pixel capable of outputting a gas discharge pulse upon interaction with radiation received from said photocathode.2. The radiation counting detector of claim 1 , wherein said first electrode and said second electrode are electronically coupled to define each pixel.3. The radiation counting detector of claim 2 , wherein said first electrode is an X-electrode and said second electrode ...

EMISSIVE ARYL-HETEROARYL COMPOUNDS

Disclosed herein are compounds represented by Formula 1, wherein R, Ar, X, Ar, Ar, and Het are described herein. Compositions and light-emitting devices related thereto are also disclosed. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein le is optionally substituted carbazolyl claim 1 , optionally substituted carbazolylphenoxy claim 1 , optionally substituted diphenyl amine claim 1 , optionally substituted diphenylaminophenoxy claim 1 , or Calkoxy.4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Aris optionally substituted p-interphenylene.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Ar claim 1 , Ar claim 1 , and Aris unsubstituted p-interphenylene.6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X is O.7. The compound of claim 6 , wherein Z is NRand Ris optionally substituted phenyl.8. The compound of claim 7 , wherein Ris optionally substituted diphenyl amine.9. The compound of claim 7 , wherein Ris optionally substituted carbazolyl.10. The compound of claim 7 , wherein Ris optionally substituted p-carbazolylphenoxy.11. The compound of claim 7 , wherein Ris optionally substituted p-diphenylaminophenoxy.12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X is a single bond.13. The compound of claim 12 , wherein Aris a single bond.14. The compound of claim 13 , wherein Ris optionally substituted diphenyl amine.15. The compound of claim 13 , wherein Ris optionally substituted carbazolyl.16. The compound of claim 12 , wherein Aris p-interphenylene having 0 claim 12 , 1 claim 12 , 2 claim 12 , 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from Calkyl and F.17. The compound of claim 16 , wherein Ris optionally substituted diphenyl amine.18. The compound of claim 16 , wherein Ris optionally substituted carbazolyl.20. A compound represented by a formula:{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '1', '2', '3, 'R—Ar—X—AR—Ar-Het'}{'sub': '1-10', 'wherein le is Calkoxy, substituted carbazolyl, substituted diphenylamino, optionally substituted carbazolylphenoxy, or optionally substituted diphenylaminophenoxy;'}{'sup': '1', 'Aris ...

Ultraviolet monitoring systems, methods, and devices

In embodiments, a control system for a UV air treatment system, especially one used for cleaning a fume stream such as in a kitchen exhaust system, detects a need for cleaning maintenance on the UV light source based on changes in light intensity. The system further detects the light intensity each time the UV light source is cleaned to determine if the drop in intensity after cleaning indicates that the UV light source should be replaced. The cleaning and replacement requirements are indicated automatically by a user interface.

Systems and methods for simulated preview for preferred image exposure

Systems and methods for simulating an image exposure capture a first set of images of a scene; and generate a flash preview image based on the first set of images, an estimated scene spectral reflectance, an estimated spectral power distribution of the scene, and one or more flash device settings, wherein the flash preview image approximates a brightness and a color appearance of a final image of the scene captured while the scene is illuminated by a flash device according to the one or more flash device settings

OPTICAL ANALYSIS METHOD AND OPTICAL ANALYSIS DEVICE USING THE DETECTION OF LIGHT FROM A SINGLE LIGHT-EMITTING PARTICLE

In the scanning molecule counting method using the light measurement with a confocal microscope or a multiphoton microscope, a measuring time is optimized with suppressing the scattering in a result small irrespective of light-emitting particle concentrations. In the inventive technique of detecting and analyzing the light from an light-emitting particle, there are repeated processes of detecting the light intensity from a light detection region with moving the position of the light detection region of an optical system in a sample solution by changing the optical path of the optical system of the microscope, and detecting the signals of the light of light-emitting particles individually, and based on the time taken for the number of the signals from the light-emitting particles to reach a predetermined number, the light-emitting particle concentration in the sample solution is determined. 1. A method of detecting and analyzing light from a light-emitting particle dispersed and moving at random in a sample solution using an optical system of a confocal microscope or a multiphoton microscope , comprising: repeating(a) moving a position of a light detection region of the optical system in the sample solution by changing an optical path of the optical system;(b) detecting light from the light detection region with moving the position of the light detection region in the sample solution; and(c) detecting step of detecting a signal from each light-emitting particle individually from the detected light;until the number of the signals from the light-emitting particles reaches to a predetermined number; and determining a concentration of the light-emitting particle in the sample solution based on a time taken for the number of the signals from the light-emitting particles to reaches the predetermined number.2. The method of claim 1 , repeating the steps (a) claim 1 , (b) and (c) every predetermined interval in a period until the number of the signals from the light-emitting ...

ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR DETECTING AND INDICATING LASER RADIATION

The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for detecting and indicating laser radiation comprising a laser device () producing the laser radiation, such as rotation lasers or line lasers, and an indicating device () with at least one laser beam detector and at least one indicating element () which indicates the detected laser radiation. In order to precisely indicate the position of the laser radiation to be detected using uncomplicated circuitry, it is proposed that the at least one laser beam detector and the at least one indicating element are the same component in form of an LED (). 13622262830262830. An arrangement for detecting and indicating laser radiation , comprising a laser device () generating the laser radiation , such as rotation lasers or line lasers , and an indicating device () with at least one laser beam detector and at least one indicating element ( , , ) indicating the detected laser radiation , characterized in that the at least one laser beam detector and the at least one indicating element are the same component in form of an LED ( , , ).2. The arrangement according to claim 1 ,characterized in{'b': 22', '26', '28', '30, 'that the indicating device () comprises several LEDs (, , ) which are arranged along at least one straight line.'}3. The arrangement according to claim 2 ,characterized in{'b': 26', '28', '30, 'that the LEDs (, , ) are arranged along at least two straight lines running reciprocally parallel and are arranged reciprocally offset.'}43836. A method for detecting laser radiation () emitted from a laser device () claim 2 , such as rotation lasers or line lasers and indicating the detected laser radiation claim 2 , characterized in{'b': 26', '28', '30, 'that the same component in form of an LED (, , ) is used for detecting and indicating the laser radiation.'}5. The method according to claim 4 ,characterized in{'b': 36', '38', '26', '28', '30, 'that a laser device () is used, by means of which a pulsed or which is ...

LIGHT EMISSION DETECTION DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A light emission detection device having a flow path from which light to be detected is emitted is provided. The device includes a detection-side substrate having a joining surface and a detection surface provided opposite the joining surface, the joining surface having a depression and a light-shielding film provided over an area excluding the depression, the depression forming the flow path, the detection surface transmitting the light emitted from the flow path; and a wiring-side substrate having a joining surface and a conductive pattern provided with a varying thickness on the joining surface, the joining surface of the wiring-side substrate joining the joining surface of the detection-side substrate. In the area over which the light-shielding film is provided, adhesive is provided with a thickness corresponding to the varying thickness of the conductive pattern and the detection-side substrate and the wiring-side substrate are closely joined to each other with the adhesive. 1. A light emission detection device having a flow path from which light to be detected is emitted , the device comprising:a detection-side substrate having a joining surface and a detection surface provided opposite the joining surface, the joining surface having a depression and a light-shielding film provided over an area excluding the depression, the depression forming the flow path, the detection surface transmitting the light emitted from the flow path; anda wiring-side substrate having a joining surface and a conductive pattern provided with a varying thickness on the joining surface, the joining surface of the wiring-side substrate joining the joining surface of the detection-side substrate,wherein, in the area over which the light-shielding film is provided, adhesive is provided with a thickness corresponding to the varying thickness of the conductive pattern and the detection-side substrate and the wiring-side substrate are joined to each other with the adhesive.2. The light ...

Infrared-Based Vehicle Component Imaging and Analysis

An improved system for evaluating one or more components of a vehicle is provided. The system includes a set of imaging devices configured to acquire image data based on infrared emissions of at least one vehicle component of the vehicle as it moves through a field of view of at least one of the set of imaging devices. An imaging device in the set of imaging devices can include a linear array of photoconductor infrared detectors and a thermoelectric cooler for maintaining an operating temperature of the linear array of detectors at a target operating temperature. The infrared emissions can be within at least one of: the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation spectrum or the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation spectrum. 1. A system comprising:an imaging component including a set of imaging devices configured to acquire image data based on infrared emissions of at least one vehicle component of a vehicle moving through a field of view of at least one of the set of imaging devices, wherein an imaging device in the set of imaging devices includes a lead selenide detector and a thermoelectric cooler for maintaining an operating temperature of the lead selenide detector at a target operating temperature; and generating temperature measurement data based on the image data acquired by the set of imaging devices; and', 'evaluating the at least one vehicle component using the temperature measurement data., 'a computer system for evaluating the at least one vehicle component based on the image data, wherein the evaluating includes2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the infrared emissions are within the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation spectrum.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein an imaging device in the set of imaging devices is capable of acquiring infrared image data at a rate of at least approximately two thousand frames per second.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the set of imaging devices includes:a first imaging device configured to acquire image data for ...

Solar tracking system using peridic scan patterns with a shielding tube

A solar tracking system and method that use a shielding tube that admits solar radiation and has an absorptive inner surface for absorbing the solar radiation that is incident on it. The system has a photodetector for generating a signal related to an intensity of solar radiation at a distal end of the shielding tube and a scan unit for periodically executing a certain scan pattern in an elevation angle El and in an azimuth angle Az of the shielding tube. A processing unit in communication with the photodetector determines an on-sun orientation of the shielding tube based on a convolution of the signal obtained while executing the scan pattern with a trained convolution kernel. The on-sun orientation thus found can be used to update the orientation of one or more solar surfaces, e.g., reflective or photovoltaic surfaces.

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE SELECTIVE BAND PASS FILTER FOR IMPLANTABLE CHEMICAL SENSOR

Apparatuses and methods for limiting the angle of incidence (AOI) of light reaching a dichroic filter. The apparatus may include an AOI filter element and the dichroic filter. The apparatus may be a sensor and may include a photodetector. The dichroic filter may be configured to prevent light having a wavelength outside a band pass region from reaching the photodetector and to pass light having a wavelength within the band pass. Physical limitations of the dichroic filter may preclude the dichroic filter from preventing high AOI light having a wavelength outside a band pass region from reaching the photodetector. The AOI filter element may be configured to prevent light having a high AOI from reaching the dichroic band pass filter and to propagate light having a low AOI to the dichroic band pass filter. The AOI filter element may be a fiber optic bundle comprising a plurality of optical fibers. 1. A sensor comprising:a photodetector configured to convert received light into current indicative of the intensity of the received light;a dichroic band pass filter configured to prevent light having a wavelength outside a band pass region from reaching the photodetector and to pass light having a wavelength within the band pass region to the photodetector; andan angle of incidence filter element comprising a receiving surface and configured to prevent light having an angle of incidence relative to an axis perpendicular to the receiving surface greater than a threshold angle from reaching the dichroic band pass filter and to propagate light having an angle of incidence relative to the axis perpendicular to the receiving surface less than the threshold angle to the dichroic band pass filter;wherein the angle of incidence filter element is a fiber optic bundle comprising a plurality of optical fibers.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of optical fibers comprises:a core having a first refractive index; anda clad having a second refractive index that is ...

Method for measuring light intensity distribution

A method for measuring intensity distribution of light includes a step of providing a carbon nanotube array having a top surface. The carbon nanotube array is located in an inert gas environment or a vacuum environment. A light source irradiates the top surface of the carbon nanotube array, to make the carbon nanotube array radiate a radiation light. An imaging element images the radiation light, to obtain an intensity distribution of the light source.

METHOD FOR MEASURING LIGHT INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION

A method for measuring intensity distribution of light includes a step of providing a carbon nanotube array located on a surface of a substrate. The carbon nanotube array has a top surface away from the substrate. The carbon nanotube array with the substrate is located in an inertia environment or a vacuum environment. A light source irradiates the top surface of the carbon nanotube array, to make the carbon nanotube array radiate a visible light. A reflector is provided, and the visible light is reflected by the reflector. An imaging element images the visible light reflected by the reflector, to obtain an intensity distribution of the light source. 1. A method for measuring intensity distribution of light comprising:{'b': '1', '(S) making a carbon nanotube array on a surface of a substrate, wherein the carbon nanotube array comprises a top surface away from the substrate;'}{'b': '2', '(S) placing the carbon nanotube array with the substrate in an inert gas environment or a vacuum environment;'}{'b': '3', '(S) irradiating the top surface of the carbon nanotube array with a light source to make the carbon nanotube array radiate a visible light;'}{'b': '4', '(S) placing a reflector to reflect the visible light; and'}{'b': '5', '(S) imaging the visible light reflected by the reflector with an imaging element to obtain an intensity distribution of the light source.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube array comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes parallel to each other.31. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the step (S) claim 1 , the carbon nanotube array is manufactured by the steps of:{'b': '11', '(S) providing a substrate which is substantially flat and smooth;'}{'b': '12', '(S) forming a catalyst on the substrate;'}{'b': '13', '(S) annealing the substrate with the catalyst at a temperature ranging from about 700° C. to about 900° C. in air for about 30 minutes to about 90 minutes;'}{'b': '14', '(S) heating the substrate with the catalyst at a ...

System for measuring light intensity distribution

A system for measuring intensity distribution of light includes a carbon nanotube array and an imaging element. The carbon nanotube array is placed in an environment of inert gas or a vacuum environment. The carbon nanotube array absorbs photons of a light source and radiates radiation light. The imaging element is used to image the radiation light. The carbon nanotube array is between the light source and the imaging element.

COLOR TIME DOMAIN INTEGRATION CAMERA HAVING A SINGLE CHARGE COUPLED DEVICE AND FRINGE PROJECTION AUTO-FOCUS SYSTEM

A detector () for detecting light (B) from a light source (A) comprises a single array of pixels () and a first mask (). The single array of pixels () includes a plurality of rows of pixels (R), and a plurality of columns of pixels (C) having at least a first active column of pixels (AC) and a spaced apart second active column of pixels (AC). The first mask () covers one of the plurality of columns of pixels (C) to provide a first masked column of pixels (MC) that is positioned between the first active column of pixels (AC) and the second active column of pixels (AC). Additionally, a charge is generated from the light (B) impinging on the first active column of pixels (AC), is transferred to the first masked column of pixels (MC), and subsequently is transferred to the second active column of pixels (AC). 1. A detector for detecting light from a light source , the detector comprising:a single array of pixels including (i) a plurality of rows of pixels and (ii) a plurality of columns of pixels having at least a first active column of pixels and a spaced apart second active column of pixels; anda first mask that covers one of the plurality of columns of pixels to provide a first masked column of pixels that is positioned between the first active column of pixels and the second active column of pixels;wherein a charge is generated from the light impinging on the first active column of pixels, is transferred to the first masked column of pixels, and subsequently is transferred to the second active column of pixels.2. The detector of wherein an accumulation of the charge from the light impinging on the first active column of pixels and the second active column of pixels generates an output charge.3. The detector of wherein no active column of pixels is positioned adjacent to another active column of pixels.4. The detector of wherein the plurality of columns of pixels further includes a third active column of pixels that is spaced apart from the first active column of ...

APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING 3D INFORMATION USING PHOTODETECTOR ARRAY

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for obtaining 3D information using a photodetector array. The apparatus for obtaining 3D information includes: a light source unit configured to generate an optical signal of a predetermined wavelength band; a light transmission optical lens unit provided on a path of the optical signal and configured to emit the optical signal output from the light source unit in parallel or at a predetermined angle; an optical scanning unit configured to scan the light output from the light transmission optical lens unit to a surface of an object to be measured; a light reception optical lens unit configured to collect the light reflected from the surface of the object; and a photodetection unit configured to convert collected optical signals into respective electrical signals by arraying one or more photodetectors such that light reception portions thereof are collected at a center. 1. An apparatus for obtaining 3D information , comprising:a light source unit configured to generate an optical signal of a predetermined wavelength band;a light transmission optical lens unit provided on a path of the optical signal and configured to emit the optical signal output from the light source unit in parallel or at a predetermined angle;an optical scanning unit configured to scan the light output from the light transmission optical lens unit to a surface of an object to be measured;a light reception optical lens unit configured to collect the light reflected from the surface of the object; anda photodetection unit configured to convert collected optical signals into respective electrical signals by arraying one or more photodetectors such that light reception portions thereof are collected at a center.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an optical bandpass filter positioned in the front or rear of the light reception optical lens unit and configured to make a signal of a preset bandwidth among the incident optical signals pass.3. ...

Integrated proximity sensor and light sensor

Apparatuses and methods to sense proximity and to detect light. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an emitter of electromagnetic radiation and a detector of electromagnetic radiation; the detector has a sensor to detect electromagnetic radiation from the emitter when sensing proximity, and to detect electromagnetic radiation from a source other than the emitter when sensing visible light. The emitter may be disabled at least temporarily to allow the detector to detect electromagnetic radiation from a source other than the emitter, such as ambient light. In one implementation, the ambient light is measured by measuring infrared wavelengths. Also a fence having a non-IR transmissive material disposed between the emitter and the detector to remove electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter. Other apparatuses and methods and data processing systems and machine readable media are also described. 1. An apparatus comprising:an emitter;a detector that detects emissions from the emitter and detects emissions from at least one sour e other than the emitter; andcircuitry that distinguishes between the emissions from the emitter and emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter, wherein the emissions from the emitter and the emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter that are detected by the detector comprise emissions of electromagnetic radiation that overlap in frequency.2. An apparatus comprising:an emitter;a detector that operates in at least first and second modes, wherein, in the first mode, the detector operates as a proximity sensor by detecting emissions from the emitter and wherein, in the second mode, the detector operates as an ambient light sensor by detecting ambient light. This application is a continuation of patent application Ser. No. 12/750,625, filed Mar. 30, 2010; which is a continuation of patent application Ser. No. 11/650,117, filed Jan. 5, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,714,205; which is a continuation-in-part ...

IMAGE PROJECTION DEVICE AND DETECTION METHOD THEREOF

A detection method of an image projection device is disclosed. A projection beam is projected on a plurality of projection regions within a projection range, wherein the projection beam carries different features when the projection beam is projected on different projection regions. A reflected beam from the projection range is received and converted to an electrical signal. The feature existing in the electrical signal is analyzed. The projection region corresponding to the feature is determined to identify which of the projection regions is/are blocked by an object. 1. A detection method of an image projection device , comprising:projecting a projection beam on a projection range having a plurality of projection regions, the projection beam projecting on different projection regions having different features;receiving and converting a reflected beam reflected from the projection range to obtain an electrical signal;analyzing the feature existing in the electrical signal; anddetermining which of the projection regions is/are blocked by an object.2. The detection method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the feature is a feature of waveform claim 1 , and the projection beam projecting on different projection regions has different waveforms.3. The detection method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the feature is a feature of frequency claim 1 , and the projection beam projecting on different projection regions has different frequencies.4. The detection method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the feature is a feature of phase claim 1 , and the projection beam projecting on different projection regions has different phases.5. The detection method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the image projection device receives a plurality of reflected beams claim 1 , analyzes the features existing in the corresponding electrical signals claim 1 , and determines movement of the object according to an appearing order of the features.6. An image ...

MOTION DETECTOR CAMERA

A motion detector camera includes a housing, viewing electronics mounted within the housing, an IR emitter exposed on a surface of the housing, a motion detector exposed on a surface of the housing, and a controller operatively coupled to the viewing electronics, the IR emitter, and the motion detector, wherein the controller is adapted to send an activation signal to the IR emitter and to the viewing electronics when the controller receives a triggering signal from the motion detector 1a housing;viewing electronics mounted within the housing;an IR emitter exposed on a surface of the housing;a motion detector exposed on a surface of the housing; anda controller operatively coupled to the viewing electronics, the IR emitter, and the motion detector, wherein the controller is adapted to send an activation signal to the IR emitter and to the viewing electronics when the controller receives a triggering signal from the motion detector.. A motion detector apparatus comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/771,353, filed Apr. 30, 2012 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/921,774, filed Aug. 19, 2004, which is a Continuation-in-Part (CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/876,899, filed Jun. 25, 2004, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,149,422, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/217,327, filed Aug. 12, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,768,868, which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/757,803, filed Jan. 10, 2001, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,735,387, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference.This invention relates to the field of cameras, and more specifically to motion triggered cameras.Cameras generally include a light-proof enclosure having an aperture with a shuttered lens through which the image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive film. A user typically triggers the shutter to expose the film, ...

Illumination system

An illumination system includes a light source device configured by an excitation light source, a light guiding member and a wavelength converter that are connected in order, and an operation check device. The system further includes: a connector configured to directly and physically connect the operation check device to a light signal emitting end which includes the wavelength converter; a detector configured to detect a light signal emitted from the light signal emitting end when the light signal emitting end and the operation check device are connected by the connector; and an operation determiner configured to determine the operations of the excitation light source, the light guiding member, and the wavelength converter by a detection result in the detector.

Optical Characteristic Measuring Apparatus and Method

An optical characteristic measuring apparatus and an optical characteristic measuring method of the invention are an optical characteristic measuring apparatus and method for obtaining a predetermined optical characteristic such as a color value or a total spectral radiation factor of a measurement object. A spectral intensity distribution of predetermined ambient light entering through a measurement opening is measured and stored prior to measurement of the optical characteristic. In measuring the optical characteristic, an optical characteristic in a condition that actually measured ambient light is used as an observation light source is obtained, with use of the stored spectral intensity distribution of ambient light.

ANALYSIS METHOD, ANALYSIS DEVICE, AND ETCHING PROCESSING SYSTEM

Among the multiple OES data wavelengths, an analysis device identifies the wavelength of light emissions from a substance contained in the plasma from among multiple light emission wavelengths within the chamber by way of the steps of: measuring the light emission within the chamber during etching processing of the semiconductor wafer; finding the time-based fluctuation due to changes over time on each wavelength in the measured intensity of the light emissions in the chamber; comparing the time-based fluctuations in the wavelength of the light emitted from the pre-specified substance; and by using the comparison results, identifying the wavelength of the light emitted from the substance caused by light emission within the chamber. 1. An analysis method comprising:measuring the light emission within the chamber during etching processing of the semiconductor wafer;finding the time-based fluctuations on each wavelength due to changes over time in the measured intensity of the light emissions within the chamber;comparing the time-based fluctuations in the wavelength of the light emitted from the pre-identified substance; andidentifying the wavelength showing light emitted from the substance contained in the plasma within the chamber by using the comparison results.2. An analysis method according to claim 1 ,wherein the comparison step further includes:calculating the time-based fluctuation in light emission intensity on the peripheral wavelength that is a wavelength at a specified distance from the wavelength of the light emitted from the identified substance; andcomparing the time-based fluctuation in light emission intensity on the wavelength of the light emitted from the identified substance, with the time-based fluctuation in light emission intensity of the peripheral wavelength.3. An analysis method according to claim 2 ,wherein the time-based fluctuation in light emission intensity of the peripheral wavelength is the time-based fluctuation for an average value of ...

Method of Determining a Focal Point or Beam Profile of a Laser Beam in a Working Field

In a method for determining the focal point or the beam profile of a laser beam, which can be deflected in the x and y directions by a scanner optic or an x-y-movement unit and can be displaced in the z direction by a focusing optic or a z-movement unit, at a plurality of measurement points in the two-dimensional working field or three-dimensional working space of the laser beam. An aperture diaphragm, followed by a detector, is arranged at each measurement point. At each measurement point, for x-y-focal point or beam profile measurements, the laser beam is moved by the scanner optic or the x-y-movement unit in an x-y-grid over the measurement aperture in the aperture diaphragm, and, at each grid point, the laser power is measured by the detector, the scanner axis of the scanner optic or the x-y-movement unit being stationary. For z-focal point measurements, the laser beam is displaced by the focusing optic or the z-movement unit in the z direction within the measurement aperture in the aperture diaphragm. The laser power is measured by the detector at each grid point. The focal point and/or the beam profile of the laser beam is then determined at each measurement point from the measurement values. 1. A method of determining a property of a laser beam , wherein the property comprises at least one of an x-y-focal point or a beam profile , the method comprising:moving the laser beam to each of a plurality of measurement points in a working area;at each measurement point, adjusting a position of the laser beam to each of a plurality of grid points of an x-y-grid across a measurement aperture defined in an aperture diaphragm;detecting, with the laser beam positioned at each grid point, a power value of the laser beam using a detector arranged behind the aperture diaphragm; anddetermining, at each measurement point, the property of the laser beam from the detected power values.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein moving the laser beam comprises deflecting the laser beam in ...

QUANTITATIVE SERIES RESISTANCE IMAGING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Luminescence-based methods are disclosed for determining quantitative values for the series resistance across a photovoltaic cell, preferably without making electrical contact to the cell. Luminescence signals are generated by exposing the cell to uniform and patterned illumination with excitation light selected to generate luminescence from the cell, with the illumination patterns preferably produced using one or more filters selected to attenuate the excitation light and transmit the luminescence. 2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said first claim 1 , second and third selected regions are all equal in area.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said first claim 1 , second and third selected regions are not all equal in area claim 1 , and said first claim 1 , second and third luminescence signals are area-averaged.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said third selected region corresponds to said first selected region or to said second selected region.5. A method according to claim 3 , wherein said third selected region corresponds to a combination of said first and second selected regions.6. A method according to claim 3 , wherein said third selected region corresponds to the entire cell area.7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said illumination pattern is produced using one or more filters selected to attenuate said excitation light and transmit said luminescence.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the illumination intensity applied to said first portion is zero.10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein said first claim 9 , second and third selected regions are all equal in area.11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein said first claim 10 , second and third selected regions are the same region.12. A method according to claim 9 , wherein said first claim 9 , second and third selected regions are not all equal in area claim 9 , and said first claim 9 , second and third luminescence signals are area-averaged.13. A method ...

Heliostat with a Drive Shaft Pointing at the Target, Reflection Sensor and a Closed-Loop Control System

Heliostat comprising a drive shaft pointing at the target, two reflection or refraction solar sensors, and a closed-loop control system, independent of the solution provided by the main reflective optics. The first solar sensor () detects the position of the incident main beam () with respect to the main plane of the optics (), while the second solar sensor () detects the position of the reflected main beam () with respect to the drive plane (). The closed-loop control system is retroactively supplied by the signals from these two sensors that compare said signals at all times, and coordinates the primary drive () and the secondary drive () in order to achieve the condition of pointing at the target at all times. 114222115231046. Heliostat characterized by having a drive shaft pointing at the target , two reflection or refraction solar sensors , closed-loop control system , independent of the solution provided by the main reflective optics; the first solar sensor () detects the position of the incident main beam () with respect to the main plane of the optics () , while the second solar sensor () detects the position del reflected main beam () with respect to the drive plane (); the closed-loop control system is retroactively supplied by the signals from these two sensors that compare said signals at all times , and coordinates de primary drive () and the secondary drive () in order to achieve the condition of pointing at the target at all times.224311165321. Heliostat according to claim 1 , characterized by having a mobile support () claim 1 , which rotates under the action of a primary drive () with respect to a primary axis () coinciding with the direction of pointing at the target () claim 1 , and on which is mounted the reflective surface () of very high reflectivity which rotates under the action of a secondary drive () with respect to a secondary axis () perpendicular to both the primary axis () and the main plane of the optics ().31412425. Heliostat ...

Nanophotonic light-field sensor

A light field sensor for a 4D light field camera has a layer of nanoscale resonator detector elements, such as silicon nanoshells, below a layer of dielectric microlenses. By taking advantage of photonic nanojets in the microlenses and circulating resonances in nanoshells, the light field camera sensor achieves improved sensitivity, pixel density, and directional resolution even at large angles of incidence. 1. A light field sensor comprising:a) a collection of nanoscale resonator detector elements arranged in a layer; andb) a collection of dielectric microlenses arranged in a layer;wherein each microlens of the dielectric microlenses has a refractive index and size selected such that the microlens focuses incident light at an operational wavelength into a beam having a full-width-half-maximum intensity beam waist of less than one half of the operational wavelength when measured adjacent to the microlens;wherein each element of the nanoscale resonator detector elements encloses a volume of at least that enclosed by the full-width-half-maximum intensity beam waist of the beam focused by a microlens onto the nanoscale resonator detector element;wherein each element of the nanoscale resonator detector elements has a total external leakage rate to adjacent detector elements that does not exceed an intrinsic leakage rate of the element due to absorption.2. The light field sensor of wherein the collection of nanoscale resonator detector elements are packed in a plane such that a minimum fill fraction in the plane is 82%.3. The light field sensor of wherein the nanoscale resonator detector elements are nanoshells.4. The light field sensor of wherein the nanoshells are composed of semiconductor materials.5. The light field sensor of wherein the microlens has a shape selected from the group consisting of sphere claim 1 , cylinder claim 1 , and ellipsoid.6. The light field sensor of wherein the nanoscale resonator detector elements are surrounded by a planarization layer.7. ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ASSESSING A QUALITY OF A HEADLIGHT

In a method of assessing a quality of a headlight of a motor vehicle during travel or operation on a shake bench facility, operation of the headlight is monitored by a camera. A camera image or a chronological sequence of camera images is evaluated as a function of at least one predefined criterion, such as, e.g., a brightness distribution. 1. A method of assessing a quality of a headlight of a motor vehicle during travel or operation on a shake bench facility , comprising:monitoring the headlight using a camera; andevaluating a camera image or a chronological sequence of camera images as a function of at least one predefined criterion.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one predefined criterion is a brightness distribution.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one predefined criterion is a change in time of a brightness or brightness distribution.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising subdividing each camera image into a predefined number of subimages claim 2 , and determining a brightness of the subimages claim 2 , for ascertaining the brightness distribution.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising determining for a chronological sequence of the subimages for each subimage a minimum claim 4 , mean value claim 4 , and maximum of the brightness for a predefined time period.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one predefined criterion is a location of a light-dark boundary of the headlight.7. Apparatus for assessing a quality of a headlight of a motor vehicle during travel or operation on a shake bench facility claim 1 , comprising:a light box secured to the motor vehicle at a location to ensure a radiation of the headlight into the light box;a camera accommodated in the light box; anda computer for evaluating image data captured by the camera.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the camera and the computer are connected by wireless communication for transmission of image data captured by the camera to the computer.9. ...

Light detector with ge film

A light detector includes a first light sensor and a second light sensor to detect incident light. A Ge film is disposed over the first light sensor to pass infra-red (IR) wavelength light and to block visible wavelength light. The Ge film does not cover the second light sensor.

NANOSCALE COAXIAL LASERS

Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for implementing compact (e.g., nanoscale) coaxial lasers with coaxial cavity geometries which can be used to construct various coaxial cavity lasers that can operate in single mode, at room-temperature, and produce continuous-wave lasing. The described laser systems can also operate at low-temperatures, and provide thresholdless lasing using a spectrally broadband semiconductor gain medium. The cavity of the compact lasers includes a central metal core and a hollow ring surrounding the central metal core, formed within a housing with an open terminal and a closed terminal. The open terminal is positioned to both receive pump light and output laser light, and the closed terminal includes a metal cap that encloses the central metal rod and one side of the hollow ring. The described nano cavities also include a ring-shaped gain medium section, and ring-shaped lower and upper plug sections. 1. A laser based on a coaxial cavity , comprising:a metal housing including a central metal core and a hollow metal ring surrounding the central metal core, and a laser gain medium filled in a region surrounding the central metal core within the hollow metal ring to absorb pump light and produces an optical gain at a laser wavelength, the metal housing including an open terminal and a closed terminal, the open terminal configured to receive pump light for optically pumping the laser gain medium and for outputting laser light generated by the laser gain medium, the closed terminal including a metal cap that encloses the central metal core and one side of the hollow ring;a first low index material with a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the laser gain medium, the first low index material filled in the hollow ring between the metal cap and the laser gain medium to form a first interface with the laser gain medium; anda second low index material with a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the laser ...

Sensors, Systems and Methods for Position Sensing

Various systems and methods for estimating the position of a radiation source in three-dimensional space, together with sensors for use in such systems are described. In some embodiments, the systems include a plurality of radiation sensors. The three-dimensional position of the radiation source is estimated relative to each sensor using an aperture that casts shadows on a radiation detector as a function of the incident angle of the incoming radiation. In some embodiments, the ratio of a reference radiation intensity to a measured radiation intensity is used to estimate direction of the radiation source relative to the sensor. When the angular position of the radiation source is estimated relative to two sensors, the position of the radiation source in three dimensions can be triangulated based on the known relative positions of the two sensors. 115.-. (canceled)16. A system for estimating the position of a radiation source in three dimensional space , the system comprising: a first reference radiation detector for providing a first reference radiation intensity signal corresponding to an intensity of radiation incident on the first reference radiation detector;', 'a first direction radiation detector for providing a first direction radiation intensity signal corresponding to an intensity of radiation incident on the first direction radiation detector;', 'a second direction radiation detector for providing a second direction radiation intensity signal corresponding to an intensity of radiation incident on the second direction radiation detector; and', 'a first radiation stop for partially blocking radiation from reaching the first and second direction radiation detectors; and, 'a first radiation sensor for receiving radiation from the radiation source and for providing a first incident angle pair corresponding to the direction of the radiation source relative to the first radiation sensor, wherein the first radiation sensor includes a second reference radiation ...

LIGHT DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC MEASUREMENT METHOD

A light distribution characteristic measurement apparatus includes: a detecting unit for detecting light from a light source; a mirror for reflecting the light from the light source to direct the light to the detecting unit; a movement mechanism for moving the detecting unit and the mirror relatively to the light source; a rotation mechanism for rotating the mirror while maintaining an optical path length from the light source to the detecting unit; and a processor adapted to calculate the light distribution characteristic of the light source, based on a plurality of measurement results that are detected by the detecting unit under a condition that the detecting unit and the mirror are arranged at a plurality of measurement positions relative to the light source and the mirror is oriented at different rotational angles for each measurement position. 1. A light distribution characteristic measurement apparatus for measuring a light distribution characteristic of a light source , comprising:a detecting unit for detecting light from the light source;a mirror for reflecting the light from the light source to direct the light to the detecting unit;a movement mechanism for moving the detecting unit and the mirror relatively to the light source;a rotation mechanism for rotating the mirror while maintaining an optical path length from the light source to the detecting unit; anda processor adapted to calculate the light distribution characteristic of the light source, based on a plurality of measurement results that are detected by the detecting unit under a condition that the detecting unit and the mirror are arranged at a plurality of measurement positions relative to the light source and the mirror is oriented at different rotational angles for each measurement position.2. The light distribution characteristic measurement apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the rotation mechanism is adapted to control the rotational angle of the mirror in such a manner that a field ...

IMAGING DEVICE, INSPECTION APPARATUS, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRONIC DEVICE

The imaging device includes a sensor substrate, a light-blocking substrate, a light-collecting substrate, a sealing material, and a light-transmitting member. The light-transmitting member includes a light-transmitting base disposed to be in contact with either the sensor substrate or the light-blocking substrate, and a light-transmitting resin which is filled between the base and the sensor substrate or the light-blocking substrate. A void is formed in at least a part of a space between the sealing material and the light-transmitting member. 1. An imaging device comprising:a sensor substrate having a sensing region where a photo-electric conversion element is disposed;a light blocking substrate which is disposed to be opposite to a surface of a side where the sensing region of the sensor substrate is formed, and a light blocking film is formed which has an opening portion at a position corresponding to the photo-electric conversion element;a light collecting substrate which is disposed so as to interpose the light blocking substrate between the light collecting substrate and the sensor substrate, and has a micro-lens at a position corresponding to the photo-electric conversion element;a sealing material which is formed to surround the sensing region and includes a gap material forming a predetermined gap between the sensor substrate and the light blocking substrate; anda light transmitting member which covers the sensing region inside the sealing material, and fills a space between the sensor substrate and the light blocking substrate,wherein the light transmitting member includes a light transmitting base disposed to be in contact with either the sensor substrate or the light blocking substrate, and a transmitting resin filling a space between the base and the sensor substrate or the light blocking substrate, andwherein, in at least one portion between the sealing material and the light transmitting member, a void is formed.2. An imaging device comprising:a sensor ...

OCCUPANCY SENSOR DEVICE DESIGN FOR FIXTURE INTEGRATION AND A LIGHT WITH THE SAME

An occupancy sensor device has a sensor and a fastener. The sensor has a body and a connector. The body has a detector and a lens. The lens covers the detector. The connector is formed on the body. The fastener is connected securely to the connector of the sensor. When the occupancy sensor device is installed on a light, the connector is mounted through a sensor hole of a light cover first, and the fastener is connected securely to the connector. Then the installation is completed and the sensor device is mounted securely on the light cover. Because the sensor has the connector directly formed on the body and the connector can be connected securely to the fastener, the sensor device is easily mounted on various kinds of lights regardless of the structure of the base. 1. An occupancy sensor device comprising: [ a detector; and', 'a lens covering the detector; and, 'a body having'}, 'a connector formed on and protruding out of the body; and, 'a sensor having'}a fastener selectively connected securely to the connector of the sensor.2. The occupancy sensor device as claimed in claim 1 , whereinthe connector of the sensor has outer threads formed on an outside wall of the connector; andthe fastener is a nut and is screwed onto the outer threads of the connector.3. The occupancy sensor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the body of the sensor has an annular flange formed around an outside wall of the body.4. The occupancy sensor device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the body of the sensor has an annular flange formed around an outside wall of the body.5. The occupancy sensor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the detector of the sensor is a passive infrared detector.6. The occupancy sensor device as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the detector of the sensor is a passive infrared detector.7. A light with an occupancy sensor device as claimed in comprising:a base;a lighting element mounted on the base; anda light cover mounted on the base, covering the lighting ...

WAVE FRONT ABERRATION METROLOGY OF OPTICS OF EUV MASK INSPECTION SYSTEM

Disclosed is test structure for measuring wave-front aberration of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) inspection system. The test structure includes a substrate formed from a material having substantially no reflectivity for EUV light and a multilayer (ML) stack portion, such as a pillar, formed on the substrate and comprising a plurality of alternating pairs of layers having different refractive indexes so as to reflect EUV light. The pairs have a count equal to or less than 15. 1. A test structure for measuring wave-front aberration of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) inspection system , comprising:a substrate formed from a material having substantially no reflectivity for EUV light; anda multilayer (ML) stack portion formed on the substrate and comprising a plurality of alternating pairs of layers having different refractive indexes so as to reflect EUV light, wherein the ML stack portion is arranged on the substrate to expose a portion of the substrate.2. The test structure of claim 1 , wherein each pair comprises (i) a molybdenum (Mo) layer and a silicon (Si) layer claim 1 , (ii) a Ru layer and a Si layer claim 1 , or (iii) a Mo layer and a Si layer interfaced with a carbon (C) based barrier layer.3. The test structure of claim 1 , further comprising a capping layer over the ML stack portion formed from a material that prevents oxidation of the ML stack portion and is substantially transparent claim 1 , wherein the capping layer is comprised of Ru claim 1 , diamond-like carbon (DLC) claim 1 , Si or platinum (Pt).4. The test structure of claim 1 , wherein the alternating pairs of layers of the ML stack portion are non-periodic and each alternating pair has a thickness that is optimized so that EUV light diffracted from the test structure substantially fills an entrance pupil area of the inspection system and/or has an optimized peak reflectivity.5. The test structure of claim 1 , wherein a count of the pairs is equal to or less than ten.6. The test structure of claim 1 , ...

Monitoring Incident Beam Position in a Wafer Inspection System

Methods, systems, and structures for monitoring incident beam position in a wafer inspection system are provided. One structure includes a feature formed in a chuck configured to support a wafer during inspection by the wafer inspection system. The chuck rotates the wafer in a theta direction and simultaneously translates the wafer in a radial direction during the inspection. An axis through the center of the feature is aligned with a radius of the chuck such that a position of the axis relative to an incident beam of the wafer inspection system indicates changes in the incident beam position in the theta direction. 1. A structure configured for monitoring incident beam position in a wafer inspection system , comprising:a chuck configured to support a wafer during inspection by the wafer inspection system, wherein the chuck rotates the wafer in a theta direction and simultaneously translates the wafer in a radial direction during the inspection; anda feature formed in the chuck, wherein an axis through the center of the feature is aligned with a radius of the chuck such that a position of the axis relative to an incident beam of the wafer inspection system indicates changes in the incident beam position in the theta direction.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a width of the feature varies along the radius of the chuck such that the width measured using the incident beam indicates changes in the incident beam position in the radial direction.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein one or more sides of the feature are not parallel or perpendicular to the radius of the chuck such that a width of the feature measured using the incident beam indicates changes in the incident beam position in the radial direction.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the feature forms an opening in the chuck.5. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the feature forms a triangular opening in the chuck.6. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the feature comprises a material formed in an opening ...

UNIT FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE OF A DOMINATING LIGHT SOURCE BY MEANS OF TWO PHOTODIODES

The invention relates to a unit () for determining the dominant light source type in electromagnetic radiation () incident on the unit () and generated from a plurality of light sources of different types. The unit comprises at least one first photodiode () designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range and to generate a first output signal (). The unit comprises at least one second photodiode () designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectral range and to generate a second output signal (). The unit comprises at least one calculation unit () designed to derive a quotient result () and a frequency result () from the first () and second () output signals. The frequency result () provides information about the presence or absence of signal components in a predetermined frequency range contained in the electromagnetic radiation. The unit comprises at least one evaluation unit () designed to derive the dominant light source type from the quotient result () and the frequency result (). 1. A unit for determining a dominant light source type in electromagnetic radiation incident on the unit and generated from a plurality of light sources of different types , comprising:at least one first photodiode designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range and to generate a first output signal;at least one second photodiode designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectral range and to generate a second output signal;at least one calculation unit designed to derive a quotient result and a frequency result from the first and second output signals, the frequency result providing information about the presence or absence of signal components in a predetermined frequency range contained in the electromagnetic radiation; andat least one evaluation unit designed to derive the dominant light source type from the quotient result and the frequency result.2. The unit according to claim 1 , wherein ...