Device for determining the stability and separation of dispersed material systems especially new formulations, comprises tubular measuring cells, sources emitting waves and sensors

Device for determining the stability and separation of dispersed material systems contains tubular measuring cells, sources emitting waves and sensors. The sources emitting waves and the sensors are arranged so that the intensity distribution of the waves from a sample is detected over the whole measuring cell height.

Method and apparatus for monitoring fog density

Method and apparatus for analyzing particle-containing gaseous suspensions

The method and apparatus permit analyses, by optical means, of properties of gaseous suspensions of particles, by measuring radiation that is emitted, transmitted or scattered by the particles. Determinations of composition, size, temperature and spectral emittance can be performed either in-situ or by sampling, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometric techniques are most effectively used. Apparatus specifically adapted for performing radiation scattering analyses, and for collecting radiation from different sources, are provided.

Improved aerosol sensor testing

An aerosol detector test system (Fig. 2) comprises a vibrating mesh nebuliser 1 to generate an aerosol. The nebuliser may introduce aerosol into an aerosol line (7, Fig. 2) to which an aerosol sensor instrument may be connected. The nebuliser is used in testing and calibrating aerosol sensors/detectors; the sensors/detectors may be for detecting hazardous chemical aerosols, e.g. chemical warfare agents. The nebuliser comprises a reservoir for liquid, a mesh/plate 2 comprising multiple perforations, and a driver 4 for vibrating the mesh/plate. The driver can provide a variable drive frequency, perhaps between 1 Hz and 100 kHz, to enable the mesh/plate to be vibrated at variable duty cycles, so that the nebuliser can deliver variable concentrations of aerosol.

PARTICLE SIZE AND VELOCITY DETERMINATION

DISPOSITIF DE DETECTION DE SUBSTANCES ETRANGERES A TRAVERS UNE PAROI ET SYSTEME D'AIDE A LA CONDUITE DE VEHICULES OU D'AERONEFS

L'invention concerne un dispositif de détection de la présence de substances étrangères dans un milieu II au voisinage d'une paroi P séparant deux milieux I et II. Le dispositif comprend dans le milieu I des moyens d'illumination 1 de la paroi sous un rayonnement correspondant à la transparence ou à la semi-transparence du matériau de la paroi sur une zone d'illumination de référence Z. Des moyens détecteurs directionnels 2 permettent de couvrir la zone d'illumination de référence Z, la direction moyenne du cône de réception 20 ayant par rapport à la direction moyenne du faisceau 10 une inclinaison alpha telle que le volume V1 intersection du faisceau 10 et du cône de réception 20 soit minimum. Application à l'aide à la conduite de véhicules ou aéronefs et à la conduite de processus de chimie industrielle. (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI) ...

METHOD FOR THE SELECTIVE DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT OF OIL VAPOR AND AEROSOLS

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPTICAL DETECTION OF OBJECTS IN A FLUID

OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY APPARATUS

The present invention relates to an optical tomography apparatus. More specifically, an optical tomography apparatus comprises: an injector for spraying a fluid; an optical light source unit disposed at a side portion with respect to a spray area of the fluid sprayed through the injector; an optical detector disposed at a side portion with respect to the spray area of the fluid sprayed through the injector and receiving light generated by the light source unit; and a control unit processing the light received from the optical detector to generate information. The light generated in the optical source unit is linear light and is incident in a lateral direction with respect to a spray direction of the fluid while entering the spray area of the fluid from the outside, passing through the fluid, and entering the optical detector. The control unit has a configuration that processes the light received in the optical detector to visually show fluid distribution within the spray area of the fluid ...

methods of determining size distributions of water droplets of the clouds

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERISATION AND MONITORING OF EXHAUST GASES AND THE REGULATION OF ENGINES IN PARTICULAR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND COMPONENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXHAUST GASES

The device of modular construction permits the simultaneous or also non-simultaneous recording and characterisation of the solid and liquid particles and the gaseous components of the exhaust gases on various test supports, with only small or no modification of the test support. The methods are based on the individual or combined usage of laser-induced dispersion, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser-induced ionisation spectroscopy, laser-induced atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, IR-/VIS-/UV-laser absorption spectroscopy and laser-induced incandescence. The use of individual or combined usage of devices of the above type permits the analysis of the raw exhaust gas, the conditioned and/or treated exhaust gases for monitoring and checking the working pattern of the engine, the individual components of the exhaust gas treatment and/or the total system on test beds and on the vehicle and can be used for control of the motor and/or exhaust components, such as for example catalysts and particle filters, on test beds and in driven usage, for example, in connection with, or as part of, an on-board diagnostic system.

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CONTINUOUS SAMPLING OF AIRBORNE PARTICLES USING A REGENERATIVE SURFACE

Airborne particles are impacted on a collection surface, analyzed, and then the collection surface is regenerated. Thus, the same collection surface can be used in numerous cycles. The analysis can be focused on one or more properties of interest, such as the concentration of airborne biologicals. Sensors based on regenerative collection surfaces may be incorporated in many networks for applications such as building automation.

Method and apparatus for investigating temporal development of particles or droplets in a gas-vapor mixture

The present invention relates to a method for investigating the behavior of particles or droplets in a gas-vapor mixture inside a flow device, which is useful for studying cloud dynamical and microphysical processes. The invention allows adjustment and/or control of the thermodynamic system parameters based on the observed behavior of an internal standard with known properties, thus achieving a well-defined vapor concentration and saturation field inside the flow device. By injecting particles or droplets to be investigated into this well defined flow device, and measuring the size of the particles or droplets, the activation and growth or shrinking behavior of the particles or droplets may be determined using a mathematical model of the fluid, thermodynamic, and chemical conditions of the flow device.

Pressure-flow reducer for aerosol focusing devices

A pressure-flow reducer, and an aerosol focusing system incorporating such a pressure-flow reducer, for performing high-flow, atmosphere-pressure sampling while delivering a tightly focused particle beam in vacuum via an aerodynamic focusing lens stack. The pressure-flow reducer has an inlet nozzle for adjusting the sampling flow rate, a pressure-flow reduction region with a skimmer and pumping ports for reducing the pressure and flow to enable interfacing with low pressure, low flow aerosol focusing devices, and a relaxation chamber for slowing or stopping aerosol particles. In this manner, the pressure-flow reducer decouples pressure from flow, and enables aerosol sampling at atmospheric pressure and at rates greater than 1 liter per minute.

DETECTION OF AIRCRAFT ICING CONDITIONS AND DETERMINATION OF LIQUID CLOUD DROPLET SIZE

A method of operating an optical icing conditions sensor includes transmitting, with a transmitter, a light beam and thereby illuminating an illumination volume. A receiver array receives light over a range of receiving angles. The receiver array is configured to receive light having the wavelength over a receiver array field of view which overlaps with the illumination volume. A controller measures an intensity of light received by the receiver array. The controller determines that a cloud is present if the intensity is greater than a threshold value. The controller calculates scattering profile data of the light received by the receiver array if a cloud is determined to be present, which includes an angle of a scattering intensity peak within the range of receiving angles and a breadth of the scattering intensity peak. The controller estimates a representative droplet size within the cloud using the scattering profile data.

MACHINE LEARNING-BASED PARTICLE-LADEN FLOW FIELD CHARACTERIZATION

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur umfassenden Charakterisierung und Kontrolle des Abgases und der Regelung von Motoren, speziell von Verbrennungsmotoren, und von Komponenten der Abgasnachbehandlung

Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Art, der Zusammensetzung und/oder der Konzentration in Form von Anzahl-, Massen- und/oder Volumenkonzentration der einzelnen festen, flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Komponenten motorischer Abgase im Abgasstrang hinter dem Motor im Rohzustand oder im konditionierten und/oder verdünnten Zustand oder hinter Komponenten der Abgasnachbehandlung , wobei zur Bestimmung die durch Anregung mit einem Laser, einer Laserdiode oder einem Diodenlaser im Untersuchungsbereich erzeugte Raman-Strahlung detektiert und verwendet wird.

Messgerät für Tröpfchengrösse.

VORRICHTUNG ZUM ERFASSEN VON FREMDEN SUBSTANZEN DURCH EINE TRENNWAND UND FAHRHILFSSYSTEM FUER FAHRZEUGE ODER LUFTFAHRZEUGE.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Partikelkonzentration eines mit Partikel geladenen Messgases

Für eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Partikelkonzentration eines mit Partikel geladenen Messgases, mit der bei einem sehr großen möglichen Messbereich auf einfache Weise sowohl eine integrale Messung einer Partikelkonzentration, als auch eine zeitlich aufgelöste Messung möglich sein soll, ist vorgesehen, dass im Messgerät (1) ein Schwärzungszahl- Messgerät (12) zur integralen Messung angeordnet ist und in einem Messvolumen (8) einer Messkammer (2), das stromaufwärts des Filterpapiers (7) des Schwärzungszahl-Messgerätes (12) angeordnet ist, zusätzlich ein Streulichtmessgerät 13 zur zeitlich aufgelösten Messung angeordnet ist.

TEST SECTIONS, WIND TUNNELS INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHODS OF USING SAME

In an embodiment, a test section comprises at least one surface defining an at least partially enclosed space. The at least partially enclosed space defines an airflow path for air to flow. The test section also comprises a nozzle disposed in the at least partially enclosed space. The nozzle is configured to spray an agricultural spray and is positioned to emit the agricultural spray such that at least a section of the agricultural spray exhibits a non-parallel angle relative to the airflow path defined by the at least partially enclosed space. The test section further comprises at least one stimulus source positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the agricultural spray adjacent to the nozzle. Additionally, the test section comprises at least one detector positioned to image at least the portion of the agricultural spray adjacent to the nozzle.

SCATTERING CENTRE DETECTOR ASSEMBLY AND METHOD

An assembly which comprises (a) a duct (22) for transmission of fluids, said duct having longitudinal axis, (b) at least one emitter (301) capable of exciting a beam of radiation (21) in the form of a cone having root angles .beta.ex and .beta.ey, which may be the same or different, into a cross section area of a duct to be analysed in a direction downstream of fluid flo w in the duct at an angle .lambda.e from the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct, the angle .lambda.e being between 5~ to 45~, (c) a detector (23, 304) sensitive to radiation radiated by scattering centr es in the fluid over at least 1% of the cross sectional area of the duct, the direction of the central axis of the emitter cone being at an angle .alpha. to the direction of the central axis of the detector cone, the detector cone having root angles .beta.dx and .beta.dy, which may be the same or different and the detector cone having angle .lambda.d perpendicular to the longitudin al axis of the duct ...

Device for detecting foreign substances through a wall and system for assistance in driving vehicles or flying aircraft

Droplets detecting system

A droplets detecting system includes a laser diode assembly, a photo diode, a light source, a charge coupled device camera, a signal processing and displaying device, and an image processing and displaying device. The laser diode assembly is configured for emitting a laser light to pass through a droplet. The photo diode is configured for receiving the laser light passing through the droplet and for thereby generating an electronic signal. The light source is structured and arranged for emitting an illuminating light to illuminate the droplet. The charge coupled device camera is configured for receiving the illuminating light and thereby photographing the illuminated droplet. The signal processing and displaying device is connected with the photo diode and is configured for displaying the electronic signal generated by the photo diode. The image processing and displaying device is operatively connected with the charge coupled device camera and is configured for displaying enlarged image ...

CASCADE IMPACTOR PLATE COATING

The present invention relates to a cascade impactor for measuring particle size distribution of an aerosol comprising nicotine, the cascade impactor comprising: an induction port for receiving an inhaler; and at least one sample collection stage comprising a nozzle assembly and a collection means; wherein the collection means of at least one sample collection stage is coated with isopropyl alcohol. 1. A cascade impactor for measuring particle size distribution of an aerosol comprising nicotine , the cascade impactor comprising:an induction port for receiving an inhaler; andat least one sample collection stage comprising a nozzle assembly and a collection means;wherein the collection means of at least one sample collection stage is coated with isopropyl alcohol.2. A cascade impactor according to claim 1 , wherein the cascade impactor comprises at least five collection stages.3. A cascade impactor according to claim 1 , wherein the cascade impactor comprises seven collection stages.4. A cascade impactor according to claim 1 , wherein the cascade impactor is a Next Generation Impactor claim 1 , an Andersen Cascade Impactor claim 1 , a Multi-stage Liquid Impinger claim 1 , a Marple-Miller Cascade Impactor or a Twin Impinger.5. A cascade impactor according to claim 1 , wherein the cascade impactor is a Next Generation Impactor.6. A cascade impactor according to claim 1 , wherein the cascade impactor is a Next Generation Impactor comprising seven sample collection stages.7. A cascade impactor according to claim 6 , wherein the cascade impactor further comprises a micro-orifice collector.8. A cascade impactor according to claim 1 , wherein the isopropyl alcohol is present in an amount of no greater than 5 mL in each of the sample collection stages that are coated with isopropyl alcohol.9. A cascade impactor according to claim 1 , wherein the isopropyl alcohol is present in an amount of no greater than 3 mL in each of the sample collection stages that are coated with ...

Optical patternation method

To measure property-specific distributions like surface area and mass concentrations, in a particle field that attenuates light passing therethrough, such as a spray or aerosol, a probe beam having a suitably selected wavelength is directed into and thereby caused to interact with the particle field. Light produced by this interaction is detected by sensors separated a distance from the beam. Extinction of the probe as it propagates through the particle field is quantified by determining the amount of light exiting the field in comparison with the amount of light entering the field. The property specific concentrations are determined from the light detected by the sensors after correcting for the extinction of the beam as well as attenuation of the light traveling the distance from the beam to the sensors. The light produced by the interaction of the probe with the particle field may include scattering, fluorescence, or both. Further, methods enable the user to determine the mass and surface ...

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR MESSUNG EINES FLÜSSIGKEITSTRÖPFCHEN

PARTICLE SIZE AND VELOCITY DETERMINATION

Particle size and velocity monitoring apparatus comprises means 12, 14, 16, 20 which creates two coherent light beams which intersect to define a probe volume 18, and at least one sensor detecting light scattered by a particle traversing the probe volume. Each sensor comprises a beam splitter 30 arranged to split the scattered light into two components and two photodetectors 34 to detect these components. The polarisation of the intersecting beams and the polarisation created by splitter 30 are such that the Doppler signals in the two components are 180 DEG out of phase. The detected signals are added (to give a pedestal) and are subtracted to give the Doppler signal. The Doppler frequency indicates particle velocity, while the ratio of the Doppler signal to the pedestal signal indicates particle size. A second sensor may be used, as shown, in which case the phase difference between Doppler signals at the two sensors indicates particle size. The pedestal signals may be utilized as trigger ...

ANALYZING PARTICLE

DRIFT INDICATOR

Device for measuring a measuring component contained in a raw gas stream

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung eines in einem Rohgasstrom (r) enthaltenen Messbestandteils, insbesondere zur Partikelmessung. Die Vorrichtung weist einen Rohgaspfad (1), der von einem Rohgaseinlass (2) zu einer Mischeinheit (3) verläuft, einen Messgaspfad (13), der von der Mischeinheit (3) über eine Messzelle (4), einen Messgas- Massenflussmesser (5) und eine Messgaspumpe (6) verläuft, und einen Verdünnungspfad (7), der von einem Verdünnungsgaseinlass (8) über einen Verdünnungsgas- Massenflussmesser (9) und einen Durchflussregler (10) zur Mischeinheit (3) verläuft, auf. Der Rohgasstrom (r) und ein Verdünnungsgasstrom (v) werden in der Mischeinheit (3) zu einem Messgasstrom (m) vermischt, welcher die Messzelle (4) durchströmt. Die Vorrichtung weist eine Recheneinheit (11) auf, welche auf den von der Messzelle (4) ermittelten Messwert eine Korrekturfunktion für eine Querempfindlichkeiten des Verdünnungsgas- Massenflussmessers (9) und/oder eine Querempfindlichkeit des Messgas- Massenflussmessers ...

Device for measuring a measuring component contained in a raw gas stream

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung eines in einem Rohgasstrom (r) enthaltenen Messbestandteils, insbesondere zur Partikelmessung. Die Vorrichtung weist einen Rohgaspfad (1), der von einem Rohgaseinlass (2) zu einer Mischeinheit (3) verläuft, einen Messgaspfad (13), der von der Mischeinheit (3) über eine Messzelle (4), einen Messgas- Massenflussmesser (5) und eine Messgaspumpe (6) verläuft, und einen Verdünnungspfad (7), der von einem Verdünnungsgaseinlass (8) über einen Verdünnungsgas- Massenflussmesser (9) und einen Durchflussregler (10) zur Mischeinheit (3) verläuft, auf. Der Rohgasstrom (r) und ein Verdünnungsgasstrom (v) werden in der Mischeinheit (3) zu einem Messgasstrom (m) vermischt, welcher die Messzelle (4) durchströmt. Die Vorrichtung weist eine Recheneinheit (11) auf, welche auf den von der Messzelle (4) ermittelten Messwert eine Korrekturfunktion für eine Querempfindlichkeiten des Verdünnungsgas- Massenflussmessers (9) und/oder eine Querempfindlichkeit des Messgas- Massenflussmessers ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Partikelkonzentration eines mit Partikel geladenen Messgases

Für eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Partikelkonzentration eines mit Partikel geladenen Messgases, mit der bei einem sehr großen möglichen Messbereich auf einfache Weise sowohl eine integrale Messung einer Partikelkonzentration, als auch eine zeitlich aufgelöste Messung möglich sein soll, ist vorgesehen, dass im Messgerät (1) ein Schwärzungszahl- Messgerät (12) zur integralen Messung angeordnet ist und in einem Messvolumen (8) einer Messkammer (2), das stromaufwärts des Filterpapiers (7) des Schwärzungszahl-Messgerätes (12) angeordnet ist, zusätzlich ein Streulichtmessgerät 13 zur zeitlich aufgelösten Messung angeordnet ist.

Spray characterization by optical image analysis

Optical imaging systems and methods are disclosed herein for investigating and analyzing one or more characteristics of a spray, including spray front velocity, spray sheet length, spray break-up dynamics, drift potential, and drop-size distribution. Optical imaging systems disclosed herein include an image acquisition device, one or more illumination source, a processor for processing and analyzing image data, a background, and a spray system that includes at least a nozzle. The image acquisition device and illumination sources are positioned on the same side of the spray. The processor has a first algorithm to generate a feedback correction factor and a second algorithm to identify droplets and develop a drop-size distribution for the spray. Optical imaging methods for determining spray characteristics are also disclosed and generally include the steps of providing an imaging system, capturing images of the spray with the imaging system, processing the images, and analyzing the images.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ANALYSING A CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AEROSOL PARTICLES

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) and a method for analysing a chemical composition of aerosol particles. The apparatus (1) comprises an extractive electronspray ionisation source (2) for extracting components, in particular organic compounds, from the aerosol particles and for ionising the components to ions, and a mass analyser (3), in particular a time of flight mass analyser, for analysing the ions, the mass analyser (3) fluidly coupled to the extractive electronspray ionisation source (2). The method includes the steps of extracting components, in particular organic compounds, from the aerosol particles with an extractive electronspray ionisation source (2) and ionising the components with the extractive electronspray ionisation source (2) to ions, transferring the ions to a mass analyser (3), in particular a time of flight mass analyser, the mass analyser (3) being fluidly coupled to the extractive electronspray ionisation source (2), and analysing the ions with the mass analyser ...

CHARACTERIZATION OF A CLOUD ATMOSPHERE USING LIGHT BACKSCATTERED AT TWO ANGLES

Apparatus and associated methods relate to determining an effective size, quantity, shape, and type of water particles in a cloud atmosphere based on differences in amplitudes of optical signals backscattered at different backscattering angles. Off-axis backscattering - backscattering at angles other than 180 degrees - is affected by the effective size, quantity, shape, and type of water droplets. Detected amplitudes of optical signals that are backscattered at different angles are used to indicate the effective size, quantity, shape, and type of water particles in the cloud atmosphere. In some embodiments, optical emitters and detectors are configured to measure amplitudes of optical signals backscattered at backscattering angles of both on-axis - 180 degrees - and off-axis varieties.

PROCESS OF SELECTIVE DETERMINATION Of a QUANTITY OF OIL VAPOR OR AEROSOLS

Il s'agit de proposer un procédé d'évaluation automatisé pour un impacteur comme capteur de mesure en vue de la détermination sélective de vapeur d'huile ou d'aérosols. Le procédé se compose des étapes consistant à faire tourner la plaque de déviation (5) du capteur de mesure (1) autour de l'axe de symétrie de celui-ci et à déterminer au moyen d'un dispositif d'évaluation optique, à partir de l'extinction d'un faisceau de lumière réfléchi par la plaque de déviation (5), la quantité d'huile déposée, à l'aide du changement entre l'arrière-plan et le motif généré par les micro-buses (4). The aim is to propose an automated evaluation method for an impactor as a measurement sensor for the selective determination of oil vapor or aerosols. The method comprises the steps of rotating the deflection plate (5) of the measuring sensor (1) about the axis of symmetry thereof and determining by means of an optical evaluation device, from the extinction of a beam of light reflected by the deflection plate (5), the quantity of oil deposited, using the change between the background and the pattern generated by the micro-nozzles ( 4).

SECCIONES DE PRUEBA, TÚNELES DE VIENTO QUE INCLUYEN LAS MISMAS Y MÉTODOS DE USO DE LAS MISMAS

En una realización, una sección de prueba comprende al menos una superficie que define un espacio al menos parcialmente cerrado. El espacio al menos parcialmente cerrado define una trayectoria de flujo de aire para que el aire fluya. La sección de prueba también comprende una boquilla dispuesta en el espacio al menos parcialmente cerrado. La boquilla está configurada para pulverizar una pulverización agrícola y está posicionada para emitir la pulverización agrícola de manera que al menos una sección de la pulverización agrícola muestre un ángulo no paralelo con respecto a la trayectoria del flujo de aire definida por el espacio al menos parcialmente cerrado. La sección de prueba comprende además al menos una fuente de estímulo posicionada para iluminar al menos una porción de la pulverización agrícola adyacente a la boquilla. Además, la sección de prueba comprende al menos un detector colocado para obtener imágenes de al menos la porción de la pulverización agrícola adyacente a la boquilla ...

Particle detecting module

一種微粒偵測模組，包含：一基座、一壓電致動器、一雷射組件、一微粒傳感器及一外蓋，於基座將導氣組件承載區及雷射設置區間隔，再輔以氣體流道設計，最後由驅動電路板封蓋於基座底面、外蓋封蓋基座表面，進而使基座之一進氣溝槽定義出一進氣路徑，以及使基座之一出氣溝槽定義一出氣路徑，可大幅降低微粒偵測模組之厚度。

Methods and devices for continuous sampling of airborne particles using a regenerative surface

Airborne particles are impacted on a collection surface, analyzed, and then the collection surface is regenerated. Thus, the same collection surface can be used in numerous cycles. The analysis can be focused on one or more properties of interest, such as the concentration of airborne biologicals. Sensors based on regenerative collection surfaces may be incorporated in many networks for applications such as building automation.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PHYSICAL QUANTITY OF ATOMIZED LIQUID PARTICLE

PURPOSE: To determine the temperature of a particle or the effect thereof at the time of measuring the size of an atomized liquid particle by measuring the phase shift of a scattering beam from a primary beam simultaneously at a scattering angle where the phase shift depends only on the particle size and at another scattering angle where the phase shift depends on the particle size and the refractive index and then deriving the density and the temperature of the particle from the particle size and the refractive index thus determined. CONSTITUTION: A light from a laser light source 1 is polarized and two coherent exciting beams 2, 3 are crossed in an atomized measuring space 4 and then a scattering beam generated in the measuring space 4 is measured simultaneously at different scattering angles ϕ1, ϕ2 by means of a measuring unit 5. The measuring unit 5 has two detection systems 6, 6' and one detection system 6 is directed toward a forward scattering beam in the range of 70° while the other ...

Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Typus eines Hydrometeors

Verfahren (300) zur Bestimmung eines Typus eines Hydrometeors (402, 403, 502, 503) in einem Umfeld eines optischen Sensors, aufweisend die Schritte: Aussendung (302) von Laserlicht in einen Erfassungsbereich des optischen Sensors; Empfang (303) von an wenigstens einem Partikel des Hydrometeors (402, 403, 502, 503) reflektiertem Licht; Transmission (304) von wenigstens einem Anteil des empfangenen Lichts auf wenigstens einen Detektor; Detektion (305) des transmittierten Lichts als wenigstens ein Signal; und Bestimmung (307) des Typus des Hydrometeors (402, 403, 502, 503) anhand des wenigstens einen Signals. Der Kern der Erfindung liegt darin, dass das Verfahren (300) den weiteren Schritt aufweist: Ermittlung (306) einer Anzahl detektierter Signale in wenigstens einem Zeitintervall; und wobei die Bestimmung (307) des Typus anhand der ermittelten Anzahl geschieht. A method (300) for determining a type of hydrometeor (402, 403, 502, 503) in an environment of an optical sensor, comprising the steps of: emitting (302) laser light into a detection region of the optical sensor; Receiving (303) light reflected from at least one particle of the hydrometeor (402, 403, 502, 503); Transmitting (304) at least a portion of the received light to at least one detector; Detecting (305) the transmitted light as at least one signal; and determining (307) the type of hydrometeor (402, 403, 502, 503) based on the at least one signal. The essence of the invention is that the method (300) comprises the further step of: determining (306) a number of detected signals in at least one time interval; and wherein the determination (307) of the type is made on the basis of the determined number.

Drift indicator

Particle-sensing device

A device 1 for particle sensing includes a sensor 2 comprising a bulk acoustic wave resonator 4 having a resonant frequency, an acoustic mirror 5 arranged to support the resonator, and a heater 9 in thermal communication with the resonator such that a resonator temperature is based on a heater temperature. The device also includes circuitry connected to the sensor, which comprises a driver configured to drive the heater with a driver signal having a constant periodic cycle, and an oscillator configured to generate an output signal indicative of the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency is modulated by the resonator temperature. The BAW resonator comprises piezoelectric material 6 and electrodes 7, and may include capture layer 8 for analytes such as volatile organic compounds. Substrate 10 may include a temperature sensor 11 as well as the heater 9.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Partikelkonzentration eines mit Partikel geladenen Messgases

Für eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Partikelkonzentration eines mit Partikel gelade- nen Messgases, mit der bei einem sehr großen möglichen Messbereich auf einfache Weise sowohl eine integrale Messung einer Partikelkonzentration, als auch eine zeitlich aufgelöste Messung möglich sein soll, ist vorgesehen, dass im Messgerät (1) ein Schwärzungszahl- Messgerät (12) zur integralen Messung angeordnet ist und in einem Messvolumen (8) einer Messkammer (2), das stromaufwärts des Filterpapiers (7) des Schwärzungszahl-Messgerätes (12) angeordnet ist, zusätzlich ein Streulichtmessgerät 13 zur zeitlich aufgelösten Messung angeordnet ist.

Scattering centre detector assembly and method

An assembly which comprises (a) a duct (22) for transmission of fluids, said duct having longitudinal axis, (b) at least one emitter (301) capable of exciting a beam of radiation (21) in the form of a cone having root angles β and β, which may be the same or different, into a cross section area of a duct to be analysed in a direction downstream of fluid flow in the duct at an angle λ from the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct, the angle λ being between 5° to 45°, (c) a detector (23, 304) sensitive to radiation radiated by scattering centres in the fluid over at least 1% of the cross sectional area of the duct, the direction of the central axis of the emitter cone being at an angle α to the direction of the central axis of the detector cone, the detector cone having root angles β and β, which may be the same or different and the detector cone having angle λ perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct, the direction of the detector being downstream of fluid flow in the duct, the angle α being in the range 0° to 180° and angle λ being between 5° to 45°, the detector collecting scattered radiation and the detector being coupled to (d) a collator (310) for collecting data from the detector.

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF POUR LA DETECTION DU BROUILLARD ET SON APPLICATION A L'AIDE A LA CONDUITE D'UN VEHICULE.

UNE EMISSION DE LUMIERE INFRA-ROUGE EST RETRO-DIFFUSEE PAR LE BROUILLARD. LA PARTIE RETRODIFFUSEE EST CAPTEE PUIS ANALYSEE, CE QUI PERMET DE DEDUIRE LA VISIBILITE. EN FONCTION DES CARACTERISTIQUES PROPRES DE LA VOITURE, CELA PERMET DE CALCULER UNE VITESSE CONSEILLEE FONCTION DE LA VISIBILITE. CETTE VITESSE CONSEILLEE EST COMPAREE A LA VITESSE REELLE DU VEHICULE, CE QUI PERMET D'INDIQUER AU CONDUCTEUR LE RISQUE QU'IL PREND PAR RAPPORT A LA VISIBILITE PERMISE PAR LE BROUILLARD. LE SYSTEME COMPREND: -UNE OPTIQUE D'EMISSION -UNE OPTIQUE DE RECEPTION -UNE ELECTRONIQUE DE TRAITEMENT -UNE SIGNALISATION AU CONDUCTEUR PAR VOYANTS. LES ESSAIS SERONT FAITS AVEC L'APPAREIL MONTE DERRIERE LE PARE-BRISE SUR LA PLANCHE DE BORD.

PROCESSING SYSTEM, PROCESSING METHOD, AND STORAGE MEDIUM

According to one embodiment, a processing system includes a chamber, a supplier, a detector, and a controller. The chamber is configured to store a processing object inside. The supplier is configured to supply a plurality of particles and a gas inside the chamber. The detector is configured to detect a state of air flow in a vicinity of the processing object. The controller is configured to control the supplier based on a detection value from the detector. The controller determines generation of a vortex based on data regarding a steady state of the air flow and the detection value from the detector, and controls the supplier to stop supply of the plurality of particles when the generation of the vortex is determined. 1. A processing system , comprising:a chamber configured to store a processing object inside;a supplier configured to supply a plurality of particles and a gas inside the chamber;a detector configured to detect a state of air flow in a vicinity of the processing object; anda controller configured to control the supplier based on a detection value from the detector, determining generation of a vortex based on data regarding a steady state of the air flow and the detection value from the detector, and', 'controlling the supplier to stop supply of the plurality of particles when the generation of the vortex is determined., 'the controller'}2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein determines disappearance of the vortex based on the data regarding the steady state of the air flow and the detection value from the detector, and', 'controlling the supplier to restart the supply of the plurality of particles when the disappearance of the vortex is determined., 'the controller'}3. The system according to claim 1 , whereinthe controller controls the supplier to maintain a flow rate of the gas or change the flow rate of the gas when the generation of the vortex is determined.4. The system according to claim 1 , whereinthe controller is configured to predict ...

Electrooptical system and technique for direct quantitative measurement of the mass concentration of monodisperse aerosols

An electrooptical system and technique for direct quantitative measurement of the mass concentration of monodisperse aerosols by means of filling an enclosed chamber with a cloud or a sequence of separate clouds of essentially transparent and spherical, aerosolized particles or droplets of known density and known or selectively controlled particle size. While within the confines of the chamber the cloud, or each of the sequence of clouds, of aerosolized particles is maintained in a homogeneous condition and irradiated with a beam of high-intensity and constant wavelength irradiation selected to possess a wavelength to particle size ratio wherein attenuation of the irradiation will be almost exclusively, if not nearly entirely, attributable to optical scattering. The mass concentration of the cloud, or each of the sequence of clouds, of aerosolized particles is directly and quantitatively measured, or monitored, as a direct function of the measured magnitude, or intensity, of the attenuated ...

MIST-CONTAINING GAS ANALYSIS DEVICE

A mist-containing gas analysis device comprises a measuring instrument that measures a pressure, a temperature, a flow rate and water content of a combustion exhaust gas, a collection container, a sampling tube and a guide tube through which the combustion exhaust gas is suctioned by a suction blower, and is sampled and fed into a collection liquid in the collection container, an arithmetic and control device that controls the suction blower such that a suction velocity of the combustion exhaust gas being suctioned by the suction blower is within a predetermined ratio with respect to a combustion exhaust gas flow velocity which is calculated based on the measured values, liquid aliquot taking means for taking an aliquot of the liquid in the collection container, and a measuring device that measures a concentration of the measurement-target substance in the aliquot of the liquid taken by the liquid aliquot taking means.

SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING PLANAR DROP SIZES

A system includes a method and apparatus suitable for measuring planar drop sizes in a liquid spray. Measurement may involve illuminating the spray with multiple lasers and measuring the scattered intensities at several view angles using linear arrays. The system may use inverse calculation of the measured scattered intensity to estimate the local drop sizes across the entire plane in a spray. The system includes radiation detectors containing sensing elements, a lens systems, and analog to digital conversion board to convert scattered intensities to drop sizes. In addition, the system may include choppers including at least two unique filters. The filters may be selectively placed in a path between the spray and the sensing elements. By selectively placing a single array may measure both a scattered intensity and an extinction of laser light emitted from the spray. 1. An apparatus comprising:a plurality of lasers with optical elements to create a laser sheet;a plurality of array detectors configured to measure a scattered intensity and the extinction of the laser sheet;a plurality of choppers, at least one chopper disposed in a respective path between each of the lasers and each of the array detectors; anda plurality of neutral density filters, each chopper including at least one neutral density filter, the neutral density filters configured to attenuate laser light generated by the lasers to avoid saturating the array detectors.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the array detectors comprise a linear array of detectors.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a density of the laser sheet is uniform.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the laser sheet comprises a wavelength in a visible light spectrum.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the laser sheet comprises a wavelength in an x-ray spectrum.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a processor configured to deconvolute a drop size of a plurality of drops included in the spray using the measured ...

Method and apparatus for investigating temporal development of particles or droplets in gas-vapor mixture

The present invention relates to a method for investigating the behavior of particles or droplets in a gas-vapor mixture inside a flow device, which is useful for studying cloud dynamical and microphysical processes. The invention allows adjustment and/or control of the thermodynamic system parameters based on the observed behavior of an internal standard with known properties, thus achieving a well-defined vapor concentration and saturation field inside the flow device. By injecting particles or droplets to be investigated into this well defined flow device, and measuring the size of the particles or droplets, the activation and growth or shrinking behavior of the particles or droplets may be determined using a mathematical model of the fluid, thermodynamic, and chemical conditions of the flow device.

Aerosol Collection System and Method

The present invention relates to systems and methods for collecting and analyzing bioaerosols, including exhaled breath aerosol from a subject. The collection system comprises an inlet portion configured to receive a gaseous fluid containing water vapor and aerosol particles. A primary passage for gaseous fluid flow is in fluid communication with the inlet portion and configured to channel the gaseous fluid flow therethrough. An outlet portion is in fluid communication with the primary passage. A sample collection region is provided, which is configured to receive from the outlet portion aerosol particles from the gaseous fluid, wherein the aerosol particles are impacted onto a layer of ice.

ONLINE MEASURING METHOD OF PARTICLE VELOCITY IN MULTIPHASE SYSTEM

The method can realize real-time measurement of the velocity distribution of bubbles, droplets or solid particles in a multiphase reactor, and the measurement accuracy is high.

IMPROVED CONTROL APPARATUS FOR A SPRAYING PLANT

Improved control apparatus (1) for a plant (100) or a spraying device, said plant (100) or device comprising at least one spray gun (14) configured to spray a treatment liquid on at least one product (8) to be treated by generating a corresponding spray pattern (22), said apparatus comprises: - at least one light source (30) arranged to face towards said spray pattern (22) and configured to generate at least one electromagnetic radiation beam (32) directed to cross said spray pattern (22) thus defining an intersection zone (31); - at least one image sensor (24) arranged to face towards said intersection zone (31) of said spray pattern (22) and configured to acquire at least an image of said intersection zone (31) of said spray pattern (22), - a processing unit in data link with said image sensor (24) which receives said at least one image captured by said at least one image sensor (24), said processing unit being configured to process the image (24) thus received, preferably so as to calculate ...

Ermittlung des Ölauswurfs einer Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung einer Brennkraftmaschine

Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Ölauswurfs einer Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung einer Brennkraftmaschine (1), wobei das Entlüftungsgas durch einen Filter geführt wird, und wobei der Filter vor und nach seinem Messeinsatz verwogen wird, und wobei die Gewichtsdifferenz des Filters zur Bestimmung der Ölauswurfsmenge herangezogen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filter vor und nach der Messung, jeweils bevor er verwogen wird, auf mehr als 100°C beheizt wird, und zwar auf eine Temperatur zwischen 100°C und 110°C.

Apparatus and method to measure flare burner fallout

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to measure fallout from a liquid flare burner. An example apparatus includes a device configurator to invoke a first control valve to isolate the liquid flare burner from a test fluid source, and invoke a second control valve to fluidly couple the liquid flare burner to a hydrocarbon source to generate unburned fallout droplets to be captured by first and second measurement surfaces in first and second measurement regions, a parameter calculator to calculate first and second fallout volumes associated with the unburned fallout droplets captured by the first and second measurement surfaces, and determine a fallout efficiency of the liquid flare burner based on the first and second fallout volumes, and a burner configurator to, in response to the fallout efficiency not satisfying a fallout efficiency threshold, adjust a configuration of the liquid flare burner based on the fallout efficiency.

Apparatus for measuring a droplet size distribution based on the scattered light intensity of light applied to the droplets

A droplet size measuring apparatus of the forward scattering method, wherein particles to be measured in a scattering zone having a predetermined scattering path length are irradiated with parallel laser beams. The irradiated beams are scattered by the particles and the scattering beams are detected by the photodetectors arranged at predetermined scattering angles. The output of the photodetectors are input to an arithmetic operating unit, thus the intensity distribution I( theta ) of the scattered beams is measured. The droplet size distribution n(D) is calculated from the intensity distribution I( theta ) using the following equation: I( theta )= INTEGRAL {I0 exp(-l INTEGRAL c(D)n(D)dD. INTEGRAL i(D, theta + theta l)n(D)d(D)}dl ...

PRESSURE-FLOW REDUCER FOR AEROSOL FOCUSING DEVICES

Cascade impactor

A cascade impactor 30 for measuring particle size distribution of an aerosol containing nicotine. The cascade impactor has an induction port 32 for receiving an inhaler 31 and at least one sample collection stage 33 having a nozzle assembly and collection means. Where the collection means is coated with isopropyl alcohol. Optionally, the cascade impactor features at least five or seven collection stages. Optionally, the cascade impactor is a Next Generation Impactor, an Andersen Cascade Impactor, a Multi-stage Liquid Impinger, a Marple-Miller Cascade Impactor or a Twin Impinger. Optionally, the cascade impactor has a micro-orifice collector. Optionally, the isopropyl alcohol is present in an amount no greater than 5 mL or 3 mL in each of the sample collection stages that are coated with alcohol. Optionally, at least one or seven of the sample collection stages are coated with glycerine, silicone oil Tween 80 or a mixture thereof. Optionally, the sample collection stages are removed from ...

Method for the selective determination of a quantity of oil mist or aerosols

A method for the selective determination of the quantity of oil mist or aerosols in a gas sample with a device which comprises an impactor as a measuring sensor 1 which comprises micro-nozzles 4 for metering a predetermined test gas flow and a baffle plate 5 downstream of the micro-nozzles for separating a non-rotation-symmetrical pattern of aerosol or oil particles; the method including causing the baffle plate to rotate about the axis of symmetry of the measuring sensor and determining the separated oil quantity, by means of an optical evaluation device, from the extinction of a light beam reflected by the baffle plate due to the change between grey values of the background and the pattern. The pattern may be a strip, a rectangle, a square or a triangle. A print-mark reader may be used as the optical evaluation device.

Pressure-flow reducer for aerosol focusing devices

Test sections, wind tunnels including the same, and methods of using the same

In an embodiment, a test section comprises at least one surface defining an at least partially enclosed space. The at least partially enclosed space defines an airflow path for air to flow. The test section also comprises a nozzle disposed in the at least partially enclosed space. The nozzle is configured to spray an agricultural spray and is positioned to emit the agricultural spray such that at least a section of the agricultural spray exhibits a non-parallel angle relative to the airflow path defined by the at least partially enclosed space. The test section further comprises at least one stimulus source positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the agricultural spray adjacent to the nozzle. Additionally, the test section comprises at least one detector positioned to image at least the portion of the agricultural spray adjacent to the nozzle. 128 110 116 108 112 10412 --- 114fleL-4 -11 Stimulus U T Detector Source 106 122 124 120 116 - 126-, 122 128- 10_116 Souce 8 Detector ...

AIRCRAFT AND WARNING DEVICE FOR AN "ENGINE OIL SMELL" IN A CABIN OF AN AIRCRAFT

The invention relates to an aircraft (1) having at least two aero engines (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), having a device for diverting bleed air from the various aero engines (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) in order to supply air to an air-conditioning system of an aircraft cabin, wherein at least two air-quality sensor devices (16, 17, 18) are provided which separately detect the quality of the bleed air diverted from the various aero engines (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and an indicator device (24) is provided which displays an aero-engine-individualized signal depending on the signals from the various quality sensor devices (16, 17, 18).

METHOD FOR DETECTING DRIPPING DROPLET

A method for detecting a dripping transparent droplet which can preferably be applied to remotely and successively detect the leak of a liquid in a place inaccessible by a person. The method comprises subjecting parallel rays of light to enter the dripping droplet to generate light scattered from the droplet at a predetermined scattering angle, the scattered light being composed of light reflected by the surface of the droplet and light transmitted and refracted in the droplet and then emitted from the surface thereof; imaging the scattered light on a one-dimensional photosensor by an optical imaging system to form in the image two luminescent spots resulting from the reflected light and the transmitted-refracted light; and determining a diameter of the droplet from a distance between two luminescent spots and a magnification of the optical imaging system.

PRESSURE-FLOW REDUCER FOR AEROSOL FOCUSING DEVICES

A pressure-flow reducer, and an aerosol focusing system incorporating such a pressure-flow reducer, for performing high-flow, atmosphere-pressure sampling while delivering a tightly focused particle beam in vacuum via an aerodynamic focusing lens stack. The pressure-flow reducer has an inlet nozzle for adjusting the sampling flow rate, a pressure-flow reduction region with a skimmer and pumping ports for reducing the pressure and flow to enable interfacin with low pressure, low flow aerosol focusing devices, and a relaxation chamber for slowing or stopping aerosol particles. In this manner, the pressure-flow reducer decouples pressure from flow, and enables aerosol sampling at atmospheric pressure and at rates greater than 1 liter per minute.

METHOD FOR BIOEQUIVALENCE TESTING OF A DISTRIBUTION DEVICE

TEST SECTIONS, WIND TUNNELS INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACKNOWLEDGED AIR FLOW AND THE USE OF SUCH APPARATUS IN MEASURING PARTICLE CONCENTRATION IN ACKNOWLEDGED AIR FLOW

Apparatus (1) for generating acknowledged flow (Q), comprising a first passage (2) with ends (3,4) for acknowledged flow (Q) inlet and outlet, a discharge electrode (5) for generating airborne unipolar ions (8) positioned inside the first passage (2), a counter electrode (6) adapted to attract said airborne ions (8), thereby being adapted to cause a net flow (7) of airborne ions (8) and thereby generating an airflow (Q) in the direction of the net flow of airborne ions (8), sensing element (12, 13), the output of which is a function of the concentration of the airborne electric charge (8, 11), means (17) for switching or modulating a parameter which affects the output of the sensing element (12,13) and means for determining the volumetric flow (Q) on the basis of the time response which switching or modulation creates to the sensing element (12,13) output. 11. Use of apparatus (1) as described in the previous claims for determining ultrafine particle concentration. Process for generating ...

SCATTERING CENTRE DETECTOR ASSEMBLY AND METHOD

An assembly which comprises (a) a duct (22) for transmission of fluids, said duct having longitudinal axis, (b) at least one emitter (301) capable of exciting a beam of radiation (21) in the form of a cone having root angles βex and βey, which may be the same or different, into a cross section area of a duct to be analysed in a direction downstream of fluid flow in the duct at an angle λe from the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct, the angle λe being between 5° to 45°, (c) a detector (23, 304) sensitive to radiation radiated by scattering centres in the fluid over at least 1% of the cross sectional area of the duct, the direction of the central axis of the emitter cone being at an angle α to the direction of the central axis of the detector cone, the detector cone having root angles βdx and βdy, which may be the same or different and the detector cone having angle λd perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct, the direction of the detector being downstream ...

Method for surface deposition of concentrated airborne particles

The present invention employs a virtual impactor to separate a flow of fluid into a major flow and a minor flow, such that the minor flow contains a higher concentration of particulates of a desired size. The minor flow is directed toward an archival surface, causing the particulates to impact against and be deposited on the archival surface. Over time, the archival surface and the virtual impactor are moved relative to one another such that particulates collected at different times are deposited as spaced-apart spots on different portions of the archival surface. The particulates are stored on the archival surface until analysis of the particulates is required. The archival surface can be coated with a material that enhances the deposition and retention of the particulates and can further be coated with materials that sustain the life of biological organism particulates deposited on the archival surface.

Optical system for measuring diameter, distribution and so forth of micro bubbles and micro liquid drop

The present invention expands a method of measuring the diameter, spatial distribution and so forth of micro liquid droplets by measuring the diameter of each out-of-focus image obtained by defocusing and the number of interference fringes in the out-of-focus image into a measuring method for micro gas bubbles and allows the method to be applied to a case where the spatial distribution density of micro liquid droplets and micro gas bubbles is high. A sheet-shaped parallel laser beam (2) is applied to a liquid space in which micro gas bubbles (10) are floating, and out-of-focus images of micro gas bubbles (10) irradiated with the laser beam (2) are captured at a defocus plane (8) through an objective lens (6) from a lateral direction which is at an angle theta to the direction of travel of the laser beam. The number of interference fringes (9) in an out-of-focus image (10'') corresponding to a micro gas bubble (10) is measured, and the diameter of the micro gas bubble (10) is determined ...

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dokumentation des Sprühbilds einer Spritzwasserdüse

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (1) zur Dokumentation des Sprühbilds (10) einer Spritzwasserdüse (2) mit einer Halterung für die zu untersuchende Spritzwasserdüse (2), und einem Strahler (9), der einen Lichtstrahl, der sich in einer Messebene (3) entlang einer Strahlachse ausbreitet, oder einen Lichtvorhang (4), der sich in einer Messebene (3) ausbreitet, erzeugen kann.Die Vorrichtung weist eine Kamera (5) auf, die ein Bild oder eine Abfolge von Bildern aufnehmen kann und eine optische Achse (6) aufweist, die die Messebene (3) schneidet.

Method and apparatus for monitoring fog density

A fog density monitor 1 comprises means to indicate fog density and forward data to a controller. A system for monitoring and controlling fog density further comprises a fog delivery apparatus (300, Fig 3) and a controller for controlling the delivery of fog in response to the fog density data. The system finds application in maintaining the freshness of produce by promoting natural hydration and distributing biocides. The monitor may comprise an infrared transmitter 25 arranged opposite a receiver. The system may comprise a plurality of monitors 1 and delivery apparatuses (300, Fig 3), as well as a plurality of fans to maintain uniform fog density. The fog may be dry fog and may be generated by piezoelectric ultra-sonic nebulisation. The fog or mist may include a chemical agent such as a biocide or plant food.

Cascade impactor

Improved aerosol sensor testing

Method and device for detecting fog and its application to assisting the driving of a vehicle

An infrared light emission is backscattered by the fog. The backscattered part is picked up and then analysed, which allows the visibility to be deduced. As a function of the individual characteristics of the car, this allows a recommended speed to be calculated as a function of the visibility. This recommended speed is compared with the actual speed of the vehicle, which makes it possible to indicate to the driver the risk which he is taking relative to the visibility allowed by the fog. The system comprises: - an emission optical system - a receiving optical system - processing electronics - a system for signalling to the driver using warning lights. The tests will be made with the apparatus mounted behind the windscreen on the dashboard.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPTICAL DETECTION OF OBJECTS IN A FLUID

Ce système (10) de détection optique d'objets (12) dans un fluide (14) comprend une source lumineuse (20) configurée pour éclairer le fluide selon une direction d'éclairement (X), et un dispositif (22) d'acquisition d'un rayonnement émis par le fluide éclairé, le dispositif d'acquisition comportant une lentille (24) de focalisation du rayonnement, un capteur d'image(s) (26) configuré pour acquérir au moins une image du rayonnement émis et focalisé par la lentille, et un masque (28) comportant une partie opaque (30), une première zone (32) de passage du rayonnement et une deuxième zone (34) de passage du rayonnement, la deuxième zone étant distincte de la première zone. En vue selon la direction d'éclairement, la première zone (32) est en forme d'une bande en arc de cercle, et la deuxième zone (34) est disposée à l'intérieur d'un disque dont le bord extérieur est en partie formé par un bord intérieur de la première zone. The optical object detection (10) system (10) in a fluid (14) includes a light source (20) configured to illuminate the fluid in an illumination direction (X), and a device (22) for acquisition of a radiation emitted by the illuminated fluid, the acquisition device comprising a radiation focusing lens (24), an image sensor (26) configured to acquire at least one transmitted and focused radiation image by the lens, and a mask (28) having an opaque portion (30), a first radiation passing region (32) and a second radiation passing region (34), the second region being distinct from the first region. In view in the direction of illumination, the first zone (32) is in the form of an arcuate band, and the second zone (34) is disposed inside a disk whose outer edge is in part formed by an inner edge of the first zone.

APPARATUS FOR MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE OR DROPLET VELOCITY

An apparatus (34) for measuring the velocity of a droplet a liquid includes a laser (36) for generating a beam of light into the shape of a thin sheet. A beam divider (40) is along the first path (38) of the light for dividing the beam into two separate beams which extends along second (42) and third (44) paths. The second (42) and third (44) paths lie in a common plane. Along the second (42) and third (44) paths is a device (60) for projecting a droplet of liquid across the second (42) and third paths (44) so that the droplet passes through both of the divided beams. At least one photodetector (52, 54) is along both the second (42) and third paths (44) to receive the divided beams and provide an electrical signal corresponding to the beams. A beam divider (40) which is used to divide the beam into two beams includes a body (62) of an optically transparent material having at least two flat front surfaces (68, 70) which are at an angle with respect to each other to form a V having a sharp ...

LIGHT EXTINCTION TOMOGRAPHY FOR MEASUREMENT OF ICE CRYSTALS AND OTHER SMALL PARTICLES

A tomography duct for wind tunnels includes a plurality of light sources and sensors displaced around a support structure. The light sources are cycled and sensor measurements are made from sensors opposite the light sources. Tomographic algorithms are used to determine an extinction map from the sensor measurements. The extinction map provides details about particles in a cross-section of the air flow through the tomography duct.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACKNOWLEDGED AIR FLOW AND THE USE OF SUCH APPARATUS IN MEASURING PARTICLE CONCENTRATION IN ACKNOWLEDGED AIR FLOW

Beschleunigte Stabilitätsanalyse

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR MESSUNG EINES FLÜSSIGKEITSTRÖPFCHEN

Method for the selective determination of a quantity of oil mist or aerosols

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ANALYZING PARTICLE-CONTAINING GASEOUS SUSPENSIONS

SPRAY DROPLET ANALYZERS

... 1,245,319. Counting apparatus; selective signalling. PARKER-HANNIFIN CORP. 15 Oct., 1969 [19 Nov., 1968], No. 50677/69. Headings G4D and G4H. The performance of an atomizing nozzle is evaluated by automatically counting into size ranges the number of droplets in successive small regions of the spray produced by the nozzle. The test is repeated, e.g. 100 times, for each small region and the results are analysed statistically. The droplets within each small region 24, Fig. 7, are isolated from the rest of the spray 22 by illuminating the spray with a flash of light from a xenon tube 11, by optically focusing an image of the region 24 under consideration on to a videcon tube 12, the depth of focus only being sufficient to cover the region, and hence images of droplets in front or behind the region will be blurred, and by differentiating the resulting video signal, since only those droplets which are in focus will produce sharp, small rise-time, signals. Once a particular region has been examined ...

Spray characterization by optical image analysis

Optical imaging systems and methods are disclosed herein for investigating and analyzing one or more characteristics of a spray, including spray front velocity, spray sheet length, spray break-up dynamics, drift potential, and drop-size distribution. Optical imaging systems disclosed herein include an image acquisition device, one or more illumination source, a processor for processing and analyzing image data, a background, and a spray system that includes at least a nozzle. The image acquisition device and illumination sources are positioned on the same side of the spray. The processor has a first algorithm to generate a feedback correction factor and a second algorithm to identify droplets and develop a drop-size distribution for the spray. Optical imaging methods for determining spray characteristics are also disclosed and generally include the steps of providing an imaging system, capturing images of the spray with the imaging system, processing the images, and analyzing the images.

SMART NEBULIZER

A nebulizer system capable of identifying when activation has occurred and aerosol is being produced. The nebulizer system monitors the inhalation and exhalation flow generated by the patient and communicates proper breathing technique for optimal drug delivery. The nebulizer system may monitor air supply to the nebulizer to ensure it is within the working range and is producing, or is capable of producing, acceptable particle size and drug output rate. When a patient, caregiver or other user deposits or inserts medication into the nebulizer, the nebulizer system is able to identify the medication and determine the appropriate delivery methods required to properly administer the medication as well as output this information into a treatment log to ensure the patient is taking the proper medications. The system is able to measure the concentration of the medication and volume of the medication placed within the medication receptacle, e.g., bowl.

Method and device for the comprehensive characterisation and monitoring of exhaust gases and the regulation of engines in particular internal combustion engines and components for the treatment of exhaust gas

Process for determining properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas, wherein the process includes detecting Raman scattering produced in a test area by excitation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser and determining at least one of a type and composition of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas and concentrations of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas. This abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Method and apparatus for determining the size of aerosol particles

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus (1) for determining an aerosol particle size distribution. The method includes the steps of modulating an aerosol particle beam (6) with an aerosol particle gate (2) which is controlled by a modulation function for generating a modulated aerosol particle beam, of guiding the modulated aerosol particle beam through a drifting region (3), of measuring a signal of the modulated aerosol particle beam after the modulated aerosol particle beam has passed the drifting region (3) and of calculating a correlation of the modulation function and the signal in order to determine the size distribution of the aerosol particles. The apparatus (1) includes an aerosol particle gate (2) which is controlled by a modulation function for generating from an aerosol particle beam (6) a modulated aerosol particle beam, a drifting region (3) through which the modulated aerosol particle beam is guidable, a detector (4) by which the signal of the modulated aerosol ...

Method for the selective determination of a quantity of oil mist or aerosols

An automated analysis method for an impactor used as a measuring transducer for the selective determination of oil mist or aerosols. The process includes the steps of rotating the deflector plate (5) of the measuring transducer (1) about the symmetry axis thereof and of determining the quantity of oil deposited by means of an optical analyzing device from the extinction of a light beam reflected from deflector plate (5) due to the alternation between the background and the pattern produced by the micronozzles (4).

METHODS OF DETERMINING WATER DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF CLOUDS

In one aspect, methods of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud comprises sampling a depth of the cloud with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, measuring a scattering signal of the electromagnetic radiation returned from the cloud over a range of field of view angles to provide a measured scattering curve [P total(.theta.)], removing a portion of the measured scattering curve, replacing the removed portion with an extrapolation of the remaining measured scattering curve to provide an estimated scattering curve, and determining a first estimate droplet size distribution [n(1)(D)] from the estimated scattering curve.

DEVICE OF DETECTION OF SUBSTANCES ETRANGERES THROUGH a WALL AND ASSISTANCE SYSTEM WITH the VEHICLE DRIVING OR AIRCRAFT

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR the DETECTION OF the FOG AND ITS APPLICATION TO the ASSISTANCE WITH the CONTROL Of a VEHICLE.

METHOD FOR BIOEQUIVALENCE TESTING OF A DISTRIBUTION DEVICE

SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING AN ENSEMBLE CHARACTERISTIC OF A PARTICLE-LADEN FLOW

A system and method are described for rendering a characteristic for a set of particles passing through a measurement volume of a particle optical measurement system. The method includes acquiring raw particle data for the particles passing through the measurement volume. The raw particle data comprises a set of raw particle records. Each particle record comprises at least: a trajectory of at least one particle, and a second primary mark of the at least one particle whose value influences an effective sampling area corresponding to the measurement volume. The method includes generating and storing an effective sampling area based upon: the trajectory of the at least one particle, and the second primary mark. Thereafter, an ensemble characteristic is rendered for the set of particles by performing an operation on the sampling area-corrected set of particle records.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN OPTIMIZED COATING, AND COATING WHICH CAN BE OBTAINED USING SAID METHOD

Described herein is a method for producing at least one coating (B) on a substrate, including provision of a coating material composition (BZ) (1), determination of at least one characteristic variable of a drop size distribution within a spray formed on atomization of the coating material composition (BZ), and/or of the homogeneity of this spray (2), reduction of the at least one characteristic variable and/or homogeneity of the spray (3), application of at least the coating material composition (BZ) obtained after step (3), to a substrate, to form at least one film (F) (4), and physical curing, chemical curing and/or radiation curing at least of the at least one film (F) formed on the substrate by application of (BZ), to produce the coating (B) on the substrate. Also described herein is a coating (B) located on a substrate and obtainable by means of this method. 11. A method for producing at least one coating (B) on a substrate , the method comprising:{'b': '1', '(1) provision of a coating material composition (BZ),'}{'b': '1', 'claim-text': {'sub': T1', 'Total1', 'T2', 'Total2', 'T1', 'T2', 'Total1', 'Total2, 'wherein the homogeneity of the spray corresponds to a ratio of two quotients T/Tand T/Tto one another as a measure of a local distribution of transparent and nontransparent drops at two different positions within the spray, with Tcorresponding to a number of transparent drops at a first position 1, Tcorresponding to a number of transparent drops at a second position 2, Tcorresponding to a number of all drops of the spray and hence to a sum total of transparent drops and nontransparent drops at position 1, and Tcorresponding to a number of all drops of the spray and hence to a sum total of transparent drops and nontransparent drops at position 2, with position 1 being nearer to a center of the spray than position 2,'}, '(2) determination of at least one characteristic variable of a drop size distribution within a spray formed on atomization of the coating ...

Systems and methods for detecting thermodynamic phase of clouds with optical polarization

A method and system for imaging thermodynamic phase of clouds includes obtaining a spatially-resolved polarimetric image of a region of the sky containing a cloud using a multipixel image sensor having multiple channels corresponding to different wavelength bands, determining a value of the Stokes S1polarization parameter of incident light on each pixel corresponding to a portion of the image containing the cloud for multiple channels corresponding to different wavelength bands, and determining the thermodynamic phase of the cloud within the image based on the values of the Stokes S1polarization parameter. The Stokes S1polarization parameter values determined for a first channel corresponding to a first wavelength band is used to determine a liquid thermodynamic phase, and the Stokes S1polarization parameter values determined for a second channel corresponding to a second, shorter wavelength band is used to determine an ice thermodynamic phase.

IMPROVED FLUID DISPENSING PROCESS CONTROL USING MACHINE LEARNING AND SYSTEM IMPLEMENTING THE SAME

METHOD OF MEASURING SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FINE BUBBLE AND FINE DROPLET, AND MEASURING OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR MEASURING SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FINE BUBBLE AND FINE DROPLET

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a method of measuring a diameter of a defocused image obtained by out-of-focus and the number of interference fringes therein to measure a size and a space distribution of a fine droplet expanded for a fine bubble, and to make the method applicable even when space distribution concentrations of the fine droplets and the fine bubbles are high. SOLUTION: A sheetlike parallel laser beam 2 is emitted in a liquid space floated with the fine bibbles 10, the fine bubble 10 irradiated by the laser beam 2 is photographed defocusedly in a defocus face 8 from a sideface direction forming an angle θ with respect to a laser beam advancing direction via an objective lens 6, and the number of the interference fringes in the defocused image 10" corresponding to the fine bubble 10 is measured to find the diameter of the fine bubble 10 pursuant to Expression 4. COPYRIGHT: (C)2002,JPO ...

Real-time detection of particulate matter during deposition chamber manufacturing

Implementations disclosed describe a system that includes a deposition chamber, a light source to produce an incident beam of light, wherein the incident beam of light is to illuminate a region of the deposition chamber, and a camera to collect a scattered light originating from the illuminated region of the deposition chamber, wherein the scattered light is to be produced upon interaction of the first incident beam of light with particles inside the illuminated region of the deposition chamber. The described system may optionally have a processing device, coupled to the camera, to generate scattering data for a plurality of locations of the illuminated region, wherein the scattering data for each location comprises intensity of the scattered light originating from this location.

Atmospheric Channel Characterization System and Method Using Target Image Information

A system and method involve transmitting, using an optical device, a plurality of optical pulses into an atmospheric propagation channel towards a target object. Using an imaging device, more than one optical signals and an image of the target object are detected from the atmospheric propagation channel. The optical signals are produced by interaction between the transmitted optical pulses and the atmospheric propagation channel and include elastic backscatter return signals, inelastic backscatter return signals, and polarization signals. A processor simultaneously processes the elastic and inelastic backscatter return signals, the polarization signals, and information contained within the image of the target to determine estimates of one or more physical parameters of the atmospheric propagation channel. The processor uses machine learning algorithms to enhance/restore the image of the target, to perform pattern-recognition and classification of the target, and to extract additional atmospheric propagation channel physical characteristics.

LIGHT EXTINCTION TOMOGRAPHY FOR MEASUREMENT OF ICE CRYSTALS AND OTHER SMALL PARTICLES

A tomography duct for wind tunnels includes a plurality of light sources and sensors displaced around a support structure. The light sources are cycled and sensor measurements are made from sensors opposite the light sources. Tomographic algorithms are used to determine an extinction map from the sensor measurements. The extinction map provides details about particles in a cross-section of the air flow through the tomography duct. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. A method , comprising:measuring a dark current of a sensor element;emitting light from a light source across a tomography duct through which an air flow can be passed;receiving, by a sensor element positioned across the tomography duct, the emitted light;measuring on the sensor element an unextinguished light intensity of the emitted light;calibrating a tomography algorithm based at least in part on the dark current and the unextinguished light intensity;receiving a plurality of particles into the air flow;measuring on the sensor element an extinguished light intensity of the emitted light caused by the one or more of the plurality of particles in the air flow;reconstructing, using the calibrated tomography algorithm, an extinction map of a cross-section of the air flow based at least in part on the extinguished light intensity.12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:generating the air flow; andinjecting the plurality of particles into the air flow.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of particles is selected from the group consisting of water droplets claim 12 , supercooled water droplets claim 12 , and ice particles.14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:adjusting the intensity of the light emitted from the light source based on the measured unextinguished light intensity.15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:determining one or more characteristics of one or more ...

AIRCRAFT AND WARNING DEVICE OF AN AIRCRAFT

An aircraft having at least two aero engines is provided with an air diverter configured to divert bleed air from the aero engines in order to supply air to an air-conditioning system of an aircraft cabin; an air-quality sensor configured to monitor air quality of the bleed air diverted from at least one of the aero engines and, on detection of pollution, to transmit a signal; and an indicator configured to display an indication depending on the signal transmitted from the air-quality sensor. 1. An aircraft having at least two aero engines the aircraft comprising:an air diverter configured to divert bleed air from the aero engines in order to supply air to an air-conditioning system of an aircraft cabin;an air-quality sensor configured to monitor air quality of the bleed air diverted from at least one of the aero engines and, on detection of pollution, to transmit a signal; andan indicator configured to display an indication depending on the signal transmitted from the air-quality sensor.2. The aircraft according to comprising:a plurality of air quality sensors, comprising the air quality sensor, which are configured to separately detect the air quality of the bleed air diverted from the aero engines, the air quality sensors configured to transmit signals, comprising the signal, based upon detecting the pollution,wherein the indicator is configured to display an aero-engine-individualised indication depending on the signals from the air quality sensors.3. The aircraft according to comprising a common evaluator to which the signals of the air-quality sensors are fed and which is configured to generate the indication displayed by the indicator from the signals of the air-quality sensors.4. The aircraft according to claim 2 , or claim 2 , whereinthe indicator has a plurality of display fields or display elements each associated with an aero engine or a group of aero engines of the aero engines, andthe aero-engine-individualised indication is realised by displaying an ...

Spray characterization by optical image analysis

Optical imaging systems and methods are disclosed herein for investigating and analyzing one or more characteristics of a spray, including spray front velocity, spray sheet length, spray break-up dynamics, drift potential, and drop-size distribution. Optical imaging systems disclosed herein include an image acquisition device, one or more illumination source, a processor for processing and analyzing image data, a background, and a spray system that includes at least a nozzle. The image acquisition device and illumination sources are positioned on the same side of the spray. The processor has a first algorithm to generate a feedback correction factor and a second algorithm to identify droplets and develop a drop-size distribution for the spray. Optical imaging methods for determining spray characteristics are also disclosed and generally include the steps of providing an imaging system, capturing images of the spray with the imaging system, processing the images, and analyzing the images.

Particulate Collection and Analysis

Embodiments relate to a system for particulate matter collection and analysis. The embodiments include system components and an associated control system. One or more of the components are dynamically adjustable. Fluid flow is captured by a capture medium positioned relative to a fluid channel, and particulate matter present within the fluid flow is acquired. An image capture device is employed to analyze captured particulate matter. In addition, a modifiable component is provided relative to the capture medium, the fluid channel and the image capture device. The control system is provided in communication with the system components and functions to provide and support dynamic adjustment of one or more of the modifiable component, image capture device, or capture medium in response to the acquired particulate matter and analysis thereof. 1. An apparatus comprising: an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet, and a fluid channel adapted to receive a fluid flow;', 'a capture medium positioned within the body and in communication with the fluid channel, the capture medium to acquire a particulate;', 'an image capture device positioned relative to the capture medium, the image capture device to analyze particulate acquired by the medium; and', 'a modifiable component in communication with the capture medium, the component to position the capture medium relative to the fluid channel and the image capture device; and, 'a body comprisinga control system in communication with the body, the control system to dynamically adjust the modifiable component response to the acquired and analyzed particulate.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a computer image algorithm operatively coupled to the image capture device claim 1 , the algorithm to gather particulate data selected from the group consisting of: particulate count claim 1 , species identification claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the body further comprises a fluid flow ...

Reaction carrier, measuring system and measuring method for determining gas and particle concentrations, and optical flow sensor

A measuring system ( 10 ) and method measure a concentration of components of a gas mixture of gas/aerosol. A reaction support ( 14 ) has a flow channel ( 42 ) that forms a reaction chamber ( 46 ) with an optically detectable reactant ( 48 ) that reacts with at least one component or with a reaction product of the component. The flow channel ( 42 ) is at least partially filled with particles ( 100, 102, 104, 110 ) which have a pre-flow starting position and to which a gas flow is applied through the flow channel ( 42 ) in a flow position. The particles ( 100, 102, 104, 110 ) are designed (configured) in such a manner that the particles ( 100, 102, 104, 110 ) in the starting position and the particles ( 100, 102, 104, 110 ) in the flow position can be optically distinguished. The invention also relates to an optical flow sensor ( 109 ) for determining a flow of a fluid.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN OPTIMIZED COATING, AND COATING WHICH CAN BE OBTAINED USING SAID METHOD

Described herein is a method for producing at least one coating (B1) on a substrate, including provision of a coating material composition (BZ1) (1), determination of a mean filament length of filaments formed on rotational atomization of the coating material composition (BZ1) provided as per step (1) (2), reduction of the determined mean filament length (3), application of at least the coating material composition (BZ1) obtained after step (3), with reduced mean filament length, to a substrate, to form at least one film (F1) (4), and physical curing, chemical curing and/or radiation curing at least of the at least one film (F1) formed on the substrate as per step (4), to produce the coating (B1) on the substrate (5). Also described herein is a coating (B1) located on a substrate and obtainable by means of this method. 1. A method for producing at least one coating (B1) on a substrate , the method comprising:(1) provision of a coating material composition (BZ1),(2) determination of a mean filament length of filaments formed on rotational atomization of the coating material composition (BZ1) provided as per step (1),(3) reduction of the mean filament length, determined as per step (2), of the filaments formed on rotational atomization of the coating material composition (BZ1),(4) application of at least the coating material composition (BZ1) obtained after step (3), with reduced mean filament length, to a substrate, to form at least one film (F1), and(5) physical curing, chemical curing and/or radiation curing at least of the at least one film (F1) formed on the substrate by application of the coating material composition (BZ1) as per step (4), to produce the coating (B1) on the substrate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coating (B1) is part of a multicoat paint system on the substrate.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coating (B1) represents a basecoat of a multicoat paint system on the substrate.4. The method according to claim 1 , ...

Analog floating-gate atmometer

An atmometer system based on an analog floating-gate structure and circuit. The floating-gate circuit includes a floating-gate electrode that serves as a gate electrode for a transistor and a plate of a storage capacitor. A conductor element exposed at the surface of the integrated circuit is electrically connected to the floating-gate electrode; reference conductor elements biased to ground are also at the surface of the integrated circuit. In operation, the transistor is biased and moisture is dispensed at the surface. The drain current of the transistor changes as the floating-gate electrode discharges via the surface conductors and a conduction path presented by the moisture. The elapsed time until the drain current stabilizes indicates the evaporation rate.

Differential Emissivity Based Evaporable Particle Measurement

A differential emissivity imaging device for measuring evaporable particle properties can include a heated plate, a thermal camera, a memory device, and an output interface. The heated plate can have an upper surface oriented to receive falling evaporable particles. The evaporable particles have a particle emissivity and the upper surface has a plate surface emissivity. The thermal camera can be oriented to produce a thermal image of the upper surface. A memory device can include instructions that cause the imaging device to calculate a mass of the individual evaporable particle via heat conduction using a calculated surface area and an evaporation time.

AEROSOL-GENERATING SYSTEM

A handheld aerosol-generating device may include an emitter configured to emit light, a sensor configured to receive light, and an aerosol chamber configured to hold an aerosol. The emitter may emit light into the aerosol chamber. The sensor may receive light from the aerosol chamber and measure at least one wavelength of the spectrum of the received light. Direct measurement of parameters, and/or the presence, of the aerosol in the aerosol chamber may be enabled, where the direct measurement of parameters of the aerosol in the aerosol chamber may enable optimal operation of an aerosol-generating system that may be the handheld aerosol-generating device. 1. An aerosol-generating device , comprising:an aerosol chamber configured to hold an aerosol;an array of emitters arranged outside the aerosol chamber, the array of emitters configured to emit light into the aerosol chamber; andan array of sensors arranged outside the aerosol chamber, the array of sensors configured to receive light from the aerosol chamber and to measure at least one wavelength of a spectrum of the light received.2. The aerosol-generating device of claim 1 , wherein the array of emitters is configured to emit light having wavelengths between 200 nanometers and 30 micrometers.3. The aerosol-generating device of claim 1 , wherein the array of sensors is configured to receive light having wavelengths between 200 nanometers and 30 micrometers.4. The aerosol-generating device of claim 1 , wherein the array of emitters include a first emitter and a second emitter claim 1 , the first emitter configured to emit light having a first wavelength claim 1 , the second emitter configured to emit light having a second wavelength claim 1 , the first wavelength being different from the second wavelength.5. The aerosol-generating device of claim 4 , wherein the first wavelength is between 2.8 micrometers and 3.2 micrometers.6. The aerosol-generating device of claim 4 , wherein the second wavelength is between 6.0 ...

Smart nebulizer

A nebulizer system capable of identifying when activation has occurred and aerosol is being produced. The nebulizer system monitors the inhalation and exhalation flow generated by the patient and communicates proper breathing technique for optimal drug delivery. The nebulizer system may monitor air supply to the nebulizer to ensure it is within the working range and is producing, or is capable of producing, acceptable particle size and drug output rate. When a patient, caregiver or other user deposits or inserts medication into the nebulizer, the nebulizer system is able to identify the medication and determine the appropriate delivery methods required to properly administer the medication as well as output this information into a treatment log to ensure the patient is taking the proper medications. The system is able to measure the concentration of the medication and volume of the medication placed within the medication receptacle, e.g., bowl.

Sprayer comprising detection system for early power-off

A sprayer includes: a container; a passage including a transparent window, a first opening, a second opening and a resonator, wherein when liquid in the container is passed through the resonator via the first opening, the liquid is emitted as a gas via the second opening; and a removable detection unit disposed outside of the passage. The removable detection unit includes: a light source for illuminating the gas in the passage; an optical sensor disposed to detect a parameter of light reflected by the gas; and a processor coupled to the optical sensor for stopping the resonator from generating the gas when the parameter is below a threshold. The passage further includes a cavity disposed on a bottom surface of the passage in front of the optical sensor, wherein when the gas in the passage contacts the bottom surface, resultant water vapour will enter the cavity.

Method for determining the average filament length during a rotational atomization, and screening method based thereon during the development of a paint

Described here is a method for determining the mean length of filaments formed on rotational atomization of a coating material composition, the method including atomization of the coating material composition by means of a rotational atomizer including as application element a bell cup capable of a rotation (1), optical capture of the filaments formed here at the bell cup edge, by means of at least one camera (2), and digital evaluation of the optical data obtained in this way, to give the mean filament length of those filaments formed on atomization that are located at the edge of the bell cup (3), as well as methods for compiling an electronic database and for screening coating material compositions when developing paint formulations.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ANALYSING A CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AEROSOL PARTICLES

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for analysing a chemical composition of aerosol particles. The apparatus comprises an extractive electrospray ionisation source for extracting components, in particular organic compounds, from the aerosol particles and for ionising the components to ions, and a mass analyser, in particular a time of flight mass analyser, for analysing the ions, the mass analyser fluidly coupled to the extractive electrospray ionisation source. The method includes the steps of extracting components, in particular organic compounds, from the aerosol particles with an extractive electrospray ionisation source and ionising the components with the extractive electrospray ionisation source to ions, transferring the ions to a mass analyser, in particular a time of flight mass analyser, the mass analyser being fluidly coupled to the extractive electrospray ionisation source, and analysing the ions with the mass analyser. 1. Apparatus for analysing a chemical composition of aerosol particles , the apparatus comprising:a) an extractive electrospray ionisation source for extracting components, in particular organic compounds, from the aerosol particles and for ionising the components to ions,b) a mass analyser, in particular a time-of-flight mass analyser, for analysing the ions, the mass analyser fluidly coupled to the extractive electrospray ionisation source,c) an inlet for passing a gaseous suspension of the aerosol particles from an outside of the apparatus into the apparatus for analysing the chemical composition of the aerosol particles, the inlet being fluidly coupled to the extractive electrospray ionisation source,d) a denuder line which fluidly couples the inlet to the extractive electrospray ionisation source, the denuder line comprising a denuder for separating the aerosol particles from the gas phase of the gaseous suspension when passing from the inlet to the extractive electrospray ionisation source, ande) a filter line which ...

System and method for controlling and measuring steam

A system and method for controlling steam based on a determination of steam quality include a steam conduit defining an interior volume of steam, an emitter for first and second coherent light beams, a receiver for signals resulting from an interference pattern of the first and second coherent light beams after refraction from a droplet in the steam at a convergence point, and a processor to determine steam quality based on the signals. There can be more than one receiver to account for phase differences related to droplet shape and size. The steam quality is also assessed by measuring droplet velocity by frequency of the interference patterns, and steam vapor and the refraction element of the scattering from the liquid droplet by absorption spectroscopy. The system can be utilized with on-line and real time measurements for on-line and real time determinations of steam quality.

CONTROLLED SAMPLING VOLUME OF CLOUDS FOR MEASURING CLOUD PARAMETERS

Apparatus and associated methods relate to determining a size and/or density of Super-cooled Large Droplets (SLDs) in a cloud atmosphere by comparing detected optical signals reflected from small and large sampling volumes of a cloud atmosphere. In some embodiments, an optical pulse is generated and divergently projected from a first optical fiber. A collimating lens is aligned within the divergently projected optical pulse collimating a portion thereof. The collimated and uncollimated portions of the optical pulse are projected into the small and large sampling volumes of the cloud atmosphere, respectively. The ratio of the collimated to the uncollimated portions can be optically controlled. Signals corresponding to optical pulses having different collimated/uncollimated ratios are backscattered by the cloud atmosphere, detected and compared to one another. A processor is configured to calculate, based on scintillation spike differences between the optical pulses of different collimated/uncollimated ratios, a size and/or density of SLDs. 1. A system for calculating a metric of Super-cooled Large Droplets (SLDs) in a cloud atmosphere , the system comprising:an optical source configured to divergently project first and second pulses of optical energy about an optical axis;an optical control module configured to receive at least a portion of each of the first and second divergently projected pulses of optical energy and to direct the received portion of each of the first and second divergently projected pulses within a projection range;a collimator lens located within the projection range of the optical control module and configured to collimate a portion of each of the first and second pulses of optical energy directed by the optical control module therethrough into a cloud atmosphere;an optical window located within the projection range of the optical control module and configured to transmit an uncollimated portion of each of the first and second pulses of optical ...

코팅 재료 조성물의 회전 무화를 모니터링하기 위한 장치

본 발명은 코팅 재료 조성물의 회전 무화를 수행하고 광학적으로 모니터링하기 위한 장치 (1)로서, 여기서 상기 장치 (1)은 회전이 가능한 장착식 벨 컵 (3)을 적용 요소로서 포함하는 적어도 하나의 회전 무화기 (2), 회전 무화기 (2)에 코팅 재료 조성물을 공급하기 위한 적어도 하나의 공급 유닛 (4), 적어도 하나의 카메라 (5) 및 적어도 하나의 광학 측정 유닛 (6)을 포함하는 것인 장치, 코팅 재료 조성물의 회전 무화를 수행하고 광학적으로 모니터링하기 위한 상기 장치의 용도 및 코팅 재료 조성물의 상기 회전 무화 동안 회전 무화기의 벨 컵의 에지 상에 형성된 필라멘트의 평균 길이를 결정하고/거나 코팅 재료 조성물의 상기 회전 무화 시 형성된 스프레이 내의 액적 크기 분포의 적어도 하나의 특성 변수 및/또는 상기 스프레이의 균질성을 결정하는 방법으로서, 여기서 상기 방법은 장치 (1)을 사용하여 수행되는 것인 방법에 관한 것이다.

Research device for influence of shock wave on evaporation process of fuel liquid drops under supersonic airflow

本发明属于超燃冲压发动机和爆震发动机技术领域，具体涉及超声速气流下激波对燃料液滴蒸发过程影响的研究装置，包括激波管系统、超声波雾化系统、压力检测系统以及多波长消光法粒径测量系统，激波管系统包括激波管和压力控制系统，激波管包括沿入射激波运动方向依次设置的高压段、低压段以及实验段；实验段两相对侧面分别设置有第一可拆卸观察窗和第二可拆卸观察窗；超声波雾化系统用于向实验段内喷入微米级的燃料液滴；压力检测系统设置于激波管上；多波长消光法粒径测量系统设置在第一观察窗和第二观察窗的两侧，用于对实验段内微米级的燃料液滴的粒径进行实时测量。本发明能够在实验中产生激波的同时，实现小液滴的产生和小液滴粒径的测量。

Method and apparatus for generating gas which contains low concentration moisture

본 발명은 저농도 수분을 함유하는 가스를 발생시키는 장치에 관한 것이며,공급가스의 공급수단과; 제로가스를 유출하도록, 상기 공급수단과 연결되며 상기 공급가스의 수분을 제거하는 흡착탑과; 상기 제로가스의 유량을 제어하도록, 상기 흡착탑의 유출구측 배관라인에 설치되는 제1 질량유량조절기와; 상기 제1 질량유량조절의 유출구와 연결되며, 일정온도에서 일정유량의 수분을 발생시키어, 유량이 제어된 상기 제로가스와 상기 수분을 혼합하여 발생된 혼합가스를 유출하는 침투수단과; 상기 제로가스의 유량을 제어하도록, 상기 흡착탑의 유출구측 배관라인에 설치되는 제2 질량유량조절기와; 상기 제2 질량유량조절의 유출구와 상기 침투수단의 유출구와 연결되며, 상기 제2 질량유량조절의 제로가스와 상기 침투수단의 혼합가스가 혼합된 희석가스를 유출하는 희석수단을; 포함하여, 가스 흐름의 끊김이 없이 수분의 농도가 변화될 수 있으며, 유량과 압력이 정밀하고 폭넓게 조절되며, 소정의 농도 수분가 용이하게 발생되며, 다양한 수분분석기가 검정되어 품질관리가 용이하고, 일정한 농도를 가지는 수분을 이용한 다양한 테스트가 용이한 효과가 있다. 수분 분석기, 교정, 검정, 표준가스, 제로가스, 침투장치, 침투관, 희석

Method for detecting aerozol distribution using lidar system

본 발명은 라이다를 이용한 미세먼지 판독 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 라이다 관측을 통해 파장별 거리에 따른 소산계수를 활용하여 고도별 미세입자와 조대입자의 질량농도 산출을 통한 미세먼지 판독 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따르는 미세먼지 판독 방법은 미세먼지의 총량에 대한 분포만이 아니라 미세먼지 크기에 따른 공간 분포를 확인할 수 있다.

Intelligent atomizer

一种雾化器系统，其能够识别何时发生启用以及何时产生气雾剂。该雾化器系统监测患者产生的吸气和呼气流动，并传达适当的呼吸技术以实现最佳药物递送。该雾化器系统可以监测给雾化器的空气供应，以确保其在工作范围内，并且正在产生或能够产生可接受的粒度和药物输出速率。当患者、护理人员或其他使用者将药剂放入或插入雾化器时，该雾化器系统能够识别药剂并确定正确给药所需的适当递送方法，并将该信息输出到治疗日志中，以确保患者正在服用适当的药剂。该系统能够测量药剂的浓度和放置在药剂容器(例如碗)内的药剂体积。

Device for detection of foreign substances through a wall and aid-system for driving vehicles or aircrafts

Robust system for screening mail for biological agents

Items of mail are rapidly processed in a mail sampling system to determine if the mail is contaminated with a chemical or biological agent. The mail sampling system maintains a negative pressure in a containment chamber and includes a triggering sampler that makes a threshold determination regarding possible contamination, and a detecting sampler that obtains a sample for more detailed analysis in response to a signal from the triggering sampler. A sample of particulates collected from an item of mail is either removed for analysis or analyzed in the system to identify a contaminating agent. Optionally, the system includes an archiving sampler, which archives samples for subsequent processing and analysis, and a decontamination system, which is activated to decontaminate the mail if needed.

Pressure flow reducer for aerosol focusing device.

高流束、大気圧でのサンプリングを行い、空力学的な焦点化レンズスタックを介して、真空中に十分に焦点化された粒子ビームを供給するための、圧流レジューサ、およびそのような圧流レジューサを備えるエアロゾル焦点化システム。圧流レジューサは、サンプリング流速を調整する入口ノズルと、圧力および流束を抑制するためのスキマーおよび排出ポートを備える圧流抑制領域と、エアロゾル粒子を遅延または停止させる緩和チャンバとを有し、低圧、低流束のエアロゾル焦点化装置と接することが可能である。この方法では、圧流レジューサは、流束と圧力を分離し、大気圧および1リットル／分よりも大きな速度で、エアロゾルをサンプリングすることができる。

Method for measuring diameter and distribution of microbubbles and microdroplets, and optical system for measuring diameter and distribution of microbubbles and microdroplets

Detecting method for drop of dropping liquid

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Procedure of examination of microobjects

FIELD: study and analysis of particles and materials with use of optical means in medicine, geophysics, mechanics, chemistry, powder metallurgy, environmental control. SUBSTANCE: examined microobjects are irradiated with radiation beam whose maximum linear volume of coherence in zone of irradiation of microobjects does not exceed 30% of mean distance between particles in space. Images of examined microobjects are formed by means of optical system and after reading their geometrical parameters are measured at level of signal dependent on illumination coherence and aperture angle of optical system forming images. EFFECT: enhanced measurement precision. 8 cl, 5 dwg ЗУ ГсС ПЧ сэ РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК? ВИ "” 2 154 815. 13) С2 С 01 М 15/02 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 98109601/28, 20.05.1998 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 20.05.1998 (46) Дата публикации: 20.08.2000 (56) Ссылки: ЗЦ 545174 А, 30.07.1986. ЗЦ 719251 А, 30.12.1986. Ц$ 5627642 А, 06.05.1997. 54 1402850 АЛ, 15.06.1988. (98) Адрес для переписки: 249020, Калужская обл., г.Обнинск, а/я 452, Величко Н.Н. (71) Заявитель: Яскевич Геннадий Федорович (72) Изобретатель: Яскевич Г.Ф. (73) Патентообладатель: Яскевич Геннадий Федорович (54) СПОСОБ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МИКРООБЪЕКТОВ (57) Изобретение относится к средствам для исследования и анализа частиц и материалов с помощью оптических средств и может быть использовано в медицинских исследованиях, геофизике, механике, химии, порошковой металлургии, при контроле загрязнений окружающей среды и тд. Сущность изобретения состоит в том, что исследуемые микрообъекты облучают пучком излучения, максимальный линейный размер объема когерентности которого в зоне облучения микрообъектов не превышает 30% от среднего расстояния между частицами в пространстве. С помощью оптической системы формируют изображения исследуемых — микрообъектов и после считывания измеряют их геометрические параметры на уровне ...

Droplet size determining device and droplet size determining method

The purpose of the present invention is to measure a size of a liquid droplet easily and in a short period of time by combining outputs of multiple types of liquid droplet detectors having different size dependencies of a liquid droplet of detection signals. In one embodiment of the present invention, in the detector having a narrow gap width shown in Fig. 5(a) , the electrodes are electrically conducted by the attachment of a small liquid droplet. On the other hand, in the detectors with a wide gap width shown in Figs. 5(b) and 5(c) , the electrodes are not electrically conducted unless a liquid droplet having a larger size is attached. By utilizing this, the size of a liquid droplet is determined. In a case where the liquid droplet is water, as a liquid droplet detector, for example, a detector of a type that detects a galvanic current by a cell formed by the attachment of water between the electrodes made of different kinds of metals may be used.

Device for monitoring rotational atomization of a coating material composition

The present invention relates to a device (1) for performing and optically monitoring a rotational atomization of a coating material composition, wherein said device (1) comprises at least one rotational atomizer (2), which comprises as application element a mountable bell cup (3) capable of rotation, at least one supply unit (4) for supplying the coating material composition to the rotational atomizer (2), at least one camera (5) and at least one optical measurement unit (6), a use of said device for performing and optical monitoring the rotational atomization of the coating material composition and to a method for determining the mean length of filaments formed on the edge of the bell cup of an rotational atomizer during said rotational atomization of the coating material composition and/or for determining at least one characteristic variable of the drop size distribution within a spray and/or the homogeneity of said spray, the spray being formed on said rotational atomization of the coating material composition, wherein said method is carried out by making use of the device (1).

Droplet size measuring apparatus

In the droplet size measuring apparatus of the forward scattering method, particles (6) to be measured in a scattering zone (A) having a predetermined scattering path length (L) are irradiated with parallel laser beams. The irradiated beams are scattered by the particles (6) and the scattering beams are detected by the photodetectors (8-1 - 8-K) arranged at predetermined scattering angles (θ 1 --θ K ). The output of the photodetectors (8-1 -8-K) are input to the arithmetic operating unit (11), thus the intensity distribution I(θ) of the scattered beams is measured. The droplet size distribution n(D) is calculated from the intensity distribution I(θ) using the following equation:

Spray droplet sizer

A spray sizer is provided that can measure the average droplet size in a spray. The spray sizer first separates a section of the spray for measurement. This section of the spray is passed through an optical droplet counter and the number of the droplets is measured while the droplets are collected after counting. The volume of the collected droplets is determined and it is divided by the total number of the droplets. This provides and average droplet diameter for the spray.

Robust system for screening mail for biological agents

Items of mail are rapidly processed in a mail sampling system to determine if the mail is contaminated with a chemical or biological agent. The mail sampling system maintains a negative pressure in a containment chamber and includes a triggering sampler that makes a threshold determination regarding possible contamination, and a detecting sampler that obtains a sample for more detailed analysis in response to a signal from the triggering sampler. A sample of particulates collected from an item of mail is either removed for analysis or analyzed in the system to identify a contaminating agent. Optionally, the system includes an archiving sampler, which archives samples for subsequent processing and analysis, and a decontamination system, which is activated to decontaminate the mail if needed.

Photoacoustic measuring device having resonator elements

The invention relates to a device (1) for photoacoustic measurement of the concentration of particles, in particular water in various physical states, in a measuring fluid, comprising a feed conduit section (2) for the measuring fluid, a measuring section (3) with a photoacoustic measuring cell (30) and a drainage conduit section (4) for the measuring fluid. In the region of the feed conduit section (2) and/or in the region of the drainage conduit section (4) at least one resonator element (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) is provided which is concentric with the feed conduit section (2) and/or drainage conduit section (4) and which is fluidically connected to the feed conduit section (2) or the drainage conduit section (4) via at least one opening (6) in an outer wall (7) of the feed conduit section (2) and/or drainage conduit section (4).

Mist-containing gas analyzer

Apparatus for determining electrical mobility of an aerosol

A mobility separator comprises a classification channel 1 with inlets for an aerosol flow 5 and a clean sheath flow 4. An electric field is imposed approximately perpendicular to the flow in the channel and may be automatically controlled to maintain a target ratio of measurements. The outlet flow is split between two outlets containing the higher 8 and lower 9 electrical mobility particles and these are fed to particle detectors to determine the particle electrical mobility. The particle detectors may be those know in the art such as Condensation Particle Counters or Aerosol Electrometers. The sheath flow may be obtained by filtration of one of the outlet aerosol flows.

Analog floating-gate atmometer

An atmometer system based on an analog floating-gate structure and circuit. The floating-gate circuit includes a floating-gate electrode that serves as a gate electrode for a transistor and a plate of a storage capacitor. A conductor element exposed at the surface of the integrated circuit is electrically connected to the floating-gate electrode; reference conductor elements biased to ground are also at the surface of the integrated circuit. In operation, the transistor is biased and moisture is dispensed at the surface. The drain current of the transistor changes as the floating-gate electrode discharges via the surface conductors and a conduction path presented by the moisture. The elapsed time until the drain current stabilizes indicates the evaporation rate.

Measuring system, reaction carrier, measuring method and optical flow sensor

Reaktionsträger (14) für ein Messsystem (10) zur Messung einer Konzentration von gas- und/oder aerosolförmigen Komponenten eines Gasgemisches mit zumindest einem Strömungskanal (42), wobei der Strömungskanal (42) eine Reaktionskammer (46) mit einem Reaktionsstoff (48) bildet, welcher ausgebildet ist, um mit zumindest einer zu messenden Komponente des Gasgemisches oder einem Reaktionsprodukt der zu messenden Komponente eine optisch detektierbare Reaktion einzugehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strömungskanal (42) zumindest teilweise mit Partikeln (100, 102, 104, 110) gefüllt ist, die eine Ausgangsposition aufweisen, bevor das Gasgemisch durch den Strömungskanal (42) strömt, und welche durch Beaufschlagung mit einem Gasstrom durch den Strömungskanal (42) in eine Strömungsposition gebracht werden, wobei die Partikel (100, 102, 104, 110) so ausgebildet sind, dass die Partikel (100, 102, 104, 110) in der Ausgangsposition und die Partikel (100, 102, 104, 110) in der Strömungsposition optisch unterschieden werden können. Reaction carrier (14) for a measuring system (10) for measuring a concentration of gas and / or aerosol components of a gas mixture with at least one flow channel (42), wherein the flow channel (42) forms a reaction chamber (46) with a reagent (48) , which is designed to enter into an optically detectable reaction with at least one component of the gas mixture or a reaction product of the component to be measured, characterized in that the flow channel (42) at least partially filled with particles (100, 102, 104, 110) is, which have a starting position before the gas mixture flows through the flow channel (42), and which are brought by the application of a gas flow through the flow channel (42) in a flow position, wherein the particles (100, 102, 104, 110) so are formed, that the particles (100, 102, 104, 110) in the starting position and the particles (100, 102, 104, 110) in the flow can be optically distinguished.

Apparatus and method for measuring particle size using backscattered light

A device and a method for determining the size of a particle present in a sample volume (1) using the angular intensity distribution of light scattered in the near backward direction, comprising- a light source (11) to direct a coherent light beam (9) along an optical axis (14) towards the particle to be measured;- a first lens (2) aligned on said optical axis (14) for generating an out-of-focus image of said particle in a focus plane (3) of the lens (2);- a detector (6) for recording a light intensity distribution pattern of said out-of-focus image;- a processing element (12) for applying a Fourier transform onto said distribution pattern obtaining angular frequencies of said pattern;- selecting means for identifying a maximum angular frequency (Fmax);- computing means for calculating the size of the particle from said maximum angular frequency (Fmax).

Reaction pedestal, for determining the measuring system of gas and granule density and measuring method and optical flow-sensint unit

本发明涉及一种用于测量系统的反应基座，所述测量系统用于对混合气的气态的和/或浮质状的成分的浓度进行测量，并且本发明涉及一种这样的测量系统和相应的测量方法。所述反应基座包括至少一条流动通道，其中所述流动通道形成具有反应材料的反应室，所述反应材料构造用于与所述混合气的至少一种有待测量的成分或者所述有待测量的成分的反应产物进行在光学上能够探测的反应。所述流动通道至少部分地用颗粒来装填，所述颗粒在所述混合气通过所述流动通道流动之前具有原始位置，并且所述颗粒通过流经所述流动通道的气流被加载到流动位置中。此外，本发明涉及一种用于确定流体的流动的光学的流动传感器。

Method for determining the average filament length during a rotational atomization, and screening method based thereon during the development of a paint

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der mittleren Filamentlänge von bei Durchführung einer Rotationszerstäubung einer Beschichtungsmittelzusammensetzung gebildeten Filamenten, welches wenigstens die Schritte (1) bis (3) umfasst, nämlich Zerstäubung der Beschichtungsmittelzusammensetzung mittels eines Rotationszerstäubers, welcher als Applikationskörper einen zu einer Rotation befähigten Glockenteller aufweist (1), optische Erfassung der dabei an der Glockentellerkante gebildeten Filamente mittels wenigstens einer Kamera (2) und digitale Auswertung der so erhaltenen optischen Daten unter Erhalt der mittleren Filamentlänge derjenigen bei der Zerstäubung gebildeten Filamente, die sich an der Glockentellerkante des Glockentellers befinden (3), sowie Verfahren zur Erstellung einer elektronischen Datenbank und zum Screening von Beschichtungsmittelzusammensetzungen bei der Entwicklung von Lackformulierungen, welche auf Grundlage des vorgenannten Verfahrens durchgeführt werden.

Apparatus and method to measure flare burner fallout

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to measure fallout from a liquid flare burner. An example apparatus includes a device configurator to invoke a first control valve to isolate the liquid flare burner from a test fluid source, and invoke a second control valve to fluidly couple the liquid flare burner to a hydrocarbon source to generate unburned fallout droplets to be captured by first and second measurement surfaces in first and second measurement regions, a parameter calculator to calculate first and second fallout volumes associated with the unburned fallout droplets captured by the first and second measurement surfaces, and determine a fallout efficiency of the liquid flare burner based on the first and second fallout volumes, and a burner configurator to, in response to the fallout efficiency not satisfying a fallout efficiency threshold, adjust a configuration of the liquid flare burner based on the fallout efficiency.

Apparatus for determining electrical mobilty of an aerosol

Drop-detection device

A drop-detection device (11, 11a, 11b) for the detection of drops (TR) that escape from a nozzle of a metering valve (DV), preferably a micro-metering valve, is described. The drop-detection device (11, 11a, 11b) comprises a signal-generation unit (20), which is configured to produce a carrier signal (TS) with a defined pulse frequency. In addition, the drop-detection device (11, 11a, 11b) has a modulation unit (30, 30a) which is configured to generate a modulated signal (MS) due to a physical interaction of the carrier signal (TS) with a drop to be detected (TR), Furthermore, the drop-detection device (11, 11a, 11b) has an evaluation unit (50), which is configured to determine if a drop (TR) has been dispensed by the metering valve (DV) based on the measurement signal (MS) under consideration of the defined pulse frequency. A method (600) of detecting a drop (TR) of a metering valve (DV) is also described.

Aerosol collection system and method

The present invention relates to systems and methods for collecting and analyzing bioaerosols, including exhaled breath aerosol from a subject. The collection system comprises an inlet portion configured to receive a gaseous fluid containing water vapor and aerosol particles. A primary passage for gaseous fluid flow is in fluid communication with the inlet portion and configured to channel the gaseous fluid flow therethrough. An outlet portion is in fluid communication with the primary passage. A sample collection region is provided, which is configured to receive from the outlet portion aerosol particles from the gaseous fluid, wherein the aerosol particles are impacted onto a layer of ice.

Method and device for determining the apparent distance in the presence of fog during the day

本发明涉及一种用于在白天有雾(106)时确定视距的方法(800)，其中所述方法(800)具有读取的步骤(802)和求取的步骤(804)。在读取的步骤(802)中读取雾(106)的摄像机图像(100)的亮度曲线(102)的至少一个特征点(110)的坐标。亮度曲线(102)代表摄像机图像(100)的沿着所述摄像机图像(100)的参考轴线(108)的图像点的亮度值。在求取的步骤(804)中，在摄像机图像(100)中在使用所述坐标、气象学的对比度阈值和处理规则的情况下求取气象学视距，以便在雾(106)中估计视距。所述处理规则反映在摄像机图像(100)中通过雾(106)引起的位置相关的和/或方向相关的散射光。

Analysis and control of aerosol output

一种气雾剂产生系统（和方法）包括：用于产生气雾剂输出（2）的气雾剂产生装置（1）和用于使用产生装置驱动信号来控制所述产生装置（1）的控制器（12）。使用了气雾剂密度检测器（6、9）。时间延迟测量装置（13）适用于基于所述产生装置驱动信号和气雾剂密度检测器输出而导出时序测量结果，其中所述时序测量结果和所述气雾剂密度被组合以导出气雾剂输出速率。

Procedure and device for measuring the equivalent diameter of a drop of water

Procedimiento de medición del diámetro equivalente (Deq) de una gota de agua, comprendiendo dicho procedimiento: - una etapa (E100, F100) de obtención de una primera señal de intensidad luminosa (SIG1, SIG1') según un ángulo determinado (θ) en un plano horizontal definido por el eje (DL) de una fuente láser (2) y una etapa (E200, F200) de obtención de una segunda señal de intensidad luminosa (SIG2, SIG2') según dicho ángulo determinado (θ) en un plano vertical definido por dicho eje de dicha fuente láser (2), estando dichas intensidades luminosas moduladas por el paso de dicha gota de agua a través de al menos dos haces láser (f1, f2) emitidos por dicha fuente de láser (2) de modo que dichos al menos dos haces sean horizontales, paralelos y estén espaciados verticalmente a una distancia predeterminada (d), siendo dichas señales de intensidad adquiridas por receptores ópticos (3, 4) posicionados de manera que los ángulos formados por el eje (DO1, DO2) de dichos receptores ópticos y el eje de dicha fuente láser (DL) sean iguales a dicho ángulo determinado (θ); - una etapa (E300, F300) de medición de un primer desfase temporal (Δ1) entre las dos mayores intensidades máximas de una de dichas señales de intensidad; - una etapa (E400, F400) de medición de un segundo desfase temporal (Δ2) entre dicha primera (SIG1, SIG1') y dicha segunda (SIG2, SIG2') señal de intensidad; - una etapa (E500, F500-F600) de cálculo del diámetro equivalente (Deq) de dicha gota de agua a partir de un modelo elipsoidal de dicha gota de agua en forma de un elipsoide cuyo eje mayor (A) es paralelo al plano de emisión horizontal de dichos al menos dos haces láser, de una ley que relaciona la relación (a) de los dos ejes (A, B) de dicho modelo elipsoidal con el diámetro equivalente de dicho modelo elipsoidal, no asociando dicha ley una constante a dicha relación (a) independientemente de cuál sea dicho diámetro equivalente de dicho modelo elipsoidal, de dicho primer (Δ1) y de dicho ...

Method for measuring flood discharge fog and rain intensity

一种测量泄洪雾雨强度的方法涉及测量领域，技术方案是：一根管道前端为探测位置，管道中间内部布置风扇叶片，管道后端连接软管、软管末端位于透明量杯的水面下方；气体从量杯水面溢出，量杯放置在重量传感器的上方；管道或者软管串联气体流量计；软管末段固定遮光片，量杯的直径方向布置光电门的发光二极管和接收二极管，利用软管插入时和取出时射向接收二极管的光线被遮光片遮挡导致光电流变化的信号分别拍摄气体流量计显示数值V1、V2、重量传感器的显示数值m1、m2，泄洪雾雨的浓度为(m2‑m1)/(V2‑V1)。有益效果是：测量单位空气中的含水量，对泄洪的强度、方式和泄洪时机的把握以及是否采取防范措施有指导意义；测量准确、快速。

Method and apparatus for determining visibility in fog during the day

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren (800) zum Bestimmen einer Sichtweite bei Nebel (106) am Tag, wobei das Verfahren (800) einen Schritt (802) des Einlesens und einen Schritt (804) des Ermittelns aufweist. Im Schritt (802) des Einlesens werden Koordinaten zumindest eines charakteristischen Punkts (110) einer Helligkeitskurve (102) eines Kamerabilds (100) des Nebels (106) eingelesen. Die Helligkeitskurve (102) repräsentiert Helligkeitswerte von Bildpunkten des Kamerabilds (100) entlang einer Bezugsachse (108) des Kamerabilds (100). Im Schritt (804) des Ermittelns wird eine meteorologische Sichtweite in dem Kamerabild (100) unter Verwendung der Koordinaten, einer meteorologischen Kontrastschwelle und einer Verarbeitungsvorschrift ermittelt, um die Sichtweite bei Nebel (106) zu schätzen. Die Verarbeitungsvorschrift bildet ein ortsabhängiges und/oder richtungsabhängiges Streulicht durch den Nebel (106) in dem Kamerabild (100) ab. The invention relates to a method (800) for determining a visibility of fog (106) during the day, the method (800) comprising a step (802) of reading in and a step (804) of determining. In step (802) of reading in, coordinates of at least one characteristic point (110) of a brightness curve (102) of a camera image (100) of the nebula (106) are read. The brightness curve (102) represents brightness values of pixels of the camera image (100) along a reference axis (108) of the camera image (100). In step (804) of determining, a meteorological visibility in the camera image (100) is determined using coordinates, a meteorological contrast threshold, and a processing rule to estimate the visibility in fog (106). The processing instruction maps a location-dependent and / or direction-dependent scattered light through the mist (106) in the camera image (100).

A device and method for non-invasive analysis of particles during medical ventilation

A diagnostic device is disclosed for characterisation of particles from a patient's airways, such as a lung, when ventilated by a ventilator, and/or for control thereof, comprising a particle detecting unit configured to be connected to a conduit for passing expiration fluid from said patient, for obtaining data related to particles being exhaled from said patent's airways.

Oil mist detector for detecting and/or analyzing oil-air mixtures, comprising an optical measuring assembly, and corresponding method

In order to improve the measurement reliability and measurement precision of an oil mist detector (1) for detecting and/or analyzing potentially explosive oil-air mixtures, a combination of a redundant transmitted light measurement (6, 72) and a scattered light measurement (73, 74, 75, 76), preferably a likewise redundant scattered light measurement, are simultaneously used in order to optically detect fine oil droplets.

Scattering centre detector assembly and method

An assembly which comprises (a) a duct ( 22 ) for transmission of fluids, said duct having longitudinal axis, (b) at least one emitter ( 301 ) capable of exciting a beam of radiation ( 21 ) in the form of a cone having root angles β ex and β ey , which may be the same or different, into a cross section area of a duct to be analysed in a direction downstream of fluid flow in the duct at an angle λ e from the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct, the angle λ e being between 5° to 45°, (c) a detector ( 23, 304 ) sensitive to radiation radiated by scattering centres in the fluid over at least 1% of the cross sectional area of the duct, the direction of the central axis of the emitter cone being at an angle α to the direction of the central axis of the detector cone, the detector cone having root angles β dx and β dy , which may be the same or different and the detector cone having angle λ d perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct, the direction of the detector being downstream of fluid flow in the duct, the angle α being in the range 0° to 180° and angle λ d being between 5° to 45°, the detector collecting scattered radiation and the detector being coupled to (d) a collator ( 310 ) for collecting data from the detector.

Aircraft and warning device for an "engine oil smell" in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Flugzeug (1) mit wenigstens zwei Flugzeugtriebwerken (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), mit – einer Einrichtung zum Abzweigen von Zapfluft von den verschiedenen Flugzeugtriebwerken (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) zur Versorgung einer Klimaanlage einer Flugzeugkabine mit Zuluft, wobei – wenigstens zwei Luftgütesensoreinrichtungen (16, 17, 18) vorgesehen sind, welche die Luftgüte der von den unterschiedlichen Flugzeugtriebwerken (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) abgezweigten Zapfluft getrennt voneinander detektieren, und – eine Anzeigeeinrichtung (24) vorgesehen ist, welche in Abhängigkeit von den Signalen der unterschiedlichen Luftgütesensoreinrichtungen (16, 17, 18) ein flugzeugtriebwerksindividualisiertes Signal zur Anzeige bringt. The invention relates to an aircraft (1) having at least two aircraft engines (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), with - a device for branching bleed air from the various aircraft engines (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) for supplying a Air conditioning system of an aircraft cabin with supply air, wherein - at least two air quality sensor devices (16, 17, 18) are provided which separately detect the air quality of the bleed air diverted from the different aircraft engines (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and - a display device (24) is provided, which in response to the signals of the different air quality sensor devices (16, 17, 18) brings an aircraft engine individualized signal for display.

Drop detection device

Method for operating a particle sensor

System and method for coating a surface

The present invention relates to a system (1) and a method for coating a surface (3a) of an object (3) with a spray coating tool (2) spraying atomised coating particles (10) onto. A conditioning hood (20) is applied defining a spray chamber. In operation the spray coating tool (2) is mounted at a coating tool mounting end (21), and an output end (22) is positioned in proximity of the surface (3a) of the object (3) to be coated. The spray coating tool (2) is operated to spray atomised coating particles (10) which travel from the coating tool (2), through the spray chamber and the output end (22) to the surface (3a) of the object (3). A carrier gas is injected that in operation carries the atomised coating particles (10) to the surface (3a) of the object (3).

Oil mist detector for detecting and/or analyzing an oil-air mixture, including an optical measuring device, and method therefor

본 발명은, 폭발 가능성이 있는 오일-공기 혼합물을 검출 및/또는 분석하기 위한 오일 미스트 검출기(1)의 측정 신뢰성 및 측정 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 오일 미스트 검출기(1)에 내부 바이패스(11)가 있는 것이 제안된다. 오일 미스트 검출기에 의해 흡기 포트(8)를 통해 흡입된 가스 흐름(13)과 비교하여 직경이 10μm 이상인 더 큰 오일 방울의 상대적 비율이 증가된 제1 부분 가스 흐름(14) 은 광학 측정 챔버(5)를 통과하여 안내되므로 측정 챔버(5)에서 광학적으로 측정되는 제2, 특히 나머지 부분 가스 흐름(14)이 주로 작은 기름 방울을 가진다. 10μm 미만의 직경. 이렇게 하면 직경이 10ㅅm 미만인 작은 기름 방울을 검출할 때 안전성과 정확도가 높아져 폭발 가능성이 있는 혼합물이 형성될 수 있다.

Fluorine gas production device and light scattering detector

미스트에 의한 배관이나 밸브의 폐색을 억제할 수 있는 불소 가스 제조 장치를 제공한다. 불소 가스 제조 장치의 유로는 유체로부터 미스트를 제거하는 미스트 제거부를 경유하여 전해조의 내부로부터 불소 가스 선별부에 유체를 보내는 제 1 유로와, 미스트 제거부를 경유하지 않고 전해조의 내부로부터 불소 가스 선별부에 유체를 보내는 제 2 유로를 가짐과 아울러, 평균 입자 지름 측정부에 의해 측정된 미스트의 평균 입자 지름에 따라 유체를 흐르게 하는 유로를 스위칭하는 유로 스위칭부를 갖고 있다. 유로 스위칭부는 평균 입자 지름 측정부에 의해 측정된 미스트의 평균 입자 지름이, 미리 설정된 기준값 이하인 경우는 전해조의 내부로부터 제 1 유로에 유체를 보내고, 미리 설정된 기준값보다 큰 경우는 전해조의 내부로부터 제 2 유로에 유체를 보내도록 되어 있다. 제 2 유로는 미스트에 의한 제 2 유로의 폐색을 억제하는 폐색 억제 기구를 갖는다.

Method for the in-situ measurement of sulphuric acid droplets in an airborne state

Method for the in-situ measurement of sulphuric acid droplets in an airborne state.

System and method for coating a surface

The present invention relates to a system (1) and a method for coating a surface (3a) of an object (3) with a spray coating tool (2) spraying atomised coating particles (10) onto. A conditioning hood (20) is applied defining a spray chamber. In operation the spray coating tool (2) is mounted at a coating tool mounting end (21), and an output end (22) is positioned in proximity of the surface (3a) of the object (3) to be coated. The spray coating tool (2) is operated to spray atomised coating particles (10) which travel from the coating tool (2), through the spray chamber and the output end (22) to the surface (3a) of the object (3). A carrier gas is injected that in operation carries the atomised coating particles (10) to the surface (3a) of the object (3).

Apparatus and method for analysing a chemical composition of aerosol particles

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) and a method for analysing a chemical composition of aerosol particles. The apparatus (1) comprises an extractive electronspray ionisation source (2) for extracting components, in particular organic compounds, from the aerosol particles and for ionising the components to ions, and a mass analyser (3), in particular a time of flight mass analyser, for analysing the ions, the mass analyser (3) fluidly coupled to the extractive electronspray ionisation source (2). The method includes the steps of extracting components, in particular organic compounds, from the aerosol particles with an extractive electronspray ionisation source (2) and ionising the components with the extractive electronspray ionisation source (2) to ions, transferring the ions to a mass analyser (3), in particular a time of flight mass analyser, the mass analyser (3) being fluidly coupled to the extractive electronspray ionisation source (2), and analysing the ions with the mass analyser (3).

Optical tomography apparatus

본 발명은 광학 토모그래피 장치에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는, 유체의 분무를 수행하는 인젝터; 상기 인젝터를 통해 분무되는 유체의 분무 영역에 대해 측부에 배치되는 광원부; 상기 인젝터를 통해 분무되는 유체의 분무 영역에 대해 측부에 배치되며 상기 광원부에서 생성되는 광을 수광하는 광학 검출기; 및 상기 광학 검출기에서 수광된 광을 처리하여 정보를 생성하는 제어부;를 포함하되, 상기 광원부에서 생성되는 광은 선형광으로 구성되며, 외부로부터 상기 유체의 분무 영역에 입사하고 유체를 통과하여 상기 광 검출기에 수광되되, 상기 유체의 분무 방향에 대해 측방향으로 입사되며, 상기 제어부는 상기 광학 검출기에서 수광된 광을 처리하여 유체의 분무 영역 내의 유체 분포를 시각적으로 나타내는 구성을 갖는 광학 토모그래피 장치에 관한 것이다.

Analysis and control of aerosol output

An aerosol generation system (and method) comprises an aerosol generating device (1) for generating an aerosol output (2) and controller (12) for controlling the generating device (1) using a generator drive signal. An aerosol density detector (6,9) is used. A time delay measurement device (13) is adapted to derive a timing measurement based on the generator drive signal and the aerosol density detector output, wherein the timing measurement and the aerosol density are combined to derive an aerosol output rate.

Smart nebulizer

Method for measuring fine particulates and fine particulate sensor for determining the particle size of fine particulates

In a method for measuring fine particulates in the vicinity of a motor vehicle with an optical receiving device, at least one LED ( 2, 3 ) arranged inside the motor vehicle lights up an outside air region. The optical receiving device is designed to capture the area under examination in a spatially localized manner and takes an intensity measurement in an area that is lit by the LED. The intensities measured are analyzed for diffraction patterns that depend on the size of the fine particulates. Additionally, a portion of the light that is coupled into the windshield is also analyzed for the presence of water on the windshield.

Fog Road Check System

본 발명은 안개감지시스템에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 습도감지센서로 측정된 습도정보를 통해 터널 내의 통로를 촬영할 수 있도록 회전모터가 촬영부를 회전시키되 회전한 이후, 카메라를 통해 획득한 촬영정보를 메인기관에 전송하고, 그 전송된 촬영정보와 비교이미지의 화소 차이에 의해 대비하여 그 지역의 안개상황을 확인하며, 이 확인된 정보를 통해 터널에 진입하는 차량의 운전자에게 경고할 수 있도록 함으로써, 신속하게 안전사고를 방지할 수 있는 촬영 이미지 판독에 의한 안개 속 도로의 가시거리 확인시스템에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 본 발명에 따른 촬영 이미지 판독에 의한 안개 속 도로의 가시거리 확인시스템은 터널의 입구 또는 출구 측에 적어도 하나 이상 설치되되 터널 내부를 촬영하여 촬영정보를 획득하는 촬영부, 일측이 체결수단에 의해 터널에 고정설치되되 상기 촬영부를 회전시키는 회전부, 상기 촬영부 또는 상기 회전부와 탈부착 가능하게 결합하되 입자형태의 물방울을 갖는 안개를 통해 외부습도를 측정하여 습도정보를 획득하는 습도감지센서 및 획득한 상기 촬영정보 또는 상기 습도정보를 메인기관에 전송하되 상기 촬영부 또는 상기 회전부를 제어할 수 있도록 구비되는 제어부를 포함한다.

Device and method for analyzing the chemical constituent of particulate

本发明涉及一种用于分析气溶胶粒子的化学组分的装置(1)和方法。该装置(1)包括：提取电子喷雾电离源(2)，其用于从气溶胶粒子中提取组分、特别是有机化合物，并且用于将这些组分电离成离子；以及用于分析这些离子的质量分析仪(3)、特别是飞行时间质量分析仪，质量分析仪(3)流体联接至提取电子喷雾电离源(2)。所述方法包括以下步骤：利用提取电子喷雾电离源(2)从气溶胶粒子中提取组分、特别是有机化合物，并利用提取电子喷雾电离源(2)将这些组分电离成离子；将这些离子转移至质量分析仪(3)、特别是飞行时间质量分析仪，质量分析仪(3)流体联接至提取电子喷雾电离源(2)；以及利用质量分析仪(3)分析这些离子。

Light Scattering Detector

提供可抑制霧氣所造成配管或閥之閉塞的氟氣製造裝置。氟氣製造裝置之流道係具有經由從流體除去霧氣之霧氣除去部，從電解槽之內部向氟氣選取部輸送流體之第1流道，和不經由霧氣除去部，從電解槽之內部向氟氣選取部輸送流體之第2流道的同時，具有對應於平均粒子徑測定部所測定之霧氣之平均粒子徑，切換流動流體之流道的流道切換部。流道切換部係以平均粒子徑測定部所測定之霧氣之平均粒子徑係預先設定之基準值以下之時，從電解槽之內部向第1流道，輸送流體，較預先設定之基準值為大之時，從電解槽之內部向第2流道，輸送流體。第2流道係具有抑制霧氣所造成第2流道之閉塞的閉塞抑制機構。

Aircraft and warning device for "engine oil odor" in the cabin of an aircraft

本发明设计一种具有至少两个航空发动机(2、3、4、5、6)的飞机(1)，所述飞机具有：‑用于从各航空发动机(2、3、4、5、6)转移引气以便向飞机机舱的空调系统供应空气的装置，其中，‑设置有至少两个空气质量传感器装置(16、17、18)，其分别检测从各航空发动机(2、3、4、5、6)转移的引气的质量，并且‑设置有指示装置(24)，其基于来自各空气质量传感器装置(16、17、18)的信号来显示航空发动机个性化信号。

Aerosol particle monitoring facilities

本发明提供了一种气溶胶粒子监测设备，包括：进气管、光学检测室、出气管和气泵、激发光源、用于将荧光激发光束偏振成水平线偏振光的起偏器、用于吸收激发光束的消光陷阱、第一准直镜、用于将米散射光信号分成水平偏振分量信号和垂直偏振分量信号的偏振分束镜、用于探测所述垂直偏振分量信号的第一光电探测器、用于探测所述水平偏振分量信号的第二光电探测器、米散射滤光片以及用于探测荧光信号的第三光电探测器。该气溶胶粒子监测设备能够同时进行米散射信号探测、荧光信号探测以及退偏度探测，可以同时测量粒子直径、判断是否为生物气溶胶粒子，并对粒子形状特性进行分析，精确分辨气溶胶粒子的类别，有效排除干扰信号。

Environmental sensor with actuator

传感器单元，包括：传感器(3)，用于感测环境气体的变量；致动器(4)，用于将环境气体供应到传感器(3)；以及一个或更多个组件(7)，影响传感器(3)提供的测量结果。传感器单元的估计器(9)被配置为根据第一测量结果和第二测量结果确定没有所述一个或更多个组件(7)的影响的变量的环境值，第一测量结果是由传感器(3)响应于致动器(4)的第一激活状态而提供的，第二测量结果是由传感器(3)响应于致动器(4)的第二激活状态而提供的，第二激活状态不同于第一激活状态。

Method for producing an optimized coating and coating obtainable using said method

本发明涉及一种在基底上生产至少一个涂层(B1)的方法，其至少具有步骤(1)至(5)，即提供涂料组合物(BZ1)(1)、测定在根据步骤(1)提供的涂料组合物(BZ1)的旋转雾化时形成的长丝的平均长丝长度(2)、降低所述测定的平均长丝长度(3)、至少将在步骤(3)后获得的具有降低的平均长丝长度的涂料组合物(BZ1)施加到基底上以形成至少一个膜(F1)(4)，和至少物理固化、化学固化和/或辐射固化根据步骤(4)在基底上形成的所述至少一个膜(F1)以在基底上产生涂层(B1)(5)，还涉及位于基底上并通过这种方法可获得的涂层(B1)。

Controlled sampling volume of clouds for measuring cloud parameters

Apparatus and associated methods relate to determining a size and/or density of Super-cooled Large Droplets (SLDs) in a cloud atmosphere by comparing detected optical signals reflected from small and large sampling volumes of a cloud atmosphere. In some embodiments, an optical pulse is generated and divergently projected from a first optical fiber. A collimating lens is aligned within the divergently projected optical pulse collimating a portion thereof. The collimated and uncollimated portions of the optical pulse are projected into the small and large sampling volumes of the cloud atmosphere, respectively. The ratio of the collimated to the uncollimated portions can be optically controlled. Signals corresponding to optical pulses having different collimated/uncollimated ratios are backscattered by the cloud atmosphere, detected and compared to one another. A processor is configured to calculate, based on scintillation spike differences between the optical pulses of different collimated/uncollimated ratios, a size and/or density of SLDs.

Improved fluid dispensing process control using machine learning and system implementing the same

Systems and methods for improved fluid dispensing process control using a machine learning tool are disclosed. In an example method, successive portions of viscous fluid are dispensed by a dispensing device according to operating parameters to train a machine learning tool to associate defect classifications with images of dispensed portions and/or operating parameters associated with dispensing the dispensed portions. The trained machine learning tool is then used in a closed loop fashion in production to detect and correct for defects associated with the dispensed portions to improve quality and production efficiency.

Method for detecting at least particle compositions in a monitoring region by means of an optical detection device, and detection device

The invention relates to a method for detecting at least particle compositions (21) in a monitoring region (14) which have temporally dynamic behaviour by means of an optical detection device (12), and to an optical detection device (12). In the method, during at least one measurement, optical transmission signals (22) are transmitted into the monitoring region (14), and transmission signals (22) which are reflected at particle targets (28) by particle compositions (21) possibly present in the monitoring region (14) are received as particle reflection signals (30). The presence of dynamic particle compositions (21) is confirmed by the particle reflection signals (30). At least two measurements are performed spaced-apart over time. A particle target density or a variable characterising the particle target density is determined for at least a partial volume (48) of the monitoring region (14) on the basis of the particle reflection signals (30). If the particle target density (52), or the variable characterising same, of the at least two measurements differ by more than a predefinable or predefined tolerance, it is inferred that the particle reflection signals (30) from the at least one partial volume originate from the reflection of the transmission signals (22) at dynamic particle compositions (21).

Aerosol pressure device and associated process

Zur Überwachung eines Druckprozesses, bei dem ein Druckmedium in Form eines Aerosol-Strahls (6) auf ein zu bedruckendes Substrat (10) ausgestoßen wird, wird mittels einer Lichtquelle (30) ein Lichtbündel (36) emittiert, das zumindest teilweise über den Aerosol-Strahl (6) auf einen Lichtdetektor (32) fällt. Das Lichtbündel (36) wird mittels des Lichtdetektors (32) detektiert. Mindestens eine Eigenschaft des detektierten Lichtbündels (36) wird dabei als Maß für mindestens eine Eigenschaft des Aerosol-Strahls (6) bestimmt. To monitor a printing process in which a printing medium in the form of an aerosol jet (6) is ejected onto a substrate (10) to be printed, a light source (30) is used to emit a light beam (36) which is at least partially transmitted via the aerosol Beam (6) falls on a light detector (32). The light bundle (36) is detected by means of the light detector (32). At least one property of the detected light bundle (36) is determined as a measure for at least one property of the aerosol jet (6).

A kind of droplet distribution detection sensor and detection method with bionic surface structure

本发明公开了一种具有仿生表面结构的液滴分布检测传感器，以及使用其检测液滴分布均匀度的方法。绝缘外框内部为检测板，检测板表面垂直放置有绒毛，检测板表面小孔周围安装有电极，电极和绒毛由绝缘体隔开；检测板内部设有上下错开的横向通孔和纵向通孔，横向通孔中包裹有电极连线，电极连线经过一个二极管与其所在列的电极相连接；纵向通孔中包裹有绒毛连线，绒毛连线与其所在行的绒毛相连接；电极连线与电极数据采集模块连接；绒毛连线与绒毛控制模块连接；电极数据采集模块、绒毛控制模块、定位模块均与无线传输模块相连接，定位模块贴在检测板底部；电源通过电压变送模块与无线传输模块、电极数据采集模块、绒毛控制模块分别连接。

Particle sensor and manufacturing process therefor

Partikelsensor mit einer Partikelaufladeeinrichtung zum Aufladen von Partikeln in einem Fluidstrom, wobei die Partikelaufladeeinrichtung wenigstens eine Koronaelektrode zur Erzeugung einer Koronaentladung aufweist, wobei die Koronaelektrode ein im Wesentlichen zylindrisches Koronaelement aufweist. Particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream, the particle charging device having at least one corona electrode for generating a corona discharge, the corona electrode having a substantially cylindrical corona element.

用于测量微粒物质的装置和方法

提供了一种用于测量微粒物质的装置，该装置包括：图像获取设备，被配置为使引入到图像获取设备的空气中所包括的微粒物质粒子带电，并且基于无透镜成像来获取带电的微粒物质粒子的图像；光谱获取设备，被配置为获取带电的微粒物质粒子的拉曼光谱；以及处理器，被配置为基于所获取的图像来确定微粒物质粒子的大小和微粒物质粒子的浓度，并且基于所获取的拉曼光谱来确定微粒物质粒子的成分。