ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ СХЕМА С МАТРИЦЕЙ СЕНСОРНЫХ ТРАНЗИСТОРОВ, СЕНСОРНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к аналитической химии. Раскрыта сенсорная матрица интегральной схемы (100), содержащей полупроводниковую подложку (110); изолирующий слой (120) поверх упомянутой подложки; первый транзистор (140a) на упомянутом изолирующем слое, содержащий открытую функционализированную область (146a) канала между областью (142a) истока и областью стока (144) для восприятия аналита в среде; второй транзистор (140b) на упомянутом изолирующем слое, содержащий открытую область (146b) канала между областью (142b) истока и областью (144) стока для восприятия потенциала упомянутой среды; и генератор (150) напряжения смещения, проводящим образом связанный с полупроводниковой подложкой для подачи на упомянутые транзисторы напряжения смещения, при этом упомянутый генератор напряжения смещения является реагирущим на упомянутый второй транзистор. Также раскрыты сенсорное устройство, содержащее такую ИС, и способ измерения аналита с использованием такой ИС. Изобретение обеспечивает формирование ...

СПОСОБ ВЫРАВНИВАНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ КАНАЛОВ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ МНОГОКАНАЛЬНОГО НАНОПРОВОДНОГО ДЕТЕКТОРА

Изобретение относится к электронной технике, а более конкретно к области «Измерение электрических и магнитных величин». Устройство состоит из многоканального нанобиосенсора, каждый канал которого состоит из нанопроводного полевого транзистора, преобразователя ток-напряжение, сумматора 1, умножителя, суматора 2, АЦП, ЦАП, микропроцессора и ПЭВМ. Технологический разброс параметров нанопроводного полевого транзистора компенсируется за счет изменения коэффициента усиления усилителей и компенсации постоянной составляющей сигнала. Техническим результатом является снижение требования производства к повторяемости нанопроволочного детектора, что повышает процент годных к использованию нанопроволочных детекторов. 1 ил.

ЦИФРОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ АНАЛИЗИРУЕМЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СПОСОБОВ

Messen von Biomolekülen und geladenen lonen in einem Elektrolyten

Sensor für Biomoleküle oder geladene Ionen, umfassend: ein Substrat; einen ersten Knoten, einen zweiten Knoten und einen dritten Knoten, die in dem Substrat angeordnet sind; ein Gate-Dielektrikum, das über dem Substrat, dem ersten Knoten, dem zweiten Knoten und dem dritten Knoten angeordnet ist; einen ersten Feldeffekttransistor (FET), wobei der erste FET ein Steuer-Gate, das auf dem Gate-Dielektrikum angeordnet ist, und den ersten Knoten und den zweiten Knoten umfasst; und einen zweiten FET, wobei der zweite FET eine Messoberfläche, die auf dem Gate-Dielektrikum angeordnet ist, und den zweiten Knoten und den dritten Knoten umfasst, wobei die Messoberfläche dafür aufgebaut ist, die Biomoleküle oder geladenen Ionen, die nachgewiesen werden sollen, spezifisch zu binden wobei der erste Knoten, der zweite Knoten und der dritte Knoten jeweils den gleichen Dotierungstyp aufweisen und das Substrat einen Dotierungstyp umfasst, der dem Dotierungstyp des ersten Knotens, des zweiten Knotens und des ...

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung biologischer und/oder elektronischer Eigenschaften einer Probe sowie Verwendungen derselben

Vorrichtung zur Messung biologischer und/oder elektronischer Eigenschaften einer Probe, insbesondere zur Messung von Zellparametern insbesondere einzelner menschlicher, pflanzlicher oder tierischer Zellen, umfassend einen Feldeffekttransistor mit einer Kontaktierungseinrichtung zur Kontaktierung der Probe mit dem Gate des Feldeffekttransistors und eine Stimulationseinrichtung zur Beaufschlagung der Probe mit einer elektrischen Wechselspannung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Feldeffekttransistor ein organischer Feldeffekttransistor ist, Array aus mindestens zwei derartigen Vorrichtungen, Sensor-Chip mit mindestens einer derartigen Vorrichtung, Verfahren zur Messung biologischer und/oder elektronischer Eigenschaften einer Probe, insbesondere zur Messung von Zellparametern insbesondere einzelner menschlicher, pflanzlicher oder tierischer Zellen sowie Verwendungen der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens und Zell-Chip-Hybridsystem.

Markerfreier Sensor

Es wird ein markerfreier Sensor offenbart. Der markerfreie Sensor umfasst ein Substrat, eine erste Elektrode, welche auf dem Substrat ausgebildet ist, eine zweite Elektrode, welche auf dem Substrat ausgebildet ist und von der ersten Elektrode beabstandet ist, sowie eine Halbleiterschicht, welche auf dem Substrat ausgebildet ist und sich in Kontakt mit der ersten Elektrode und mit der zweiten Elektrode befindet, wobei die Halbleiterschicht eine Vielzahl von Sondengruppen, welche an die Halbleiterschicht durch Funktionalisierung gebunden sind, zum Erkennen einer kupplungsspezifischen Verbindung, welche eine Bindungsspezifizität mit den Sondengruppen aufweist, aufweist. Die Halbleiterschicht des markerfreien Sensors gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist mit Sondengruppen verbunden und die Detektion des detektierten Objekts wird durch das Messen der Veränderung in dem elektrischen Strom in einer sofortigen, schnellen, raschen und empfindlichen Weise durchgeführt, wodurch die Verwendung einer ...

Integrated electrochemical and optical sensor with inductor

Sensor cell

Chemical sensing device

Effecient polynucleotide sequencing using an isfet array

Method and device for biochemical sensing

A method and application for detecting and measuring the presence of a binding target material (64) employs a semiconductor device (50) having a receptor-covered surface (90) topgate (60), separated by a dielectric layer (58) from a substrate (56). Receptors (66) attached to this surface exhibit a chemical selectivity function. Binding occurs in a test solution (52), with charge associated with the target material (64) modulating at least one device characteristic. According to the present invention, measurement may occur under dry conditions, at a time and location different from when binding occurred, thus substantially eliminating problems associated with ionic shielding and reference electrodes, so prevalent with prior art wet measurement techniques. Preferably the device (50) includes backgate (62) to which a bias may be applied to restore the devices pre-binding characteristics. Measurement of the restorative backgate bias provides a signal indicating binding of the desired target ...

Sensing apparatus and method

A sensing apparatus comprising an ion sensitive field effect transistor arranged to generate an electrical output signal in response to localised fluctuations of ionic charge at or adjacent the surface of the transistor, and means for detecting the electrical output signal from the ion sensitive field effect transistor, the localised fluctuations of ionic charge indicating events occurring during a chemical reaction.

Chemical sensing device

Biomolecule measuring device

Nucleic acid sequencing using chemically-sensitive field effect transistors (chemFETs)

A method for sequencing a nucleic acid using chemFET (e.g. ISFET, pHFET) arrays based on monitoring changes in the concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), hydrogen ions, and nucleotide triphosphates. Also claimed is an apparatus for detection of ion pulses comprising a laminar fluid flow system; a method for manufacturing a sequencing device comprising generating wells in a glass material on top of an array of transistors; a method for manufacturing an array of FETs coupled to a floating gate; and reaction methods for determining nucleotide sequences.

Biomolecule measuring device

A biomolecule measuring device, wherein a semiconductor sensor for detecting ions generated by a reaction between a biomolecule sample and a reagent is installed. The semiconductor sensor comprises a plurality of cells which are disposed on a semiconductor substrate and detect ions, and a plurality of sense lines. Each of the plurality of cells includes an ISFET which has a floating gate and detects ions, a first MOSFET (M2) which amplifies the output of the ISFET, and a second MOSFET (M3) which selectively transmits the output of the first MOSFET to a sense line (R1) corresponding thereto. Each of the plurality of cells is provided with a third MOSFET (M1) which generates hot electrons in the ISFET and injects an electric charge into the floating gate of the ISFET. The second MOSFET and the third MOSFET are separately controlled.

Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes using large scale FET arrays

Chemical sensor

Metabolite detection apparatus and method of detecting metabolites

[...] USING OF A iONS - [...]fIELD EFFECT - tRANSISTOR FOR PH- [...] G

NANO-SENSORS AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MICROCHIP FOR THE DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL

TRANSISTOR-BASED BIOSENSORS HAVING GATE ELECTRODES COATED WITH RECEPTOR MOLECULES

Methodology and apparatus for the detection of biological substances

Sampling unit and biosensor

The present invention is characterized by having a first reception unit (16) and a second reception unit (18) that are for receiving sample liquid and are disposed so as to be separate from each other and in that the first reception unit (16) includes an identification substance (22) that binds to a substance to be detected and separates the substance to be detected within the sample liquid from a substance not subject to detection and the second reception unit (18) is connected to a reference electrode (21) via a salt bridge part (25).

Polymerase attachment to a conductive channel

Provided is a device, including a conductive channel and a number of polymerase molecules bound thereto, wherein the number is between one and five and the conductive channel is to detect incorporation of a nucleotide comprising a charge tag into a nascent polynucleotide by the polymerase, and each of the one or more polymerase molecules includes a hexahistidine tag, the conductive channel includes a multivalent nickel-nitrolotriacetic acid complex, and the hexahistidine tag is bound to the multivalent nickel-nitrolotriacetic acid complex. Also provided are a method of attaching a polymerase to a conductive channel of a device and a method of using the device.

Transistor-based apparatus and method for molecular detection and field enhancement

SYSTEM EMPLOYING A BIOSENSOR TO MONITOR A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SELECT COMPONENT IN A MEDIUM

A SYSTEM EMPLOYING A BIOSENSOR TO MONITOR A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SELECT COMPONENT IN A MEDIUM A measuring instrument is disclosed having a reversibly selective binding protein immobilized upon the insulated-gate region of a field-effect transistor located on a sensor With the sensor immersed in solution, the proteinbinds a select component of the solution to the gate producing an effect on a current flowing through the IGFET. A plurality of such binding protein-IGFET arrangements can be provided on the same sensor, including the same binding proteins having different binding coefficients KD or an array of proteins with different ligand specificity and/or affinity. Analysis of the IGFET's response to binding by a microprocessor allows, for example, the concentration of the component in solution to be determined. With a plurality of different binding proteins employed, the concentration of different components can be determined. Similarly, with binding proteins employed having different binding ...

METHODOLOGY AND APPARATUS FOR THE DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES

A methodology and an apparatus for the detection of biological substances employing the integration of multiple functions and units designed into and implemented in the form of an individual silicon ship, described as a sensor unit. The deployment of a set of sensor units as a group results in a distributed detecting, discriminating, and alerting network. Distribution of the sensor units facilitates the on-the-spot detection of different biological substances such as viruses, bacteria, spores, allergens, and other toxins that can be suspended in multiple media (air, liquid, blood, etc.). Besides detection/sensing, the individual sensor units perform: data acquisition, data development, data storage, statistical analysis, and data transmission. A set of sensor units deployed in proximity to each ot6her can be designated as a group and act as a distributed sensing network with consistent and reliable data flow to a router and further to a central computer for extended data synthesis, analysis ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DNA DATA STORAGE

In various embodiments, an information storage system comprises: a writing device for synthesizing a nucleotide sequence that encodes a set of information; and a reading device for interpreting the nucleotide sequence by decoding the interpreted nucleotide sequence into the set of information, wherein the reading device comprises a molecular electronics sensor, the sensor comprising a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a molecular complex attached to each electrode to form a molecular electronics circuit, wherein the molecular complex comprises a bridge molecule and a probe molecule, and wherein the molecular electronics sensor produces distinguishable signals in a measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor, when interpreting the nucleotide sequence.

SYSTEMS AND DEVICES FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING WITH SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED DETECTION

In one embodiment, a sample surface of a biosensor includes pixel areas and holds a plurality of clusters during a sequence of sampling events such that the clusters are distributed unevenly over the pixel areas. In another embodiment, a biosensor has a sample surface that includes pixel areas and an array of wells overlying the pixel areas, the biosensor including two wells and two clusters per pixel area. The two wells per pixel area include a dominant well and a subordinate well. The dominant well has a larger cross section over the pixel area than the subordinate well. In another embodiment, an illumination system is coupled to a biosensor that illuminates the pixel areas (1204', 1214') with different angles of illumination (1201, 1211) during a sequence of sampling events, including, for a sampling event, illuminating each of the wells (1202, 1212) with off-axis illumination (1200A, 1200B) to produce asymmetrically illuminated well regions in each of the wells (1202, 1212).

DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF ANALYTES

Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for the rapid and accurate detection of analytes, including Salmonella.

DIGITAL ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR ANALYTES USING ELECTRICAL METHODS

Electrical detection methods are used to identify and further characterize single-molecule target analytes such as proteins and nucleic acids. A composition including a probe region and a tail region is contacted with a target analyte. The probe region specifically binds to the target analyte. The tail region is coupled to the probe region, and includes a nucleic acid template for polynucleotide synthesis. When conditions are such that polynucleotide synthesis occurs along the tail region, one hydrogen ion is released for every nucleotide that is incorporated into the tail region. A transistor such as an ISFET detects and measures changes in ion concentration, and these measurements can be used to identify the tail region and thus characterize the corresponding target analyte.

CHEMICAL SENSING DEVICE

An apparatus comprises a transducer having a first output signal and arranged to receive an electrical input. The transducer switches the first output signal between an ON and OFF state. The apparatus comprises a chemical sensing surface coupled to the transducer arranged to receive a chemical input.A signal generator oscillates one or more of said inputs to vary the switching point of the transducer. The oscillating input may be the chemical input and/or the electrical input. The output signal may be a pulse whose period ON or OFF is determined by the oscillating input modulated by the chemical input.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BIOCHEMICAL SENSING

... 2121797 9308464 PCTABS00021 A method and application for detecting and measuring the presence of a binding target material (64) employs a semiconductor device (50) having a receptor-covered surface (90) topgate (60), separated by a dielectric layer (58) from a substrate (56). Receptors (66) attached to this surface exhibit a chemical selectivity function. Binding occurs in a test solution (52), with charge associated with the target material (64) modulating at least one device characteristic. According to the present invention, measurement may occur under dry conditions, at a time and location different from when binding occurred, thus substantially eliminating problems associated with ionic shielding and reference electrodes, so prevalent with prior art wet measurement techniques. Preferably the device (50) includes backgate (62) to which a bias may be applied to restore the device's pre-binding characteristics. Measurement of the restorative backgate bias provides a signal indicating ...

Sampling unit and biosensor

Biomolecule detecting element and method for analyzing nucleic acid using the same

Biosensor

Electrochemical potentiometric sensing

The invention relates to a method of determining a charged particle concentration in an analyte (100), the method comprising steps of: i) determining at least two measurement points of a surface-potential versus interface-temperature curve (c1, c2, c3, c4), wherein the interface temperature is defined as a temperature of the interface between a measurement electrode and the analyte (100), wherein the surface-potential is defined at the interface, and ii) calculating the charged particle concentration from locations of the at least two measurement points of said curve (c1, c2, c3, c4).This method, which still is a potentiometric electrochemical measurement, exploits the temperature dependency of a surface-potential of a measurement electrode. The invention further provides an electrochemical sensor and electrochemical sensor system for determining a charged particle concentration in an analyte. The invention also provides various sensors which can be used to determine the charged particle ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUNCTIONALIZING MICROSENSORS

L'invention a pour objet un appareil de dépôt d'une membrane sensible comprenant une fonction chimique ou biochimique sur des puces IFSET assemblées en modules sur une bande support, comportant une zone de traitement, un dispositif d'entrée de la bande dans ladite zone de traitement et un dispositif de stockage de la bande en sortie de ladite zone de traitement, ledit appareil comprenant : - des moyens d'avancement de ladite bande aptes à amener au moins un module dans la zone de traitement, - au moins un dispositif de dispense d'une goutte d'une solution d'un polymère photosensible comprenant ladite fonction chimique ou biochimique, alimenté par un réservoir, - des moyens de placement dudit au moins un organe de dispense à l'aplomb d'une puce dudit module, - des moyens de séchage aptes à provoquer une évaporation de l'eau de la solution, - un dispositif d'insolation de la goutte apte à provoquer la réticulation du polymère et la formation d'une membrane. Grâce à cet appareil, un procédé ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUNCTIONALIZING MICROSENSORS

BIOELECTRODE FOR THE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF METABOLITES, AND METHOD OF PREPARATION

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des biocapteurs qui fournissent une réponse électrochimique détectable après oxydation directe d'un métabolite rédox sur la surface de l'électrode. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement une nouvelle bioélectrode pour la détection et la mesure en continu de métabolites comprenant des couches de polypeptides intermédiaires porteurs de charges ioniques. L'invention vise également une méthode de fabrication d'une telle bioélectrode par dépôt de couches successives. Un dispositif de détection et/ou de mesure de métabolites comprenant une bioélectrode selon l'invention fait également partie de l'invention.

Instant and continuous measuring instrument for substances present in biological fluid, e.g. for haemodialysis, has chamber containing ISFET chemical sensor

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de mesure des constituants d'un fluide biologique, à l'aide de capteurs électrochimiques intégrés, comprenant - une enceinte étanche délimitant une chambre de mesure, dotée d'un orifice d'entrée et d'un orifice de sortie permettant la circulation dudit fluide biologique à travers ladite chambre de mesure, - un capteur chimique de type ISFET sensible à au moins une substance présente dans ledit fluide biologique, ledit capteur étant placé dans la chambre de mesure, - des moyens de transmission du signal émis par ledit capteur chimique de type ISFET à un lecteur de données. De préférence, ledit capteur chimique comprend deux ISFET (Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor) sensibles à deux substances présentes dans ledit fluide biologique. Les ISFET peuvent être des ENFET (Transistor à Effet de Champ Enzymatique) sensibles à des substances constituant le substrat d'une réaction enzymatique, notamment l'urée et à la créatinine. Le dispositif selon ...

Electronic sensor for detecting DNA/protein mutation, has polycrystalline layer comprising rectangular opening that emerges into lower and upper surfaces of gate for communicating substrate part with exterior of FET

L'invention se rapporte à un capteur électronique pour l'analyse d'échantillon biologique, mettant en oeuvre un transistor à effet de champ, le capteur comportant - un substrat semi-conducteur présentant deux zones dopées avec des porteurs de charges électriques, formant respectivement une zone source (16) et une zone drain (17) du transistor à effet de champ, et - une couche de matériau polycristallin superposée au substrat et formant la grille (10) du transistor, cette grille comportant deux faces latérales s'étendant dans une direction parallèle à un canal de conduction du transistor, et deux faces latérales s'étendant dans une direction orthogonale au canal de conduction de transistor, une face inférieure rectangulaire, et une face supérieure rectangulaire, l'oxyde sacrificiel sous la grille, cet espace étant destiné à recevoir un échantillon biologique à analyser, le capteur étant caractérisé en ce que la couche de matériau polycristallin formant la grille (10) du transistor présente ...

DETECTION DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR INCORPORATED IN A PH-METER, AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SAME.

PROCESS AND MOLECULAR DETECTOR RECEIVING SET CONTAINING TRANSISTOR

Un appareil de détection moléculaire (10) est composé d'un substrat (12) qui supporte un site de liaison permettant de recevoir un récepteur moléculaire (16) et d'un transistor intégré au substrat. Le transistor présente une électrode de grille (20), une électrode de source (22), une électrode de drain (24) et une couche de canal semi-conductrice (26) qui couple électriquement l'électrode de source à l'électrode de drain. La couche de canal semi-conductrice (26) est située près du récepteur moléculaire (16) de sorte qu'une conductance entre l'électrode de source et l'électrode de drain est modifiée par une charge associée à une molécule (28) qui se lie au récepteur moléculaire (16). La liaison entre la molécule et le récepteur moléculaire (16) est détectée par une caractéristique électrique modifiée du transistor qui résulte de la charge associée à la molécule.

INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC DETECTOR OF POTENTIAL CHANGES WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY

OLFACTORY RECEPTOR-FUNCTIONALIZED TRANSISTORS FOR HIGHLY SELECTIVE BIOELECTRONIC NOSE AND BIOSENSOR USING THE SAME

METHOD FOR IMPROVING SENSITIVITY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR AND USE OF SAME

The present invention provides a method for improving sensitivity of an electrochemical sensor including following steps. The method for improving sensitivity of an electrochemical sensor includes: (a) a step of forming a complex by combining a first targeting moiety fixed to a substrate with a target matter; (b) a step of combining a second targeting moiety with the target matter in the complex; (c) a step of amplifying a charge amount of a charge amplification target matter combined with the second targeting moiety; and (d) a step of detecting a change in voltage on the substrate, wherein the voltage is increased after being amplified by being compared to the charge amount before the amplification of the charge amplification target matter in order for the same current amount to flow in the substrate. According to the present invention, the method for improving sensitivity of an electrochemical sensor can remarkably improve sensitivity of an electrochemical sensor by amplifying the charge ...

전계효과 트랜지스터형 바이오 센서 어레이 제조방법 및 미세유체소자를 포함하는 전계효과 트랜지스터형 바이오 센서 어레이 제조방법

... 전계효과 트랜지스터형 바이오 센서 어레이 제조방법이 개시된다. 전계효과 트랜지스터형 바이오 센서 어레이 제조방법은 기판 상에 2차원 나노재료로 이루어진 채널층을 배치하는 단계; 상기 채널층 상에 희생층을 배치하는 단계; 상기 희생층 상에 제1 포토레지스트를 배치하고 상기 제1 포토레지스트를 노광하여 제1 패턴을 형성하는 단계; 패터닝된 상기 제1 포토레지스트를 마스크로 이용하고 상기 채널층 및 상기 희생층을 식각하여 상기 기판 상에 상기 제1 패턴에 대응하는 복수 개의 나노재료 구조체들을 형성하는 단계; 상기 복수 개의 나노재료 구조체들 상에 제2 포토레지스트를 배치하고 상기 제2 포토레지스트를 노광하여 제2 패턴을 형성하는 단계; 패터닝된 상기 제2 포토레지스트를 마스크로 이용하고 상기 복수 개의 나노재료 구조체의 희생층을 식각하여 상기 복수 개의 나노재료 구조체의 채널층 상에 소스 전극과 드레인 전극이 각각 형성될 영역을 형성하는 단계; 상기 복수 개의 나노재료 구조체의 채널층 상에 소스 전극과 드레인 전극을 각각 형성하는 단계; 상기 기판, 상기 소스 전극 및 상기 드레인 전극을 각각 보호하는 보호층을 배치하는 단계; 및 상기 보호층을 마스크로 이용하고 상기 소스 전극과 상기 드레인 전극 사이의 채널층을 노출시키는 단계를 포함한다.

대규모 분자 전자소자 센서 어레이들을 이용하여 분석물들을 측정하는 방법들 및 장치

... 본 개시물의 다양한 실시형태들에서, 분자 전자소자 센서 어레이 칩은, (a) 집적 회로 반도체 칩; 및 (b) 집적 회로 반도체 칩 상부에 배치된 복수의 분자 전자 센서 디바이스들을 포함하며, 상기 센서 디바이스들의 각각은, (i) 나노갭에 의해 분리된 나노 스케일 소스 및 드레인 전극들의 쌍; (ii) 게이트 전극; 및 (iii) 나노갭에 걸치고 소스 및 드레인 전극들을 접속하는 브릿지 및/또는 프로브 분자를 포함하며, 분자 전자 센서 디바이스들은 전자적으로 어드레스가능한, 제어가능한, 및 판독가능한 센서 픽셀들의 어레이로 조직화된다.

BIOSENSOR FOR DETECTING ETHYLENE AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to a biosensor for detecting ethylene and a use thereof and, more specifically, to a biosensor for detecting ethylene, which is manufactured since an ethylene binding domain (EtBD) of an ethylene receptor in which an oligomerization domain is fused is mounted on a field-effect-transistor (FET) by a cysteine tag, and a use thereof. According to the present invention, the ethylene can be efficiently detected in case the biosensor for detecting ethylene is used. Therefore, the biosensor for detecting ethylene is useful to monitor the ethylene of plant products including fruits, flowers, and vegetable. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016 ...

BACKSIDE CMOS COMPATIBLE BIOFET WITH NO PLASMA INDUCED DAMAGE

METHOD FOR ACCURATELY AND EASILY DETECTING BIO-MOLECULES WITH LOWERED ERROR BY USING A FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR

PURPOSE: A method for detecting bio-molecules is provided to detect the bio-molecules accurately and easily and prepare a field effect transistor(FET) simply and lower the distribution of performance among FETs significantly since the bio-molecules do not use a fixed FET. CONSTITUTION: A method for detecting target bio-molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins using a field effect transistor comprises the steps of: (a) providing a first sample including a first target bio-molecule to a gate electrode of the field effect transistor and measuring the first electrical signal change of the transistor; (b) providing a second sample including a second sample to the gate electrode of the same field effect transistor and measuring the second electrical signal change of the transistor; and (c) comparing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal by calculating the ratio of the first electrical signal to the second electrical signal, wherein the field effect transistor comprises ...

Field-effect transistor, single electron transistor, and sensor using same

A sensor for detecting a substance to be detected. The sensor includes a field-effect transistor (1A) having a substrate (2), a source electrode (4) and a drain electrode (5) both installed on the substrate (2), and a channel (6) to serve as a current path between the source electrode (4) and the drain electrode (5). The field-effect transistor (1A) further includes an interaction sensing gate (9) for immobilizing a specific substance (10) interactive selectively with the substance to be detected and a gate (7) to which a voltage is applied so that the interaction is detected as a characteristic variation of the field-effect transistor (1A). Such a structure enables a sensor to detect a substance to be detected with a high detection sensitivity.

Fluid chip and analysis device

Provided are: a fluid chip that is provided in an analysis device for analyzing a minute amount of a sample and that can achieve miniaturization of this analysis device; and an analysis device provided with this fluid chip. A fluid chip 10 is characterized by being provided with: an intra-substrate flow channel provided inside a substrate 21; a surface-side insulation film 22 that serves as an insulation film and that is provided on a surface of the substrate 21; an inflow opening 22a that is provided to the upstream of the intra-substrate flow channel and through which a sample is allowed to flow into the intra-substrate flow channel; and an outflow opening 22b that is provided to the downstream of the intra-substrate flow channel and through which the sample is allowed to flow out of the intra-substrate flow channel, wherein the inflow opening 22a and the outflow opening 22b are provided to the surface-side insulation film 22, and are connected to each other via the intra-substrate flow ...

Semiconductor device, biological field-effect transistor (biofet) device, and method of making the same

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SEMICONDUCTOR SENSOR DEVICE AND SEMICONDUCTOR SENSOR DEVICE OBTAINED WITH SUCH METHOD

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor sensor device (10) for sensing a substance (30) and comprising a strip-shaped semiconductor region (1) which is formed on a surface of a semiconductor body.(11) and which is connected at a first end to a first electrically conducting connection region (3) and at a second end to a second electrically conducting connection region (4) while a fluid (20) comprising a substance (30) to be sensed can flow along a side face of the strip-shaped semiconductor region (1). and the substance (30) to be sensed can influence the electrical properties of the strip-shaped semiconductor region (1), and wherein the strip-shaped semiconductor region (1) is formed in a semiconductor layer (13) on top of an insulating layer (5) which in turn is on top of a semiconductor substrate (14). According to the invention after formation of the strip-shaped semiconductor region (1) in the semiconductor layer (13), the substrate (2) is attached to the ...

SENSOR DEVICE FOR DETECTING AN ANALYTE

The invention relates to a sensor device (110) for detecting at least one analyte (144) in a fluid, in particular in a body fluid. The sensor device (110) comprises at least one closed detector chamber (140) and at least one electric sensor (112) having at least one sensor electrode (162). The detector chamber (140) can be connected to the fluid (146) such that the analyte (144) can penetrate into the detector chamber (140). The detector chamber (140) comprises at least one detector substance (150). The detector substance (150) is designed to influence at least one electric property of the electric sensor (112), in particular at least one electric property of the sensor electrode (162), depending on a concentration of the analyte (144) in the detector chamber (140).

ORGANIC FIELD -EFFECT TRANSISTOR SENSOR

Transistor comprising at least one conductive layer (4), at least one gate dielectric layer (3) and at least one semiconducting film (1) deposited on top of a receptor molecule layer (2) previously deposited or covalently linked to the surface of the gate dielectric (3). Said layer of biological material is constituted by single or double layers of phospholipids, layers made of proteins such as receptors, antibodies, ionic channels and enzymes, single or double layers of phospholipids with inclusion or anchoring of proteins such as: receptors, antibodies, ionic channels and enzymes, layers made of oligonucleotide (DNA, RNA, PNA) probes, layers made of cells or viruses, layers made of synthetic receptors for example molecules or macromolecules similar to biological receptors for properties, reactivity or steric aspects.

REDUCING CAPACITIVE CHARGING IN ELECTRONIC DEVICES

The invention relates to an electronic device for measuring and/or controlling a property of an analyte (100). The electronic device comprises: i) an electrode (Snsr) forming an interface with the analyte (100) in which the electrode (Snsr) is immersed in operational use, the interface having an interface temperature (T), and ii) a resistive heater (Htr) being thermally and capacitively coupled to the electrode (Snsr), the resistive heater (Htr) being configured for setting the interface temperature (T) by controlling a current through the resistive heater (Htr). The resistive heater (Htr) is provided with signal integrity protection for reducing the capacitive charging of the electrode (Snsr) by the resistive heater (Htr) if the current through the resistive heater (Htr) is modulated. The invention further relates to an electrochemical sensor for determining a charged particle concentration in the analyte (100) using the thermo-potentiometric principle, the electrochemical sensor comprising ...

ULTRASENSITIVE BIOCHEMICAL SENSOR

An electronic sensor (Figure 20) is provided for detecting the presence of one or more analytes of interest in a sample. The sensor preferably comprises a field effect transistor in which conductance is enhanced by analyte binding to receptors in the active region 280. An array of sensors may be formed to analyze a sample for multiple analytes.

Grid coatings for capture of proteins and other compounds

Grids comprising a coating modified with one or more capture agents and a deactivating agent are disclosed. Methods of using such grids in connection with suitable microscopy techniques, such as for determining the structure of target compounds including proteins, are also disclosed.

FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR, DEVICE INCLUDING THE TRANSISTOR, AND METHODS OF FORMING AND USING SAME

The present disclosure provides an improved field effect transistor and device that can be used to sense and characterize a variety of materials. The field effect transistor and/or device including the transistor may be used for a variety of applications, including genome sequencing, protein sequencing, biomolecular sequencing, and detection of ions, molecules, chemicals, biomolecules, metal atoms, polymers, nanoparticles and the like.

MICRO-FLUIDIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH DEVICES

A micro-fluidic electronic device includes a micro-fluidic component and an electronic component formed on a sheet of paper. An electrically-active layer of the electronic component, such as a nano-material layer, interacts with a fluid sample deposited within a fluid reservoir of the component, and changes the electronic properties of the electronic component. This can be detected by passing an electrical signal through the electronic component. The micro-fluidic electronic device can be formed straightforwardly and inexpensively by printing or mold-casting.

Debye length modulation

Systems and methods for detection of biological agents are generally described. Target biological agents may be detected by use of a sensor, which in some situations is a nanowire. An external electric field is applied in some embodiments to induce an electric dipole. The induced electric dipole is detected, allowing detection of the biological agent.

Electrical urea biosensors and its manufacturing method

The present invention is to provide an electrical urea biosensor and its manufacturing method. In the present invention, a sensitive film is positioned on a surface of a substrate, wherein a conductive layer is formed on the surface of the substrate. The sensitive film is used as an ion-sensitive electrode. The sensitive film provides with a sensitive region and a non-sensitive region. A conductive line is extended from the conductive layer for using as an external electrical contact point. The present invention utilizes a package encapsulant covering the non-sensitive region of the sensitive film to define a sensitive window at the sensitive region and a urea enzyme is immobilized within the sensitive window of the sensitive film. Then, the present invention completes the formulation of a urea biosensor. The present invention is a disposable urea biosensor and provides with advantages of the mass production, low cost, and the easy package.

Flip Chip Thin Film Hybrid Screen Printed Electrode Test Strip

This invention is about a product of a flip chip thin film hybrid screen printed electrode. It combines a primary screen printed electrode (SPE) device and a thin film material coated chip, in order to make a hybridized product. The product is used as a test strip for electrochemical analysis, such as environmental, bio-electrochemical and biomedical sensors. The hybridized electrodes design takes the benefits of low cost of screen printing technology, and high sensitivity of thin film coating nanotechnology. This invention is also about applying a flip chip method to manufacture the hybrid electrode. A chip of thin film material coated solid state substrate is surface mounted to a preliminary perforated SPE by a flip chip method/process. This method/process is fast, easy, cheap, uniform, and suitable for large scale manufacturing. 1. A test strip for electrochemical stripping analysis , comprising:a main body made of a insulative sheet material in a strip format, having a perforated hole, having a upside surface and down side surface;a set of counter electrode, on the up side surface of the main body , in the proximity of the hole;a set of reference electrode, on the up side surface of the main body, in the proximity of the hole;a set of work electrode, made of a chip, mounted to the down side surface of the main body;2. For the test strip product of the claim 1 ,the work electrode chip is made of a solid state substrate, such as a piece of graphite paper, carbon paper, ceramics, mica, glass, polymer plastics, silicon wafer, and a thin film material is deposited on the chip surface;3. For the test strip product of the claim 1 ,the chip is coated by a thin film technology via a physical vapor deposition (PVD), a chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method;4. For the test strip product in the claim 1 ,the thin film material is made of the vertically free standing graphene containing carbon nanosheets material (Vertical ...

VeSFET Chemical Sensor And Methods Of Use Thereof

Aspects of the invention are directed to chemical and biological molecule sensing devices, methods of fabricating the chemical sensor devices, and methods of using those devices to detect chemical and biological molecules. The chemical sensor device may comprise a chemically-sensitive vertical slit field effect transistor (VeSFET) with a chemical recognition element attached to a gate structure and/or a channel of the VeSFET. The recognition element may be capable of binding to a chemical of interest such that the binding of the chemical to the recognition element results in a modification of current flow of the VeSFET, resulting in a detectable signal. The chemical sensor device may further comprise an amplifier configured to receive the detectable signal and produce an amplified signal, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to receive the amplified signal and to produce a digital signal that represents the amplified signal.

THIOLATED NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUES FOR NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS

The present disclosure provide systems, compositions, methods, reagents, kits and products for extending a nucleic acid that includes incorporating a nucleotide residue at a terminus of a nucleic acid using a polymerase enzyme and at least one nucleotide, wherein the at least one nucleotide includes a thiophosphate moiety, and wherein the at least one nucleotide is resistant to hydrolysis by phosphatase. In some embodiments, the nucleotide incorporation can be conducted in the presence of a phosphatase. In some embodiments, the nucleotide incorporation can be conducted in the presence of at least on chelation moiety that is configured to bind an orthophosphate moiety.

One-transistor pixel array

To reduce the pixel size to the smallest dimensions and simplest form of operation, a pixel may be formed by using only one ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET). This one-transistor, or 1T, pixel can provide gain by converting the drain current to voltage in the column. Configurable pixels can be created to allow both common source read out as well as source follower read out. A plurality of the 1T pixels may form an array, having a number of rows and a number of columns and a column readout circuit in each column.

Biosensor device and system

A plug side surface of a plug housing is provided with a claw portion. The claw portion includes a plug lock surface facing in a direction away from a connector mounting surface. Each assistant fitting of a receptacle connector includes a receptacle lock surface that faces in a direction approaching the connector mounting surface and is opposed to the plug lock surface in a mated state. The plug lock surface includes a lock maintaining surface and an unlocking surface. Assuming that an angle formed between a reference plane and the lock maintaining surface is a lock maintaining angle and an angle formed between the reference plane and the unlocking surface is an unlocking angle, the lock maintaining angle is smaller than the unlocking angle.

CMOS compatible BioFET

The present disclosure provides a bio-field effect transistor (BioFET) and a method of fabricating a BioFET device. The method includes forming a BioFET using one or more process steps compatible with or typical to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The BioFET device may include a substrate; a gate structure disposed on a first surface of the substrate and an interface layer formed on the second surface of the substrate. The interface layer may allow for a receptor to be placed on the interface layer to detect the presence of a biomolecule or bio-entity.

Biosensors including surface resonance spectroscopy and semiconductor devices

A sensor including a surface plasmon resonance detector with a reservoir for containing a liquid sample. The sensor further includes a sensing metallic film positioned within the reservoir so that at least a majority of a surface of the sensing metallic film is to be in contact with the liquid sample being housed within the reservoir. The sensory also includes a semiconductor device having a contact in electrical communication with the sensing metal containing film that is positioned within the reservoir. The semiconductor device measures the net charges of molecules within the liquid sample within a Debye length from the sensing metallic film.

Graphene FET devices, systems, and methods of using the same for sequencing nucleic acids

Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods of employing the same for the performance of bioinformatics analysis. The apparatuses and methods of the disclosure are directed in part to large scale graphene FET sensors, arrays, and integrated circuits employing the same for analyte measurements. The present GFET sensors, arrays, and integrated circuits may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved GFET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense GFET sensor based arrays. Improved fabrication techniques employing graphene as a reaction layer provide for rapid data acquisition from small sensors to large and dense arrays of sensors. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes, including DNA hybridization and/or sequencing reactions ...

FET sensing cell and method of improving sensitivity of the same

The present disclosure provides a device, such as a FET sensing cell, which includes a first dielectric layer over a substrate, an active layer over the first dielectric layer, a source region in the active layer, a drain region in the active layer, a channel region in the active layer situated between the source region and the drain region, a sensing film over the channel region, a second dielectric layer over the active layer, wherein an opening is formed in the second dielectric layer and the sensing film is located within the opening, a first electrode located within the second dielectric layer and a fluidic gate region located over the second dielectric layer and extending into the opening. The present disclosure also provides a method for improving the sensitivity of a device by adjusting a sensing value.

Nano dipole sensors

A bipolar junction transistor is provided; the transistor has an emitter, a base, and a collector. The base is coupled to a sensing electrode. The sensing electrode is immersed in a fluid to be analyzed. The bipolar junction transistor is biased into the active region. An AC excitation of one of the emitter and the base is caused. A measurement is carried out on a collector current resulting from the AC excitation, to analyze the fluid.

MOLECULAR SENSORS AND RELATED METHODS

Electronic sensors configured to detect single molecules and DNA methods of using and manufacturing same are disclosed. A sensor may include source and drain electrodes spaced apart by a sensor gap; a gate electrode, wherein the source, drain and gate electrodes cooperate to form an electrode circuit; and a bridge molecule bridging across the sensor gap, connecting source and drain electrodes; and a probe coupled to the bridge molecule, wherein interaction of the probe with a nucleic acid is detectable by monitoring a parameter of the electrode circuit. In various examples, the nucleic acid comprises DNA or RNA.

LOW POWER BIOLOGICAL SENSING SYSTEM

It is recognized that, because of its unique properties, graphene can serve as an interface with biological cells that communicate by an electrical impulse, or action potential. Responding to a sensed signal can be accomplished by coupling a graphene sensor to a low power digital electronic switch that is activatable by the sensed low power electrical signals. It is further recognized that low power devices such as tunneling diodes and TFETs are suitable for use in such biological applications in conjunction with graphene sensors. While tunneling diodes can be used in diagnostic applications, TFETs, which are three-terminal devices, further permit controlling the voltage on one cell according to signals received by other cells. Thus, by the use of a biological sensor system that includes graphene nanowire sensors coupled to a TFET, charge can be redistributed among different biological cells, potentially with therapeutic effects.

SEALED FLUID CHAMBER WITH PLANARIZATION FOR BIOMOLECULAR SENSORS AND RELATED METHODS

The techniques relate to methods and apparatus for sealed fluid chambers. The device includes a sensor chip comprising a set of sensor elements configured to sense an analyte, and the set of sensor elements comprise an associated set of electrodes extending along the surface of the substrate. The device includes a fluid chamber comprising an edge proximate to the surface of the substrate, the fluid chamber comprising an inner portion in fluid communication with the set of sensor elements, wherein at least one electrodes extends from the inner portion of the chamber across the edge of the chamber and outside of the fluid chamber. The device includes a sealing member between the edge of the fluid chamber and the surface of the substrate such that the sealing member is disposed over at least a portion of the electrode that extends across the edge of the fluid chamber.

CHEMICAL SENSORS WITH CONSISTENT SENSOR SURFACE AREAS

In one embodiment, a chemical sensor is described. The chemical sensor includes a chemically-sensitive field effect transistor including a floating gate conductor having an upper surface. A material defines an opening extending to the upper surface of the floating gate conductor. The material comprises a first dielectric underlying a second dielectric. A conductive element contacts the upper surface of the floating gate conductor and extends a distance along a sidewall of the opening, the distance defined by a thickness of the first dielectric.

Methods and apparatus for a shear-enhanced CNT-assembly nanosensor platform for ultra-sensitive and selective protein detection

A nanoscale protein-sensing platform with a non-equilibrium on-off switch that employs dielectrophoretic and hydrodynamic shear forces to overcome these thermodynamic limitations with irreversible kinetics. The detection sensitivity is achieved with complete association of the antibody-antigen-antibody (Ab-Ag-Ab) complex by precisely and rapidly assembling carbon nanotubes (CNT) across two parallel electrodes via sequential DC electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis (DEP), and with single-CNT electron tunneling conductance. The high selectivity is achieved with a critical hydrodynamic shear rate between the activated dissociation shear rates of target and non-target linkers of the aligned CNTs.

Superhydrophobic electrode and biosensing device using the same

A method for making a hydrophobic biosensing device includes forming alternating layers over a top and sides of a fin on a dielectric layer to form a stack of layers. The stack of layers are planarized to expose the top of the fin. The fin and every other layer are removed to form a cathode group of fins and an anode group of fins. A hydrophobic surface on the two groups of fins.

Sensor device for detecting an analyte

A sensor device for detecting at least one analyte in a fluid, in particular in a body fluid, is disclosed. The sensor device includes at least one closed detector chamber and at least one electrical sensor having at least one sensor electrode. The detector chamber can be connected to the fluid in such a way that the analyte can penetrate into the detector chamber. The detector chamber includes at least one detector substance. The detector substance is designed to influence at least one electrical property of the electrical sensor, in particular at least one electrical property of the sensor electrode, depending on a concentration of the analyte in the detector chamber.

GRAPHENE-BASED NANOSENSOR FOR IDENTIFYING TARGET ANALYTES

A microdevice for monitoring a target analyte is provided. The microdevice can include a field effect transistor comprising a substrate, a gate electrode, and a microfluidic channel including graphene. The microfluidic channel can be formed between drain electrodes and source electrodes on the substrate. The microdevice can also include at least one aptamer functionalized on a surface of the graphene. The at least one aptamer can be adapted for binding to the target analyte. Binding of the target analyte to the at least one aptamer can alter the conductance of the graphene.

Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes using large scale FET arrays

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.

DNA-decorated graphene chemical sensors

The present invention provides a broad response single-stranded DNA-graphene chemical sensor device. The present invention also provides methods for improving the ability of graphene to work as a chemical sensor by using single-stranded DNA as a sensitizing agent.

Method for Detecting Pyrophosphoric Acid Using Support Having Boronic Acid Group Immobilized Thereon

An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of easily and directly performing DNA sequencing by directly detecting pyrophosphoric acid released by an enzymatic reaction, particularly with a DNA polymerase or a DNA ligase. The present invention provides a method and a device for detecting pyrophosphoric acid by measuring an electrical change occurring when a boronic acid group immobilized on an electrically conductive support reversibly binds to pyrophosphoric acid.

Nanopore forming method and uses thereof

The invention relates to a method for making nanopores in thin layers or monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides that enables accurate and controllable formation of pore within those thin layer(s) with sub-nanometer precision.

Biosensor for Measuring an Analyte Concentration

The present patent disclosure concerns a sensor device comprising a sensor electrode for measuring an analyte concentration in an aqueous solution and a method of preparing a sensor electrode, wherein the sensor electrode comprises a substrate having conductive means, a polymer mixture deposited on the sensor electrode adjacent to and/or in contact with the conductive means, wherein the polymer mixture comprises a semiconducting polymer comprised of monomeric units comprising one or more aromatic, preferably thiophene, moieties along a backbone chain and at least two polar side chains covalently bonded to the backbone chain, wherein the semiconducting polymer has an electron and/or hole mobility of at least 1×10−2 cm2V−1s−1, preferably at least 1×10−1 cm2V−1s−1, and wherein the polymer mixture further comprises a hydrophilic polymer comprised of monomeric units comprising one or more carbon-carbon bonds and one or more of hydroxyl, ester, carbonyl or amide moieties, wherein the semiconducting ...

ELECTROLYTE-GATED TRANSISTORS FOR DETECTION OF MOLECULES

The disclosure describes methods, devices, and system that measure chemisorption potentiometrically for detection of target molecules. In one example, a device includes a semiconductor, an ionic conducting electronic insulator coupled to the semiconductor, a floating gate electrode comprising a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being coupled to the semiconductor via the ionic conducting electronic insulator, an aqueous buffer, and a primary gate electrode coupled to the second portion of the floating gate electrode via the aqueous buffer. The second portion of the floating gate electrode may comprise a probe configured to react with a target chemical composition of a molecule to detect the presence of the molecule. Reaction with the target chemical composition may change an electrical property of the device and indicate the presence of the molecule in the aqueous buffer.

CAPACITIVE BIOSENSOR AND FABRICATING METHOD THEREOF

A capacitive biosensor is provided. The capacitive biosensor includes: a transistor, an interconnect structure on the transistor, and a passivation layer on the interconnect structure. The interconnect structure includes a first metal structure on the transistor, a second metal structure on the first metal structure, and a third metal structure on the second metal structure. The third metal structure includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and a third conductive layer that are sequentially stacked. The passivation has an opening exposing a portion of the third metal structure. The capacitive biosensor further includes a sensing region on the interconnect structure. The sensing region includes a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode. The first sensing electrode is formed of the third conductive layer, and the second sensing electrode is disposed on the passivation layer.

Apparatus having reduced noise and corresponding method for detecting ionic materials

DNA SENSOR

A DNA sensor is provided which is capable of identifying unknown DNA with enhanced detection sensitivity of the hybridization. A p-channel field-effect transistor having an electrolyte solution gate 8 and having as a p-channel 5 a diamond surface 2 which contains a mixture of at least a hydrogen-terminated surface and a surface terminated with an amino group or a molecule with an amino group is configured along with a probe DNA 11 constituted of a single-stranded DNA with known nucleotide sequence which is directly immobilized by a linker to the diamond surface 2 and with a target DNA constituted of an unknown single-stranded DNA which is dropped on the diamond surface 2. When the target DNA is in complementary relationship to the probe DNA 11, negative electric charge of the phosphate group of a double-stranded DNA produced by the hybridization of the probe DNA 11 with the target DNA both constituted of a single-stranded DNA is doubled, thereby resulting in increase of the hole density ...

Field effect transistor for detecting ionic material and method of detecting ionic material using the same

BIOSENSOR APPARATUSES AND METHODS THEREOF

Electrochemical sensor facilitating repeated measurement

Sensor with immunochemical membrane chemically bound to a semiconductor device

Array configuration and readout scheme

The described embodiments may provide a chemical detection circuit that may comprise a plurality of first output circuits at a first side and a plurality of second output circuits at a second side of the chemical detection circuit. The chemical detection circuit may further comprise a plurality of tiles of pixels each placed between respective pairs of first and second output circuits. Each tile may include four quadrants of pixels. Each quadrant may have columns with designated first columns interleaved with second columns. Each first column may be coupled to a respective first output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective second output circuit in third and fourth quadrants. Each second column may be coupled to a respective second output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective first output circuit in third and fourth quadrants.

Methods and Apparatus for Detecting Molecular Interactions Using FET Arrays

Methods and apparatuses relating to large scale FET arrays for analyte detection and measurement are provided. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes.

Microanalysis methods and systems using field effect transistor

Provided is a microanalysis method and system using a Field Effect Transistor (FET). The microanalysis method includes a channel region having a receptor molecule fixed; forming a nano-particle conjugate in the channel region by supplying a sample for test and the nano-particle conjugate to the FET; growing a probe material on the channel region; and measuring a current flowing through the channel region, wherein the receptor molecule is a material that is selectively bonded to a target molecule in the sample for test.

Two-Transistor Pixel Array

A two-transistor (2T) pixel comprises a chemically-sensitive transistor (ChemFET) and a selection device which is a non-chemically sensitive transistor. A plurality of the 2T pixels may form an array, having a number of rows and a number of columns. The ChemFET can be configured in a source follower or common source readout mode. Both the ChemFET and the non-chemically sensitive transistor can be NMOS or PMOS device.

Graphene-encapsulated nanoparticle-based biosensor for the selective detection of biomarkers

A field effect transistor (FET) with a source electrode and a drain electrode distanced apart from each other on a semi-conductor substrate, and a gate electrode consisting of a uniform layer of reduced graphene oxide encapsulated semiconductor nanoparticles (rGO-NPs), wherein the gate electrode is disposed between and contacts both the source and drain electrodes. Methods of making and assay methods using the FETs are also disclosed, including methods in which the rGO-NPs are functionalized with binding partners for biomarkers.

Array Column Integrator

Circuits are described for reading a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (chemFET) with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In one embodiment, a device is described that includes a chemFET including a first terminal and a second terminal, and a floating gate coupled to a passivation layer. An integrator circuit is coupled to the second source/drain terminal of the chemFET via a data line. The integrator circuit applies a bias voltage to the data line during a read interval, thereby inducing a current through the chemFET based on a threshold voltage of the chemFET. The integrator circuit then generates an output signal proportional to an integral of the induced current through the chemFET during the read interval.

Dna sequencing employing nanomaterials

Charge transfer doped nanomaterials such as hydrogen terminated diamond, nanotubes, nanowires or similar nanostructures are used to create a highly sensitive pH sensor, or ion sensitive sensor to directly detect the addition of a newly incorporated nucleotide when performing DNA sequencing by synthesis. A single highly integrated chip can be made to sequence many strands of DNA in a massively parallel fashion in a short amount of time with a direct electronic readout that will bring the cost, size, power consumption of sequencing DNA to very attractive and useful levels.

Method of enhanced detection for nanomaterial-based molecular sensors

Sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene which demonstrate extreme sensitivity as reflected in their electrical conductivity to gaseous molecules, such as NO, NO 2 and NH 3 , when exposed to in situ ultraviolet (UV) illumination during measurement of the analytes are disclosed. The sensors are capable of detection limits of NO down to almost 150 parts-per-quadrillion (“ppq”), detection limits of NO 2 to 2 parts-per-trillion (“ppt”), and detection limits of NH 3 of 33 ppt.

Potentiometric dna microarray, process for producing the same and method of analyzing nucleic acid

A DNA microarray system whereby measurement can be performed at a low running cost, a low price and yet a high accuracy. A nucleic acid probe ( 3 ) is immobilized on the surface of a gate insulator of an electric field effect transistor and then hybridized with a target gene on the surface of the gate insulator. A change in the surface electric charge density thus arising is detected by using the electric effect.

Methods and apparatus for high-speed operation of a chemically-sensitive sensor array

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.

Microwell structures for chemically-sensitive sensor arrays

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Active chemically-sensitive sensors with source follower amplifier

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Graphene sensor

A method for forming a sensor includes forming a channel in substrate, forming a sacrificial layer in the channel, forming a sensor having a first dielectric layer disposed on the substrate, a graphene layer disposed on the first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer disposed on the graphene layer, a source region, a drain region, and a gate region, wherein the gate region is disposed on the sacrificial layer removing the sacrificial layer from the channel.

Chemically-sensitive field effect transistor based pixel array with protection diodes

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Methods and apparatus for high speed operation of a chemically-sensitive sensor array

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Chamber free nanoreactor system

Aspects of the invention include methods for improving the accuracy and read length of sequencing reactions by utilizing unlabeled unincorporable nucleotides, or by rephasing colony based sequencing reactions. Other aspects include systems and devices for improved measurement of biological reactions associated with bead which may be removed, utilizing current measurement methods through the counter ions associated with said beads due to the presence of reactants bound or associated with said bead, wherein electrodes for generating and measuring said current may be within the Debye length of said bead. Other aspects of the invention include methods for determining concentrations of input samples, means for reuse of an array, methods and apparatus for separating beads with different charge levels from each other.

Diagnosing, prognosing and monitoring multiple sclerosis

The present invention provides a system and method for diagnosing, monitoring or prognosing Multiple Sclerosis at different stages as well as affording the prediction of disease activity and response to a treatment regimen, using at least one sensor comprising carbon nanotubes or metal nanoparticles, each coated with various organic coatings in conjunction with a pattern recognition algorithm.

Ultrasensitive biosensors

The present invention is a biosensor apparatus that includes a substrate, a source on one side of the substrate, a drain spaced from the source, a conducting channel between the source and the drain, an insulator region, and receptors on a gate region for receiving target material. The receptors are contacted for changing current flow between the source and the drain. The source and the drain are relatively wide compared to length between the source and the drain through the conducting channel.

Microwell structures for chemically-sensitive sensor arrays

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Method and Apparatus for Identifying Defects in a Chemical Sensor Array

In one implementation, a method for operating an apparatus is described. The method includes applying a bias voltage to place a transistor of a reference sensor in a known state. The reference sensor is in an array of sensors that further includes a chemical sensor coupled to a reaction region for receiving at least one reactant. The method further includes acquiring an output signal from the reference sensor in response to the applied bias voltage. The method further includes determining a defect associated with the array if the output signal does not correspond to the known state.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ANALYTES

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions. 1. An apparatus comprising:an array of sensors, a sensor of the array of sensors including an electrode structure;a structure defining an array of reaction chambers, a reaction chamber of the array of reaction chambers having a sidewall surface and having a lower surface overlying the electrode structure of the sensor; anda buffering inhibitor disposed on at least one of the sidewall surface or the lower surface of the reaction chamber.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffering inhibitor includes a phospholipid.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the phospholipid includes phosphatidylcholine claim 2 , phosphatidylethanolamine claim 2 , phosphatidylglycerol claim 2 , or phosphatidylserine.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffering inhibitor includes a sulfonic acid surfactant.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the sulfonic acid surfactant includes poly(ethylene glycol) 4-nonylphenyl 3-sulfopropyl ether (PNSE) claim 4 , poly(styrenesulfonic acid) claim 4 , or a salt thereof.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffering inhibitor includes poly(diallydimethylammonium) claim 1 , tetramethyl ammonium claim 1 , or a salt thereof.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffering inhibitor is covalently bound to the at least one of the sidewall surface or the lower surface of the reaction chamber.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffering inhibitor is non-covalently bound to the at least one of the sidewall surface or the lower surface of the reaction chamber.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes an ion sensitive field effect transistor.10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the ion sensitive field effect ...

Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

FIN-FET SENSOR WITH IMPROVED SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY

The claimed invention is directed to a fmFET biosensor with improved sensitivity and selectivity. Embodiments of the invention are also directed to finFET biosensor arrays, methods for operating fmFET biosensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity, and methods of operating finFET biosensor arrays. 1. A finFET biosensor , comprising:a semiconductor layer on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate;a transistor source;a transistor drain;one or more finFET nanochannels formed in said semiconductor layer, wherein said nanochannels connect said transistor source and said transistor drain;a gate dielectric covering a portion of said one or more nanochannels;a sample channel; anda sensor region further comprising a sensor molecule, wherein said sensor molecule is coupled to said gate dielectric, and further wherein the sensor region is located within the sample channel.2. The finFET biosensor of further comprising a layer of anti-adhesion protective molecules that coat the surface of said sample channel outside of said sensor region.3. The finFET biosensor of where said layer of anti-adhesion protective molecules is composed of polyelthylene glocol (PEG) terminated self assembled monolayers claim 2 , benzene terminated self assembled monolayers claim 2 , fluorocarbon molecules claim 2 , or a thin layer of resists such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or S1813.4. The finFET biosensor of where said sensor molecule is an antibody claim 1 , an antigen claim 1 , a protein claim 1 , a receptor claim 1 , an aptamer claim 1 , a peptide claim 1 , a DNA strand claim 1 , or an enzyme.5. The finFET biosensor of where said sensor molecule is an antibody.6. The finFET biosensor of where said sensor molecule is an antigen.7. The finFET biosensor of further comprising a biasing electrode.89.-. (canceled)10. The finFET biosensor of where said finFET is a nmos or pmos enhancement mode transistor.1112-. (canceled)13. The finFET biosensor of where said finFET is a nmos or pmos ...

High-Resolution Biosensor

A high-resolution biosensor for analysis of biomolecules is provided. The high-resolution biosensor comprises a functional unit comprising a conducting material with an atomic-scale thickness and a micro-nano fluidic system unit. The functional unit is capable of achieving a resolution required to detect a characteristic of individual biomolecule, and the micro-nano fluidic system unit is capable of controlling the movement and conformation of the biomolecule investigated. The functional unit comprises a first insulating layer, conducting functional layer, a second insulating layer, and a nanopore extending through the full thickness of the functional unit. The micro-nano fluidic system unit comprises a first electrophoresis electrode or micropump, a first fluidic reservoir, a second fluidic reservoir, a second electrophoresis electrode or micropump, and micro-nanometer separation channels. The nanopore connects to the micro-nanometer separation channels. Interactions between the biomolecule and conducting functional layer occur as the biomolecule translocates through the nanopore of the functional unit. 118-. (canceled)19. A high-resolution biosensor , comprising: a first insulating layer,', 'a second insulating layer,', 'a functional layer sandwiched between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and', 'a nanopore formed in and extended through the first insulating layer, the functional layer and the second insulating layer; and, 'a signal detection unit comprising a functional unit, the functional unit comprising a first fluidic reservoir formed at a first end of the third insulating layer;', 'a second fluidic reservoir formed at a second end of the third insulating layer opposite to the first end,', 'a first micro-nanometer separation channel connecting to the first fluidic reservoir, the first micro-nanometer separation channel configured to fluidically connect the first fluidic reservoir to a first end of nanopore, and', 'a second micro- ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ANALYTES USING LARGE SCALE FET ARRAYS

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in the concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), hydrogen ions, and nucleotide triphosphates. 123-. (canceled)24. An apparatus comprising:a substrate including an array of sensors;an array of wells disposed over the substrate, a well of the array of wells corresponding to a sensor of the array of sensors; anda cover disposed over the array of wells and defining a flow volume between the array of wells and the cover, the cover defining a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the flow volume, the cover including a non-flat wall defining a concave boundary of the flow volume, the non-flat wall having greater eccentricity at a first position in proximity to the fluid inlet than at a second position further from the fluid inlet.25. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the sensor is a field effect transistor.26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the field effect transistor is an ion sensitive field effect transistor.27. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the fluid inlet corresponds with a first corner of the array of wells and the fluid outlet corresponds with a second corner of the array of wells.28. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the cover further comprises flow disruptors extending into the flow volume.29. The apparatus of claim 24 ...

GRAPHENE SENSOR

A method for forming a sensor includes forming a channel in substrate, forming a sacrificial layer in the channel, forming a sensor having a first dielectric layer disposed on the substrate, a graphene layer disposed on the first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer disposed on the graphene layer, a source region, a drain region, and a gate region, wherein the gate region is disposed on the sacrificial layer removing the sacrificial layer from the channel. 1. A biosensor , comprising:a fluid channel defined in a substrate, the fluid channel having a first end and a second end so as to define a fluid flow path;a first dielectric layer disposed on the substrate and over the fluid channel, wherein a bottom surface of the first dielectric layer is configured to come into physical contact with a DNA containing fluid disposed within the fluid channel;a graphene layer disposed on the first dielectric layer;a second dielectric layer disposed on the graphene layer;a source region disposed on the first dielectric layer; anda drain region disposed on the first dielectric layer;wherein a transistor defined by the source and drain regions is configured to detect a resistance of a single strand DNA contained within the fluid, coming into contact therewith.2. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the second dielectric layer has a greater thickness than the first dielectric layer.3. A biosensor array claim 1 , comprising:a substrate;a plurality of fluid channels defined in the substrate, each fluid channel having a first end and a second end so as to define a fluid flow path; anda plurality of transistor devices formed over each of the fluid channels, each transistor device comprising a first dielectric layer disposed on the substrate and over the fluid channel, wherein a bottom surface of the first dielectric layer is configured to come into physical contact with a DNA containing fluid disposed within the fluid channel, a graphene layer disposed on the first dielectric ...

MOLECULE SENSOR DEVICE

A molecule sensor included in a molecule sensor device has a semiconductor substrate, a bottom gate, a source portion, a drain portion, and a nano-scale semiconductor wire. The bottom gate is for example a poly-silicon layer formed on the semiconductor substrate and electrically insulated from the semiconductor substrate. The source portion is formed on the semiconductor substrate and insulated from the semiconductor substrate. The drain portion is formed on the semiconductor substrate and insulated from the semiconductor substrate. The nano-scale semiconductor wire is connected between the source portion and the drain portion, formed on the bottom gate, insulated from the bottom gate, and has a decoration layer thereon for capturing a molecular. The source portion, drain portion, and nano-wire semiconductor wire are for example another poly-silicon layer. The bottom gate receives a specified voltage to change an amount of surface charge carriers of the nano-scale semiconductor wire. 1. A molecule sensor device , comprising: a semiconductor substrate;', 'a bottom gate, being a single-crystal silicon layer, a poly-silicon layer, or a metal layer formed on the semiconductor substrate and electrically insulated from the semiconductor substrate;', 'at least one source portion, formed on the semiconductor substrate and electrically insulated from the semiconductor substrate;', 'at least one drain portion, formed on the semiconductor substrate and electrically insulated from the semiconductor substrate; and', 'at least one nano-scale semiconductor wire, connected between the source portion and the drain portion, formed on the bottom gate, electrically insulated from the bottom gate, and having a decoration layer thereon for capturing at least one molecule;', 'wherein the source portion, the drain portion and the nano-scale semiconductor wire are another single-crystal silicon layer or poly-silicon layer, and the bottom gate receives a specified voltage to change an amount ...

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ITS DELIVERY FOR LOWERING THE RISKS OF ALZHEIMER'S, CARDIOVASCULAR AND TYPE-2 DIABETES DISEASES

Chemical compositions of bioactive compounds and/or bioactive molecules for lowering the risks of Alzheimer's, Cardiovascular and Diabetes diseases are described. Targeted, passive and programmable/active deliveries of the bioactive compounds and/or bioactive molecules are described. Subsystems for detection of disease specific biomarkers/an array of disease specific biomarkers and programmable/active delivery of the bioactive compounds and/or bioactive molecules in near real-time/real-time are also described. 1. A biomodule comprising:(a) an array of fluidic containers, wherein the fluidic container comprises: a biomarker, a biomarker binder and a biological fluid in each fluidic container; wherein the biomarker binder is configured with a fluoropore;(b) an incident light source, directed at the array of fluidic containers to induce fluorescent emission;(c) an array of optical filters is configured to transmit the fluorescent emission;(d) an array of lenses is configured to couple the fluorescent emission in an array of optical waveguides;(e) an array of waveguides;(f) an optical switch; and(g) a device for detection of the fluorescent emission.2. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: the fluidic container configured with a nanostructure for enhancement of the fluorescent emission.3. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: the fluidic container configured with an optical antenna for enhancement of the fluorescent emission.4. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: a digital barcode.5. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: an optical barcode.6. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: an array of light sources.7. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: an array of optical fibers.8. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: a magnet.9. The biomodule in claim 1 , further comprises: a charge-coupled detector based spectrophotometer.10. A biomodule comprising:(a) an array of fluidic containers, wherein the fluidic container ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ANALYTES USING LARGE SCALE FET ARRAYS

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis. 1. A chemical detection device , comprising:a substrate of a first semiconductor type;a column of chemical detection pixels, each chemical detection pixel including:a chemically-sensitive transistor formed in the substrate, each chemically-sensitive transistor having a first terminal and a second terminal; anda first switch formed in the substrate; and a first operational amplifier formed in the substrate coupled to a supply voltage, the first operational amplifier having a first input and a first output, the first input being coupled to the first terminal of the chemically-sensitive transistor of each chemical detection pixel of the column via the first switch of the respective pixel;', 'a second operational amplifier formed in the substrate coupled to the supply voltage, the second operational amplifier having a second input and a second output, the second output coupled to the second terminal of the chemically-sensitive transistor of each chemical detection pixel of the column;', 'a first transistor having first and second terminals coupled to the first output and second input respectively; and', 'a ...

BIOSENSORS INTEGRATED WITH A MICROFLUIDIC STRUCTURE

A biosensor with a microfluidic structure surrounded by an electrode and methods of forming the electrode around the microfluidic structure of the biosensor are provided. A method includes forming a gate or electrode in a first layer. The method further includes forming a trench in a second layer. The method further includes forming a first metal layer in the trench such that the first metal layer is in electrical contact with the gate or the electrode. The method further includes forming a sacrificial material in the trench. The method further includes forming a second metal layer over the sacrificial material and in contact with the first metal layer. The method further includes removing the sacrificial material such that a microfluidic channel is formed surrounded by the first and the second metal layers. 1. A biosensor , comprising:a gate or electrode in a first layer;a trench in a second layer;a first metal layer in a first portion of the trench that is in electrical contact with the gate or the electrode; anda second metal layer formed over the first portion of the trench and that is in electrical contact with the first metal layer,wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer surround the first portion of the trench and form at least a portion of a microfluidic channel for the biosensor.2. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein:the first metal layer and the second metal layer are in electrical contact with the gate or the electrode in a first area of a wafer of the biosensor.3. The biosensor of claim 2 , further comprising:a second gate or electrode in the first layer;a second trench filled with a material in the second layer; anda third metal layer in a second portion of the trench that is in electrical contact with the second gate or the electrode.4. The biosensor of claim 3 , wherein the third metal layer is in electrical contact with the second gate or the electrode in a second area of a wafer of the biosensor.5. The biosensor of claim 4 , wherein ...

SENSING PLATFORM FOR QUANTUM TRANSDUCTION OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION

A system for determining chemistry of a molecule in a high background interfering liquid environment by application of an electronic signal at a biased metal-electrolyte interface is disclosed. One or more of a resonant exchange of energy between one or more electrons exchanged by the metal and the electrolyte and vibrating bonds of a molecular analyte, for example, may be sensed by measuring small signal conductivity of an electrochemical interface. 1. A system for sensing chemical information , the system comprising: a sample acquisition zone;', 'a filtration module operatively coupled to the sample acquisition zone;', 'an immunoseparation module operatively coupled to the filtration module;', 'a tapered micro-chromatogram operatively coupled to the immunoseparation module; and', 'an adsorption pad operatively coupled to the tapered micro-chromatogram; and, 'a fluidic system, comprising a transducing electrode array comprising dielectric thin films deposited on an electrode array; and', 'processing logic operatively coupled to the transducing electrode array., 'a quantum tunneling biosensor interface operatively coupled to the adsorption pad, the quantum tunneling biosensor interface comprising2. A system , comprising:a quantum tunneling biosensor interface;a transducing electrode array comprising dielectric thin films, the dielectric thin films being layered on a metal electrode array, the metal electrode array being mounted on a silicon die; andprocessing logic operatively coupled to the transducing electrode array.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the processing logic is operatively coupled to the transducing electrode array by through-silicon vias in the silicon die.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a modular fluidic system claim 2 , comprising:a sample acquisition zone;a coarse filtration module operatively coupled to the sample acquisition zone;an immunoseparation module operatively coupled to the coarse filtration module;a tapered micro- ...

RELIABLE NANOFET BIOSENSOR PROCESS WITH HIGH-K DIELECTRIC

Provided are semiconductor field effect sensors including a high-k thin film gate dielectric. The semiconductor field effect sensors described herein exhibit high detection sensitivity and enhanced reliability when placed in contact with liquids. Also disclosed are semiconductor field effect sensors having optimized fluid gate electrode voltages and/or back gate electrode voltages for improved detection sensitivity. 2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is electrically stable when the fluid is in contact with the sensing region for a period greater than 1 minute claim 1 , a period greater than 30 minutes claim 1 , a period greater than 1 day claim 1 , a period greater than 1 week claim 1 , or a period greater than 1 month or a period greater than 10 months.3. The sensor of or claim 1 , wherein a leakage current between the source region and the back gate claim 1 , between the drain region and the back gate or between the channel region and the back gate is insufficient to permanently damage the sensor.4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein a leakage current between the source region and the fluid claim 1 , between the drain region and the fluid or between the channel region and the fluid is insufficient to permanently damage the sensor.5. The sensor of claim 3 , wherein the leakage current is smaller than 1 μA claim 3 , smaller than 0.1 μA claim 3 , or selected over the range of 1 μA to 0.01 μA.6. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the high-k dielectric layer has a thickness selected over the range of 0.1 nm-10 μm.7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the high-k dielectric layer is deposited over the channel region using atomic layer deposition.8. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the high-k dielectric is selected from the group consisting of AlO claim 1 , HfO claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , HfSiO claim 1 , ZrSiOand any combination of these.98. The sensor of any of claim 1 , wherein the sensing region further comprises a metal layer positioned over at least a portion of the ...

Optical biomodule for detection of diseases at an early onset

An optical biomodule for detecting a disease specific biomarker, utilizing an enhanced fluorescence emission (due to integration of one or more three-dimensional (3-D) protruded structures) in a fluidic container, upon chemical binding of a disease specific biomarker binder with its corresponding disease specific biomarker is disclosed. The three-dimensional (3-D) protruded structure can be coupled with a photonic crystal/metamaterial/metamaterial of Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) of a suitable wavelength range. Furthermore, an enhanced fluorescence emission can be modulated by a synthetic Cas13 protein chemically coupled with a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and a quenched fluorescent reporter. Alternatively, a suitable synthetic substitute of a synthetic Cas13 protein chemically coupled with a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) containing a targeting sequence can also be utilized. 126-. (canceled)27. An optical biomodule comprises: wherein a substrate of the fluidic container comprises one or more materials,', 'wherein the fluidic container comprises a biomarker binder to bind with a biomarker,', 'wherein the biomarker binder comprises a first segment of the biomarker binder, and a second segment of the biomarker binder,', 'wherein the first segment of the biomarker binder is coupled with a first fluorophore,', 'wherein the second segment of the biomarker binder is coupled with a second fluorophore,', 'wherein a distance between the first fluorophore, and the second fluorophore is between 1 nanometer, and 200 nanometers,', 'wherein the first segment of the biomarker binder is chemically coupled with a first section of the biomarker,', 'wherein the second segment of the biomarker binder is chemically coupled with a second section of the biomarker,', 'wherein the fluidic container comprises a plurality of three-dimensional (3-D) protruded structures,', 'wherein the three-dimensional (3-D) protruded structures are spaced, or arranged in a one-dimensional (1-D) array, or in a two-dimensional (2-D) ...

FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR FOR SENSING TARGET MOLECULES

A field-effect transistor for sensing target molecules, the field-effect transistor comprising: a substrate; an electric field sensitive layer on the substrate; a hexagonal boron nitride layer comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface of the hexagonal boron nitride layer is on the electric field sensitive layer and wherein the second surface of the hexagonal boron nitride layer is functionalized with a plurality of receptor molecules; two or more electrical contacts wherein each of the electrical contacts are in electrical contact with the electric field sensitive layer. 1. A field-effect transistor for sensing target molecules , the field-effect transistor comprising:a substrate;an electric field sensitive layer on the substrate; 'wherein the first surface of the hexagonal boron nitride layer is on the electric field sensitive layer and wherein the second surface of the hexagonal boron nitride layer is functionalized with a plurality of receptor molecules;', 'a hexagonal boron nitride layer comprising a first surface and a second surface,'}two or more electrical contacts wherein each of the electrical contacts are in electrical contact with the electric field sensitive layer.2. The field-effect transistor of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of receptor molecules has a binding affinity for the target molecules claim 1 , and wherein upon interaction between a receptor molecule and a target molecule an electric field is generated thereby gating the electric field sensitive layer.3. The field-effect transistor of claim 2 , wherein the target molecules are charged and wherein upon interaction between the receptor molecule and the target molecule the target molecule becomes bound to the receptor molecule and the change in net charge generates the electric field.4. The field-effect transistor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of receptor molecules is attached to the hexagonal boron nitride layer using linker molecules.5. The field- ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT OF A POLYNUCLEOTIDE THROUGH A TRANSMEMBRANE PORE

The invention relates to new methods of controlling the movement of polynucleotides through transmembrane pores. The invention also relates to new methods of characterising target polynucleotides using helicases. 1. A method for controlling the movement of a polynucleotide through a transmembrane pore , comprising:(a) providing the polynucleotide with one or more helicases attached to the polynucleotide and one or more molecular brakes attached to the polynucleotide;(b) contacting the polynucleotide provided in step (a) with the pore; and(c) applying a potential across the pore such that the one or more helicases and the one or more molecular brakes are brought together and both control the movement of the polynucleotide through the pore.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more molecular brakes comprise (a) one or more compounds which bind to the polynucleotide and/or (b) one or more proteins which bind to the polynucleotide.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the one or more compounds are one or more macrocycles.4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the one or more macrocycles are one or more of cyclodextrins claim 3 , calixarenes claim 3 , cyclic peptides claim 3 , crown ethers claim 3 , cucurbiturils claim 3 , pillararenes claim 3 , derivatives thereof or a combination thereof.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein (i) the one or more molecular brakes are not one or more single stranded binding proteins (SSB); and/or (ii) the one or more molecular brakes are derived from one or more polynucleotide handling enzymes.6. (canceled)7. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the one or more polynucleotide handling enzymes are one or more polymerases claim 5 , exonucleases claim 5 , helicases claim 5 , topoisomerases or a combination thereof.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more molecular brakes are derived from one or more helicases.9. A method according to claim 8 , wherein the one or more molecular brakes derived ...

METHOD FOR TREATING A SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A sensor array includes a plurality of sensors. A sensor of the plurality of sensors has a sensor pad exposed at a surface of the sensor array. A method of treating the sensor array includes exposing at least the sensor pad to a wash solution including sulfonic acid and an organic solvent and rinsing the wash solution from the sensor pad. 1. A method of treating a sensor array , the sensor array including a plurality of sensors , a sensor of the plurality of sensors having a sensor pad exposed at a surface of the sensor array , the method comprising:exposing at least the sensor pad to a wash solution including acid and an organic solvent; andrinsing the wash solution from the sensor pad.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid includes sulfonic acid.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sulfonic acid includes alkyl sulfonic acid claim 2 , alkyl aryl sulfonic acid claim 2 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the alkyl aryl sulfonic acid includes an alkyl group having between 1 and 20 carbons.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alkyl group has between 9 and 18 carbons.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the alkyl group has between 10 and 14 carbons.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alkyl group has between 1 and 6 carbons.8. The method of any one of - and - claim 4 , wherein the sulfonic acid includes methanesulfonic acid claim 4 , ethanesulfonic acid claim 4 , propane sulfonic acid claim 4 , butane sulfonic acid claim 4 , or combinations thereof.9. The method of any one of - and - claim 4 , wherein the sulfonic acid includes dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid.10. The method of any one of - and - claim 4 , wherein the sulfonic acid includes para toluene sulfonic acid.11. The method of any one of - and - claim 4 , wherein the wash solution includes between 10 mM and 500 mM of the acid.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the wash solution includes between 50 mM and 250 mM of the acid.13. The method of any one of - and - claim 11 , wherein ...

BIOSENSOR ELECTRODE HAVING THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURED SENSING SURFACES

Embodiments of the invention include a method of using a sensor. The method includes accessing a sample and exposing the sample to the sensor. The sensor includes a sensing circuit having with a field effect transistor (FET) having a gate structure. A cavity is formed in a fill material that is over the gate structure. A probe of the sensor is within a portion of the cavity. An upper region of the probe is above a top surface of the fill material, and a lower region of the probe is below the top surface of the fill material. The probe structure includes a 3D sensing surface structure, and a liner is formed on the 3D sensing surface and configured to function as a recognition element. A portion of the liner is on the lower region of the probe and positioned between sidewalls of the cavity and the 3D sensing surface. 1. A method of using a sensor , the method comprising:accessing a sample; andexposing the sample to a sensor; a sensing circuit comprising a field effect transistor (FET) having a gate structure;', 'a fill material deposited over the FET;', 'a first cavity formed in the fill material and over the gate structure;', 'a first probe within a portion of the first cavity and communicatively coupled to the sensing circuit and the gate structure;', 'where an upper region of the first probe is above a top surface of the fill material;', 'where a lower region of the first probe is below the top surface of the fill material;', 'where the first probe structure comprises a three-dimensional (3D) sensing surface structure; and', 'a first liner formed on the first 3D sensing surface and configured to function as a first recognition element;', 'where the first liner is on the upper region and the lower region of the first probe; and', 'where the portion of the first liner that is on the lower region of the first probe is positioned between sidewalls of the first cavity and the first 3D sensing surface;, 'where the sensor comprisesbased at least in part on the first 3D ...

HANDHELD SENSOR FOR RAPID, SENSITIVE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SARS-CoV-2 FROM SALIVA

Various examples are provided for disposable medical sensors that can be used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen, cardiac troponin I, or other biosensing applications. In one example, a medical sensing system includes single-use disposable test strip comprising a functionalized sensing area configured to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen and a portable sensing and readout device including pulse generation circuitry that can generate synchronized gate and drain pulses for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in biological samples. In another example, a method includes providing a saliva sample to a functionalized sensing area configured to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen, generating synchronized gate and drain pulses for a transistor, the gate pulse provided via electrodes of the functionalized sensing area, and sensing an output of the transistor that is a function of a concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in the sample. 1. A medical sensing system , comprising:a single-use disposable test strip comprising a functionalized sensing area disposed between first and second electrodes, the functionalized sensing area configured to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen; and pulse generation circuitry configured to generate synchronized gate and drain pulses, the first electrode of the disposable test strip electrically coupled to a gate pulse output of the pulse generation circuitry; and', 'a transistor having a drain electrically controlled by a drain pulse output of the pulse generation circuitry, and a gate electrically coupled to the second electrode of the disposable test strip., 'a portable sensing and readout device comprising2. The medical sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized sensing area is functionalized with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody.3. The medical sensing system of claim 2 , wherein the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody is bound to a gold (Au) sensing area surface.4. The medical sensing system of claim 3 , wherein the Au sensing area surface is treated with thio- ...

Grid Coatings for Capture of Proteins and Other Compounds

Grids comprising a coating modified with one or more capture agents and a deactivating agent are disclosed. Methods of using such grids in connection with suitable microscopy techniques, such as for determining the structure of target compounds including proteins, are also disclosed. 1. A grid for elucidating high-resolution structure of target proteins comprising a coating modified with one or more capture agents and further comprising a deactivating agent.2. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises a plurality of micro-porous or nano-porous graphene based sheets including graphene or graphene oxide.3. (canceled)4. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the coating is comprised of a low-Z atomic thin film.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the coating is an organic membrane.11. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the coating is an aerogel selected from a group of carbon aerogel claim 1 , metal oxide aerogel and the combination thereof.12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the coating is a zeolite.15. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the coating is a monolayer.16. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the coating is between about 0.1 nanometers and 100 microns claim 1 , between about 0.1 nanometers and 100 nanometers claim 1 , between about 0.1 nanometers and 10 nanometers claim 1 , between about 0.1 nanometers and 2 nanometers claim 1 , or between about 0.1 nanometers and 1 nanometer thick.17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. The grid of claim 1 , wherein the capture agent is tris (nitiloacetic acid). glutathione claim 1 , biotin claim 1 , avidin claim 1 , streptavidin claim 1 , NeutrAvidin claim 1 , CaptAvidin claim 1 , an antibody claim 1 , an antibody fragment claim 1 , Protein A claim 1 , Protein G claim 1 , Protein L claim 1 , an anti-HA antibody claim 1 , an anti-Myc antibody claim 1 , an anti-FLAG antibody claim 1 , an anti-V5 antibody claim 1 , maltose claim 1 , ...

BIO-SENSOR PIXEL CIRCUIT WITH AMPLIFICATION

A pixel circuit acts as a sensing element in a sensing device. The pixel circuit includes a sensing electrode, a first gate electrically connected to the sensing electrode, a second gate in electrical communication with the first gate, and a readout device that is electrically connected to the second gate. An input voltage applied to the sensing electrode is amplified between the first gate and the second gate, the amplification being measured as an output signal from the readout device to perform a sensing operation. For example, the output signal may be relatable to pH, analyte measurements, or other properties of sample liquids analyzed by the sensing device. A sensing device may include multiple pixels disposed on a substrate, each pixel including said pixel circuit. Driver circuits controlled by control electronics are configured to generate signals that selectively address the pixels and to read out voltages at the sensing electrodes. 1. A method of driving a pixel array sensing device comprising a plurality of pixels;each pixel in the pixel array acting as a sensing element in the sensing device, and each pixel including a pixel circuit comprising: a sensing electrode; a first gate electrically connected to the sensing electrode; a second gate in electrical communication with the first gate via an active region; and a readout device that is electrically connected to the second gate;wherein the sensing electrode, first gate, second gate, and readout device are integrated onto a common substrate;the driving method comprising the steps of:biasing each pixel circuit with a constant input current source;applying timing signals to one or more row selection elements to selectively address one or more of the pixel circuits;perturbing an input voltage to the sensor element in each of the addressed pixel circuits, wherein the input voltage applied to the sensing electrode is amplified between the first gate and the second gate in each of the addressed pixel circuits; ...

Semiconductor Device for Determining a Biomolecule Characteristic

A semiconductor device includes a circuit layer and a nanopore layer. The nanopore layer is formed on the circuit layer and is formed with a pore therethrough. The circuit layer includes a circuit unit configured to drive a biomolecule through the pore and to detect a current associated with a resistance of the nanopore layer, whereby a characteristic of the biomolecule can be determined using the currents detected by the circuit unit.

DEBYE LENGTH MODULATION

Systems and methods for detection of biological agents are generally described. Target biological agents may be detected by use of a sensor, which in some situations is a nanowire. An external electric field is applied in some embodiments to induce an electric dipole. The induced electric dipole is detected, allowing detection of the biological agent. 1. A device for sensing a chemical and/or biological analyte , comprising:a nanosensor, wherein at least a portion of the nanosensor is functionalized with a chemical and/or biological detector species; anda source of an alternating electric field, wherein the source is configured such that the electric field produced by the source is incident upon the nanosensor.219-. (canceled)20. A method of sensing a chemical and/or biological analyte , comprising:applying an alternating electric field to a nanosensor functionalized with a chemical and/or biological detector species such that the Debye length of an analyte associated with the chemical and/or biological detector species is altered.2124-. (canceled)25. A method of sensing a chemical and/or biological analyte , comprising:applying an alternating electric field to a nanosensor functionalized with a chemical and/or biological detector species in the presence of a sample comprising an analyte;applying an electrical potential across the nanosensor;collecting a first set of data, based on the applied electrical potential, at points in time at which the alternating electric field is at a first power to provide a background signal; andcollecting a second set of data, based on the applied electrical potential, at points in time at which the alternating electric field is at a second power that is different from the first power to provide a signal indicative of a property of the analyte, the detector species, and/or an interaction between the analyte and the detector species.2632-. (canceled)33. A method of sensing a chemical and/or biological analyte , comprising:applying an ...

BIOSENSOR BASED ON HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR

In one example, a sensor includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor and component sensing surface coupled to the heterojunction bipolar transistor via an extended base component. In another example, a biosensor for detecting a target analyte includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor and a sensing surface. The heterojunction bipolar transistor includes a semiconductor emitter including an emitter electrode for connecting to an emitter voltage, a semiconductor collector including a collector electrode for connecting to a collector voltage, and a semiconductor base positioned between the semiconductor emitter and the semiconductor collector. The sensing surface is coupled to the semiconductor base of the heterojunction bipolar transistor via an extended base component and includes a conducting film and a reference electrode. 1. A sensor , comprising: a semiconductor collector including a collector electrode for connecting to a collector voltage;', 'a semiconductor base disposed on the semiconductor collector, wherein the semiconductor base is formed from a first semiconductor material; and', 'a semiconductor emitter disposed on the semiconductor base and including an emitter electrode for connecting to an emitter voltage, wherein the semiconductor emitter is formed from a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material;, 'a heterojunction bipolar transistor, comprisinga sensing surface; andan extended base component connecting the semiconductor base to the sensing surface.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first semiconductor material is silicon germanium.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second semiconductor material is polysilicon.4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second semiconductor material is gallium arsenide.5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing surface comprises:a conducting film; anda reference electrode.6. The sensor of claim 5 , wherein the conducting film has a thickness of greater than one hundred ...

BINDING PROBE CIRCUITS FOR MOLECULAR SENSORS

In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and a binding probe molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the binding probe. In various examples, the binding probe is an antibody, the Fab domain of an antibody, a protein, a nucleic acid oligomer hybridization probe, or an aptamer. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the binding probe to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as targets interact with the binding probe. In various embodiments, the circuit provides a means to measure the presence, absence, or concentration of an analyte in a solution. 1a first electrode;a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode;a binding probe electrically connected to both the first and second electrodes to form a conductive pathway between the first and second electrodes; andat least one arm molecule having first and second ends, the first end bonded to the binding probe and the second end bonded to the first electrode,wherein the at least one arm molecule acts as an electrical wire between the binding probe and the first electrode.. A circuit comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/015,049 filed on Jun. 21, 2018, entitled “Binding Probe Circuits for Molecular Sensors,” which is a continuation of PCT Application No. PCT/US18/29393, filed on Apr. 25, 2018 entitled “Binding Probe Circuits for Molecular Sensors.” PCT Application No. PCT/US18/29393 claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/503,812 filed May 9, 2017 and entitled “Binding Probe Circuits for Molecular Sensors,” the disclosures ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION OF PROTEASES USING AC VOLTAMMETRY ON NANOELECTRODE ARRAYS

An electrochemical method for measuring the activity of enzymes using nanoelectrode arrays fabricated with vertically aligned carbon nanofibers. Short peptide substrates specific to disease-related enzymes are covalently attached to the exposed nanofiber tips. A redox moiety, such as ferrocene, can be linked at the distal end of the nanofibers. Contact of the arrays with a biological sample containing one or more target enzymes results in cleavage of the peptides and changes the redox signal of the redox moiety indicating the presence of the target enzymes. 1. A nanoelectrode array comprising a substrate having a plurality of carbon nanofibers extending vertically therefrom , said array being capable of detecting the presence of one or more enzymes present within a biological sample.2. The array according to claim 1 , wherein said nanofibers comprise a proximal end that is attached to said substrate and a distal end that is spaced from said substrate.3. The array according to claim 2 , wherein said nanofibers are encapsulated claim 2 , except for at least one of said distal ends claim 2 , within a matrix of an insulative material.4. The array according to claim 3 , wherein said insulative material comprises silicon dioxide.5. The array according to claim 2 , wherein said distal end of at least one of said nanofibers comprises a peptide or peptide residue covalently attached thereto.6. The array according to claim 5 , wherein said peptide or peptide residue is capable of being cleaved by a protease enzyme that is expressed by a cancer-causing cell.7. The array according to claim 6 , wherein said peptide is a tetrapeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala-Asn-Leu (SEQ ID NO:1) claim 6 , Leu-Arg-Phe-Gly (SEQ ID NO:2) claim 6 , and Pro-Leu-Ser-Leu (SEQ ID NO:3).8. The array according to claim 5 , wherein said peptide or peptide residue is a ferrocenyl peptide or peptide residue.9. The array according to claim 5 , wherein said peptide or peptide residue is ...

Backside CMOS Compatible BioFET With No Plasma Induced Damage

The present disclosure provides a bio-field effect transistor (BioFET) device and methods of fabricating a BioFET and a BioFET device. The method includes forming a BioFET using one or more process steps compatible with or typical to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The BioFET device includes a gate structure disposed on a first surface of a substrate and an interface layer formed on a second surface of the substrate. The substrate is thinned from the second surface to expose a channel region before forming the interface layer. 1. A device , comprising:a first BioFET device, the first BioFET device including:a gate structure on a first side of a semiconductor substrate;a source region and a drain region in the semiconductor substrate adjacent to the gate structure;a channel region interposing the source and drain regions and underlying the gate structure;a sensing film directly on and covering at least a portion of the channel region on a second side of the semiconductor substrate; anda microfluidic channel or microfluidic well disposed over the sensing film.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon containing substrate.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the microfluidic channel is bonded to the second side of the semiconductor substrate.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a multi-layer interconnect structure formed on the first side of the semiconductor substrate.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing film is selected from the group consisting of HfO claim 1 , TaO claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Au claim 1 , W claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , oxides of such metals claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , SiN claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , TiN claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , and SnO.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing film extends over and covers a portion of the second side of the semiconductor substrate.7. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an intrinsic dielectric ...

INTEGRATED SENSOR ARRAYS FOR BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

The invention is directed to apparatus and chips comprising a large scale chemical field effect transistor arrays that include an array of sample-retaining regions capable of retaining a chemical or biological sample from a sample fluid for analysis. In one aspect such transistor arrays have a pitch of 10 μm or less and each sample-retaining region is positioned on at least one chemical field effect transistor which is configured to generate at least one output signal related to a characteristic of a chemical or biological sample in such sample-retaining region. In one embodiment, the characteristic of said chemical or biological sample is a concentration of a charged species and wherein each of said chemical field effect transistors is an ion-sensitive field effect transistor having a floating gate with a dielectric layer on a surface thereof, the dielectric layer contacting said sample fluid and being capable of accumulating charge in proportion to a concentration of the charged species in said sample fluid. In one embodiment such charged species is a hydrogen ion such that the sensors measure changes in pH of the sample fluid in or adjacent to the sample-retaining region thereof. Apparatus and chips of the invention may be adapted for large scale pH-based DNA sequencing and other bioscience and biomedical applications. 1. An apparatus comprising a chemical field effect transistor array in a circuit-supporting substrate, such transistor array having disposed on its surface an array of sample-retaining regions capable of retaining a chemical or biological sample from a sample fluid, wherein such transistor array has a pitch of 10 .mu.m or less and each sample-retaining region is positioned on at least one chemical field effect transistor which is configured to generate at least one output signal related to a characteristic of a chemical or biological sample in such sample-retaining region. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/ ...

Sensor arrays and methods for making same

A system includes a sensor including a sensor pad and includes a well wall structure defining a well operatively connected to the sensor pad. The sensor pad is associated with a lower surface of the well. The well wall structure defines an upper surface and a wall surface extending between the upper surface and the lower surface. The upper surface is defined by an upper buffer material having an intrinsic buffer capacity of at least 2×10 17 groups/m 2 . The wall surface is defined by a wall material having an intrinsic buffer capacity of not greater than 1.7×10 17 groups/m 2 .

Systems And Methods For Electronic Detection With Nanofets

There is disclosed a system for electrical charge detection comprising a nanoFET device. Also disclosed is a method of electrical charge detection for single molecule sequencing. The method includes attaching a macromolecule or assemblies thereof to a gate of a nanoFET device and flowing in a solution of charge tags, where a charge tag includes a nucleotide attached to a charge complex. The method also includes incorporating one charge tag into the macromolecule or assemblies thereof and cleaving the charge tags from the macromolecule or assemblies thereof. The method further includes detecting at least one of current and voltage from the nanoFET device. 130.-. (canceled)31. A method of detecting a target protein , the method comprising:attaching a first antibody to a surface of a device, the device having at least one nanoFET disposed in a well, the nanoFET having a source, a drain, and a gate, the first antibody disposed over the gate;applying a sample including the target protein to the device;applying a second antibody to the device, the second antibody having a charge label, the target protein and the second antibody attaching to the first antibody to form an antibody assembly; anddetecting with the nanoFET the presence of the antibody assembly.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the target protein and the second antibody bind before the protein binds with the first antibody.33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the target protein and the second antibody bind after the protein binds with the first antibody.34. The method of claim 31 , wherein the device further includes two charge electrodes claim 31 , the method further comprising applying a DC voltage to the charge electrodes to push the second antibody toward the nanoFET.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the DC voltage is in a range of 0.1 V/cm to 100 V/cm.36. The method of claim 31 , wherein the device further includes two charge electrodes claim 31 , the method further comprising applying a AC voltage ...

BIOSENSORS INCLUDING SURFACE RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

A sensor including a surface plasmon resonance detector with a reservoir for containing a liquid sample. The sensor further includes a sensing metallic film positioned within the reservoir so that at least a majority of a surface of the sensing metallic film is to be in contact with the liquid sample being housed within the reservoir. The sensory also includes a semiconductor device having a contact in electrical communication with the sensing metal containing film that is positioned within the reservoir. The semiconductor device measures the net charges of molecules within the liquid sample within a Debye length from the sensing metallic film. 1. A sensor comprising:a surface plasmon resonance detector with a reservoir for containing a liquid sample, and a sensing metallic film positioned within the reservoir so that at least a majority of a surface of the sensing metallic film is within the reservoir; anda semiconductor device having a contact in electrical communication with the sensing metal containing film that is positioned within the reservoir, wherein the semiconductor device measures the net charges of molecules within the liquid sample within a Debye length from the sensing metallic film.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor device is a field effect transistor (FET) claim 1 , and the contact of the semiconductor device that is in electrical communication with the sensing metal containing film is a gate structure to the FET.3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the gate structure is in contact with a channel region of a substrate containing the field effect transistor claim 2 , wherein a source region and a drain region are on opposing sides of the channel region.4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor device is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) claim 1 , and the contact of the semiconductor device is a contact to a base region of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT).5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing metallic film ...

BIO-SENSOR PIXEL CIRCUIT WITH AMPLIFICATION

A pixel circuit acts as a sensing element in a sensing device. The pixel circuit includes a sensing electrode, a first gate electrically connected to the sensing electrode, a second gate in electrical communication with the first gate, and a readout device that is electrically connected to the second gate. An input voltage applied to the sensing electrode is amplified between the first gate and the second gate, the amplification being measured as an output signal from the readout device to perform a sensing operation. For example, the output signal may be relatable to pH, analyte measurements, or other properties of sample liquids analyzed by the sensing device. A sensing device may include multiple pixels disposed on a substrate, each pixel including said pixel circuit. Driver circuits controlled by control electronics are configured to generate signals that selectively address the pixels and to read out voltages at the sensing electrodes. 1. A pixel circuit that acts as a sensing element in a sensing device , the pixel circuit comprising:a sensing electrode;a first gate electrically connected to the sensing electrode;a second gate in electrical communication with the first gate via an active region; anda readout device that is electrically connected to the second gate;wherein an input voltage applied to the sensing electrode is amplified between the first gate and the second gate, the amplification being measured as an output signal from the readout device to perform a sensing operation.2. The pixel circuit of claim 1 , wherein the active region is connected to an active region drain and an active region source to form a transistor comprising a channel between the first gate and the second gate.3. The pixel circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first gate is connected to the sensing electrode by a via connection through an insulating layer and a passivation surface.4. The pixel circuit of claim 1 , wherein a physical area of the sensing electrode is larger than a ...

Integrated sensor arrays for biological and chemical analysis

An apparatus comprising a chemical field effect transistor array in a circuit-supporting substrate is disclosed. The transistor array has disposed on its surface an array of sample-retaining regions capable of retaining a chemical or biological sample from a sample fluid. The transistor array has a pitch of 10 μm or less and a sample-retaining region is positioned on at least one chemical field effect transistor which is configured to generate at least one output signal related to a characteristic of a chemical or biological sample in such sample-retaining region.

THIN BODY FET NANOPORE SENSOR FOR SENSING AND SCREENING BIOMOLECULES

A thin body field effect transistor (FET) nanopore sensor includes a silicon on insulator (SOI) structure having an annular shape and comprising a source, a drain and a thin body channel interposed therebetween. A nanopore is formed in a central opening of the SOI structure. A gate dielectric is disposed on the SOI structure insulating the SOI structure from a liquid gate within the nanopore. A back gate is formed around the SOI structure. A shallow trench isolation (STI) layer is formed between the SOI structure and the back gate. 1. A thin body field effect transistor (FET) nanopore sensor , comprising:a silicon on insulator (SOI) structure having an annular shape and comprising a source, a drain and a thin body channel interposed therebetween;a nanopore formed in a central opening of the SOI structure;a gate dielectric disposed on the SOI structure insulating the SOI structure from a liquid gate within the nanopore;a back gate formed around the SOI structure; anda shallow trench isolation (STI) layer formed between the SOI structure and the back gate.2. The FET nanopore sensor of claim 1 , additionally comprising a cavity formed below the liquid gate for receiving biomolecules and solution that pass through the micropore.3. The FET nanopore sensor of claim 1 , wherein the cavity comprises:an oxide layer of the SOI structure formed below the gate and STI layer;a semiconductor layer of the SOI structure formed below the oxide layer; anda nitride layer formed below the SOI structure,wherein the oxide layer, the semiconductor layer, and the nitride layer each have an annular shape with a relatively large central opening and the openings of the oxide layer, the semiconductor layer, and the nitride layer together form the cavity.4. The FET nanopore sensor of claim 3 , wherein the oxide layer includes silicon dioxide claim 3 , the semiconductor layer includes silicon claim 3 , and the nitride layer includes silicon nitride.5. The FET nanopore sensor of claim 1 , wherein ...

Partially Neutral Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide

The present invention relates to a detection unit comprising a solid surface and a partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide comprising a first portion. The first portion is attached to the solid surface; the length of the first portion is about 50% of the total length of the partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide; and the first portion comprises at least one neutral nucleotide and at least one unmodified nucleotide. The invention improves the detection sensitivity and accuracy of the detection of biomolecules. 1. A partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide comprising at least one electrically neutral nucleotide and at least one negatively charged nucleotide.2. The partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically neutral nucleotide comprises a phosphate group substituted by a C-Calkyl group.3. The partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide according to claim 1 , wherein the negatively charged nucleotide comprises an unsubstituted phosphate group.4. The partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide according to claim 1 , which comprises a plurality of the electrically neutral nucleotides claim 1 , and at least one negatively charged nucleotide is positioned between two of the electrically neutral nucleotides.5. A detection unit comprising the partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide according to .6. The detection unit according to claim 5 , which further comprises a solid surface; and the partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide is attached on or located near the solid surface.7. The detection unit according to claim 6 , wherein the partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide comprises a first portion attached to the solid surface; the length of the first portion is about 50% of the total length of the partially neutral single-stranded oligonucleotide; and the first portion comprises at least one electrically neutral nucleotide and at least one negatively ...

MOLECULAR SENSOR BASED ON VIRTUAL BURIED NANOWIRE

The present invention provides a method and a system based on a multi-gate field effect transistor for sensing molecules in a gas or liquid sample. The said FET transistor comprises dual gate lateral electrodes (and optionally a back gate electrode) located on the two sides of an active region, and a sensing surface on top of the said active region. Applying voltages to the lateral gate electrodes, creates a conductive channel in the active region, wherein the width and the lateral position of the said channel can be controlled. Enhanced sensing sensitivity is achieved by measuring the channels conductivity at a plurality of positions in the lateral direction. The use of an array of the said FTE for electronic nose is also disclosed. 1. A system for sensing at least one type of molecules in a gas or liquid sample , comprising: 1) a piece of semiconductor with a first region extending between a source region and a drain region, and left and right lateral regions extending along the first region on different sides;', '2) left and right lateral gate electrodes that respectively produce an electric field in the left and right lateral regions, creating a conducting channel in the first region when appropriate voltages are applied to them, a position of the conducting channel depending on the applied voltages;', '3) a sensing surface adjacent to the first region, that molecules of the at least one type adhere to when the sensing surface is exposed to the molecules, the conductivity of the conducting channel being measurably affected by a local concentration of the adhering molecules near the position of the conducting channel; and, 'a) at least one multi-gate field effect transistor, comprisingb) a controller adapted to successively apply different voltages to the lateral gate electrodes of the transistor, and move the conducting channel to a plurality of different positions, and at each position to measure its conductivity and determine a local concentration of the ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, pH SENSOR, BIOSENSOR AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

Provided is a semiconductor device A including: a first electrode ; a second electrode ; a semiconductor layer in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode ; and a protective layer configured to cover at least a part of a surface of the semiconductor layer , wherein the protective layer includes a spinel oxide. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a semiconductor layer in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode; anda protective layer configured to cover at least a part of a surface of the semiconductor layer, whereinthe protective layer includes a spinel oxide.2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , wherein the spinel oxide includes zinc (Zn) and gallium (Ga).3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , wherein the spinel oxide is ZnGaO.4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor layer is an oxide including In claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , and Zn.5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor layer is InGaZnO.6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '21', 'a hydrogen content of the protective layer is equal to or less than 1×10atm/cc.'}7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , whereinthe protective layer has a passivation function.8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , whereina film thickness of the protective layer is equal to or more than 40 nm.9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , further comprising a substrate.10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9 , whereinthe substrate is one kind selected from the group consisting of glass, resin, silicon, and combinations of glass, resin, and silicon.11. The semiconductor device according to claim 9 , whereinthe substrate has flexibility.12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 , further comprising:an insulating layer in contact with the semiconductor layer; anda third electrode provided to face the ...

DNA Methylation Detection

The present invention relates to a method for detecting methylation of a target oligonucleotide molecule. The method comprises obtaining an electrical change occurring due to the binding of an electrically charged methylation detecting molecule and the target oligonucleotide molecule; wherein the electrically charged methylation detecting molecule has affinity to a methylated cytosine nucleotide. The invention improves the detection sensitivity and accuracy of the oligonucleotide methylation detection. 1. A method for detecting methylation of a target oligonucleotide molecule , comprising obtaining an electrical change occurring due to the binding of an electrically charged methylation detecting molecule and the target oligonucleotide molecule; wherein the electrically charged methylation detecting molecule has affinity to a methylated cytosine nucleotide.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically charged methylation detecting molecule is selected from the group consisting of an anti-methylcytosine antibody claim 1 , a methyl binding domain protein and a restriction enzyme.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical change is a threshold voltage shift change.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the target oligonucleotide molecule has a target sequence with at least one methylated cytosine nucleotide claim 1 , and the method comprises:capturing a single strand of the target oligonucleotide molecule by a recognizing single-stranded oligonucleotide molecule to form a duplex according to base complementarity;providing the electrically charged methylation detecting molecule; andbinding the duplex with the electrically charged methylation detecting molecule and detecting the electrical change due to the binding.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the duplex formed by the single strand of the target oligonucleotide molecule and the recognizing single-stranded oligonucleotide molecule comprises a bulge and the methylated ...

BIOCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A method of nucleic acid sequencing. The method can include the steps of (a) providing a polymerase tethered to a solid support charge sensor; (b) providing one or more nucleotides, whereby the presence of the nucleotide can be detected by the charge sensor; and (c) detecting incorporation of the nucleotide into a nascent strand complementary to a template nucleic acid.

INTEGRATED BIOSENSOR

The present disclosure relates to an integrated chip having an integrated bio-sensor with horizontal and vertical sensing surfaces. In some embodiments, the integrated chip has a sensing device disposed within a substrate, and a lower metal wire over the substrate and electrically coupled to the sensing device. First and second metal vias are arranged on the lower metal wire at locations set back from sidewalls of the lower metal wire, and first and second upper metal wires respectively cover top surfaces of the first and second metal vias. A dielectric structure surrounds the lower metal wire, the first and second metal vias, and the first and second upper metal wires. A sensing well has sensing surfaces that extend along an upper surface of the lower metal wire and along sidewalls of the first and second metal vias and the first and second upper metal wires. 1. An integrated chip , comprising:a sensing device disposed within a substrate;a lower metal wire over the substrate and electrically coupled to the sensing device;first and second metal vias arranged on the lower metal wire at locations set back from sidewalls of the lower metal wire;first and second upper metal wires respectively covering top surfaces of the first and second metal vias;a dielectric structure surrounding the lower metal wire, the first and second metal vias, and the first and second upper metal wires; anda sensing well comprising sensing surfaces extending along an upper surface of the lower metal wire and along sidewalls of the first and second metal vias and the first and second upper metal wires.2. The integrated chip of claim 1 , wherein the first and second upper metal wires laterally extend past interior sidewalls of the first and second metal vias facing the sensing well.3. The integrated chip of claim 1 , wherein the first and second upper metal wires are electrically coupled to the first and second metal vias claim 1 , respectively.4. The integrated chip of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Detection Comprising Signal Amplifier

The present invention relates to a method for detecting a target molecule, comprising forming a capturing complex comprising the target molecule; and binding the capturing complex with a signal amplifier, wherein the capturing complex has a net electrical charge; the signal amplifier has affinity to the capturing complex and has a like net electrical charge of the net electrical charge of the capturing complex. The invention improves the detection sensitivity and sensing limit of the detection. 1. A method for detecting a target molecule , comprising forming a capturing complex comprising the target molecule; and binding the capturing complex with a signal amplifier , wherein the capturing complex has a net electrical charge; the signal amplifier has affinity to the capturing complex and has a like net electrical charge of the net electrical charge of the capturing complex.2. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises forming the capturing complex with a recognizing molecule which is able to capture the target molecule with affinity.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the capturing complex is attached on a solid surface or the capturing complex is spaced apart from the solid surface by a distance.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the solid surface is a transistor surface of a field-effect transistor (FET) or a metal surface of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR).5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the material of the solid surface is polycrystalline silicon or single crystalline silicon.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the signal amplifier is an oligonucleotide molecule.7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the signal amplifier is an oligonucleotide aptamer.8. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises monitoring an electrical change occurring due to the binding of the capturing complex and the signal amplifier.9. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the solid surface is coupled with an ...

METHOD FOR DETECTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BIOMARKER

A method for analyzing concentration of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker in a liquid sample includes: applying the liquid sample to a biosensor, the biosensor including a transistor having a drain, a source, and a gate terminal disposed between the gate and the source, and a reactive electrode spaced apart from the gate terminal of the transistor and having a receptor immobilized thereon for specific binding with the CVD biomarker, the liquid sample being in contact with the gate terminal and the reactive electrode; applying a voltage pulse between the reactive electrode and the source, the voltage pulse having a pulse width; monitoring a response current in response to the voltage pulse; and analyzing the response current. 1. A method for analyzing concentration of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker in a liquid sample , comprising:applying the liquid sample to a biosensor, the biosensor including a transistor having a drain, a source, and a gate terminal disposed between the gate and the source, and a reactive electrode spaced apart from the gate terminal of the transistor, the reactive electrode having a receptor immobilized thereon for specific binding with the CVD biomarker in the liquid sample, the liquid sample being in contact with the gate terminal of the transistor and the reactive electrode;applying a voltage pulse between the reactive electrode and the source of the transistor, the voltage pulse having a pulse width;monitoring a response current, which is produced in response to the voltage pulse, within the pulse width from the biosensor; andanalyzing the response current that is correlated to the concentration of the CVD biomarker in the liquid sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CVD biomarker is Troponin I.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CVD biomarker is NT-proBNP.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receptor includes an antibody.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receptor includes an aptamer.6. The method of claim ...

Nanogrid electrochemical sensor for detection of biochemical species by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Improved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy assays are provided by electrodepositing metallic nanoparticles onto the working electrode for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The metallic nanoparticles provide improved assay sensitivity. Electrodeposition of the metallic nanoparticles firmly affixes them to the working electrode, thereby making it easier to clean the working electrode from one assay to the next assay without undesirably removing the metallic nanoparticles. 1. A method of performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for detection of chemical species , the method comprising:providing a working electrode for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy;bonding metallic nanoparticles to the working electrode with an electrodeposition process;conjugating the metallic nanoparticles with at least one first receptor species;detecting at least one first target species according to impedance changes at the working electrode caused by binding of the first target species to the first receptor species.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conjugating the metallic nanoparticles with at least one first receptor species is performed after the bonding metallic nanoparticles to the working electrode with an electrodeposition process.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:cleaning the first receptor species from the metallic nanoparticles without removing the metallic nanoparticles from the working electrode;conjugating the metallic nanoparticles with at least one second receptor species;detecting at least one second target species according to impedance changes at the working electrode caused by binding of the second target species to the second receptor species.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conjugating the metallic nanoparticles with at least one receptor species is performed prior to the bonding metallic nanoparticles to the working electrode with an electrodeposition process.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode is ...

CHEMICALLY-SENSITIVE SENSOR ARRAY CALIBRATION CIRCUITRY

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis. 1. (canceled)2. An apparatus comprising:a fluidic system including a fluid delivery system configured to be in controllable flow communication with a flow cell; column output circuitry including a plurality of column output circuits coupled to each chemFET sensor output of corresponding columns of sensors in the array, wherein a column output circuit in the plurality includes a column sample and hold capacitor directly connected to an input node of the column output circuit; and', 'at least one switch to selectively connect an output of a sensor in the array to the column output circuit; and, 'a sensor device mounted in the flow cell, the sensor device comprising an array of chemical field effect transistor (chemFET) sensors arranged in rows and columns and sensor device circuitry includingan array controller configured to provide power and bias voltages, as well as control and timing signals to the sensor array device and output data acquired from the sensor array device.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein each chemFET sensor in the array of chemFET sensors includes a chemically-sensitive passivation ...

DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR ANLYSIS OF CELLS

A device for analysis of cells comprises: an active sensor area () presenting a surface for cell growth; a microelectrode array () comprising a plurality of pixels () in the active sensor area (), wherein each pixel () comprises at least one electrode () at the surface, wherein each pixel () is configured to control the configuration of the pixel circuitry and set a measurement modality of the pixel; recording circuitry having a plurality of recording channels (), wherein each pixel () is connected to a recording channel (), wherein each recording channel () comprises a reconfigurable component (), which is selectively controlled between being set to a first mode, in which the reconfigurable component () is configured to amplify a received pixel signal, and being set to a second mode, in which the reconfigurable component () is configured to selectively pass a frequency band of the received pixel signal. 1. A device for analysis of cells , said device comprising:an active sensor area presenting a surface for cell growth on the device;a microelectrode array comprising a plurality of pixels in the active sensor area, wherein each pixel comprises at least one electrode at the surface, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to form contact with cells for providing stimulating signals to cells and/or measuring electrical signals from cells, wherein each pixel further comprises pixel circuitry comprising at least one switch for setting a configuration of the pixel circuitry and wherein each pixel is configured to individually receive a control signal for controlling the configuration of the pixel circuitry and set a measurement modality of the pixel;recording circuitry having a plurality of recording channels, wherein each pixel is connected to a recording channel, the recording channel being configured to receive signals from the pixels in the active sensor area, andwherein each recording channel of the recording circuitry comprises a reconfigurable component, ...

SENSORS BASED ON NEGATIVE CAPACITANCE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

Chemical sensors and methods of forming and making the same include an input terminal and an output terminal. A negative capacitance structure is configured to control a current passing horizontally from the input terminal to the output terminal, and has a first and second metal layer that are arranged vertically with respect to one another, and a ferroelectric layer positioned between the first and second metal layers. An electrode is in electrical contact with the negative capacitance structure, and is configured to change potential, to exceed a threshold, thereby triggering a discontinuous polarization change in the negative capacitance structure. 1. A chemical sensor , comprising:an input terminal;an output terminal;a negative capacitance structure, configured to control a current passing horizontally from the input terminal to the output terminal, comprising a first and second metal layer that are arranged vertically with respect to one another, and a ferroelectric layer positioned between the first and second metal layers; andan electrode in electrical contact with the negative capacitance structure, configured to change potential, to exceed a threshold, thereby triggering a discontinuous polarization change in the negative capacitance structure.2. The chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric layer is formed from a polyvinylidene fluoride.3. The chemical sensor of claim 2 , wherein the ferroelectric layer is formed from P(VDF-TrFe claim 2 , PbZrTi).4. The chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the input and output terminals are a source and drain region of a field-effect transistor and wherein the ferroelectric layer acts as a gate for the field-effect transistor.5. The chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the input and output terminals are a collector and drain of a bipolar junction transistor and wherein the ferroelectric layer acts as a base for the bipolar junction transistor.6. The chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the polarization change ...

VIRUS BIORESISTORS

Provided herein are, inter alia, biosensors and electrochemical cells comprising electronically conductive polymers and viral particles; diagnostic kits; and methods of detecting compounds in samples. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:(a) a potentiostat electronically connecting a first electrode and a second electrode;(b) a first electronically conductive polymer between said first electrode and said second electrode; and (i) a whole viral particle comprising a recombinant viral surface receptor; and', '(ii) a second electronically conductive polymer., '(c) a viral composition layer above said electronically conductive polymer, the viral composition layer comprising2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said first electronically conductive polymer is poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate.3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said first electronically conductive polymer is a carbon polymer.4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first electronically conductive polymer has a resistance from about 0.5 kOhm to about 2.5 kOhm.5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are separated by a space of about 1.5 millimeters.6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said whole viral particle is embedded within said second electronically conductive polymer.7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrochemical cell comprises a plurality of said whole viral particles within said viral composition layer.8. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said viral composition layer is above said first electrode and said second electrode.9. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said second electronically conductive polymer comprises poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).10. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the whole virus particle is a M13 filamentous virus particle.11. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the ...

LOCALIZED DESALTING SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Example apparatus, systems and methods to desalt a sample are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a substrate and a sensor disposed on the substrate. The sensor has a surface functionalized with a binding agent to interact with an analyte in a liquid sample when the liquid sample is in contact with the sensor surface. The example apparatus further includes an electrode disposed on the substrate to create an electric potential and move ions in the sample away from the surface of the sensor. 1. An apparatus comprising:a substrate;a sensor coupled to the substrate, the sensor to detect an analyte in a sample; anda first electrode to create an electric potential and reposition ions in the sample relative to a surface of the sensor.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a raw sample and does not contain a buffer solution of low ionic concentration.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a field-effect transistor having a gate.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the gate is functionalized with a binding agent to interact with the analyte.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the gate comprises a nanostructure.6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first electrode is to reposition ions in the sample closer to the gate of the field-effect transistor.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is substantially coplanar with the sensor on the substrate.8. The apparatus of further comprising a second electrode disposed on the substrate.9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the sensor is located between the first electrode and the second electrode.10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first electrode is to provide a positive electric voltage or a negative electric voltage and the second electrode is a ground electrode.11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first electrode is to provide a positive electric voltage and the second electrode is to provide a negative electric voltage.12. The apparatus of claim 9 , ...

BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS CHIP, BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE ANALYZER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS METHOD

A biological sample analysis chip including a first substrate, a membrane disposed on the first substrate, a first liquid tank which is provided with a first electrode, a plurality of second liquid tanks each of which is provided with at least one flow path and a second electrode; and a second substrate disposed below the first substrate, in which the plurality of second liquid tanks are substantially insulated from each other, the membrane disposed on the first substrate is disposed between the first liquid tank and the plurality of second liquid tanks so as to form a portion of the first liquid tank and a portion of the plurality of second liquid tanks, and the second substrate is provided with the at least one flow path and the second electrode so as to form a portion of the plurality of second liquid tanks. 1. A biological sample analysis chip comprising:a first substrate;a membrane disposed on the first substrate;a first liquid tank which is provided with a first electrode;a plurality of second liquid tanks each of which is provided with at least one flow path and a second electrode; anda second substrate disposed below the first substrate, whereinthe plurality of second liquid tanks are substantially insulated from each other,the membrane disposed on the first substrate is disposed between the first liquid tank and the plurality of second liquid tanks so as to form a portion of the first liquid tank and a portion of the plurality of second liquid tanks, andthe second substrate is provided with the at least one flow path and the second electrode so as to form a portion of the plurality of second liquid tanks.2. The biological sample analysis chip according to claim 1 , whereinthe membrane is provided with a plurality of pores corresponding to the plurality of second liquid tanks.3. The biological sample analysis chip according to claim 1 , whereinat least one flow path is formed of a through hole penetrating the second substrate.4. The biological sample ...

METHOD FOR ELECTRONIC BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS

A biological sample analysis device includes a casing that encloses a biological sample delivery system hydraulically coupled to a sensor, wherein the sensor includes a plurality of Graphene transistors and each transistor covalently bonds with a biomarker causing the electrical properties of the transistor to measurably change when the biomarker is exposed to corresponding antibodies within an infected biological sample. 1. The method for electronic biological sample analysis comprising:introducing a biological sample to a sample chamber, the sample chamber comprising a sensor configured to output a first current range when the sample sensor is exposed to a sterile liquid and a second current range when the sensor is exposed to predetermined antibodies;applying a voltage to the sensor;measuring a current output from the sensor; anddetermining if the current output is within the first current range or the second current range.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises one or more Graphene transistors and applying a voltage to the sensor comprises applying a drain-source voltage and a gate-source bias.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is blood claim 1 , serum claim 1 , urine claim 1 , or cerebral fluid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring the current output from the sensor is performed at regular intervals.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising plotting the current output over time and analyzing a trend.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising flushing the biological sample from the sample chamber with a sterile solution.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising re-introducing the biological sample to the sample chamber.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising repeating for a plurality of cycles the flushing the biological sample from the sample chamber with a sterile solution and re-introducing the biological sample to the sample chamber and calculating a statistical average current output when the ...

CMOS COMPATIBLE BIOFET

The present disclosure provides a bio-field effect transistor (BioFET) and a method of fabricating a BioFET device. The method includes forming a BioFET using one or more process steps compatible with or typical to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The BioFET device may include a substrate; a gate structure disposed on a first surface of the substrate and an interface layer formed on the second surface of the substrate. The interface layer may allow for a receptor to be placed on the interface layer to detect the presence of a biomolecule or bio-entity. 1. A method of providing a BioFET device , comprising:providing a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface; 'depositing a gate structure on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate and over a channel region;', 'forming a FET device on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the forming the FET device includes 'forming an interface material on the exposed channel region of the second surface of the semiconductor substrate in the opening.', 'etching an opening in an isolation layer disposed on a second surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the opening exposes the channel region of the FET device, the channel region including a portion of the second surface of the semiconductor substrate; and'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:forming a source region and a drain region in the semiconductor substrate adjacent the gate structure, wherein the channel region interposes the source and drain regions.3. The method of claim 1 , forming a multi-layer interconnect (MLI) on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the MLI is closer to the first surface than the second surface of the semiconductor substrate.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the SOI substrate includes a first semiconductor layer and a ...

ELECTRIC-FIELD-ASSISTED NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING METHODS

This disclosure describes, in one aspect, a method of electric-field-assisted nucleotide sequencing. Generally, the method includes performing an ion-sensitive nucleotide sequencing method, applying an electric field across the device while the nucleotide sequencing reactions are being performed so that ions released by the sequencing reactions are directed to contact with the ion-sensitive detector, and detecting at least a portion of the released ions in contact with the ion-sensitive detector. 1. A method comprising:providing a device comprising an array of reaction sites, at least a portion of the reaction sites comprising an ion-sensitive detector;adding a polynucleotide template and DNA sequencing reagents to at least a portion of the reaction sites comprising an ion-sensitive detector under condition effective to perform DNA sequencing reactions that release ions;applying an electric field across the device while the DNA sequencing reactions are being performed such that the released ions are directed to contact with the ion-sensitive detector; anddetecting at least a portion of the released ions in contact with the ion-sensitive detector.2. The method of further comprising:reversing the electric field directing detected ions away from the ion-sensitive detector;washing the released ions from the reaction site;adding fresh DNA sequencing reagents to the reaction site under condition effective to perform a DNA sequencing reaction that release ions;applying an electric field across the device while the DNA sequencing reaction is being performed such that the released ions are directed to contact with the ion-sensitive detector; anddetecting at least a portion of the released ions in contact with the ion-sensitive detector.3. The method of wherein the ion-sensitive detector comprises an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) sensor or an avalanche ISFET sensor.4. The method of wherein the released ions comprise positively charged ions.5. The method of ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING A LIFESPAN OF NANOPORE-BASED DNA SENSING DEVICES

Techniques for increasing the lifespan of a nanopore DNA sensing device are disclosed. A related DNA sensing device may be formed by a process comprising forming a first electrode, forming a second electrode, disposing the first electrode and second electrode within an insulator, and disposing a lipid bilayer having a nanopore between the first electrode and second electrode. The forming of the second electrode may comprise forming a silver (Ag) layer, pressing a mold into the Ag layer to form a pattern in the Ag layer, removing the mold from the Ag layer, and exposing the Ag layer to an electrolyte. 1. A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sensing device formed by a process , the process comprising:forming a first electrode; forming a silver (Ag) layer;', 'pressing a mold into the Ag layer to form a pattern in the Ag layer;', 'removing the mold from the Ag layer; and', 'exposing the Ag layer to an electrolyte;, 'forming a second electrode, wherein forming the second electrode comprisesdisposing the first electrode and the second electrode within an insulator;disposing a lipid bilayer having a nanopore between the first electrode and the second electrode.2. The DNA sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the Ag layer comprises electroplating or physical vapor deposition (PVD).3. The DNA sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the Ag layer comprises forming the Ag layer on a diffusion layer and an adhesion layer comprising:gold (Au) and chromium (Cr);titanium nitride (TiN); orany combination thereof.4. The DNA sensing device of claim 1 , further comprising:heating the Ag layer to a temperature of between one-hundred-fifty and four-hundred degrees Celsius prior to the pressing of the mold; andcooling the Ag layer after the pressing of the mold.5. The DNA sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the mold is a polymer mold configured to form the pattern in the Ag layer.6. The DNA sensing device of claim 1 , wherein:the forming of the Ag layer comprises forming ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ANALYTES

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays including large FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions. 1. A method of determining pixel values comprising:providing an array of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, each of the pixels having a reaction area and a chemically sensitive sensor configured to provide an analog output indicative of the reactions sensed within the reaction area for the pixel;selecting at least one row of pixels to be read out of the array;outputting pixel data for the selected rows onto buses for the columns at a first rate, wherein the sampling period of the first rate is a time period that is insufficient for the output signal from the chemical sensors to settle, such that the output signal is still transitioning to a final value during the first sampling period;converting pixel data from the column busses at a second rate that is multiple times the first rate such that an oversampled pixel data set is made for each pixel readout; anddetermining an estimated pixel value from the oversampled pixel data set for each pixel readout by implementing a settling correction that compensates for the incomplete settling of the output signal.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising storing the oversampled pixel data set for each of the read out pixels to create a frame of pixel data and averaging the frame of pixel data to form an average frame of pixel data.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising repeating the method for a plurality of rows to create a series of frames.43. The method of claim claim 2 , further comprising averaging the series of frames into a final frame. This application is continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/436,827, filed Jun. 10, 2019. U.S. ...

NANOPORE DEVICE AND METHODS OF ELECTRICAL ARRAY ADDRESSING AND SENSING

A method of manufacturing and using a nanofluidic NAND transistor sensor array scheme including a plurality of nanopore channel pillars, a plurality of respective fluidic channels, a plurality of gate electrodes, a top chamber, and a bottom chamber includes placing a sensor substrate in an electrolyte solution comprising biomolecules and DNA. The method also includes placing first and second electrodes in the electrolyte solution (Vpp and Vss of the nanofluidic NAND transistor); forming the nanopore channel pillars; placing the gate electrodes and gate insulators in respective walls of the nanopore channel pillars; applying an electrophoretic bias in the first and second electrodes; applying a bias in the gate electrodes; detecting a change in an electrode current in the electrolyte solution caused by a change in a gate voltage; and detecting a change in a surface charge in nanopore channel electrodes in the respective fluidic channels. 1. A nanopore device for characterizing biopolymer molecules , comprising:a first selecting layer having a first plurality of independently addressable inhibitory electrodes disposed along a first axis of selection;a second selecting layer having a second plurality of independently addressable inhibitory electrodes disposed along a second axis of selection orthogonal to the first axis of selection, wherein the second selecting layer is disposed adjacent the first selecting layer; anda third electrode layer having a third independently addressable electrode, wherein the third electrode layer is disposed adjacent the second selecting layer, such that the first selecting layer, the second selecting layer, and the third electrode layer form a stack of layers along a Z axis and define a plurality of nanopore pillar.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of nanopore pillars is disposed in an array of nanopore pillars along a plane orthogonal to the Z axis.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein each of the first plurality of ...

SINGLE-PARTICLE BRIDGE ASSAY FOR AMPLIFICATION-FREE ELECTRICAL DETECTION OF ULTRALOW-CONCENTRATION BIOMOLECULES AND NON-BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

The invention relates generally to devices, systems, compositions, and methods for the detection of oligonucleotides, nucleic acids, antigens, antibodies, peptides, proteins, and non-biological molecules. 1. A device , comprising:an electrically-insulating substrate; anda first detecting unit, comprising:a source electrode disposed on the electrically-insulating substrate;a drain electrode; anda dielectric layer;wherein the dielectric layer is disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode;wherein the drain electrode and the dielectric layer comprise an array of holes;wherein the holes in the drain electrode and the dielectric layer are aligned; andat least one capture unit, comprising:a capture nanoparticle;wherein the capture nanoparticle is in contact with the source electrode; and wherein the nanoparticle is substantially centered in the holes of the drain electrode and the dielectric layer; and wherein the capture nanoparticle is a metal, semiconductor, or magnetic nanoparticle.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:a probe nanoparticle;wherein the probe nanoparticle forms a nanoparticle-bridge conjugate with the capture nanoparticle in the presence of a target molecule;wherein the probe nanoparticle in the nanoparticle-bridge conjugate provides an electrical path between the capture nanoparticle and the drain electrode.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first oligonucleotide target;wherein the capture nanoparticle comprises a first single-stranded oligonucleotide having a first nucleotide sequence complementary to a portion of the first oligonucleotide target; and wherein the capture nanoparticle is a metal, semiconductor, or magnetic nanoparticle; anda plurality of probe nanoparticles;wherein the probe nanoparticles comprise at least one nanoparticle and a probe oligonucleotide complementary to at least a portion of the first oligonucleotide target different than the portion complementary to the first nucleotide sequence; ...

ION SENSITIVE BIOSENSOR

The object of the present invention is to remove measurement noise in an ion-sensitive biosensor. The present invention provides an ion-sensitive biosensor, characterized in that all or a part of the ion-sensitive electrode surface is coated with polycatecholamine. 1. An ion-sensitive biosensor comprising an ion-sensitive electrode , characterized in that all or a part of said ion-sensitive electrode surface is coated with polycatecholamine.2. The biosensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that said polycatecholamine is L-DOPA claim 1 , dopamine claim 1 , adrenaline claim 1 , or noradrenaline polymer.3. The biosensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the polycatecholamine coating on said ion-sensitive electrode surface is achieved by polymerizing catecholamine on the surface of said electrode.4. The biosensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that said ion-sensitive electrode is a gold electrode claim 1 , a silver electrode claim 1 , a copper electrode claim 1 , a platinum electrode claim 1 , an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode claim 1 , a palladium electrode claim 1 , a steel electrode claim 1 , a nickel titanium alloy electrode claim 1 , a titanium oxide electrode claim 1 , a silicon dioxide electrode claim 1 , a crystal electrode claim 1 , an aluminum oxide electrode claim 1 , a gallium arsenide electrode claim 1 , a glass electrode claim 1 , or a tantalum oxide electrode.5. The biosensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that said ion-sensitive electrode is hydrogen ion-sensitive.6. The biosensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that said ion-sensitive electrode is electrically connected to the gate electrode of a field effect transistor.7. The biosensor according to claim 6 , characterized in that:said ion-sensitive electrode is placed away from said field effect transistor, andsaid ion-sensitive electrode is electrically connected to said gate electrode of said field effect transistor via electric wiring.8. The biosensor ...

Direct Sensing BioFETs and Methods of Manufacture

The present disclosure provides a biological field effect transistor (BioFET) and a method of fabricating a BioFET device. The method includes forming a BioFET using one or more process steps compatible with or typical to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The BioFET device includes a plurality of micro wells having a sensing gate bottom and a number of stacked well portions. A bottom surface area of a well portion is different from a top surface area of a well portion directly below. The micro wells are formed by multiple etching operations through different materials, including a sacrificial plug, to expose the sensing gate without plasma induced damage. 1. A method of making a BioFET device , comprising:forming a FET on a semiconductor substrate, the FET having a source, a drain and a gate;depositing a dielectric layer over the FET;patterning the dielectric layer to expose at least a portion of the gate;forming sacrificial plug contacting the exposed portion of the gate;forming a multi-layer interconnect (MLI) extending over the gate;patterning the MLI to expose the sacrificial plug;removing the sacrificial plug and the at least a portion of the gate to form a micro-well configured to receive and hold therein a fluid; andlining at least portions of the micro-well with a coating, the coating having receptors that can bind to a target molecule or being a material that can be bound to a target receptor.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:forming a spacer on a sidewall of the gate; andpatterning the dielectric layer to expose at least a portion of the gate exposes the spacer.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:forming a protective layer on the gate prior to the step of depositing a dielectric layer over the FET;wherein the step of patterning the dielectric layer to expose at least a portion of the gate includes etching the dielectric layer using a first etch process and etching the protective layer using a second etch ...

METHOD OF USING INTEGRATED ELECTRO-MICROFLUIDIC PROBE CARD

A method includes mounting an integrated electro-microfluidic probe card to a device area on a bio-sensor device wafer, wherein the electro-microfluidic probe card has a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface. The method further includes electrically connecting at least one electronic probe tip extending from the first major surface to a corresponding conductive area of the device area. The method further includes stamping a test fluid onto the device area. The method further includes measuring via the at least one electronic probe tip a first electrical property of one or more bio-FETs of the device area based on the test fluid. 1. A method comprising:mounting an integrated electro-microfluidic probe card to a device area on a bio-sensor device wafer, wherein the electro-microfluidic probe card has a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface;electrically connecting at least one electronic probe tip extending from the first major surface to a corresponding conductive area of the device area;stamping a test fluid onto the device area; andmeasuring via the at least one electronic probe tip a first electrical property of one or more bio-FETs of the device area based on the test fluid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrically connecting the at least one electronic probe tip to the corresponding conductive area comprises electrically connecting the at least one electronic probe tip to a location beyond a boundary of the test fluid.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising marking the device area based on results of the measuring of the first electrical property.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the marking comprises physically marking the device area.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the marking comprises tracking a location of the device area.6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising removing the device area from a manufacturing process in response to marking the device area ...

Method and Sensor for Detecting L-cysteine Based on 3,3'-dithiobis (1-propanesulfonate)-mercury Composite Membrane

A method and a sensor for detecting L-cysteine based on a 3,3′-dithiobis (1-propanesulfonate)-mercury composite membrane are provided. The method includes: implanting a p-well and an N-type substrate on field effect transistor substrate, constructing a source electrode and a drain electrode at the p-well, constructing a silicon dioxide layer on the substrate, plating an aluminum-copper alloy layer, a chromium-palladium alloy layer, and a gold film layer on a polysilicon gate substrate, constructing a silicon nitride layer on the substrate and the silicon dioxide layer; extending a gate part; preparing an ethanol solution of disodium 3,3′-dithiobis (1-propanesulfonate), cleaning and soaking gate gold electrode in the solution, followed by soaking in an ethanol solution of mercuric nitrate, and then washing the gate gold electrode; connecting electrode interfaces, inserting the electrode into PBS, and connecting power interfaces to a stabilized voltage supply, connecting a signal output interface to a multimeter. 1. A method for detecting L-cysteine based on a 3 ,3′-dithiobis (1-propanesulfonate)-mercury composite membrane , comprising the following steps:(1) implanting a p-well and an N-type substrate on a Si substrate of a field effect transistor, constructing a source electrode and a drain electrode at the p-well by a thermal evaporation and a magnetron sputtering, then constructing a silicon dioxide layer on the Si substrate after being implanted with the p-well and the N-type substrate and constructed with the source electrode and the drain electrode, followed by successively plating an aluminum-copper alloy layer, a chromium-palladium alloy layer, and a gold film layer on a substrate of a polysilicon gate by the thermal evaporation and the magnetron sputtering, and next, constructing a silicon nitride layer on the substrate of the polysilicon gate and the silicon dioxide layer; subsequently, extending a gate part of the polysilicon gate by a distance of 0.1-500 ...

Methods and apparatus for detecting molecular interactions using fet arrays

Methods and apparatuses relating to large scale FET arrays for analyte detection and measurement are provided. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes.

ARRAY OF TRANSPARENT BIOSENSORS INTEGRATED ON A TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE, AND METHOD FOR FORMING SUCH

An apparatus is provided which comprises: a substrate comprising a transparent material; and an array of transparent active devices disposed on the substrate, wherein each transparent active device comprises a sensing element associated with the transparent active device. 154-. (canceled)55. An apparatus comprising:a substrate comprising a transparent material; andan array of transparent active devices disposed on the substrate, wherein each transparent active device comprises a sensing element associated with the transparent active device.56. The apparatus of where the sensing element comprises a component that recognizes an analyte and is attached to a semiconductor surface of the transparent active device.57. The apparatus of where the sensing element comprises a component that recognizes an analyte and is attached to a transparent active device gate electrode of the transparent active device.58. The apparatus of claim 56 , wherein the component comprises one of: enzymes or chemicals to detect one or more of: glucose; acid including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA); proteins; lipids; or carbohydrates.59. The apparatus of claim 55 , wherein the substrate is conformed to a non-flat shape.60. The apparatus of comprises:a first lens disposed over the array of transparent active devices; anda second lens disposed under the substrate.61. The apparatus of comprises an array of antennas is on the substrate.62. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the array of antennas comprises graphene.63. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the array of antennas is invisible.64. The apparatus of comprises a controller coupled to the array of transparent active devices.65. The apparatus of comprises a power source coupled to the controller.66. The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the power source comprises a capacitor claim 65 , which is to be charged by wireless means.67. An apparatus comprising:a substrate;a gate above the substrate;a dielectric above the gate;an ...

Active chemically-sensitive sensors with reset switch

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

ORGANIC TRANSISTOR-BASED SYSTEM FOR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF CELLS AND METHOD FOR THE MONITORING OF THE CELLS

An organic transistor-based system for electrophysiological monitoring of cells is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of organic transistors each comprising: a floating gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode; an organic semiconductor; an insulating layer; and a sensing area. A barrier mechanically separates said sensing area and a transistor area. Each organic transistor includes a control gate electrode coupled to a second portion of said floating gate electrode external to said sensing area by a capacitor. The control gate electrode is separated from said floating gate electrode by said insulating layer. The control gate electrode sets a working point of the organic transistor to which the control gate electrode belongs to by a control voltage (V) applied to it. In each organic transistor, an overlapping area defined by said control gate electrode formed above said floating gate is comprised between 9*10cmand 2*10cm. 2. The system according to claim 1 , including a comparing element apt to select a plurality of said control voltages (V) claim 1 , each control voltage being applied to a respective control gate electrode of each of the organic transistors of the plurality claim 1 , said control voltages (V) being so selected that all organic transistors in the plurality have all a substantially identical drain current (I) when the cells activity is not monitored.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein said control voltage is a voltage applied between said control electrode and said source electrode.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein an area of each said aperture in said biocompatible layer is comprised between 4*10mmand 8*10mm.5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein one of said apertures in said biocompatible layer is covered by a piezoelectric material layer claim 1 , said piezoelectric material layer being deposited above a floating gate of an organic transistor of said plurality claim 1 , so that said organic ...

Carbon nanotube biofet with a local amplifier in a system array for analysis of biomarkers and method of analysis of same

A bioFET cell for measuring a time dependent characteristic of an analyte bearing fluid includes a source, a drain, a semiconductive single wall carbon nanotube network layer extending between the source and drain electrodes and electrically coupled there between, a gate insulatively spaced from and disposed over and extending between the source and drain electrodes, a layer of at least one selected antibody disposed on and linked to the polymer layer to functionalize the semiconductive single wall carbon nanotube network layer to a selected target biomarker corresponding to the at least one selected antibody so that electron transport into the semiconductive single wall carbon nanotube network layer is facilitated, where the source, drain and gate electrodes with the carbon nanotube network layer form a defined channel through which the analyte bearing fluid may flow, and a high impedance source follower amplifier coupled to the source electrode.

Electrochemical fet sensor

A sensor includes a working electrode in contact with an analyte solution; an amplifier including: a source terminal; a drain terminal; a back gate terminal; and nanowires, each nanowire electrically connecting the source terminal to the drain terminal; and an insulator having a first side and a second side. The working electrode is positioned to the first side of the insulator. The source terminal, the drain terminal, and the nanowires are positioned to the second side of the insulator. The insulator prevents direct electrical contact between the working electrode, the analyte solution and either the source terminal, the drain terminal, or the nanowires. The working electrode is configured such that, when a chemical species is present in the analyte solution, a variation in an electrical field at a location of the nanowires is induced, inducing a corresponding variation in an electrical current between the source terminal and the drain terminal.

MULTI-ELECTRODE MOLECULAR SENSING DEVICES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

A molecular sensor includes a substrate defining a substrate plane, and a plurality of pairs of electrode sheets above or below the substrate at an angle to the substrate plane. The molecular sensor further includes a plurality of inner dielectric sheets between each electrode sheet in each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs, and an outer dielectric sheet between each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs. 1. A method of manufacturing a molecular sensor , the method comprising: providing a first outer dielectric layer;', 'depositing a first electrode layer on the first outer dielectric layer;', 'depositing an inner dielectric layer on the first electrode layer;', 'depositing a second electrode layer on the inner dielectric layer; and', 'depositing a second outer dielectric layer on the second electrode layer;, 'forming a stack by at leastslicing through the stack at least once at an angle to the layers in the stack to form a plurality of chips from the sliced portions of the stack; andattaching the plurality of chips to a substrate so that the sliced portions of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a plurality of pairs of electrode sheets at an angle to a substrate plane defined by the substrate, and so that the sliced portions of the inner dielectric layer forms a plurality of inner dielectric sheets with each inner dielectric sheet between each electrode sheet in each pair of electrode sheets.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the stack further includes repeating the deposition of the first electrode layer claim 1 , the inner dielectric layer claim 1 , the second electrode layer claim 1 , and the second outer dielectric layer at least once so that each chip of the plurality of chips includes multiple pairs of electrode sheets.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner dielectric layer has a first thickness and the second outer dielectric layer has a second thickness at least one order of magnitude ...

Digital Time Domain Readout Circuit for BioFET Sensors

Various bioFET sensor readout circuits and their methods of operation are described. A readout circuit includes a plurality of logic gates coupled in cascade, a delay extractor, and a counting module. Each logic gate of the plurality of logic gates includes at least one bioFET sensor. The delay extractor is designed to generate a pulse-width signal based on a time difference between an output signal from the plurality of logic gates and a reference signal. The counting module is designed to receive the pulse-width signal and output a digital count corresponding to a width of the pulse-width signal. 1. A sensor readout circuit comprising:a plurality of logic gates coupled in cascade, each logic gate comprising at least one bioFET sensor;a delay extractor configured to generate a pulse-width signal based on a time difference between an output signal from the plurality of logic gates and a reference signal; anda counting module configured to receive the pulse-width signal and output a digital count corresponding to a width of the pulse-width signal.2. The sensor readout circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a second plurality of logic gates coupled in cascade claim 1 , wherein the reference signal is an output of the second plurality of logic gates.3. The sensor readout circuit of claim 2 , wherein an input of the plurality of logic gates coupled in cascade and an input of the second plurality of logic gates coupled in cascade are tied together to receive a same input signal.4. The sensor readout circuit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of logic gates comprise a plurality of inverters.5. The sensor readout circuit of claim 1 , wherein the delay extractor comprises an XOR logic gate.6. The sensor readout circuit of claim 1 , wherein the counting module comprises:an AND gate configured to receive the pulse-width signal and a clock signal and to output a pulse count signal; anda digital counter configured to receive the pulse count signal and output the digital count. ...

BIO-FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR DEVICE

A bioFET device includes a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposite, parallel second surface and a plurality of bioFET sensors on the semiconductor substrate. Each of the bioFET sensors includes a gate formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and a channel region formed within the semiconductor substrate beneath the gate and between source/drain (S/D) regions in the semiconductor substrate. The channel region includes a portion of the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. An isolation layer is disposed on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. The isolation layer has an opening positioned over the channel region of more than one bioFET sensor of the plurality of bioFET sensors. An interface layer is disposed on the channel region of the more than one bioFET sensor in the opening. 1. A bio-field effect transistor (bioFET) device comprising:a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposite, parallel second surface; a gate formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate; and', 'a channel region formed within the semiconductor substrate beneath the gate and between source/drain (S/D) regions in the semiconductor substrate, wherein the channel region includes a portion of the second surface of the semiconductor substrate;, 'a plurality of bioFET sensors disposed on the semiconductor substrate, each bioFET sensor comprisingan isolation layer disposed on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, the isolation layer having an opening positioned over the channel region of more than one bioFET sensor of the plurality of bioFET sensors; andan interface layer disposed on the channel region of the more than one bioFET sensor in the opening.2. The bioFET device of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of access FETs claim 1 , each of the access FETs including an access gate formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and a channel region formed within the ...

SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF A TARGET SPECIES AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

A sensor for detection of a target species is provided. The sensor includes a capture layer on an organic semi-conductor to which biomolecules may be bound. The capture layer polymer is deposited from a non-aqueous solution and the polymer is insoluble in water and has reactive groups for interaction with the analyte directly or via a conjugated species. Organic electronic devices, for example organic thin-film transistors having the capture layer are also provided. Use of a capture layer provides a low cost high quality biosensor which may be reliably produced in large quantities. 1. A method of making a layered structure for binding a biomolecule comprising:forming an organic semi-conductor layer by a solution deposition method;forming a capture layer on and in contact with the organic semiconductor layer comprising the step of depositing a solution comprising a polar, non-aqueous solvent and a dissolved capture polymer onto the organic semi-conductor layer wherein the capture polymer comprises moieties adapted to bind to a biomolecule.2. A method according to wherein the capture polymer is substantially insoluble in water.3. A method according to in which the capture polymer is deposited onto the first layer by a printing process or a coating process.4. A method according to wherein the polar nonaqueous solvent has a dielectric constant from 18 to 50.5. A method according to wherein the polar non-aqueous solvent is a protic solvent.6. A method according to wherein the organic semiconductor layer is formed from a formulation comprising a non-polar solvent and an organic semiconductor.7. A method according to wherein the non-polar solvent has a dielectric constant of less than 8.8. A method according to wherein the moieties are selected from amine groups; carboxyl groups; and salts thereof.9. A method according to wherein the capture polymer is a copolymer comprising repeat units that are substituted with at least one moiety adapted to bind to a biomolecule and ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING ISFET ARRAYS

The invention provides testing of a chemically-sensitive transistor device, such as an ISFET device, without exposing the device to liquids. In one embodiment, the invention performs a first test to calculate a resistance of the transistor. Based on the resistance, the invention performs a second test to transition the testing transistor among a plurality of modes. Based on corresponding measurements, a floating gate voltage is then calculated with little or no circuitry overhead. In another embodiment, the parasitic capacitance of at least either the source or drain is used to bias the floating gate of an ISFET. A driving voltage and biasing current are applied to exploit the parasitic capacitance to test the functionality of the transistor. 1. A method of testing a chemical detecting device comprised of an array of pixel elements , each pixel element including a chemically-sensitive transistor having a source terminal , a drain terminal , and a floating gate terminal , the method comprising:connecting of a group of the chemically-sensitive transistors' source terminals in common;applying first test voltages at the source terminals of the group;measuring corresponding first currents at the drain terminals produced by the first test voltages;calculating resistance values based on the first test voltages and currents;applying second test voltages at the source terminals of the group to operate the group in a different operational mode, wherein the second test voltages are based at least partially on the resistance values;measuring a corresponding second set of currents at the drain terminals produced by the second test voltages; andbased on the second test voltages and currents and operational properties of the chemically-sensitive transistors, calculating a floating gate voltage of each chemically-sensitive transistor in the group.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each chemically-sensitive transistor is an Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET).3. The method ...

POLYMER-COATING OF ELECTRODES FOR SENSOR DEVICES

An electrode comprising a functionalized surface exposable to a fluid sample. The functionalized surface comprises at least one polymer capable of mediating a salting-out effect and at least one detection agent that binds to an analyte comprised in the fluid sample, wherein the polymer and the detection agent are distributed on the surface of the electrode such that the detection agent is present in essentially equal amounts per surface area throughout the electrode surface and the polymer is arranged around the detection agent present in an amount allowing the reduction of the ionic strength of the fluid in proximity to the detection agent, and allowing for binding an analyte comprised in the fluid sample. A method for manufacturing a functionalized surface on an electrode, an analyte detector comprising the electrode, and the use of the analyte detector for determining at least one analyte in a fluid sample are also provided. 1. A method for manufacturing a functionalized surface on an electrode comprising the steps of:a) applying to the electrode a linker and at least one polymer capable of mediating a salting-out effect under conditions which allow for covalent or non-covalent immobilization of the said linker and the said polymer on the surface of the electrode; andb) applying at least one detection agent to the electrode upon immobilization of the said linker and the said polymer under conditions which allow for covalent or non-covalent attachment of the said at least one detection molecule to the electrode via the immobilized linker; andwherein the conditions allow for distributing the said at least one polymer capable of mediating a salting-out effect and the said at least one detection agent on the surface of the electrode such that the detection agent is present in equal amounts per surface area throughout the electrode surface and the polymer capable of mediating a salting-out effect is arranged around the detection agent present in an amounti) allowing ...

ORGANIC THIN FILM TRANSISTORS AND THE USE THEREOF IN SENSING APPLICATIONS

The present invention relates to organic thin film transistors and the preparation and use thereof in sensing applications, and in particular in glucose sensing applications. 1. An organic thin film transistor based sensor device , the device including:(i) a gate electrode;(ii) a dielectric layer;(iii) a semiconducting layer including at least one organic compound;(iv) a source electrode;(v) a drain electrode; and(vi) a substrate; and(vii) an enzyme located in, or forming part of any one of (i)-(vi),wherein the device has top gate bottom contact configuration such that the gate electrode is disposed above the dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer is disposed above the semiconducting layer.2. The device of any claim 1 , wherein the semiconducting layer is disposed above and in between the source electrode and the drain electrode.3. The device of any claim 1 , wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode are disposed above the substrate.4. The device of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the gate electrode is disposed above claim 1 , and in direct contact with claim 1 , the dielectric layer.5. The device of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer is disposed above claim 1 , and in direct contact with claim 1 , the semiconducting layer.6. The device of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the semiconducting layer is disposed above and in between the source electrode and the drain electrode claim 1 , and in direct contact with claim 1 , the source electrode and the drain electrode.7. The device of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode are disposed above claim 1 , and in direct contact with claim 1 , the substrate.8. The device of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the gate electrode comprises a porous matrix.9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the porous matrix is a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer.10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer- ...

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING ELEMENT AND CHIP, AND SEQUENCING ANALYSIS METHOD

Provided is a nucleotide sequencing element, comprising a semiconductor substrate, a transistor, a dielectric layer, an annular electrode group, and a conductor. Also provided is a nucleotide sequencing chip, comprising the nucleotide sequencing element and a sense amplifier. Also provided is a sequencing analysis method, comprising: providing the nucleotide sequencing chip as stated above; placing a nucleotide sequence fragment to be tested and a known nucleotide sequence fragment in a slot separately for a polymerization reaction and an electrochemical reaction; and analyzing the electrical signals generated by the reactions to obtain a sequencing result. 1. A nucleotide sequencing element , comprising:a substrate;a transistor disposed on the substrate;a dielectric layer covering the transistor; at least one first circular electrode;', 'a second circular electrode located on the first circular electrode; and', 'a third circular electrode located on the second circular electrode; and, 'a circular electrode set located on the dielectric layer and having an opening exposed the dielectric layer, and the circular electrode set and the dielectric layer forming a well, wherein the circular electrode set comprisesa conductor deposed in the dielectric layer, one end of the conductor connected to a source or a drain of the transistor, the other end of the conductor connected to the first circular electrode or the second circular electrode of the circular electrode set.2. The nucleotide sequencing element of claim 1 , wherein the first circular electrode claim 1 , the second circular electrode claim 1 , and the third circular electrode have a circular shape claim 1 , and the first claim 1 , the second claim 1 , and the third circular electrodes are aligned with each other.3. The nucleotide sequencing element of claim 1 , wherein the first circular electrode claim 1 , the second circular electrode claim 1 , and the third circular electrode have a polygon shape claim 1 , and ...

BIOCOMPATIBLE GRAPHENE SENSOR

A graphene biosensor is formed on an electrically insulating substrate with a single-layer graphene sheet arranged between two metallic electrodes. The graphene sheet is in electrical contact with the metallic electrodes. The graphene sheet has perforations creating edges in the graphene sheet. The perforations may be holes on a micrometer scale or in a nanometer scale. The biosensor can be configured as an ISFET. The graphene sheet may comprise affinity probes immobilized on the edges for attaching specific molecules to the graphene sheet. Several graphene sheets may be arranged in a microarray with different affinity probes on different graphene sheets. The sensor may also be arranged on the distal end of a catheter for in situ measurements in a body vessel. 1. A graphene biosensor comprising:an electrically insulating substrate;a first metallic electrode and a second metallic electrode, the first and second metallic electrodes being mounted on the substrate;a single-layer graphene sheet in electrical contact with and connecting the first and second metallic electrodes, the graphene sheet comprising perforations or gaps with edges having a total edge length.2. The graphene biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the perforations are holes.3. The graphene biosensor of claim 2 , wherein the holes have a diameter smaller than about 10 μm.4. The graphene biosensor of claim 3 , wherein the holes have a diameter smaller than about 5 μm.5. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the perforations are arranged in a substantially regular pattern at a distance from each other smaller than about 5 μm.6. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the perforations are arranged in a substantially regular pattern at a distance from each other smaller than about 1 μm.7. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the graphene sheet has an area and the total edge length relative to the graphene sheet area has an edge-to-area ratio above 0.1 μm.8. The biosensor of claim 7 , wherein the edge-to-area ratio is ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DNA SEQUENCING AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS

A DNA sequencing and blood chemistry analysis system and method are provided including one or more sensor chips and one or more sample wells, wherein each sample well is configured to form a seal with one of the sensors. The one or more sensor chips may comprise Graphene transistors, and each transistor having an associated sequencing probe. The sensor chips interact with a biological sample introduced into the sample well, wherein changes in the current, transconductance, and resistance of the Graphene transistors are indicative of a DNA binding process. Based on the associated sequencing probes, the DNA sequence present in a biological sample can be identified. 1. A method for biological sample analysis , comprising:introducing a biological sample into a sample well, the sample well comprising a sensor;applying a voltage to the sensor, wherein the sensor comprises a plurality of sequencing probes and a plurality of Graphene transistors;measuring an electrical property of the sensor;identifying changes in the electrical property;identifying a change in pH of the suspension based on the change in the electrical property; andidentifying a DNA sequence present in the suspension based on the change in pH.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a voltage to the sensor comprises applying a gate-source voltage and a drain-source bias or applying a drain-source voltage and a gate-source bias.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical properties comprise the transconductance of the sensor or the resistance of the sensor.4. A system for biological sample analysis comprising:a sensing section including a sensor chip comprising a plurality of transistors and a plurality of sequencing probes, wherein at least one of the transistors comprises Graphene;a plate section including a biological sample well, wherein the biological sample well is in fluidic communication with the sensor chip; anda processing section including a processing module.5. The system of claim 4 , ...

SEMICONDUCTOR BIOSENSOR AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

A semiconductor biosensor and a control method thereof are disclosed for enhancing performance of semiconductor biosensor and the reducing price of medical healthcare chip. An embodiment of the semiconductor biosensor includes a central reaction unit. The central reaction unit comprises a plurality of semiconductor conducting wires; a common source, wherein one end of each conducting wire is connected to the common source; a plurality of non-volatile memory type transistors respectively connected to another end of each conducting wire; a plurality of sense-amplifiers respectively connected to the said non-volatile memory type transistors; a bit line controller analyzing signals sensed by the said sense-amplifiers and managing the operation of the said non-volatile memory type transistors; an oxide film wrapping or covering the said conducting wires, and a plurality of receptors fixed on a surface of the said oxide film. 1. A semiconductor biosensor includes: a plurality of semiconductor conducting wires;', 'a common source, wherein one end of each conducting wire is connected to the common source;', 'a plurality of non-volatile memory type transistors respectively connected to another end of each conducting wire;', 'a plurality of sense-amplifiers respectively connected to the said non-volatile memory type transistors;', 'a bit line controller analyzing signals sensed by the said sense-amplifiers and managing the operation of the said non-volatile memory type transistors;', 'an oxide film wrapping or covering the said conducting wires, and', 'a plurality of receptors fixed on a surface of the said oxide film., 'a central reaction unit of an inspection equipment, with the central reaction unit being capable of being embedded into a semiconductor chip; and with the central reaction unit comprising2. The semiconductor biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the central reaction unit further comprises a plurality of drain select gate transistors respectively connected ...

BIOMARKER SENSOR ARRAY AND CIRCUIT AND METHODS OF USING AND FORMING SAME

The present disclosure relates to biomarker sensor arrays, to circuits including the sensor arrays, to systems including the arrays, and to methods of forming and using the arrays, circuits, and systems. The arrays, circuits, and systems can be used to detect a variety of materials, including chemical, biological, and radioactive materials. The arrays and circuits can be used for, for example, screening tests, disease diagnostics, prognostics and disease monitoring. 1. A sensor array comprising:a plurality of sensor nodes,wherein each sensor node of the plurality of sensor nodes comprises a plurality of sensor elements, and each sensor element comprises one or more sensor devices,wherein each sensor node detects a biomarker, andwherein a first sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements produces a first electrical response to the biomarker and a second sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements produces a second electrical response to the biomarker.2. The sensor array of claim 1 , wherein the sensor array is configured to detect a plurality of biomarkers claim 1 , wherein one or more of the sensor nodes of the plurality of sensor nodes detect one or more biomarkers.3. The sensor array of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sensor devices comprise a sensor device selected from a group consisting of field effect sensors claim 1 , electrochemical sensors claim 1 , nanowire sensors claim 1 , nanotube sensors claim 1 , graphene sensors claim 1 , magnetic sensors claim 1 , giant magneto resistance sensors claim 1 , nano ribbon sensors claim 1 , polymer sensors claim 1 , resistive sensors claim 1 , capacitive sensors claim 1 , and inductive sensors.4. The sensor array of claim 1 , wherein a first sensor node comprises first sensor devices and a second sensor node comprises second sensor devices claim 1 , wherein the first sensor devices are a first device type and the second sensor devices are a second device type.5. The sensor array of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SELECTIVELY ADDRESSING SPARSELY ARRANGED ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT DEVICES

A circuit comprising a substrate with sectors on the substrate is provided, each sector comprising clock and data lines, a controller in electrical communication with the clock and data lines, a counter bias line, an amplifier input line and nano-electronic measurement devices on the substrate. A source of each device is coupled to the counter bias line and a drain of each device is coupled to the amplifier input line to obtain an electrical signal on the drain, the identity of which is determined by electrical interaction between the device and a charge label. Each device drain is gated by a corresponding switch between an on state, in which the drain is connected to the amplifier input line, and an off state, in which the drain is isolated from the amplifier input line. The controller controls switch states responsive to clock signal line pulses and data input line data. 1. An integrated circuit comprising:a substrate; a programmable switch controller;', 'a counter bias line;', 'an amplifier input line;', each respective nano-electronic measurement device in the plurality of nano-electronic measurement devices includes a source that is coupled to the counter bias line and a drain that is coupled to the amplifier input line thereby obtaining an electrical signal on the drain of the respective nano-electronic measurement device,', 'the electrical signal is any one of a discrete set of electrical signals,', 'an identity of the electrical signal in the discrete set of electrical signals is determined by an electrical interaction between the corresponding nano-electronic measurement device and a particular charge label in a plurality of charge labels; and, 'a plurality of nano-electronic measurement devices spatially arranged on the substrate, wherein'}, (i) an on state, in which the electrical signal at the drain of the corresponding nano-electronic measurement device is delivered to the amplifier input line, and', '(ii) an off state, in which the electrical signal at ...

ELECTRIC FIELD DIRECTED LOADING OF MICROWELL ARRAY

An apparatus includes a device substrate including an array of sensors. Each sensor of the array of sensors can include a electrode structure disposed at a surface of the device substrate. The apparatus further includes a wall structure overlying the surface of the device substrate and defining an array of wells at least partially corresponding with the array of sensors. The well structure including an electrode layer and an insulative layer. 1. A method for depositing particles , the method comprising: a device substrate including an array of sensors, each sensor of the array of sensors including a sensor electrode structure disposed at a surface of the device substrate; and', 'a well structure overlying the surface of the device substrate and defining an array of wells at least partially corresponding with the array of sensors, the well structure including an electrophoretic electrode layer and an insulative layer;, 'providing a particle suspension to a flow cell of an apparatus, the particle suspension comprising a plurality of particles, the flow cell comprising a counter electrode, the apparatus further comprisingapplying a voltage difference between the counter electrode and the electrophoretic electrode layer, a particle of the plurality of particles depositing in the a well of the array of wells.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle of the plurality of particles is a charged particle.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle of the plurality of particles is conjugated with polynucleotides.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:flowing a nucleotide solution through the flow cell, the nucleotide solution including a nucleotide; andmeasuring a response to flowing the nucleotide solution with a sensor of the array of sensors.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the response is an ionic response proximal to the sensor electrode structure.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the each sensor of the array of sensors is an ion sensitive field ...