Patent RU2014153500A3

СИСТЕМА ПОМОЩИ В ПОЗИЦИОНИРОВАНИИ ДЛЯ ГРУЗОВИКА С ВИБРАТОРОМ И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИЙ ГРУЗОВИК С ВИБРАТОРОМ И СПОСОБ

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to trucks with vibrator and positioning systems. A system for assisting in positioning for a truck with a vibrator comprises a vibration system, a lowering and lifting system for raising and lowering the vibration system. Assistance system in positioning is configured to determine distance to vibration excitation point between truck with vibrator and location of vibration excitation point, determining stopping distance for stopping truck with vibrator at vibration excitation point, determining time of truck stop with vibrator in vibration excitation point location according to current speed of truck with vibrator, to initiate lowering of radiating plate of vibration system at performance of at least the following condition: specified time of stop is less or equal to time of lowering of vibration system to ground surface. Truck with vibrator comprises motor for movement of truck with vibrator and control system comprising motor control unit for motor control, a vibration system comprising a vibration portion and a radiating plate used to transmit vibrations through the earth and a tripping and lifting system for raising and lowering the vibration system.EFFECT: higher efficiency of seismic survey.15 cl, 8 dwg

Non-impulsive source actuation

Non-impulsive source actuation can include actuating a plurality of non-impulsive sources such that each one of a plurality of common midpoint (CMP) bins receives a desired aggregate signal exposure. Each one of the plurality of non-impulsive sources exposes each one of the plurality of CMP bins to a different part of the desired aggregate signal exposure at different times during the survey.

Method for calibrating the far-field acoustic output of a marine vibrator

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control.

Control system for marine vibrators

QUALITY CONTROL FOR BROADBAND SWEEPS

A method for determining a quality control quantity corresponding to energy provided by a seismic source and related devices are provided. The method includes determining an envelope of a pilot signal associated with the seismic source; measuring a source signal of the energy provided by the seismic source; normalizing the pilot signal and the source signal using the determined envelope; and determining, in a processor, the quality control quantity using the normalized pilot signal and the normalized source signal. A control mechanism configured to implement the method includes a storage device holding data of a pilot signal associated with the seismic source; and a processor connected to the storage device and configured to carry out the method steps. A computer-readable medium having instructions to carry out steps of the method is also provided.

MARINE SEISMIC EXPLORATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

СПОСОБ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ПРИВОДНОГО СИГНАЛА С РАСШИРЕНИЕМ СПЕКТРА ДЛЯ ГРУППЫ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИХ ВИБРАТОРОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДВУХПОЗИЦИОННОЙ ФАЗОВОЙ МОДУЛЯЦИИ В КАЖДОМ ЧИПЕ ПРИВОДНОГО СИГНАЛА

Способ генерирования сейсмической волны при разведке геологической среды включает применение первого сейсмического вибратора над исследуемым участком геологической среды и применение по меньшей мере второго сейсмического вибратора над этим участком, по существу, одновременно с применением первого сейсмического вибратора. Первый и второй вибраторы имеют различные выбранные частотные характеристики. Каждым из двух вибраторов управляет один и тот же сигнал с прямым расширением спектра, причем для каждого вибратора выбирается различное количество операций модуляции для каждого логического значения в сигнале с прямым расширением спектра.

КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА ДЛЯ ШИРОКОПОЛОСНЫХ СВИП-СИГНАЛОВ

FIELD: geophysics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of geophysics, and can be used in the process of quality control data processing regarding the seismic source radiated energy. Disclosed is the quality control parameter determining method, corresponding to the energy provided by the seismic source and associated thereto devices. Method comprises associated with the seismic source control signal envelope determining; source signal measurement at the indicated energy, provided by the seismic source; the control signal and the source signal normalization, using the resulting envelope, and the quality control parameter determining in the processor, using the normalized control signal and the normalized source signal. Control mechanism for the method implementation includes memory device, storing the associated with the seismic source control signal data; and processor, associated with the storage device and configured to implement the said method stages. Invention also provides the computer-readable medium comprising instructions for the method stages implementation.EFFECT: technical result is higher accuracy of obtained data.20 cl, 12 dwg, 1 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 665 346 C2 (51) МПК G01V 1/02 (2006.01) G01V 1/28 (2006.01) G01V 1/30 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК G01V 1/005 (2006.01); G01V 1/02 (2006.01); G01V 1/28 (2006.01); G01V 2200/14 (2006.01); G01V 1/307 (2006.01); G01V 2210/1214 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2014153500, 26.12.2014 26.12.2014 (73) Патентообладатель(и): СЕРСЕЛЬ (FR) Дата регистрации: 29.08.2018 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 2518303 A, 06.11.1975. US 20110192143 A1, 11.08.2011. US 8619497 B1, 31.12.2013. US 20110085416 A1, 14.04.2011. US 6148264 A1, 14.11.2000. US 20080159074 A1, 03.07.2008. 10.01.2014 US 61/925,823; 20.05.2014 US 14/282,480 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.07.2016 Бюл. № 20 2 6 6 5 3 4 6 R U Адрес для переписки: ...

Processing seismic data acquired using moving non-impulsive sources

Improved seismic source firing sequence and reciever arrangement

Improved seismic source firing sequence and receiver arrangement

A method of determining a firing sequence of a plurality of seismic sources for use in a seismic survey comprises receiving a first low discrepancy sequence and a second low discrepancy sequence. The firing sequence is determined by alternately selecting consecutive numbers from said sequences. The sequences, which may be described as quasi Monte Carlo sequences, may be Hammersley, Halton, Faure or Sobol sequences. The firing sequence may be firing times or firing positions. Also disclosed is a method of using a low discrepancy sequence to determine positions of receivers 102, and a method of using a low discrepancy sequence to determine a subset of frequencies to be used in an output signal for a continuous seismic source.

Control system for marine vibrators to reduce friction effects

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, a control unit provides first input signals to the marine vibrator which include an excitation signal and a high-amplitude, low-frequency signal, the latter is operable to decrease friction effects in the marine vibrator. Furthermore local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator. The control unit is further configured to generate initial values for a transfer function of the marine vibrator based on the measured acoustic output.

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources are described. The impulsive and non-impulsive sources may be towed through a body of water by separate survey vessels. Receivers of one or more streamers towed through the body of water above a subterranean formation generate seismic data that represents a reflected wavefield produced by the subterranean formation in response to separate source wavefields generated by simultaneous activation of the impulsive source and the non-impulsive source. Methods and systems include separating the seismic data into impulsive source seismic data associated with the impulsive source and non-impulsive source seismic data associated with the non-impulsive.

Marine seismic inline source for near-continuously actuation

An inline source can be used for a marine survey. For example, a marine survey vessel can tow source units in line. The source units can be actuated near-continuously to cause a respective signal emitted by each of the source units to be uncorrelated with signals emitted by other of the source units.

SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CREATING VIRTUAL POINT SOURCES WITHIN A HYDROCARBON FORMATION

Downhole tools and method for a well. At least some of the example embodiments are methods of imaging a formation around a first borehole, including: focusing first outbound acoustic energy, launched from a tool with the first borehole, on a volume within the formation spaced away from the first borehole, the focusing creates a first virtual point source (VPS) that creates a first return acoustic energy; receiving the first return acoustic energy from the first VPS at a plurality of seismic sensors; and determining a parameter of the formation between the first VPS and a location of the seismic sensors using the first return acoustic energy.

MULTI-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC INTERROGATION FOR AZIMUTHAL ORIENTATION OF DOWNHOLE TOOLS

An apparatus for detecting a location of an optical fiber having an acoustic sensor disposed subsurface to the earth includes an acoustic emitter configured to emit a first signal having a first frequency and a second signal having a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, the first and second emitted acoustic signals being azimuthally rotated around the borehole and an optical interrogator configured to interrogate the optical fiber to receive an acoustic measurement that provides a corresponding first received signal and a corresponding second received signal. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to (i) frequency-multiply the first received signal to provide a third signal having a third frequency within a selected range of the second frequency, (ii) estimate a phase difference between the second received signal and the third signal, and (iii) correlate the phase difference to the location of the optical fiber.

SEISMIC SOURCE AND METHOD FOR INTERMODULATION MITIGATION

A method for calculating intermodulation noise generated with one or more land seismic sources. The method includes receiving seismic data generated by actuating the one or more land seismic source with a first sweep and a second sweep; calculating with a computing device a first earth response corresponding to the first sweep; calculating with the computing device a second earth response corresponding to the second sweep; and calculating the intermodulation noise based on the first and second earth responses. The second sweep is a time reverse sweep of the first sweep.

СПОСОБ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ПРИВОДНОГО СИГНАЛА С РАСШИРЕНИЕМ СПЕКТРА ДЛЯ ГРУППЫ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИХ ВИБРАТОРОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДВУХПОЗИЦИОННОЙ ФАЗОВОЙ МОДУЛЯЦИИ В КАЖДОМ ЧИПЕ ПРИВОДНОГО СИГНАЛА

Изобретение относится к способу генерирования сейсмической волны при разведке геологической среды, включающему в себя применение первого сейсмического вибратора над исследуемым участком геологической среды и применение по меньшей мере второго сейсмического вибратора над этим участком, по существу, одновременно с применением первого сейсмического вибратора. Первый и второй вибраторы имеют различные выбранные частотные характеристики. Каждым из двух вибраторов управляет один и тот же сигнал с прямым расширением спектра, причем для каждого вибратора выбирается различное количество операций модуляции для каждого логического значения в сигнале с прямым расширением спектра.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MARINE SEISMIC SURVEYING

OFFSHORE SEISMIC VIBRATOR AND METHOD OF SEISMIC PROSPECTING

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SEPARATION OF SEISMIC DATA, ASSOCIATED WITH PULSE AND NEIMPULSNYM SOURCES

Inline source

An inline source can be used for a marine survey. For example, a marine survey vessel can tow source units in line. The source units can be actuated near-continuously to cause a respective signal emitted by each of the source units to be uncorrelated with signals emitted by other of the source units.

Method for generating spread spectrum driver signals for a seismic vibrator array

WAVSEIS SOURCING

Improved methods of providing acoustic source signals for seismic surveying, wherein a plurality of signals can be easily separated from one another after data acquisition, wherein the source signals are not sweep based.

METHOD FOR GENERATING SPREAD SPECTRUM DRIVER SIGNALS FOR A SEISMIC VIBRATOR ARRAY USING MULTIPLE BIPHASE MODULATION OPERATIONS IN EACH DRIVER SIGNAL CHIP

A method for generating seismic energy for subsurface surveying includes operating a first seismic vibrator above an area of the subsurface to be surveyed and operating at least a second seismic vibrator above the area substantially contemporaneously with the operating the first seismic vibrator. The first and the second vibrators each have a different selected frequency response. The first and second vibrators are each operated by a same direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein a different number of modulation operations for each logical value in the direct sequence spread spectrum signal is selected for each vibrator.

SEISMIC SOURCE AND METHOD FOR SINGLE SWEEP INTERMODULATION MITIGATION

A method for calculating intermodulation noise generated with one or more land seismic sources. The method includes receiving seismic data (g) generated by actuating the one or more land seismic source with a single sweep; selecting a number of detectors (a-f) that detect a subset (ga-gf) of the seismic data (g); estimating earth responses (ha1-hf1) based on (i) the subset seismic data (ga-gf) and (ii) a ground force (gf) of the one or more land seismic source; calculating plural intermodulation noises (noiseA1-noiseF1) for the number of detectors based on the earth responses (ha1-hf1); and removing the plural intermodulation noises (noiseA1-noiseF1) from corresponding detector signals (ga-gf) to mitigate the intermodulation noise effect.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEISMIC SURVEYING USING DISTRIBUTED SOURCES

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

VIBRADORES SÍSMICOS MARINHOS E MÉTODOS DE USAR REFERÊNCIA CRUZADA DAS APLICAÇÕES RELACIONADAS

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR LOW-FREQUENCY PRESSURIZED SOURCE

A source element for generating seismic waves includes a housing; a partitioning element placed inside the housing and configured to split the housing in a closed chamber and an opened chamber; and a valve in fluid communication with the closed chamber and configured to supply high-pressure air to the closed chamber to make the partitioning element oscillates. An oscillation of the partitioning element generates low-frequency seismic waves.

PROCESSING SEISMIC DATA ACQUIRED USING MOVING NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCES

Methods for processing seismic data acquired with non-impulsive moving sources are provided. Some methods remove cross-talk noise from the seismic data using emitted signal data and an underground formation's response estimate, which may be iteratively enhanced. Some methods perform resampling before a spatial or a spatio-temporal inversion. Some methods compensate for source's motion during the inversion, and/or are usable for multiple independently moving sources. 1. A method for processing seismic data related to a moving non-impulsive source , the method comprising:obtaining seismic data, emitted signal data and an underground formation's response, UFR, estimate;calculating a noisy UFR estimate using the seismic data and the emitted signal data, and a cross-talk estimate using the emitted signal data and the UFR estimate; andsubtracting the cross-talk estimate from the noisy UFR estimate,wherein a result of the subtracting is usable in further processing the seismic data to obtain an image of underground formation's structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the noisy subsurface response is obtained by cross-correlating the seismic data with the emitted signal data.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the noisy UFR estimate is obtained using an inversion method.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the inversion method is a spatial or a spatio-temporal inversion.5. The method of claim 1 , the UFR estimate is obtained by applying a coherency filter to the noisy UFR estimate.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:repeating the calculating of the cross-talk estimate and the subtracting of the cross-talk estimate from the noisy UFR estimate, wherein the UFR estimate used when repeating the calculating is an updated UFR estimate based on the result of the subtracting previously performed.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:applying a coherency filter to the result of the subtracting to obtain the updated UFR estimate.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein ...

NOISE REMOVAL FOR DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING DATA

Sweep signal for combination of a marine non-impulsive source output with a marine impulsive source output

Abstract Parameters of a sweep signal that controls operation of a marine non-impulsive source can be set. Setting the parameters can include selecting a stop frequency of the sweep signal, defining a taper of the sweep signal, and adjusting an initial phase of the sweep signal. The parameters can be set such that a magnitude of an amplitude spectrum of a combined output of a marine impulsive source and the marine non-impulsive source is greater than or equal to a magnitude of an amplitude spectrum of a marine impulsive source output at frequencies below the stop frequency. A controller of the marine non-impulsive source can be programmed with the sweep signal having the parameters set to control the marine non-impulsive source. SETTING A PLURALITY OF PARAMETERS OF A SWEEP SIGNAL THAT CONTROLS OPERATION OF A MARINE NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCE SELECTING A STOP FREQUENCY OF THE SWEEP SIGNAL ~854 DEFINING A TAPER OF THE SWEEP SIGNAL 856 ADJUSTING AN INITIAL PHASE OF THE SWEEP SIGNAL 858 SUCH THAT A MAGNITUDE OF AN AMPLITUDE SPECTRUM OF A COMBINED OUTPUT OF A MARINE IMPULSIVE SOURCE AND THE MARINE NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCE IS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO A MAGNITUDE OF AN AMPLITUDE SPECTRUM OF A MARINE IMPULSIVE SOURCE OUTPUT AT FREQUENCIES BELOW THE STOP FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING A CONTROLLER OF THE MARINE NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCE WITH THE SWEEP SIGNAL HAVING THE SET PLURALITY OF PARAMETERS TO CONTROL THE MARINE NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCE Fig. 8

Control system for a marine vibrator

Disclosed are control systems for marine vibrators. An example method may comprise recording a signal at a seismic sensor; running an iterative learning control characterization for a marine vibrator on the signal from the seismic sensor; measuring movement of an outer shell of the marine vibrator using a motion sensor to obtain a motion sensor signal; and controlling the marine vibrator using the motion sensor signal as a reference signal. 102l u0 112 108 108 108 108 108 108 1_16 ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS WITH ESTIMATED SYNCHRONIZATION BETWEEN MODULAR DOWNHOLE LOGGING SYSTEM MODULES

A modular downhole logging system includes a transmitter module having a local frequency, wherein the transmitter module transmits interrogation signals into a formation based on the local frequency. The downhole system also includes a receiver module axially-spaced from the transmitter module and that receives response signals corresponding to the interrogation signals, wherein the receiver module includes sampling logic and sync estimation logic. The sync estimation logic is configured to perform sync estimation operations including estimating the local frequency of the transmitter module based on analysis of response signal Fourier transform results corresponding to different frequencies. The sampling logic/clock is configured to sample the response signals based on the estimated local frequency of the transmitter module, wherein a processor derives formation property values using the sampled response signals.

차량용 지반탐사 시스템

... 본 발명은 차량용 지반탐사 시스템 및 그 방법에 관한 것으로, GPS 신호를 수신하는 GPS 수신부, 전자파를 이용하여 지면 내부의 스캔 데이터를 생성하는 레이더, 상기 GPS 신호 및 상기 스캔 데이터를 입력받아 제1 데이터를 생성하는 제1 제어부 및 상기 제1 데이터가 저장되는 제1 저장부를 포함하여, 차량으로 이동하면서 지반 내부 상태를 조사하고, 그 결과를 자동으로 저장 및 관리할 수 있다. 그 결과, 비교적 적은 인원으로 짧은 시간 안에 많은 지역의 지반 내부 상태를 확인할 수 있다.

КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА ДЛЯ ШИРОКОПОЛОСНЫХ СВИП-СИГНАЛОВ

1. Способ определения параметра контроля качества, соответствующего энергии, обеспечиваемой сейсмическим источником, характеризующийся тем, что:определяют огибающую управляющего сигнала, связанного с сейсмическим источником;измеряют сигнал источника при указанной энергии, обеспечиваемой сейсмическим источником;нормализуют указанный управляющий сигнал и указанный сигнал источника, используя полученную огибающую; иопределяют в процессоре параметр контроля качества, используя нормализованный управляющий сигнал и нормализованный сигнал источника.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором параметр контроля качества представляет собой разность фаз между нормализованным управляющим сигналом и нормализованным сигналом источника в зависимости от времени.3. Способ по п. 1, в котором параметр контроля качества представляет собой относительную амплитуду, в виде функции от времени, составляющей нормализованного сигнала источника, относящейся к основной частоте, по отношению к составляющей нормализованного управляющего сигнала, относящейся к основной частоте.4. Способ по п. 1, в котором параметром контроля качества является искажение, отражающее различие между нормализованным управляющим сигналом и нормализованным сигналом источника, в зависимости от времени.5. Способ по п. 1, в котором на этапе определения параметра определяют соответствующие значения параметра контроля качества для каждого из множества окон нормализованного сигнала источника и нормализованного управляющего сигнала, причем характеристикой окон является выбранная длина окна.6. Способ по п. 5, в котором выбранная длина окна составляет по меньшей мере одну секунду.7. Способ РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК G01V 1/00 (13) 2014 153 500 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2014153500, 26.12.2014 (71) Заявитель(и): СЕРСЕЛЬ (FR) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): ОЛЛИВРЕН Жиль (FR) 10.01.2014 US 61/925,823; 20.05.2014 US 14/282, ...

Processing seismic data acquired using moving non-impulsive sources

Geometrical distribution for non-impulsive sources

A proposed geometrical distribution for a first non-impulsive source and a second non-impulsive source of a source array can be received. A near-field-to-notional computation can be performed for the proposed geometrical distribution to yield a respective computed notional output of the first and second non-impulsive sources. Whether the computed notional output of the first non-impulsive source has a first amount of residue greater than a threshold amount of residue can be determined. Whether the computed notional output of the second non-impulsive source has a second amount of residue greater than the threshold amount of residue can be determined. An indication whether either of the first or second amounts of residue is less than or equal to the threshold amount of residue can be provided ...

Marine seismic inline source for near-continuously actuation

An inline source can be used for a marine survey. For example, a marine survey vessel can tow source units in line. The source units can be actuated near-continuously to cause a respective signal emitted by each of the source units to be uncorrelated with signals emitted by other of the source units.

Marine seismic inline source for near-continuously actuation

Marine seismic vibrators and methods of use

... [0077] Embodiments relate to marine seismic vibrators for use in seismic surveying and associated methods of use. An embodiment provides a marine seismic vibrator comprising: a shell having a spring constant selected to provide a first resonance frequency within an operational frequency range of about 1 Hz and about 300 Hz; a driver disposed within the shell and having a first end and a second end; and a spring element coupled to the shell between the first end and the second end of the driver, wherein the spring element has a second mode of oscillation that provides a second resonance frequency within the operational frequency range.

Formation measurements using downhole noise sources

A method of performing measurements of an earth formation includes disposing at least a first receiver and a second receiver in one or more monitoring boreholes in a formation, and injecting fluid into the formation from an injection borehole, wherein injecting includes operating a fluid control device to generate seismic and/or acoustic noise having an identifiable characteristic. The method also includes detecting seismic and/or acoustic signals at the first receiver and detecting seismic and/or acoustic signals at a second receiver, the seismic and/or acoustic signals corresponding to the seismic and/or acoustic noise, calculating an estimate of a Green's function between the first receiver and the second receiver by processing seismic and/or acoustic waves detected by the first receiver and the second receiver to at least partially reconstruct the Green's function, and estimating variations in a velocity of a region of the formation by determining variations in the reconstructed Green's ...

Estimation of formation and/or downhole component properties using electromagnetic acoustic sensing

A method is provided of inspecting a nested multi-layer structure including a first and second electrically conductive layer and a third layer disposed behind the second conductive layer. The method includes deploying a sensor device including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to a borehole location proximate to the structure, generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies, applying an electrical current signal to the sensor device based on the drive signal and inducing currents in the first conductive layer that induce currents generating acoustic signals having the plurality of frequencies, detecting a first set of resonant frequencies based on received electromagnetic signals, detecting a second set of resonant frequencies based on received acoustic signals, estimating a property of the first and/or the second conductive layer based on the first set of resonant frequencies, and estimating a property of the third layer based on the second set of resonant frequencies ...

System and method for seismic surveying using distributed sources

... [0033] Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed. 4 r1 14 10 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 10 -14a g10 10 r 12 r 12 4 1-12 16 (12 8 (12 r 12 (12 010 f 14b 10 10 ...

SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CREATING VIRTUAL POINT SOURCES WITHIN A HYDROCARBON FORMATION

Downhole tools and method for a well. At least some of the example embodiments are methods of imaging a formation around a first borehole, including: focusing first outbound acoustic energy, launched from a tool with the first borehole, on a volume within the formation spaced away from the first borehole, the focusing creates a first virtual point source (VPS) that creates a first return acoustic energy; receiving the first return acoustic energy from the first VPS at a plurality of seismic sensors; and determining a parameter of the formation between the first VPS and a location of the seismic sensors using the first return acoustic energy.

SIMULTANEOUS SEISMIC REFRACTION AND TOMOGRAPHY

A data seismic sensing system and method for obtaining seismic refraction data and tomography data. The system may comprise a subsurface sensor array, wherein the subsurface sensor array is a fiber optic cable disposed near a wellbore, a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is a truck-mounted seismic vibrator comprising a base plate, and a surface sensor array, wherein the surface sensor array is coupled to the seismic source. The method may comprise disposing a surface sensor array on a surface, disposing a subsurface sensor array into a wellbore, activating a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is configured to create a seismic wave, recording a reflected seismic wave with the surface sensor array and the subsurface sensor array, and creating a seismic refraction data and a seismic tomography data from the reflected seismic wave.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRE-CORRELATION NOISE ATTENTUATION USING RANDOM SWEEPS IN SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING

A method for attenuating noise in seismic data signals is described wherein seismic signals are transmitted to the ground using a pseudo- random frequency sweep signal. Noise is then attenuated from the resulting, acquired seismic data before performing a process of phase-subtraction, e.g., before correlating or de-convolving the acquired seismic data. In this way, repetitions associated with, for example, diversity stacking techniques can be avoided.

MARINE SEISMIC VIBRATORS AND METHODS OF USE

Embodiments relate to marine seismic vibrators for use in seismic surveying and associated methods of use. An embodiment provides a marine seismic vibrator comprising: a shell having a spring constant selected to provide a first resonance frequency within an operational frequency range of about 1 Hz and about 300 Hz; a driver disposed within the shell and having a first end and a second end; and a spring element coupled to the shell between the first end and the second end of the driver, wherein the spring element has a second mode of oscillation that provides a second resonance frequency within the operational frequency range.

METHOD FOR GENERATING SPREAD SPECTRUM DRIVER SIGNALS FOR A SEISMIC VIBRATOR ARRAY USING MULTIPLE BIPHASE MODULATION OPERATIONS IN EACH DRIVER SIGNAL CHIP

A method for generating seismic energy for subsurface surveying includes operating a first seismic vibrator above an area of the subsurface to be surveyed and operating at least a second seismic vibrator above the area substantially contemporaneously with the operating the first seismic vibrator. The first and the second vibrators each have a different selected frequency response. The first and second vibrators are each operated by a same direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein a different number of modulation operations for each logical value in the direct sequence spread spectrum signal is selected for each vibrator.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS TO SEPARATE SEISMIC DATA ASSOCIATED WITH IMPULSIVE AND NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCES

Processing seismic data acquired using moving non-impulsive sources

Methods for processing seismic data acquired with non-impulsive moving sources are provided. Some methods remove cross-talk noise from the seismic data using emitted signal data and an underground formation's response estimate, which may be iteratively enhanced. Some methods perform resampling before a spatial or a spatio-temporal inversion. Some methods compensate for source's motion during the inversion, and/or are usable for multiple independently moving sources.

Processing seismic data acquired using moving non-impulsive sources

Methods for processing seismic data acquired with non-impulsive moving sources are provided. Some methods remove cross-talk noise from the seismic data using emitted signal data and an underground formation's response estimate, which may be iteratively enhanced. Some methods perform resampling before a spatial or a spatio-temporal inversion. Some methods compensate for source's motion during the inversion, and/or are usable for multiple independently moving sources.

Method for generating spread spectrum driver signals for a seismic vibrator array using multiple biphase modulation operations in each driver signal chip

MULTI-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC INTERROGATION FOR AZIMUTHAL ORIENTATION OF DOWNHOLE TOOLS

An apparatus for detecting a location of an optical fiber having an acoustic sensor disposed subsurface to the earth includes an acoustic emitter configured to emit a first signal having a first frequency and a second signal having a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, the first and second emitted acoustic signals being azimuthally rotated around the borehole and an optical interrogator configured to interrogate the optical fiber to receive an acoustic measurement that provides a corresponding first received signal and a corresponding second received signal. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to (i) frequency-multiply the first received signal to provide a third signal having a third frequency within a selected range of the second frequency, (ii) estimate a phase difference between the second received signal and the third signal, and (iii) correlate the phase difference to the location of the optical fiber.

Sweep signal for combination of a marine non-impulsive source output with a marine impulsive source output

Parameters of a sweep signal that controls operation of a marine non-impulsive source can be set. Setting the parameters can include selecting a stop frequency of the sweep signal, defining a taper of the sweep signal, and adjusting an initial phase of the sweep signal. The parameters can be set such that a magnitude of an amplitude spectrum of a combined output of a marine impulsive source and the marine non-impulsive source is greater than or equal to a magnitude of an amplitude spectrum of a marine impulsive source output at frequencies below the stop frequency. A controller of the marine non-impulsive source can be programmed with the sweep signal having the parameters set to control the marine non-impulsive source.

System and Method for Seismic Surveying Using Distributed Sources

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

Method for generating spread spectrum driver signals for a seismic vibrator array using multiple biphase modulation operations in each driver signal chip

A method for generating seismic energy for subsurface surveying include operating a first seismic vibrator above an area of the subsurface to be surveyed and operating at least a second seismic vibrator above the area substantially contemporaneously with the operating the first seismic vibrator. The first and the second vibrators each have a different selected frequency response. The first and second vibrators each is operated by a same direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein a different number of modulation operations for each logical value in the direct sequence spread spectrum signal is selected for each vibrator.

Method for calibrating the far-field acoustic output of a marine vibrator

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control.

Methods and systems with estimated synchronization between modular downhole logging system modules

A modular downhole logging system includes a transmitter module having a local frequency, wherein the transmitter module transmits interrogation signals into a formation based on the local frequency. The downhole system also includes a receiver module axially-spaced from the transmitter module and that receives response signals corresponding to the interrogation signals, wherein the receiver module includes sampling logic and sync estimation logic. The sync estimation logic is configured to perform sync estimation operations including estimating the local frequency of the transmitter module based on analysis of response signal Fourier transform results corresponding to different frequencies. The sampling logic/clock is configured to sample the response signals based on the estimated local frequency of the transmitter module, wherein a processor derives formation property values using the sampled response signals.

Seismic source and method for intermodulation mitigation

A method for calculating intermodulation noise generated with one or more land seismic sources. The method includes receiving seismic data generated by actuating the one or more land seismic source with a first sweep and a second 5 sweep; calculating with a computing device a first earth response corresponding to the first sweep; calculating with the computing device a second earth response corresponding to the second sweep; and calculating the intermodulation noise based on the first and second earth responses. The second sweep is a time reverse sweep of the first sweep. 2c Figure 6 600 Generate first sweep Fl l602 Generate second sweep F2=Reverse (F1) Apply first and second sweeps to vibrator r606 Record seismic data j Calculate first earth response hiest r610 Calculate first earth response h2 est Estimate noise Remove noise from earth response estimates ...

Method for generating spread spectrum driver signals for a seismic vibrator array using multiple biphase modulation operations in each driver signal chip

Abstract [00101] A method for generating seismic energy for subsurface surveying include operating a first seismic vibrator above an area of the subsurface to be surveyed and operating at least a second seismic vibrator above the area substantially contemporaneously with the operating the first seismic vibrator. The first and the second vibrators each have a different selected frequency response. The first and second vibrators each is operated by a same direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein a different number of modulation operations for each logical value in the direct sequence spread spectrum signal is selected for each vibrator. w sv sv TE s s s s

Control system for marine vibrators to reduce friction effects

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, a control unit provides first input signals to the marine vibrator which include an excitation signal and a high-amplitude, low-frequency signal, the latter is operable to decrease friction effects in the marine vibrator. Furthermore local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator. The control unit is further configured to generate initial values for a transfer function of the marine vibrator based on the measured acoustic output.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEISMIC SURVEYING USING DISTRIBUTED SOURCES

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

método, sistema e meio legível por máquina tangível

Formation measurements using downhole noise sources

Surveying techniques using multiple different types of sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to acquisition and imaging for marine surveys. In some embodiments, a transition survey that uses both one or more sources of a first type (e.g., impulsive sources) and one or more sources of a second type (e.g., vibratory sources) may facilitate calibration of prior surveys that use the first type of sources with subsequent surveys that use the second type of source. In some embodiments, the different types of sources may be operated simultaneously at approximately the same location. In some embodiments, signals generated by the sources are separated, e.g., using deconvolution. The signals may then be compared to generate difference information, which in turn may be used to adjust sensor measurements from a previous or subsequent survey. In various embodiments, the disclosed techniques may improve accuracy in images of geological formations and may facilitate transitions to new types of seismic sources while maintaining continuity in 4D surveys.

Surveying techniques using multiple different types of sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to acquisition and imaging for marine surveys. In some embodiments, a transition survey that uses both one or more sources of a first type (e.g., impulsive sources) and one or more sources of a second type (e.g., vibratory sources) may facilitate calibration of prior surveys that use the first type of sources with subsequent surveys that use the second type of source. In some embodiments, the different types of sources may be operated simultaneously at approximately the same location. In some embodiments, signals generated by the sources are separated, e.g., using deconvolution. The signals may then be compared to generate difference information, which in turn may be used to adjust sensor measurements from a previous or subsequent survey. In various embodiments, the disclosed techniques may improve accuracy in images of geological formations and may facilitate transitions to new types of seismic sources while maintaining continuity in 4D surveys.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS TO SEPARATE SEISMIC DATA ASSOCIATED WITH IMPULSIVE AND NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCES

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources are described. The impulsive and non-impulsive sources may be towed through a body of water by separate survey vessels. Receivers of one or more streamers towed through the body of water above a subterranean formation generate seismic data that represents a reflected wavefield produced by the subterranean formation in response to separate source wavefields generated by simultaneous activation of the impulsive source and the non-impulsive source. Methods and systems include separating the seismic data into impulsive source seismic data associated with the impulsive source and non-impulsive source seismic data associated with the non-impulsive.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS WITH ESTIMATED SYNCHRONIZATION BETWEEN MODULES OF A MODULAR DOWNHOLE LOGGING

Un système modulaire de diagraphie de fond de puits inclut un module émetteur ayant une fréquence locale, dans lequel le module émetteur transmet des signaux d'interrogation dans une formation sur la base de la fréquence locale. Le système de fond de puits inclut également un module récepteur espacé axialement du module émetteur et qui reçoit des signaux de réponse correspondant aux signaux d'interrogation, dans lequel le module récepteur inclut une logique d'échantillonnage et une logique d'estimation de la sync. La logique d'estimation de la sync est configurée pour réaliser des opérations d'estimation de la sync incluant l'estimation de la fréquence locale du module émetteur sur la base de l'analyse des résultats de la transformée de Fourier des signaux de réponse correspondant à différentes fréquences. La logique/horloge d'échantillonnage est configurée pour échantillonner les signaux de réponse sur la base de la fréquence locale estimée du module émetteur, dans laquelle un processeur dérive des valeurs de propriété de la formation en utilisant les signaux de réponse échantillonnés. A downhole well logging system includes a transmitter module having a local frequency, wherein the transmitter module transmits interrogation signals in a formation based on the local frequency. The downhole system also includes a receiver module axially spaced from the transmitter module and receiving response signals corresponding to the interrogation signals, wherein the receiver module includes sampling logic and sync estimation logic. . The sync estimation logic is configured to perform sync estimation operations including estimating the local frequency of the transmitting module based on the analysis of the Fourier transform results of the corresponding response signals. at different frequencies. The logic / sampling clock is configured to sample the response signals based on the estimated local frequency of the transmitter module, wherein a ...

Methods and systems with estimated synchronization between modular downhole logging system modules

A modular downhole logging system includes a transmitter module having a local frequency, wherein the transmitter module transmits interrogation signals into a formation based on the local frequency. The downhole system also includes a receiver module axially-spaced from the transmitter module and that receives response signals corresponding to the interrogation signals, wherein the receiver module includes sampling logic and sync estimation logic. The sync estimation logic is configured to perform sync estimation operations including estimating the local frequency of the transmitter module based on analysis of response signal Fourier transform results corresponding to different frequencies. The sampling logic/clock is configured to sample the response signals based on the estimated local frequency of the transmitter module, wherein a processor derives formation property values using the sampled response signals.

Formation measurements using downhole noise sources

Improved seismic source firing sequence and receiver arrangement

Control system for marine vibrators operating near impulsive seismic signal sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. A sensor is configured to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator along with signal pulses from at least one impulsive seismic signal source. The ILC is disabled when it is determined that the impulsive seismic is active based on the sensor measurements.

Non-impulsive source actuation

Non-impulsive source actuation can include actuating a plurality of non-impulsive sources such that each one of a plurality of common midpoint (CMP) bins receives a desired aggregate signal exposure. Each one of the plurality of non-impulsive sources exposes each one of the plurality of CMP bins to a different part of the desired aggregate signal exposure at different times during the survey.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS TO SEPARATE SEISMIC DATA ASSOCIATED WITH IMPULSIVE AND NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCES

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources are described. The impulsive and non-impulsive sources may be towed through a body of water by separate survey vessels. Receivers of one or more streamers towed through the body of water above a subterranean formation generate seismic data that represents a reflected wavefield produced by the subterranean formation in response to separate source wavefields generated by simultaneous activation of the impulsive source and the non-impulsive source. Methods and systems include separating the seismic data into impulsive source seismic data associated with the impulsive source and non-impulsive source seismic data associated with the non-impulsive.

INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY MODULATION ACQUISITION SCHEME FOR SEISMIC SOURCES

Computing device, computer software and methods for generating sweep signals corresponding to plural sources that generate seismic waves. The method includes selecting (502) a nominal sweep signal (S0); applying (512) a perturbation (P) to the nominal sweep signal (S0); and calculating (518) the sweep signals (Sn) by varying the perturbation (P), each sweep signal corresponding to a seismic source.

GROUND INVESTIGATION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE

The present invention relates to a ground investigation system for a vehicle, and a method thereof. The present invention comprises: a GPS receiver receiving a GPS signal; radar generating scan data inside the ground using electromagnetic waves; a first control unit inputting the GPS signal and the scan data to generate a first data; and a first storage unit in which the first data can be stored. Therefore, the present invention can investigate an internal state of the ground while moving in the vehicle, thereby automatically storing and managing a result therefrom. As a result, the internal state of the ground in many regions can be checked with comparatively few people in a short period of time. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018 ...

VIBRATOR SOURCE ARRAY BEAM-FORMING AND METHOD

There is a method for finding a best distribution of source elements that form a vibratory source array. The method includes inputting (2500) plural constraints for the source elements; generating (2502) plural distributions of the source elements that fulfill the plural constraints; calculating (2504) for each distribution a performance index characterizing the source array; and selecting (2506) the best distribution from the plural distributions based on a value of the performance index.

POSITIONING ASSISTANCE SYSTEM FOR A VIBRATOR TRUCK AND CORRESPONDING VIBRATOR TRUCK AND METHOD

Multi-frequency acoustic interrogation for azimuthal orientation of downhole tools

Multi-frequency acoustic interrogation for azimuthal orientation of downhole tools

An apparatus for detecting a location of an optical fiber having an acoustic sensor disposed subsurface to the earth includes an acoustic emitter configured to emit a first signal having a first frequency and a second signal having a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, the first and second emitted acoustic signals being azimuthally rotated around the borehole and an optical interrogator configured to interrogate the optical fiber to receive an acoustic measurement that provides a corresponding first received signal and a corresponding second received signal. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to (i) frequency-multiply the first received signal to provide a third signal having a third frequency within a selected range of the second frequency, (ii) estimate a phase difference between the second received signal and the third signal, and (iii) correlate the phase difference to the location of the optical fiber.

System and method for seismic surveying using distributed sources

... [0033] Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed. 4 r1 14 10 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 10 -14a g10 10 r 12 r 12 4 1-12 16 (12 8 (12 r 12 (12 010 f 14b 10 10 ...

Control system for marine vibrators operating near impulsive seismic signal sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. A sensor is configured to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator along with signal pulses from at least one impulsive seismic signal source. The ILC is disabled when it is determined that the impulsive seismic is active based on the sensor measurements.

Methods and systems with estimated synchronization between modular downhole logging system modules

Non-impulsive source actuation

METHODS AND SYSTEMS TO SEPARATE SEISMIC DATA ASSOCIATED WITH IMPULSIVE AND NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCES

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources are described. The impulsive and non-impulsive sources may be towed through a body of water by separate survey vessels. Receivers of one or more streamers towed through the body of water above a subterranean formation generate seismic data that represents a reflected wavefield produced by the subterranean formation in response to separate source wavefields generated by simultaneous activation of the impulsive source and the non-impulsive source. Methods and systems include separating the seismic data into impulsive source seismic data associated with the impulsive source and non-impulsive source seismic data associated with the non-impulsive.

Processing seismic data acquired using moving non-impulsive sources

Surveying techniques using multiple different types of sources

Geometrical distribution for non-impulsive sources

Seismic source and method for single sweep intermodulation mitigation

A method for calculating intermodulation noise generated with one or more land seismic sources. The method includes receiving seismic data (g) generated by actuating the one or more land seismic source with a single sweep; selecting a 5 number of detectors (a-f) that detect a subset (ga-gf) of the seismic data (g); estimating earth responses (hal-hfl) based on (i) the subset seismic data (ga-gf) and (ii) a ground force (gf) of the one or more land seismic source; calculating plural intermodulation noises (noiseAl-noiseF1) for the number of detectors based on the earth responses (hal-hfl); and removing the plural intermodulation noises (noiseAl 10 noiseF1) from corresponding detector signals (ga-gf) to mitigate the intermodulation noise effect. Figure 3 300 Select model FFT ground force and receiver data Compute earth impulse responses from source to receivers Calculate time domain earth responses I Window earth responses I FFT windowed earth responses I Calculate NA1..NF1 (the transfer ...

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources are described. The impulsive and non-impulsive sources may be towed through a body of water by separate survey vessels. Receivers of one or more streamers towed through the body of water above a subterranean formation generate seismic data that represents a reflected wavefield produced by the subterranean formation in response to separate source wavefields generated by simultaneous activation of the impulsive source and the non-impulsive source. Methods and systems include separating the seismic data into impulsive source seismic data associated with the impulsive source and non-impulsive source seismic data associated with the non-impulsive.

System and method for seismic surveying using distributed sources

HIGH-PRODUCTIVITY SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION USING CALENDAR-TIME-BASED SWEEP INITIATION

A method for actuating plural sets of vibratory seismic sources. The method includes calculating, at a controller, a continuous signal Cn that is made as a periodic repetition of a template pn, wherein the template pn includes a swept-frequency signal; receiving a subset duration time Lsub; receiving a tapering function W having a time length of Lsub; receiving a calendar time tsweep; computing, at the controller, a product Sn of a subset of the continuous signal Cn and the tapering function W, wherein the subset of the continuous signal Cn starts at the calendar time tsweep and lasts for the duration time Lsub; and actuating a set n of the plural sets of vibratory sources at the calendar time tsweep, wherein each vibratory source of the set n of vibratory sources is actuated based on the product Sn.

Noise removal for distributed acoustic sensing data

An example system for noise removal in distributed acoustic sensing data may include a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data collection system and an information handling system coupled thereto. The information handling system may receive seismic information from the DAS data collection system. The seismic information may include seismic traces associated with a plurality of depths in the wellbore. The information handling system may also generate a noise pilot trace by stacking one or more of the seismic traces, and subtract the noise pilot trace from the seismic information received from the DAS data collection system.

Geometrical distribution for non-impulsive sources

A proposed geometrical distribution for a first non-impulsive source and a second non-impulsive source of a source array can be received. A near-field-to-notional computation can be performed for the proposed geometrical distribution to yield a respective computed notional output of the first and second non-impulsive sources. Whether the computed notional output of the first non-impulsive source has a first amount of residue greater than a threshold amount of residue can be determined. Whether the computed notional output of the second non-impulsive source has a second amount of residue greater than the threshold amount of residue can be determined. An indication whether either of the first or second amounts of residue is less than or equal to the threshold amount of residue can be provided

Marine seismic vibrators and methods of use

... [0077] Embodiments relate to marine seismic vibrators for use in seismic surveying and associated methods of use. An embodiment provides a marine seismic vibrator comprising: a shell having a spring constant selected to provide a first resonance frequency within an operational frequency range of about 1 Hz and about 300 Hz; a driver disposed within the shell and having a first end and a second end; and a spring element coupled to the shell between the first end and the second end of the driver, wherein the spring element has a second mode of oscillation that provides a second resonance frequency within the operational frequency range.

MULTI-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC INTERROGATION FOR AZIMUTHAL ORIENTATION OF DOWNHOLE TOOLS

An apparatus for detecting a location of an optical fiber having an acoustic sensor disposed subsurface to the earth includes an acoustic emitter configured to emit a first signal having a first frequency and a second signal having a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, the first and second emitted acoustic signals being azimuthally rotated around the borehole and an optical interrogator configured to interrogate the optical fiber to receive an acoustic measurement that provides a corresponding first received signal and a corresponding second received signal. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to (i) frequency-multiply the first received signal to provide a third signal having a third frequency within a selected range of the second frequency, (ii) estimate a phase difference between the second received signal and the third signal, and (iii) correlate the phase difference to the location of the optical fiber. 16. An apparatus for detecting a location of an optical fiber () having an acoustic sensor disposed subsurface to the earth , the apparatus characterized by:{'b': '2', 'a carrier configured to be conveyed in a borehole () penetrating the earth;'}{'b': 16', '16', '2, 'an acoustic emitter () disposed on the carrier and configured to emit a first emitted acoustic signal having a first frequency and a second emitted acoustic signal having a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, wherein the carrier and/or the acoustic emitter () are configured such that the first and second emitted acoustic signals are azimuthally rotated around the borehole ();'}{'b': 8', '6', '16, 'an optical interrogator () configured to interrogate the optical fiber () to receive an acoustic measurement that provides a first received signal in response to the first emitted acoustic signal and a second received signal in response to the second emitted acoustic signal, the acoustic measurement being performed by the acoustic sensor at a depth ...

Positioning assistance system for a vibrator truck and corresponding vibrator truck and method

It is proposed a positioning assistance system for a vibrator truck, that is configured to determine a vibration point distance between the vibrator truck and the vibration point location; determine a stopping distance for stopping the vibrator truck at a vibration point location, according to a determined current speed of the vibrator truck and according to a speed profile; determine a time for stopping the vibrator truck at the vibration point location according to the current speed of the vibrator truck, when the stopping distance corresponds to said vibration point distance; and trigger the lifting down of the baseplate of the vibratory system, when at least the following condition is met: said stopping time is inferior or equal to a time for lifting down the vibratory system to the ground. Corresponding vibrator truck and method are also proposed.

Continuous resonance marine vibrator

The disclosure herein generally relates to a device for use in marine seismic surveying. A displacement apparatus has a base and an actuated head. The actuated head is coupled to an actuation means comprising a shaft, a cam, and a motor. The cam is coupled to the shaft at a radial position from the center of the cam. A vacuum piston is optionally coupled to the actuation means. A variable resonance spring, such as an air spring, is coupled to the actuated head in order to tune the apparatus to operate in resonance at a range of frequencies. cod f/-D ...

Onshore separated wave-field imaging

A method for applying separated wave-field imaging onshore (1) by artificially creating up-going and down-going fields and (2) by using these fields in a migration algorithm. If there are any surface multiples in the data, the resulting image created using the migration algorithm will be distorted by the unknown free-surface reflection coefficient. In fact, the surface multiples may be generated with a complex series of reflection coefficients. The distortions found in the resulting image created using the migration algorithm are then removed.

Survey method, seismic vibrator, and survey system

A survey method includes generating a first amplitude modulation signal by amplitude-modulating a carrier wave repeating the same pattern at a predetermined cycle in each of a plurality of vibrators with a modulation signal whose cycle is 1/m times the predetermined period and is different for each of the vibrators, transmitting the seismic wave based on the first amplitude modulation signal, generating a second amplitude modulation signal in one or more receivers, the second amplitude modulation signal being identical to the first amplitude modulation signal generated by any one of the seismic vibrators, generating a reception signal in each of the one or more receivers by receiving a synthetic seismic wave in which the seismic waves generated by the seismic vibrators are synthesized, calculating a correlation value between the reception signal and the second amplitude modulation signal, and analyzing characteristics of the medium on the basis of the correlation value.

Marine Seismic Vibrators and Methods of Use

Embodiments relate to marine seismic vibrators and associated methods of use. An embodiment provides a marine seismic vibrator comprising: a shell comprising endbeams and shell side portions coupled to the endbeams, wherein each of the shell side portions has a midline between the endbeams, wherein each of the shell side portions has a thinner portion at the midline to force each of the shell side portions to bend at the midline; a driver disposed within the shell; and a pair of spring elements disposed within the shell on either side of the driver, wherein the pair of spring elements are coupled to the driver and to the shell such that movement of the driver is transferred to the shell by way of the spring elements, wherein the pair of spring elements have a second mode of oscillation that provides a second resonance frequency within the operational frequency range. 1. A marine seismic vibrator comprising:a shell comprising endbeams and shell side portions coupled to the endbeams, wherein each of the shell side portions has a midline between the endbeams, wherein each of the shell side portions has a thinner portion at the midline to force each of the shell side portions to bend at the midline;a driver disposed within the shell; anda pair of spring elements disposed within the shell on either side of the driver, wherein the pair of spring elements are coupled to the driver and to the shell such that movement of the driver is transferred to the shell by way of the spring elements, wherein the pair of spring elements have a second mode of oscillation that provides a second resonance frequency within the operational frequency range.2. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 1 , wherein the shell side portions are hingedly coupled to the endbeams.3. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 1 , wherein the pair of spring elements are hingedly coupled to the endbeams.4. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 1 , wherein the first resonance frequency of the marine seismic vibrator ...

Systems and methods for analyzing casing bonding in a well using differential sensing

Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for isolation detection. In one implementation, an acoustic signal is obtained. The acoustic signal is captured at a set of acoustic receivers deployed in a structure in a subterranean surface. A differential acoustic signal is produced from the acoustic signal captured at the set of acoustic receivers. A symmetry within a portion of the structure is determined based on a value of the differential acoustic signal. At least one isolation region is detected within the structure based on the symmetry.

Systems and methods for detection of well properties

Methods comprising electronically receiving information of a reflection of a known first sound pulse, electronically receiving information of a reflection of a known second sound pulse, determining, by a processor, a change in a first property between a known first sound pulse and a reflection of the known first sound pulse, determining, by the processor, a change in a second property between a known second sound pulse and a reflection of the known second sound pulse, comparing, by the processor, the change in the first property of the first known sound pulse with the change in the second property of the second known sound pulse, and determining, by the processor, a condition of a well in response to the comparison of the change of the first property with the change of the second property are disclosed. Systems for determining a condition of a well are also disclosed.

Heterogeneous subsurface imaging systems and methods

A system for near-surface subsurface imaging for detecting and characterizing subsurface heterogeneities comprises a non-contact acoustic source that senses a plurality of acoustic waves that travel through a surface; an instrument that outputs probing electromagnetic signals through the surface that interact and are affected by scattered signals of the acoustic waves and further senses vibrational modes of a subsurface below the surface; an imaging device that dynamically generates a time sequence of images of properties of the acoustic waves and maps elastic wave fields of the acoustic waves; and a processor that analyzes dynamic multi-wave data of the images to quantify spatial variations in the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the subsurface.

Marine Seismic Vibrators and Methods of Use

Embodiments relate to marine seismic vibrators for use in seismic surveying and associated methods of use. An embodiment provides a marine seismic vibrator comprising: a shell having a spring constant selected to provide a first resonance frequency within an operational frequency range of about 1 Hz and about 300 Hz; a driver disposed within the shell and having a first end and a second end; and a spring element coupled to the shell between the first end and the second end of the driver, wherein the spring element has a second mode of oscillation that provides a second resonance frequency within the operational frequency range.

System and Method for Seismic Surveying Using Distributed Sources

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

Quality control for broadband sweeps

A method for determining a quality control quantity corresponding to energy provided by a seismic source and related devices are provided. The method includes determining an envelope of a pilot signal associated with the seismic source; measuring a source signal of the energy provided by the seismic source; normalizing the pilot signal and the source signal using the determined envelope; and determining, in a processor, the quality control quantity using the normalized pilot signal and the normalized source signal. A control mechanism configured to implement the method includes a storage device holding data of a pilot signal associated with the seismic source; and a processor connected to the storage device and configured to carry out the method steps. A computer-readable medium having instructions to carry out steps of the method is also provided.

POSITIONING ASSISTANCE SYSTEM FOR A VIBRATOR TRUCK AND CORRESPONDING VIBRATOR TRUCK AND METHOD

It is proposed a positioning assistance system for a vibrator truck, that is configured to determine a vibration point distance between the vibrator truck and the vibration point location; determine a stopping distance for stopping the vibrator truck at a vibration point location, according to a determined current speed of the vibrator truck and according to a speed profile; determine a time for stopping the vibrator truck at the vibration point location according to the current speed of the vibrator truck, when the stopping distance corresponds to said vibration point distance; and trigger the lifting down of the baseplate of the vibratory system, when at least the following condition is met: said stopping time is inferior or equal to a time for lifting down the vibratory system to the ground. Corresponding vibrator truck and method are also proposed. 1. A positioning assistance system for a vibrator truck , said vibrator truck comprising:a vibratory system comprising a vibratory part and a baseplate used to transmit vibrations generated by the vibratory part through the ground;a lift system for lifting up and down the vibratory system,wherein the positioning assistance system is configured to:determine a vibration point distance between the vibrator truck and a vibration point location;determine a stopping distance for stopping the vibrator truck at the vibration point location, according to a determined current speed of the vibrator truck and according to a speed profile;determine a time for stopping the vibrator truck at the vibration point location according to the current speed of the vibrator truck, when the stopping distance corresponds to said vibration point distance;trigger the lifting down of the baseplate of the vibratory system, when at least the following condition is met: said stopping time is inferior or equal to a time for lifting down the vibratory system to the ground.2. The positioning assistance system according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Systems and methods for pre-correlation noise attentuation using random sweeps in seismic data processing

A method for attenuating noise in seismic data signals is described wherein seismic signals are transmitted using a pseudo-random frequency sweep signal. Noise is then attenuated from the resulting, acquired seismic data on pre-phase subtraction basis, e.g., before correlating or de-convolving the acquired seismic data. In this way, repetitions associated with, for example, diversity stacking techniques can be avoided.

Low-frequency lorentz marine seismic source

This disclosure is related to marine seismic sources, for example marine seismic sources known in the art as benders. Some embodiments of this disclosure use Lorentz forces to produce seismic energy. For example, magnets and wire coils may be attached to one or more plates of a marine seismic source, and the Lorentz interaction between them may cause deformation of the plates to produce seismic energy. Such marine seismic sources may be components of a marine seismic survey system, and may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. Methods of making marine seismic sources are also disclosed.

Spatial Sampling Improvements and the Formation of Arrays Using Popcorn and Simultaneous Source Acquisition

So-called “Popcorn shooting”, and especially continuous Popcorn shooting, combined with simultaneous source shooting allows considerable flexibility in producing high-resolution data and in creating source arrays. Using a combination of simultaneous source de-blending and Popcorn reconstruction it is possible to construct using post acquisition processing arrays of any desired length by constructing a popcorn pattern that takes into account the vessel speed and physical arrangement of guns behind the towing vessel. 1. A method of seismic exploration above a region of the subsurface of the earth containing structural or stratigraphic features conducive to the presence , migration , or accumulation of hydrocarbons , wherein is provided a seismic array towed proximate to the region of the subsurface of the earth , said seismic array comprising a plurality of marine seismic sources organized into a plurality of subarrays , each of said subarrays having one or more of said marine seismic sources associated therewith , the method comprising:(a) providing a different shooting schedule for each of said plurality of subarrays;(b) recording seismic data as each of said plurality of subarrays is activated according to said provided shooting schedule;(c) choosing a shot point interval;(d) identifying any seismic traces within said recorded seismic data corresponding to said chosen shot point interval; {'br': None, 'i': 'd=Am,'}, '(e) reconstructing said any identified seismic traces into a plurality of seismic data traces by solving a system of equations represented by'}where m is said plurality of seismic data traces, d is said any identified seismic traces, and A, is a set of Popcorn signatures corresponding to said shooting schedule; and,(f) using said plurality of seismic data traces to image at least a portion of the subsurface of the earth.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said plurality of subarrays comprises a single one of said plurality of marine ...

INLINE SOURCE

An inline source can be used for a marine survey. For example, a marine survey vessel can tow source units in line. The source units can be actuated near-continuously to cause a respective signal emitted by each of the source units to be uncorrelated with signals emitted by other of the source units. 1. A method , comprising:towing, by a marine survey vessel, a plurality of source units in line; andactuating the plurality of source units near-continuously to cause a respective signal emitted by each of the plurality of source units to be uncorrelated with signals emitted by other source units of the plurality of source units.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of source units comprises a respective single source element.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein towing the plurality of source units in line comprises towing a first plurality of source units in line;wherein actuating the first plurality of source units near-continuously comprises causing a respective signal emitted by each of the first plurality of source units to be uncorrelated with signals emitted by other source units of the first plurality of source units; and towing a second plurality of source units in line in a different crossline position than the first plurality of source units; and', 'actuating the second plurality of source units near-continuously to cause a respective signal emitted by each of the second plurality of source units to be uncorrelated with signals emitted by other source units of the second plurality of source units., 'wherein the method further comprises4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising actuating each of the plurality of source units randomly according to an orthogonal sequence.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein actuating the plurality of source units comprises causing the respective signal emitted by each of the plurality of source units to have a random phase spectrum.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein actuating the plurality of source units ...

Simultaneous Seismic Refraction And Tomography

A data seismic sensing system and method for obtaining seismic refraction data and tomography data. The system may comprise a subsurface sensor array, wherein the subsurface sensor array is a fiber optic cable disposed near a wellbore, a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is a truck-mounted seismic vibrator comprising a base plate, and a surface sensor array, wherein the surface sensor array is coupled to the seismic source. The method may comprise disposing a surface sensor array on a surface, disposing a subsurface sensor array into a wellbore, activating a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is configured to create a seismic wave, recording a reflected seismic wave with the surface sensor array and the subsurface sensor array, and creating a seismic refraction data and a seismic tomography data from the reflected seismic wave.

Control system for marine vibrators operating near impulsive seismic signal sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. A sensor is configured to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator along with signal pulses from at least one impulsive seismic signal source. The ILC is disabled when it is determined that the impulsive seismic is active based on the sensor measurements.

LEAK LOCALIZATION USING ACOUSTIC-SIGNAL CORRELATIONS

Disclosed are acoustic logging systems and methods that involve correlating broadband acoustic signals acquired by a plurality of acoustic sensors at multiple depths within a wellbore to compute covariance matrices and their eigenvalues in the frequency domain for a plurality of frequency bins. In accordance with various embodiments, acoustic sources are detected and located based on the eigenvalues viewed as a function of depth and frequency. 1. A method , comprising: using an acoustic logging tool disposed in the wellbore at the respective depth to acquire broadband acoustic signals with an array of sensors;', 'correlating the acoustic signals acquired by the sensors in the frequency domain by computing covariance matrices from the acoustic signals for each of a plurality of frequency bins within a frequency range covered by the broadband acoustic signals;', 'computing eigenvalues of the covariance matrices; and, 'for a plurality of depths along a wellbore,'}determining a depth along the wellbore of an acoustic source based on the eigenvalues computed for the plurality of frequency bins and the plurality of depths.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth of the acoustic source is determined based on ratios of eigenvalues computed for the plurality of frequency bins and the plurality of depths.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ratios of eigenvalues are condition numbers.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ratios of eigenvalues are eigenratios.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth of the acoustic source is determined based on maximum eigenvalues computed for the plurality of frequency bins and the plurality of depths.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising Fourier-transforming the acquired broadband acoustic signals claim 1 , the covariance matrices being computed from signal values of the Fourier-transformed signals in the plurality of frequency bins.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising dividing a total measurement interval ...

NON-IMPULSIVE SOURCE ACTUATION

Non-impulsive source actuation can include actuating a plurality of non-impulsive sources such that each one of a plurality of common midpoint (CMP) bins receives a desired aggregate signal exposure. Each one of the plurality of non-impulsive sources exposes each one of the plurality of CMP bins to a different part of the desired aggregate signal exposure at different times during the survey. 1. A method of performing a marine seismic survey , comprising: 'wherein each one of the plurality of non-impulsive sources exposes each one of the plurality of CMP bins to a different part of the desired aggregate signal exposure at different times during the survey.', 'actuating a plurality of non-impulsive sources such that each one of a plurality of common midpoint (CMP) bins receives a desired aggregate signal exposure,'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired aggregate signal exposure comprises a frequency band claim 1 , and the different parts comprise subsets of the frequency band.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising spacing the plurality of non-impulsive sources apart in an in-line direction such that each one of the plurality of non-impulsive sources contributes different parts of the frequency band as it passes over each one of the plurality of CMP bins.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein each of the plurality of CMP bins has an in-line dimension claim 3 , and wherein spacing the plurality of non-impulsive sources apart comprises spacing each one of the plural non-impulsive sources from its nearest neighbor by a distance that corresponds to the in-line dimension of one of the plurality of CMP bins.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein actuating the plurality of non-impulsive sources comprises actuating the plurality of non-impulsive sources when they are arranged in an in-line direction.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising actuating the plurality of non-impulsive sources such that each one of the plurality of CMP bins is exposed to each one of a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTION OF WELL PROPERTIES

Methods comprising electronically receiving information of a reflection of a known first sound pulse, electronically receiving information of a reflection of a known second sound pulse, determining, by a processor, a change in a first property between a known first sound pulse and a reflection of the known first sound pulse, determining, by the processor, a change in a second property between a known second sound pulse and a reflection of the known second sound pulse, comparing, by the processor, the change in the first property of the first known sound pulse with the change in the second property of the second known sound pulse, and determining, by the processor, a condition of a well in response to the comparison of the change of the first property with the change of the second property are disclosed. Systems for determining a condition of a well are also disclosed. 1. (canceled)2. A method for operating a processing system to determine a first property of a well , optionally a depth of the well , comprising:receiving, by the processing system, acoustic reflection information, wherein the acoustic reflection information is representative of echos received from the well in response to a plurality of acoustic pulses applied to the well, and wherein the plurality of acoustic pulses include multiple frequencies;identifying, by the processing system from the acoustic reflection information, for each of the multiple frequencies, a frequency set of one or more return readings, wherein each return reading includes information representative of a time of flight (TOF) and attenuation with respect to an associated acoustic pulse applied to the well;identifying, by the processing system from the frequency sets of return readings, TOF clusters of the return readings, wherein the return readings of the TOF clusters may be characteristic of the first property of the well; anddetermining, by the processing system, a confidence measure for each TOF cluster of each frequency set, ...

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources.

Se describen métodos y sistemas para separar datos sísmicos asociados con fuentes impulsivas y no impulsivas; las fuentes impulsivas y no impulsivas se pueden remolcar a través de un cuerpo de agua caliente mediante embarcaciones de levantamiento separadas; receptores de uno o más cables sísmicos marinos remolcados a través del cuerpo de agua por encima de una formación subterránea generan datos sísmicos que representan un campo ondulatorio reflejado que se produce mediante la formación subterránea en respuesta a campos ondulatorios de fuente separados que se generan mediante la activación simultánea de la fuente impulsiva y la fuente no impulsiva; los métodos y los sistemas incluyen separar los datos sísmicos en datos sísmicos de fuente impulsiva asociados con los datos sísmicos de fuente impulsiva y de fuente no impulsiva asociados con la fuente no impulsiva.

System and method for seismic surveying using distributed sources

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system (2) comprises: a survey vessel (4); a plurality of seismic sources (10) configured to be towed by the survey vessel (4), wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers (12) configured to be towed.

processes and systems for separating seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources

a presente invenção refere-se a métodos e sistemas para separar dados sísmicos, associados com fontes impulsiva e não impulsiva. as fontes impulsiva e não impulsiva podem ser rebocadas por um corpo aquoso por embarcações de levantamento separadas. os receptores de uma ou mais bandeirolas, rebocadas pelo corpo aquoso acima de uma formação subterrânea, geram dados sísmicos, que representam um campo de ondas refletido, produzido pela formação subterrânea, em resposta aos campos de ondas de fontes separados, gerados por ativação simultânea da formação subterrânea e da fonte não impulsiva. os métodos e os sistemas incluem a separação dos dados sísmicos em dados sísmicos de fonte impulsiva, associados com a fonte impulsiva, e dados sísmicos de fonte não impulsiva, associados com a fonte não impulsiva. The present invention relates to methods and systems for separating seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources. impulsive and non-impulsive sources may be towed by an aqueous body by separate lifting vessels. receivers of one or more flags, towed by the water body above an underground formation, generate seismic data, which represents a reflected wave field, produced by the underground formation, in response to separate source wave fields generated by the simultaneous activation of the underground formation and non-impulsive source. The methods and systems include the separation of seismic data into impulsive source seismic data associated with the impulsive source and non-impulsive source seismic data associated with the non impulsive source.

Steerable marine geophysical source

A method for geophysical source steering including towing (610) a first geophysical source through a body of water; and adjusting (620) a first steering parameter of the first geophysical source while towing the first geophysical source. An apparatus for geophysical source steering including a first marine vibrator source having a first housing structure; a first vibrational surface (110) functionally coupled to the first housing structure such that at least a portion of the first vibrational surface can vibrate relative to the first housing structure; and first steering control equipment.

Steerable marine geophysical source

A method for geophysical source steering including towing a first geophysical source through a body of water; and adjusting a first steering parameter of the first geophysical source while towing the first geophysical source. An apparatus for geophysical source steering including a first marine vibrator source having a first housing structure; a first vibrational surface functionally coupled to the first housing structure such that at least a portion of the first vibrational surface can vibrate relative to the first housing structure; and first steering control equipment.

System and Method for Seismic Surveying Using Distributed Sources

本发明公开了用于使用被分布在间隔开的位置处的电力推动的地震源的海洋勘测的方法和系统。在一个示例中，海洋地震勘测系统包括：勘测船舶；被配置以由所述勘测船舶所拖曳的多个地震源，其中所述地震源被电力推动并且以大约50米或更多的间隔被分布在勘测船舶后方被间隔开的位置处；以及被配置以被拖曳的多个传感器拖缆。

method for performing downhole measurements, acoustic system, and acoustic tool

1 / 1 resumo “mã‰todo para realizar mediã‡ã•es de fundo de poã‡o, sistema acãšstico, e, ferramenta acãšstica” uma ferramenta, sistema e mã©todo acãºstico para realizar mediã§ãµes de fundo de poã§o. uma sequãªncia de pulso codificado ã© transmitida de uma ferramenta acãºstica. as primeiras reflexãµes sã£o recebidas das sequãªncias de pulsos codificados. as primeiras reflexãµes da sequãªncia de pulso codificado sã£o identificadas de um nãºmero de reflexãµes da sequãªncia de pulso codificado. as mediã§ãµes sã£o realizadas utilizando as primeiras reflexãµes da sequãªncia de pulso codificado. outros sistemas e mã©todos sã£o apresentados. 1 / 1 abstract “method to perform bottom-hole measurements, acoustic system, and acoustic tool†a tool, system and acoustic method to perform measurements well bottoms. a coded pulse sequence is transmitted from an acoustic tool. the first reflections are received from the encoded pulse sequences. the first reflections of the coded pulse sequence are identified from a number of reflections of the coded pulse sequence. measurements are performed using the first reflections of the encoded pulse sequence. other systems and methods are presented.

Low-frequency Lorentz force based marine seismic source

This disclosure is related to marine seismic sources, for example marine seismic sources known in the art as benders. Some embodiments of this disclosure use Lorentz forces to produce seismic energy. For example, magnets (210) and wire coils (260) may be attached to one or more plates of a marine seismic source, and the Lorentz interaction between them may cause deformation of the plates to produce seismic energy. Such marine seismic sources may be components of a marine seismic survey system, and may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. Methods of making marine seismic sources are also disclosed.

Quality control for broadband seismic sweeps

A method for determining a quality control quantity corresponding to energy provided by a seismic source and related devices are provided. The method includes determining (210) an envelope of a pilot signal associated with the seismic source; measuring (220) a source signal of the energy provided by the seismic source; normalizing (230) the pilot signal and the source signal using the determined envelope; and determining (240), in a processor, the quality control quantity using the normalized pilot signal and the normalized source signal. A control mechanism configured to implement the method includes a storage device holding data of a pilot signal associated with the seismic source; and a processor connected to the storage device and configured to carry out the method steps. A computer-readable medium having instructions to carry out steps of the method is also provided.

Methods and Systems with Estimated Synchronization Between Modular Downhole Logging System Modules

Randomizing sweeps in a marine survey

Processes and systems described herein are directed to performing marine surveys with a moving vibrational source that emits a continuous source wavefield into a body of water above a subterranean formation. The continuous source wavefield is formed from multiple sweeps in which each sweep is emitted from the moving vibrational source into the body of water with a randomized phase and/or with a randomized sweep duration. Reflections from the subterranean formation are continuously recorded in seismic data as the moving vibrational source travels above the subterranean formation. Processes and systems include iteratively deconvolving the source wavefield from the continuously recorded seismic data to obtain an earth response in the common receiver domain with little to no harmful effects from spatial aliasing and residual crosstalk noise. The earth response may be processed to generate an image of the subterranean formation.

Low-frequency Lorentz marine seismic source

This disclosure is related to marine seismic sources, for example marine seismic sources known in the art as benders. Some embodiments of this disclosure use Lorentz forces to produce seismic energy. For example, magnets and wire coils may be attached to one or more plates of a marine seismic source, and the Lorentz interaction between them may cause deformation of the plates to produce seismic energy. Such marine seismic sources may be components of a marine seismic survey system, and may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. Methods of making marine seismic sources are also disclosed.

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources are described. The impulsive and non-impulsive sources may be towed through a body of water by separate survey vessels. Receivers of one or more streamers towed through the body of water above a subterranean formation generate seismic data that represents a reflected wavefield produced by the subterranean formation in response to separate source wavefields generated by simultaneous activation of the impulsive source and the non-impulsive source. Methods and systems include separating the seismic data into impulsive source seismic data associated with the impulsive source and non-impulsive source seismic data associated with the non-impulsive.

Leak localization using acoustic-signal correlations

Control system for marine vibrators operating near impulsive seismic signal sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. A sensor is configured to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator along with signal pulses from at least one impulsive seismic signal source. The ILC is disabled when it is determined that the impulsive seismic is active based on the sensor measurements.

Downhole seismic sensing synchronization systems and methods

whether a synchronization variation is expected to be present based at least in part on the first reference transit time and the first subsequent transit time.

Method for generating spread spectrum driver signals for a seismic vibrator array using multiple biphase modulation operations in each driver signal chip

A method for generating seismic energy for subsurface surveying include operating a first seismic vibrator above an area of the subsurface to be surveyed and operating at least a second seismic vibrator above the area substantially contemporaneously with the operating the first seismic vibrator. The first and the second vibrators each have a different selected frequency response. The first and second vibrators each is operated by a same direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein a different number of modulation operations for each logical value in the direct sequence spread spectrum signal is selected for each vibrator.

Methods and systems to separate seismic data associated with impulsive and non-impulsive sources.

Se describen métodos y sistemas para separar datos sísmicos asociados con fuentes impulsivas y no impulsivas; las fuentes impulsivas y no impulsivas se pueden remolcar a través de un cuerpo de agua caliente mediante embarcaciones de levantamiento separadas; receptores de uno o más cables sísmicos marinos remolcados a través del cuerpo de agua por encima de una formación subterránea generan datos sísmicos que representan un campo ondulatorio reflejado que se produce mediante la formación subterránea en respuesta a campos ondulatorios de fuente separados que se generan mediante la activación simultánea de la fuente impulsiva y la fuente no impulsiva; los métodos y los sistemas incluyen separar los datos sísmicos en datos sísmicos de fuente impulsiva asociados con los datos sísmicos de fuente impulsiva y de fuente no impulsiva asociados con la fuente no impulsiva.

Instantaneous frequency modulation acquisition scheme for seismic sources

Computing device, computer software and methods for generating sweep signals corresponding to plural sources that generate seismic waves. The method includes selecting (502) a nominal sweep signal (S0); applying (512) a perturbation (P) to the nominal sweep signal (S0); and calculating (518) the sweep signals (Sn) by varying the perturbation (P), each sweep signal corresponding to a seismic source.

System and method for the seismic survey using distributed source

本发明公开了用于使用被分布在间隔开的位置处的电力推动的地震源的海洋勘测的方法和系统。在一个示例中，海洋地震勘测系统包括：勘测船舶；被配置以由所述勘测船舶所拖曳的多个地震源，其中所述地震源被电力推动并且以大约50米或更多的间隔被分布在勘测船舶后方被间隔开的位置处；以及被配置以被拖曳的多个传感器拖缆。

Generate the method for the spread-spectrum driver signal being used for seismic vibrator array

本发明涉及生成用于地震振动器阵列的扩展频谱驱动器信号的方法。一种生成用于地下勘测的地震能量的方法，包括：在要被勘测的地下区域上方操作第一地震振动器；以及基本上与操作所述第一地震振动器同时地在所述区域上方操作至少第二地震振动器。所述第一和第二振动器每个都具有所选择的不同频率响应。所述第一和第二振动器每个都由相同的直接序列扩展频谱信号操作，其中为每个振动器选择对于直接序列扩展频谱信号中的每个逻辑值的不同数目的调制操作。

Marine seismic vibrators and methods of use

Embodiments relate to marine seismic vibrators (10) for use in seismic surveying and associated methods of use. An embodiment provides a marine seismic vibrator (10) comprising: a shell (26) having a spring constant selected to provide a first resonance frequency within an operational frequency range of about 1 Hz and about 300 Hz; a driver disposed within the shell (26) and having a first end and a second end; and a spring element ( 46) coupled to the shell (26) between the first end and the second end of the driver, wherein the spring element (46) has a second mode of oscillation that provides a second resonance frequency within the operational frequency range.

non-impulsive source drive

A presente invenção refere-se ao acionamento de fonte do tipo não impulsiva que pode incluir acionar uma pluralidade de fontes do tipo não impulsivas, de modo que cada uma de uma pluralidade de compartimentos de ponto médio comum (CMP) receba uma exposição de sinal agregado desejada. Cada uma da pluralidade de fontes do tipo não impulsivas expõe cada uma da pluralidade de compartimentos CMP a uma parte diferente da exposição de sinal agregado desejada em momentos diferentes durante a pesquisa. The present invention relates to actuation of a non-impulsive type source which may include activating a plurality of non-impulsive type sources, so that each of a plurality of common midpoint (CMP) compartments receives an aggregate signal display desired. Each of the plurality of non-impulsive type sources exposes each of the plurality of CMP compartments to a different part of the desired aggregate signal exposure at different times during the search.

Steerable marine geophysical source

Methods and systems for seismic imaging using coded directivity

Encoded driving pulses for a range finder

An acoustic tool, system, and method for performing downhole measurements. An encoded pulse sequence is transmitted from an acoustic tool. First reflections are received from the encoded pulse sequences. The first reflections from the encoded pulse sequence are identified from a number of reflections of the encoded pulse sequence. Measurements are performed utilizing the first reflections of the encoded pulse sequence. Other systems and methods are presented.

Low-frequency magnetic reluctance marine seismic source

This disclosure is related to marine seismic sources, for example marine seismic sources known in the art as benders. Some embodiments of this disclosure use magnetic reluctance forces to produce seismic energy. For example, pole pieces may be attached to one or more plates of a marine seismic source, and a wire coil may induce an attractive force between the pole pieces to cause deformation of the plates to produce seismic energy. Such marine seismic sources may be components of a marine seismic survey system, and may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. Methods of making marine seismic sources are also disclosed.

Control system for a marine vibrator

Patent BR112016015182A2

Simultaneous seismic refraction and tomography

A data seismic sensing system and method for obtaining seismic refraction data and tomography data. The system may comprise a subsurface sensor array, wherein the subsurface sensor array is a fiber optic cable disposed near a wellbore, a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is a truck-mounted seismic vibrator comprising a base plate, and a surface sensor array, wherein the surface sensor array is coupled to the seismic source. The method may comprise disposing a surface sensor array on a surface, disposing a subsurface sensor array into a wellbore, activating a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is configured to create a seismic wave, recording a reflected seismic wave with the surface sensor array and the subsurface sensor array, and creating a seismic refraction data and a seismic tomography data from the reflected seismic wave.

Systems and methods for analyzing casing bonding in a well using radial sensing

Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for isolation detection. In one implementation, recorded data is obtained. The recorded data includes radial acoustic waves transmitted and received using a radial sensor of an acoustic logging tool deployed in a wellbore. Clockwise waves are separated from counterclockwise waves by converting the recorded data from a time domain to a frequency domain. The clockwise waves are shifted into shifted clockwise waves, and the counterclockwise waves are shifted into a shifted counterclockwise waves. A forward wave is generated by combining the shifted clockwise waves, and a reflected wave is generated by combining the shifted counterclockwise waves. One or more isolation regions are identified in the wellbore using the forward wave and the reflected wave.

Onshore separated wave-field imaging

A method for applying separated wave-field imaging onshore (1) by artificially creating up-going and down-going fields and (2) by using these fields in a migration algorithm. If there are any surface multiples in the data, the resulting image created using the migration algorithm will be distorted by the unknown free-surface reflection coefficient. In fact, the surface multiples may be generated with a complex series of reflection coefficients. The distortions found in the resulting image created using the migration algorithm are then removed.

Surveying techniques using multiple different types of sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to acquisition and imaging for marine surveys. In some embodiments, a transition survey that uses both one or more sources of a first type (e.g., impulsive sources) and one or more sources of a second type (e.g., vibratory sources) may facilitate calibration of prior surveys that use the first type of sources with subsequent surveys that use the second type of source. In some embodiments, the different types of sources may be operated simultaneously at approximately the same location. In some embodiments, signals generated by the sources are separated, e.g., using deconvolution. The signals may then be compared to generate difference information, which in turn may be used to adjust sensor measurements from a previous or subsequent survey. In various embodiments, the disclosed techniques may improve accuracy in images of geological formations and may facilitate transitions to new types of seismic sources while maintaining continuity in 4D surveys.

Mitigating residual noise in a marine survey with orthogonal coded pseudo-random sweeps

Processes and systems described herein are directed to performing marine surveys with marine vibrators that emit orthogonal coded pseudo-random sweeps. In one aspect, coded pseudo-random signals are generated based on coded pseudo-random sequences. The coded pseudo-random sequences are used to activate the marine vibrators in a body of water above a subterranean formation. The activated marine vibrators generate orthogonal coded pseudo-random sweeps. A wavefield emitted from the subterranean formation in response to the orthogonal coded pseudo-random sweeps is detected at receivers located in a body of water. Seismic signals generated by the receivers may be cross-correlated with a signature of one of the orthogonal coded pseudo-random sweeps to obtain seismic data with incoherent residual noise.

Systems and methods for analyzing casing bonding in a well using radial sensing

Marine seismic inline source for near-continuously actuation

Geometrical distribution for non-impulsive sources

Configuracion de fuente vibratoria formadora de haz y metodo.

Se proporciona un método para encontrar la mejor distribución de elementos fuente que forman una configuración de fuente vibratoria. El método incluye introducir (2500) múltiples restricciones para los elementos fuente; generar (2502) múltiples distribuciones de elementos fuente que cumplen con las múltiples restricciones; calcular (2504) para cada distribución, un índice que caracteriza la configuración fuente y seleccionar (2506) la mejor distribución a partir de las múltiples distribuciones con base en un valor del índice de desempeño.

Systems and methods for pre-correlation noise attentuation using random sweeps in seismic data processing

A method for attenuating noise in seismic data signals is described wherein seismic signals are transmitted using a pseudo-random frequency sweep signal. Noise is then attenuated from the resulting, acquired seismic data on pre-phase subtraction basis, e.g., before correlating or de-convolving the acquired seismic data. In this way, repetitions associated with, for example, diversity stacking techniques can be avoided.

Systemy i sposoby pre-korelacyjnego tłumienia szumów przy zastosowaniu przemiatań losowych w przetwarzaniu danych sejsmicznych

Surveying techniques using multiple different types of sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to acquisition and imaging for marine surveys. In some embodiments, a transition survey that uses both one or more sources of a first type (e.g., impulsive sources) and one or more sources of a second type (e.g., vibratory sources) may facilitate calibration of prior surveys that use the first type of sources with subsequent surveys that use the second type of source. In some embodiments, the different types of sources may be operated simultaneously at approximately the same location. In some embodiments, signals generated by the sources are separated, e.g., using deconvolution. The signals may then be compared to generate difference information, which in turn may be used to adjust sensor measurements from a previous or subsequent survey. In various embodiments, the disclosed techniques may improve accuracy in images of geological formations and may facilitate transitions to new types of seismic sources while maintaining continuity in 4D surveys.

Systems and methods for analyzing casing bonding in a well using differential sensing

Systems and methods for determining well casing eccentricity

Systems and methods for analyzing casing bonding in a well using ultrasound velocity filtering

Systems and methods for determining well casing eccentricity

Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for isolation detection. In one implementation, a radial acoustic log is obtained. The radial acoustic log is captured using a radial sensor of an acoustic logging tool deployed within a first structure. The first structure disposed within a second structure in a subterranean environment. A radial symmetry is determined using the radial acoustic log. An eccentricity of the first structure relative to the second structure is determined based on the radial symmetry.

System, method and apparatus for creating virtual point sources within a hydrocarbon formation

Downhole tools and method for a well. At least some of the example embodiments are methods of imaging a formation around a first borehole, including: focusing first outbound acoustic energy, launched from a tool with the first borehole, on a volume within the formation spaced away from the first borehole, the focusing creates a first virtual point source (VPS) that creates a first return acoustic energy; receiving the first return acoustic energy from the first VPS at a plurality of seismic sensors; and determining a parameter of the formation between the first VPS and a location of the seismic sensors using the first return acoustic energy.

Onshore separated wave-field imaging

A method for applying separated wave-field imaging onshore (1) by artificially creating up-going and down-going fields and (2) by using these fields in a migration algorithm. If there are any surface multiples in the data, the resulting image created using the migration algorithm will be distorted by the unknown free-surface reflection coefficient. In fact, the surface multiples may be generated with a complex series of reflection coefficients. The distortions found in the resulting image created using the migration algorithm are then removed.

Simultaneous seismic refraction and tomography

A data seismic sensing system and method for obtaining seismic refraction data and tomography data. The system may comprise a subsurface sensor array, wherein the subsurface sensor array is a fiber optic cable disposed near a wellbore, a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is a truck-mounted seismic vibrator comprising a base plate, and a surface sensor array, wherein the surface sensor array is coupled to the seismic source. The method may comprise disposing a surface sensor array on a surface, disposing a subsurface sensor array into a wellbore, activating a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is configured to create a seismic wave, recording a reflected seismic wave with the surface sensor array and the subsurface sensor array, and creating a seismic refraction data and a seismic tomography data from the reflected seismic wave.

Wavseis sourcing

Improved methods of providing acoustic source signals for seismic surveying, wherein a plurality of signals can be easily separated from one another after data acquisition, wherein the source signals are not sweep based.

Formation measurements using downhole noise sources

A method of performing measurements of an earth formation includes disposing at least a first receiver and a second receiver in one or more monitoring boreholes in a formation, and injecting fluid into the formation from an injection borehole, wherein injecting includes operating a fluid control device to generate seismic and/or acoustic noise having an identifiable characteristic. The method also includes detecting seismic and/or acoustic signals at the first receiver and detecting seismic and/or acoustic signals at a second receiver, the seismic and/or acoustic signals corresponding to the seismic and/or acoustic noise, calculating an estimate of a Green's function between the first receiver and the second receiver by processing seismic and/or acoustic waves detected by the first receiver and the second receiver to at least partially reconstruct the Green's function, and estimating variations in a velocity of a region of the formation by determining variations in the reconstructed Green's function.

Heterogeneous subsurface imaging systems and methods

A system for near-surface subsurface imaging for detecting and characterizing subsurface heterogeneities comprises a non-contact acoustic source that senses a plurality of acoustic waves that travel through a surface; an instrument that outputs probing electromagnetic signals through the surface that interact and are affected by scattered signals of the acoustic waves and further senses vibrational modes of a subsurface below the surface; an imaging device that dynamically generates a time sequence of images of properties of the acoustic waves and maps elastic wave fields of the acoustic waves; and a processor that analyzes dynamic multi-wave data of the images to quantify spatial variations in the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the subsurface.

一种用于地震物理模拟的激发源阵列混合采集方法及系统

本发明涉及地震物理模拟研究领域，具体涉及一种用于地震物理模拟的激发源阵列混合采集方法及系统。本发明提供了一种用于地震物理模拟的激发源阵列混合采集方法及系统，通过将激发端设计为激发源阵列并按照随机序列的延时方式激发，可以成倍增加采集效率，通过后续多震源混合波场分离技术可以达到和传统采集单炮质量相当的数据，或者以多震源直接偏移成像的方式处理多震源数据；并且，本发明可以为多震源混合波场采集理论及数据处理方法提供物理模拟领域的验证。综上，本发明在方法验证及实际应用中具有很高的理论价值及经济效益。

Multi-frequency acoustic interrogation for azimuthal orientation of downhole tools

Systems and methods for analyzing casing bonding in a well using ultrasound velocity filtering

Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for isolation detection. In one implementation, an axial acoustic signal is obtained. The axial acoustic signal is captured using an axial sensor deployed in a structure in a subterranean surface. The axial acoustic signal is separated into a first wave region and a second wave region by applying velocity filtering. An axial symmetry of a portion of the structure is determined based on at least one of the first wave region or the second wave region.

Multipole shear wave splitting

Surveying techniques using multiple different types of sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to acquisition and imaging for marine surveys. In some embodiments, a transition survey that uses both one or more sources of a first type (e.g., impulsive sources) and one or more sources of a second type (e.g., vibratory sources) may facilitate calibration of prior surveys that use the first type of sources with subsequent surveys that use the second type of source. In some embodiments, the different types of sources may be operated simultaneously at approximately the same location. In some embodiments, signals generated by the sources are separated, e.g., using deconvolution. The signals may then be compared to generate difference information, which in turn may be used to adjust sensor measurements from a previous or subsequent survey. In various embodiments, the disclosed techniques may improve accuracy in images of geological formations and may facilitate transitions to new types of seismic sources while maintaining continuity in 4D surveys.

Processes and systems that attenuate source signatures and free-surface effects in recorded seismic data

Processes and systems for deblending blended seismic data with attenuated source signatures and free-surface effects are described. The blended seismic data may have been recorded in a marine survey in which multiple sources are activated in the body of water above a subterranean formation. Receivers record overlapping pressure and vertical velocity wavefield responses from the subterranean formation as corresponding blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield. Processes and systems compute an upgoing pressure wavefield and a downgoing vertical velocity wavefield based on the blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield. Deblended primary pressure wavefields are computed based on the upgoing pressure and downgoing vertical velocity. The deblended primary pressure wavefields may be used to generate images of the subterranean formation that are substantially free of source signatures and free-surface effects.

Continuous resonance marine vibrator

OF THE DISCLOSURE The disclosure herein generally relates to a device for use in marine seismic surveying. A displacement apparatus has a base and an actuated head. The actuated head is coupled to an actuation means comprising a shaft, a cam, and a motor. The cam is coupled to the shaft at a radial position from the center of the cam. A vacuum piston is optionally coupled to the actuation means. A variable resonance spring, such as an air spring, is coupled to the actuated head in order to tune the apparatus to operate in resonance at a range of frequencies. 25 F 1/9 co0 f/-D 0C 0N 040

High -productivity seismic data acquisition using calendar- time -based sweep initiation

A method for actuating plural sets of vibratory seismic sources. The method includes calculating, at a controller, a continuous signal C n that is made as a periodic repetition of a template p n , wherein the template p n includes a swept-frequency signal; receiving a subset duration time L sub ; receiving a taper function W having a time length of L sub ; receiving a calendar time t sweep ; computing, at the controller, a product S n of a subset of the continuous signal C n and the taper function W, wherein the subset of the continuous signal C n starts at the calendar time t sweep and lasts for the duration time L sub ; and actuating a set n of the plural sets of vibratory sources at the calendar time t sweep , wherein each vibratory source of the set n of vibratory sources is actuated based on the product S n .

Processes and systems that deblend and attenuate source ghosts and source signatures in recorded seismic data obtained in a marine survey

Processes and systems for deblending blended seismic data with attenuated source signatures and source ghost are described. Processes and systems compute blended upgoing pressure wavefield based on blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield recorded in a marine survey of a subterranean formation. Downgoing vertical velocity wavefield is computed based on near-field pressure wavefields generated by source elements of sources activated in the marine survey. Deblended wavefield is computed based on the blended upgoing pressure wavefield and the downgoing vertical velocity source wavefield. The deblended wavefield may be used to generate an image of the subterranean formation with the source signatures and source ghosts contained in the blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield.