Zoned optical fibre

An optical fibre 400 (500; 600; 700; 900; 1000) comprising a core 410 (510; 610; 910; 1010) and at least one cylinder 450 455 (550, 555; 650, 655; 755; 950, 955; 1050, 1055) together forming a plurality of zones. In use, the zones have a primary optical function of confining light within the fibre 400 (500; 600; 700; 900; 1000). Successive zones have different refractive indices and different widths. At least one of the zones comprises a material that exhibits a second optical function such as optical gain or controllable refractive index.

Metallic coated dielectric substrates comprising parylene polymer protective layer

HIGH POWER OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber for use with high power infrared radiation. The cladding, which may be restricted to the ends, consists of alternating layers of different refractive indices. Preferably the core is a crystalline halide of silver, thallium or cesium, one of the alternating cladding layers is crystaline lead floride and the other alternating cladding layer is crystalline germanium or silver halide. The middle portion of the core may be not covered by the cladding or covered by fewer layers. A metal layer may cover the cladding. A resin layer having a refractive index not larger than those of the cladding layers may cover the cladding.

HIGH-DENSITY ENERGY DIRECTING DEVICES FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL, STEREOSCOPIC, LIGHT FIELD AND HOLOGRAPHIC HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS

Disclosed are high-density energy directing devices and systems thereof for two- dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays. In general, the head-mounted display system includes one or more energy devices and one or more energy relay elements, each energy relay element having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices and the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface. A separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface.

ARRANGEMENT FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, PREFERABLY FOR SUPPLYING LUMINOUS ENERGY TO BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES

The invention relates to an arrangement for supplying luminous energy to biological structures, comprising a pumping light source and/or a laser source (41), an optical beam forming system (43), and an optical waveguide (45) which is coupled to the beam forming system to create a light intensity profile dependent on the full length of the waveguide and/or a change in shape and which comprises a core (46) and a cladding surrounding the core, a distal fiber end being free. The arrangement is characterized by a depressed refractive index structure which extends across the core and the cladding and consists of a succession of concentric zones that are designed, in at least some sections in the radial direction, as an alternating succession of regions having a relatively low refractive index and a relatively high refractive index. In a method for producing an optical waveguide for an arrangement for supplying luminous energy in a targeted manner to biological structures, a diffractive index ...

LOW-LOSS PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDE HAVING LARGE CORE RADIUS

An optical waveguide (100) including: a dielectric core region (110) extending along a waveguide axis; and a dielectric confinement region (120) surrounding the core (110) about the waveguide axis, the confinement region (120) comprising a photonic crystal structure (122, 124) having a photonic band gap, wherein during operation the confinement region (120) guides EM radiation in at least a first range of frequencies to propagate along the waveguide axis, wherein the core (110) has an average refractive index smaller than about 1.3 for a frequency in the first range of frequencies, and wherein the core (110) has a diameter in a range between about 4λ and 80λ, wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency in the first frequency range.

Adjustable beam characteristics

Disclosed herein are methods, apparatus, and systems for providing an optical beam delivery system, comprising an optical fiber including a first length of fiber comprising a first RIP formed to enable, at least in part, modification of one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam by a perturbation assembly arranged to modify the one or more beam characteristics, the perturbation assembly coupled to the first length of fiber or integral with the first length of fiber, or a combination thereof and a second length of fiber coupled to the first length of fiber and having a second RIP formed to preserve at least a portion of the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam modified by the perturbation assembly within one or more first confinement regions. The optical beam delivery system may include an optical system coupled to the second length of fiber including one or more free-space optics configured to receive and transmit an optical beam comprising the modified one or more ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MODIFYING BEAM CHARACTERISTICS

High index-contrast fiber waveguides and applications

Encoded energy waveguides for holographic super resolution

Disclosed embodiments include an energy device having an array of waveguide elements configured to direct energy along a plurality of energy propagation paths through the device, and an energy encoding element operable to limit propagation of energy along the plurality of paths. Energy uninhibited propagation paths may extend through first and second regions of energy locations, the first and seconds regions being overlapping and offsetting, and the energy encoding element may limit propagation of energy through each energy location in the first and second regions to one uninhibited energy propagation path. In an embodiment, the energy encoding element may limit propagation along uninhibited propagation paths through the first region at a first moment in time, and through the second region at a second moment in time. An energy system comprising an energy device subsystem and an energy combiner may be configured to superimpose energy from the energy locations.

HIGH INDEX-CONTRAST FIBER WAVEGUIDES AND APPLICATIONS

The invention features high index-contrast fiber waveguides (1301) that can be drawn from a preform. The invention also features materials for forming high index-contrast fiber waveguides (1301), and guidelines for their selection. High index-contrast fiber waveguides (1301), which may include opical fibers and photonic crystal fibers, can provide enhanced radial confinement of an optical signal in the fiber waveguide (1301). Moreover, large optical energy densities can be achieved inside the high index-contrast fiber waveguides, making them attractive candidates for a number of applications.

ALL-DIELECTRIC COAXIAL WAVEGUIDE

An all-dielectric coaxial waveguide (100) comprising a dielectric core region (101); an annulus (106) of dielectric material, surrounding the core region (101), in which electromagnetic radiation is confined; and an outer region (108) of cylindrically coaxial dielectric shells of alternating indices of refraction surrounding the annulus (106). The core region (101) and the outer region (108) have an average index of refraction which is higher than the index of refraction of the annulus (106).

ENCODED ENERGY WAVEGUIDES FOR HOLOGRAPHIC SUPER RESOLUTION

NOVEL MULTIMODE FIBER FOR NARROWBAND BRAGG GRATINGS

A novel multimode fiber structure with modal propagation characteristics tailored to facilitate the creation of narrowband, high reflectivity, fiber Bragg gratings is disclosed. The fiber structure comprises concentric cylindrical shells of higher and lower refractive index material. A full vector, second order finite element method is used to analyze the proposed multimode fiber structure. Simulations of the modal profiles show that high order modes are localized to particular high refractive index shells. We present the theoretical characterization of the modal propagation constant as a function of inner shell radius, shell separation, and harmonic mode parameter. It is shown that a fiber with a minimum inner shell radius of at least 25.lambda. (where .lambda. is the vacuum wavelength), and a minimum shell separation of at least 10.lambda. provides a reasonable trade off between fiber size and grating performance. A simulation of the multimode fiber grating shows that a grating with a ...

DEVICE FOR TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY AND TRANSVERSE ANDERSONOVSKAYa LOCALISATION FOR DISTRIBUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LIGHT FIELD AND ENERGY HOLOGRAPHY

ADJUSTABLE BEAM CHARACTERISTICS

Disclosed herein are methods, apparatus, and systems for providing an optical beam delivery system, comprising an optical fiber including a first length of fiber comprising a first RIP formed to enable, at least in part, modification of one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam by a perturbation assembly arranged to modify the one or more beam characteristics, the perturbation assembly coupled to the first length of fiber or integral with the first length of fiber, or a combination thereof and a second length of fiber coupled to the first length of fiber and having a second RIP formed to preserve at least a portion of the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam modified by the perturbation assembly within one or more first confinement regions. The optical beam delivery system may include an optical system coupled to the second length of fiber including one or more free-space optics configured to receive and transmit an optical beam comprising the modified one or more ...

Microlayer Coextrusion of Optical End Products

The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape.

ELECTROMAGNETIC MODE CONVERSION IN PHOTONIC CRYSTAL MULTIMODE WAVEGUIDES

A method for converting electromagnetic (EM) energy between guided modes of a photonic crystal waveguide (800) having a waveguide axis (810), the method including: (i) providing the photonic crystal waveguide (800) with a mode coupling segment (820) comprising at least one bend (830) in the waveguide axis (810), wherein during operation the mode coupling segment (820) converts EM energy in a first guided mode to a second guided mode; (ii) providing EM energy in the first guided mode of the photonic crystal waveguide (800); and (iii) allowing the EM energy in the first guided mode to encounter the mode coupling segment to convert at least some of the EM energy in the first guided mode to EM energy in the second guided mode.

A method and apparatus relating to optical fibres

PROCEDURE AND INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A LINTY ELEMENT WITH A LIGHT-SELECTIVE FILTER

OPTICAL STAGE INDEX FIBER WITH ENDOWED CORE AND COAT, GATHERING MOLD AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR SUCH A FIBER

Illumination waveguide and method for producing same

Energy propagation and transverse Anderson localization with two-dimensional, light field and holographic relays

Disclosed are image relay elements exhibiting transverse Anderson localization for light field and holographic energy sources. The relay elements may include a relay element body having one or more structures, where the structures can be coupled in series, in parallel and/or in stacked configurations. The structures may have multiple surfaces such that energy waves propagating therethrough the relay elements may experience spatial magnification or de-magnification.

System and methods of holographic sensory data generation, manipulation and transport

A method determines four dimensional (4D) plenoptic coordinates for content data by receiving content data; determining locations of data points with respect to a first surface to creating a digital volumetric representation of the content data, the first surface being a reference surface; determining 4D plenoptic coordinates of the data points at a second surface by tracing the locations the data points in the volumetric representation to the second surface where a 4D function is applied; and determining energy source location values for 4D plenoptic coordinates that have a first point of convergence.

METHOD OF CALIBRATION FOR HOLOGRAPHIC ENERGY DIRECTING SYSTEMS

Holographic energy directing systems may include a waveguide array and a relay element. Disclosed calibration approaches allows for mapping of energy locations and mapping of energy locations to angular direction of energy as defined in a four-dimensional plenopic system. Distortions due to the waveguide array and relay element may also be compensated.

INSIDE-PHOTON OPTICAL DEVICE

FIBEROPTIC HAS JUMP Of INDEX HAS SHEATH AND HEART ADDITIVES, PREFORM AND MANUFACTORING PROCESS FOR SUCH a FIBRE

L'invention propose une fibre optique à saut d'indice, qui présente une gaine avec un indice inférieur à l'indice de la silice, et un coeur avec un indice supérieur à celui de la silice. La fibre est obtenue par étirage d'une préforme réalisée par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur, à partir d'un tube de dépôt d'indice inférieur à l'indice de la silice; on dépose successivement une gaine intérieure d'indice sensiblement égal à l'indice du tube de dépôt, puis un coeur d'indice supérieur à l'indice de la gaine intérieure. L'invention permet d'obtenir une fibre de forte aire effective, d'atténuation réduite, et qui peut être fabriquée à faible coût par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur.

RARE EARTH DOPED SINGLE POLARIZATION DOUBLE CLAD OPTICAL FIBER WITH PLURALITY OF AIR HOLES

An optical fiber including: (i) a silica based, rare earth doped core having a first index of refraction n1; (ii) a silica based inner cladding surrounding the core and having a second index of refraction n2, such that n1> n2, said inner cladding having a plurality of air holes extending longitudinally through the length of said optical fiber; (iii) a silica based outer cladding surrounding said inner cladding and having a third index of refraction n3, such that n2> n3; wherein said optical fiber supports a single polarization mode within the operating wavelength range.

PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS

Included among the many structures described herein are photonic bandgap fibers designed to provide a desired dispersion spectrum. Additionally, designs for achieving wide transmission bands and lower transmission loss are also discussed. For example, in some fiber designs, smaller dimensions of high index material in the cladding and large core size provide small flat dispersion over a wide spectral range. In other examples, the thickness of the high index ring-shaped region closest to the core has sufficiently large dimensions to provide negative dispersion or zero dispersion at a desired wavelength. Additionally, low index cladding features distributed along concentric rings or circles may be used for achieving wide bandgaps.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DECREASING SIGNAL PROPAGATION DELAY IN A WAVEGUIDE

A waveguide (10) for decreasing signal propagation delay including an evanescent region (12) and an amplification region (14). In various embodiments, the evanescent region (12) includes varying index of refraction regions, such as one or more thin film regions (16) and one or more fiber Bragg grating regions (46), one or more frustrated internal reflection constructs (52), or one or more undersized waveguides (76). In various embodiments, the amplification region includes doped optical amplifiers (24) and other amplifier types that use propagated pump photons to provide amplification, or semiconductor amplifiers or other amplifier types that use electrical power to provide amplification. A method for decreasing signal propagation delay includes propagating a signal having a signal frequency into an evanescent region. After propagation through the evanescent region, amplifying the attenuated signal.

OPTICAL FIBER LEAKAGE LOSS MEASUREMENT METHOD

The present embodiment relates to a method of directly measuring a leakage loss from a peripheral core in a MCF with a coating to the coating. In the measurement method, in a high refractive-index state in which the coating is present on an outer periphery of a common cladding, first transmission power of measurement light, which propagates through the peripheral core of the MCF, is measured. On the other hand, in a low refractive-index state in which a low-refractive-index layer with a lower refractive index than the common cladding is provided on the outer periphery of the common cladding, second transmission power of the measurement light, which propagates through the peripheral core of the MCF, is measured. The leakage loss LL from the peripheral core to the coating is calculated as a difference between the first transmission power and the second transmission power.

Optische Hochleistungsfaser.

HOCHLEISTUNGS OPTISCHER FASER.

The fibre has pref. an infrar-red transmissive core (1) of a thallium, alkali or silver halide crystal or a chalcogenide glass. The core circumference is coated with a layer (2) of lead fluoride and a second layer (3) of germanium. A multiple lamination consists of alternate layers of lead fluoride and germanium or silver chloride or silver bromide. Only the vicinity of each of the incident and exit portions of the optical fibre need be coated with the alternately laminated multi-layer film.

Filter for information transmitting optical waveguides - external multiple layer system of different refractive index

The filter comprises a multiple layer system with high and low-refracting layers. The refractive indices of the layers are higher than the effective indices of the controlled modes in the waveguides, and the layers embrace a short section of the optical fibre forming the waveguide. The filter may be a polarisation or spectrally selective filter or a fully or partially reflecting reflector. The layer system is pref. surrounded by an absorbent material with a light-scattering surface. The layers are pref. applied to the optical fibre by vapour deposition as the latter is rotated.

A method and apparatus relating to optical fibres

Method of producing dielectric diffraction gratings

There is disclosed a method of producing dielectric diffraction gratings. This method comprises (a) preparing a preform by forming one upon another layers of two or more glasses having different refractive indices at a given period, and (b) cutting the preform into flat pieces.

ENERGY PROPAGATION AND TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL, LIGHT FIELD AND HOLOGRAPHIC RELAYS

Disclosed are image relay elements exhibiting transverse Anderson localization for light field and holographic energy sources. The relay elements may include a relay element body having one or more structures, where the structures can be coupled in series, in parallel and/or in stacked configurations. The structures may have multiple surfaces such that energy waves propagating therethrough the relay elements may experience spatial magnification or de-magnification. FiG.4 ...

Optical fiber

LOW-LOSS PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDE HAVING LARGE CORE RADIUS

An optical waveguide (100) including: a dielectric core region (110) extending along a waveguide axis; and a dielectric confinement region (120) surrounding the core (110) about the waveguide axis, the confinement region (120) comprising a photonic crystal structure (122, 124) having a photonic band gap, wherein during operation the confinement region (120) guides EM radiation in at least a first range of frequencies to propagate along the waveguide axis, wherein the core (110) has an average refractive index smaller than about 1.3 for a frequency in the first range of frequencies, and wherein the core (110) has a diameter in a range between about 4.lambda. and 80.lambda., wherein .lambda. is a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency in the first frequency range.

OPTICAL FIBER

In an optical fiber 1 having a core region 3 and a cladding region 5 which surrounds the core region 3, wherein a plurality of regions made of sub mediums 2 having refractive index different from that of the main medium 4 constituting the cladding region 5 are spaced apart in cross section of the cladding region 5 and the mean refractive index of the core region 3 is lower than that of the cladding region 5, the sub-medium regions 2 are regularly arranged in the radial direction of the optical fiber 1 such that the light having given wavelength, propagation coefficient and electric field distribution propagates along the fiber axis and has not less than 50 % of a total propagating power in the core region 3, and this arrangement does not have translational symmetry in cross section.

METHOD OF CALIBRATION FOR HOLOGRAPHIC ENERGY DIRECTING SYSTEMS

Holographic energy directing systems may include a waveguide array and a relay element. Disclosed calibration approaches allows for mapping of energy locations and mapping of energy locations to angular direction of energy as defined in a four-dimensional plenopic system. Distortions due to the waveguide array and relay element may also be compensated.

SYSTEM AND METHODS OF HOLOGRAPHIC SENSORY DATA GENERATION, MANIPULATION AND TRANSPORT

A method determines four dimensional (4D) plenoptic coordinates for content data by receiving content data; determining locations of data points with respect to a first surface to creating a digital volumetric representation of the content data, the first surface being a reference surface; determining 4D plenoptic coordinates of the data points at a second surface by tracing the locations the data points in the volumetric representation to the second surface where a 4D function is applied; and determining energy source location values for 4D plenoptic coordinates that have a first point of convergence.

ENERGY RELAY AND TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION FOR PROPAGATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL, LIGHT FIELD AND HOLOGRAPHIC ENERGY

Disclosed are energy systems configured to direct energy according to a four-dimensional (4D) plenoptic function. In general, the energy systems include a plurality of energy devices, an energy relay system having one or more relay elements arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, and an energy waveguide system such that energy can be relayed along energy propagation paths through the energy waveguide system to the singular seamless energy surface or from the singular seamless energy surface through the energy relay system to the plurality of energy devices.

ENCODED ENERGY WAVEGUIDES FOR HOLOGRAPHIC SUPER RESOLUTION

Disclosed embodiments include an energy device having an array of waveguide elements configured to direct energy along a plurality of energy propagation paths through the device, and an energy encoding element operable to limit propagation of energy along the plurality of paths. Energy uninhibited propagation paths may extend through first and second regions of energy locations, the first and seconds regions being overlapping and offsetting, and the energy encoding element may limit propagation of energy through each energy location in the first and second regions to one uninhibited energy propagation path. In an embodiment, the energy encoding element may limit propagation along uninhibited propagation paths through the first region at a first moment in time, and through the second region at a second moment in time. An energy system comprising an energy device subsystem and an energy combiner may be configured to superimpose energy from the energy locations.

ELECTROMAGNETIC MODE CONVERSION IN PHOTONIC CRYSTAL MULTIMODE WAVEGUIDES

A method for converting electromagnetic (EM) energy between guided modes of a photonic crystal waveguide (800) having a waveguide axis (810), the method including: (i) providing the photonic crystal waveguide (800) with a mode coupling segment (820) comprising at least one bend (830) in the waveguide axis (810), wherein during operation the mode coupling segment (820) converts EM energy in a first guided mode to a second guided mode; (ii) providing EM energy in the first guided mode of the photonic crystal waveguide (800); and (iii) allowing the EM energy in the first guided mode to encounter the mode coupling segment to convert at least some of the EM energy in the first guided mode to EM energy in the second guided mode.

POROUS OPTICAL MATERIALS

PURPOSE: Porous optical materials is provided to allow for the selection of the desired pore size and level of porosity in the porous optical material. Such methods utilize a preformed polymeric porogen. CONSTITUTION: A method of preparing a porous optical device comprising the steps of:(a) combining a plurality of porogen particles and a B-staged optical material;(b) at least partially curing the B-staged optical material;(c) at least partially removing the plurality of porogen particles;(d) defining a path for transmitting light through the optical material. © KIPO 2003 ...

METHOD OF CALIBRATION FOR HOLOGRAPHIC ENERGY DIRECTING SYSTEMS

Holographic energy directing systems may include a waveguide array and a relay element. Disclosed calibration approaches allows for mapping of energy locations and mapping of energy locations to angular direction of energy as defined in a four-dimensional plenoptic system. Distortions due to the waveguide array and relay element may also be compensated.

Solar reflective fibre

A method and apparatus relating to optical fibres

Low-loss photonic crystal waveguide having large core radius

ENERGY RELAY AND TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION FOR PROPAGATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL, LIGHT FIELD AND HOLOGRAPHIC ENERGY

Disclosed are energy systems configured to direct energy according to a four-dimensional (4D) plenoptic function. In general, the energy systems include a plurality of energy devices, an energy relay system having one or more relay elements arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, and an energy waveguide system such that energy can be relayed along energy propagation paths through the energy waveguide system to the singular seamless energy surface or from the singular seamless energy surface through the energy relay system to the plurality of energy devices. WO 2018/014048 PCT/US2017/042470 Cb - a am - -L----- ---- -------- - - --- ---- ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING DIELECTRIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS OR DIELECTRIC MULTILAYER INTERFERENCE FILTERS

Dielectric diffraction gratings are made by making a preform of up to several hundred layers of glass of high refractive index and alternate layers of glass of low refractive index, the layers being fused to each other. The preform is then heated in a furnace and fed through drawing rollers after which it is cut into inches typically 0.5 mn thick.

HIGH POWER LOW-LOSS FIBER WAVEGUIDE

In general, in one aspect, the invention features an article including a high- power, low-loss fiber waveguide (100) that includes alternating layers of different dielectric materials (130, 140) surrounding a core (120) extending along a waveguide axis (199), the different dielectric materials including a polymer (130) and glass (140).

ENCODED ENERGY WAVEGUIDES FOR HOLOGRAPHIC SUPER RESOLUTION

Disclosed embodiments include an energy device having an array of waveguide elements configured to direct energy along a plurality of energy propagation paths through the device, and an energy encoding element operable to limit propagation of energy along the plurality of paths. Energy uninhibited propagation paths may extend through first and second regions of energy locations, the first and seconds regions being overlapping and offsetting, and the energy encoding element may limit propagation of energy through each energy location in the first and second regions to one uninhibited energy propagation path. In an embodiment, the energy encoding element may limit propagation along uninhibited propagation paths through the first region at a first moment in time, and through the second region at a second moment in time. An energy system comprising an energy device subsystem and an energy combiner may be configured to superimpose energy from the energy locations.

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR REALIZING TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION IN ENERGY RELAYS USING COMPONENT ENGINEERED STRUCTURES

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems and Transverse Anderson Localization. Systems and methods include providing first and second component engineered structures with first and second sets of engineered properties and forming a medium using the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure. The forming step includes randomizing a first engineered property in a first orientation of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered property in that plane, and the values of the second engineered property allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second orientation of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered property in the second orientation is less than the variation of the first engineered property in the first orientation.

DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

In general, in one aspect, the invention features a method that includes exposing a surface to a first gas composition under conditions sufficient to deposit a layer of a first chalcogenide glass (240) on the surface, and exposing the layer of the first chalcogenide glass (240) to a second glass composition under conditions sufficient to deposit a layer of a second glass (230) on the layer of the first chalcogenide glass, wherein the second glass is different from the first chalcogenide glass.

INSIDE-PHOTON OPTICAL DEVICE

PROCESS AND INSTALLATION OF MANUFACTURE Of an ELEMENT FIBRE HAVE FILTER OF LUMIERESELECTIF

POLYMER FIBER POLARIZERS WITH ALIGNED FIBERS

A polarizing film is made of multilayer polarizing fibers embedded within a matrix. The fibers are formed with layers of at least a first and a second polymer material. Layers of the first polymer material are disposed between layers of the second polymer material. At least one of the first and second polymer materials is birefringent. Where the fibers are non-circular in cross-section, the cross-section can be oriented within the polarizer. © KIPO & WIPO 2009 ...

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING A FIBERED ELEMENT WITH A LIGHT-SELECTIVE FILTER

A method is provided for producing a fibered element (FO). The method consists in i) forming an assembly (E) by surrounding a first part (C) of vitreous material, with a second part (G) having first optical properties, ii) then drawing the assembly (E) in a longitudinal direction so as to increase its longitudinal dimension while reducing at least one of its transverse dimensions, this increase and reduction being chosen so as to transform at least certain of the said first optical properties of the second part (G) into second optical properties allowing it to selectively filter, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drawn assembly, photons of which the wavelengths fall in at least one selected spectral band.

Dielectric waveguide with transverse index variation that support a zero group velocity mode at a non-zero longitudinal wavevector

Optical components including a laser based on a dielectric waveguide extending along a waveguide axis and having a refractive index cross-section perpendicular to the waveguide axis, the refractive index cross-section supporting an electromagnetic mode having a zero group velocity for a non-zero wavevector along the waveguide axis.

Article comprising a micro-structured optical fiber, and method of making such fiber

OPTICAL FIBER BENDING MECHANISMS

Holographic superimposition of real world plenoptic opacity modulation through transparent waveguide arrays

Disclosed are transparent energy relay waveguide systems for the superimposition of holographic opacity modulation states for holographic, light field, virtual, augmented and mixed reality applications. The light field system may comprise one or more energy waveguide relay systems with one or more energy modulation elements, each energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough, whereby the energy passing therethrough may be directed according to 4D plenoptic functions or inverses thereof.

High density energy directing device

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

Energy relay and transverse Anderson localization for propagation of two-dimensional, light field and holographic energy

Disclosed are energy systems configured to direct energy according to a four-dimensional (4D) plenoptic function. In general, the energy systems include a plurality of energy devices, an energy relay system having one or more relay elements arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, and an energy waveguide system such that energy can be relayed along energy propagation paths through the energy waveguide system to the singular seamless energy surface or from the singular seamless energy surface through the energy relay system to the plurality of energy devices.

Illumination waveguide and method for producing same

METHOD OF CALIBRATION FOR HOLOGRAPHIC ENERGY DIRECTING SYSTEMS

Holographic energy directing systems may include a waveguide array and a relay element. Disclosed calibration approaches allows for mapping of energy locations and mapping of energy locations to angular direction of energy as defined in a four dimensional plenopic system. Distortions due to the waveguide array and relay element may also be compensated. WO 2018/014049 PCT/US2017/042679 cc m CM ------------ / ---------- cc C:) ---- --------- cxi A!! CD tz ...

OPTICAL FIBER

In an optical fiber 1 having a core region 3 and a cladding region 5 which surrounds the core region 3, wherein a plurality of regions made of sub mediums 2 having refractive index different from that of the main medium 4 constituting the cladding region 5 are spaced apart in cross section of the cladding region 5 and the mean refractive index of the core region 3 is lower than that of the cladding region 5, the sub-medium regions 2 are regularly arranged in the radial direction of the optical fiber 1 such that the light having given wavelength, propagation coefficient and electric field distribution propagates along the fiber axis and has not less than 50 % of a total propagating power in the core region 3, and this arrangement does not have translational symmetry in cross section.

PHOTONIC CRYSTAL SURFACE STATES

A photonic crystal may be configured to support a surface state for logic.

HIGH POWER LOW-LOSS FIBER WAVEGUIDE

In general, in one aspect, the invention features an article including a high-power, low-loss fiber waveguide that includes alternating layers of different dielectric materials surrounding a core extending along a waveguide axis, the different dielectric materials including a polymer and a glass.

Filter for a light wave in a light guiding fiber

A filter comprising multiple cylindrical layers of alternately high- and low-refractive materials and surrounded by a light-absorbent material with an outer diffusing surface is deposited by evaporation about a short axial length of a glass fiber to polarize or spectrum-filter light passing through said fiber. The indices of refraction of the filter layers are higher than the effective guide indices of the modes of the fiber core.

Constructing preforms from capillaries and canes

The invention relates to a method of producing a preform for a holey optical fiber, and more particularly, to a method of producing polymer holey optical fiber using novel capillary and cane designs that allow a construction of complex holey structures. The capillaries may have a complex internal structure including multiple holes, holes of non-circular shape, off-center holes, holes of different sizes, or any combination of these. The canes may have a complex external shape to define interstitial holes when the canes arc combined in a stack (see FIG. 1). The capillaries and canes may be made of different materials and combined within the same structure.

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR REALIZING TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION IN ENERGY RELAYS USING COMPONENT ENGINEERED STRUCTURES

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems and Transverse Anderson Localization. Systems and methods include providing first and second component engineered structures with first and second sets of engineered properties and forming a medium using the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure. The forming step includes randomizing a first engineered property in a first orientation of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered property in that plane, and the values of the second engineered property allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second orientation of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered property in the second orientation is less than the variation of the first engineered property in the first orientation.

High power optical fiber

Artikel mit einer mikrostrukturierten optischen Faser und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Faser

Microstructured optical fiber

Energy relay and transverse Anderson localization for propagation of two-dimensional, light field and holographic energy

Disclosed are energy systems configured to direct energy according to a four-dimensional (4D) plenoptic function. In general, the energy systems include a plurality of energy devices, an energy relay system having one or more relay elements arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, and an energy waveguide system such that energy can be relayed along energy propagation paths through the energy waveguide system to the singular seamless energy surface or from the singular seamless energy surface through the energy relay system to the plurality of energy devices.

ENERGY PROPAGATION AND TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL, LIGHT FIELD AND HOLOGRAPHIC RELAYS

Disclosed are image relay elements exhibiting transverse Anderson localization for light field and holographic energy sources. The relay elements may include a relay element body having one or more structures, where the structures can be coupled in series, in parallel and/or in stacked configurations. The structures may have multiple surfaces such that energy waves propagating therethrough the relay elements may experience spatial magnification or de-magnification.

HOLOGRAPHIC SUPERIMPOSITION OF REAL WORLD PLENOPTIC OPACITY MODULATION THROUGH TRANSPARENT WAVEGUIDE ARRAYS

Disclosed are transparent energy relay waveguide systems for the superimposition of holographic opacity modulation states for holographic, light field, virtual, augmented and mixed reality applications. The light field system may comprise one or more energy waveguide relay systems with one or more energy modulation elements, each energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough, whereby the energy passing therethrough may be directed according to 4D plenoptic functions or inverses thereof.

HIGH DENSITY ENERGY DIRECTING DEVICE

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

광섬유, 광섬유 결합기 및 광섬유를 이용한 광신호와 광에너지의 전달방법

... 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 광섬유는 광신호가 전달되는 코어 영역, 코어 영역을 감싸며, 광에너지가 전달되는 제1 클래딩 영역을 포함한다.

ALL-DIELECTRIC COAXIAL WAVEGUIDE

An all-dielectric coaxial waveguide (100) comprising a dielectric core region (101); an annulus (106) of dielectric material, surrounding the core region (101), in which electromagnetic radiation is confined; and an outer region (108) of cylindrically coaxial dielectric shells of alternating indices of refraction surrounding the annulus (106). The core region (101) and the outer region (108) have an average index of refraction which is higher than the index of refraction of the annulus (106).

DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE WITH TRANSVERSE INDEX VARIATION THAT SUPPORT A ZERO GROUP VELOCITY MODE AT A NON-ZERO LONGITUDINAL WAVEVECTOR

Optical components including a laser based on a dielectric waveguide extending along a waveguide axis and having a refractive index cross-section perpendicular to the waveguide axis, the refractive index cross-section supporting an electromagnetic mode having a zero group velocity for a non-zero wavevector along the waveguide axis.

PHOTONIC CRYSTAL SURFACE STATES

A photonic crystal may be configured to support a surface state for logic.

HIGH DENSITY ENERGY DIRECTING DEVICE

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

Optical waveguide

An optical fiber for communications systems, the fiber being designed to ensure a compensation of Kerr effects. The fiber has a profile which ensures that changes in power produce changes in distribution of power between core and cladding, such that the phase change associated with the changed spatial distribution of the power, is equal and opposite to the phase change due to Kerr Effect.

Method of forming a fiber waveguide

The invention relates to a method for forming a fiber waveguide, comprising: rolling a multilayer film into a preform structure; deriving a consolidated perform from the perform structure, and forming the fiber waveguide, wherein the forming comprises drawing the consolidated preform. The invention further relates to a fiber waveguide.

METHODS OF FORMING AN ARTICLE WITH USE OF VARIABLE BEAM PARAMETERS TO CONTROL A MELT POOL

Lichtwellenleiter und Halbzeug zur Herstellung eines Lichtwellenleiters mit biegeoptimierten Eigenschaften

Lichtwellenleiter mit biegeoptimierten Eigenschaften, gekennzeichnet durcheine Graben-Feinstrukturierung mit einem vom Radius abhängigen gradientenartigen Brechzahl-Verlauf (1) innerhalb einer Kernzone (2) und einem konzentrischen Brechzahl-Grabenprofil (3) innerhalb einer Mantelzone (4),wobei die Abfolge der Feinstruktur eine lamellenartige Struktur ausbildet, eine auf ein Matrixmaterial bezogene normierte Brechzahl n innerhalb der Kernzone positiv ist und die normierte Brechzahl der jeweiligen Gräben der Graben-Feinstrukturierung in der Mantelzone negativ ist,wobei die Grabenbreiten im Verhältnis zum dazwischen angeordneten Matrixmaterial 10 mal größer sind und die Breite eines Grabens weniger 1/10 des Querschnittes des Lichtwellenleiters beträgt und mindestens zwei abgrenzbare brechzahlerniedrigte Bereiche vorliegen.

METHOD OF PRODUCING DIELECTRIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS

Encoded energy waveguides for holographic super resolution

ENCODED ENERGY WAVEGUIDES FOR HOLOGRAPHIC SUPER Disclosed embodiments include an energy device having an array of waveguide elements configured to direct energy along a plurality of energy propagation paths through the device, and an energy encoding element operable to limit propagation of energy along the plurality of paths. Energy uninhibited propagation paths may extend through first and second regions of energy locations, the first and seconds regions being overlapping and offsetting, and the energy encoding element may limit propagation of energy through each energy location in the first and second regions to one uninhibited energy propagation path. In an embodiment, the energy encoding element may limit propagation along uninhibited propagation paths through the first region at a first moment in time, and through the second region at a second moment in time. An energy system comprising an energy device subsystem and an energy combiner may be configured to superimpose energy from the ...

ENERGY PROPAGATION AND TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL, LIGHT FIELD AND HOLOGRAPHIC RELAYS

Disclosed are image relay elements exhibiting transverse Anderson localization for light field and holographic energy sources. The relay elements may include a relay element body having one or more structures, where the structures can be coupled in series, in parallel and/or in stacked configurations. The structures may have multiple surfaces such that energy waves propagating therethrough the relay elements may experience spatial magnification or de-magnification. 30> 32 i .3 31 32 ...

PROCESS AND INSTALLATION OF MANUFACTURE Of an ELEMENT FIBRE HAVE FILTER OF LUMIERESELECTIF

Un procédé est dédié à la fabrication d'un élément fibré (FO). Ce procédé consiste i) à former un ensemble (E) en entourant une première partie (C), en matériau vitreux, d'une deuxième partie (G) présentant des premières propriétés optiques, ii) puis à étirer cet ensemble (E) suivant une direction longitudinale de manière à augmenter sa dimension longitudinale tout en réduisant l'une au moins de ses dimensions transversales, lesdites augmentation et réductions étant choisies de manière à transformer certaines au moins des premières propriétés optiques de la deuxième partie (G) en secondes propriétés optiques lui permettant de filtrer sélectivement, dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale de l'ensemble étiré, des photons dont les longueurs d'onde appartiennent à au moins une bande spectrale choisie.

FIBEROPTIC HAS JUMP Of INDEX HAS SHEATH AND PROCEEDED HEART ADDITIVES, PREFORM AND DEFABRICATION FOR SUCH a FIBRE

BAND-GAP TUNABLE ELASTIC OPTICAL MULTILAYER FIBERS

The rolled photonic fibers presents two codependent, technologically exploitable features for light and color manipulation: regularity on the nanoscale that is superposed with microscale cylindrical symmetry, resulting in wavelength selective scattering of light in a wide range of directions. The bio-inspired photonic fibers combine the spectral filtering capabilities and color brilliance of a planar Bragg stack compounded with a large angular scattering range introduced by the microscale curvature, which also decreases the strong directional chromaticity variation usually associated with flat multilayer reflectors. Transparent and elastic synthetic materials equip the multilayer interference fibers with high reflectance that is dynamically tuned by longitudinal mechanical strain. A two-fold elongation of the elastic fibers results in a shift of reflection peak center wavelength of over 200nm.

Generalized transverse bragg waveguide

According to various embodiments, the present teachings relate to Generalized Transverse Bragg Waveguides (GTBW) that can include an a dielectric core having an index of refraction n1 and an optical axis. The optical waveguide can further include a media having an index of refraction n2 bounding a top surface and a bottom surface of the dielectric core, wherein n2 Подробнее

PERIODIC DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE FILTER

Deflection measuring device according to the interferometer principle

An interferometer type deflection measuring device having a radiation source, a first fiber-optic means forming a first light path, a second fiber-optic means forming a second light path, a deflection body and an evaluation circuit, the first and second fiber-optic means receiving radiation from the radiation source on an input side, and radiation guided in the first and second fiber-optic means, respectively, being brought together on an output side with interference radiation being conveyed to the evaluation circuit for evaluation. The first fiber-optic means and the second fiber-optic means are arranged only on the deflection body, at least one of the first and second fiber-optic means being connected on the input side to the beam source with a single feed optical fiber and at least one of the first and second fiber-optic means being connected on the output side to the evaluation circuit by a single evaluation optical fiber.

Multiple-core optical fiber with coupling between the cores

An optical fiber includes a cladding, a first core, and a second core. At least one of the first core and the second core is hollow and is substantially surrounded by the cladding. At least a portion of the first core is generally parallel to and spaced from at least a portion of the second core. The optical fiber includes a defect substantially surrounded by the cladding, the defect increasing a coupling coefficient between the first core and the second core.

Microstructured transmission optical fiber

Microstructured optical fiber for single-moded transmission of optical signals, the optical fiber including a core region and a cladding region, the cladding region including an annular void-containing region that contains non-periodically disposed voids. The optical fiber provides single mode transmission and low bend loss.

Optical fiber, optical fiber ribbon and optical fiber cable

According to the present invention, there is provided an optical fiber, an optical fiber ribbon and an optical fiber cable that reduce both the increase in transmission loss and the decrease in strength. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an optical fiber in which an outer circumferential surface of an optical fiber is coated with a primary coating layer. In the optical fiber, the primary coating layer includes a ultraviolet curable resin, and the ultraviolet curable resin contains 0.05 or more and 0.75 or less parts by weight of a reactive silane coupling agent and 0.05 or more and 0.75 or less parts by weight of an unreactive silane coupling agent.

Interlocking optical fiber

An optical fiber includes an interlocking microstructure formed on an outer periphery of the fiber that configures the fiber to be interlocked with another optical fiber including a complementary interlocking microstructure coating.

Light source apparatus and processing method

The present invention relates to a light source apparatus. The light source apparatus has an MOPA configuration and comprises a seed light source, a pulse generator, an intermediate optical amplifier, a final stage optical amplifier, a delivery optical fiber, and a light output terminal. The delivery optical fiber is a PBG fiber having a photonic bandgap (PBG) structure in a core-surrounding portion located around the core. Light with a wavelength in a high loss band of the PBG fiber is inputted into the PBG fiber.

Low bend loss optical fiber

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r 2 >8 microns and refractive index Δ 2 and a second outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region having refractive index Δ 4 , wherein Δ 1 >Δ 4 >Δ 2 . The difference between Δ 4 and Δ 2 is greater than 0.002 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r 1 /r 2 is greater or equal to 0.25.

Large core holey fibers

Holey fibers provide optical propagation. In various embodiments, a large core holey fiber comprises a cladding region formed by large holes arranged in few layers. The number of layers or rows of holes about the large core can be used to coarse tune the leakage losses of the fundamental and higher modes of a signal, thereby allowing the non-fundamental modes to be substantially eliminated by leakage over a given length of fiber. Fine tuning of leakage losses can be performed by adjusting the hole dimension and/or spacing to yield a desired operation with a desired leakage loss of the fundamental mode. Resulting holey fibers have a large hole dimension and spacing, and thus a large core, when compared to traditional fibers and conventional fibers that propagate a single mode. Other loss mechanisms, such as bend loss and modal spacing can be utilized for selected modes of operation of holey fibers.

Optical device and method for manufacturing the optical device

The invention provides an optical device and an optical device manufacturing method wherein provisions are made to be able to precisely align an optical fiber relative to a substrate without heating the substrate and to maintain the optimum alignment condition for an extended period of time. More specifically, the invention provides an optical device manufacturing method which includes the steps of forming a first metallic film on a portion of a substrate, forming a second metallic film on a portion of the outer circumference of an optical fiber, and bonding together the first metallic film and the second metallic film by surface activated bonding,, and an optical device manufactured by such a manufacturing method.

Apparatus for medical treatment of tissue by means of laser light

An apparatus for medical treatment by means of laser light includes an optical conducting fiber which has a curved light emission end and includes a core, a cladding arranged above the core for conducting laser light coupled into the optical conducting fiber, and capillaries arranged in the cladding, wherein the capillaries run in a longitudinal direction of the optical conducting fiber at a radial distance from a longitudinal axis of the optical conducting fiber and form a capillary ring when viewed in cross-section, wherein the capillaries have cavities which are separated by bridges which have a width which is smaller than a wavelength of the laser light, wherein the laser light emerges from a forward surface of the light emission end and is transmitted in a direction which runs transverse to a substantially straight longitudinal section located directly in front of a curvature which defines the curved light emission end.

Optical cable and method for manufacturing the optical cable

An optical cable includes an optical fiber, a primary coating coated on the optical fiber, and an outer coating coated on the primary coating. The optical cable is spiral, and can be compressed or stretched. The outer coating comprises about 40 to 70 weight percent of caoutchouc, about 20 to 50 weight percent of neoprene, about 0 to 6 weight percent of magnesium oxide, about 0 to 6 weight percent of zinc oxide, and about 0 to 6 weight percent of vulcanization accelerator.

FEW MODE OPTICAL FIBERS FOR Er DOPED AMPLIFIERS, AND AMPLIFIERS USING SUCH

According to some embodiments the optical fiber comprises: (i) a glass core doped with greater than 300 ppm of ErOand at least 0.5 wt % of AlO, with a radius Rfrom about 3 μm to about 15 μm, a relative refractive index delta Δfrom about between 0.3% to 2% relative to the glass cladding; an effective area of LP01 mode between 20 μmand 250 μmat 1550 nm, the glass core radius Rand refractive index are selected such that the core is capable of supporting the propagation and transmission of an optical signal with X number of LP modes at a wavelength of 1550 nm, wherein X is an integer greater than 1 and not greater than 20; and (ii) a glass cladding surrounding and in direct contact with the glass core. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '1', '1MAX', '1, 'sup': 2', '2, '(i) a glass core doped with greater than 300 ppm of ErOand at least 0.5 wt % of AlO, with a radius Rfrom about 3 μm to about 15 μm, a maximum relative refractive index delta Δfrom about between 0.3% to 2% relative to the glass cladding; an effective area of LP01 mode between 10 μmand 100 μmat 1550 nm, the glass core radius Rand refractive index are selected such that the core is capable of supporting the propagation and transmission of an optical signal with X number of LP modes at a wavelength of 1550 nm, wherein X is an integer greater than 1 and less than 20; and'}{'sub': 1MAX', '1MAX', '4MAX, '(ii) a glass cladding surrounding and in direct contact with the glass core, wherein the glass core comprises a maximum relative refractive index Δsuch that Δ>Δ,'}2. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '1', '1MAX, 'sup': 2', '2, '(i) a glass core doped with greater than 700 ppm of ErO, at least 0.5 wt % of AlOand 0 to 25 wt % of GeO, with a radius 3 μm≦R≦15 μm; a maximum relative refractive index delta Δfrom between 0.7 to 1.5% relatively to the glass cladding, an effective area of LP01 mode between 50 μmand 150 μmat 1550 nm, the glass core supporting the ...

Tapered optical fiber for supercontinuum generation

The invention relates to a tapered optical fiber and a method and drawing tower for producing such an optical fiber. The tapered optical fiber comprising a core region that is capable of guiding light along a longitudinal axis of said optical fiber and a cladding region surrounding said core region. The optical fiber comprises a tapered section arranged between a first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position, said tapered section comprising a first taper section having a first length, L 1 , over which the optical fiber is tapered down to a taper waist, and a second taper section having a second length, L 2 , over which said optical fiber is tapered up.

HOLEY OPTICAL FIBER WITH RANDOM PATTERN OF HOLES AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME

A random array of holes is created in an optical fiber by gas generated during fiber drawing. The gas forms bubbles which are drawn into long, microscopic holes. The gas is created by a gas generating material such as silicon nitride. Silicon nitride oxidizes to produce nitrogen oxides when heated. The gas generating material can alternatively be silicon carbide or other nitrides or carbides. The random holes can provide cladding for optical confinement when located around a fiber core. The random holes can also be present in the fiber core. The fibers can be made of silica. The present random hole fibers are particularly useful as pressure sensors since they experience a large wavelength dependant increase in optical loss when pressure or force is applied. 121-. (canceled)22. A method for making a random hole optical fiber , comprising the steps of:heating a fiber preform containing a gas generating material that generates gas bubbles when heated; anddrawing the heated fiber preform so that the bubbles are drawn into tubes.23. The method of wherein the gas generating material is silicon nitride.24. The method of wherein the gas generating material is provided in the preform in the form of a liquid precursor.25. The method of wherein the gas generating material is a nitride claim 22 , carbide claim 22 , metal nitrate or metal carbonate.26. The method of further comprising the step of supplying oxygen to the interior of the preform.27. The method of wherein the preform comprises a glass powder combined with the gas generating material.28. The method of wherein the gas bubbles are generated by oxidation of the gas generating material.2932-. (canceled)33. An optical fiber comprising:a core composed of a glass of a refractive index; anda cladding region composed of the same glass of the same refractive index, wherein the cladding region contains tubes which are random in diameter, length and radial position within the cladding region, and wherein the tubes taper on the ...

Medical system including a flexible waveguide mechanically coupled to an actuator

In general, in one aspect, the disclosure features a system that includes a flexible waveguide having a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis and a region surrounding the core, the region being configured to guide radiation from the CO 2 laser along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide. The system also includes a handpiece attached to the waveguide, wherein the handpiece allows an operator to control the orientation of the output end to direct the radiation to a target location of a patient and the handpiece includes a tip extending past the output end that provides a minimum standoff distance between the output end and the target location.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

Provided is a method for manufacturing an optical fiber. The method includes the steps of: heating and melting a silica-based optical fiber preform in a drawing furnace; drawing the melted preform into a linear shape from the drawing furnace, continuously cooling and solidifying the preform to form a bare optical fiber; coating the bare optical fiber with a resin to form an optical fiber; and continuously taking up the optical fiber while applying a tensile force, wherein, when a surface temperature of the cooled and solidified bare optical fiber reached down to 100° C. or lower, a surface of the bare optical fiber is reheated while applying a tensile force so as to remelt only a surface layer of the bare optical fiber, and the surface layer of the bare optical fiber is re-solidified, the bare optical fiber is coated with a resin, and the tensile force is released afterward. 1. A method for manufacturing an optical fiber comprising the steps of:heating and melting a silica-based optical fiber preform in a drawing furnace;drawing the melted preform into a linear shape from the drawing furnace, continuously cooling and solidifying the preform to form a bare optical fiber;coating the bare optical fiber with a resin to form an optical fiber; andcontinuously taking up the optical fiber while applying a tensile force using a take-up machine,wherein, when a surface temperature of the cooled and solidified bare optical fiber reached down to 100° C. or lower, a surface of the bare optical fiber is reheated while applying a tensile force so as to remelt only a surface layer of the bare optical fiber, andthe surface layer of the bare optical fiber that has been remelted is re-solidified, then, the bare optical fiber is coated with a resin, and the tensile force is released afterward, thereby obtaining an optical fiber having a residual compressive stress imparted to the surface layer in the bare optical fiber portion.2. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber according ...

COLORED COATED OPTICAL FIBER

The present invention provides a colored coated optical fiber which hardly has an increase in transmission loss even when immersed in water. A colored coated optical fiber according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a glass optical fiber, a primary coating layer covering the glass optical fiber, a secondary coating layer covering the primary coating layer, and a colored layer covering the secondary coating layer. A ratio of a thermal expansion coefficient of a laminate including the secondary coating layer and the colored layer covering the secondary coating layer to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.98 or more and 1.03 or less. A ratio of a glass transition temperature based on a dynamic viscoelasticity within a temperature range from −100° C. to 150° C. of the laminate to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.96 or more and 1.03 or less. 1. A colored coated optical fiber comprising:a glass optical fiber;a primary coating layer covering the glass optical fiber;a secondary coating layer covering the primary coating layer; anda colored layer covering the secondary coating layer, whereina ratio of a thermal expansion coefficient of a laminate including the secondary coating layer and the colored layer covering the secondary coating layer to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.98 or more and 1.03 or less, anda ratio of a glass transition temperature based on a dynamic viscoelasticity within a temperature range from −100° C. to 150° C. of the laminate to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.96 or more and 1.03 or less.2. An optical fiber ribbon comprising a plurality of the colored coated optical fibers according to arranged and collected using a ribbon resin. This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2011/005453, filed Sep. 28, 2011, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-261209, filed Nov. 24, 2010. The contents of the aforementioned applications are incorporated ...

Multicore optical fiber (variants)

The invention relates to optical fiber communications. A multicore optical fiber comprises at least two light-guiding cores made of doped fused silica with refractive indices n c1 , n c2 , n ck , each light-guiding core of the at least two light-guiding cores being surrounded by a respective arbitrarily shaped inner reflecting cladding made of fused silica or doped fused silica with refractive indices nc 11 , nc 12 , n clk , which are less than the refractive indices n c1 , n c2 , n ck of respective light-guiding cores; a continuous or intermittent barrier region made of fused silica and having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape, the barrier region being formed in the space between the inner reflecting claddings and an outer cladding of fused silica with refractive index n 0 , the barrier region having refractive index n b , which is less than the refractive index of each of the inner reflecting claddings; and an external protective coating. In another embodiment the barrier region can be formed of through holes in fused silica or doped fused silica.

OPTICAL FIBER

The present invention provides an optical fiber in which transmission loss is not easily increased when the optical fiber is dipped in water and then dried and also which has a solvent resistant property and a micro-bend resistant property. An optical fiber according to one embodiment of the present invention is an optical fiber in which at least two layers of coating resin coat the circumference of a glass optical fiber. When a Yang's modulus of the first coating layer of the coating resin is defined by PY (MPa) and an elution rate of the coating resin after dipping in 60° C. hot water for 168 hours is defined by E (mass·%), a formula of 1.8≦E≦8.61×PY+1.40 is satisfied. 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe coating layer on the outermost side of the coating resin is a colored layer of colored resin.3. An optical fiber ribbon claim 1 , wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'a plurality of optical fibers according to are arranged in parallel, and further a coating layer coats the optical fibers arranged in parallel.'} This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2012/000661, filed Feb. 1, 2012, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-022588, filed Feb. 4, 2011. The contents of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.The present invention relates to an optical fiber, and particularly relates to an optical fiber placed within an optical fiber cable.Recently, according to the progress in FTTH (Fiber to The Home), it is required to improve a micro-bend resistant property of an optical fiber in order to reduce transmission loss in the optical fiber.The transmission loss in the optical fiber is increased by various kinds of external stress and micro-bend generated thereby. In order to protect the optical fiber from the external stress, generally in the optical fiber, a glass optical fiber is provided with a resin coating ...

COATED OPTICAL FIBER

A coated glass fiber comprising a glass fiber and one or more coating layers each composed of an ultraviolet curable resin on the outer circumference of the glass fiber , wherein the ultraviolet curable resin constituting at least one of the coating layers is formed of an ultraviolet curable coating material containing a silane coupling agent and a photoacid generator. The coated optical fiber coated optical fiber having a high dynamic fatigue coefficient since adhesion between the surface of the glass fiber and the resin coating layer is satisfactory. 1. A coated optical fiber comprising a glass fiber and one or more coating layers each composed of an ultraviolet curable resin on the outer circumference of the glass fiber ,wherein the ultraviolet curable resin constituting at least one of the coating layers is formed of an ultraviolet curable coating material containing a silane coupling agent and a photoacid generator.2. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein pH of the coating layer is 5 or lower.3. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the photoacid generator in the ultraviolet curable coating material is from 0.25 to 3% by weight.4. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein pullout force for pulling out the glass fiber from the coating layer is 0.5 kg or more and 1.5 kg or less.5. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein an increase in transmission loss when it is placed at −40° C. for 2 hours is 0.03 dB/km or less.6. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the photoacid generator in the ultraviolet curable coating material is from 0.25 to 2.5% by weight.7. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the photoacid generator in the ultraviolet curable coating material is from 0.25 to 2.5% by weight and an increase in transmission loss when the fiber is placed at −40° C. for 2 hours is 0.03 dB/km or less.8. The coated optical ...

OPTICAL FIBER PREFORM, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER PREFORM, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

A porous layer is formed by depositing a silica glass particle around a core rod. The porous layer is dehydrated. The dehydrated porous layer is sintered under a decreased pressure until the dehydrated porous layer becomes a translucent glass layer containing a closed pore. The translucent glass layer is vitrified under an ambient atmosphere including an inert gas other than a helium gas. 1. (canceled)2. An optical fiber preform including a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer , whereinthe cladding layer is in a state of a translucent glass containing a closed pore inside, anda leading edge of the cladding layer on a side of starting a drawing is in a state of a transparent glass free of the closed pore.3. The optical fiber preform according to claim 2 , whereinan average density of a first portion of the state of the translucent glass is equal to or more than 1.8 grams per cubic centimeter and less than 2.2 grams per cubic centimeter.4. The optical fiber preform according to claim 2 , whereina second portion of the state of the transparent glass of the leading edge of the cladding layer on the side of starting the drawing includes at least a leading-edge tapered portion.5. The optical fiber preform according to claim 2 , whereinwhen placing the optical fiber preform in a drawing furnace before starting the drawing process, the second portion on the side of starting the drawing process is entirely placed in the drawing furnace. This application is a division of and is based upon and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 for U.S. Ser. No. 11/288,311, filed Nov. 29, 2005, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference, and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2004-344588, filed Nov. 29, 2004, 2004-364929, filed Dec. 16, 2004, 2005-241301, filed Aug. 23, 2005, 2004-364930, filed Dec. 16, 2004, 2005-241302, filed Aug. 23, 2005 and 2005-117310, filed Apr. 14, 2005.1 ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

An inexpensive low-attenuation optical fiber suitable for use as an optical transmission line in an optical access network is a silica based glass optical fiber and includes a core including the center axis, an optical cladding surrounding the core, and a jacket surrounding the optical cladding. The core contains GeOand has a relative refractive index difference Δcore, based on the optical cladding, greater than or equal to 0.35% and less than or equal to 0.50% and has a refractive index volume v greater than or equal to 0.045 μmand less than or equal to 0.095 μm. The jacket has a relative refractive index difference ΔJ greater than or equal to 0.03% and less than or equal to 0.20%. Glass constituting the core has a fictive temperature higher than or equal to 1400° C. and lower than or equal to 1590° C. Residual stress in the core is compressive stress that has an absolute value greater than or equal to 5 MPa. 2. (canceled)3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereina 2-m fiber cutoff wavelength is greater than or equal to 1260 nm,a 22-m cable cutoff wavelength is less than or equal to 1260 nm,a mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1310 nm is greater than or equal to 8.2 μm and less than or equal to 9 μm, andan attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.18 dB/km.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe residual stress in part of 50% or more of the cross-sectional area of the jacket in a cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the fiber is tensile stress.5. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the residual stress in the core is less than or equal to 30 MPa.6. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinan increment in attenuation due to OH groups at a wavelength of 1383 nm is less than or equal to 0.02 dB/km.7. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe core is doped with fluorine.8. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , further comprising:a primary coating and a ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber comprising a core layer composed of a silica based glass, a clad layer formed on the outer circumference of the core layer by curing a curable resin composition, and an ink layer formed around the clad layer , wherein adhesive force between the core layer and the clad layer being from 1.5 g/mm to 4.0 g/mm. 1. An optical fiber comprising a core layer composed of a silica based glass , a clad layer formed on the outer circumference of the core layer by curing a curable resin composition , and an ink layer formed so as to come into contact with the outer circumference of the clad layer ,wherein adhesive force between the core layer and the clad layer is from 1.5 g/mm to 4.0 g/mm.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the ink layer is formed of a composition containing a coloring pigment and an ultraviolet curable urethane (meth)acrylate compound.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the curable resin composition for forming the clad layer contains at least one compound selected from a fluorine atom-containing urethane (meth)acrylate, a (meth)acrylate compound having a fluorinated polyether in the structure, and a (meth)acrylated fluorine atom-containing vinyl polymer and fluorine content in the clad layer is from 20 to 60 wt %.4. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , {'br': None, 'sub': '3', 'Z—R—Si(X)\u2003\u2003General formula, 'wherein the curable resin composition contains an alkoxysilane represented by the following general formula in an amount of 0.2 to 1 wt %,'}{'sub': 3', '2', '5', 'n', '2n, 'wherein Z represents a (meth)acryl group, a mercapto group, or an epoxy group, X represents —OCHor —OCH, and R represents CH, where n equals 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.'}5. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , {'br': None, 'sub': '3', 'Z—R—Si(X)\u2003\u2003General formula, 'wherein the curable resin composition contains an alkoxysilane represented by the following general formula in an amount of 0.2 to 1 wt %,'}{'sub': 3', '2', '5', ' ...

D1451 radiation curable supercoatings for single mode optical fiber

The first aspect of the instant claimed invention is a method of formulating radiation curable Supercoatings for application to an optical fiber used in a telecommunications network. A Multi-layer Film Drawdown Method useful in the Method of formulating radiation curable Supercoatings is also described and claimed. Single mode Optical fibers coated with specific radiation curable Supercoatings are also described and claimed.

Reduced-Diameter Optical Fiber

Disclosed is a reduced-diameter optical fiber that employs a novel coating system. When combined with a bend-insensitive glass fiber, the novel coating system according to the present invention yields an optical fiber having exceptionally low losses. The coating system features (i) a softer primary coating with excellent low-temperature characteristics to protect against microbending in any environment and in the toughest physical situations and, optionally, (ii) a colored secondary coating possessing enhanced color strength and vividness. The secondary coating provides improved ribbon characteristics for structures that are robust, yet easily entered (i.e., separated and stripped). The optional dual coating is specifically balanced for superior heat stripping in fiber ribbons, with virtually no residue left behind on the glass. This facilitates fast splicing and terminations. The improved coating system provides optical fibers that offer significant advantages for deployment in most, if not all, fiber-to-the-premises (FTTx) systems. 1. A reduced-diameter optical fiber , comprising:a glass fiber;a substantially cured primary coating surrounding said glass fiber, wherein said primary coating defines a primary coating layer; anda secondary coating surrounding said primary coating, wherein said secondary coating defines a secondary coating layer;wherein the optical fiber has an outer diameter of less than about 210 microns; andwherein, at a wavelength of 1310 nanometers, the optical fiber possesses absolute fiber attenuation of less than 2.0 dB/km as measured at 23° C., −40° C., and/or −60° C. in accordance with a modified IEC TR62221 fixed-diameter sandpaper drum test (“Reduced-Diameter Optical-Fiber Microbend Sensitivity Test”) in which a 440-meter fiber sample is wound in a single layer at about 1,470 mN on a 300-mm diameter quartz drum that is wrapped with 320-grit sandpaper to create a rough surface.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , at ...

UNIVERSAL OPTICAL FIBRE WITH SUPER GAUSSIAN PROFILE

The present disclosure provides an optical fibre (). The optical fibre () includes a glass core region (). The glass core region () has a core relative refractive index profile. The core relative refractive index profile is a super Gaussian profile. In addition, the optical fibre () includes a glass cladding region () over the glass core region (). The optical fibre () has at least one of a mode field diameter in a range of 8.7 micrometers to 9.7 micrometers at wavelength of 1310 nanometers and an attenuation up to 0.18 dB/km. The optical fibre () has at least one of macro-bend loss up to 0.5 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter. The optical fibre () has a macro-bend loss up to 1.0 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter. 1100. An optical fibre () comprising:{'b': '102', 'a glass core region () having a core relative refractive index profile, wherein the core relative refractive index profile is a super gaussian profile; and'}{'b': 108', '102', '100', '100, 'a glass cladding region () over the glass core region (), wherein the optical fibre () has at least one of a mode field diameter in a range of 8.7 micrometers to 9.7 micrometers at a wavelength of 1310 nanometer and an attenuation up to 0.18 dB/km, wherein the optical fibre () has at least one of macro-bend loss up to 0.5 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter, and macro-bend loss up to 1.0 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter.'}2100100. The optical fibre () as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the optical fibre () has at least one of a zero dispersion wavelength in a range of 1300 nanometer to 1324 nanometer and a cable cut off wavelength of up to 1260 nanometer.3100104108. The optical fibre () as claimed in further comprising a buffer region () before the glass cladding region ...

Method for manufacturing preform for photonic band gap fiber, method for manufacturing photonic band gap fiber, preform for photonic band gap fiber, and photonic band gap fiber

A photonic band gap fiber 1 includes a hollow core region 10 and a band gap region 27 in a honeycomb shape surrounding the core region 10 and having a plurality of holes 21 formed in a glass body 22 . The holes 21 are surrounded by columnar glass bodies 25 disposed on three alternate apexes of a hexagon HEX and plate glass bodies 26 disposed so as to join the columnar glass bodies 25 to the other three apexes of the hexagon HEX. The columnar glass bodies 25 are disposed in a triangular lattice shape.

Amplifying apparatus and amplifying medium

An amplifying apparatus includes an optical fiber that includes a wound portion doped with a rare earth element and three-dimensionally wound, holes being formed in cladding of the optical fiber and surrounding a core of the optical fiber, the optical fiber transmitting signal light injected thereinto; a thermally conductive member in which the wound portion of the optical fiber embedded, the thermally conductive member having thermal conductivity; a light source that emits excitation light; an injecting unit that injects the excitation light emitted by the light source, into the optical fiber; and a temperature adjusting unit that includes a thermal coupling unit thermally connected to the light source and the thermally conductive member, the temperature adjusting unit adjusting a temperature of the thermal coupling unit.

OPTICAL FIBER WITH LARGE EFFECTIVE AREA AND LOW BENDING LOSS

An optical fiber with large effective area, low bending loss and low attenuation. The optical fiber includes a core, an inner cladding region, and an outer cladding region. The core region includes a spatially uniform updopant to minimize low Rayleigh scattering and a relative refractive index and radius configured to provide large effective area. The inner cladding region features a large trench volume to minimize bending loss. The core may be doped with Cl and the inner cladding region may be doped with F. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', 'l, 'a core region comprising Cl-doped silica glass having a chlorine concentration greater than 1.5 wt %, said core region having an outer radius rin the range from 6.0 microns to 10.0 microns and a relative refractive index A;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'an inner cladding region surrounding said core region, said inner cladding region having an outer radius rin the range from 22 microns to 38 microns and a relative refractive index Δ; and'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, 'an outer cladding region surrounding said inner cladding region, said outer cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ, said relative refractive index Δexceeding said relative refractive index Δby at least 0.06%;'}{'sup': '2', 'wherein said optical fiber has a cable cutoff of less than 1550 nm, an effective area at 1550 nm of at least 100 micron, and a bending loss at 1550 nm, determined from a mandrel wrap test using a mandrel with a diameter of 20 mm, of less than 3.5 dB/turn.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cable cutoff is less than 1500 nm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cable cutoff is less than 1450 nm4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core is free of Ge.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 7.0 μm to 10.0 μm.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said relative refractive index Δis in the range from 0.08% to 0.30%.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said relative ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber which comprises a core and a cladding, a primary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the glass fiber, and a secondary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the primary resin coating layer. The glass fiber is a multimode fiber having a core diameter of 40-60 μm and a cladding diameter of 90-110 μm, and the primary resin coating layer is a layer formed by curing a curable resin composition which comprises oligomers, monomers, and a reaction initiator, the curable resin composition containing a one-end-capped oligomer in an amount of 30% by mass or larger based on all the oligomers. 1. An optical fiber comprising a glass fiber which comprises a core and a cladding , a primary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the glass fiber , and a secondary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the primary resin coating layer , whereinthe glass fiber is a multimode fiber having a core diameter of 40-60 μm and a cladding diameter of 90-110 μm, andthe primary resin coating layer is a layer formed by curing a curable resin composition which comprises oligomers, monomers, and a reaction initiator, the curable resin composition containing a one-end-capped oligomer in an amount of 30% by mass or larger based on all the oligomers.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the primary resin coating layer has a Young's modulus of 0.5 MPa or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , which has a non-strippable resin coating layer disposed between the cladding and the primary resin coating layer claim 1 , the non-strippable resin layer having an outer diameter of 122-128 μm.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the glass fiber has claim 1 , on the periphery of the core claim 1 , a trench which is a portion having a lower refractive index than the cladding claim 1 , and wherein the core has a refractive index difference of 0.7% or larger claim 1 , the trench has a ...

Temperature Sensor

A temperature sensor and temperature sensing system for sensing changes m temperature up to a predetermined temperature is disclosed. The temperature sensor includes a microstructured optical fiber where the micro-structured optical fiber includes a plurality of longitudinal channels extending along the microstructured optical fiber. The sensor also includes a fiber Bragg grating formed in the microstructured optical, fiber by generating a periodic modulation in the refractive index along a core region of the microstructured optical fiber. The fiber Bragg grating is operable to produce band reflection at a reflection wavelength that varies in accordance with changes in temperature at the core region of the optical fiber. 1. A temperature sensor for sensing changes in temperature up to a predetermined temperature , comprising:a microstructured optical fiber, the microstructured optical fiber including a plurality of longitudinal channels extending along the microstructured optical fiber; anda fiber Bragg grating formed in the microstructured optical fiber by generating a periodic modulation in the refractive index along a core region of the microstructured optical fiber, wherein the fiber Bragg grating is operable to produce band reflection at a reflection wavelength that varies in accordance with changes in temperature at the core region of the optical fiber.2. The temperature sensor of claim 1 , wherein the periodic modulation in the refractive index along the core region is formed by laser ablating defects along the core region of the microstructured optical fiber.3. The temperature sensor of claim 2 , wherein the structure of the microstructured optical fiber is configured to facilitate the laser ablating defects along the core region of the microstructured optical fiber.4. The temperature sensor of claim 3 , wherein the structure of the microstructured optical fiber includes a single longitudinal channel extending between the core region and an outer cladding ...

HIGH TEMPERATURE RADIO FREQUENCY RESISTANT FIBER OPTIC CABLE

A high temperature radio frequency (RF) resistant fiber optic cable is provided. The cable includes an innermost fiber layer, a first coating layer covering the innermost fiber, a second coating layer covering the first coating layer, and a third coating layer covering the second coating layer. The composition and thickness of the coating layers can be changed to achieve the desired temperature resistance and characteristics. 1. A fiber optic cable comprising:an innermost fiber layer comprises at least one fiber;a first coating layer covering the innermost fiber layer;a second coating layer covering the first coating layer; anda third coating layer covering the second coating layer, whereinthe second coating layer is a glass matrix layer comprising resin and at least one of glass filaments, yarns and rovings, andthe third coating layer is a high temperature plastic layer.2. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe first coating layer comprises at least one of silicone (Si) and Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).3. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe high temperature plastic layer comprises a high temperature polymer.4. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe high temperature plastic layer comprises a high temperature fluoropolymer.5. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe high temperature plastic layer comprises at least one of Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and Perfluoroalkoxy (methyl vinyl ether (MFA)).6. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe innermost fiber layer comprises more than one fiber.7. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe resin in the Mass matrix layer acts as a strength member of the fiber optic cable by binding the at least one of glass filaments, yarns and rovings together.8. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe first coating layer, second coating layer and the third coating layers are applied in a round structure.9. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , whereinthe first coating layer ...

KIND OF LOW MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY PM-PCF BASED ON MECHANICAL BUFFER

The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer is obtained by adding buffer structures in the cladding layer of the photonic crystal fiber. In the center of the fiber, the core region contains at least 3 layers of air-holes, enclosed by the cladding layer. The buffer structures are placed in the cladding layer. These buffer structures are formed by replacing silica of any shape by air, and are symmetrically located in X-axis and Y-axis directions to achieve mechanical isotropy. The buffer structures improve the fiber's performance in fiber coiling and stress conditions. Therefore, the fiber optic gyroscope using the PM-PCF can do without a magnetic shield, thus greatly reducing the weight of the fiber optic gyroscope and extending the scope of its application. Compared with the conventional commercial PCF, the PM-PCF provides the fiber optic gyroscope with lower temperature sensitivity and improved accuracy. 1. A low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer , comprising a photonic crystal fiber with a core region and a cladding layer enclosing the core region , wherein:the core region comprises at least 3 layers of air-holes and two enlarged air-holes of a dimension greater than that of each of the other air-holes;at least two buffer structures are formed in the cladding layer and positioned symmetrically with respect to an X-axis and/or a Y-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system having an origin at a center of the core region, wherein the two enlarged air-holes are positioned along the X-axis; andeach of the buffer structures is formed by replacing silica of any shape by air.2. The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer of claim 1 , wherein the core region has 3 layers of air-holes.3. The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer of claim 1 , wherein no solid materials are filled in the buffer structures during fabrication thereof.4. The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer of ...

COATED LOW LOSS OPTICAL FIBER WITH SMALL DIAMETER

A multi-purpose optical fiber with coating is provided. The optical fiber can function as a transmission fiber or as a coupling fiber for optical data links that features low coupling loss to silicon photonics lasers, VCSELs, single mode transmission fibers, multimode transmission fibers, and high speed receivers. The fiber includes a core, an optional inner cladding region, a depressed index cladding region, an outer cladding region, and a coating. The relative refractive index profile of the coupling fiber includes a small-radius core region with α profile and a depressed index cladding region that facilitates low bending loss and high bandwidth. The coating thickness and overall diameter of the fiber is small. 2. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 13 μm to 17 μm.3. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding includes a depressed index cladding region surrounding said core region and an outer cladding region surrounding said depressed index cladding region claim 1 , said depressed index cladding region having an inner radius in the range from 10 μm to 20 μm claim 1 , an outer radius rin the range from 14 μm to 24 μm claim 1 , and a relative refractive index Δin the range from −0.8% to −0.1%.4. The multimode optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said depressed index cladding region has an inner radius in the range from 13 μm to 18 μm.5. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said effective modal bandwidth at 1310 nm is at least 4 GHz-km.6. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said multimode optical fiber has a mode field diameter for the LP01 mode at 1310 nm between 8.8 μm and 9.6 μm.7. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding has an outer radius rin the range from 35 μm to 45 μm.8. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said coating has an outer radius rless than 90 μm.13. The optical data link of claim 12 , wherein said light source is a ...

MULTI-PURPOSE SEALING DEVICE

A multi-purpose sealing device is described herein for use in a port structure of fiber terminal, telecommunication enclosure; or a bulkhead. The exemplary sealing device has a body having an open end and a closed end, wherein the closed end includes a removable portion and a pulling device to facilitate removal of the exemplary sealing device from a port structure. In one aspect, the exemplary sealing device is a single part made of a resilient material, while an alternative aspect, the exemplary sealing device includes a rigid connection portion disposed within the open end of the body. The exemplary device can be used as a dust cap or plug prior to making a service connection and/or it can be used as a port/cable sealing device after the service connection is made. 1. A multi-purpose sealing device for a port structure in a fiber terminal , enclosure or bulkhead , the sealing device comprising:a body having an open end and a closed end, wherein the closed end includes a removable portion and a pulling device to facilitate removal of the exemplary sealing device from the exemplary sealing device from a port structure, anda connection portion configured to secure the sealing device in the port structure.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the pulling device is a pulling loop.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the body and the connection portion is a single part made of a resilient material.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the connection portion is a rigid plastic part fitted into the open end of the body.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the body is overmolded onto at least a portion of the connection portion.6. The device of claim 4 , wherein the body is formed of a resilient material.7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the resilient material is one of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber claim 6 , a silicone rubber and an ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.8. The device of claim 6 , wherein the resilient material has a Shore A hardness from about 30 to about 50.9 ...

RESONANT FIBER OPTIC GYROSCOPE WITH HOLLOW CORE FIBER

A resonant fiber optic gyroscope comprises: a ring resonator including a fiber coil fabricated from a first type of hollow core fiber; a light source to produce at least two light beams, wherein a first light beam is configured to travel in a clockwise direction in the ring resonator and a second light beam is configured to travel in a counterclockwise direction in the ring resonator; a filter resonator assembly coupled between the light source and the ring resonator including: at least two short pieces of optical fiber shorter in length than the fiber coil, the at least two short pieces of optical fiber fabricated from the first type of hollow core fiber; and wherein prior to the beams entering the ring resonator, a plurality of reflective devices are configured to condition the beams such that they excite the fundamental mode of the hollow core fiber within the ring resonator. 1. A resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) comprising:a ring resonator including a fiber coil fabricated from a first type of hollow core fiber;at least one light source to produce at least two light beams, wherein a first light beam of the at least two light beams is configured to travel in a clockwise direction in the ring resonator and a second light beam of the at least two light beams is configured to travel in a counterclockwise direction in the ring resonator; at least two short pieces of optical fiber, wherein the at least two short pieces of optical fiber are shorter in length than the fiber coil, and wherein the at least two short pieces of optical fiber are fabricated from the first type of hollow core fiber; and', 'a plurality of reflective devices, wherein prior to the first light beam and the second light beam entering the ring resonator, the plurality of reflective devices are configured to condition the first light beam and the second light beam such that they excite the fundamental mode of the hollow core fiber within the ring resonator., 'a filter resonator assembly coupled ...

LIGHT GUIDE PLATE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, BACKLIGHT MODULE, DISPLAY DEVICE AND TERMINAL

A light guide plate includes a light guide plate body and at least one light transmitting component disposed in the light guide plate body. The light guide plate body has at least one light incident surface. A light transmitting component of the at least one light transmitting component is configured to transmit a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body from a light incident surface of the light guide plate body to a first region of the light guide plate body. 1. A light guide plate , comprising:a light guide plate body, wherein the light guide plate body has at least one light incident surface; andat least one light transmitting component disposed in the light guide plate body, wherein a a light transmitting component of the at least one light transmitting component is configured to transmit a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body from a light incident surface of the light guide plate body to a first region of the light guide plate body.2. The light guide plate according to claim 1 , wherein the light transmitting component includes a first end and a second end claim 1 , the first end of the light transmitting component is configured to receive the portion of light that enters the light guide plate body claim 1 , and the second end of the light transmitting component is configured to allow the portion of light that enters the light guide plate body to exit from the light transmitting component; andthe second end is substantially located in the first region or is located in the first region.3. The light guide plate according to claim 1 , wherein the light transmitting component includes at least one optical fiber claim 1 , each optical fiber includes a first end and a second end claim 1 , the first end of the optical fiber is configured to receive a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body claim 1 , and the second end of the optical fiber is configured to allow light received by the first end of the optical fiber to ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

An optical fiber that is a photonic crystal fiber in which a plurality of holes is arranged along a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber, having a predetermined bending radius R determined according to a transmission distance L of the optical fiber and optical power output from the optical fiber, and having an inter-hole distance Λ and a ratio d/Λ between a hole diameter d and the inter-hole distance Λ such that light of a predetermined number of modes is transmitted and a bending loss of the light of a fundamental mode with the predetermined bending radius R is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value. 1. An optical fiber in which a plurality of holes is arranged along a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber and a region surrounded by the plurality of holes is formed as a core region , the optical fiber having:a predetermined bending radius determined according to a transmission distance of the optical fiber and light power output from the optical fiber, andan inter-hole distance of the plurality of holes and a ratio between a hole diameter of the plurality of holes and the inter-hole distance such that light of a predetermined number of modes is transmitted and a bending loss of light of a fundamental mode with the predetermined bending radius becomes a predetermined value or smaller.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 'eff', 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sub': 'eff', 'sup': 'b', 'A≤aR\u2003\u2003(Expression C1)'}, 'wherein, when a and b are coefficients, an effective cross-sectional area Aof the optical fiber and the predetermined bending radius R have a relationship represented by following expression.'}3. The optical fiber according to claim 2 ,wherein the coefficient a is 6.6 or larger and 6.9 or smaller, andthe coefficient b is 0.97 or larger.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the predetermined bending radius is 500 mm or smaller,a hole defect corresponding to one hole forming the core region is included in the ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding; and a coating resin layer coating the glass fiber, wherein the coating resin layer has a primary resin layer in contact with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber and a secondary resin layer coating the outer periphery of the primary resin layer, the primary resin layer has a Young's modulus of 0.4 MPa or less at 23° C. and the primary resin layer has an outer diameter of 185 μm or more and 202 μm or less, the secondary resin layer has a glass transition temperature of 60° C. or more and 95° C. or less, and the difference between the average linear expansion coefficient of the coating resin layer in the range of 60° C. to 140° C. and the average linear expansion coefficient of the coating resin layer in the range of −60° C. to 0° C. is 0.7×10/° C. or less. 1. An optical fiber comprising:a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding; anda coating resin layer coating the glass fiber,wherein the coating resin layer has a primary resin layer in contact with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber and a secondary resin layer coating the outer periphery of the primary resin layer,the primary resin layer has a Young's modulus of 0.4 MPa or less at 23° C. and the primary resin layer has an outer diameter of 185 μm or more and 202 μm or less,the secondary resin layer has a glass transition temperature of 60° C. or more and 95° C. or less, and{'sup': '−4', 'a difference between an average linear expansion coefficient of the coating resin layer in the range of 60° C. to 140° C. and an average linear expansion coefficient of the coating resin layer in the range of −60° C. to 0° C. is 0.7×10/° C. or less.'}2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the primary resin layer comprises a cured product of a resin composition containing a urethane oligomer claim 1 , a monomer and a photopolymerization initiator claim 1 , and the resin composition contains 40 mass % or more of a one-end non- ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber includes a glass portion, a primary coating layer, and a secondary coating layer. In the optical fiber, a value of microbend loss characteristic factor Fis 2.6 ([GPa·μm·dB/turn]·10) or less, when represented by 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the value of the microbend loss characteristic factor is 1.3 ([GPa·μm·dB/turn]·10) or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a coating thickness of a sum of the thickness of the primary coating layer and the thickness of the secondary coating layer is 42.0 μm or less.4. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 38.0 μm or less.5. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 36.5 μm or less.6. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 34.5 μm or less.7. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 34.0 μm or less.8. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 65 μm or more and 100 μm or less.9. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 90 μm or less.10. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 80 μm or less.11. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 75 μm or less.12. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 70 μm or less.13. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the mode field diameter of light having a wavelength of 1310 nm is 7.6 μm or more and 8.7 μm or less claim 3 , the cable cutoff wavelength is 1260 nm or less claim 3 , zero dispersion wavelength is 1300 nm or more and 1324 nm or less claim 3 , and zero dispersion slope is 0.073 ps/km/nm or more and 0.092 ps/km/nm or less.14. The optical fiber according to claim 13 , wherein the macrobend loss of light having a wavelength of 1625 ...

OPTICAL FIBERS, METHODS OF THEIR FORMATION, AND METHODS OF THEIR USE

An example of an optical fiber includes an attenuating cladding disposed around a first waveguide (e.g., a core) and a waveguide (e.g., a waveguide cladding) disposed around the attenuating cladding. An attenuating cladding may be a doped layer that may be doped with, for example, a dopant comprising metal. A first waveguide and a second waveguide may each transmit light for a distinct sample characterization technique. An example of an optical fiber includes a core, a first intermediate cladding disposed around the core, an attenuating cladding disposed around the first intermediate cladding, an attenuating cladding disposed around the first intermediate cladding, a second intermediate cladding disposed around the attenuating cladding, a waveguide cladding disposed around the second intermediate cladding, and outer cladding disposed around the waveguide cladding, and an outer coating around the outer cladding. An optical fiber may be formed using a rod-in-tube process. 1. An optical fiber (e.g. , a characterization fiber) comprising a first waveguide (e.g. , a core) , an attenuating cladding disposed around the first waveguide , and a second waveguide (e.g. , a waveguide cladding) disposed around the attenuating cladding.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the attenuating cladding comprises a dopant.3. The optical fiber of or claim 1 , wherein the attenuating cladding comprises a glass claim 1 , wherein the dopant is dispersed within the glass.4. The optical fiber of or claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises a metal.5. The optical fiber of claim 4 , wherein the dopant comprises a metallic oxide or a metallic chloride.6. The optical fiber of claim 5 , wherein the dopant is a pure metal.7. The optical fiber of or claim 5 , wherein the dopant comprises boron.8. The optical fiber of or claim 5 , wherein the dopant comprises one or more Rayleigh scatterers.9. The optical fiber of any one of the preceding claims claim 5 , wherein the attenuating cladding is opaque. ...

LIFETIME EXTENDING AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS OF OPTICAL FIBERS VIA LOADING

A method of making a microstructured optical fiber including loading the core and cladding materials of the fiber with hydrogen and deuterium at a loading temperature; annealing the fiber at a selected temperature T; pumping the fiber with radiation; and reducing the temperature of the fiber and storing the fiber at the reduced temperature before the step of pumping the fiber; and wherein the method allows the hydrogen and the deuterium to become bound to the core material and the cladding material. 1. (canceled)2. An optical supercontinuum system comprising an optical fiber and a feeding unit wherein said feeding unit is a pulsed pump light source and is adapted to feed said optical fiber with pulses with a peak power density within said fiber equal to or higher than 10 W/μm , wherein said optical fiber comprises a core and a cladding , comprising a core material and a cladding material , respectively , at least a part of the core comprising silica , and wherein said fiber is a non-linear microstructured optical fiber , wherein said non-linear microstructured optical fiber comprises hydrogen and/or deuterium bound to said core material.3. The optical supercontinuum system of claim 2 , wherein said core material has a Germanium content of less than or equal to 20 at %.4. The optical supercontinuum system of claim 2 , wherein said feeding unit is adapted to feed said fiber with pulses with a peak power density within said fiber of equal to or higher than 50 W/μm.5. The optical supercontinuum system of claim 2 , wherein said fiber is adapted to guide light for at least a range of wavelengths λto λand has a non-linear parameter γ wherein for at least part of said range the product of the wavelength X and the non-linear parameter γ is more than or equal to 4·10W.6. The optical supercontinuum system of claim 2 , wherein said fiber has a lifetime until the absorption of light in the visible has decreased by more than 40% claim 2 , wherein said lifetime is more than 100 ...

PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBER AND FIBER LASER DEVICE USING SAME

There is provided a photonic bandgap fiber used in a state in which at least a part of the photonic bandgap fiber is bent at radii of 15 cm or greater and 25 cm or less. A large number of high refractive index portions are disposed in a nineteen-cell core type in three layers, and a V value is 1.5 or greater and 1.63 or less. In the high refractive index portions , conditions are defined that a relative refractive index difference is Δ% and a lattice constant is Λ μm so as to remove light in a higher mode at the bent portion as described above. 2. The photonic bandgap fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the core region is doped with an active element.3. A fiber laser device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the photonic bandgap fiber according to ;'}a seed light source configured to emit seed light incident on the core region of the photonic bandgap fiber; anda pumping light source configured to emit pumping light to pump the active element of the photonic bandgap fiber.4. A fiber laser device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the photonic bandgap fiber according to ;'}a pumping light source configured to emit pumping light to pump the active element of the photonic bandgap fiber;a first FBG provided on one side of the photonic bandgap fiber and configured to reflect light having at least a part of a wavelength of light emitted from the active element pumped by the pumping light; anda second FBG provided on another side of the photonic bandgap fiber and configured to reflect light having at least a part of a wavelength of the light reflected at the first FBG at a reflectance lower than in the first FBG. The present invention relates to a photonic bandgap fiber that can propagate light of great power while removing light in a higher mode and propagating light in a fundamental mode, and a fiber laser device using the same.A fiber laser device is known as one of laser devices used in the fields of processing ...

RESIN COMPOSITION, OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL FIBER

A resin composition for coating an optical fiber comprises: a base resin containing a photopolymerizable compound and a photopolymerization initiator; and hydrophobic inorganic oxide particles, wherein the photopolymerizable compound comprises urethane (meth)acrylate and aliphatic epoxy (meth)acrylate, and the content of the aliphatic epoxy (meth)acrylate is 1.0% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less based on the total amount of the photopolymerizable compound. 1: A resin composition for coating an optical fiber , comprising:a base resin comprising a photopolymerizable compound and a photopolymerization initiator; andhydrophobic inorganic oxide particles,wherein the photopolymerizable compound comprises urethane (meth)acrylate and aliphatic epoxy (meth)acrylate, and a content of the aliphatic epoxy (meth)acrylate is 1.0% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less based on a total amount of the photopolymerizable compound.2: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic epoxy (meth)acrylate has an ethylene oxide group or a propylene oxide group.3: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the photopolymerizable compound further comprises an epoxy (meth)acrylate having an aromatic ring.4: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide particles are particles comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide claim 1 , zirconium dioxide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , tin oxide claim 1 , and zinc oxide.5: An optical fiber comprising:a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding;a primary resin layer being in contact with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber; anda secondary resin layer coating the primary resin layer,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the secondary resin layer comprises a cured product of the resin composition according to .'}6: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber claim 1 , ...

OPTICAL FIBER COATINGS

An optical fiber comprising a core, a cladding disposed about the core, and a primary coating disposed about the cladding. The primary coating is cured during draw to at least eighty-five percent (85%) of the primary coating's fully cured primary-coating in situ modulus (P-ISM) value. 1. A rollable-ribbon (RR) fiber-optic cable , comprising: a core;', 'a cladding disposed about the core; and', {'b': '1', 'a primary coating disposed about the cladding during an optical fiber draw process, the primary coating being disposed at a draw speed of at least thirty meters-per-second (30 m/s), the primary coating being ultraviolet light (UV) cured to a primary-coating in situ modulus (P-ISM) value of less than 0.45 megapascals (MPa), the primary coating further being cured during the draw process to at least eighty-five percent (85%) of a fully cured P-ISM value, the primary coating being cured at a temperature that is greater than one hundred degrees Celsius (100° C.), the primary coating comprising a UV-curable acrylate-based composition, the UV-curable acrylate-based composition comprising between approximately 0.001 weight percent (˜0.001 wt %) to approximately five (˜5) wt % of a mercapto-containing compound, the primary coating comprising a primary photoinitiator prior to curing that absorbs light in a primary wavelength range (λ) that is between approximately 365 nanometers (nm) and approximately 405 nm (˜365 nm<λ1<˜405 nm);'}, {'b': 2', '2, 'a secondary coating disposed about the primary coating, the secondary coating comprising a secondary photoinitiator prior to curing that absorbs light in a secondary wavelength range (λ) that is between approximately 300 nm and approximately 360 nanometers (˜300 nm<λ<˜360 nm); and'}, 'UV-curable adhesive disposed at predetermined locations in the array, the UV-curable adhesive flexibly adhering together adjacent optical fibers at the predetermined locations., 'optical fibers arranged in a predetermined array, each optical fiber ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL CABLE

The present invention relates to an optical fiber and an optical cable which can be used for a long term even under environments in which an oil content migrates into them, and the optical fiber has a glass fiber extending along a predetermined axis, and a coating. The coating is composed of a plurality of layers each of which is comprised of an ultraviolet curable resin or a thermosetting resin, and swelling rates of the respective coating layers are set so that they increase from an outer peripheral surface of the glass fiber to an outer peripheral surface of the cable jacket. 1. An optical fiber comprising: a glass fiber; and a coating surrounding the glass fiber , wherein the coating is laid on the glass fiber along a radial direction from a central axis of the optical fiber and comprises an inside coating layer and an outside coating layer surrounding the inside coating layer ,wherein the inside coating layer is comprised of an ultraviolet curable resin or thermosetting resin which has a swelling rate with a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride resin,wherein the outside coating layer is comprised of an ultraviolet curable resin or thermosetting resin which has a swelling rate with a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride resin,wherein the swelling rate of the inside coating layer is smaller than the swelling rate of the outside coating layer, andwherein the plasticizer contains at least any one of phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, adipate, dioctyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, trimellitate, trioctyl trimellitate, phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, epoxidized oil, epoxidized soybean-oil, epoxidized linseed-oil, sebacate, and azelate.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the inside coating layer and the outside coating layer are adjacent coating layers in contact with each other.36-. (canceled)7. An optical cable comprising: the optical fiber as defined in ; and a ...

POLYOLEFIN COMPOUNDS FOR CABLE COATINGS

Polymeric compositions comprising a blend of high-density polyethylene (“HDPE”) with ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”), and optionally with a carbon black and/or one or more other additives, where the polymeric compositions have certain melt-index and vinyl-acetate-content ranges to improve melt strength and processability. Such polymeric compositions can be employed in manufacturing coated conductors, such as fiber optic cables. 1. A coated conductor comprising:(a) a conductor; and(b) a polymeric composition surrounding at least a portion of said conductor,wherein said polymeric composition comprises a high-density polyethylene and an ethylene vinyl acetate,wherein said polymeric composition has a vinyl acetate content in the range of from 1.5 to 8 weight percent, based on the combined weight of said high-density polyethylene and said ethylene vinyl acetate,{'sub': '2', 'wherein said polymeric composition has a melt index (I) of 2.0 g/10 minutes or less.'}2. The coated conductor of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric composition has a vinyl acetate content in the range of from 1.9 to 6.0 weight percent claim 1 , based on the combined weight of said high-density polyethylene and said ethylene vinyl acetate.3. The coated conductor of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric composition has a melt index (I) in the range of from 1.4 to 1.88 g/10 minutes.4. The coated conductor claim 1 , wherein said polymeric composition has a high-shear viscosity (100 sec) that is at least 1% lower than the high-shear viscosity of an identical comparative polymeric composition claim 1 , except that said comparative polymeric composition does not contain ethylene vinyl acetate claim 1 , wherein said polymeric composition has a low-shear viscosity (0.1 sec) that is at least 1% higher than the low-shear viscosity of an identical comparative polymeric composition claim 1 , except that said comparative polymeric composition does not contain ethylene vinyl acetate.5. The coated conductor claim 1 , ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber includes a glass portion, a primary coating layer, and a secondary coating layer. In the optical fiber, a value of microbend loss characteristic factor F is 6.1 ([GPa·μm/rad]·10) or less when represented by 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the value of the microbend loss characteristic factor is 4.1 ([GPa·μm/rad]·10) or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a coating thickness of a sum of the thickness of the primary coating layer and the thickness of the secondary coating layer is 42.0 μm or less.4. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 38.0 μm or less.5. The optical fiber according to claim 4 , wherein the coating thickness is 36.5 μm or less.6. The optical fiber according to claim 5 , wherein the coating thickness is 34.5 μm or less.7. The optical fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the coating thickness is 34.0 μm or less.8. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 65 μm or more and 100 μm or less.9. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 90 μm or less.10. The optical fiber according to claim 9 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 80 μm or less.11. The optical fiber according to claim 10 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 75 μm or less.12. The optical fiber according to claim 11 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 70 μm or less.13. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein a mode field diameter of light at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 7.6 μm or more and 8.7 μm or less claim 3 , a cable cutoff wavelength is 1260 nm or less claim 3 , zero dispersion wavelength is 1300 nm or more and 1324 nm or less claim 3 , and zero dispersion slope is 0.073 ps/km/nm or more and 0.092 ps/km/nm.14. The optical fiber according to claim 13 , wherein macrobend loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm by bending at a radius of 10 mm is ...

Spun round core fiber

Optical waveguide cores having refractive index profiles that vary angularly about a propagation axis of the core can provide single-mode operation with larger core diameters than conventional waveguides. An optical waveguide includes a core that extends along a propagation axis and has a refractive index profile that varies angularly about the propagation axis. The optical waveguide also includes a cladding disposed about the core and extending along the propagation axis. The refractive index profile of the core varies angularly along a length of the propagation axis.

UV-Transparent Optical Fiber Coating For High Temperature Application, And Fibers Made Therefrom

An optical fiber having at least two polymer coatings, the optical fiber comprising: an optical fiber comprising a glass optical core and a glass cladding; a first polymer coating comprising a silicone polymer covering the optical fiber; and a second polymer coating covering the first polymer coating is provided. 1. An optical fiber having at least two polymer coatings , the optical fiber comprising:an optical fiber comprising a glass optical core and a glass cladding;a first polymer coating comprising a silicone polymer covering the optical core; anda second polymer coating covering the first polymer coating.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer coating is disposed on and in intimate contact with the glass cladding.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer coating comprises a polymer selected from acrylates claim 1 , aliphatic polyacrylates claim 1 , silsesquioxanes claim 1 , alkyl substituted silicones claim 1 , vinyl ethers claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.4. The optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein the second polymer coating comprises a vinyl ether polymer claim 3 , acrylate polymer claim 3 , epoxy polymer claim 3 , or urethane acrylate polymer.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer coating is a vinyl ether polymer and the vinyl ether polymer has a number average molecular weight of at least 10 claim 1 ,000 grams per mole.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer coating has a thickness on the optical fiber of between 20 and 80 micrometers.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer coating has a thickness on the optical fiber of between 2 and 35 micrometers.8. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first and second polymer coatings have a combined thickness on the optical fiber of between 22 and 115 micrometers.9. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer coating remains flexible at a temperature from -115 to 204° ...

POLYMER COATED OPTICAL FIBER

Coated optical fibers and uses of such fibers as sensors in high temperature and/or high pressure environments. The coated optical fiber has improved sensing properties at elevated pressure and/or temperature, such as enhanced acoustic sensitivity and/or a reduced loss in acoustic sensitivity. The use of the coated optical fibers in various sensing applications that require operation under elevated pressure and/or temperature, such as, acoustic sensors for various geological, security, military, aerospace, marine, and oil and gas applications are also provided. 1. A coated optical fiber comprising:an optical fiber, anda polymeric coating over the optical fiber, the polymeric coating comprising a thermoset, thermoplastic or UV cured elastomer having a Poisson's Ratio of between about 0.350 and about 0.4995, and a shear modulus of between about 20 psi and about 2900 psi.2. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , the thermoset claim 1 , thermoplastic or UV cured elastomer further having a Shore A hardness of between about 20 and about 95.3. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the Poisson's Ratio is less than about 0.490.4. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric coating comprises a thermoset elastomer that is stable at operating temperatures up to about 300° C.5. The coated optical fiber according to claim 4 , wherein the thermoset elastomer is a silicone.6. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric coating comprises a thermoplastic or UV cured elastomer that is stable at operating temperatures up to about 150° C.7. The coated optical fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is a polyester-polyether copolymer.8. The coated optical fiber according to claim 7 , wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is Hytrel® 3078.9. The coated optical fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the UV cured elastomer is an aliphatic urethane acrylate claim 6 , aromatic urethane acrylate ...

RESIN COMPOSITION AND OPTICAL FIBER

A resin composition includes a base resin containing a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a silane coupling agent, and surface-modified inorganic oxide particles having an ultraviolet curable functional group, wherein the amount of surface modification on the surface-modified inorganic oxide particles is 0.2 mg/mor more. 1: A resin composition for coating an optical fiber , comprising:a base resin containing a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a silane coupling agent; andsurface-modified inorganic oxide particles having an ultraviolet curable functional group, wherein{'sup': '2', 'an amount of surface modification on the surface-modified inorganic oxide particles is 0.2 mg/mor more.'}2: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of surface modification is 0.2 mg/mor more and 2.8 mg/mor less.3: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the functional group is at least one group selected from the group consisting of an acryloyl group claim 1 , a methacryloyl group claim 1 , and a vinyl group.4: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein an average primary particle diameter of the surface-modified inorganic oxide particles is 650 nm or less.5: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the surface-modified inorganic oxide particles is 1% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less based on a total amount of the resin composition.6: A primary coating material for an optical fiber claim 1 , comprising the resin composition according to any one of .7: An optical fiber comprising:a glass fiber comprising a core and cladding;a primary resin layer contacting with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber; anda secondary resin layer coating the primary resin layer,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the primary resin layer comprises a cured product of the resin composition according to .'}8: The ...

SPUN ROUND CORE FIBER

Optical waveguide cores having refractive index profiles that vary angularly about a propagation axis of the core can provide single-mode operation with larger core diameters than conventional waveguides. In one representative embodiment, an optical waveguide comprises a core that extends along a propagation axis and has a refractive index profile that varies angularly about the propagation axis. The optical waveguide can also comprise a cladding disposed about the core and extending along the propagation axis. The refractive index profile of the core can vary angularly along a length of the propagation axis. 1. An optical waveguide , comprising:a core that extends along a propagation axis, the core having a refractive index profile that varies angularly about the propagation axis; anda cladding disposed about the core and extending along the propagation axis;wherein the refractive index profile of the core varies angularly along a length of the propagation axis.2. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index profile of the core varies radially about the propagation axis.3. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index profile of the core is periodic along the propagation axis.4. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index profile of the core is aperiodic along the propagation axis.5. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index profile of the core is configured to attenuate one or more higher order modes.6. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index profile of the core is radially asymmetric about the propagation axis.7. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index profile of the core is angularly asymmetric about the propagation axis.8. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the core has a round cross-section.9. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises one or more mode-discriminating regions.10. The optical waveguide of claim ...

Optical fiber illumination systems and methods

A light-diffusing optical fiber with a light-guiding core having a plurality of elongated glass rods each oriented substantially parallel with each other and with the length of the optical fiber. The fiber also includes a cladding surrounding the glass core, the cladding having a refractive index similar to, or lower than, a refractive index of the glass core. The light-guiding core includes a plurality of gaps formed between the plurality of elongated glass rods, the plurality of gaps scattering light away from the light-guiding core and through the cladding.

HOLLOW CORE OPTICAL FIBER AND A LASER SYSTEM

A hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) comprising an outer cladding region and 7 hollow tubes surrounded by the outer cladding region. Each of the hollow tubes is fused to the outer cladding to form a ring defining an inner cladding region and a hollow core region surrounded by the inner cladding region. The hollow tubes are not touching each other, but are arranged with distance to adjacent hollow tubes. The hollow tubes each have an average outer diameter d2 and an average inner diameter d1, wherein d1/d2 is equal to or larger than about 0.8, such as equal to or larger than about 0.85, such as equal to or larger than about 0.9. 1. A hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) comprising an outer cladding region and 7 hollow tubes surrounded by said outer cladding region , wherein each of said hollow tubes is fused to said outer cladding region to form a ring defining an inner cladding region and a hollow core region surrounded by said inner cladding region , wherein said hollow tubes are not touching each other.2. The hollow core PCF of claim 1 , wherein said hollow tubes each have an average outer diameter d2 and an average inner diameter d1 claim 1 , wherein d1/d2 is equal to or larger than about 0.8 claim 1 , such as equal to or larger than about 0.85 claim 1 , such as equal to or larger than about 0.9.3. The hollow core PCF of or claim 1 , wherein said hollow tubes have a center to center distance Λ between adjacent hollow tubes which is between about 1.01*d2 and about 1.5*d2 claim 1 , such as between 1.05*d2 and 1.2*d2.4. The hollow core PCF of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein said hollow tubes have substantially parallel center axes.5. The hollow core PCF of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein said hollow core region has a core diameter D of from about 10 μm to about 100 μm claim 1 , such as from about 10 μm to about 60 μm claim 1 , such as from about 20 μm to about 50 μm claim 1 , such as from about 25 μm to about 40 μm.6. ...

Mode Mixing Optical Fibers and Methods and Systems Using the Same

The present disclosure relates more to mode mixing optical fibers useful, for example in providing optical fiber laser outputs having a desired beam product parameter and beam profile. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a mode mixing optical fiber for delivering optical radiation having a wavelength, the mode mixing optical fiber having an input end, an output end, a centerline and a refractive index profile, the mode mixing optical fiber comprising: an innermost core, the innermost core having a refractive index profile; and a cladding disposed about the innermost core, wherein the mode mixing optical fiber has at least five modes at the wavelength, and wherein the mode mixing optical fiber is configured to distribute a fraction of the light input at its input end from its lower-order modes to its higher-order modes. 161-. (canceled)62. A mode mixing optical fiber for delivering optical radiation having a wavelength , the mode mixing optical fiber having a input end , an output end , a centerline and a refractive index profile , the mode mixing optical fiber comprising:an innermost core, the innermost core having a refractive index profile; anda cladding disposed about the innermost core,wherein the mode mixing optical fiber has at least five modes at the wavelength, andwherein the mode mixing optical fiber is configured to distribute a fraction of the light input at its input end from its lower-order modes to its higher-order modes.63. The mode mixing optical fiber according to claim 62 , wherein the innermost core has a centerline that is positioned substantially non-collinearly with the centerline of the optical fiber claim 62 , and wherein a lateral offset of the center of the innermost core with respect to the centerline of the fiber is at least 10 microns.6461. The mode mixing optical fiber according to claim claim 62 , wherein there is no substantially down-doped region disposed symmetrically around the centerline of the innermost core.65. The mode ...

OPTICAL FIBER MANUFACTURING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF STARTING OPTICAL FIBER MANUFACTURING APPARATUS

An optical fiber manufacturing apparatus includes a heating furnace configured to heat and melt an optical fiber preform; a pulling mechanism configured to adjust an outer diameter of a glass optical fiber by drawing out the glass optical fiber from the optical fiber preform melted through the heating by the heating furnace, and to draw the glass optical fiber that has been adjusted in outer diameter; a coating mechanism configured to apply a predetermined resin on an outer circumference of the glass optical fiber that has been adjusted in outer diameter; and a transport mechanism configured to returnably retract the coating mechanism from a passage route of the glass optical fiber. 1. An optical fiber manufacturing apparatus , comprising:a heating furnace configured to thermally melt an optical fiber preform;a pulling mechanism configured to adjust an outer diameter of a glass optical fiber by drawing out the glass optical fiber from the optical fiber preform melted through the heating by the heating furnace, and to draw the glass optical fiber that has been adjusted in outer diameter;a coating mechanism configured to apply a predetermined resin on an outer circumference of the glass optical fiber that has been adjusted in outer diameter; anda transport mechanism configured to returnably retract the coating mechanism from a passage route of the glass optical fiber.2. The optical fiber manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a measuring device configured to measure the outer diameter of the glass optical fiber between the heating furnace and the coating mechanism.3. The optical fiber manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising a hardware processor configured to control the pulling mechanism claim 2 , based on the outer diameter of the glass optical fiber measured by the measuring device.4. The optical fiber manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 , whereinthe measuring device further measures a passage position of ...

OPTICAL FIBER MANUFACTURING METHOD

An optical fiber manufacturing method includes setting a first holding member and a rod inside a glass pipe, the first holding member made of glass and having plural holes formed, so that the rod is supported by the first holding member; filling glass particles between the rod and a glass pipe inner wall; holding the rod such that the rod and the filled glass particles are enclosed by the glass pipe inner wall and the first and second holding members, and sealing one end of the glass pipe and manufacturing an intermediate; and manufacturing an optical fiber from the intermediate, wherein a bulk density of the first and second holding members is set with reference to a bulk density of a filling portion made from the glass particles, and the predetermined range is determined according to a core diameter permissible variation range in its longitudinal direction. 1. An optical fiber manufacturing method for manufacturing an optical fiber that includes a core portion made of glass and a cladding portion made of glass and formed on outer periphery of the core portion , the optical fiber manufacturing method comprising:setting such that a first holding member and a core rod are placed inside a glass pipe constituting the cladding portion, the first holding member being one of a pair of holding members that are made of glass and have a plurality of holes formed thereon, the core rod including a core forming portion serving as the core portion and including a cladding forming portion serving as a portion adjacent to the core portion across outer periphery of the core portion, in such a way that the core rod is supported by the first holding member;filling glass particles in a gap between the core rod and an inner wall of the glass pipe;holding the core rod such that a second holding member of the pair of holding members is placed inside the glass pipe, in such a way that the core rod is held in a sandwiched manner in between the first holding member and the second holding ...

ILLUMINATION DEVICE WITH AN EXTENDED USABLE SPECTRUM

An illumination device for irradiating objects with electromagnetic radiation is provided. The illumination device includes at least one light guide and a radiation source that emits electromagnetic radiation in the spectral region from 320 nm to 420 nm into the light guide. The light guide is formed of a glass that has a spectral transmittance of at least 70% at 350 nm and is selected from the system of lead-free silicate-tin glasses. 110-. (canceled)11. An illumination device for irradiating objects with electromagnetic radiation , comprising:at least one light guide; anda radiation source, which, in an operating state, emits electromagnetic radiation comprising at least one sector of a spectral region from 320 nm to 420 nm into the at least one light guide, wherein the at least one light guide comprises at least one lead-free silicate-tin glass that is irradiated by the electromagnetic radiation in the operating state and that has a spectral transmittance of at least 70% at a wavelength of 350 nm.14. The illumination device according to claim 12 , wherein the at least one light guide comprises a fiber bundle of a plurality of individual fibers claim 12 , each of which has a core of the at least one lead-free silicate-tin glass.16. The illumination device according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one light guide is a rigid light guide.17. The illumination device according to claim 16 , wherein the rigid light guide has at least one bend.18. The illumination device according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one light guide has an acceptance angle from 45° to 130° for the light irradiated in the operating state.19. The illumination device according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one light guide has an acceptance angle from 75° to 130° for the light irradiated in the operating state.20. The illumination device according to claim 11 , wherein the radiation source comprises at least one LED and/or at least one laser diode.21. The illumination device according ...

METHOD FOR THE FABRICATION OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICES IN PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS AND IN WAVEGUIDES WITH HOLLOW STRUCTURES

There is provided a method to fabricate optical taps and waveguide devices in photonic crystal fibers and other fibers with hollow structures. The method involves a preparation step, where the hollow holes inside the fiber are collapsed or partially modified locally; and a waveguide fabrication step, where a femtosecond laser is focused inside the fiber and used to produce optical waveguides that interact in the region that was previously modified in the preparation step. 1. A method for making a femtosecond laser fabricated waveguide to couple light from a core of an optical fiber to a cladding of the optical fiber , the method comprising the steps of:a preparation step in which the optical fiber is heated in a localized region to modify a region of the core within the localized region; anda waveguide fabrication step in which a femtosecond laser is focused inside the optical fiber in order to define a waveguide that interacts with the modified core region.2. The method of wherein the preparation step modifies the region by producing a partial or complete collapse of any hollow structure surrounding the core within the localized region.3. The method of wherein the preparation step uses electrical arc discharge to heat the localized region.4. The method of wherein the preparation step uses electrical arc discharge to heat the localized region.5. The method of wherein the preparation step uses laser radiation to heat the localized region.6. The method of wherein the preparation step uses laser radiation to heat the localized region.7. The method of wherein the cladding of the optical fiber has a hollow structure.8. The method of wherein the optical fiber is a photonic crystal fiber.9. The method of wherein the optical fiber is a suspended core fiber. The present application claims priority to Canadian Application No. 2,897,130 filed Jul. 14, 2015, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.The present invention relates to the fabrication of ...

Polarization controller and method of manufacture

A polarization controller comprising: (i) an optical fiber, and (ii) a carrier surrounding the optical fiber, the carrier comprising an off-center through hole with at least one collapsed region, such that the optical fiber is situated within the through hole and contacts the at least one collapsed region of the through hole, and the collapsed region exerts pressure on the optical fiber.

OPTICAL FIBER WITH MACROBEND LOSS MITIGATING LAYER

An optical fiber comprising: (i) a core comprising silica and having a maximum relative refractive index delta Δ; and LP01 effective area>100 μmat 1550 nm; 2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , wherein said inner cladding portion is in contact with said core claim 1 , −0.7%<Δ<−0.2% claim 1 , 3%≧Δ−Δ≧0.02% and said fiber has macrobend loss<0.03 dB/turn at 50 mm bend diameter claim 1 , macrobend loss<0.003 dB/turn at 60 mm bend diameter claim 1 , and macrobend loss of <0.001 dB/turn at 75 mm bend diameter.3. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': '1MAX', 'sup': '2', '(i) a core comprising silica and having a maximum relative refractive index delta Δ; and LP01 effective area>100 μmat 1550 nm;'}{'sub': 2MIN', 'coreMAX', '2MIN', '2MIN, '(ii) an annular inner cladding surrounding the core and having a minimum relative refractive index delta Δ, and Δ>Δ, wherein −0.7%<Δ<−0.2%, measured relative to pure silica;'} [{'sub': 3A', '3A', '2MIN, 'a first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index Δsuch that Δ−Δ≧0.02%; and'}, {'sub': 3B', 'coreMAX', '3B', '3B', '3A, 'another outer cladding portion surrounding the first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index delta Δwherein Δ>Δand Δ−Δ≧0.07%, said another outer cladding portion being the outermost portion of the outer cladding; and'}], '(iii) an annular outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding and comprising'}{'sub': C', 'C', '3B, '(iv) a coating layer surrounding the outer cladding portion, and in contact with said another outer cladding portion, the coating layer having a relative refractive index delta Δwherein Δ>Δ.'}4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , said inner cladding is directly adjacent to the core and contact with the core and −0.55%<Δ<−0.35%.5. The optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said fiber has macrobend loss<0.03 dB/turn at 50 mm bend diameter claim 3 , macrobend loss<0.003 dB/turn at 60 mm bend diameter claim 3 , and macrobend loss of <0.001 dB/turn at 75 mm ...

OPTICAL FIBER RIBBON IMAGING GUIDEWIRE AND METHODS

An intravascular or other 2D or 3D imaging apparatus can include a minimally-invasive distal imaging guidewire portion. A plurality of thin optical fibers () can be circumferentially distributed about a cylindrical guidewire core (), such as in an spiral-wound or otherwise attached optical fiber ribbon (). A low refractive index coating, high numerical aperture (NA) fiber, or other technique can be used to overcome challenges of using extremely thin optical fibers. Coating and ribbonizing techniques are described. Also described are nonuniform refractive index peak amplitudes or wavelengths techniques for FBG writing, using a depressed index optical cladding, chirping, a self-aligned connector, optical fiber routing and alignment techniques for a system connector, and an adapter for connecting to standard optical fiber coupling connectors.

OPTICAL FIBER COUPLING RELIABILITY

Improved optical fiber coupling reliability is realized by improving structures and materials used at the fiber joint. When ceramic ferrules are used at the fiber joint, the penetration of a UV-cured optical adhesive between the ceramic ferrules and the fiber ends is avoided or prevented, while an anti-reflective coating, an uncured optical adhesive, or a refractive index matching gel may be applied between the ceramic ferrules. When glass ferrules are used at the fiber joint, the UV-cured optical adhesive may be applied and fully cured between the glass ferrules and the fiber ends. 1. An optical fiber assembly comprising: a first ferrule connectorizing the proximal fiber;', 'a second ferrule connectorizing the distal fiber and opposing the first ferrule;', 'a glass sleeve surrounding the first ferrule and the second ferrule to enable optical coupling between the proximal fiber and the distal fiber;', 'the glass sleeve bonded at one end of the glass sleeve using an ultraviolet (UV)-cured optical adhesive to a first outer surface of the first ferrule;', 'the glass sleeve bonded at another end of the glass sleeve using the UV-cured optical adhesive to a second outer surface the second ferrule,', 'wherein the fiber joint sustains a luminous flux of at least 70 lumens transmitted through the proximal fiber to the distal fiber without failure for at least 30 minutes., 'a proximal fiber coupled to a distal fiber at a fiber joint, the fiber joint further comprising2. The optical fiber assembly of claim 1 , wherein:the first ferrule and the second ferrule are both ceramic ferrules; andthe UV-cured optical adhesive is not present in the fiber joint between the first ferrule and the second ferrule.3. The optical fiber assembly of claim 2 , wherein the fiber joint further comprises:an anti-reflective coating applied to the first ferrule at the proximal fiber and applied to the second ferrule at the distal fiber, wherein the anti-reflective coating reduces reflection of light ...

Fluorophore enhanced multidimensional photonic sensors

A photonic displacement sensor comprises a photonic fiber including a) a core section having a first band gap aligned along an extended longitudinal axis, and b) a cladding section surrounding the core section having a second band gap. The first band gap is adapted to block a spectral band of radiation centered on a first wavelength that is directed along the longitudinal axis, and the second band gap is adapted to block a spectral band of radiation centered on a second wavelength that is directed transversely to the longitudinal axis, and wherein displacement is detected based on a shift in at least one of the first and second band gap of the photonic fiber, enabling an intensity of radiation to be detected that is in proportion to the displacement in the photonic fiber.

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL CABLE, AND OPTICAL CONNECTOR

An MCF of the present embodiment has eight or more cores. A diameter of a common cladding is not more than 126 μm. Optical characteristics of each core are as follows: a TL at a predetermined wavelength of 1310 nm is not more than 0.4 dB/km; an MFD at the predetermined wavelength is from 8.0 μm to 10.1 μm; a BL in a BR of not less than 5 mm or in the BR of not less than 3 mm and, less than 5 mm is not more than 0.25 dB/turn at the predetermined wavelength; λ0 is from 1300 nm to 1324 nm; λcc is not more than 1260 nm; an XT or XTs at the predetermined wavelength is not more than 0.001/km. 115-. (canceled)16. A pair of optical connectors butted against each other , each of the butted optical connectors comprising: a resin ferrule; and four or more multi-core optical fibers arrayed in the ferrule , each of the multi-core optical fibers has a common cladding with a diameter of 124 to 126 μm, and two or more cores,', 'in each of the multi-core optical fibers, an outmost core is arranged so that a distance between a core center of the outmost core out of the two or more cores and a center of a cross section of the common cladding is not more than 45 μm,', 'projection amounts of end faces of the respective multi-core optical fibers from an end face of the ferrule are not less than 2 μm, and a variation of the projection amounts among the multi-core optical fibers is not more than 0.3 μm, and', 'the end faces projecting from the end face of the ferrule are polished, and, 'wherein in each of the butted optical connectors,'}wherein in each pair of the faced multi-core optical fibers of the butted optical connectors, a pressing force for achieving physical contact connection of each pair of the faced cores is 22 N or less.17. The pair of optical connectors according to claim 16 , wherein at least the end face of the ferrule is bent while the physical contact connection of each pair of the faced cores is achieved.18. The pair of optical connectors according to claim 16 , wherein ...

RARE EARTH-DOPED DOUBLE-CLAD OPTICAL FIBER AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

A rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber includes a rare earth ion-doped fiber core, an inner cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer. A cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane including at least two arcuate notches. According to the provided optical fiber, optical processing can be performed on a preform without changing a preform preparation process and a drawing process. The inner cladding is designed to have a non-circular planar structure having a cross section with at least two arcuate notches. While maintaining the same light absorption efficiency of pump light within the cladding layer, a preform polishing process is simplified, a risk of cracking the preform during polishing of multiple surfaces and a risk of contamination of the preform caused by impurities are reduced, wire drawing control precision is better, and comprehensive performance of the optical fiber is improved. 1. A rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber , comprising a rare earth ion-doped fiber core , an inner cladding layer , and an outer cladding layer , wherein a cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane comprising at least two arcuate notches.2. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between a refractive index nof the fiber core and a refractive index nof the inner cladding layer is represented as (n−n) claim 1 , which is in a range from 0.01 to 0.25.3. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between the refractive index nof the inner cladding layer and a refractive index nof the outer cladding layer is represented as (n−n) claim 1 , which is in a range from 0.2 to 0.5.4. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein rare earth ions doped in the fiber core comprise one or two of Tm claim 1 , Yb claim 1 , Ho claim 1 , and Er.5. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim ...

RADIATION SOURCE AND A METHOD FOR USE IN METROLOGY APPLICATIONS

A system and method for providing a radiation source. In one arrangement, the radiation source includes an optical fiber that is hollow, and has an axial direction, a gas that fills the hollow of the optical fiber, and a plurality of temperature setting devices disposed at respective positions along the axial direction of the optical fiber, wherein the temperature setting devices are configured to control the temperature of the gas to locally control the density of the gas. 1. A radiation source , comprising:an optical fiber that is hollow, and has an axial direction; anda plurality of temperature setting devices disposed at respective positions along the axial direction of the optical fiber,wherein the temperature setting devices are configured to control the temperature of a gas that fills the hollow of the optical fiber to locally control the density of the gas.2. The radiation source of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to control at each of the positions: the local temperature of the gas to a target temperature claim 1 , and/or the heat flux supplied to the gas to a target heat flux.3. The radiation source of claim 2 , further comprising a sensor configured to take a property measurement of the output of the radiation source claim 2 , wherein the target temperature or target heat flux is based on this property measurement.4. The radiation source of claim 2 , further comprising at least one temperature sensor configured to take a temperature measurement of the gas claim 2 , wherein the target temperature or target heat flux is based on this temperature measurement.5. The radiation source of claim 1 , further comprising a support provided between the optical fiber and at least one of the temperature setting devices and configured to provide thermal contact between the optical fiber and the at least one temperature setting device.6. The radiation source of claim 5 , wherein the support comprises a plurality of support sections arranged in the ...

MICROSTRUCTURED FIBER AND SUPERCONTINUUM LIGHT SOURCE

A microstructured optical fiber including a core region and a cladding region which surrounds the core region. The cladding region includes a plurality of cladding features within a cladding background material, wherein the cladding region includes an inner cladding region with at least one inner ring of cladding features and an outer cladding region with outer cladding rings of outer cladding features. The inner cladding features have a first characteristic diameter and the outer cladding region includes a plurality of outer cladding features having a characteristic diameter smaller than the first characteristic diameter. The core region has a diameter of at least about 2 μm. A cascade optical fiber with at least one fiber as described, as well as a source of optical supercontinuum generation. 1. (canceled)2. A source of optical supercontinuum generation ,the source comprising a microstructured optical fiber and a pump laser source adapted to generate pump radiation at a pump wavelength and to launch said pump radiation into said microstructured optical fiber,wherein the microstructured optical fiber has a length and a longitudinal axis along its length and comprising a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region,said cladding region comprising a cladding background material and a plurality of cladding features within the cladding background material, said cladding features being arranged around the core region,wherein said cladding region in at least a length section of the fiber comprises an inner cladding region comprising at least two inner rings of cladding features, and an outer cladding region comprising at least one outer ring of outer cladding features, said inner cladding region being adjacent to the core region and said outer cladding region being adjacent to the inner cladding region,wherein each ring of cladding features comprises bridges of cladding background material separating adjacent features of the ring,{'sub': '1', 'wherein ...

ARTIFICIALLY-STRUCTURED MATERIALS WITH SMART ELEMENTS

According to various embodiments, an array of elements forms an artificially-structured material. The artificially-structured material can also include an array of tuning mechanisms included as part of the array of elements that are configured to change material properties of the artificially-structured material on a per-element basis. The tuning mechanisms can change the material properties of the artificially-structured material by changing operational properties of the elements in the array of elements on a per-element basis based on one or a combination of stimuli detected by sensors included in the array of tuning mechanisms, programmable circuit modules included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, data stored at individual data stores included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, and communications transmitted through interconnects included as part of the array of elements. 1. (canceled)2. A system comprising:an array of elements forming an artificially-structured material; andan array of tuning mechanisms included as part of the array of elements, wherein one or more tuning mechanisms of the array of tuning mechanisms are configured to change material properties of the artificially-structured material by changing one or more operational properties of one or more elements of the array of elements on a per-element basis in response to one or more stimuli detected by one or more sensors in a plurality of sensors included in the array of tuning mechanisms.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein each sensor in the plurality of sensors corresponds to one element in the array of elements.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein each tuning mechanism in the array of tuning mechanisms corresponds to one element in the array of elements.5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more tuning mechanisms are configured to change the one or more operational properties of the one or more elements of the array of elements on a per-element basis by changing one or more ...

Reconfigurable Liquid Metal Fiber Optic Mirror

A true time delay system for optical signals includes a hollow core optical waveguide, a droplet of reflective liquid metal disposed in the hollow core, and an actuator coupled to a first end of the waveguide to move the droplet longitudinally within the hollow core. In one example, the waveguide is a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber. In one example, the actuator is a pressure actuator that introduces or removes gas into the core. Light enters the optical fiber, is transmitted through the fiber toward the reflective surface of the droplet, and is reflected back through the fiber and exits at the same end of the photonic bandgap optical fiber that it entered. The fiber optic device can provide a continuously-variable optical path length of over 3.6 meters (corresponding to a continuously-variable true-time delay of over 12 ns, or 120 periods at a 10 GHz modulation frequency), with negligible wavelength dependence across the C and L bands. 1. A true time delay system for optical signals , comprising:a hollow core optical waveguide;a droplet of reflective liquid metal disposed in the hollow core; andan actuator configured to changing the position of the droplet within the hollow core;an end of the hollow core waveguide configured to receive optical energy, to transmit the optical energy through the hollow core toward the reflective droplet, and to return the reflected optical energy toward the end of the hollow core optical waveguide.2. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow core waveguide is a hollow core optical fiber.3. The true time delay system according to claim 2 , wherein the hollow core optical fiber is a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber.4. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the droplet is a liquid metal.5. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the droplet is mercury.6. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a pressure actuator coupled to an end of ...

ISOTOPICALLY ALTERED OPTICAL FIBER

An optical waveguide having a cladding layer formed of high-purity glass, or a cladding layer formed of high-purity isotope-proportion modified glass, and with a core of high-purity isotope-proportion-modified glass with the index of refraction of the core glass greater than the index of refraction of the cladding glass, said high-purity isotope-proportion-modified core material having a Si-29-isotope proportion at most 4.447% Si-29 (atom/atom) of all silicon atoms in said core, or at least 4.90% of Si-29 (atom/atom) atoms in said core, or having a Ge-73 isotope proportion of at most 7.2% Ge-73 (atom/atom) of all germanium atoms in said core, or at least 8.18% of Ge-73 (atom/atom) of Germanium atoms in said core region. 2. The waveguide of in which the atom percentage of O-17 to all other O isotopes in one of silica claim 1 , germania and a mixture of silica and germania being one of:more than 0 and less than 0.038; andmore than 0.038 and less than or equal to 100.3. The waveguide of in which said first index of refraction is higher than said second index of refraction.4. The waveguide of claim 1 , in which at least 10% of oxygen atoms in said silica are oxygen-18.5. The waveguide of in which at least 50 mole percent of oxygen in said core region is oxygen-18 and less than 5 atom percent of oxygen in said core region is oxygen-17.6. The waveguide of in which at least 50 mole percent of oxygen in said cladding region is oxygen-18 and less than 5 atom percent of oxygen in said cladding region is oxygen-17.7. The waveguide of in which at least 70 atom percent of oxygen in said core region is oxygen-18 and less than 5 atom percent of oxygen in said core region is oxygen-17.8. The waveguide of in which at least 70 atom percent of oxygen in said cladding region is oxygen-18 and less than 5 atom percent of oxygen in said cladding region is oxygen-17.9. The optical waveguide of in which said cladding region further comprises a dopant.10. The optical waveguide of in which ...

RESIN COMPOSITION, SECONDARY COATING MATERIAL FOR OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL FIBER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL FIBER

The present disclosure relates to a resin composition for coating an optical fiber, the resin composition including: a base resin that contains an oligomer, a monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator; and inorganic oxide particles, in which the inorganic oxide particles include a plurality of particle groups having different volume average particle sizes, and the volume average particle size is measured by small-angle X-ray scattering. 1. A resin composition for coating an optical fiber , the resin composition comprising:a base resin that contains an oligomer, a monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator; andinorganic oxide particles,wherein the inorganic oxide particles include a plurality of particle groups having different volume average particle sizes, andthe volume average particle size is measured by small-angle X-ray scattering.2. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide particles are particles containing at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide claim 1 , zirconium dioxide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , tin oxide claim 1 , and zinc oxide.3. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide particles are hydrophobic.4. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide particles include at least two selected from the group consisting of a particle group A in which a volume average particle size is equal to or more than 5 nm and equal to or less than 35 nm claim 1 , a particle group B in which a volume average particle size is more than 35 nm and equal to or less than 70 nm claim 1 , and a particle group C in which a volume average particle size is more than 70 nm and equal to or less than 150 nm.5. A secondary coating material for an optical fiber claim 1 , the secondary coating material comprising the resin composition according to .6. An optical fiber comprising:a glass fiber that includes a core ...

RESIN COMPOSITION, SECONDARY COATING MATERIAL FOR OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL FIBER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL FIBER

A resin composition for coating an optical fiber is a resin composition comprising: a base resin containing an oligomer comprising urethane (meth)acrylate, a monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator; and hydrophobic aluminum oxide, wherein the content of the aluminum oxide is 1% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less based on the total amount of the resin composition. 1: A resin composition for coating an optical fiber , comprising:a base resin containing an oligomer comprising urethane (meth)acrylate, a monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator; andhydrophobic aluminum oxide,wherein a content of the aluminum oxide is 1% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less based on a total amount of the resin composition.2: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein an average primary particle size of the aluminum oxide is 5 nm or more and 800 nm or less.3: The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the oligomer further comprises epoxy (meth)acrylate.4: A secondary coating material for an optical fiber claim 1 , comprising the resin composition according to .5: An optical fiber comprising:a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding;a primary resin layer being in contact with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber; anda secondary resin layer coating the primary resin layer,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the secondary resin layer comprises a cured product of the resin composition according to .'}6: An optical fiber comprising:a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding;a primary resin layer being in contact with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber; anda secondary resin layer coating the primary resin layer,wherein the secondary resin layer comprises alumina particles and a content of the alumina particles is 1% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less based on a total amount of the secondary resin layer.7: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', ...

SINGLE-MODE PROPAGATION IN MICROSTRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBERS

The invention relates to an optical fiber as an optical waveguide for the single-mode operation. The present invention proposes a fiber having a microstructure, by which the propagation of modes of a higher order are selectively suppressed in the optical waveguide. At the same time, the propagation of transversal modes of a higher order is dampened more strongly than the propagation of the fundamental modes of the optical waveguide. 1. An optical fiber as an optical waveguide for single-mode operation , wherein the fiber has a structuring by means of which propagation of higher order modes in the optical waveguide is selectively suppressed , wherein the structuring comprises channels that run along the longitudinal expanse of the fiber , whereby a fiber core is formed by a region of the fiber in which no channels run , and wherein the channels , viewed in the cross-section of the fiber , form groups composed of at least two channels , in such a manner that the distances between the center axes of the channels within a group are less than the distances between the center axes of the channels of different groups , whereby the distance of the centroidal axes of the groups is greater than twenty times the wavelength of the radiation guided in the optical waveguide.2. The optical fiber according to claim wherein the groups are disposed hexagonally. This application is a divisional of and Applicants claim priority under 35 U.S.C. §§120 and 121 of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/138,618 filed on Nov. 22, 2011, which application is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT Application No. PCT/EP2010/001586 filed on Mar. 12, 2010, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German Patent Application No. 10 2009 012 662.7 filed on Mar. 13, 2009 and under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German Patent Application No. 10 2009 060 711.0 filed on Dec. 29, 2009, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The international application under PCT ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FABRICATION OF METAL-COATED OPTICAL FIBER, AND THE RESULTING OPTICAL FIBER

Method and apparatus for producing metal-coated optical fiber involves providing a length of optical fiber having a glass fiber with or without a carbon layer surrounded by a liquid-soluble polymeric coating. The optical fiber is passed through a series of solution baths such that the fiber will contact the solution in each bath for a predetermined dwell time, the series of solution baths effecting removal of the polymer coating and subsequent electroless plating of metal on the glass fiber. The optical fiber is collected after metal plating so that a selected quantity of the metal-coated optical fiber is gathered, Preferably, the glass fiber passes through the series of solution baths without contacting anything except for the respective solution in each. 1. A method for producing metal-coated optical fiber , said method comprising:(a) providing a length of optical fiber having a glass fiber surrounded by a liquid soluble polymeric coating;(b) passing said optical fiber through a series of solution baths such that the glass fiber will contact the solution in each bath for a predetermined dwell time, the series of solution baths effecting removal of said polymer coating and subsequent plating of metal on the glass fiber; and(c) collecting the optical fiber after metal plating so that a selected quantity of said metal-coated optical fiber is gathered.2. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said glass fiber has a carbon layer.3. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said liquid soluble polymeric coating comprises a polymeric material that is removed by a chemical solvent.4. A method as set forth in claim 3 , wherein said polymeric material that is removed by a chemical solvent comprises acrylate.5. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said liquid soluble polymeric coating comprises a water soluble polymer.6. A method as set forth in claim 5 , wherein said water soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of sodium polyacrylater claim 5 , ...

OPTICAL DEVICE WITH PHOTON FLIPPING

An optical device with photon flipping for converting an incident light flux into a practically monochromatic light beam, the device including a cladding area including a photon crystal microstructure, the photon crystal microstructure having an allowed spectral band and a spectral band gap; a flipping area including a flipping fluorescent dye which has a spectral band for absorbing fluorescence, which covers at least part of the allowed spectral band, and a spectral band for emitting fluorescence, which covers at least part of the spectral band gap of the photon crystal microstructure; a central area arranged to enable propagation of a monochromatic light beam having a wavelength in the spectral band gap, the central area being surrounded by the photon crystal microstructure; the core area having a thickness which is less than or equal to five times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the flipping fluorescent dye. 2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the core area is less than or equal to three times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the fluorescent flip dye.4. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the flip area is situated in at least one part of the cladding area.5. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the flip area is situated in at least one part of the core area.6. The optical device according to claim 1 , having optical fibre geometry claim 1 , the optical device extending along a reference axis and having a symmetry of revolution around said reference axis.7. The optical device according to claim 1 , having optical film geometry claim 1 , the optical device extending along a reference plane and having symmetry with respect to said reference plane.8. The optical device according to claim 1 , further comprising a first conversion area situated around the flip area claim 1 , the first conversion area including a first fluorescent conversion dye having a ...

ORGANIC-INORGANIC COMPOSITE FIBERS AND METHODS THEREOF

An organic-inorganic composite, including: a discontinuous phase having a plurality of adjacent and similarly oriented fibers of an inorganic material; and a continuous organic phase having a thermoplastic polymer, such that the continuous organic phase surrounds the plurality of adjacent and similarly oriented fibers of the inorganic material, and the organic-inorganic composite is a plurality of adjacent and similarly oriented fibers of inorganic material contained within a similarly oriented host fiber of the thermoplastic polymer. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the composite. 2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material is an oxide glass having a glass transition temperature of from 200° C. to 450° C. claim 1 , and the organic phase is a thermoplastic polymer.3. The composite of claim 2 , wherein the oxide glass is zinc sulfophosphate claim 2 , and the thermoplastic polymer is selected from a polyetherimide (PEI) claim 2 , a polyethersulfone (PS) claim 2 , a polyimide claim 2 , or mixtures thereof.4. A method of making the organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , comprising:a first melting at a suitable temperature, a batch of suitable proportions of sources or precursors comprising:15 to 20% zinc oxide;8 to 12% lithium phosphate;4 to 8% zinc pyrophosphate;12 to 16% potassium monophosphate;12 to 16% sodium hexametaphosphate;0.1 to 2% calcium carbonate;0.1 to 2% strontium carbonate;4 to 10% aluminum metaphosphate; and20 to 40% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, based on a 100 weight percent total of the inorganic portion of the composite to produce a product of the first melting; anda second melting of the product of the first melting.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising: pouring or extruding the product of the first melt into a rod and annealing the rod at to form an annealed ZSP glass rod.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising: extruding the annealed ZSP glass rod form an extruded and annealed ZSP glass rod.7. The method ...

Optical Sensor Element for Analyte Assay in a Biological Fluid, as Method and Manufacture Thereof

Beginning with a sheet of optically transparent material, one may fabricate a great many shaped optical wafers, each in the form of a thin and essentially flat piece of optical material having a narrow cross-sectional width relative to length, and a sharply narrowed tip at one end. The fabrication process involves passing a sheet of optically transparent material through one or more operational steps wherein cutting, shearing, embossing, microperforating, or a combination thereof is performed. The fabrication process may further include a cladding operation, a tip texturing operation, and an analyte-reactive reagent deposition operation. The completed optical wafers are separated and each may be mounted into a user-operated device along with systems for educing a fluid sample to be expressed from a living organism, for bringing the tip of the optical wafer into contact with the fluid sample, and for illuminating and assaying the fluid sample. 1. A method of fabricating optical wafers for biological fluid sensors , comprising:establishing a plurality of cutout apertures in a sheet of optically transparent polymer material to define respective tapered portions of the optical wafers and expose edges thereof;establishing a plurality of transverse lines in the sheet to define respective main portions of the optical wafers and partially expose edges thereof, the main portions being respectively merged with the tapered portions;separating the sheet along a plurality of longitudinal lines into a plurality of strips to expose respective tips in the tapered portions of the optical wafers;applying a texturing treatment to the tips exposed in the separating step to form a field of elongated projections in the tips;depositing a fluid slurry mixture of analyte-reactive reagent and light scattering particles within the field of elongated projections; andfollowing the texturing treatment applying step and the fluid slurry mixture depositing step, separating the optical wafers from ...

LOW BEND LOSS SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER WITH CHLORINE UPDOPED CLADDING

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a central core region, a first (inner) cladding region surrounding the central core region and having an outer radius r>16 microns and relative refractive index Δ, and a second (outer) cladding region surrounding the first cladding region having relative refractive index, Δ, wherein Δ>Δ>Δ. The difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.12 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r/ris greater or equal to 0.24 and bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn. 1. An optical fiber comprising:(i) a central core region having outer radius r1 and refractive index Δ1 (a) a first cladding region having an outer radius 25 microns>r2>16 microns and relative refractive index Δ2, wherein the ratio of r1/r2 is larger than 0.24 and', '(b) a second cladding region surrounding the first cladding region and having a relative refractive index Δ3 and an outer radius r3, wherein the second cladding region comprises at least 1.25 wt % chlorine (Cl), and wherein Δ1>Δ3>Δ2, and wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is greater than 0.12%, and Δ3>0.12%;, '(ii) a cladding surrounding the central core region, the cladding comprisingand said fiber exhibits a bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is greater than 0.13%.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is between 0.12% and 0.25%.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the central core region of said fiber exhibits an alpha less than 10.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , said fiber further exhibiting a wire mesh covered drum microbend loss at 1550 nm which is less than or equal to 0.07 dB/km.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , ...

Hollow Core Optical Fiber With Controlled Diameter Hollow Regions And Method Of Making The Same

A technique for fabricating a hollow core optical fiber with a controllable core region (in terms of diameter) is based upon regulating conditions (gas flow, volume, and/or temperature) within the hollow core region during the fiber draw process. The introduction of a gas, or any change in volume or temperature of the hollow core region, allows for the diameter of the hollow core region to self-regulate as a multistructured core rod (MCR) is drawn down into the final hollow core optical fiber structure. This self-regulation provides a core region having a diameter that selected and then stabilized for the duration of the draw process. The inventive process is also useful in controlling the diameter of any selected hollow region of an MCR including, but not limited to, shunts and corner capillaries disposed around the core region. 1. A method for controlling a diameter of one or more hollow regions during fabrication of a microstructured optical fiber comprising the steps of:providing a microstructured optical preform including one or more hollow regions;drawing down the microstructured optical preform so as to control at least one of the hollow regions to exhibit and maintain a desired diameter, wherein during the drawing step, performing the step of:providing a regulation of one or more conditions within the at least one of the hollow regions such that the desired diameter is stabilized, wherein the one or more conditions is selected from the group consisting of: a gas flow through the at least one of the hollow regions, a changing volume of the at least one of the hollow regions, and a changing temperature within the at least one of the hollow regions.2. The method as defined in whereinprior to initiating the drawing step, the method further comprises sealing open ends of the preform, except for selected hollow regions, to create self-pressurization of portions of the preform surrounding the selected hollow regions during the drawing step.3. The method as defined ...

OPTICAL FILTER

A bandpass filter may include a set of layers. The set of layers may include a first subset of layers. The first subset of layers may include hydrogenated germanium (Ge:H) with a first refractive index. The set of layers may include a second subset of layers. The second subset of layers may include a material with a second refractive index. The second refractive index may be less than the first refractive index. 1. A bandpass filter , comprising: [ 'the first subset of layers comprising hydrogenated germanium (Ge:H) with a first refractive index; and', 'a first subset of layers,'}, the second subset of layers comprising a material with a second refractive index,', 'the second refractive index being less than the first refractive index, and', [{'sub': '2', 'a silicon dioxide (SiO) material,'}, {'sub': 2', '3, 'an aluminum oxide (AlO) material,'}, {'sub': '2', 'a titanium dioxide (TiO) material,'}, {'sub': 2', '5, 'a niobium pentoxide (NbO) material,'}, {'sub': 2', '5, 'a tantalum pentoxide (TaO) material, or'}, {'sub': '2', 'a magnesium fluoride (MgF) material.'}], 'the material including at least one of], 'a second subset of layers,'}], 'a set of layers including2. (canceled)3. The bandpass filter of claim 1 , where the first subset of layers are high refractive index layers (H) and the second subset of layers are low refractive index layers (L); and [{'sub': 'm', 'an (H-L)order,'}, {'sub': 'm', 'an (H-L)-H order,'}, {'sub': 'm', 'an (L-H)order, or'}, {'sub': 'm', 'claim-text': 'where m is a quantity of alternating H and L layers.', 'an L-(H-L)order,'}], 'where the set of layers are arranged in at least one of4. The bandpass filter of claim 1 , where the set of layers is configured to pass a threshold portion of light associated with a spectral range of between approximately 1100 nanometers (nm) and 2000 nm.5. The bandpass filter of claim 1 , where the set of layers is configured to pass a threshold portion of light associated with a spectral range of between ...

OPTICAL REJECTION PHOTONIC STRUCTURES

An integrated device and related instruments and systems for analyzing samples in parallel are described. The integrated device may include sample wells arranged on a surface of where individual sample wells are configured to receive a sample labeled with at least one fluorescent marker configured to emit emission light in response to excitation light. The integrated device may further include photodetectors positioned in a layer of the integrated device, where one or more photodetectors are positioned to receive a photon of emission light emitted from a sample well. The integrated device further includes one or more photonic structures positioned between the sample wells and the photodetectors, where the one or more photonic structures are configured to attenuate the excitation light relative to the emission light such that a signal generated by the one or more photodetectors indicates detection of photons of emission light. 1. An integrated device comprising:a plurality of sample wells arranged on a first layer of the integrated device, wherein individual sample wells of the plurality of sample wells are configured to receive a sample labeled with at least one fluorescent marker configured to emit emission light in response to excitation light;a plurality of photodetectors arranged on a second layer of the integrated device and positioned to receive photons of emission light emitted from the plurality of sample wells, wherein individual sample wells of the plurality of sample wells align with at least one photodetector of the plurality of photodetectors; andat least one photonic structure positioned between an individual sample well and its respective at least one photodetector, the at least one photonic structure configured to attenuate the excitation light relative to the emission light, wherein a signal generated by the at least one photodetector indicates detection of photons of emission light.2. The integrated device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ...

Resin composition, optical fiber and method for manufacturing optical fiber

A resin composition includes a base resin containing a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator, and surface-modified inorganic oxide particles having an alkyl group having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms or a phenyl group, wherein the content of the surface-modified inorganic oxide particles is 1% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less based on the total amount of the resin composition and the amount of surface modification on the surface-modified inorganic oxide particles is 0.15 mg/m 2 or more.

Cabling Configurations For Hollow Core Optical Fibers

A hollow core optical fiber and cable combination is configured to exhibit minimal SNR and loss degradation. This is achieved by either: (1) reducing the coupling between the fundamental and other (unwanted) modes propagating within the hollow core fiber, or (2) increasing the propagation loss along the alternative. The first approach may be achieved by designing the cable to minimize perturbations and/or designing the hollow core fiber to fully separate the fundamental mode from the unwanted modes so as to reduce coupling into the unwanted modes. Whether through fiber design or cable design, the amount of light coupled into unwanted modes is reduced to acceptable levels. The second approach may be realized through either fiber design and/or cable design to suppress the light in unwanted modes so that an acceptably low level of light is coupled back into the fundamental mode. 1. A method of configuring an optical fiber cable assembly including at least one hollow core optical fiber , comprising:determining a maximum allowable multi-path interference (MPI) level permitted in a final cable assembly;selecting a hollow core fiber configuration suitable for maintaining the MPI level below the determined maximum allowable level;if the selected hollow core fiber configuration is sensitive to mode mixing, selecting a cable design that intentionally introduces perturbations on the fiber sufficient to reduce the MPI below the maximum allowable level in the presence of mode mixing sensitivities; otherwise, if the selected hollow core fiber is insensitive to mode mixing,selecting a cable design that maintains the MPI level below the determined maximum allowable level.2. The method as defined in wherein the step of selecting a hollow core fiber configuration includes selecting a hollow core fiber from the group consisting of: polarization-maintaining hollow core optical fiber and a mode-suppressing hollow core optical fiber.3. The method as defined in wherein the step of ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding, a primary resin layer being in contact with the glass fiber and covering the glass fiber, and a secondary resin layer covering the primary resin layer, wherein the Young's modulus of the primary resin layer is 0.04 MPa or more and 1.0 MPa or less at 23° C.±2° C., the secondary resin layer consists of a cured product of a resin composition comprising a base resin containing a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator and hydrophobic inorganic oxide particles, and the content of the inorganic oxide particles is 1% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less based on the total amount of the resin composition. 1: An optical fiber comprising a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding; a primary resin layer being in contact with the glass fiber and covering the glass fiber; and a secondary resin layer covering the primary resin layer ,wherein a Young's modulus of the primary resin layer is 0.04 MPa or more and 1.0 MPa or less at 23° C.±2° C., andwherein the secondary resin layer consists of a cured product of a resin composition comprising a base resin containing a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator; and hydrophobic inorganic oxide particles, and a content of the inorganic oxide particles is 1% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less based on a total amount of the resin composition.2: The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide particle is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide claim 1 , zirconium dioxide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , tin oxide claim 1 , and zinc oxide.3: The optical fiber according to wherein the content of the inorganic oxide particles is 5% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less based on a total amount of the resin composition.4: The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein an ...

Writing of high mechanical strength fiber bragg gratings using ultrafast pulses and a phase mask

Methods and systems for writing a Bragg grating along a grating region of an optical fiber through a polymer coating of the optical fiber are provided. A light beam of ultrafast optical pulses is impinged on the grating region, the ultrafast optical pulses being characterised by writing wavelength at the grating region to which the polymer coating is substantially transparent The light beam is diffracted through a phase mask so as to form an interference pattern defining the Bragg grating at the grating region of the optical fiber. The light beam is also focussed such that the intensity of the optical pulses is below a damage threshold within the polymer coating, and above an FBG inscription threshold within the grating region of the fiber. Optical fiber having Bragg gratings and improved mechanical are also provided.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE CLADDING AND CRYSTALLINE CORE OPTICAL FIBERS

We provide methods and apparatus for preparing crystalline-clad and crystalline core optical fibers with minimal or no breakage by minimizing the influence of thermal stress during a liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) process as well as the fiber with precisely controlled number of modes propagated in the crystalline cladding and crystalline core fiber via precisely controlling the diameter of crystalline fiber core with under-saturated LPE flux. The resulting crystalline cladding and crystalline core optical fibers are also reported. 1. A method for preparing a crystalline clad and crystalline core optical fiber , comprising:securing a crystalline fiber core having a refractive index and a first end and a second end in a holder with no or minimized thermally induced stress, wherein the first end of the crystalline fiber core is secured in the holder and wherein the second end is free to move in at least an axial direction of the fiber within the holder;immersing the crystalline fiber core into at least one molten liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) solution comprising at least one flux material and at least one cladding material until a crystalline cladding layer has formed thereon, said crystalline cladding layer having a lower refractive index than the crystalline fiber core refractive index.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , prior to the step of immersing the crystalline fiber core claim 1 , reducing thermally induced stress on the crystalline fiber core by bending the crystalline fiber core in at least one location on the crystalline fiber core.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the molten LPE solution through a 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional mesh bottom support claim 1 , wherein the molten flux passes through the mesh bottom support and there is a relative movement between the fiber core preform and mesh bottom support along at least the axial direction of the fiber during an LPE growing process claim 1 , resulting in a uniform cladding growth.4 ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber IA comprises an optical transmission member including a core and a clad , a primary resin layer , and a secondary resin layer . The effective area of the optical transmission member is 130 μmor larger. The transmission loss of the optical transmission member at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.165 dB/km or smaller. The Young's modulus of the primary resin layer is 0.7 MPa or lower, and the Young's modulus of the secondary resin layer is 600 MPa or higher and 1500 MPa or lower. The difference between the transmission loss when the optical fiber A is wound at a tension of 80 g around a bobbin on which a metal mesh member having vertical wires of a 50-μm diameter and horizontal wires of a 50-μm diameter are wound and spaced at a pitch of 150 μm, and the transmission loss of an optical fiber coil is 1.0 dB/km or smaller. 1. An optical fiber comprising:an optical transmission member including a core and a clad;a primary resin layer contacting with the optical transmission member and coating the optical transmission member; anda secondary resin layer coating the primary resin layer,{'sup': '2', 'wherein an effective area of the optical transmission member is 130 μmor larger, a transmission loss of the optical transmission member at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.165 dB/km or smaller,'}a Young's modulus of the primary resin layer is 0.7 MPa or lower, a Young's modulus of the secondary resin layer is 600 MPa or higher and 1500 MPa or lower,an outer diameter of the primary resin layer is 185 vim or longer and 220 μm or shorter, an outer diameter of the secondary resin layer is 225 vim or longer and 260 μm or shorter, anda difference between the transmission loss when the optical fiber is wound at a tension of 80 g around a bobbin on which a metal mesh member having vertical wires of a 50-μm diameter and horizontal wires of a 50-vim diameter are wound and spaced at a pitch of 150 μm, and the transmission loss of an optical fiber coil is 1.0 dB/km or smaller,the ...

Tension-based methods for forming bandwidth tuned optical fibers for bi-modal optical data transmission

Methods of forming a bandwidth-tuned optical fiber for short-length data transmission systems include establishing a relationship between a change Δτ in a modal delay τ, a change ΔT in a draw tension T and a change Δλ in a BM wavelength λ of light in a BM wavelength range from 840 nm and 1100 nm for a test optical fiber drawn from a preform and that supports BM operation at the BM wavelength. The methods also include drawing from either the preform or a closely related preform the bandwidth-tuned optical fiber by setting the draw tension based on the established relationships of the aforementioned parameters so that the bandwidth-tuned optical fiber has a target bandwidth greater than 2 GHz·km at a target wavelength within the BM wavelength range.

Optical cable for sensing, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same

where d is the amount of optical fiber clearance for free movement within the loose tube, D is an average pitch diameter of the plurality of cable sensors and p is an average pitch length of a helical turn of the plurality of cable sensors wound around the central strength member.

Single mode propagation in fibers and rods with large leakage channels

Various embodiments include large cores fibers that can propagate few modes or a single mode while introducing loss to higher order modes. Some of these fibers are holey fibers that comprise cladding features such as air-holes. Additional embodiments described herein include holey rods. The rods and fibers may be used in many optical systems including optical amplification systems, lasers, short pulse generators, Q-switched lasers, etc. and may be used for example for micromachining.

Optically uniform fiber, methods of making, and methods of inspecting

Disclosed herein is an optical fiber having an optically uniform coating having no physical defects in the coating greater than 100 micrometers in size over a length of 50 meters or greater.

DEVICE SUPPORT STRUCTURES FROM BULK SUBSTRATES

A substrate is composed of a first material. A photonic structure is composed of the first material connected to one or more support structures composed of the first material between the photonic structure and a surface of the substrate, with at least one of the support structures supporting a first section of a strip of the photonic structure. The first section has a width that is wider than a width of a second section of the strip and has a length that is at least about twice the width of the second section of the strip. 1. A method comprising:forming an etch mask on a first surface of a substrate, the etch mask including a strip that has at least a first section having a width that is wider than a width of a second section of the strip and having a length that is at least about twice the width of the second section of the strip; andetching the substrate through the etch mask, including removing a portion of the substrate to form at least a portion of a photonic structure suspended over an etched surface of the substrate by one or more support structures, including a first support structure that has a shape determined by the first section of the strip of the etch mask.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first section has a width that is wider than a third section of the strip.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first section includes a first tapered section between the first section and the second section claim 2 , and a second tapered section between the first section and the third section.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein etching the substrate includes removing portions of the substrate under the strip.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the portions of the substrate under the strip that are removed include: a first portion of the substrate under the second section of the strip leaving a gap between a portion of the photonic structure and the etched surface of the substrate claim 4 , and a second portion of the substrate under the first section of the ...

FIBER OPTIC CABLE TERMINAL WITH A PUSHABLE STUB CABLE

A fiber optic cable terminal proximally terminates a stub cable carrying one or more optical fibers. The stub cable is structurally adapted to be advanced through at least a portion of a conduit by distally pushing a distal end of the stub cable from a location that is proximal to a proximal end of the conduit and without applying any pulling force at any location that is distal to the proximal end of the conduit. 135.-. (canceled)36. A fiber optic drop terminal comprising an enclosure having a plurality of hardened/ruggedized ports that are environmentally sealed relative to the enclosure , each of the hardened/ruggedized ports being adapted to receive a ruggedized/hardened fiber optic connector from outside the enclosure , the drop terminal including a pushable stub cable holding at least one optical fiber optically coupled to the hardened/ruggedized ports ,wherein the pushable stub cable further comprises at least one rigid strength member and a jacket surrounding the at least one rigid strength member and the at least one optical fiber, wherein the jacket has an undulating thickness which results in a plurality projections formed on an outer surface of the jacket, the projections extending along a longitudinal length of the cable.37. The fiber optic drop terminal of claim 36 , wherein the plurality of projections include at least five projections with a valley formed between each adjacent pair of projections.38. The fiber optic drop terminal of claim 36 , wherein each of the at least one rigid strength member is formed as a rigid rod.39. The fiber optic drop terminal of claim 36 , wherein the pushable stub cable further comprises:a buffer tube surrounding the at least one optical fiber; anda plurality of yarns surrounding the buffer tube, wherein the at least one rigid strength member is three glass reinforced plastic (GRP) rods spaced evenly around said buffer tube, and wherein the jacket surrounds the buffer tube, the plurality of yarns and the three GRP rods. ...

Fast axis thermal lens compensation for a planar amplifier structure

Systems and methods described herein provide a thermally compensated waveguide structure having a thermal index profile configured to correct thermal aberrations caused by temperature gradients in a fast axis direction and/or correct other forms of distortions in an output beam generated by the waveguide structure. The waveguide structure includes a core region, one or more cladding, and one or more heat sinks. A geometry of these portions with respect to each other can provide a cold refractive index profile such that a cold refractive index value of a portion of the core region is less than a cold refractive index value of at least one of the one or more cladding regions. Responsive to thermal compensation, the cold refractive index profile is modified, through addition of a thermal index profile, to form a hot index profile having attributes including good overlap of the fundamental mode with the gain profile and mode clean-up through gain discrimination against higher order modes.

PHOTONIC BAND GAP FIBERS USING A JACKET WITH A DEPRESSED SOFTENING TEMPERATURE

The present invention is generally directed to a photonic bad gap fiber and/or fiber preform with a central structured region comprising a first non-silica based glass and a jacket comprising a second non-silica based glass surrounding the central structured region, where the Littleton softening temperature of the second glass is at least one but no more than ten degrees Celsius lower than the Littleton softening temperature of the first glass, or where the base ten logarithm of the glass viscosity in poise of the second glass is at least 0.01 but no more than 2 lower than the base ten logarithm of the glass viscosity in poise of the first glass at a fiber draw temperature. Also disclosed is a method of making a photonic bad gap fiber and/or fiber preform 1. A photonic band gap fiber preform , comprising:a central structured region comprising a first non-silica based glass, wherein the first glass has a Littleton softening temperature; anda jacket comprising a second non-silica based glass, wherein the second glass comprises a different composition than the first glass, wherein the jacket surrounds the central structured region, and wherein the second glass has a Littleton softening temperature;wherein the Littleton softening temperature of the second glass is at least one but no more than ten degrees Celsius lower than the Littleton softening temperature of the first glass.2. The fiber preform of claim 1 , wherein the first glass and second glass are individually selected from the group consisting of chalcogenide glass claim 1 , chalcohalide glass claim 1 , oxide glass claim 1 , silicate glass claim 1 , germanate glass claim 1 , phosphate glass claim 1 , borate glass claim 1 , gallate glass claim 1 , tellurite glass claim 1 , and halide glass.3. The fiber preform of claim 1 , wherein when the fiber preform is heated claim 1 , the second glass flows into and fills any voids between the central structured region and the jacket.4. The fiber preform of claim 1 , ...

MULTI-OPTICAL FIBER AGGREGATE

A multi-fiber aggregate is provided. The multi-fiber aggregate includes at least two optical fibers, each of the at least two optical fibers having a core member formed from a silica-based glass and an outer cladding layer formed from a silica-based glass surrounding and in direct contact with the core member. The multi-fiber aggregate also includes a polymeric binding coating surrounding the at least two optical fibers and holding the at least two fibers in a predetermined geometry. 1. A multi-optical fiber aggregate comprising:at least two optical fibers, each of the at least two optical fibers having a core region formed from a silica-based glass and an outer cladding region formed from a silica-based glass surrounding and in direct contact with the core region; anda polymeric binding coating surrounding the at least two optical fibers and holding the at least two fibers in a predetermined geometry.2. The multi-fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein at least two optical fibers have a diameter of less than about 125 microns.3. The multi-fiber aggregate of claim 2 , wherein the at least two optical fibers have a diameter of between about 40 microns and about 120 microns.4. The multi-fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the outer cladding region comprises a reduced refractive index region.5. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 4 , wherein the outer cladding region further comprises an inner cladding region surrounding the core region claim 4 , wherein the reduced refractive index region surrounds the inner cladding region.6. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 4 , wherein the reduced refractive index region comprises silica-based glass doped with fluorine.7. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the at least two optical fibers comprise an optical coating surrounding and in direct contact with the outer cladding region.8. The multi-optical fiber aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the at least two optical fibers comprise a substantially ...

LIFETIME EXTENDING AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS OF OPTICAL FIBERS VIA LOADING

A method of making a microstructured optical fiber comprising loading the core and cladding materials of the fiber with hydrogen and deuterium at a loading temperature; annealing the fiber at a selected temperature T; pumping the fiber with radiation; and reducing the temperature of the fiber and storing the fiber at the reduced temperature before the step of pumping the fiber; and wherein the method allows the hydrogen and the deuterium to become bound to the core material and the cladding material. 1. (canceled)2. A method of producing a microstructured optical fiber comprising a core and a cladding comprising a core material and a cladding material , respectively , the method comprising:providing a preform comprising the core material surrounded by the cladding material, wherein at least a part of the core material is silica or doped silica;loading the core material and/or the cladding material with hydrogen and/or deuterium;forming the microstructured optical fiber from the preform;applying a coating to the formed fiber; andwherein the loading with hydrogen and/or deuterium is performed prior to or during the process of forming the fiber and prior to the application of the coating.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the loading with hydrogen and/or deuterium includes loading at a temperature T claim 2 , wherein T is equal to or higher than 400° C.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the loading with hydrogen and/or deuterium includes loading at a temperature T claim 2 , wherein T is equal to or higher than 500° C.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the core material has a Germanium content of less than or equal 20 at %.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the core material is undoped.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method comprises subjecting the microstructured optical fiber is to energy stimulation prior to the application of the coating.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method comprises subjecting at least the core material to energy stimulation after ...

ANTI-TORSION SOLID-CORE POLARIZATION-MAINTAINING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER BASED ON ANISOTROPY OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION

An anti-torsion solid-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber includes a cladding having an inner layer arranged around the core and an outer layer between the inner layer and the outer wall of the cladding. The inner layer has multi-layer air holes used to construct optical properties and two micron-size air holes arranged along the x-axis extending in the center producing form birefringence. The outer layer includes multi-layer air holes arranged radially along the y-axis. The size and arrangement of the multi-layer air holes in the outer layer cause the bending stiffness of the photonic crystal fiber along the x-axis to be different from that along the y-axis. While meeting the requirements of the optical properties of the fiber, the photonic crystal fiber possesses an anti-torsion ability due to the anisotropy of stress distribution in the radial direction, thereby reducing the non-reciprocal phase difference generated by the magneto-optic Faraday Effect. 1. An anti-torsion solid-core polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber based on anisotropy of stress distribution , the photonic crystal fiber comprising a core and a cladding that includes an inner layer arranged around the core and an outer layer between the inner layer and an outer wall of the cladding , whereinthe inner layer has multiple layers of first air holes arranged for constructing optical properties and two micron-size air holes arranged along an x-axis extending through a center of the inner layer for guaranteeing birefringence in the fiber, wherein the micron-size air holes are each larger than each of the first air holes;the outer layer has multiple layers of second air holes arranged around a y-axis, wherein the y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis;the inner layer and the outer layer as a whole are symmetric with respect to the x-axis and the y-axis as a whole; andis the multiple layers of second air holes are configured in a way as to cause the bending stiffness of the ...