ПЛОСКОСТНОЙ ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ СКАНЕР

... 1. Устройство, выполненное с возможностью сканирования изображения, содержащее:- источник света, выполненный с возможностью обеспечивать свет;- детектор света, выполненный с возможностью обнаруживать свет;- планшет;- волновод;- отражательную решетку;- переключаемую брэгговскую решетку; и- при этом область переключаемой брэгговской решетки выполнена с возможностью активации так, чтобы она направляла свет через отражательную решетку и волновод к планшету, причем планшет выполнен с возможностью отражать свет посредством полного внутреннего отражения через волновод к отражательной решетке или преломлять свет, при этом отражательная решетка выполнена с возможностью отражать свет, отражаемый от планшета, к волноводу, причем волновод выполнен с возможностью направлять свет к детектору света.2. Устройство по п.1, при этом устройство выполнено с возможностью сканировать изображение отпечатков пальцев, изображение отпечатков ладоней или изображение отпечатков рук.3. Устройство по п.1, в котором источник ...

Optische Schaltvorrichtung

Abstimmbare optische Vorrichtung und optisches System, das diese Vorrichtung als Filter für die Kodierung benutzt

LIQUID CRYSTAL BEAM DEFLECTOR

Waveguide for autostereoscopic display

High germanium content waveguide materials

DYNAMIC VERSTÄRKUNGSENTZERRER

SWITCHABLE COUPLING

OPTICAL LIQUID CRYSTAL DEVICES.

ARRANGEMENT FOR THE ELECTRICAL CONTROLLING OF THE INTENSITY OF UNPOLARISIERTEM LIGHT

ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES, ELECTROOPTICAL THIN CRYSTAL FILMS AND METHODS MAKING SAME

Electrically switchable multi-spot laser probe technical field

In certain embodiments, a system may include a housing, one or more lenses, and a scanning system. The housing has an interior region. A lens is disposed within the interior region and transmits a light beam. The scanning system is disposed within the interior region and comprises a number of scanning cells, where each scanning cell comprises an electro-optical (EO) material. The scanning system performs the following for a number of iterations to yield a spot pattern: receive one or more voltages and electrically steer the light beam with the EO material from a current direction to a next direction in response to the voltages.

Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods

Methods of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate and imprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template are disclosed. The liquid crystal material can be jet deposited. The imprint template can include surface relief features, Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PBPE) structures or diffractive structures. The liquid crystal device manufactured by the methods described herein can be used to manipulate light, such as for beam steering, wavefront shaping, separating wavelengths and/or polarizations, and combining different wavelengths and/or polarizations.

LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DISPLAY SYSTEM

OPTICAL COUPLING

PLANAR WAVEGUIDE SWITCH AND OPTICAL CROSS-CONNECT

A planar waveguide integrated optic switch (10)suitable for use in optical cross-connect applications. A narrow trench (13) in the planar waveguide core layer (12) is filled with a liquid crystal (14) material possessing positive birefringence. When held at a temperature a few degrees above the clearing point, the liquids crystal's isotropic refractive index is matched to that of the core layer allowing nearly complete optical transmission (17C) through the switch. When held at a temperature a few degrees below the clearing point, the liquid crystal's ordinary refractive index is lower than that of the core layer and both polarizations of the incident optical radiation are totally reflected (17b) from the trench. When coupled with planar waveguide beam expanding and refocusing elements, arrays of the switches can be used to form an optical cross-connect capable of fully interconnecting linear arrays of single- or multi-mode optical fibers with very low optical loss. By controlling the liquid ...

DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH OPTICAL ELEMENTS FOR IN-COUPLING MULTIPLEXED LIGHT STREAMS

Architectures are provided for selectively incoupling one or more streams of light from a multiplexed light stream into a waveguide. The multiplexed light stream can have light with different characteristics (e.g., different wavelengths and/or different polarizations). The waveguide can comprise in-coupling elements that can selectively couple one or more streams of light from the multiplexed light stream into the waveguide while transmitting one or more other streams of light from the multiplexed light stream.

VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Methods of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate and imprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template are disclosed. The liquid crystal material can be jet deposited. The imprint template can include surface relief features, Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PBPE) structures or diffractive structures. The liquid crystal device manufactured by the methods described herein can be used to manipulate light, such as for beam steering, wavefront shaping, separating wavelengths and/or polarizations, and combining different wavelengths and/or polarizations.

Tapping device on a transmission fibre of an optical transmission system

DEVICE TO MODULATE A LIGHT

Multimode optical fibre having a differential cladding for use as a sensor or a mode filter

ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLABLE LIGHT MODULATOR

A layer (10) of a material composition comprises a medium (2), which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in an area and inside of which a single or a number of particles (3) is/are embedded that are created so that their frequency-dependent response to the irradiation of electromagnetic radiation has at least one resonance, particularly a plasmon resonance, whereby the medium (2) has an anisotropy of the refractive index that can be induced or altered by an electric field. The electric field generated by two electrodes (20) permits the plasmon resonance to be shifted and thus the production of an electrically controllable light modulation, particularly light scatter or light reflection and light absorption.

CHANNEL-SWITCHED TUNABLE LASER FOR DWDM COMMUNICATIONS

Source laser (100) qui comprend des matières (122, 124) à dépendance négative de l'indice de réfraction par rapport à la température et à coïncidence indépendante de la température entre les modes de la cavité, et une série de fréquences spécifiées telles que des voies à multiplexage en longueur d'onde dense dans des applications de télécommunications. La gamme spectrale libre peut être réglée pour être égale à une fraction rationnelle de l'intervalle des fréquences spécifiées. La fréquence de fonctionnement peut être définie par un élément de rétroaction (130, 132) à sélectivité de fréquence qui est accordé de manière thermo-optique par application de chaleur provenant d'un actionneur sans accordage substantiel des modes de la cavité. La fréquence de fonctionnement peut être induite de manière à effectuer des sauts numériques entre les fréquences spécifiées. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, un amplificateur (110) à semi-conducteur et des segments (122, 124) de guide d'ondes polymère ...

Liquid crystal optical switching device having reduced crosstalk

A liquid crystal optical switching device having reduced crosstalk includes a liquid crystal beam splitter for splitting incident light into polarized components thereof and a liquid crystal optical switch for directing those components to either a first or a second output port.

Polarization-independent optical switch/attenuator

An optical device which controls the strength of an optical signal from an input fiber to an output fiber responsive to a signal on a control terminal. The device has a first GRIN lens associated with the input fiber, a first birefringent polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, a second birefringent polarizer and a second GRIN lens associated with the output fiber. The liquid crystal cell, located between the first and second polarizers and connected to a control terminal, controllably rotates the optical signal from the optical axis of the first polarizer toward the optical axis of the second polarizer responsive to the signal on said control terminal. The operation of the device is independent of the polarization of the optical signal in the input fiber. Furthermore, the device can be operated as an optical switch or an optical attenuator by suitably arranging the axes of the polarizers and liquid crystal cell.

Optical switch element and a liquid crystal light directional coupler used in the optical switch element

An optical switch element for selectively transmitting or shielding light from a first optical wave guide to a second optical wave guide is disclosed. The optical switch element includes a first optical switch portion and a second optical switch portion. The first optical switch portion includes: a part of said first optical wave guide; a first liquid crystal layer optically connected to said part of said first optical wave guide; a first part of said second optical wave guide optically connected to said first liquid crystal layer; and first voltage applying means for applying voltage to said first liquid crystal layer to change a refractive index of said first liquid crystal layer. The second optical switch portion includes: a second part of said second optical wave guide; a second liquid crystal layer optically connected to said second part of said second optical wave guide; and second voltage applying means for applying voltage to said second liquid crystal layer to change a refractive ...

Display panel, display apparatus and method of controlling the same

A display panel, includes a liquid crystal layer, a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer, and a control electrode layer disposed above the first substrate. The control electrode layer is configured to receive electrical signals and control light incident into the liquid crystal layer to propagate through total reflection, and to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to form a liquid crystal grating to make totally-reflected light in the liquid crystal layer coupled out at a side of the first substrate.

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes a light modulation layer having predetermined refractive index anisotropy and including plural light modulation areas which differ in responsiveness to an electric field generated by electrodes, a polarization layer which is disposed on the front side of the light modulation layer, on which side external light enters, which shuts out light other than light having a predetermined polarization direction, a reflection layer disposed on the back side of the light modulation layer, and a phase retardation layer which is disposed between the polarization and light modulation layers, which creates a predetermined phase difference between incident light entering through the polarization layer and reflected light from the reflection layer, and which polarizes the reflected light in a direction different from the predetermined polarization direction. The light modulation layer transmits the reflected light when no electric field is generated and scatters it otherwise.

CHALCOGENIDE GLASS WAVEGUIDES FOR REFRACTIVE NON-MECHANICAL BEAM STEERER

A method for making a chalcogenide glass waveguide in a liquid crystal-based non-mechanical beam steering device that permits steering in the mid-wave infrared. The waveguide core, the subcladding, or both comprise a chalcogenide glass. A mask is used to produce a tapered subcladding. Also disclosed is the related non-mechanical beam steering device that includes a chalcogenide waveguide. 1. A method for making a chalcogenide glass waveguide for use in a liquid crystal non-mechanical beam steering device , comprising:depositing a tapered subcladding on a substrate using a mask with a central opening, wherein the tapered subcladding has a film thickness profile exhibiting full thickness beyond the central opening of the mask, an S-shaped taper near the edge of the mask, and no film in areas completely shielded by the mask; anddepositing a waveguide core on the tapered subcladding, wherein the waveguide core has a higher refractive index than the tapered subcladding;wherein the tapered subcladding, waveguide core, or both comprise a chalcogenide glass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises Si.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide core comprises a chalcogenide glass and the subcladding comprises CaF claim 1 , silicate glass claim 1 , germinate glass claim 1 , fluoride glass claim 1 , MgFglass claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more obstructions are placed between the substrate and the mask.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein more than one mask is used.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tapered subcladding has a taper angle between 0.1 and 20 milliradians.7. A method for making a liquid crystal non-mechanical beam steering device claim 1 , comprising:depositing a tapered subcladding on a substrate using a mask with a central opening, wherein the tapered subcladding has a film thickness profile exhibiting full thickness beyond the central opening of the mask, an S-shaped taper near the edge of ...

Tunable optical device and optical system using the tunable optical device as coding filter

According to the present invention the tunable optical device comprises a first optical wave guide and a second optical wave guide defining a space between the two wave guides with space comprises the first cell with liquid crystal material and a second cell with liquid crystal material spaced by a third wave guide and the first and the second cell for liquid crystal material having orientation of the liquid crystal material perpendicular to each other.

LIGHT MODULATOR

PURPOSE: To obtain a liquid crystal panel type light modulator of small light loss with simple constitution by penetrating an optical fiber through the liquid crystal and exposing the core. CONSTITUTION: An optical fiber 10 is penetrated through a liquid crystal cell provided with a substrate 11, a sealing material 14 and transparent electrode films 12, 13, and the clad part 10b of the optical fiber 10 which is in contact with the liquid crystal 15 is stripped off to expose a core 10a. When a voltage is not applied to the electrode film 12, 13, the longer axes of liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the direction of optic axial of the optical fiber, and when the voltage is applied in the direction perpendicular to the optic axis. The refractive index of the liquid crystal becomes an extraordinary light refractive index ηe and an ordinary light refractive index ηo, respectively. The refraction index ηc of the optical fiber core becomes ηe>ηc>ηo. As the liquid crystal acts as a clad, ...

OPTISCHER FLÜSSIGKRISTALLSCHALTER MIT ZUVERLÄSSIGER STEUERUNG

REGELBARE OPTISCHE WELLENFUEHRUNG.

VERFAHREN ZUM DURCHSTIMMEN SCHMALBANDIGER WELLENLEITERREFLEKTOREN SOWIE ANORDNUNGEN HIERFUER

DEVICE FOR OPTICAL COUPLING

High gemanium content waveguide materials

MODULATION DEVICE

A device for modulating the intensity of light transmitted along an optical fibre (13) comprises an electro-optic (for example liquid crystal) cell (17) which is switch able to couple material of one or other of two different refractive indices to the optical fibre. The cell comprises a body (24) of electro-optic material disposed between two electrically-conductive layers (16, 19). One conductive layer (16) is disposed between the body of electro-optic material and the surface of the optical fibre. ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL SWITCHING DEVICE

Optical switch

An optical switch has a liquid crystal located between two electrodes each mounted on a prism 10. Circuit means 50, 51, 52, 53 supply switching voltages to drive the switch both from the ON to the OFF and the OFF to the ON states. A signal the frequency of which is high enough e.g. greater than 1mHz, to make the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal go negative is used to drive the switch from ON to OFF. Each electrode 60 comprises a layer of Indium Tin Oxide (I.T.O.) and a layer of Aluminium, the Aluminium layer being arranged to leave a central area 61 of the I.T.O. layer exposed where reflection on transmission of the light takes place. ...

OPTICAL SWITCH

Augmented reality display having multi-element adaptive lens for changing depth planes

An augmented reality system includes at least one waveguide configured to receive and redirect light toward a user, and to allow ambient light to pass toward the user. A first adaptive lens assembly is positioned between the waveguide and the environment, a second adaptive lens assembly is positioned between the waveguide and the user, and at least one processor is operatively coupled to the first and second adaptive lens assemblies. Each lens assembly is selectively switchable between at least two different states in which the respective lens assembly is configured to impart at least two different optical powers to light passing therethrough, respectively. The processor is configured to cause the first and second adaptive lens assemblies to synchronously switch between different states in a manner such that the first and second adaptive lens assemblies impart a substantially constant net optical power to ambient light from the environment.

METHOD OF FABRICATING LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL CROSS POINT SWITCHING MATRIX DEVICE

AUGMENTED REALITY DISPLAY HAVING MULTI-ELEMENT ADAPTIVE LENS FOR CHANGING DEPTH PLANES

An augmented reality system includes at least one waveguide configured to receive and redirect light toward a user, and to allow ambient light to pass toward the user. A first adaptive lens assembly is positioned between the waveguide and the environment, a second adaptive lens assembly is positioned between the waveguide and the user, and at least one processor is operatively coupled to the first and second adaptive lens assemblies. Each lens assembly is selectively switchable between at least two different states in which the respective lens assembly is configured to impart at least two different optical powers to light passing therethrough, respectively. The processor is configured to cause the first and second adaptive lens assemblies to synchronously switch between different states in a manner such that the first and second adaptive lens assemblies impart a substantially constant net optical power to ambient light from the environment.

LAUNCH OPTICS WITH OPTICAL PATH COMPENSATION FOR A WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH

An optical device includes an optical port array, a first walk-off crystal, a first half-wave plate, a second walk-off crystal and a segmented half-wave plate. The optical port array has a first and second plurality of ports for receiving optical beams. The first walk-off crystal spatially separates the beams into first and second portions that are in first and second orthogonal polarization states, respectively. The first portions are walked-off by the first walk-off crystal and the second portions pass therethrough without being walked-off. The first half-wave plate rotates the polarization state of the first and second portions of the optical beams. The second walk-off crystal is oriented in an opposite direction from the first walk-off crystal such that the second portions are walked-off by the second walk-off crystal and the first portions pass therethrough without being walked-off. The segmented half-wave plate receives the first or second portions of the beams.

LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DISPLAY SYSTEM

... 2141675 9309454 PCTABS00022 A controllable waveguide display based on a cladding (3), supercladding (1 and 6) and/or core (4) utilizing liquid crystals is described. An electric field applied through a fiber causes the liquid crystal layer to become aligned. Changes in the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer causes light to switch out of the fiber. In one embodiment light is coupled into a supercladding (6) running alongside the core and reflected out of the fiber at a reflector pit (35) cut in the fiber. Parallel arrays of fibers are used to cover a substrate and make large viewing screens. A tapered supercladding (6) helps improve the contrast ratio of screens using fiber taps. A thin cladding (3) and closely spaced dark cladding (2) also help improve the screen contrast ratio. Color techniques based on a three core fiber that shares a single supercladding (1) is introduced. An illumination method is also taught which breaks white light into colored components (73) with dielectrc ...

FITTING FOR ADJUSTABLE ELEMENTS OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

COUPLER ON LINE HAS AUTOCORRECTION OF PROFIT FOR SYSTEM OF TRANSMISSION PER FIBEROPTIC HAS MULTIPLE TERMINATIONS

Optical communications beam switching network, having channels with two liquid crystal cells electronic circuit different zones connected transforming command signal voltage electrodes fed

L'invention concerne un aiguilleur de faisceaux optiques comprenant une série de canaux optiques d'entrée (110,..., 150) et une série de canaux optiques de sortie (410,..., 450), deux cellules à cristaux liquides, aptes respectivement à dévier un faisceau optique sortant d'un canal d'entrée (110,..., 150) ou arrivant sur un canal de sortie (410,..., 450), ces deux cellules comportant chacune une série d'électrodes aptes chacune à orienter des cristaux liquides lorsqu'une telle électrode est soumise à une tension d'alimentation, ces électrodes étant réparties par zones (210, 250, 310,..., 350), chaque zone correspondant à un seul canal d'entrée (110,..., 150) ou un seul canal de sortie (410,..., 450), l'aiguilleur comprenant en outre des moyens pour alimenter les électrodes avec des tensions choisies, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une série de circuits électroniques distincts, chacun étant connecté à au moins une zone différente (210,..., 250) d'une cellule donnée, ces circuits étant ...

Addressable secondary light source using optical guide for office

OPTICAL DEVICE Of EQUALIZATION AND CORRESPONDING SYSTEM

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'égalisation optique (312) d'au moins un faisceau optique incident (40) séparé en longueur d'onde en plusieurs canaux ou bandes spectrales dit faisceau optique démultiplexé, le dispositif comprenant au moins deux cellules commandables (420, 430, 440) indépendamment comprenant chacune des moyens de modulation spatiale en phase et des moyens de diffusion du ou des faisceaux optiques incident. Le dispositif est adapté à ce qu'au moins un des faisceaux démultiplexés (312) éclaire simultanément et sensiblement au moins deux des cellules (420, 430, 440). L'invention concerne également un système correspondant.

ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLABLE LIGHT MODULATOR HAVING A MATERIAL COMPOSITION BASED ON NANOPARTICLES THAT ARE EMBEDDED IN ELECTRO-OPTICAL MEDIA

A layer (10) of a material composition comprises a medium (2), which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in an area and inside of which a single or a number of particles (3) is/are embedded that are created so that their frequency-dependent response to the irradiation of electromagnetic radiation has at least one resonance, particularly a plasmon resonance, whereby the medium (2) has an anisotropy of the refractive index that can be induced or altered by an electric field. The electric field generated by two electrodes (20) permits the plasmon resonance to be shifted and thus the production of an electrically controllable light modulation, particularly light scatter or light reflection and light absorption.

LIQUID CRYSTAL CELL PLATFORM

A liquid crystal cell (100) is presented that utilizes a deposited metal gasket moisture barrier and support membrane (106) bonding two opposing plates of glass (110), a thin film spacer layer (107) to accurately control cell gap thickness, and an optional integrated thermal sensor and heater deposition layer (108) sandwiched therebetween.

ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES, ELECTROOPTICAL THIN CRYSTAL FILMS AND METHODS MAKING SAME

An electrooptical device is provided comprising at least one substrate(1), at least one pair of electrodes(2) and at least one layer of an electrooptical material. The electrooptical material represents an optically anisotropic thin crystal film(3) and contains molecules having aromatic rings and possessing a lattice with an interplanar spacing (Bragg's reflection) of 3.4 ± 0.2 Å along one of optical axes. The electrooptical material(3) has anisotropic refractive indices and/or anisotropic absorption coefficients that are depended on an electric field strength.

ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY APPARATUS AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

In at least one embodiment of the disclosure, an electrophoretic display apparatus includes a first substrate. A refractive index variation layer is arranged so as to oppose the first substrate. An electrophoretic layer is arranged between the first substrate and the refractive index variation layer. A refractive index of the refractive index variation layer increases as it recedes away from the electrophoretic layer in a thickness direction of the electrophoretic layer.

Manufacturing method of a device for attenuating a signal carried by an optical fiber, attenuation device, attenuation system and corresponding applications

An attenuation device for a signal carried by an optical fiber in the form of a light signal is manufactured. The optical cores of a first and a second single-mode fiber are expanded. The first and second fibers are assembled facing each other in a capillary containing a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is polymerized to produce an attenuation element. The resulting attenuation device comprises a first and a second single-mode fiber with expanded optical cores assembled facing each other in a capillary containing a liquid crystal forming attenuation means.

Liquid crystal ferroelectric electro-optical phase modulators which are insensitive to polarization

The modulator is formed by a smectic chiral ferroelectric C* liquid crystal cell (CL), crossed by the light signal which is transmitted by the said fibre. The cell (CL) is provided with transparent walls and transparent command electrodes (5 to 7). The liquid crystal (CL), used in half-wave mode, is of the SSFLC (surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal) type, having a wide tile angle theta , which is as close as possible to 45 DEG , in such a way that the said modulator is insensitive to polarisation. The modulator may be connected to two parallel fibres (A2, A3; B2, B3), pertaining to the intermediary part of a Mach-Zehnder coupler between the two 3 dB couplers, and when it is provided in order to modulate the light signal transmitted by either one of the two fibres.

DYNAMIC GAIN EQUALIZER

BY-PASS OPTICAL SWITCH

PURPOSE: To reduce the size and the electric power consumption of a by-pass optical switch and to increase its reliability by using liquid-crystal cells as a switching element. CONSTITUTION: A nonpolarization beam splitter 24, a beam splitter 25 for polarization demultiplexing which separates incident signal light into two orthogonal polarized light components, a liquid-crystal cell 29 which transmits incident linear polarized light while rotating its plane of polarization by 90° or transmits it as it is according to an external applied voltage, and a beam splitter 26 for polarization multiplexing which multiplexes linear polarized light transmitted through the liquid-crystal cells are arranged in a line along the optical axis of the image formation optical system wherein convergent rod lens 11 and 12 are arranged opposite each other. Further, right-angled prisms 27 and 28 and convergent rod lenses 19 and 22 are arranged in contact with the beam splitters for polarization demultiplexing ...

UMSCHALTBARE KOPPLUNG

Light valves for light guides using scattering materials

OUTPUT/INPUT COUPLERS FOR MULTI-MODE LIGHT-CONDUCTING FIBRES

Optical switching apparatus

PLANAR WELLENLEITERSCHALTER AND OPTICALLY CROSSCONNECT

TUNABLE OPTICAL DEVICE AND OPTICAL SYSTEM, WHICH USE THIS DEVICE AS FILTER FOR THE CODING

LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL SWITCHING DEVICE HAVING REDUCED CROSSTALK

Dynamic gain equalizer

Display system with optical elements for in-coupling multiplexed light streams

Architectures are provided for selectively incoupling one or more streams of light from a multiplexed light stream into a waveguide. The multiplexed light stream can have light with different characteristics (e.g., different wavelengths and/or different polarizations). The waveguide can comprise in-coupling elements that can selectively couple one or more streams of light from the multiplexed light stream into the waveguide while transmitting one or more other streams of light from the multiplexed light stream.

OPTICAL SWITCHING DEVICES

OPTICAL SWITCHING DEVICES An optical switch, eg. a blocking switch or a coupler switch, has a liquid crystal control element which, in at least one of its control configurations, has a splayed molecular orientation. In a preferred embodiment the liquid crystal is surrounded by chemical control surfaces, eg. by homeotropically coated control surfaces.

OPTICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR MANAGING DIVERSITY AND ISOLATION BETWEEN PORTS IN A WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH

An optical device includes an optical port array, an optical arrangement, a dispersion element, a focusing element and a programmable optical phase modulator. The optical port array has at least one optical input port for receiving an optical beam and a plurality of optical output ports. The optical arrangement allows optical coupling between the input port and each of the output ports and prevents optical coupling between any one of the plurality of optical output ports and any other of the plurality of optical output ports. The dispersion element receives the optical beam from the input port after traversing the optical arrangement and spatially separates the optical beam into a plurality of wavelength components. The focusing element focuses the plurality of wavelength components. The programmable optical phase modulator receives the focused plurality of wavelength components and steers them to a selected one of the optical outputs.

OPTICALLY BASED PLANAR SCANNER

Apparatus and methods for providing an optically based planar scanner for generating an image are provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a switchable Bragg grating. An area of the switchable Bragg grating is configured to be activated to direct light to a platen. The platen is configured to reflect the light to a waveguide or to refract the light. The light reflected to the waveguide is guided to a light detector. By activating a number of the areas of the switchable Bragg grating and measuring the intensity of the light with a light detector, an image of an object contacting the platen may be formed.

ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLING THE INTENSITY OF UNPOLARISED LIGHT

The invention relates to a device and method for electrically controlling the intensity of unpolarized light, wherein a polarising beam divider receives the light to be controlled via an entrance surface, so that said light is divided into two orthogonal polarised beams. A first device is provided to reflect at least one polarized luminous beam so that two luminous polarized beams can extend parallel to each other. At least one electro-optic element is arranged on the path of the luminous polarized beams. Said element modifies polarization according to the control voltage supplied. A second element reflecting the light beams in the opposite direction is also arranged so that the light beams pass though the electro-element(s) at least twice and are directed by the first reflecting device towards the polarised beam divider. The controlled light can be extracted from at least one entrance surface of the polarizing beam divider.

Display device

OPTICAL POINTSMAN HAS LIQUID CRYSTALS HAS ORDER FIABILISEE

ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, FORMING SWITCH IN PARTICULAR, CONTAINING CRISTAUXLIQUIDES

DEVICE TO MODULATE A LIGHT

Fibre-optic switch

COUPLEUR EN LIGNE A CORRECTION AUTOMATIQUE DE GAIN POUR SYSTEME DE TRANSMISSION PAR FIBRE OPTIQUE A TERMINAISONS MULTIPLES

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de couplage en ligne pour système de transmission par fibre optique et le récepteur muni d'un contrôle automatique de gain qui lui est associé. Un dispositif de couplage T1 est placé sur une fibre optique dont une faible portion est dénudée. L'énergie lumineuse captée par l'intermédiaire d'un coupleur variable à cristaux liquides est transformée en énergie électrique par l'intermédiaire d'un photo-détecteur Il qui attaque un amplificateur 12 dont le signal de sortie après détection est appliqué à une première entrée d'un comparateur 14 dont la seconde entrée reçoit un signal de référence. Après comparaison, le signal résultant est dirigé vers le dispositif Tl et agit sur le coefficient de couplage. Ainsi obtient-on une correction automatique de gain permettant de prélever uniquement l'énergie lumineuse nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de l'ensemble récepteur. L'invention trouve son application par exemple dans les systèmes de transmission optiques ...

액정 내포 복합 섬유 및 복합 섬유 집합체

... 본 발명은 플렉시블 액정 표시 소자의 형성에 이용 가능한 액정 내포 복합 섬유로서, 섬유 내의 액정 분자의 배열의 흐트러짐이 없는 복합 섬유를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 발명의 복합 섬유는 액정 조성물을 심성분으로 하는 초심형의 복합 섬유로서 상기 액정 조성물이 할로겐계 액정 화합물을 포함하는 액정 내포 복합 섬유이다.

APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND/OR COMBINING OPTICAL SIGNALS, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND OPERATING IT

DISPLAYING DEVICE AND DISPLAYING METHOD AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE DEVICE

Optical device and fabrication method thereof

一種光學裝置包括波導元件、反射式光閥及投影鏡頭。波導元件可接收偏振光且包括第一表面、第二表面及光柵。偏振光可依序經過第一表面、光柵和第二表面。反射式光閥可將偏振光轉換為影像光，且影像光可依序通過波導元件的第二表面、第一光柵和投影鏡頭。

DEVICE FOR THE TEMPORAL SHAPING OF THE AMPLITUDE AND PHASE OF ULTRASHORT LIGHT PULSES

A device for the temporal shaping of the amplitude and phase of ultrashort pulses, comprising: - a birefringent waveguide 1 of main axis Δ consisting of a nematic liquid crystal 2 located between a photoconductive material 3 and a substrate 4, - two transparent electrodes, one of which 5 is located between said nematic liquid crystal 2 and said substrate 4, and the other 6 such that said photoconductive material 3 is located between said other electrode 6 and said nematic liquid crystal 2, and - projection optics 7 for projecting a programmable optical mask 8 onto said photoconductive material 3.

LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL SWITCH WITH BURNT-IN CONTROL

The invention concerns a switch for optical beams comprising a series of optical input channels (110. , 150) and a series of optical output channels (410, , 450), two liquid crystal cells, respectively adapted to deflect an optical beam coming out of an input channel (110, , 150) or arriving onto an output channel (410, , 450), said two cells comprising each a series of electrodes adapted to orient liquid crystals when one such electrode is subjected to a supply voltage, said electrodes being distributed in zones (210, , 250, 310, , 350), each zone corresponding to a single input channel (110, , 150) or a single output channel (410, , 450), the switch further comprising means for supplying the electrodes with selected voltages. The invention is characterised in that it comprises a series of separate electronic circuits, each being connected to at least a different zone (210, 250) of a given cell, said circuits being each capable of transforming a respective control signal indicating a channel ...

Liquid crystal switchable coupler for coupling at least two unpolarized light inputs

A switchable coupler ( 10 ) has a first waveguide ( 15 ) defining an inlet port ( 31 ) for a first unpolarized light input (A) and a first outlet port ( 32 ), and also a second waveguide ( 16 ) defining an inlet port ( 41 ) for a second unpolarized light input ( 13 ) and a second outlet port ( 42 ). Polarization splitter devices ( 11, 12 ) and two electro-optical switches ( 13,14 ) are sandwiched between the waveguides ( 15, 16 ). The polarization splitter devices ( 11, 12 ) are positioned to split the light inputs (A and B) into respective refracted and reflected polarized components (A_L and A_F; B_L and B_F), and the electro-optical switch ( 13 ) is operable by the application across it of a potential difference (+V) to recombine the polarized components (B_L, B_F) and to couple them with the light output A_T through the first outlet port ( 32 ). As shown in FIG. ( 7 ), the electro-optical switch ( 14 ) is alternatively ...

Polarization independent light switching device based on liquid crystals

A light guiding element for routing a light signal between an input port and an output port or for blocking the propagation of the light signal between the input and output ports depending on the state of the switching element. The guiding element utilizes a beam splitter for separating the input light signal into physically separated first and second polarized light signals, the first light signal having a polarization that is orthogonal to that of the second light signal. A first polarization rotator rotates the polarization of the first light signal such that the polarization of the first light signal is parallel to that of the second light signal. A first waveguide having first and second states operates on the first light signal such that the first waveguide guides the first light signal along a predetermined path in the first state while not guiding the first light signal in the second state. A second waveguide having first and second states operates on the second light signal such ...

VISUALIZATION OF SURGICAL DEVICES

A surgical visualization system is disclosed. The surgical visualization system is configured to identify one or more structure(s) and/or determine one or more distances with respect to obscuring tissue and/or the identified structure(s). The surgical visualization system can facilitate avoidance of the identified structure(s) by a surgical device. The surgical visualization system can comprise a first emitter configured to emit a plurality of tissue-penetrating light waves and a second emitter configured to emit structured light onto the surface of tissue. The surgical visualization system can also include an image sensor configured to detect reflected visible light, tissue-penetrating light, and/or structured light. The surgical visualization system can convey information to one or more clinicians regarding the position of one or more hidden identified structures and/or provide one or more proximity indicators.

Controllable optical waveguide

A controllable optical waveguide includes a core through which light can propagate and cladding around the core, at least one of the core and cladding having plural portions made of a material having a refractive index which varies in response to an applied electric field. A plurality of electrode pairs are arranged so as to each be able to apply an electric field to a respective one of the portions of the material in a manner effecting a change in its refractive index. Each electrode pair includes two electrodes which each have a plurality of fingers, the fingers of one electrode of each pair being interdigitated with those of the other electrode of the pair. As the electric field produced by a given electrode pair varies, the refractive index of the corresponding portion of the material varies in a manner causing the waveguide to retain light or to allow light to escape through such portion.

Fiber optic flat panel liquid crystal display

A display panel which employs semiconductor light sources, fiber optics, liquid crystal and a switching matrix to obtain efficient display.

Waveguide for autostereoscopic display having a plurality of switchable portions of diffusive material within the waveguide for providing either scattering or light-transmissive light to the display

A display includes a display panel and a backlighting system having a light source and waveguide. The waveguide includes diffusing portions of diffusing material. Light propagates through the waveguide by total internal reflection, but may be scattered by the diffusing portions. Scattered light leaving the waveguide through its exit face produces a pattern of light lines for use in illuminating a 3D autostereoscopic image displayed by the display panel. Intervening portions between the diffusing portions, are formed from a material that can be switched between a light transmissive state and a diffusive state. Optical properties of the intervening portions are controlled using electric fields. Such a display is switchable between a 2D image mode, in which the intervening portions are diffusive and the waveguide provides uniform illumination, and a 3D image mode, in which the intervening portions are transmissive and the waveguide provides illumination in the form of light lines.

Display apparatus

A display apparatus includes an image display panel, a light source device, and a control device. The light source device includes a light source that emits light and a light guide member arranged on the back surface side of the panel as seen from the display surface, receives the light via its side surface with respect to its surface facing the panel, and has divided areas arranged in a direction in which the light travels. Each area includes a light modulation layer brought in a light transmission state or in a light scattering state. The control device brings the layers in the scattering state in respective scattering control periods temporally different from each other. When bringing a light modulation layer in the scattering state, the control device controls the light source device with a drive pattern based on a distance between the side surface and the corresponding area.

OPTICAL APPARATUS AND WAVEGUIDE DISPLAY APPARATUS

An optical apparatus includes an image source, a relay optical system, and an optical processing system. The image source is configured to display an image. The relay optical system is configured to project the image displayed by the image source to the optical processing system, and to image at infinity. The optical processing system is configured to project incident light from the relay optical system in a same direction to at least two preset directions sequentially. 1. An optical apparatus comprising:an image source;a relay optical system; andan optical processing system; the image source is configured to display an image;', 'the relay optical system is configured to project the image displayed by the image source to the optical processing system, and to image at infinity; and', 'the optical processing system is configured to project incident light from the relay optical system in a same direction to at least two preset emergent directions sequentially., 'wherein2. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein: a first Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (HPDLC) layer and a second HPDLC layer that are arranged in a laminated manner and are perpendicular to an axial direction of the relay optical system, a direction of diffracted light from the first HPDLC layer being different from a direction of diffracted light from the second HPDLC layer; and', 'a controller configured to control an electric field applied to at least one of the first HPDLC layer or the second HPDLC layer; and, 'the optical processing system includesthe relay optical system is configured to project the image displayed by the image source to the first HPDLC layer and the second HPDLC layer, and to image at infinity.3. The optical apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to:control the electric field to be applied to the first HPDLC layer and the second HPDLC layer during a first time period;control the electric field to be applied to the ...

Управл емое электрооптическое устройство, способ его изготовлени и электрооптический анизотропный пленочный кристалл

... 1. Управляемое электрооптическое устройство, содержащее, по крайней мере, один слой электрооптического материала, отличающееся тем, что, по крайней мере, один слой электрооптического материала выполнен из оптически анизотропного пленочного кристалла, вещество которого содержит ароматические кольца, имеет межплоскостное расстояние 3,4±0,2 вдоль одной из оптических осей и, по крайней мере, один из анизотропных показателей преломления и/или коэффициентов поглощения, которого изменяется в зависимости от напряженности электрического поля. 2. Управляемое электрооптическое устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что пленочный кристалл сформирован из лиотропного жидкого кристалла на основе, но крайней мере, одного дихроичного органического красителя. 3. Управляемое электрооптическое устройство по любому из пп.1 и 2, отличающееся тем, что пленочный кристалл обработан ионами двух - и/или трехвалентных металлов. 4. Управляемое электрооптическое устройство по любому из пп.1 и 3, отличающееся тем, что ...

Elektrisch steuerbarer Lichtmodulator mit einer Materialzusammensetzung basierend auf in elektrooptischen Medien eingebetteten Nanopartikeln

Eine Schicht (10) einer Materialzusammensetzung weist ein Medium (2), auf, welches in einem Bereich elektromagnetischer Strahlung transparent ist, und in welchem ein einzelnes oder eine Mehrzahl Partikel (3) eingebettet ist, welche derart beschaffen sind, daß ihre frequenzabhängige Antwort auf die Einstrahlung elektromagnetischer Strahlung mindestens eine Resonanz, insbesndere eine Plasmonenresonanz, aufweist, wobei das Medium (2) eine durch ein elektrisches Feld induzierbare oder veränderbare Anisotropie des Brechungsindex aufweist. Durch das von zwei Elektroden (20) erzeugte elektrische Feld läßt sich die Plasmonenresonanz verschieben und damit eine elektrisch steuerbare Lichtmodulation, insbesondere Lichtstreuung bzw. -reflexion und Lichtabsorption herbeiführen.

Optical switching apparatus

OPTICAL DEVICES

Polarization independent optical switch

An input beam of radiation (100) incident upon a polarization independent optical switch is resolved into two component beams (110 and 120) having orthogonal linear polarizations. The component beams both pass through a polarization rotator (20), which rotator transmits the component beams without attenuation. The two component beams are then recombined to provide the output beam of radiation (130 or 102) which emerges from the device. When the polarization rotator cell is configured to rotate the polarization of the component beams by 0 DEG the output beam of radiation travels in a first direction (130) and when the polarization rotator is configured to rotate the polarization by 90 DEG the output beam of radiation is switched to a second direction (102). In one embodiment the polarization rotator is a liquid crystal twist cell. ...

OPTICAL SWITCH

OPTICAL NODE DEVICE

An optical node device includes a light receiving/emitting portion having an input port into which a signal beam is incident and an output port that emits a signal beam of a selected wavelength, a chromatic dispersion device that scatters spatially the signal beam depending on the wavelength of the signal beam, an optical coupler that focuses, onto a two-dimensional plane, beams dispersed by the chromatic dispersion device, a spatial light modulating element arranged so as to receive incident light deployed on an xy plane made up of an x-axis direction deployed according to wavelength and a y-axis direction orthogonal to the x-axis direction, and having numerous pixels arranged in a lattice on the xy plane, and a spatial light modulating element driving portion that drives electrodes of the individual pixels arranged in the xy axial directions in the spatial light modulating element. 1. An optical node device comprising:a light receiving/emitting portion having an input port into which a signal beam is incident and an output port that emits a signal beam of a selected wavelength;a chromatic dispersion device that scatters spatially the signal beam depending on the wavelength of the signal beam;an optical coupler that focuses, onto a two-dimensional plane, beams dispersed by the chromatic dispersion device;a spatial light modulating element arranged so as to receive incident light deployed on an xy plane made up of an x-axis direction deployed according to wavelength and a y-axis direction orthogonal to the x-axis direction, and having numerous pixels arranged in a lattice on the xy plane; anda spatial light modulating element driving portion that drives electrodes of the individual pixels arranged in the xy axial directions in the spatial light modulating element so as to either reflect or transmit each of the beams having an individual wavelength in a respective direction.2. The optical node device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein a plurality of pixels provided at ...

OPTICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR MANAGING DIVERSITY AND ISOLATION BETWEEN PORTS IN A WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH

An optical device includes an optical port array, an optical arrangement, a dispersion element, a focusing element and a programmable optical phase modulator. The optical port array has at least one optical input port for receiving an optical beam and a plurality of optical output ports. The optical arrangement allows optical coupling between the input port and each of the output ports and prevents optical coupling between any one of the plurality of optical output ports and any other of the plurality of optical output ports. The dispersion element receives the optical beam from the input port after traversing the optical arrangement and spatially separates the optical beam into a plurality of wavelength components. The focusing element focuses the plurality of wavelength components. The programmable optical phase modulator receives the focused plurality of wavelength components and steers them to a selected one of the optical outputs. 1. An optical device , comprising:an optical port array having at least one optical input port for receiving an optical beam and a plurality of optical output ports;an optical arrangement for allowing optical coupling between the at least one optical input port and each of the optical output ports and preventing optical coupling between any one of the plurality of optical output ports and any other of the plurality of optical output ports;a dispersion element receiving the optical beam from the at least one optical input after traversing the optical arrangement and spatially separating the optical beam into a plurality of wavelength components;a focusing element for focusing the plurality of wavelength components; anda programmable optical phase modulator for receiving the focused plurality of wavelength components, the modulator being configured to steer the wavelength components to a selected one of the optical outputs.2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical arrangement is configured to selectively allow and prevent ...

VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Methods of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate and imprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template are disclosed. The liquid crystal material can be jet deposited. The imprint template can include surface relief features, Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PBPE) structures or diffractive structures. The liquid crystal device manufactured by the methods described herein can be used to manipulate light, such as for beam steering, wavefront shaping, separating wavelengths and/or polarizations, and combining different wavelengths and/or polarizations. 1. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal device , the method comprising:depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate; andimprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template, such that molecules of the liquid crystal material are self-aligned to the pattern.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a layer of material having a refractive index lower than refractive index of the liquid crystal material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the layer of low refractive index material is configured as a planarization layer using a planarization template.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the imprint template includes surface relief features.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the imprint template includes features having a size between about 20 nm and about 1 micron.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the imprint template includes features having a size between about 10 nm and about 200 nm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the imprint template includes PBPE structures.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal device includes a metasurface.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal device comprises a metamaterial.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the imprint template includes a grating array.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

PROJECTION-TYPE DISPLAY APPARATUS

A projection-type display apparatus synthesizes and emits light emitted from a plurality of liquid crystal devices with a projection optical system. Provided that a liquid crystal at an inner side of a seal material in the plurality of liquid crystal devices is V1 in volume and a liquid crystal in a display region is V2 in volume in the plurality of liquid crystal devices, in a second liquid crystal device (a liquid crystal device for blue light) on which light having a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of light being incident on a first liquid crystal device (a liquid crystal device for green light) is incident on the display region, a liquid crystal volume ratio V1/V2 is greater than that of the first liquid crystal device, among the plurality of liquid crystal devices. 1. A projection-type display apparatus comprising:a plurality of liquid crystal devices on which light having mutually different wavelengths is incident; anda projection optical system that synthesizes and emits light emitted from the plurality of liquid crystal devices, whereinprovided that a liquid crystal at an inner side of a seal material in the plurality of liquid crystal devices is V1 in volume and a liquid crystal in a display region is V2 in volume in the plurality of liquid crystal devices,a liquid crystal volume ratio V1/V2 of a second liquid crystal device on which light having a wavelength shorter than a wavelength of light being incident on a first liquid crystal device is incident is greater than a liquid crystal volume ratio V1/V2 of the first liquid crystal device, among the plurality of liquid crystal devices.2. The projection-type display apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of liquid crystal devices each include a light-shielding member for partitioning the display region.3. The projection-type display apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of liquid crystal devices each include a liquid crystal layer having an equal thickness.4. The ...

Surgical visualization with proximity tracking features

A surgical visualization system is disclosed. The surgical visualization system is configured to identify one or more structure(s) and/or determine one or more distances with respect to obscuring tissue and/or the identified structure(s). The surgical visualization system can facilitate avoidance of the identified structure(s) by a surgical device. The surgical visualization system can comprise a first emitter configured to emit a plurality of tissue-penetrating light waves and a second emitter configured to emit structured light onto the surface of tissue. The surgical visualization system can also include an image sensor configured to detect reflected visible light, tissue-penetrating light, and/or structured light. The surgical visualization system can convey information to one or more clinicians regarding the position of one or more hidden identified structures and/or provide one or more proximity indicators.

Optical device

An optical device includes a waveguide device, a reflective-type light valve and a projection lens. The waveguide device receives a first polarized beam and includes a first surface, a second surface and the first grating. The first grating is disposed in a path of the first polarized beam to change a propagation direction of the first polarized beam, and the first polarized beam passes through the first surface, the first grating and the second surface in succession. The reflective-type light valve is disposed downstream from the second surface of the waveguide device to convert the first polarized beam into an image beam. The projection lens is disposed downstream from the reflective-type light valve, and the image beam passing through the second surface of the waveguide device, the first grating and the projection lens in succession.

COMPUTING DEVICE FOR HIGH SPEED OPTICAL DATA SWITCHING

Embodiments of a computing device and optical data switching circuitry are generally described herein. A processing element of the optical data switching circuitry may generate a plurality of optical data signals, and may send the optical data signals to an optical switch of the optical data switching circuitry. The optical switch may transmit the optical signals to a fiber optic router for relay to different destinations. The optical switch may switch between transmission directions for transmission of the optical signals to different receiving ports of the fiber optic router. The receiving ports of the fiber optic router may be mapped to the different destinations, in some cases. 1. Optical data switching circuitry , comprising: 'generate a plurality of optical signals; and', 'a processing element, configured to transmit the optical signals to a fiber optic router for relay to different destinations; and', 'switch between transmission locations for transmission of the optical signals over different optical connections for the destinations, the optical connections between the optical switch and different receiving ports of the fiber optic router,', 'wherein the transmission locations are switched in accordance with a predetermined mapping between the receiving ports and the destinations., 'an optical switch, configured to2. The optical data switching circuitry according to claim 1 , wherein the optical signals are transmitted over the optical connections in accordance with a free space optical coupling between the receiving ports and the optical switch.3. The optical data switching circuitry according to claim 1 , wherein the optical switch is further configured to switch between the transmission locations based on a predetermined mapping between the transmission locations and a control voltage applied to the optical switch.4. The optical data switching circuitry according to claim 1 , wherein the optical switch is further configured to switch between the ...

DISPLAY DEVICE AND ILLUMINATION DEVICE

A display device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of sub illumination regions in which switching between a scattering state and a non-scattering state are independently controlled by applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer. In the sub illumination region, first electrodes for applying the voltage to the liquid crystal layer are aligned, The first electrodes is divided into a plurality of groups in which every or a plurality of first electrodes are electrically connected each other. The sub illumination region includes divided sub illumination regions, in which the switching between the scattering state and the non-scattering state are independently controlled, corresponding to the groups. 1. A display device comprising:a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal panel;a light source device configured to emit illumination light that is incident to an end face of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal panel; anda display panel configured to modulate the illumination light which propagates through the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal panel and is dispersed by the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal panel, whereinthe polymer dispersion type liquid crystal panel includes a plurality of sub illumination regions, in which, switching between a scattering state where the illumination light is scattered and a non-scattering state where the illumination light is not scattered, are independently controlled by applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer,in the sub illumination region, a plurality of first electrodes for applying the voltage to the liquid crystal layer are aligned,the plurality of first electrodes are respectively divided into a plurality of groups in which every or a plurality of first electrodes are electrically connected each other, andthe sub illumination region includes a plurality of divided sub illumination regions, in which the switching between the scattering state and the non-scattering state are ...

DEVICE FOR THE TEMPORAL SHAPING OF THE AMPLITUDE AND PHASE OF ULTRASHORT LIGHT PULSES

A device for the temporal shaping of the amplitude and phase of ultrashort pulses, includes: a birefringent waveguide of main axis Δ consisting of a nematic liquid crystal located between a photoconductive material and a substrate , two transparent electrodes, one of which is located between the nematic liquid crystal and the substrate , and the other such that the photoconductive material is located between the other electrode and the nematic liquid crystal , and projection optics for projecting a programmable optical mask onto the photoconductive material 1. Device for a temporal shaping of the amplitude and phase of ultrashort pulses ,which includes:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'a birefringent waveguide () with a main axis (Δ) formed by a nematic liquid crystal () located between a photoconductor material () and a substrate (),'}{'b': 5', '2', '4', '6', '3', '6', '2, 'two transparent electrodes located one () between said nematic liquid crystal () and said substrate (), and the other () so that said photoconductor material () is located between said other () and said nematic liquid crystal (), and'}{'b': 7', '8', '3, 'optics () for projecting a programmable optical mask () onto said photoconductor material ().'}2. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': '3', 'wherein said photoconductor material () is an amorphous silicon layer α-Si:H or a mixed bismuth and silicon oxide (BSO) crystal.'}3. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': '4', 'wherein said substrate () is a glass plate or a conductive material plate.'}4. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': 8', '3', '13, 'wherein said programmable optical mask () projected onto said photoconductor material () is an array () of black and white lines with a variable pitch.'}5. Device according to claim 1 ,{'b': 15', '3', '16, 'wherein said programmable optical mask () projected onto said photoconductor material () is an array () of gray lines ranging from black to white with a variable pitch.'}6. Device according to claim 4 , wherein{'b': ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

In a display device, an image display panel updates an image in a frame cycle including an image scanning period and a vertical blanking period, a light modulation layer is disposed at a back of the panel and switched to a scattering or transmission state depending on an electric field applied, a light source emits light which enters the light modulation layer from its side and travels therethrough, electrodes are formed according to divided areas of the light modulation layer arranged in a direction of the light and apply the electric field to the light modulation layer, and a controller drives the electrodes in synchronization with image scanning to switch the divided areas to the scattering state in order during the image scanning period, and drives the electrodes according to distances from the side to control the scattering state on the individual divided areas during the vertical blanking period. 1. A display device comprising:an image display panel which updates an image in a frame cycle;a light modulation layer disposed at a back of the image display panel and switched to a scattering state in which incident light is scattered or a transmission state in which the incident light is transmitted according to an electric field applied;a first light source which emits light that enters the light modulation layer from a first side thereof and travels in a first direction in the light modulation layer;a second light source which emits light that enters the light modulation layer from a second side opposite the first side and travels in a second direction reverse to the first direction in the light modulation layer;electrodes which are formed according to divided areas of the light modulation layer arranged in the first and second directions and which apply the electric field to the light modulation layer; anda controller which selects the divided areas in a determined order, which drives the electrodes corresponding to the divided areas on the basis of distances ...

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DISPLAY SUBSTRATE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS

The present disclosure belongs to the field of display technology, and particularly relates to an optical waveguide display substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display apparatus. The optical waveguide display substrate comprises a side light source, an alternating-electric-field electrode structure, and a light scattering layer, wherein the side light source is provided at at least one side of the light scattering layer, the light scattering layer is switchable between a transparent state and a light scattering state under influence of an alternating electric field applied by the alternating-electric-field electrode structure, so that incident light from the side light source is scattered out of the optical waveguide display substrate to form a display image, and the light scattering layer comprises a polymer network and a light scattering liquid crystal material. 1. An optical waveguide display substrate , comprising a side light source , an alternating-electric-field electrode structure , and a light scattering layer , wherein the side light source is provided at at least one side of the light scattering layer , the light scattering layer is configured to be switchable between a transparent state and a light scattering state under influence of an alternating electric field applied by the alternating-electric-field electrode structure , so that incident light from the side light source is scattered out of the optical waveguide display substrate to form a display image , and the light scattering layer comprises a polymer network and a light scattering liquid crystal material.2. The optical waveguide display substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer network is formed of polymeric monomers having liquid crystal phase.3. The optical waveguide display substrate according to claim 2 , wherein a mass proportion of the polymer network and the light scattering liquid crystal material is within a range of (1-10):(99-90)4. The optical waveguide display ...

Optical waveguide display device, manufacturing method and driving method thereof

An optical waveguide display device includes a substrate and a cover plate formed into a cell assembly, and a first filler layer and a second filler layer between the substrate and the cover plate, the first filler layer is closer to the cover plate than the second filler layer, the first filler layer includes liquid crystals and a high molecular polymer, and the second filler layer are liquid crystals.

LIQUID CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDE WITH ACTIVE INCOUPLING

A liquid crystal waveguide (LCW) can include actively controlled incoupling of light into a LCW, such as by using a voltage-controlled electrode to actively vary a property of an LC material arranged to affect the incoupling of light into the LCW. Actively varying light incoupling into the LCW can be used, for example, such as for calibration or compensation or to provide closed-loop feedback such as to stabilize the amount of light into the LCW while accommodating or reducing sensitivity of the LCW to variations in one or more of: input laser light incidence angle, input laser wavelength, LCW or input laser temperature, input laser optical power level, or the like. This can advantageously help improve or maximize light incoupling efficiency, which can improve performance and robustness of the LCW under actual operating conditions. The LCW can be used for, among other things, beamsteering in in-plane and out-of-plane directions. 1. A Liquid Crystal Waveguide (LCW) system with controlled incoupling of light , the system comprising: a core, arranged to receive light provided at a light input for communication toward a light output;', 'a light-incoupling control electrode; and', 'a Liquid Crystal (LC) material, arranged to be controlled by a control signal applied to the light-incoupling control electrode to vary a property of the LC material to adjust an incoupling of light into the core of the LCW., 'a Liquid Crystal Waveguide (LCW), including2. The LCW system of claim 1 , comprising a controller circuit claim 1 , configured to vary the control signal applied to the light-incoupling control electrode to vary a property of the LC material to adjust an incoupling of light into the core of the LCW to accommodate a variation in at least one of input laser light incidence angle claim 1 , input laser wavelength claim 1 , input laser position claim 1 , LCW or input laser temperature claim 1 , or input laser optical power level.3. The LCW system of claim 1 , further ...

Evacuating bragg gratings and methods of manufacturing

Improvements to gratings for use in waveguides and methods of producing them are described herein. Deep surface relief gratings (SRGs) may offer many advantages over conventional SRGs and Bragg gratings, an important one being a higher S-diffraction efficiency. In one embodiment, deep SRGs can be implemented as polymer surface relief gratings or evacuated Bragg gratings (EBGs). EBGs can be formed by first recording a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) grating. Removing the liquid crystal from the cured grating provides a polymer surface relief grating. Polymer surface relief gratings have many applications including for use in waveguide-based displays.

Liquid crystal phase shifter and electronic device

A liquid crystal phase shifter is disclosed. The liquid crystal phase shifter includes a liquid crystal cell, a partition plate, a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal cell includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other; the partition plate is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; the first microstrip line is disposed on a surface of the partition plate away from the second substrate; the second microstrip line is disposed on a surface of the partition plate away from the first substrate; and the liquid crystal molecules are provided between the first substrate and the partition plate, and between the second substrate and the partition plate.

Method and apparatus for contact image sensing

A contact image sensor having a waveguiding structure for propagating light in a first direction including, in series, a first clad medium, a first core, a switchable grating clad, a second core, and a second clad medium sandwiched by transparent substrates, patterned parallel electrode elements orthogonally traversing the waveguides, a light source, a platen and a detector. Switchable grating regions overlapped by a first voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light from the first core towards the platen. Switchable grating region overlapped by a second voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light reflected from the platen into a TIR path within the second core.

SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. An optical device comprises an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material having a first longitudinal surface positioned opposite a second longitudinal surface across a width of the volume, an in-coupler, a liquid crystal out-coupler, and a controller to modulate a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. Light is in-coupled into the waveguide and is propagated along a length of the waveguide by total internal reflection between the longitudinal surfaces before being out-coupled by the liquid crystal out-coupler on a path that is dependent on the modulated refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. In this way, light signals can be steered to create an image and/or to move an exit pupil of an image. WHUDs that employ such optical waveguides are also described. 1. An optical device comprising:an optical waveguide comprising volume of optically transparent material to propagate light signals by total internal reflection, wherein the volume of optically transparent material has a first longitudinal surface and a second longitudinal surface, the second longitudinal surface opposite the first longitudinal surface across a width of the volume of optically transparent material;an in-coupler;a liquid crystal out-coupler to tunably steer light signals; anda controller communicatively coupled to the liquid crystal out-coupler, wherein a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler is modulatable in response to signals from the controller.2. The optical device of wherein the liquid crystal out-coupler comprises a single modulatable region.3. The optical device of wherein the liquid crystal out-coupler comprises at least two distinct claim 1 , independently modulatable regions.4. The optical device of further comprising a processor communicatively coupled to the controller to modulate the ...

SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. An optical device comprises an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material having a first longitudinal surface positioned opposite a second longitudinal surface across a width of the volume, an in-coupler, a liquid crystal out-coupler, and a controller to modulate a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. Light is in-coupled into the waveguide and is propagated along a length of the waveguide by total internal reflection between the longitudinal surfaces before being out-coupled by the liquid crystal out-coupler on a path that is dependent on the modulated refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. In this way, light signals can be steered to create an image and/or to move an exit pupil of an image. WHUDs that employ such optical waveguides are also described. 1. A wearable heads-up display (WHUD) comprising:a support structure that in use is worn on the head of a user;a projector to generate light signals, the projector comprising at least one light source;an optical waveguide comprising a volume of optically transparent material to propagate light signals by total internal reflection, wherein the volume of optically transparent material has a first longitudinal surface and a second longitudinal surface, the second longitudinal surface opposite the first longitudinal surface across a width of the volume of optically transparent material;an in-coupler;a liquid crystal out-coupler to tunably steer light signals; anda controller communicatively coupled to the liquid crystal out-coupler, wherein a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler is modulatable in response to signals from the controller.2. The WHUD of wherein the liquid crystal out-coupler comprises a single modulatable region.3. The WHUD of wherein the liquid crystal out-coupler comprises at least two distinct claim 1 , ...

SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. An optical device comprises an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material having a first longitudinal surface positioned opposite a second longitudinal surface across a width of the volume, an in-coupler, a liquid crystal out-coupler, and a controller to modulate a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. Light is in-coupled into the waveguide and is propagated along a length of the waveguide by total internal reflection between the longitudinal surfaces before being out-coupled by the liquid crystal out-coupler on a path that is dependent on the modulated refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. In this way, light signals can be steered to create an image and/or to move an exit pupil of an image. WHUDs that employ such optical waveguides are also described. 1. A method of operating a wearable heads-up display (WHUD) comprising a support structure that in use is worn on the head of a user , a projector with at least one light source , an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material having a first longitudinal surface opposite a second longitudinal surface across a width of the volume of optically transparent material , an in-coupler , a liquid crystal out-coupler , and a controller communicatively coupled to the liquid crystal out-coupler , the method comprising:generating a first set of light signals by the at least one light source of the projector;in-coupling the second set of light signals into the volume of optically transparent material by the in-coupler;propagating the second set of light signals along a length of the volume of optically transparent material by total internal reflection between the first longitudinal surface and the second longitudinal surface;modulating a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler to a second refractive index ...

DISPLAY DEVICE AND DISPLAY METHOD THEREOF

A display device and a display method thereof are provided. The display device includes: a first base substrate and a second base substrate which are arranged oppositely and a liquid crystal layer between the first base substrate and the second base substrate, the display device further includes: a waveguide grating between the liquid crystal layer and the first base substrate, the waveguide grating including a waveguide layer and a grating layer on one side of the waveguide layer facing the liquid crystal layer, and the grating layer being in contact with the liquid crystal layer; and a collimation light source on a lateral surface of the waveguide layer, light emitted by the collimation light source being coupled into the waveguide layer and output from the grating layer. 1. A display device , comprising: a first base substrate and a second base substrate which are arranged oppositely , and a liquid crystal layer between the first base substrate and the second base substrate , wherein the display device further comprises:a waveguide grating between the liquid crystal layer and the first base substrate, wherein the waveguide grating comprises a waveguide layer and a grating layer on a side of the waveguide layer which faces the liquid crystal layer, and the grating layer is in contact with the liquid crystal layer; anda collimation light source on a lateral surface of the waveguide layer, wherein a light emitted by the collimation light source is coupled into the waveguide layer and output from the grating layer.2. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is changed between a maximum refractive index and a minimum refractive index under a driving signal of the display device; and a refractive index of the grating layer is greater than or equal to the minimum refractive index of the liquid crystal layer claim 1 , and smaller than or equal to the maximum refractive index of the liquid crystal layer.3. The ...

AUGMENTED REALITY DISPLAY HAVING MULTI-ELEMENT ADAPTIVE LENS FOR CHANGING DEPTH PLANES

In some embodiments, an augmented reality system includes at least one waveguide that is configured to receive and redirect light toward a user, and is further configured to allow ambient light from an environment of the user to pass therethrough toward the user. The augmented reality system also includes a first adaptive lens assembly positioned between the at least one waveguide and the environment, a second adaptive lens assembly positioned between the at least one waveguide and the user, and at least one processor operatively coupled to the first and second adaptive lens assemblies. Each lens assembly of the augmented reality system is selectively switchable between at least two different states in which the respective lens assembly is configured to impart at least two different optical powers to light passing therethrough, respectively. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first and second adaptive lens assemblies to synchronously switch between different states in a manner such that the first and second adaptive lens assemblies impart a substantially constant net optical power to ambient light from the environment passing therethrough.

OPTICAL PROCESSING

A modular routing node includes a single input port and a plurality of output ports. The modular routing node is arranged to produce a plurality of different deflections and uses small adjustments to compensate for wavelength differences and alignment tolerances in an optical system. An optical device is arranged to receive a multiplex of many optical signals at different wavelengths, to separate the optical signals into at least two groups, and to process at least one of the groups adaptively. 1. (canceled)2. An optical processor for selectively routing optical signals on multiple wavelength channels , the optical processor comprising:a spatial light modulator (“SLM”) having a two-dimensional array of controllable elements, wherein the SLM is configured for selection of the controllable elements whereby two-dimensional groups of controllable elements are formed at chosen locations of the SLM to independently and controllably deflect light incident on the different groups;a dispersion device positioned to receive and disperse light comprising the optical signals;an optical device disposed between the SLM and the dispersion device to receive the dispersed light from the dispersion device and spatially distribute this dispersed light by wavelength across the SLM and within each of the two-dimensional groups; anda controller coupled to the SLM for assigning which controllable elements correspond to which group and configurable to select the groups so that each wavelength channel corresponds to one of the groups and further configurable to select a first subset of one or more of the optical signals for routing to a first output port,wherein the controller is configurable to adjust a transmission spectrum between optical signals on adjacent wavelength channels.3. The optical processor of claim 2 , wherein the optical device comprises a focusing device.4. The optical processor of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configurable to select a second set of one or ...

DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY METHOD, AND COLOR SEPARATION DEVICE

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first arrangement layer and a second arrangement layer. The first layer includes a first pixel, a second pixel, and a third pixel are arranged periodically in one direction. The second layer is opposed to the first layer, and the second layer includes a first element, a second element, and a third element which are arranged periodically to correspond to the first pixel, the second pixel, and the third pixel, respectively, and separate emission light to light of wavelength corresponding to a first color, light of wavelength corresponding to a second color, and light of wavelength corresponding to a third color to be emitted on the first pixel, the second pixel, and the third pixel, respectively. 1. A display device comprising:a display panel including a plurality of pixels;a color separation device facing the pixels, including a main surface with a convex/concave pattern, and configured to:separate an incident light into a plurality of separated lights,output the plurality of separated lights to the plurality of pixels; andan illumination device including a plurality of light sources and configured to emit the incident light to the color separation device, whereinrespective ones of the plurality of light sources have a first directivity in a first direction and a second directivity in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, andthe first directivity is higher than the second directivity.2. The display device according to claim 1 , whereinthe illumination device has a third directivity in the first direction and a fourth directivity in the second direction, andthe third directivity is higher than the fourth directivity.3. The display device according to claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of pixels includes a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels,the plurality of first pixels are arranged side by side in the first direction,respective colors of the plurality of first pixels are ...

ACTIVE PUSHBROOM SCANNING SYSTEM AND METHOD

Aspects and embodiments are generally directed to active imaging systems and methods. In one example, an active imaging system includes a positioning system configured to detect a direction of motion of the imaging system relative to a scene, an optical source positioned to emit electromagnetic radiation, a non-mechanical beamsteering device positioned to receive the electromagnetic radiation from the optical source and configured to scan the electromagnetic radiation over at least a first portion of the scene within an instantaneous field-of-view of an optical receiver, and the optical receiver positioned to receive reflections of the electromagnetic radiation from at least the first portion of the scene within the instantaneous field-of-view, wherein the first portion of the scene is within a first edge region of the instantaneous field-of-view of the optical receiver, the first edge region being in the direction of motion of the imaging system. 1. An active imaging system comprising:a positioning system configured to detect a direction of motion of the imaging system relative to a scene to be imaged;an optical source positioned to emit electromagnetic radiation along a transmit path;a non-mechanical beamsteering device positioned along the transmit path to receive the electromagnetic radiation from the optical source and configured to scan the electromagnetic radiation over at least a first portion of the scene within an instantaneous field-of-view of an optical receiver; andthe optical receiver positioned to receive reflections of the electromagnetic radiation from at least the first portion of the scene within the instantaneous field-of-view,wherein the first portion of the scene is within a first edge region of the instantaneous field-of-view of the optical receiver, the first edge region being in the direction of motion of the imaging system.2. The active imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the optical receiver is a focal plane array including a ...

OPERATIVE COMMUNICATION OF LIGHT

A surgical access assembly comprises a trocar and a surgical instrument. The trocar comprises a housing and an access tube extending distally from the housing. The housing comprises a hollow light emitter. The housing and the access tube define a lumen extending through the housing and the access tube. The hollow light emitter is configured to project light in the lumen. The surgical instrument comprises an end effector and a shaft extending proximally from the end effector. The shaft comprises an optical receiver positioned within reach of the light from the hollow light emitter. The shaft further comprises a light guide extending from the optical receiver along at least a portion of the shaft toward the end effector. 119-. (canceled)20. A visualization system for use with a trocar defining an access port sized to accommodate insertion of a surgical instrument therethrough , the visualization system comprising:a digital optics adaptor positionable against the trocar;a connector coupled to the digital optics adaptor, wherein the connector is extendable at least partially through the access port, and wherein the connector is configured to transmit light received from the digital optics adaptor to the optical module; and [ a proximal end portion; and', 'a distal end portion;, 'a hollow housing, comprising, 'a light emitter secured by the hollow housing of the optical module, wherein the light emitter is configured to illuminate a surgical site distal to the hollow housing;', 'a camera secured by the hollow housing, wherein the camera is positioned to capture images of the surgical site illuminated by the light emitters; and', 'an attachment feature to removably couple the hollow housing of the optical module to the trocar., 'an optical module, comprising21. The visualization system of claim 20 , wherein the hollow housing of the optical module is decouplable from the trocar by a shaft of the surgical instrument.22. The visualization system of claim 21 , wherein the ...

Launch optics with optical path compensation for a wavelength selective switch

An optical device includes an optical port array, a first walk-off crystal, a first half-wave plate, a second walk-off crystal and a segmented half-wave plate. The optical port array has a first and second plurality of ports for receiving optical beams. The first walk-off crystal spatially separates the beams into first and second portions that are in first and second orthogonal polarization states, respectively. The first portions are walked-off by the first walk-off crystal and the second portions pass therethrough without being walked-off. The first half-wave plate rotates the polarization state of the first and second portions of the optical beams. The second walk-off crystal is oriented in an opposite direction from the first walk-off crystal such that the second portions are walked-off by the second walk-off crystal and the first portions pass therethrough without being walked-off. The segmented half-wave plate receives the first or second portions of the beams.

LIGHT MODULATION DEVICE

A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state when a voltage is applied, and a polarizer, wherein each of the first and second polymer film substrates have in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E) in a first direction to an elongation (E) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees. 1. A light modulation device , comprising:a first polymer film substrate;a second polymer film substrate,an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates wherein the active liquid crystal layer contains a liquid crystal host and a dichroic dye guest, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state when a voltage is applied, anda polarizer,wherein each of the first and second polymer film substrates have in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm,{'b': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'a ratio (E/E) of an elongation (E) in a first direction to an elongation (E) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and'}wherein an angle formed by the first direction of the first polymer film substrate and the first direction of the second polymer film substrate is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.2. The light modulation device according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second orientation state are selected from the group consisting of a ...

Method and Apparatus for Contact Image Sensing

A contact image sensor comprises: a waveguiding structure for propagating light in a first direction comprising, in series, a first clad medium, a first core, a switchable grating clad, a second core, and a second clad medium sandwiched by transparent substrates, patterned parallel electrode elements orthogonally traversing the waveguides, a light source, a platen and a detector. Switchable grating regions overlapped by a first voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light from the first core towards the platen. Switchable grating region overlapped by a second voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light reflected from the platen into a TIR path within the second core. 1. A contact image sensor comprising:a waveguiding structure for propagating light in a first direction comprising, in series disposed in a layer sandwiched by transparent substrates, a first clad medium, a first core, a switchable grating clad, a second core, and a second clad medium;electrodes applied to opposing surfaces of said substrates at least one patterned into a set of parallel elements orthogonally traversing said cores;a light source optically coupled to said first and second cores;a platen in optical contact with said waveguiding structure;a detector optically coupled to said first and second core regions;wherein switchable grating regions overlapped by a first voltage-addressed electrode element are operative, in their diffracting state, to diffract TIR light from first core into a path to outer surface of said platen,wherein switchable gratings region overlapped by a second voltage-addressed electrode element are operative, in their diffracting state, diffract TIR light reflected from said platen into a TIR path to said detector along said second core.2. The apparatus of wherein said waveguiding structure comprises a multiplicity of said cores and said clads cyclically arranged.3. The apparatus of wherein said voltages are applied sequentially claim 1 , two electrodes ...

LIQUID-CRYSTAL VARIABLE RETARDER USING LIQUID CRYSTAL CELLS OF DIFFERING THICKNESSES

A liquid-crystal variable retarder has first and second liquid-crystal cells with respective first and second thicknesses, the second thickness being less than the first thickness. A feedback sensor provides a feedback signal indicative of a retardance of the liquid-crystal variable retarder. A controller is coupled to the feedback sensor and the first and second liquid-crystal cells. The controller is operable to apply a first signal to the first liquid-crystal cell based on a target retardance trajectory and a feedforward control model. The controller applies a second signal to the second liquid-crystal cell based on the feedback signal and the target retardance trajectory. 1. An apparatus comprising: a first liquid-crystal cell having a first thickness; and', 'a second liquid-crystal cell having a second thickness that is less than the first thickness;, 'a liquid-crystal variable retarder comprisinga feedback sensor providing a feedback signal indicative of a retardance of the liquid-crystal variable retarder; and apply a first signal to the first liquid-crystal cell based on a target retardance trajectory and a feedforward control model; and', 'apply a second signal to the second liquid-crystal cell based on the feedback signal and the target retardance trajectory., 'a controller coupled to the feedback sensor and the first and second liquid-crystal cells, the controller operable to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature sensor thermally coupled to the liquid-crystal variable retarder claim 1 , a temperature signal from the temperature sensor being input to change a parameter of the feedforward control model.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the feedback signal is used to further adjust a parameter of the feedforward control model.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising first and second polarizers at a respective input side and output side of the liquid-crystal variable retarder claim 1 , the first and second polarizers ...

DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH OPTICAL ELEMENTS FOR IN-COUPLING MULTIPLEXED LIGHT STREAMS

Architectures are provided for selectively incoupling one or more streams of light from a multiplexed light stream into a waveguide. The multiplexed light stream can have light with different characteristics (e.g., different wavelengths and/or different polarizations). The waveguide can comprise in-coupling elements that can selectively couple one or more streams of light from the multiplexed light stream into the waveguide while transmitting one or more other streams of light from the multiplexed light stream. 1a waveguide; andan image injection device configured to direct a multiplexed light stream into the waveguide, the multiplexed light stream comprising a plurality of light streams, wherein the plurality of light streams comprises a first stream of light having a different wavelength and a different polarization than a second stream of light,wherein the waveguide comprises wavelength and polarization selective liquid crystal in-coupling optical elements, wherein the liquid crystal in-coupling optical elements are configured to selectively in-couple the first stream of light while being transmissive to the second stream of light.. A display system comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/369,890 filed on Mar. 29, 2019 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/182,528 filed on Jun. 14, 2016 which claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/175,994 filed on Jun. 15, 2015 and of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/180,551 filed on Jun. 16, 2015. Each of the above-identified applications is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.This application incorporates by reference in its entirety each of the following U.S. patents and patent applications: U.S. Pat. No. 6,334,960, issued on Jan. 1, 2002, titled “Step and Flash Imprint Technology;” U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,087, issued on Mar. 29, 2005, titled “High-Precision Orientation, Alignment and Gap control Stages for ...

Device for routing light among a set of optical waveguides

Light streams are routed. A transparent plate can be provided in which at least 2 waveguides converge on an active region, wherein the active region comprises a switching element, which can be utilized to extract a portion of the light stream or combine two or more wavelength portions for form a subsequent light stream. Cladding material constrains a light stream to a waveguide. Ion bombardment can be utilized to form micropores in the cladding material, and subsequent etching can enlarge the micropores to form larger diameter pores (of nanometer scale) in the switching element. The pores can be filled with liquid crystal, which can be in a passive state with a first refractive (RI) index, and a second active state (electrical voltage applied) with a second RI. By adjusting the RI. the light stream can be diverted by operations of refraction, diffraction, reflection, etc.

Electro-optic beam deflector device

A substantially planar waveguide for dynamically controlling the out-of-plane angle at which a light beam exits the waveguide. Generally, liquid crystal materials may be disposed within a waveguide in a cladding proximate or adjacent to a core layer of the waveguide. In one example, the waveguide may contain one or more taper regions such that the light beam exits the waveguide and propagates out-of-the-plane of the waveguide into an out-coupling medium at a propagation angle. In one example, the waveguide may contain one or more electrodes onto which one or more voltages may be applied. The magnitude of the propagation angle may be electronically controlled by altered by controlling or altering the magnitude of the one or more applied voltages.

Systems and Methods for Manufacturing Waveguide Cells

Systems for the manufacturing of waveguide cells in accordance with various embodiments can be configured and implemented in many different ways. In many embodiments, various deposition mechanisms are used to deposit layer(s) of optical recording material onto a transparent substrate. A second transparent substrate can be provided, and the three layers can be laminated to form a waveguide cell. Suitable optical recording material can vary widely depending on the given application. In some embodiments, the optical recording material deposited has a similar composition throughout the layer. In a number of embodiments, the optical recording material spatially varies in composition, allowing for the formation of optical elements with varying characteristics. Regardless of the composition of the optical recording material, any method of placing or depositing the optical recording material onto a substrate can be utilized. 1. A method for manufacturing waveguide cells , the method comprising;providing a first substrate;determining a predefined grating characteristic;depositing a layer of optical recording material onto the first substrate using at least one deposition head; andholographically exposing the layer of optical recording material on the first substrate, wherein the optical recording material deposited over the grating region is formulated to achieve the predefined grating characteristic after holographic exposure.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:providing a second substrate;placing the second substrate onto the deposited layer of optical recording material; andlaminating the first substrate, the layer of optical recording material, and the second substrate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing the layer of optical recording material comprises:providing a first mixture of optical recording material;providing a second mixture of optical recording material; anddepositing the first and second mixtures of optical recording material onto the ...

WAVEGUIDE WITH COHERENT INTERFERENCE MITIGATION

A pupil-replicating waveguide suitable for operation with a coherent light source is disclosed. A waveguide body has opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light. An out-coupling element is disposed in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path. Electrodes are coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to create time-varying phase delays between the portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element. 1. A pupil-replicating waveguide comprising:a waveguide body having opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light therebetween;an out-coupling element in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling a plurality of portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path; andelectrodes coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to provide time-varying phase delays between different portions of the plurality of portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element.2. The pupil-replicating waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the out-coupling element and one of the electrodes comprise a same electrically conductive diffraction grating.3. The pupil-replicating waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide body comprises:a substrate for propagating the beam of image light therein; andan electrically responsive layer disposed between the electrodes and configured to modulate the optical path length of the beam upon application of an electrical signal to the electrodes.4. The pupil-replicating waveguide of claim 3 , wherein the electrical signal comprises voltage claim 3 , and wherein the electrically responsive layer comprises an elastic polymer material deformable by an electrostatic attraction force between the electrodes upon application of the voltage.5. The pupil-replicating ...

Wide field-of-view polarization switches with liquid crystal optical elements with pretilt

A switchable optical assembly comprises a switchable waveplate configured to be electrically activated and deactivated to selectively alter the polarization state of light incident thereon. The switchable waveplate comprises first and second surfaces and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second surfaces. The first liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. Said first and second surfaces may be curved. Said plurality of liquid crystal molecules may vary in tilt with respect to said first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from an axis through said first and second surfaces and said liquid crystal layer in a plurality of radial directions. The switchable waveplate additionally comprises a first plurality of electrodes to apply an electrical signal across said first liquid crystal layer.

ELECTRO-OPTIC BEAM DEFLECTOR DEVICE

A substantially planar waveguide for controlling the out-of-plane angle at which a light beam exits the waveguide. Generally, liquid crystal materials may be disposed within a waveguide in a cladding proximate or adjacent to a core layer of the waveguide. In one example, the waveguide may contain one or more taper regions such that the light beam exits the waveguide and propagates out-of-the-plane of the waveguide into an out-coupling medium at a propagation angle. In one example, the waveguide may contain one or more electrodes onto which one or more voltages may be applied. The magnitude of the propagation angle may be electronically controlled by altered by controlling or altering the magnitude of the one or more applied voltages. 1. (canceled)2. A planar waveguide for adjusting an angle of a light beam in an in-plane direction , the waveguide comprising:a waveguide core shaped to guide a light beam along a length of the waveguide;a cladding including an electro-optic material capable of an interaction with a portion of the light beam; 'a first row of electrically connected electrodes, wherein individual electrodes in the first row are capable of respectively adjusting an angle of a portion of the light beam by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material.', 'electrodes shaped and arranged to adjust an angle of the light beam in an in-plane direction by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material, wherein the arrangement of electrodes includes3. The planar waveguide of wherein an individual electrode in the first row includes a first facet normal to a longitudinal direction of the waveguide and a second facet non-normal to the longitudinal direction of the waveguide.4. The planar waveguide of wherein the arrangement of electrodes further includes a second row of electrically connected electrodes in series with and corresponding to respective electrodes in the first row claim 3 , wherein individual electrodes in the second row ...

TECHNIQUE FOR DYANAMICALLY CONTROLLING THE INCOUPLER OF A BEAM-STEERING DEVICE

An optical system has a beam-steering device having a planar waveguide region between a tapered incoupler and a tapered outcoupler that respectively define opposing incoupler and outcoupler facets of the BS device. Each region has a substrate, a subcladding layer over the substrate, a core layer over the subcladding, and a top cladding layer over the core. Within the incoupler, at least one of the subcladding and the top cladding has a material having a refractive index that varies with an applied field (e.g., an electric field) applied at the incoupler. The optical system also has a field-applying device that applies the applied field at the incoupler, an output detector that generates a feedback signal based on detected outgoing light output from the outcoupler, and a controller that controls the field-applying device based on the feedback signal to alter the light output from the outcoupler. 1. An optical system comprising: a substrate;', 'a subcladding layer over the substrate;', 'a core layer over the subcladding layer; and', 'a top cladding layer, wherein, within the incoupler, at least one of the subcladding layer and the top cladding layer comprises a material having a refractive index that varies with an applied field applied at the incoupler;, 'a beam-steering (BS) device comprising a planar waveguide region between a tapered incoupler and tapered outcoupler that respectively define opposing incoupler and outcoupler facets of the BS device, wherein each of the waveguide region, the incoupler, and the outcoupler comprises;'}a field-applying device configured to apply the applied field at the incoupler;an output detector configured to generate a feedback signal based on detected outgoing light output from the outcoupler; anda controller configured to control the field-applying device based on the feedback signal to alter the outgoing light output from the outcoupler.2. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the applied field is an electric field.3. The ...

ACTIVE IMAGING SYSTEMS AND METHOD

Imaging systems and method of optical imaging. One example of an imaging system includes an optical scanning subsystem including an optical source and a waveguide, the waveguide being configured to direct optical radiation generated by the optical source over an area of a scene, a detection subsystem including an optical sensor configured to collect reflected optical radiation from the area of the scene, and a fused fiber focusing assembly including a fused fiber bundle, a plurality of lenses coupled together and positioned to receive and focus the reflected optical radiation from the area of the scene directly onto the fused fiber bundle, a microlens array interposed between the fused fiber bundle and the optical sensor and positioned to receive the reflected optical radiation from the fused fiber bundle, and a focusing lens positioned to direct the reflected optical radiation from the microlens array onto the optical sensor. 1. An imaging system comprising:an optical scanning subsystem including an optical source and a waveguide, the waveguide being configured to direct optical radiation generated by the optical source over a first area of a scene;a detection subsystem including an optical sensor configured to collect reflected optical radiation from the first area of the scene; and a fused fiber bundle,', 'a plurality of lenses, the plurality of lenses being coupled together and positioned to receive and focus the reflected optical radiation from the first area of the scene directly onto the fused fiber bundle,', 'a microlens array interposed between the fused fiber bundle and the optical sensor, the microlens array being positioned to receive the reflected optical radiation from the fused fiber bundle, and', 'a focusing lens positioned to direct the reflected optical radiation from the microlens array onto the optical sensor., 'a fused fiber focusing assembly including2. The imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the fused fiber bundle includes a ...

Systems and Methods for Manufacturing Waveguide Cells

Systems for the manufacturing of waveguide cells in accordance with various embodiments can be configured and implemented in many different ways. In many embodiments, various deposition mechanisms are used to deposit layer(s) of optical recording material onto a transparent substrate. A second transparent substrate can be provided, and the three layers can be laminated to form a waveguide cell. Suitable optical recording material can vary widely depending on the given application. In some embodiments, the optical recording material deposited has a similar composition throughout the layer. In a number of embodiments, the optical recording material spatially varies in composition, allowing for the formation of optical elements with varying characteristics. Regardless of the composition of the optical recording material, any method of placing or depositing the optical recording material onto a substrate can be utilized. 1. A method for manufacturing waveguide cells , the method comprising;providing a first substrate;determining a predefined grating characteristic; anddepositing a layer of optical recording material onto the first substrate using at least one deposition head, wherein the optical recording material deposited over the grating region is formulated to achieve the predefined grating characteristic.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:providing a second substrate;placing the second substrate onto the deposited layer of optical recording material; andlaminating the first substrate, the layer of optical recording material, and the second substrate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing the layer of optical recording material comprises:providing a first mixture of optical recording material;providing a second mixture of optical recording material; anddepositing the first and second mixtures of optical recording material onto the first substrate in a predetermined pattern using the at least one deposition head.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein: ...

Liquid Crystal Materials and Formulations

Photopolymerizable materials and in particular holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials and processes for fabricating holographic waveguide devices from such materials are provided. Materials and formulations of photopolymerizable materials incorporate a mixture of LCs and monomer (and other components including: photoinitiator dye, coinitiators, surfactant), which under holographic exposure undergo phase separation to provide a grating in which at least one of the LCs and at least one of the monomers forms a first HPDLC morphology that provides a P polarization response and at least one of the LCs and at least one of the monomers forms a second HPDLC morphology that provides a S polarization response. 1. A reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material comprising:photopolymerizable monomers;a cross-linking agent;a photoinitiator; and 'wherein the photopolymerizable monomers and liquid crystals are selected such that under holographic exposure the reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material undergoes phase separation to provide a grating in which at least one of the liquid crystals and at least one of the monomers form a first HPDLC morphology that provides a P polarization response and at least one of the liquid crystals and at least one of the monomers form a second HPDLC morphology that provides a S polarization response.', 'liquid crystals;'}2. The reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one photopolymerizable monomer have a refractive index between 1.5 and 1.9.3. The reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of diffraction efficiency of the HPDLC morphologies to P- and S-polarized light is between about 1.1:1 to about 2:1.4. The reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material of claim 3 , wherein the ratio of diffraction efficiency of the HPDLC morphologies to P- and S-polarized light is about 1.5:1.5. The reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material of ...

Low Haze Liquid Crystal Materials

Photopolymerizable materials and in particular holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials and processes for fabricating holographic waveguide devices from such materials are provided. Materials and formulations of photopolymerizable materials are sufficiently low haze to allow for the omission of adhesives from within the cell of the holographic waveguide devices. The photopolymerizable materials are used in association with methods of manufacturing holographic waveguides such that photopolymerizable materials may be used as an adhesive material. 1. A method of forming a waveguide cell , the method comprising:providing first and second transparent substrates;forming a cell from the substrates; photopolymerizable monomers,', 'a cross-linking agent,', 'a photoinitiator, and', 'liquid crystals;, 'providing a reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material comprisingcombining at least one of the monomers and at least one of the liquid crystals;heating the reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material to a temperature sufficient to initiate crosslinking of the polymer matrix; anddepositing the heated reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material into the cell.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exposing the filled cell to a light source to pre-cure the reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising cooling the pre-cured cell to freeze the reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material material.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising exposing the cell using a laser wavelength holographic process.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising heating the exposed cell to an elevated temperature and curing the exposed cell.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the monomers and the at least one of the liquid crystals are combined using a vibrational technique.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated reactive monomer liquid crystal mixture material is deposited into the ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

In a display device, an image display panel updates an image in a frame cycle including an image scanning period and a vertical blanking period, a light modulation layer is disposed at a back of the panel and switched to a scattering or transmission state depending on an electric field applied, a light source emits light which enters the light modulation layer from its side and travels therethrough, electrodes are formed according to divided areas of the light modulation layer arranged in a direction of the light and apply the electric field to the light modulation layer, and a controller drives the electrodes in synchronization with image scanning to switch the divided areas to the scattering state in order during the image scanning period, and drives the electrodes according to distances from the side to control the scattering state on the individual divided areas during the vertical blanking period. 1. A display device comprising:a light modulation layer switched to a scattering state in which incident light is scattered or a transmission state in which the incident light is transmitted according to an electric field applied;a first light source which emits light that enters the light modulation layer from a first side thereof and travels in a first direction in the light modulation layer;a second light source which emits light that enters the light modulation layer from a second side opposite the first side and travels in a second direction reverse to the first direction in the light modulation layer;electrodes which are formed according to divided areas of the light modulation layer arranged in the first and second directions and which apply the electric field to the light modulation layer; anda controller which selects the divided areas in a determined order, which drives the electrodes corresponding to the divided areas on the basis of distances between the selected divided areas and the first side and distances between the selected divided areas and the ...

Display apparatus

A display apparatus includes an image display panel, a light source device, and a control device. The light source device includes a light source that emits light and a light guide member arranged on the back surface side of the panel as seen from the display surface, receives the light via its side surface with respect to its surface facing the panel, and has divided areas arranged in a direction in which the light travels. Each area includes a light modulation layer brought in a light transmission state or in a light scattering state. The control device brings the layers in the scattering state in respective scattering control periods temporally different from each other. When bringing a light modulation layer in the scattering state, the control device controls the light source device with a drive pattern based on a distance between the side surface and the corresponding area.

Optical Processing

A modular routing node includes a single input port and a plurality of output ports. The modular routing node is arranged to produce a plurality of different deflections and uses small adjustments to compensate for wavelength differences and alignment tolerances in an optical system. An optical device is arranged to receive a multiplex of many optical signals at different wavelengths, to separate the optical signals into at least two groups, and to process at least one of the groups adaptively.

WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH

Various methods, systems, and apparatuses, for optical switching are provided. For example, one wavelength selective switch (WSS) includes a plurality of optical ports wherein one or more optical ports are configured to receive one or more input optical beams the one or more input optical beams having a plurality of wavelength channels and wherein one or more of the optical ports are configured to receive one or more wavelength channels of the plurality of wavelength channels for output. The WSS also includes a polarization conditioning assembly, a polarization beam splitter assembly, a direction dependent polarization rotator, a polarization beam splitter, a grating, and a polarization modulator array having a plurality of polarizing modulation cells, each cell configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell. 1. A wavelength selective switch comprising:a plurality of optical ports wherein one or more optical ports are configured to receive one or more input optical beams the one or more input optical beams having a plurality of wavelength channels and wherein one or more of the optical ports are configured to receive one or more wavelength channels of the plurality of wavelength channels for output;a polarization conditioning assembly;a polarization beam splitter assembly;a direction dependent polarization rotator;a polarization beam splitter;a grating; anda polarization modulator array having a plurality of polarizing modulation cells, each cell configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell.2. The wavelength selective switch of claim 1 , wherein the polarization conditioning assembly is configured to condition the input optical beam such that the one or more input optical beams have a uniform polarization orientation.3. The wavelength selective switch of claim 1 , comprising a beam expander optical coupled between the polarization beam splitter and ...

OPTICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR MANAGING DIVERSITY AND ISOLATION BETWEEN PORTS IN A WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH

An optical device includes an optical port array, an optical arrangement, a dispersion element, a focusing element and a programmable optical phase modulator. The optical port array has at least one optical input port for receiving an optical beam and a plurality of optical output ports. The optical arrangement allows optical coupling between the input port and each of the output ports and prevents optical coupling between any one of the plurality of optical output ports and any other of the plurality of optical output ports. The dispersion element receives the optical beam from the input port after traversing the optical arrangement and spatially separates the optical beam into a plurality of wavelength components. The focusing element focuses the plurality of wavelength components. The programmable optical phase modulator receives the focused plurality of wavelength components and steers them to a selected one of the optical outputs. 1. An optical device , comprising:an optical port array having at least one optical input port for receiving an optical beam and a plurality of optical output ports;an optical arrangement for allowing optical coupling between the at least one optical input port and each of the optical output ports and preventing optical coupling between any one of the plurality of optical output ports and any other of the plurality of optical output ports;a dispersion element receiving the optical beam from the at least one optical input after traversing the optical arrangement and spatially separating the optical beam into a plurality of wavelength components;a focusing element for focusing the plurality of wavelength components; anda programmable optical phase modulator for receiving the focused plurality of wavelength components, the modulator being configured to steer the wavelength components to a selected one of the optical outputs.2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical arrangement is configured to selectively allow and prevent ...

Optical Processing

A modular routing node includes a single input port and a plurality of output ports. The modular routing node is arranged to produce a plurality of different deflections and uses small adjustments to compensate for wavelength differences and alignment tolerances in an optical system. An optical device is arranged to receive a multiplex of many optical signals at different wavelengths, to separate the optical signals into at least two groups, and to process at least one of the groups adaptively. 1. An optical routing module having at least two inputs and at least one output and operable to select between the inputs , the module comprising:a reflective Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) having a two-dimensional array of controllable elements, a dispersion device, an optical device, and circuitry constructed and arranged to control the controllable elements of the SLM to determine what is output, wherein:the dispersion device is disposed to receive light from said at least two inputs and is constructed and arranged to angularly disperse light beams of different centre wavelengths;the optical device is disposed to receive the angularly dispersed light beams from the dispersion device, to direct the light beams to respective different two-dimensional groups of controllable elements of the SLM and to spatially distribute the light beams from the dispersion device by wavelength as input light beams both across the SLM and within each of the two-dimensional groups, thereby to form light beams having spatially separated centre wavelengths at the SLM;the SLM is disposed to receive one or more input light beams having spatially separated centre wavelengths from the optical device and to form one or more emergent reflected output light beams, and is operable to steer the one or more emergent reflected output light beams away from the input light beams; andthe optical device and dispersion element are further disposed such that all wavelengths selected for routing to an output are ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

In a display device, an image display panel updates an image in a frame cycle including an image scanning period and a vertical blanking period, a light modulation layer is disposed at a back of the panel and switched to a scattering or transmission state depending on an electric field applied, a light source emits light which enters the light modulation layer from its side and travels therethrough, electrodes are formed according to divided areas of the light modulation layer arranged in a direction of the light and apply the electric field to the light modulation layer, and a controller drives the electrodes in synchronization with image scanning to switch the divided areas to the scattering state in order during the image scanning period, and drives the electrodes according to distances from the side to control the scattering state on the individual divided areas during the vertical blanking period. 1. A display device comprising:an image display panel which updates an image in a frame cycle including an image scanning period and a vertical blanking period;a light modulation layer disposed at a back of the image display panel and switched to a scattering state in which incident light is scattered or a transmission state in which the incident light is transmitted according to an electric field applied;a light source which emits light that enters the light modulation layer from a side thereof and travels in the light modulation layer;electrodes which are formed according to divided areas of the light modulation layer arranged in a direction in which the light from the light source travels and which apply the electric field to the light modulation layer; anda controller which drives the electrodes in synchronization with image scanning and switches in order the divided areas to be put into the scattering state, during a first period corresponding to the image scanning period, and which drives the electrodes according to distances from the side to control the ...

Methods for Compensating for Optical Surface Nonuniformity

Systems and methods for compensating for nonuniform surface topography features in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a method for manufacturing waveguide cells, the method including providing a waveguide including first and second substrates and a layer of optical recording material, and applying a surface forming process to at least one external surface of the first and second substrates. In another embodiment, applying the surface forming process includes applying a forming material coating to the at least one external surface, providing a forming element having a forming surface, bringing the forming element in physical contact with the forming material coating, curing the forming material coating while it is in contact with the forming element, and releasing the forming material coating from the forming element. 1. A method for manufacturing waveguide cells , the method comprising:providing a waveguide comprising first and second substrates and a layer of optical recording material; andapplying a surface forming process to at least one external surface of said first and second substrates.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying said surface forming process comprises:applying a forming material coating to said at least one external surface;providing a forming element having a forming surface;bringing said forming element in physical contact with said forming material coating;curing said forming material coating while it is in contact with said forming element; andreleasing said forming material coating from said forming element.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface forming process provides surface planarization said at least one external surface.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein applying said surface forming process further comprises depositing at least one of a release layer or a hard coat layer.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein curing said forming material coating comprises applying UV ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device including a first substrate including a plurality of reflection electrodes on a front side of the first substrate, the plurality of reflection electrodes including a first reflection electrode and a second reflection electrode which is farther away from a light source than the first reflection electrode; a second substrate including a transparent electrode on a back side of the second substrate; a light modulation layer which includes a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystalline monomer and liquid crystal molecules dispersed in the liquid crystalline monomer, the light modulation layer being disposed between the plurality of reflection electrodes and the transparent electrode; a drive section driving the plurality of reflection electrodes and the transparent electrode, wherein an application time of a first drive voltage applied between the transparent electrode and the first reflection electrode is shorter than an application time of a second drive voltage applied between the transparent electrode and the second reflection electrode. 1. A display device comprising:a first substrate including a plurality of reflection electrodes on a front side of the first substrate, the plurality of reflection electrodes including a first reflection electrode and a second reflection electrode which is farther away from a light source than the first reflection electrode;a second substrate including a transparent electrode on a back side of the second substrate;a light modulation layer which includes a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystalline monomer and liquid crystal molecules dispersed in the liquid crystalline monomer, the light modulation layer being disposed between the plurality of reflection electrodes and the transparent electrode;a drive section driving the plurality of reflection electrodes and the transparent electrode,wherein an application time of a first drive voltage applied between the ...

WAVEGUIDE WITH COHERENT INTERFERENCE MITIGATION

A pupil-replicating waveguide suitable for operation with a coherent light source is disclosed. A waveguide body has opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light. An out-coupling element is disposed in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path. Electrodes are coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to create time-varying phase delays between the portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element.

CHALCOGENIDE GLASS WAVEGUIDES FOR REFRACTIVE NON-MECHANICAL BEAM STEERER

A liquid crystal-based non-mechanical beam steering device that permits steering in the mid-wave infrared and has a chalcogenide waveguide. The waveguide core, the subcladding, or both comprise a chalcogenide glass. The liquid crystal-based non-mechanical beam steering device has a tapered subcladding and a liquid crystal layer.

Optical waveguide apparatus, control method for optical waveguide apparatus, and storage medium

An optical waveguide apparatus, a control method for the optical waveguide apparatus, and a storage medium are described in the disclosure. In one example implementation, an optical waveguide apparatus includes a control component and a waveguide structure. The waveguide structure includes m input interfaces and n output interfaces, where both m and n are integers greater than 1. The waveguide structure includes a first waveguide layer and a second waveguide layer, where an optical waveguide exists in the second waveguide layer. The control component is configured to control the first waveguide layer to form an optical waveguide, and the optical waveguide and an optical waveguide in the second waveguide layer form a cross-layer optical signal path.

DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS WITH ANALOG MODULATIONS AND SWITCHING

A waveguide configured for use with a near eye display (NED) device can include a light-transmissive substrate configured to propagate light rays through total internal reflection and a switchable diffractive optical element (DOE) on a surface of the substrate that is configured to input and/or output light rays to and/or from the substrate. According to some embodiments, the switchable DOE can include diffractive properties that vary across an area of the DOE. In some embodiments, the switchable DOE includes a surface relief diffraction grating (SRG) a surface of the substrate, a layer of liquid crystal material in contact with the SRG, a layer of conducting material in contact with the liquid crystal material configured to apply the voltage to the liquid crystal material, and a layer of insulating material over the layer of conducting material. 1. An optical waveguide comprising:a light-transmissive substrate configured for use in a near-eye display (NED) device, the substrate including a plurality of internally reflective surfaces configured to propagate light rays through internal reflection; anda switchable diffractive optical element (DOE) on a first surface of the plurality of surfaces of the substrate, the switchable DOE configured to input light rays to the substrate or output light rays from the substrate, the switchable DOE having diffractive properties that vary across an area of the switchable DOE; a surface relief diffraction grating (SRG) on the first surface of the substrate; and', 'a Switchable Bragg Gating (SBG) overlaid on the SRG, the SBG configured to be electronically switchable between a transparent state and a diffractive state., 'wherein the switchable DOE includes2. (canceled)3. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the diffractive properties include diffraction efficiency.4. The optical waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the SRG has a diffraction grating structure that varies in at least one parameter across the area of the DOE.5. The ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

According to one embodiment, there is provided a display device including a first display panel, a second display panel, a polarizer, and a light source unit. The first display panel includes a first liquid crystal layer. The second display panel includes a second liquid crystal layer. The polarizer has an absorption axis which allows absorption of linearly polarized light. The light source unit is opposed to a first end portion of the first display panel and a second end portion of the second display panel. Each of the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer includes streak-like polymers and liquid crystal molecules. 1. A display device comprising:a first display panel comprising a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate;a second display panel comprising a third substrate, a fourth substrate opposed to the third substrate, and a second liquid crystal layer held between the third substrate and the fourth substrate;a polarizer located between the second substrate and the third substrate and including an absorption axis which allows absorption of linearly polarized light; anda light source unit opposed to a first end portion of the first display panel and a second end portion of the second display panel, whereineach of the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer includes streak-like polymers and liquid crystal molecules.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein an extension direction of the polymers of the first liquid crystal layer and an extension direction of the polymers of the second liquid crystal layer are parallel to the absorption axis.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein the second end portion overlaps the first end portion.4. The display device of claim 3 , whereinthe first end portion extends in the extension direction of the polymers of the first liquid crystal layer, andthe second end ...

LIGHT SOURCE APPARATUS, PROJECTOR, AND LIGHT SOURCE MODULE

Alight source apparatus includes a light source, a first polarization separator that transmits a first polarization component of first light in the first direction and reflects a second polarization component of the first light in a second direction, a second polarization separator that reflects the first polarization component of the first light in the second direction, a first reflector that reflects the second polarization component of the first light, a first retarder between the first polarization separator and the first reflector, a wavelength converter that converts the first light into second light and outputs the second light, a first color separator, a second retarder, a second color separator, and a third retarder. 1. A light source apparatus comprising:a light source that outputs first light;a first polarization separator that transmits a first polarization component of the first light outputted from the light source in the first direction, and reflects a second polarization component of the first light outputted from the light source in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;a second polarization separator that is located in the first direction with respect to the first polarization separator, and reflects the first polarization component of the first light outputted from the first polarization separator in the second direction;a first reflector that is located in the second direction with respect to the first polarization separator, and reflects the first light incident on the first reflector in a third direction opposite the second direction;a first retarder that is located between the first polarization separator and the first reflector in the second direction, and converts polarization components of the first light;a wavelength converter that is located in the second direction with respect to the second polarization separator, converts the first polarization component of the first light into second light, and outputs the second ...

DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DISPLAY DEVICE

According to the present invention, a display device includes a display panel, and a parallax barrier shutter panel. The parallax barrier shutter panel is provided to be opposed to the display panel. The parallax barrier shutter panel includes a plurality of first transparent electrodes, a drive IC, and an FPC. The plurality of first transparent electrodes are provided at regular intervals. The drive IC is configured to control a voltage to be applied to each of the plurality of first transparent electrodes. The FPC includes an FPC terminal electrically connected to an input terminal of the drive IC. At least one of each of the plurality of first transparent electrodes, an output terminal of the drive IC, and the FPC terminal is electrically connected to a short ring. 1. A display device comprising:a display panel; anda parallax barrier shutter panel provided to be opposed to the display panel, wherein a plurality of transparent electrodes provided at regular intervals;', 'a drive IC configured to control a voltage to be applied to each of the plurality of transparent electrodes; and', 'an FPC including an FPC terminal electrically connected to an input terminal of the drive IC, and, 'the parallax barrier shutter panel comprisesat least one of each of the plurality of transparent electrodes, an output terminal of the drive IC, and the FPC terminal is electrically connected to a short ring.2. The display device according to claim 1 , whereinthe parallax barrier shutter panel further comprises a high-resistance element between the short ring and at least one of each of the plurality of transparent electrodes, the output terminal of the drive IC, and the FPC terminal.3. The display device according to claim 2 , whereinthe high-resistance element is also provided between the plurality of transparent electrodes.4. The display device according to claim 2 , whereinthe drive IC comprises a plurality of the output terminals electrically connected to the plurality of ...

POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT ELECTRO-OPTICALLY INDUCED WAVEGUIDE

The invention provides an electro-optically induced waveguide including: 1. An electro-optically induced waveguide comprising:a waveguide layer stack comprising a core layer comprising an electro-optic material for guiding light waves; anda field generator for generating an electrical field in the core layer, wherein the field generator comprises an electrode arrangement comprising a plurality of electrodes and a voltage supply arrangement for supplying at least two potentials to the electrode arrangement;wherein the field generator is configured to induce an electro-optic effect by the generated electrical field in a first cross sectional region of the core layer such that a propagation of transverse-electric polarized light waves is enabled in the first cross sectional region;wherein the field generator is configured to induce an electro-optic effect by the generated electrical field in a second cross sectional region of the core layer such that a propagation of transverse-magnetic polarized light waves is enabled in the second cross sectional region;wherein the field generator is configured in such way that the coupling efficiency for of transverse-electric polarized light waves and the coupling efficiency for transverse-magnetic polarized light waves are equivalent; andwherein the first cross sectional region and the second cross sectional region are overlapping in a cross sectional view.2. The electro-optically induced waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein field generator is configured in such way that in a cross sectional view the electrical field in a first cross sectional area of the core layer is orientated transverse to the waveguide layer stack claim 1 , that the electrical field in a second cross sectional area of the core layer located in a first direction parallel to the waveguide layer stacks is orientated along the waveguide layer stack and that the electrical field in a third cross sectional area of the core layer located in a second direction ...

Contentionless NxM Wavelength Cross Connect

Technology for a contentionless N×M wavelength cross connect (WXC) device is disclosed herein. The WXC device includes multiple input and output wavelength dispersive elements and a cross connect assembly. The cross connect assembly includes multiple rows of incoming ports. For each individual wavelength of different wavelengths, split optical beams of the individual wavelength from the input wavelength dispersive elements reach a row of incoming ports corresponding to the individual wavelength. The cross connect assembly further includes transmissive active switching elements and multiple rows of outgoing ports. The transmissive active switching elements configured to dynamically establish at least one optical path between an incoming port within the row of incoming ports corresponding to the individual wavelength and an outgoing port within a row of output ports corresponding to the individual wavelength. 1. A method for realizing functionalities of a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) using a wavelength cross connect (WXC) device:receiving an input optical beam at one of input ports of the WXC device;splitting the input optical beam into at least one express optical beam and at least one dropped optical beam;splitting the dropped optical beam into dropped optical signals at different wavelengths and outputting some of the dropped optical signals from some of output ports of the WXC device;receiving added optical signals at different wavelengths at some of the input ports of the WXC device and combining the added optical signals to the express optical beam; andoutputting the express optical beam from one of the output ports of the WXC device.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:blocking optical signals at some wavelengths from the express optical beam.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:performing dispersion compensation to the express optical beam.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:imparting an optical gain to the ...

DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY DEVICE

A display panel and a display device are disclosed. The display panel includes a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a waveguide layer, a grating layer, a quantum dot color filter layer, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to adjust a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer by changing voltages applied thereto; wherein a coupling efficiency at which light is coupled out of the waveguide layer is determined according to a difference between the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer and a refractive index of the grating layer. 113-. (canceled)14. A display panel , comprising a first substrate , a liquid crystal layer , a waveguide layer , a grating layer , a quantum dot color filter layer , a first electrode and a second electrode , wherein the liquid crystal layer , the grating layer , the quantum dot color filter layer , the first electrode and the second electrode are located between the waveguide layer and the first substrate , and the grating layer is located on a side of the waveguide layer proximal to the liquid crystal layer;the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to adjust a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer by changing voltages applied thereto; anda coupling efficiency at which light is coupled out of the waveguide layer is determined according to a difference between the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer and a refractive index of the grating layer.15. The display panel of claim 14 , wherein the second electrode and the first electrode are located on one side of the liquid crystal layer.16. The display panel of claim 14 , wherein the second electrode and the first electrode are located on different sides of the liquid crystal layer.17. The display panel of claim 14 , wherein the refractive index of the grating layer ranges from an ordinary refractive index nof the liquid crystal layer to an extraordinary refractive index nof ...

Fresnel liquid crystal lens panel, manufacturing method thereof and 3d display

There is disclosed a Fresnel liquid crystal lens panel for a naked eye three-dimensional display, a manufacturing method thereof, and a 3D display using the same. The Fresnel liquid crystal lens panel comprises: a Fresnel liquid crystal lens panel for a naked eye three-dimensional display, comprising: a first substrate comprising a first transparent substrate and a first electrode; a second substrate comprising a second transparent substrate and a plurality of second electrodes; a liquid crystal layer divided into a plurality of lens regions to form a Fresnel liquid crystal lens; and a plurality of insulating barrier blocks being located at an inner side of the second substrate and arranged between two adjacent side lobes of the Fresnel liquid crystal lens. Since the adjacent side lobes are partitioned by means of the insulating barrier block at the boundary therebetween, the crosstalk within the lens region is reduced.

Light Modulation Device

The present application relates to a light modulation device and a use thereof. The present application can provide a light modulation device having both excellent mechanical properties and optical properties by applying a polymer film that is also optically anisotropic and mechanically anisotropic to a substrate.

AUGMENTED REALITY DISPLAY HAVING MULTI-ELEMENT ADAPTIVE LENS FOR CHANGING DEPTH PLANES

In some embodiments, an augmented reality system includes at least one waveguide that is configured to receive and redirect light toward a user, and is further configured to allow ambient light from an environment of the user to pass therethrough toward the user. The augmented reality system also includes a first adaptive lens assembly positioned between the at least one waveguide and the environment, a second adaptive lens assembly positioned between the at least one waveguide and the user, and at least one processor operatively coupled to the first and second adaptive lens assemblies. Each lens assembly of the augmented reality system is selectively switchable between at least two different states in which the respective lens assembly is configured to impart at least two different optical powers to light passing therethrough, respectively. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first and second adaptive lens assemblies to synchronously switch between different states in a manner such that the first and second adaptive lens assemblies impart a substantially constant net optical power to ambient light from the environment passing therethrough. 1. An augmented reality system comprising:at least one waveguide that is configured to receive and redirect light toward a user, wherein the at least one waveguide is further configured to allow ambient light from an environment of the user to pass therethrough toward the user; a state in which the first adaptive lens assembly is configured to impart a first optical power to light passing therethrough; and', 'at least one other state in which the first adaptive lens assembly is configured to impart optical power different from the first optical power to light passing therethrough;, 'a first adaptive lens assembly positioned between the at least one waveguide and the environment, wherein the first adaptive lens assembly is selectively switchable between a state in which the second adaptive lens assembly is ...

LCWG STEERED LASER TRANSMITTER AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SENSOR WITH WAVELENGTH CONVERSION

A steerable laser transmitter and situational awareness sensor uses a liquid crystal waveguide (LCWG) to steer a spot-beam onto a conical mirror, which in turn redirects the spot-beam to scan a FOV. The spot-beam passes through one or more annular sections of non-linearly material (NLM) formed along the axis and around the conical mirror. Each NLM section converts the wavelength of the spot-beam to a different wavelength while preserving the steering of the spot-beam. The LCWG may shape or move the spot-beam along the axis of the conic mirror to sequentially, time or time and spatially multiplex the spot-beam between the original and different wavelengths. This provides multispectral capability from a single laser source. The transmitter also supports steering the spot-beam at a wavelength at which the LCWG cannot steer directly. 1. A laser device , comprising:a laser configured to generate a collimated spot-beam at an input wavelength along an optical axis;a liquid crystal waveguide (LCWG) along the optical axis responsive to command signals to steer the collimated spot-beam at the input wavelength in two-dimensions about the optical axis;a controller configured to issue command signals to the LCWG to steer the collimated spot-beam;a fixed mirror including a first conic section oriented along the optical axis that redirects the collimated spot-beam to scan a two-dimensional field-of-view (FOV); anda first annular cylindrical shaped optical element with a first optical non-linear material oriented along an axis coincident with the optical axis, said redirected collimated spot-beam passing through the first optical non-linear material to convert the input wavelength to a different first output wavelength while preserving the steering of the collimated spot-beam over the FOV.2. The laser device of claim 1 , further comprising:a detector configured to sense a reflected component of the collimated spot-beam at the output wavelength.3. The laser device of claim 1 , ...

SOLID STATE LIDAR CIRCUIT

A solid state photonics circuit having a liquid crystal (LC) layer for beam steering. The LC layer can provide tuning of an array of waveguides by controlling the application of voltage to the liquid crystal. The application of voltage to the liquid crystal can be controlled to perform beam steering with the light signal based on different tuning in each of the waveguides of the array. The waveguides are disposed in a substrate having an oxide or other insulating layer with an opening. The opening in the oxide layer exposes a portion of a path of the array of waveguides. The waveguides are exposed to the liquid crystal through the oxide opening, which allows the voltage changes to the liquid crystal to tune the optical signals in the waveguides. 1. A circuit device comprising:an array of waveguides in a substrate coupled to a splitter that splits source light into the array of waveguides;an insulating layer on the substrate, the insulating layer having an opening to expose a portion of a path of the array of waveguides; anda liquid crystal layer on the insulating layer and on the portion of the path of the array of waveguides exposed by the opening in the insulating layer, wherein application of voltage to the liquid crystal changes relative phase of all waveguides in the array of waveguides exposed by the opening in the insulating layer.2. The circuit device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a silicon substrate.3. The circuit device of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer comprises an oxide layer.4. The circuit device of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) layer.5. The circuit device of claim 1 , wherein the opening comprises a triangular shaped opening across the array of waveguides claim 1 , where the triangular shaped opening has its apex nearest one waveguide claim 1 , and the triangular shape exposes more of each subsequently adjacent waveguide to provide an increasing phase shift across the ...

NON-MECHANICAL BEAM STEERING TRACKING SYSTEM

A non-mechanical optical beam steering device includes one or more polarization gratings (PG) coupled to one or more Steerable Electro-Evanescent Optical Refractors (SEEOR). It provides the coarse steering advantage of the PG and also the continuous fine steering advantage of the SEEOR. The result is far less complexity, size, weight, and cost over the alternative non-mechanical beam steering approaches as well as considerably less complexity, size, weight, cost, scanning-time, and mechanical breakdown over the more traditional gimbaled mirrors commonly used. 1. A non-mechanical optical beam steering device , comprising: one or more polarization gratings (PG) coupled to one or more Steerable Electro-Evanescent Optical Refractors (SEEOR).2. The device in claim 1 , where a single or multiple laser line(s) passes through the device in either direction.3. The device in claim 1 , where a broad waveband of unspecified optical width passes through the device in either direction.4. The device in when used as a laser or optical transmitter.5. The device in when used as a two-way laser or optical transceiver.6. The device in when used as a laser or optical receiver.7. A method for non-mechanical optical beam steering claim 1 , comprising:providing a steerable electro-evanescent optical refractor (SEEOR);coupling the SEEOR to polarization gratings; andusing the SEEOR coupled with the polarization gratings for non-mechanical beam steering.8. A method for non-mechanical optical imager claim 1 , comprising:providing a steerable electro-evanescent optical refractor (SEEOR);coupling the SEEOR to polarization gratings; and using the SEEOR coupled with the polarization gratings for non-mechanical beam steering.9. A method for non-mechanical optical transceiver claim 1 , comprising:providing a steerable electro-evanescent optical refractor (SEEOR);coupling the SEEOR to polarization gratings; andusing the SEEOR coupled with the polarization gratings for non-mechanical beam steering ...

RING AMPLIFIER FOR EXTENDED RANGE STEERABLE LASER TRANSMITTER AND ACTIVE SENSOR

A ring amplifier amplifies one or more spot-beams that scan a circular pattern in a two-dimensional FOV to extend the range of range steerable laser transmitter or an active situational sensor. Mechanical, solid-state or optical phase array techniques may be used to scan the spot-beam(s) in the circular pattern. Mirrors are preferably positioned to redirect the spot-beams to enter and exit the ring amplifier through sidewalls to amplify the spot-beam and return it along a path to scan the circular pattern. For efficiency, the pumps and thermal control may be synchronized to the circular scan pattern to only pump and cool the section of gain medium in which the spot-beam is currently scanned and the next section of gain medium in the circular scan pattern. 1. A laser device , comprising:one or more lasers configured to generate one or more collimated spot-beams;one or more beam steerers responsive to command signals to steer the one or more collimated spot-beams to scan a circular pattern in a two-dimensional field-of-view (FOV); anda ring amplifier comprising one or more pumps configured to pump a gain medium in the form of a ring, said ring amplifier configured such that said one or more collimated spot-beams pass through the gain medium one or more times to amplify the one or more collimated spot beams while preserving the steering of the one or more collimated spot-beams over the FOV.2. The laser device of claim 1 , wherein said one or more lasers and said one or more beam steerers comprise:a laser configured to generate a collimated spot-beam along an optical axis;a liquid crystal waveguide (LCWG) along the optical axis responsive to command signals to steer the collimated spot-beam in two-dimensions about the optical axis; anda fixed mirror having a conic section oriented along the optical axis that redirects the collimated spot-beam away from the optical axis to scan the circular pattern in the two-dimensional FOV.3. The laser device of claim 1 , wherein said ...

Display Panel and Display Device

A display panel and a display device are disclosed and belong to the field of display technology. The display panel comprises a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer, a first electrode, as second electrode, a waveguide layer and a grating layer between the first and second substrates; wherein the waveguide layer is on a side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the first substrate; and the grating layer is in contact with the liquid crystal layer; the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to adjust a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer by changing voltages applied thereto; and a coupling efficiency at which light is coupled out of the waveguide layer is determined according to a difference between a refractive index of the grating layer and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer. 1. A display panel , comprising a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other , and a liquid crystal layer , a first electrode , as second electrode , a waveguide layer and a grating layer that are between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein ,the waveguide layer is on a side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the first substrate; and the grating layer is in contact with the liquid crystal layer;the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to adjust a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer by changing voltages applied thereto; anda coupling efficiency at which light is coupled out of the waveguide layer is determined according to a difference between a refractive index of the grating layer and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer.2. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the grating layer is on a side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the first substrate.3. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the grating layer is on a side of the liquid crystal layer proximal to the second substrate.4. The display panel of claim 1 , ...

WAVEGUIDE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A liquid crystal display is configured such that a composite layer thereof is transparent to incident light in one voltage condition (e.g., in the absence of an applied voltage) and scatters incident light out of the display in another voltage condition (e.g., when a voltage is applied). The liquid crystal display does not need polarizers or color filters. 1. A liquid crystal display comprising in sequence:a first transparent electrode;a first alignment layer;a composite layer comprising a liquid crystal and a polymer; a second alignment layer; anda second transparent electrode; andfurther comprising at least one light source;wherein when no voltage is applied the composite layer is transparent and the display acts as a waveguide plane through which incident light propagates;wherein when a voltage is applied the composite layer scatters incident light out of the display; andwherein the liquid crystal display does not comprise at least one of polarizers; and color filters.2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , further comprising:an absorbing film on a side of the second transparent electrode opposite the second alignment layer.3. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode comprise indium tin oxide.4. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal has a positive dielectric anisotropy.5. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal has a negative dielectric anisotropy.6. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal is tilted toward a cell normal direction when the voltage is applied.7. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal is tilted parallel to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode when the voltage is applied.8. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein the at least one light source comprises a light-emitting diode.9. The liquid crystal display of claim 1 , wherein ...

Optical device

An optical device comprising first and second optical elements. The first optical element has: a first liquid crystal element; a first transmissive member formed on the first liquid crystal element and having a light incident surface on which external incident light is incident and a first light-outputting surface through which light reflected by the first liquid crystal element is outputted; and a second transmissive member having a second light-outputting surface through which transmitted light having been transmitted through the first liquid crystal element is outputted. The second optical element has: a second liquid crystal element; and a third transmissive member formed on the second liquid crystal element and joined to the first light-outputting surface.

Optical waveguide beam splitter with polarization volume gratings for display

An optical device for providing illumination light includes an optical waveguide and a plurality of polarization selective elements. The plurality of polarization selective elements is disposed adjacent to the optical waveguide so that a respective polarization selective element receives light in a first direction, and redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. A second portion, distinct from the first portion, of the light undergoes total internal reflection, thereby continuing to propagate inside the optical waveguide.

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE BEAM SPLITTER WITH EXTRACTION FEATURES FOR DISPLAY

An optical device includes a spatial light modulator and an optical waveguide with a plurality of extraction features. The plurality of extraction features is positioned relative to the optical waveguide so that a respective extraction feature receives light, having propagated within the optical waveguide, in a first direction and directs a first portion of the light in a second direction distinct from the first direction to exit the optical waveguide and illuminate at least a portion of the spatial light modulator. The plurality of extraction features is also positioned relative to the optical waveguide so that a respective extraction feature directs a second portion, distinct from the first portion, of the light to undergo total internal reflection, thereby continuing to propagate within the optical waveguide. 1. An optical device , comprising:a spatial light modulator; and receives light, having propagated within the optical waveguide, in a first direction; and', 'directs a first portion of the light in a second direction distinct from the first direction to exit the optical waveguide and illuminate at least a portion of the spatial light modulator and direct a second portion, distinct from the first portion, of the light to undergo total internal reflection, thereby continuing to propagate within the optical waveguide., 'an optical waveguide with a plurality of extraction features positioned relative to the optical waveguide so that a respective extraction feature2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:the respective extraction feature is selected from a group consisting of a surface relief grating, a holographic optical element, a volume Bragg grating, or a Fresnel prism.3. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:the plurality of extraction features is embedded inside the optical waveguide.4. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:the plurality of extraction features is disposed adjacent to a surface of the optical waveguide.5. The optical device of claim 1 ...

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE BEAM SPLITTER FOR DIRECTIONAL ILLUMINATION OF DISPLAY

An optical device includes a light source configured to provide illumination light and a waveguide. The waveguide has an input surface, an output surface distinct from and non-parallel to the input surface, and an output coupler. The waveguide is configured to receive, at the input surface, the illumination light provided by the light source and propagate the illumination light via total internal reflection. The waveguide is also configured to redirect, by the output coupler, the illumination light so that the illumination light is output from the output surface for illuminating a spatial light modulator. 1. An optical device , comprising:a light source configured to provide illumination light; and an input surface;', 'an output surface distinct from and non-parallel to the input surface; and', receive, at the input surface, the illumination light provided by the light source;', 'propagate the illumination light via total internal reflection; and', 'redirect, by the output coupler, the illumination light so that the illumination light is output from the output surface for illuminating a spatial light modulator., 'an output coupler, wherein the waveguide is configured to], 'a waveguide having2. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising: receive the illumination light output from the output surface of the waveguide;', 'modulate an amplitude or phase of at least a portion of the illumination light; and', 'output modulated light., 'the spatial light modulator positioned to3. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising:a reflective polarizer disposed on a first side of the waveguide and configured to transmit light having a first polarization and reflect light having a second polarization different from the first polarization;a reflector disposed on a second side of the waveguide, that is opposite to the first side of the waveguide, to receive the light reflected by the reflective polarizer and reflect the received light toward the reflective polarizer; ...

DISPLAY DEVICE AND DISPLAY METHOD THEREOF

A display device and a display method thereof are provided. The display device includes: a first base substrate () and a second base substrate () which are arranged oppositely and a liquid crystal layer () between the first base substrate () and the second base substrate (), the display device further includes: a waveguide grating () between the liquid crystal layer () and the first base substrate (), the waveguide grating () including a waveguide layer () and a grating layer () on one side of the waveguide layer () facing the liquid crystal layer (), and the grating layer () being in contact with the liquid crystal layer (); and a collimation light source () on a lateral surface of the waveguide layer (), light emitted by the collimation light source () being coupled into the waveguide layer () and output from the grating layer (). The display device can regulate an amount of the light output from the waveguide grating by controlling changes of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer so as to implement gray scale display. 1. A display device , comprising:a first base substrate and a second base substrate which are arranged oppositely;a liquid crystal layer between the first base substrate and the second base substrate;a waveguide grating between the liquid crystal layer and the first base substrate, the waveguide grating comprising a waveguide layer and a grating layer on a side of the waveguide layer which faces the liquid crystal layer; anda collimation light source on a lateral surface of the waveguide layer, light emitted by the collimation light source being coupled into the waveguide layer and output from the grating layer;a pixel electrode and a common electrode, wherein the pixel electrode and the common electrode are between the liquid crystal layer and the first base substrate, both the pixel electrode and the common electrode are configured for being supplied with voltages to regulate a difference between a refractive index of the liquid crystal ...

Light Modulation Device

The present application relates to a light modulation device and a use thereof. The present application can provide a light modulation device having both excellent mechanical properties and optical properties by applying a polymer film that is also optically anisotropic and mechanically anisotropic to a substrate. 1. A light modulation device comprising:a first polymer film substrate and second polymer film substrate disposed opposite to each other, andan active liquid crystal film layer having an active liquid crystal layer which is disposed between the first polymer film substrate and the second polymer film substrate,wherein the active liquid crystal film layer contains a liquid crystal host and a dichroic dye guest,wherein the active liquid crystal layer is configured to switch between a horizontal orientation state and a vertical orientation state,each of the first polymer film substrate and the second polymer film substrate has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm,each of the polymer film substrates has a ratio (E1/E2) of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, andthe first polymer film substrate and the second polymer film substrate are disposed so that an angle formed by the first direction of the first polymer film substrate and the first direction of the second polymer film substrate is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.2. The light modulation device according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first polymer film substrate and second polymer film substrate is an electrode film substrate in which an electrode layer is formed on one side claim 1 , and the first polymer substrate and second polymer film substrates are disposed so that the electrode layers of the first polymer substrate and the electrode layer of the second polymer substrate face each other.3. The light modulation device according to claim 1 , wherein ...

OPTICAL DEVICE AND PHOTODETECTION SYSTEM

An optical device includes: two non-waveguide regions arranged in a second direction intersecting a first direction with a spacing therebetween; an optical waveguide region that is located between the two non-waveguide regions, contains a liquid crystal material, and propagates light in the first direction; and an alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal material. Each of the two non-waveguide regions includes a low-refractive index member having a lower refractive index than the liquid crystal material. The alignment film is located between the liquid crystal material and the low-refractive index members. 1. An optical device comprising:two non-waveguide regions arranged in a second direction intersecting a first direction with a spacing therebetween;an optical waveguide region that is located between the two non-waveguide regions, contains a liquid crystal material having an average refractive index higher than the average refractive index of the non-waveguide regions, and propagates light in the first direction; andan alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal material,wherein each of the two non-waveguide regions includes a low-refractive index member having a lower refractive index than the liquid crystal material, andwherein the alignment film is located between the liquid crystal material and the low-refractive index members.2. The optical device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a first mirror having a first reflecting surface extending in the first direction and the second direction; anda second mirror having a second reflecting surface facing the first reflecting surface,wherein the optical waveguide region is located between the first mirror and the second mirror and between the two non-waveguide regions,wherein the alignment film is located between the optical waveguide region and at least one of the first and second reflecting surfaces and between the liquid crystal material and the low-refractive index members,wherein the transmittance ...

Method and apparatus for contact image sensing

A contact image sensor having a waveguiding structure for propagating light in a first direction including, in series, a first clad medium, a first core, a switchable grating clad, a second core, and a second clad medium sandwiched by transparent substrates, patterned parallel electrode elements orthogonally traversing the waveguides, a light source, a platen and a detector. Switchable grating regions overlapped by a first voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light from the first core towards the platen. Switchable grating region overlapped by a second voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light reflected from the platen into a TIR path within the second core.

真空布拉格光栅和制造方法

本文中描述了用于波导中的光栅和产生光栅的方法的改进。与常规SRG和布拉格(Bragg)光栅相比，深表面起伏光栅(SRG)可提供许多优点，重要的一个优点为较高的S衍射效率。在一个实施例中，深SRG可实施为聚合物表面起伏光栅或真空布拉格光栅(EBG)。可通过首先记录全息聚合物分散液晶(HPDLC)光栅来形成EBG。从经固化光栅去除液晶提供聚合物表面起伏光栅。聚合物表面起伏光栅具有许多应用，包括用于基于波导的显示器中。

Optical switching apparatus

A light direction switching apparatus and method is described. The light direction switching apparatus comprises a passive birefringent lens (138), e.g. a birefringent lenticular screen, and a switchable polariser (146). By switching the polariser (146), different directional distributions of output light are provided. The light direction switching apparatus may be used with or incorporated in a display device, such as a liquid crystal display device, to provide a display device switchable between a two dimensional mode and an autostereoscopic three dimensional mode, or to provide a multi-user display device where different images are displayed to different viewers. The light direction switching apparatus may also be used to provide switchable brightness enhancement of reflective or transflective display devices. The light direction switching apparatus may also be used to provide a fibre-optic switching apparatus. The switchable polariser may be mechanically switchable or electrically switchable.

Evacuated gratings and methods of manufacturing

Improvements to gratings for use in waveguides and methods of producing them are described herein. Deep surface relief gratings (SRGs) may offer many advantages over conventional SRGs and Bragg gratings, an important one being a higher S-diffraction efficiency. In one embodiment, deep SRGs can be implemented as polymer surface relief gratings or evacuated Bragg gratings (EBGs). EBGs can be formed by first recording a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) grating. Removing the liquid crystal from the cured grating provides a polymer surface relief grating. Polymer surface relief gratings have many applications including for use in waveguide-based displays.

Method and apparatus for contact image sensing

A contact image sensor comprises: a waveguiding structure for propagating light in a first direction comprising, in series, a first clad medium, a first core, a switchable grating clad, a second core, and a second clad medium sandwiched by transparent substrates, patterned parallel electrode elements orthogonally traversing the waveguides, a light source, a platen and a detector. Switchable grating regions overlapped by a first voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light from the first core towards the platen. Switchable grating region overlapped by a second voltage-addressed electrode element diffract TIR light reflected from the platen into a TIR path within the second core.

Optical waveguide display system

A thin-panel, large, high-definition television screen employs optical waveguides. Light (32) flows through waveguides (28) arranged, in parallel, across a substrate (64). Light from a source (44) is coupled into the waveguides using a Graded Index (GRIN) microlens array (56). Taps (37) direct light out and make it visible at different locations along the length of the waveguides. Long interaction length (8) taps with reflectors (10) are introduced which enable many waveguides to be staggered and placed side-by-side to maintain high screen resolutions. Polymers, both electro-optic and non-electro-optic, are used in the preferred embodiment as a waveguide building material. However, acousto-optic, thermo-optic (86) and magneto-optic effects may also be used with other materials such as glass and silicon dioxide. This display can be economically produced by forming a flexible waveguide ribbon (62) which integrates multiple waveguides (1), intensity modulators (40) and taps (38) into a single unit. Waveguide display manufacturing techniques based on thermo-poling (100), photolocking (114), extrusion (124), and preform fiber-drawing (132) are also presented.

Optical scanning device, display device using the same, and image information input / output device

Switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical elements

Transmission and reflection type holograms may be formed utilizing a novel polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material and its unique switching characteristics to form optical elements. Applications for these switchable holograms include communications switches and switchable transmission, and reflection red, green, and blue lenses. The PDLC material of the present invention offers all of the features of holographic photopolymers with the added advantage that the hologram can be switched on and off with the application of an electric field. The material is a mixture of a polymerizable monomer and liquid crystal, along with other ingredients, including a photoinitiator dye. Upon irradiation, the liquid crystal separates as a distinct phase of nanometer-size droplets aligned in periodic channels forming the hologram. The material is called a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC).

Switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical elements

Optically based planar scanner

Apparatus and methods for providing an optically based planar scanner for generating an image are provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a switchable Bragg grating. An area of the switchable Bragg grating is configured to be activated to direct light to a platen. The platen is configured to reflect the light to a waveguide or to refract the light. The light reflected to the waveguide is guided to a light detector. By activating a number of the areas of the switchable Bragg grating and measuring the intensity of the light with a light detector, an image of an object contacting the platen may be formed.

Display system with optical elements for in-coupling multiplexed light streams

A display system, such as, for example, a wearable virtual reality or augmented reality display system, may include a waveguide which in-couples light with image information and outputs the light to a viewer to form images in the eye of the viewer. Architectures are provided for selectively in-coupling one or more streams of light from a multiplexed light stream into a the waveguide. The multiplexed light stream can have light with different characteristics (e.g., different wavelengths and/or different polarizations). The waveguide can comprise in-coupling elements that can selectively couple one or more streams of light from the multiplexed light stream into the waveguide while transmitting one or more other streams of light from the multiplexed light stream. Advantageously, different light streams with different image information may effectively be routed to the viewer.

光学装置和波导显示装置

本发明公开了一种光学装置，涉及光学技术领域，包括图像源，中继光学系统，光学处理系统，其中，图像源用于显示图像，中继光学系统用于将图像源显示的图像射向光学处理系统，并成像至无穷远处，光学处理系统用于将同一方向的入射光，依次射向至少两个预设方向。本发明中，光学装置可以使用小尺寸图像源，同时降低了中继光学系统设计的难度及复杂程度。

Optical waveguide beam splitter with plural partial extraction features for display

An optical device includes a spatial light modulator and an optical waveguide with a plurality of extraction features. The plurality of extraction features is positioned relative to the optical waveguide so that a respective extraction feature receives light, having propagated within the optical waveguide, in a first direction and directs a first portion of the light in a second direction distinct from the first direction to exit the optical waveguide and illuminate at least a portion of the spatial light modulator. The plurality of extraction features is also positioned relative to the optical waveguide so that a respective extraction feature directs a second portion, distinct from the first portion, of the light to undergo total internal reflection, thereby continuing to propagate within the optical waveguide.

Display device

Optical scanning device an optical scanning type display and an image data input/output device

An optical scanning device comprises a light source for emitting a light, a light guide path being adapted to receive the emitted light and to transmitting the received light therein, a plurality of diffraction gratings disposed on the light guide path for taking out the transmitted light in a form of an array, and a liquid crystal shutter for scanning the taken out light in the form of the array. An optical scanning device comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, a light guide path disposed on the first substrate for entering a light transmitted therein into the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of micro lenses disposed on the second substrate for converging the entered light, wherein, assuming that n CORE is a refraction index of a light guide medium forming the light guide path, that n LCON is a refraction index of a liquid crystal when an electric field is applied (on), and that n LCOFF is a refraction index of the liquid crystal when the electric field is not applied (off), a relation of n LCON >n CORE >n.sub. LCOFF or n LCON <n CORE <n LCOFF is satisfied.

Switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical elements

Transmission and reflection type holograms may be formed utilizing a novel polymer-dispersed liquid crystal 'PDLC' material and its unique switching characteristics to form optical elements. Applications for these switchable holograms include communication switches and switchable transmission, and reflection red, green, and blue lenses. The PDLC material (50) of the present invention offers all of the features of holographic photopolymers with the added advantage that the hologram can be switched on and off with the application of an electric field (24). The material is a mixture of a polymerizable monomer and liquid crystal, along with other ingredients, including a photoinitiator dye. Upon irradiation, the liquid crystal separates as a distinct phase of nanometer-size droplets aligned in periodic channels (230a, 230b) forming the hologram. The material is called a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal 'H-PDLC'.

Display device having optical waveguides and light-emitting units

A display device is provided that includes a display panel having a light-emitting unit for emitting light according to predetermined display data, an elongated optical waveguide unit which guides the light incident from the light-emitting unit and has a core layer and an addressing unit for selecting the light from the light waveguide unit according to the predetermined display data. The core layer is composed of light scattering liquid crystal, and the addressing unit allows the light to be emitted from a predetermined part of the optical waveguide unit by using the light scattering operation of the light scattering liquid crystal.

Optically based planar scanner

Apparatus and methods for providing an optically based planar scanner for generating an image are provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a switchable Bragg grating. An area of the switchable Bragg grating is configured to be activated to direct light to a platen. The platen is configured to reflect the light to a waveguide or to refract the light. The light reflected to the waveguide is guided to a light detector. By activating a number of the areas of the switchable Bragg grating and measuring the intensity of the light with a light detector, an image of an object contacting the platen may be formed.

Switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical elements

Transmission and reflection type holograms may be formed utilizing a novel polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material and its unique switching characteristics to form optical elements. Applications for these switchable holograms include communications switches and switchable transmission, and reflection red, green, and blue lenses. The PDLC material offers all of the features of holographic photopolymers with the added advantage that the hologram can be switched on and off with the application of an electric field. The material is a mixture of a polymerizable monomer and liquid crystal, along with other ingredients, including a photoinitiator dye. Upon irradiation, the liquid crystal separates as a distinct phase of nanometer-size droplets aligned in periodic channels forming the hologram. The material is called a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC).

Switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical elements

Transmission and reflection type holograms may be formed utilizing a novel polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material and its unique switching characteristics to form optical elements. Applications for these switchable holograms include communications switches and switchable transmission, and reflection red, green, and blue lenses. The PDLC material of the present invention offers all of the features of holographic photopolymers with the added advantage that the hologram can be switched on and off with the application of an electric field. The material is a mixture of a polymerizable monomer and liquid crystal, along with other ingredients, including a photoinitiator dye. Upon irradiation, the liquid crystal separates as a distinct phase of nanometer-size droplets aligned in periodic channels forming the hologram. The material is called a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC).

Switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical elements

Transmission and reflection type holograms may be formed utilizing a novel polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material and its unique switching characteristics to form optical elements. Applications for these switchable holograms include communications switches and switchable transmission, and reflection red, green, and blue lenses. The PDLC material of the present invention offers all of the features of holographic photopolymers with the added advantage that the hologram can be switched on and off with the application of an electric field. The material is a mixture of a polymerizable monomer and liquid crystal, along with other ingredients, including a photoinitiator dye. Upon irradiation, the liquid crystal separates as a distinct phase of nanometer-size droplets aligned in periodic channels forming the hologram. The material is called a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC).