Improvements in or relating to light modulators

... 868,275. Light modulating devices. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd. Sept. 18, 1959, No. 31864/59. Class 40(3) [Also in Group XXXVI] A light-modulating device, which makes use of the variation of the reflection coefficient of the surface of a semi-conductor body with the number of free charge carriers contained therein, comprises an assembly of semi-conductor material arranged to present a surface made up of regions 6, 7, 8 of N-type material and regions 2, 3, 4 of P-type material, means being provided to apply between ohmic contacts 10 and 11 a reverse bias sufficient to cause an appreciable proportion of the surface to be occupied by depletion regions and an alternating signal whereby the depletion regions may be varied to cause a corresponding variation of visible or infra-red light reflected from the surface. Maximum depth of modulation is produced if the whole of the surface is covered by depletion regions. To approach this ideal, strips 2-4 and 6-8 are each made 1 thousandth of an ...

PICTURE INDICATOR WITH COLOR FILTERING AND ABSORBING OF INTERNAL TOTAL REFLEXION

ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES, ELECTROOPTICAL THIN CRYSTAL FILMS AND METHODS MAKING SAME

VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

A variably reflective display device amenable to mutiple pixel display applications. Each pixel has at least one element (10) having a reflective state in which incident light undergoes total internal reflection, and havin g a non-reflective state in which total internal reflection is prevented. Such prevention is achieved by interfering with (scattering and/or absorbing) the evanescent wave adjacent the surface of the element. For example, a member (18) can be positioned adjacent the element and deformed between first and second positions. In the first position a gap (20) remains between the membe r and the elememt to allow the evanescent wave to behave normally. In the seco nd position the member is in optical (but not atomic) contact with the element, such that the member interferes with the evanescent wave and thereby prevent s total internal reflection. In one embodiment, each pixel is a grouping of retro-reflective elements (12A, 12B, 12C...) such as corner reflectors. An elastomeric ...

Image display apparatus

An image display apparatus (1000) is provided to improve display characteristics, the apparatus including a prism (300) and a pixel section (400) on one side of the prism (300). The pixel section (400) includes a reflective electrode (410) and dielectrics (420) disposed at a predetermined distance from the reflective electrode (410). The dielectrics (420) are in contact with the reflective electrode (410) if voltage is applied, and the effective refractive index changes according to the image signal. The effective refractive index of the section of the reflective electrode (410) in contact with the dielectrics (420) changes, and accordingly, the reflectivity of the reflective electrode (410) changes corresponding to the image signal. The pixel section (400) is able to regulate the surface plasmon resonance by regulating the reflective electrode (410), and is able to display the black state using the surface plasmon resonance. The image display apparatus (1000) provides improved contrast ratio by preventing color leaks from arising in the black state, and thus, improve display characteristics.

ДВУХЧАСТИЧНЫЙ ГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСПЛЕЙ С ПОЛНЫМ ВНУТРЕННИМ ОТРАЖЕНИЕМ

ENHANCED EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

A display for viewing images in a preferred direction (26). Parallel, macroscopically planar, structured surface, non-light absorptive light deflecting and reflecting portions are longitudinally symmetrical in mutually perpendicular directions (24, 20) which are perpendicular to direction (26). A liquid (28) containing members (34) contacts the reflecting portion. A controller (56) applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the members into an evanescent wave region adjacent the reflecting portion, frustrating TIR at selected points on the reflecting portion. The deflecting portion's structured surfaces deflect (42) light rays incident (40) in direction (26) toward the reflecting portion by imparting to the rays a directional component in the reflecting portion's direction of longitudinal symmetry. The reflecting portion's structured surfaces totally internally reflect (44, 48) the deflected rays toward the deflecting portion wherever TIR is not frustrated. The deflecting portion's structured surfaces deflect (50) the TIR'd rays, cancelling the directional component, such that the deflected TIR'd rays emerge (51) substantially parallel to direction (26).

OPERATIVE REFLECTION/ABSORPTION PLATE AND DISPLAY ELEMENT USING SAME

Provided is a display element which can exhibit an absorbing status and a reflecting status without using a polarizing plate and has bright and high contrast by using an operative reflection/absorption plate characterized in including a substrate having a moth eye structure on the surface.

ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES, ELECTROOPTICAL THIN CRYSTAL FILMS AND METHODS MAKING SAME

An electrooptical device is provided comprising at least one substrate(1), at least one pair of electrodes(2) and at least one layer of an electrooptical material. The electrooptical material represents an optically anisotropic thin crystal film(3) and contains molecules having aromatic rings and possessing a lattice with an interplanar spacing (Bragg's reflection) of 3.4 ± 0.2 Å along one of optical axes. The electrooptical material(3) has anisotropic refractive indices and/or anisotropic absorption coefficients that are depended on an electric field strength.

Integrierter optischer Phasenmodulator für ein faseroptisches Interferometer und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines integrierten optischen Phasenmodulators für ein faseroptisches Interferometer

Ein integrierter optischer Phasenmodulator (110) für ein faseroptisches Interferometer weist ein Substrat (112) und einen optischen Wellenleiter (114) auf, der in das Substrat (112) integriert ist, wobei mindestens eine Außenfläche (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) des Substrats (112) so verändert ist, dass Licht, das sich im Substrat (112) ausbreitet, in vermindertem Maß an der mindestens einen Außenfläche (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) des Substrats (112) reflektiert wird im Vergleich zu an einer nicht veränderten Außenfläche des Substrats. Bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines integrierten optischen Phasenmodulators (110) für ein faseroptisches Interferometer, der ein Substrat (112) aufweist, in das ein optischer Wellenleiter (114) integriert ist, wird mindestens eine Außenfläche (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) des Substrats (112) so verändert, dass Licht, das sich im Substrat (112) ausbreitet, in vermindertem Maß an der mindestens einen Außenfläche (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) des ...

Electrophoretic, high index and phase transition control of total internal reflection in high efficiency variable reflectivity image displays

Reflective display and method for manufacturing such a display

Optical device and display apparatus

An optical device and a display apparatus of the present invention are constructed so as to improve display characteristics of output light intensity, display contrast, and reduction of scattered light due to external light, and also to provide a large-screen. The optical device has a first stacked body and a plurality of second stacked bodies. The first stacked body includes a light guide, a fist electrode, and an optical control layer. The second stacked body includes a plurality of second electrodes, the reflection film and a substrate. A plurality of third electrodes are provided through the substrate. Each of the third electrode has a first end part connecting to the second electrode and a second end part exposed to the other side of the substrate. A further light absorption film may be disposed between the reflection film and the second electrode.

Optical device and display apparatus

An optical device characterized by comprising a light transmissive plate-shaped light guide (154) for guiding light incident from an end surface, an optical control layer (150) provided on a lower surface of said plate-shaped light guide through a transparent electrode (151) provided as a first electrode, a reflection film (152) provided on a lower surface of said optical control layer, a second electrode (153) provided on a lower surface of said reflection film, and a substrate (155) provided on a lower surface of said second electrode, wherein said optical control layer changes in scattering degree or diffraction efficiency by an electric field applied by said first electrode and said second electrode.

Управл емое электрооптическое устройство, способ его изготовлени и электрооптический анизотропный пленочный кристалл

КО Е$ А 2001131068 КО РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (13) ВИ’ 2001 131 068” А 6 МК’ 6 02Е 1/061 12 ИЗВЕЩЕНИЯ К ЗАЯВКЕ НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21), (22) Заявка: 2001131068/28 , 19.11.2001 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.08.2003 Адрес для переписки: 113455, Москва, а/я 24, ООО "Оптива-Технология" (71) Заявитель(и): ООО "Оптива-Технология" (72) Автор(ы): Лазарев Павел Иванович, Паукшто Михаил Витольдович, Сулимов Владимир Борисович (54) Управляемое электрооптическое устройство, способ его изготовления и электрооптический анизотропны й пленочный кристалл (903) ГАЭА - Признание заявок на изобретение отозванными в связи с непредставлением в установленный срок дополнительных материалов или запрашиваемых документов (51) С02Е Дата отзыва заявки: 03.01.2005 Извещение опубликовано: 27.07.2005 БИ: 21/2005 па 890$ 00сС У

IONIC ELECTROPHORESIS IN TIR-MODULATED REFLECTIVE IMAGE DISPLAYS

Reflective display and method for manufacturing such a display

The invention relates to a reflective display comprising a substrate and a reflective layer arranged to reflect incident light passing through the substrate, wherein the substrate is structured so as to form a plurality of funnel-shaped protrusions with reflective walls, the protrusions being oriented with a top end facing towards the reflective layer and a base end facing away from the reflective layer. According to this design, light that is reflected at sufficiently large reflection angles will experience one or more reflections by the protrusion walls. At each reflection the angle of propagation of the light traveling through the substrate is decreased by twice the angle between the wall and the normal of the reflective layer.

COLOR FILTERING AND ABSORBING TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

A display with at least two prism structure types. Type 1 includes prism 16A, color filter FY associated with one prism facet, and control members CC, CM, each biasable with respect to one of the prism's other two facets. Filter FY and members CC, CM have first, second and third spectral absorption characteristics. Type 2 includes prism 16B, color filter FB associated with one of that prism's facets and control member CK1 biasable with respect to one of that prism's other two facets. Filter FB and member CK1 have fourth and fifth absorption characteristics. For any selected set of proximate ones of each prism type, controlled movement of the members between selected combinations of positions causes the whole set to reflect light whose average spectral reflectance corresponds to one of three independent colors, none of which is obtainable by mixing any other two.

BENT ELECTRO-ABSORPTION MODULATOR

The present invention relates to a method and a device for modulating optical signals based on modulating bending losses in bend, quantum well semiconductor waveguide sections. The complex refractive index of the optical active semiconducting components of the waveguide section is modulated by applying a variable electric or electronmagnetic field. The modulation of the complex refractive index results in a modulation of the refractive index contrast and the absorption coefficient for the waveguide at the frequency of the light. By carefully adjusting the composition of the semiconducting components and the applied electric field in relation to the frequency of the modulated radiation, the bending losses (and possibly coupling losses) will provide extinction of light guided by the bent waveguide section. The refractive index contract may be modulated while keeping the absorption coefficient substantially constant and small, whereby the guided light can be modulated only by bending losses ...

Electrooptical devices, electrooptical thin crystal films and methods making same

An electrooptical device is provided comprising at least one substrate, at least one pair of electrodes and at least one layer of an electrooptical material. The electrooptical material represents an optically anisotropic thin crystal film and contains molecules having aromatic rings and possessing a lattice with an interplanar spacing (Bragg's reflection) of 3.4±0.2 {acute over (Å along one of optical axes. The electrooptical material has anisotropic refractive indices and/or anisotropic absorption coefficients that are depended on an electric field strength.

BILDANZEIGEVORRICHTUNG MIT INNERER TOTALREFLEXION UND ERHÖHTEM EFFEKTIVEN BRECHUNGSINDEX

Display device

A display comprises a permanently reflective layer 3 and a switchable layer 4 which may be switched between a reflective and a transmissive condition. The system is illuminated by one or more light emitters positioned behind the layers. Polarised radiation 1a from the emitters undergoes multiple reflections between the layers 3 and 4 until such time as it arrives at a position in the switchable layer 4 which has been set to the transmissive state or a gap in the reflective layer 3. Preferably the incident light is circularly polarised, the permanently reflective layer is cholesteric and the switchable layer a cholesteric liquid crystal.

Enhanced effective refractive index total internal reflection image display

ELECTROPHORETIC IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

PHA 20 910 c 18 ABSTRCT: A light transmissive electrophoretic image display device is provided, which device comprises a light transmissive first panel element and a light transmissive second panel element. A light transmissive first electrode and a light transmissive second electrode are disposed on the opposing surfaces of the first and second panel element respectively. A light transmissive fluid containing colloidal particles having a charge of one polarity is held between the plate elements. The refractive indices of the fluid and the particles differ from each other and the second panel element has a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the fluid. Illumination received in the second panel element is totally internally reflected at the regions free of particles and illumination is coupled into the device at the regions where particles are present. The device can also be used in a reflective mode in order to provide projection of the image formed by the device to a ...

IMAGE DISPLAYS BASED ON FRUSTRATED TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

A display device and method in which electrophoresis and/or dual prismatic surfaces are used to controllably frustrate total internal reflection at an interface between materials having different refractive indices. In one embodiment, an array of solid dielectric light fibres (20A, 20B, 20C) is surrounded by an electrophoretic medium (26) such as acetonitrile. In the absence of electrophoretic activity, the fibres totally internally reflect light which passes into the fibres, and a reflector (22) returns the light for diffuse emission through the fibres ends (24). If the fibres are subjected to electrophoretic activity their TIR capability is frustrated. A second embodiment redirects light through two prismatic surfaces (30, 32) in a manner which permits the TIR phenomenon to occur and to be controlled at a flat surface (38). A third embodiment uses both electrophoresis and dual prismatic surfaces (52, 54) to achieve gapless control of the TIR phenomenon at a flat surface (58).

ELECTROPHORETIC, HIGH INDEX, OR PHASE TRANSITION CONTROL OF TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IN HIGH EFFICIENCY VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAYS

Charged particles (21) suspended in a medium (20) such as FluorinertTM Electronic Liquid are used to electrophoretically control total internal reflection (TIR) at a retro-reflective surface formed on a high refractive index material. Prismatic structures (35, 32, 81) redirect ambient light from an overhead light source toward a display image and then from the image to the region in front of the image, yielding a high contrast reflective display. A transparent planar waveguide (36) front lights the display with sequential flashes of red, blue and green light to generate a full colour display. TIR can also be controlled at retro-reflective surfaces by means of a vapour- liquid phase transition, or by changing the absorption coefficient of a material using electrical, chemical and/or electrochemical methods.

VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

Electrooptical devices, electrooptical thin crystal films and methods making same

A method of fabrication of an electrooptical device comprises depositing a colloid system of anisometric particles onto at least one electrode and/or onto at least one substrate and/or onto at least one layer of an isotropic or anisotropic material to form at least one layer of an electrooptical material, externally aligning the colloid system to form a preferred alignment of the colloid system particles, drying the colloid system, and forming at least one electrode and/or at least one layer of an isotropic or anisotropic material on at least a portion of the layer of the electrooptical material.

ДВУХЧАСТИЧНЫЙ ГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСПЛЕЙ С ПОЛНЫМ ВНУТРЕННИМ ОТРАЖЕНИЕМ

FIELD: image forming devices.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of displays. Totally internally reflective image display comprises front and rear assemblies, a low-refractive medium in the free gap, a number of positively and negatively charged particles dispersed having electrophoretic mobility, dispersed in the low refractive medium. Front assembly has a front plate, a front electrode and a dielectric layer, wherein the front electrode is located between the front plate and the dielectric layer, and the front plate further comprises at least one convex protrusion. Rear assembly forms a free gap with the front assembly, wherein the rear assembly has having a backplane and a rear electrode, and the rear electrode is opposite the dielectric layer.EFFECT: display provides DC balance and compatibility with conventional electronic excitation devices.20 cl, 10 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 676 394 C2 (51) МПК G02F 1/167 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК G02F 1/167 (2018.08); G02B 26/005 (2018.08); G09G 3/344 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2016144468, 12.05.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): КЛЕАРИНК ДИСПЛЕЙЗ, ИНК. (US) Дата регистрации: 28.12.2018 2012057218 A1, 08.03.2012. US 8040594 B2, 18.10.2011. 12.05.2014 US 61/992,095 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 13.06.2018 Бюл. № 17 (45) Опубликовано: 28.12.2018 Бюл. № 1 (86) Заявка PCT: C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 12.12.2016 US 2015/030349 (12.05.2015) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 6 7 6 3 9 4 WO 2015/175518 (19.11.2015) R U 2 6 7 6 3 9 4 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 6215920 B1, 10.04.2001. US Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U 12.05.2015 (72) Автор(ы): ЛОУ Шон (CA), ПУЛЛЕН Энтони И. (US) Адрес для переписки: 191036, Санкт-Петербург, а/я 24, "НЕВИНПАТ" (54) ДВУХЧАСТИЧНЫЙ ГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСПЛЕЙ С ПОЛНЫМ ...

Patent RU2016144468A3

Variable reflectivity image display device

Optical switch and display unit

The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting Deltan be a difference between a refractive index n₀ of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n₁ of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, "d" be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and lambda be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of Deltan, "d", and lambda satisfy a condition of 2.20x10^-3<=|Deltan.d.lambda^-1|<=3.03x10^-3. With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied ...

Electrophoretic switch for a light pipe

An electrophoretic light switch is provided for controlling light in a light pipe having a transparent inner conductor, an outer conductor and a solution containing charged particles. Light is absorbed by the solution when the particles are attracted to the inner conductor causing the light intensity in the light pipe to be reduced.

高効率な可変反射型画像表示装置における全反射の電気泳動的で、高屈折率な及び相転移の制御

... フロリナート電気部品用液体等の媒質(20)内を懸濁された荷電粒子(21)は、高屈折率材料上に形成された再帰反射面における全反射(TIR)を電気泳動的に制御するために用いられる。プリズム構造物(35,32,81)は、オーバーヘッド光源からの周囲光を表示画像に向かって再指向し、次に、その画像から画像の前の領域まで指向することで、ハイコントラストな反射型表示装置を達成する。透過性平面導波管(36)は、フルカラー表示を生成するために、赤、青、緑の連続的な閃光を用いて表示装置の前方面を照らす。また、全反射は、気-液相転移によるか、電気的及び化学的の少なくともいずれか一方の方法を用いて材料の吸収係数を変更することにより、再帰反射面において制御することができる。 ...

BILDSCHIRM BASIEREND AUF VARIABLER REFLEKTION

Scanning radiation delivery system using switchable reflectively transmissive and permanently reflective layers

VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

A variably reflective display device amenable to mutiple pixel display applications. Each pixel has at least one element (10) having a reflective state in which incident light undergoes total internal reflection, and having a non-reflective state in which total internal reflection is prevented. Such prevention is achieved by interfering with (scattering and/or absorbing) the evanescent wave adjacent the surface of the element. For example, a member (18) can be positioned adjacent the element and deformed between first and second positions. In the first position a gap (20) remains between the member and the elememt to allow the evanescent wave to behave normally. In the second position the member is in optical (but not atomic) contact with the element, such that the member interferes with the evanescent wave and thereby prevents total internal reflection. In one embodiment, each pixel is a grouping of retro-reflective elements (12A, 12B, 12C...) such as corner reflectors. An elastomeric material (18) is provided adjacent each grouping. If a gap (20) is left between the grouping and the elastomeric material, the grouping continues to exhibit total internal reflection. But, if the elastomeric material makes optical contact with the grouping, the evanescent wave is absorbed or scattered and hence total internal reflection is prevented, which in turn prevents reflection of incident light. Thus, the "pixel" formed by the corner reflector grouping is "off" if it makes optical contact with the elastomeric material, and "on" if a gap is left between the two.

HYBRID REFLECTIVE-EMISSIVE IMAGE DISPLAY

ENHANCED EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

본 발명은, 바람직한 방향(26)에서 이미지를 관찰하기 위한 디스플레이이다. 평행하고, 거시적 평면이며, 구조화 표면, 비광흡수성의 광편향부 및 반사부는 방향(26)에 수직인 상호 수직방향(24,20)에서 길이로 대칭이다. 액체(28)는 반사부와 접촉되는 부재(34)를 포함한다. 콘트롤러(56)는 반사부와 인접하는 에버네슨트파 영역으로 부재를 선택적으로 이동시키도록 전자기력을 인가해서, 반사부의 선택된 지점에서 TIR을 감쇠시킨다. 편향부의 구조화 표면은 반사부의 길이로 대칭인 방향에서의 방향 성분을 광선에 분배함으로써 반사부를 향해 방향(26)에 입사(40)되는 광선을 편향(42)시킨다. 반사부상의 구조화 표면은 TIR이 감쇠되지 않는 지점에서 편향부를 향해 편향된 광선을 내부전반사(44,48)시킨다. 편향부의 구조화 표면은 TIR된 광선을 편향(50)시키고, 방향 성분을 제거함으로써, 편향된 TIR된 광선은 방향(26)에 대해 실질적으로 평행하게 방출(51)된다. The present invention is a display for viewing an image in the preferred direction 26. The parallel, macroscopic plane, structured surface, non-light absorbing light deflections and reflecting portions are symmetric in length in mutually perpendicular directions 24, 20 perpendicular to direction 26. Liquid 28 includes a member 34 in contact with the reflecting portion. The controller 56 applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the member into the abernant wave region adjacent to the reflector, thereby attenuating the TIR at selected points of the reflector. The structured surface of the deflector deflects 42 the light ray incident 40 in the direction 26 toward the reflector by distributing the directional component in the direction symmetrical to the length of the reflector to the light beam. The structured surface on the reflector internally reflects (44,48) light rays deflected towards the deflection at points where the TIR is not attenuated. The structured surface of the deflector deflects the TIR light beam 50 and removes the directional component, such that the deflected TIR light beam is emitted 51 substantially parallel to the direction 26.

Bent electro-absorption modulator

The present invention relates to a method and a device for modulating optical signals based on modulating bending losses in bend, quantum well semiconductor waveguide sections. The complex refractive index of the optical active semiconducting components of the waveguide section is modulated by applying a variable electric or electromagnetic field. The modulation of the complex refractive index results in a modulation of the refractive index contrast and the absorption coefficient for the waveguide at the frequency of the light. By carefully adjusting the composition of the semiconducting components and the applied electric field in relation to the frequency of the modulated radiation, the bending losses (and possibly coupling losses) will provide extinction of light guided by the bent waveguide section. The refractive index contrast may be modulated while keeping the absorption coefficient substantially constant and small, whereby the guided light can be modulated only by bending losses. Alternatively, the invention may be applied to enhance the extinction ratio of existing absorption modulators such as Electro-Absorption Modulators (EAMs) in which case extinction by absorption and extinction by bending losses co-operates to provide more compact modulators with improved performance (extinction) and speed.

ELECTROPHORETIC, HIGH INDEX, OR PHASE TRANSITION CONTROL OF TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IN HIGH EFFICIENCY VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAYS

Charged particles (21) suspended in a medium (20) such as FluorinertTM Electronic Liquid are used to electrophoretically control total internal reflection (TIR) at a retro-reflective surface formed on a high refractive index material. Prismatic structures (35, 32, 81) redirect ambient light from an overhead light source toward a display image and then from the image to the region in front of the image, yielding a high contrast reflective display. A transparent planar waveguide (36) front lights the display with sequential flashes of red, blue and green light to generate a full colour display. TIR can also be controlled at retro-reflective surfaces by means of a vapour- liquid phase transition, or by changing the absorption coefficient of a material using electrical, chemical and/or electrochemical methods.

IONIC ELECTROPHORESIS IN TIR-MODULATED REFLECTIVE IMAGE DISPLAYS

A reflective display having a plurality of transparent hemi-beads (60), each having a reflective region (80) surrounding a non-reflective region (82). Light absorbing, electrostatically charged ions are dissolved in an electrophoretic medium (20) maintained adjacent the hemi-beads. A voltage applied across the medium moves many ions into an evanescent wave region adjacent the hemi-beads where the ions absorb light, frustrating TIR at the reflective regions. Ions in the evanescent wave region also absorb light which does not undergo TIR and which would otherwise pass through the non-reflective regions. An opposite voltage applied across the medium moves many ions away from the hemi-beads, allowing light to undergo TIR at the reflective regions. The display's brightness can be enhanced by providing a backplane electrode (48) having reflective regions (108; 110, 112) for reflecting back through the hemi-beads light which passes through the non-reflective regions to the backplane electrode.

ENHANCED EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

A display for viewing images in a preferred direction (26). Parallel, macroscopically planar, structured surface, non-light absorptive light deflecting and reflecting portions are longitudinally symmetrical in mutually perpendicular directions (24, 20) which are perpendicular to direction (26). A liquid (28) containing members (34) contacts the reflecting portion. A controller (56) applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the members into an evanescent wave region adjacent the reflecting portion, frustrating TIR at selected points on the reflecting portion. The deflecting portion's structured surfaces deflect (42) light rays incident (40) in direction (26) toward the reflecting portion by imparting to the rays a directional component in the reflecting portion's direction of longitudinal symmetry. The reflecting portion's structured surfaces totally internally reflect (44, 48) the deflected rays toward the deflecting portion wherever TIR is not frustrated. The deflecting portion's ...

Enhanced effective refractive index total internal reflection image display

The invention provides an image display for viewing images in a preferred viewing direction. The display has parallel, macroscopically planar, structured surface, non-light absorptive light deflecting and reflecting portions which are longitudinally symmetrical in mutually perpendicular directions, both of which are perpendicular to the preferred viewing direction. A liquid containing a plurality of movable members contacts the light reflecting portion. A controller applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the members into an evanescent wave region adjacent the light reflecting portion to frustrate TIR of light rays at selected points on the light reflecting portion. The structured surfaces on the light deflecting portion deflect light rays incident in the preferred viewing direction toward the light reflecting portion by imparting to the rays a directional component in the direction of longitudinal symmetry of the light reflecting portion. The structured surfaces on the light reflecting portion totally internally reflect the deflected light rays toward the light deflecting portion at points other than the selected points at which TIR is frustrated. Then, the structured surfaces on the light deflecting portion again deflect the totally internally reflected light rays, cancelling the directional component therefrom, such that the deflected totally internally reflected light rays emerge from the display in a direction substantially parallel to the preferred viewing direction.

ELECTROPHORETIC IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

Displaced porous electrode for frustrating tir

Retro-reflecting electroabsorption optical modulators

An optical fiber compatible modulator device provides high-contrast levels switchable using modest applied voltages. As a two-port optical modulator, a normal light signal incident at a first port is deflected to a non-normal direction for passage through an absorption layer (e.g., a multiple-quantum well (MQW) layer), the absorption layer having an adsorption characteristic which changes as a function of a voltage applied across it. The non-normal direction light signal exiting the absorption layer is deflected to a normal light signal for output from a second port of the optical modulator. As a one-port optical modulator, a normal light signal received at a first port is deflected to a non-normal direction for passage through an absorption layer. A reflector reflects a non-normal direction light signal exiting the layer back through the layer to the deflector means and is output at the port of the optical modulator.

Optical device and display apparatus

Optical device and display apparatus

Bent electro-absorption modulator

전면발광 반-역반사 디스플레이를 위한 방법 및 장치

... 본 개시는 일반적으로 투명하고 선택적인 방출 광 지향성을 갖는 전면발광 디스플레이에 관한 것이다. 개시된 반-역반사, 반경면 및 경면 디스플레이는 광 출력의 비-램버시안 특성을 보존하는 방식으로 광을 반사시키는 지향성 전면 광 시스템을 포함한다. 이와 같은 상황은 다량의 광이 관찰자를 향해 다시 반사되지 않는 실질적인 램버시안 반사율을 갖는 종래의 마이크로캡슐화 전기영동 디스플레이와 비교하여 더 높은 정도의 휘도를 갖는 더 밝은 디스플레이를 초래한다.

COLOR FILTERING AND ABSORBING TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

A display with at least two prism structure types. Type 1 includes prism 16A, color filter FY associated with one prism facet, and control members CC, CM, each biasable with respect to one of the prism's other two facets. Filter FY and members CC, CM have first, second and third spectral absorption characteristics. Type 2 includes prism 16B, color filter FB associated with one of that prism's facets and control member CK1 biasable with respect to one of that prism's other two facets. Filter FB and member CK1 have fourth and fifth absorption characteristics. For any selected set of proximate ones of each prism type, controlled movement of the members between selected combinations of positions causes the whole set to reflect light whose average spectral reflectance corresponds to one of three independent colors, none of which is obtainable by mixing any other two.

Electrophoretic, high index and phase transition control of total internal reflection in high efficiency variable reflectivity image displays

Charged particles suspended in a medium such as Fluorinert(TM) Electronic Liquid are used to electrophoretically control total internal reflection (TIR) at a retro-reflective surface formed on a high refractive index material. Prismatic structures redirect ambient light from an overhead light source toward a display image and then from the image to the region in front of the image, yielding a high contrast reflective display. A transparent planar waveguide front lights the display with sequential flashes of red, blue and green light to generate a full color display. TIR can also be controlled at retro-reflective surfaces by means of a vapor-liquid phase transition, or by changing the absorption coefficient of a material using electrical, chemical and/or electrochemical methods.

Optical switch and display unit

The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting Deltan be a difference between a refractive index n0 of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n1 of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, "d" be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and lambda be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of Deltan, "d", and lambda satisfy a condition of 2.20x10<-3>|<=Deltan.d.lambda<-1>|<=3.03x10<-3>. With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied. The present invention also provides a display ...

Color filtering and absorbing total internal reflection image display

VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

A variably reflective display device amenable to mutiple pixel display applications. Each pixel has at least one element (10) having a reflective state in which incident light undergoes total internal reflection, and having a non-reflective state in which total internal reflection is prevented. Such prevention is achieved by interfering with (scattering and/or absorbing) the evanescent wave adjacent the surface of the element. For example, a member (18) can be positioned adjacent the element and deformed between first and second positions. In the first position a gap (20) remains between the member and the elememt to allow the evanescent wave to behave normally. In the second position the member is in optical (but not atomic) contact with the element, such that the member interferes with the evanescent wave and thereby prevents total internal reflection. In one embodiment, each pixel is a grouping of retro- reflective elements (12A, 12B, 12C...) such as corner reflectors. An elastomeric ...

Structured fluid compositions for electrophoretically frustrated total internal reflection displays

A structured fluid composition comprising: (a) a low refractive index liquid; (b) particles including light absorbing charged particles such as pigments, non-light absorbing uncharged particles such as teflon, silica, alumina and combinations thereof; and (c) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a charging agent, a surfactant, a flocculating agent, a polymer, and combination thereof; for use in a TIR electronic display. The inventive composition improves the long-term stability, response time and visible appearance of image displays which electrophoretically frustrate total internal reflection (TIR).

Display substrate, display panel and display device

A display substrate, a display panel and a display device are disclosed. The display substrate includes: a base substrate ( 1 ), and a color film structure ( 2 ) and a transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ) subsequently laminated on the base substrate ( 1 ). The color film structure ( 2 ) includes a plurality of color filter units arranged in a matrix and having different colors; at least one color of the color filter units in the color film structure ( 2 ) includes at least two layers of laminated color filter films, refractive indices of the color filter films gradually increase in a direction from the base substrate ( 1 ) towards the transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ), and one layer of the color filter films adjacent to the base substrate ( 1 ) has refractive index larger than that of the base substrate ( 1 ), one layer of the color filter films adjacent to the transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ) has refractive index less than that of the transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ). The display substrate reduces the loss of light transmitted in the display panel, and thus the display brightness of the display device is increased.

Area active backlight with spatiotemporal backlight

A liquid crystal display includes a backlight that provides light and selectively modifies the transmission of light from the backlight to the front of the display. The backlight includes a plurality of spaced apart light waveguides and a plurality of selection elements associated with the light waveguides that change the characteristics of the material of the light waveguides to selectively direct the transmission of light toward the liquid crystal layer. The combination of the waveguides and the selection elements provide light to the front of the display in a non-uniform temporal manner and a non-uniform spatial manner during a frame.

Image displays based on frustrated total internal reflection

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMAGE DISPLAY

본 발명의 디스플레이 장치 및 방법은 전기 영동 및/또는 2중 프리즘 표면이 사용되어 다른 굴절률을 갖는 매질들 사이의 경계면에서 내부 전반사를 제어가능하게 감쇄시킨다. 1실시예에 있어서, 고체의 유전성 광섬유(20A,20B,20C)의 정렬체는 아세톤니트라일과 같은 전기 영동 매질(26)에 의해 에워싸인다. 전기 영동 활동의 부재하에서, 광섬유는 광섬유를 통해 진행하는 광선을 내부 전반사시키고, 반사체(22)는 광섬유의 단부(24)를 통한 확산 방출을 위해 광선을 되돌린다. 광섬유가 전기 영동 활동에 종속되면, 그들의 TIR 능력은 감쇄된다. 제2실시예는, 평판 표면(38)에서 TIR이 일어나고 제어되도록 허용하는 2중의 프리즘 표면(30,32)을 통해 광선의 방향을 바꾼다. 제3실시예는 전기 영동 및 2중의 프리즘 표면(52,54) 모두를 사용하여 평판 표면(58)에서 TIR 현상의 간격이 없는 제어를 달성시킨다. The display devices and methods of the present invention employ electrophoretic and / or dual prism surfaces to controllably attenuate total internal reflection at the interface between media having different refractive indices. In one embodiment, the array of solid dielectric optical fibers 20A, 20B, 20C is surrounded by an electrophoretic medium 26, such as acetonitrile. In the absence of electrophoretic activity, the optical fiber totally reflects light rays traveling through the optical fiber, and the reflector 22 returns the light beams for diffused emission through the ends 24 of the optical fiber. If optical fibers are subject to electrophoretic activity, their TIR capability is attenuated. The second embodiment redirects the light rays through the dual prism surfaces 30, 32 which allow TIR to occur and be controlled at the plate surface 38. The third embodiment uses both electrophoresis and dual prism surfaces 52 and 54 to achieve spaceless control of the TIR phenomenon at the flat surface 58.

ENHANCED EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

A display for viewing images in a preferred direction (26). Parallel, macroscopically planar, structured surface, non-light absorptive light deflecting and reflecting portions are longitudinally symmetrical in mutually perpendicular directions (24, 20) which are perpendicular to direction (26). A liquid (28) containing members (34) contacts the reflecting portion. A controller (56) applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the members into an evanescent wave region adjacent the reflecting portion, frustrating TIR at selected points on the reflecting portion. The deflecting portion's structured surfaces deflect (42) light rays incident (40) in direction (26) toward the reflecting portion by imparting to the rays a directional component in the reflecting portion's direction of longitudinal symmetry. The reflecting portion's structured surfaces totally internally reflect (44, 48) the deflected rays toward the deflecting portion wherever TIR is not frustrated. The deflecting portion's ...

ENHANCED EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

A display for viewing images in a preferred direction (26). Parallel, macroscopically planar, structured surface, non-light absorptive light deflecting and reflecting portions are longitudinally symmetrical in mutually perpendicular directions (24, 20) which are perpendicular to direction (26). A liquid (28) containing members (34) contacts the reflecting portion. A controller (56) applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the members into an evanescent wave region adjacent the reflecting portion, frustrating TIR at selected points on the reflecting portion. The deflecting portion's structured surfaces deflect (42) light rays incident (40) in direction (26) toward the reflecting portion by imparting to the rays a directional component in the reflecting portion's direction of longitudinal symmetry. The reflecting portion's structured surfaces totally internally reflect (44, 48) the deflected rays toward the deflecting portion wherever TIR is not frustrated. The deflecting portion's ...

Optical device and display apparatus

An optical device and a display apparatus of the present invention are constructed so as to improve display characteristics of output light intensity, display contrast, and reduction of scattered light due to external light, and also to provide a large-screen. The optical device has a first stacked body and a plurality of second stacked bodies. The first stacked body includes a light guide(230), a first electrode(231), and an optical control layer(232). The second stacked body includes a plurality of second electrodes(234), the reflection film(233) and a substrate (235). A plurality of third electrodes(237) are provided through the substrate(235). Each of the third electrode has a first end part connecting to the second electrode and a second end part exposed to the other side of the substrate. A further light absorption film(236) may be disposed between the reflection film and the second electrode.

Reflective image display with threshold

Reflective image display architecture embodiments are disclosed comprising a perforated continuous reflective sheet. The perforated continuous sheet comprises a coating that provides a threshold to particle movement. The coating may be designed to provide a passive or electro-active physical barrier. The coating improves bistability of the display.

BILDANZEIGEVORRICHTUNG MIT INNERER TOTALREFLEXION UND ERHÖHTEM EFFEKTIVEN BRECHUNGSINDEX

Picture display apparatus

전면발광 반-역반사 디스플레이를 위한 방법 및 장치

... 본 개시는 일반적으로 투명하고 선택적인 방출 광 지향성을 갖는 전면발광 디스플레이에 관한 것이다. 개시된 반-역반사, 반경면 및 경면 디스플레이는 광 출력의 비-램버시안 특성을 보존하는 방식으로 광을 반사시키는 지향성 전면 광 시스템을 포함한다. 이와 같은 상황은 다량의 광이 관찰자를 향해 다시 반사되지 않는 실질적인 램버시안 반사율을 갖는 종래의 마이크로캡슐화 전기영동 디스플레이와 비교하여 더 높은 정도의 휘도를 갖는 더 밝은 디스플레이를 초래한다.

REFLECTIVE DISPLAY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A DISPLAY

The invention relates to a reflective display (1) comprising a substrate (4) and a reflective layer (3), e.g. comprising microcapsules (2) with an electrophoretic suspension arranged to reflect incident light (12) passing through the substrate (4), wherein the substrate (4) is structured so as to form a plurality of funnel-shaped protrusions (7) with reflective walls (8), the protrusions being oriented with a top end (72) facing towards the reflective layer and a base end (71) facing away from the reflective layer. According to this design, light that is reflected at sufficiently large reflection angles will experience one or more reflections by the protrusion walls (8). At each reflection the angle of propagation of the light (11) traveling through the substrate is decreased by twice the angle alpha between the wall (8) and the normal of the reflective layer (3).

Optical switch and display unit

The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting Δn be a difference between a refractive index no of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n1 of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, “d” be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and λ be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of Δn, “d”, and λ satisfy a condition of 2.20×10−3≦|Δn·d·λ−1|≦3.03×10−3. With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied. The present invention also provides a display unit using the optical switches.

VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

Optical interconnect capable of performing addition/subtraction

An electro-optic interconnect for use with optical signals and a probe beam is disclosed. A plurality of first optoelectronic detectors responds to an optical signal and develops a plurality of first electrical signals. A probe laser generates the probe beam. Means are responsive to the plurality of first electrical signals and changes a characteristic of the optical probe beam. A second optoelectronic detector responds to the changed characteristic and develops an output electrical signal representative of the optical signals. Alternatively, the second optoelectronic detector can be eliminated and direct optical signal processing can be implemented. In another aspect, a time compensation network serves to synchronize the probe and the signal beams. The electro-optic interconnect can be configured to add and subtract the optical signals.

ENHANCED EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IMAGE DISPLAY

A display for viewing images in a preferred direction (26). Parallel, macroscopically planar, structured surface, non-light absorptive light deflecting and reflecting portions are longitudinally symmetrical in mutually perpendicular directions (24, 20) which are perpendicular to direction (26). A liquid (28) containing members (34) contacts the reflecting portion. A controller (56) applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the members into an evanescent wave region adjacent the reflecting portion, frustrating TIR at selected points on the reflecting portion. The deflecting portion's structured surfaces deflect (42) light rays incident (40) in direction (26) toward the reflecting portion by imparting to the rays a directional component in the reflecting portion's direction of longitudinal symmetry. The reflecting portion's structured surfaces totally internally reflect (44, 48) the deflected rays toward the deflecting portion wherever TIR is not frustrated. The deflecting portion's ...

Reflective display and method for manufacturing such a display

ELECTROPHORETIC, HIGH INDEX, OR PHASE TRANSITION CONTROL OF TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IN HIGH EFFICIENCY VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAYS

Charged particles (21) suspended in a medium (20) such as FluorinertTMElectronic Liquid are used to electrophoretically control total internal reflection (TIR) at a retro-reflective surface formed on a high refractive index material. Prismatic structures (35, 32, 81) redirect ambient light from an overhead light source toward a display image and then from the image to the region in front of the image, yielding a high contrast reflective display. A transparent planar waveguide (36) front lights the display with sequential flashes of red, blue and green light to generate a full colour display. TIR can also be controlled at retro-reflective surfaces by means of a vapour-liquid phase transition, or by changing the absorption coefficient of a material using electrical, chemical and/or electrochemical methods.

STRUCTURED FLUID COMPOSITIONS FOR ELECTROPHORETICALLY FRUSTRATED TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION DISPLAYS

A structured fluid composition comprising: (a) a low refractive index liquid (104); (b) particles (100) including light absorbing charged particles such as pigments, non-light absorbing uncharged particles such as teflon, silica, alumina and combinations thereof; and (c) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a charging agent, a surfactant, a flocculating agent, a polymer, and combination thereof; for use in a TIR electronic display. The inventive composition improves the long-term stability, response time and visible appearance of image displays which electrophoretically frustrate total internal reflection (TIR).

減衰された内部全反射によるイメージ表示

... 電気泳動及び/又は2つのプリズム面を使用して、異なる屈折率を有する材料間の界面における内部全反射をコントロールして減衰させる、ディスプレイ装置及び方法を提供する。1つの実施形態では、固体の誘電体光ファイバー(20A,20B,20C)が、アセトニトリルなどの電気泳動媒体(26)によって取り囲まれる。電気泳動活動が行われない場合、ファイバは、ファイバに入射する光を内部全反射し、リフレクタ(22)はこの光を反射して、ファイバの端部(24)を通って拡散放出させる。ファイバが電気泳動活動を受ける場合は、ファイバのTIR能力は減少される。第2の実施形態では、TIR現象が生ずることができ、また平面(38)においてTIR現象をコントロールできる方法で、光を2つのプリズム面(30,32)に向け直す。第3の実施形態では、電気泳動及び2つのプリズム面(52,54)を使用して、平面(58)においてTIR現象のギャップを必要としないコントロールを達成する。 ...

2-입자 내부 전반사 이미지 디스플레이

... 반대 전하의 제1 하전 입자 및 제2 하전 입자를 갖는 내부 전반사 이미지 디스플레이가 개시되어 있다. 영이 아닌 전압을 인가함으로써, 입자는 이동되어 내부 전반사를 프러스트레이팅하여 어두운 상태를 생성한다. 0의 전압 및/또는 전압 펄싱을 인가함으로써, 광이 내부 전반사되어 밝은 상태를 생성한다. 디스플레이는 DC 밸런스되어 통상의 구동 전자기기와 호환가능하다. 다색 디스플레이는 상이한 광학 특성을 갖는 제1 및 제2 입자를 사용하여 생성될 수 있다.

Reflective display and method for manufacturing such a display

The invention relates to a reflective display (1) comprising a substrate (4) and a reflective layer (3), e.g. comprising microcapsules (2) with an electrophoretic suspension arranged to reflect incident light (12) passing through the substrate (4), wherein the substrate (4) is structured so as to form a plurality of funnel-shaped protrusions (7) with reflective walls (8), the protrusions being oriented with a top end (72) facing towards the reflective layer and a base end (71) facing away from the reflective layer. According to this design, light that is reflected at sufficiently large reflection angles will experience one or more reflections by the protrusion walls (8). At each reflection the angle of propagation of the light (11) traveling through the substrate is decreased by twice the angle alpha between the wall (8) and the normal of the reflective layer (3). COPYRIGHT KIPO & WIPO 2010 ...

STRUCTURED FLUID COMPOSITIONS FOR ELECTROPHORETICALLY FRUSTRATED TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION DISPLAYS

A structured fluid composition comprising: (a) a low refractive index liquid; (b) particles including light absorbing charged particles such as pigments, non-light absorbing uncharged particles such as teflon, silica, alumina and combinations thereof; and (c) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a charging agent, a surfactant, a flocculating agent, a polymer, and combination thereof; for use in a TIR electronic display. The inventive composition improves the long-term stability, response time and visible appearance of image displays which electrophoretically frustrate total internal reflection (TIR).

Passive high efficiency variable reflectivity image display device

A variably reflective display device amenable to multiple pixel display applications. Each pixel has at least one element having a reflective state in which incident light undergoes total internal reflection, and having a non-reflective state in which total internal reflection is prevented. Such prevention is achieved by interfering with (scattering and/or absorbing) the evanescent wave adjacent the surface of the element. For example, a member can be positioned adjacent the element and deformed between first and second positions. In the first position a gap remains between the member and the element to allow the evanescent wave to behave normally. In the second position the member is in optical (but not atomic) contact with the element, such that the member interferes with the evanescent wave and thereby prevents total internal reflection. In one embodiment, each pixel is a grouping of retro-reflective elements, such as corner reflectors. An elastomeric material is provided adjacent each ...

Ge-Si quantum well structures

Si-Ge quantum wells where the well material has a lowest conduction band energy minimum at k=0 (the Gamma point of the first Brillouin zone) are provided. Quantum well structures that satisfy this condition have "Kane-like" bands at and near k=0 which can provide physical effects useful for various device applications, especially optical modulators. In the Si1-xGex material system, this condition on the band structure is satisfied for x greater than about 0.7. The quantum well barrier composition may or may not have Kane-like bands. A preferred method of providing such quantum well structures on a substrate (e.g., a silicon substrate) is to grow a first Ge-rich Si-Ge buffer layer on the substrate, and then anneal the resulting layered structure. In many cases it is further preferred to grow a second Ge-rich Si-Ge buffer layer on top of the first buffer layer and anneal the resulting layered structure.

Structured fluid compositions for electrophoretically frustrated total internal reflection displays

A structured fluid composition comprising: (a) a low refractive index liquid; (b) particles including light absorbing charged particles such as pigments, non-light absorbing uncharged particles such as teflon, silica, alumina and combinations thereof; and (c) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a charging agent, a surfactant, a flocculating agent, a polymer, and combination thereof; for use in a TIR electronic display. The inventive composition improves the long-term stability, response time and visible appearance of image displays which electrophoretically frustrate total internal reflection (TIR).

Area active backlight with steerable light source

A liquid crystal display includes a backlight. The backlight includes a plurality of waveguides to selectively direct light. A set of selection elements in combination with the backlight selectively direct light to the front of the display.

반사율이 증가된 내부 전반사 기반 이미지 디스플레이

... 종래의 내부 전반사 이미지 디스플레이의 휘도(brightness)는 백색 상태의 암 동공 영역을 통과하는 입사광으로 인해 감소할 수 있다. 투명 전방 시트 상의 볼록 돌출부의 표면에 서브-파장 구조체를 부가하는 것은 백색 상태에서의 휘도를 증가시킬 수 있다. 서브-파장 구조체의 크기, 간격, 형상 및 굴절률의 제어는 0차 반사(zeroth order reflection) 및 향상된 휘도를 유도할 수 있다.

Multi-stage optical switching device

An optical switching device contains an active stage coupled to a passive stage. The index of refraction in the active stage is variable to change the entry direction of a light beam into the passive stage, which has a fixed index of refraction. Because the light beam can enter the passive stage at different angles, the exit direction of the light beam from the passive stage can be changed. The resulting optical switch allows switching without any mechanical components.

BILDANZEIGEVORRICHTUNG MIT FARBFILTERUNG UND ABSORBIERENDER INNERER TOTALREFLEXION

IONIC ELECTROPHORESIS IN TIR-MODULATED REFLECTIVE IMAGE DISPLAYS

A reflective display having a plurality of transparent hemi-beads (60), each having a reflective region (80) surrounding a non-reflective region (82). Light absorbing, electrostatically charged ions are dissolved in an electrophoretic medium (20) maintained adjacent the hemi-beads. A voltage applied across the medium moves many ions into an evanescent wave region adjacent the hemi-beads where the ions absorb light, frustrating TIR at the reflective regions. Ions in the evanescent wave region also absorb light which does not undergo TIR and which would otherwise pass through the non-reflective regions. An opposite voltage applied across the medium moves many ions away from the hemi-beads, allowing light to undergo TIR at the reflective regions. The display's brightness can be enhanced by providing a backplane electrode (48) having reflective regions (108; 110, 112) for reflecting back through the hemi-beads light which passes through the non-reflective regions to the backplane electrode.

Ge-Si quantum well structures

Si—Ge quantum wells where the well material has a lowest conduction band energy minimum at k=0 (the Γ point of the first Brillouin zone) are provided. Quantum well structures that satisfy this condition have “Kane-like” bands at and near k=0 which can provide physical effects useful for various device applications, especially optical modulators. In the Si1-xGex material system, this condition on the band structure is satisfied for x greater than about 0.7. The quantum well barrier composition may or may not have Kane-like bands. A preferred method of providing such quantum well structures on a substrate (e.g., a silicon substrate) is to grow a first Ge-rich Si—Ge buffer layer on the substrate, and then anneal the resulting layered structure. In many cases it is further preferred to grow a second Ge-rich Si—Ge buffer layer on top of the first buffer layer and anneal the resulting layered structure.

Multi-stage optical switching device

An optical switching device contains an active stage coupled to a passive stage. The index of refraction in the active stage is variable to change the entry direction of a light beam into the passive stage, which has a fixed index of refraction. Because the light beam can enter the passive stage at different angles, the exit direction of the light beam from the passive stage can be changed. The resulting optical switch allows switching without any mechanical components.

Detection device for preventing production equipment from scratching substrate and detection method

本发明公开了一种防止生产设备划伤基板的检测装置和检测方法。装置包括检测基板、控制模块、传输模块和监控模块；控制模块，用于检测生产设备与检测基板的接触点的位置信息，并将位置信息发送给传输模块；传输模块，用于接收位置信息并将位置信息发送给所述监控模块；监控模块，用于根据位置信息生成生产设备与检测基板的接触点的坐标。本发明实施例的技术方案中，可采用检测基板模拟制造TFT-LCD的流程，预先对生产设备进行检测，并检测出生产设备与检测基板的接触点的坐标，从而可及时对该生产设备进行调整，有效防止实际生产过程中生产设备对基板的划伤。

INTEGRATED OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR FOR A FIBRE-OPTIC INTERFEROMETER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN INTEGRATED OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR FOR A FIBRE-OPTIC INTERFEROMETER

The invention relates to an integrated optical phase modulator (110) for a fibre-optic interferometer comprising a substrate (112) and an optical waveguide (114), which is integrated in the substrate (112), wherein at least one outer surface (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) of the substrate (112) is modified such that light that propagates in the substrate (112) is reflected from the at least one outer surface (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) of the substrate (112) to a reduced degree compared with an unmodified outer surface of the substrate. In a method for producing an integrated optical phase modulator (110) for a fibre-optic interferometer comprising a substrate (112), in which an optical waveguide (114) is integrated, at least one outer surface (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) of the substrate (112) is modified such that light that propagates in the substrate (112) is reflected from the least one outer surface (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125) of the substrate (112) to a reduced degree compared ...

VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE

A variably reflective display device amenable to mutiple pixel display applications. Each pixel has at least one element (10) having a reflective state in which incident light undergoes total internal reflection, and having a non-reflective state in which total internal reflection is prevented. Such prevention is achieved by interfering with (scattering and/or absorbing) the evanescent wave adjacent the surface of the element. For example, a member (18) can be positioned adjacent the element and deformed between first and second positions. In the first position a gap (20) remains between the member and the elememt to allow the evanescent wave to behave normally. In the second position the member is in optical (but not atomic) contact with the element, such that the member interferes with the evanescent wave and thereby prevents total internal reflection. In one embodiment, each pixel is a grouping of retro-reflective elements (12A, 12B, 12C...) such as corner reflectors. An elastomeric ...

Optical switch and display unit

The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting Deltan be a difference between a refractive index n0 of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n1 of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, "d" be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and lambda be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of Deltan, "d", and lambda satisfy a condition of 2.20x10<-3><=|Deltan.d.lambda<-1>|<=3.03X10<-3>. With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied. The present invention also provides a display ...

The reflection type display device of a reflection type display device manufacturing method

COMPACT HOLOGRAPHIC EDGE ILLUMINATED WEARABLE DISPLAY

There is provided a wearable display comprising a light source emitting light of a first wavelength; a first SBG device having a front side and a rear side; first and second transparent plates sandwiching said SBG device; independently switchable transparent electrode elements applied to the opposing surfaces of said transparent plates, a means for spatio-temporally modulating light from the light source to provide image light and a means for coupling the image light into the light guide formed by the two transparent plates and the SBG device. The SBG device comprises a multiplicity of selectively switchable grating regions. The SBG device diffracts image into the pupil of an eye.

BENT ELECTRO-ABSORPTION MODULATOR

The present invention relates to a method and a device for modulating optical signals based on modulating bending losses in bend, quantum well semiconductor waveguide sections. The complex refractive index of the optical active semiconducting components of the waveguide section is modulated by applying a variable electric or electronmagnetic field. The modulation of the complex refractive index results in a modulation of the refractive index contrast and the absorption coefficient for the waveguide at the frequency of the light. By carefully adjusting the composition of the semiconducting components and the applied electric field in relation to the frequency of the modulated radiation, the bending losses (and possibly coupling losses) will provide extinction of light guided by the bent waveguide section. The refractive index contract may be modulated while keeping the absorption coefficient substantially constant and small, whereby the guided light can be modulated only by bending losses. Alternatively, the invention may be applied to enhance the extinction ratio of existing absorption modulators such as Electro-Absorption Modulators (EAMs) in which case extinction by absorption and extinction by bendng losses co-operates to provide more compact modulators with improved performance (extinction) and speed.

Area active backlight with spatiotemporal backlight

A liquid crystal display includes a backlight that provides light and selectively modifies the transmission of light from the backlight to the front of the display. The backlight includes a plurality of spaced apart light waveguides and a plurality of selection elements associated with the light waveguides that change the characteristics of the material of the light waveguides to selectively direct the transmission of light toward the liquid crystal layer. The combination of the waveguides and the selection elements provide light to the front of the display in a non-uniform temporal manner and a non-uniform spatial manner during a frame.

Method and apparatus for two particle total internal reflection image display

Brightness in total internal reflection image displays may be enhanced by addition of a plurality of light reflecting particles. The particles may be charged, uncharged or weakly charged. The particles may be designed such that they do not enter the evanescent wave region and frustrate TIR when near the surface of the convex protrusions but be close enough to reflect light rays that pass through the dark pupil region to enhance brightness.

Hybrid reflective-emissive image display

Reflective image displays use minimal power but have limited use in low ambient conditions. Emissive image displays are intrinsically reflective and must use significantly more power in high ambient light conditions to optimize the image quality which greatly limits the battery life. To date no single display technology has been able to provide excellent image quality in all ambient lighting conditions. The embodiments described herein involves the efficient hybridization of controlled reflection with controlled efficient emission to improve both the practicality and the overall performance of the display.

Display substrate, display panel and display device

A display substrate, a display panel and a display device are disclosed. The display substrate includes: a base substrate ( 1 ), and a color film structure ( 2 ) and a transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ) subsequently laminated on the base substrate ( 1 ). The color film structure ( 2 ) includes a plurality of color filter units arranged in a matrix and having different colors; at least one color of the color filter units in the color film structure ( 2 ) includes at least two layers of laminated color filter films, refractive indices of the color filter films gradually increase in a direction from the base substrate ( 1 ) towards the transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ), and one layer of the color filter films adjacent to the base substrate ( 1 ) has refractive index larger than that of the base substrate ( 1 ), one layer of the color filter films adjacent to the transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ) has refractive index less than that of the transparent conductive oxide film layer ( 3 ). The display substrate reduces the loss of light transmitted in the display panel, and thus the display brightness of the display device is increased.

Optical device having reverse mode holographic PDLC and front light guide

An optical device and a display apparatus of the present invention are constructed so as to improve display characteristics of output light intensity, display contrast, and reduction of scattered light due to external light, and also to provide a large-screen. The optical device has a first stacked body and a plurality of second stacked bodies. The first stacked body includes a light guide, a fist electrode, and an optical control layer. The second stacked body includes a plurality of second electrodes, the reflection film and a substrate. A plurality of third electrodes are provided through the substrate. Each of the third electrode has a first end part connecting to the second electrode and a second end part exposed to the other side of the substrate. A further light absorption film may be disposed between the reflection film and the second electrode.

Reflective display apparatus and manufacturing method of reflective display apparatus

本发明是关于一种反射式显示装置，包括至少一个前光模块、第一框体、第一液体以及显示单元。至少一个前光模块包括光源以及导光板。光源适于提供照明光束。第一框体与至少一个前光模块的导光板连接。显示单元、第一框体与至少一个前光模块形成第一容置空间，且第一液体被注入于第一容置空间内。此外，一种反射式显示装置的制作方法亦被提出。

Bistable enhancement in total internal reflection image displays

全内反射图像显示器配备有双稳态增强粒子相互作用层。双稳态增强层赋予显示器在0V或断电时的双稳态。双稳态增强层可以在0V或断电时将粒子保持在前电极处的消逝波区域中的表面附近以保留暗态图像。粒子相互作用层可以在0V或断电时将粒子保持在后电极表面附近以保留明亮状态图像。对粒子密度的控制提高了双稳态性。

Method and apparatus for front-lit semi-retro-reflective display

본 개시는 일반적으로 투명하고 선택적인 방출 광 지향성을 갖는 전면발광 디스플레이에 관한 것이다. 개시된 반-역반사, 반경면 및 경면 디스플레이는 광 출력의 비-램버시안 특성을 보존하는 방식으로 광을 반사시키는 지향성 전면 광 시스템을 포함한다. 이와 같은 상황은 다량의 광이 관찰자를 향해 다시 반사되지 않는 실질적인 램버시안 반사율을 갖는 종래의 마이크로캡슐화 전기영동 디스플레이와 비교하여 더 높은 정도의 휘도를 갖는 더 밝은 디스플레이를 초래한다. This disclosure relates generally to a front emission display having a transparent and selective emission directivity. The disclosed semi-retroreflective, radial, and mirror-surface displays include a directional front light system that reflects light in a manner that preserves the non-lambda cyan characteristics of the light output. This situation results in a brighter display with a higher degree of brightness compared to conventional microencapsulated electrophoretic displays with substantial Lambertian reflectance where large amounts of light are not reflected back toward the viewer.

Electrophoretic, high index and phase transition control of total internal reflection in high efficiency variable reflectivity image displays

플루오리너트 전기부품용 액체와 같은 매질 내를 현탁하는 하전입자(21)가, 고반사율의 재료 상에 형성된 재귀반사면에서의 전반사(전반사)를 전기영동적으로 제어하기 쓰여진다. 프리즘 구조물(35, 32, 81)은 머리 위의 광원으로부터의 주위광을 표시화상를 향해 방향을 변경한 다음, 그 표시화상 보다 앞쪽 영역까지 지향함으로써 높은 콘트라스트의 반사형 표시방치를 달성하게 된다. 투과성 평면도파관(36)은 풀 컬러 표시를 생성하기 위해 적, 청 및 녹색의 연속적인 섬광을 써서 표시장치의 앞쪽면을 비춘다. 또, TIR(전반사)는 기체-액체 상전이에 의할까 또는 전기적 및 화학적 방법의 적어도 어느 한 방법으로 재료의 흡수계수를 변경함으로써 재귀반사면에서 제어할 수가 있게 된다. The charged particles 21 suspended in a medium such as a fluorine nut electrical component liquid are used to electrophoretically control total reflection (total reflection) at a retroreflective surface formed on a material having high reflectivity. The prism structures 35, 32, and 81 change the direction of the ambient light from the light source above the head toward the display image, and then direct it to an area ahead of the display image, thereby achieving high contrast reflective display. The transmissive planar waveguide 36 illuminates the front side of the display using a series of flashes of red, blue and green to produce a full color display. In addition, TIR (total reflection) can be controlled in the retroreflection plane by changing the absorption coefficient of the material by gas-liquid phase transition or by at least one of electrical and chemical methods.

Increased reflectivity in image displays based on total internal reflection

因为入射光在白色状态下通过黑瞳区域，所以传统全内反射图像显示器中的亮度可能降低。将亚波长结构添加到透明前板上的凸形突起的表面可以增加白色状态下的亮度。控制亚波长结构的尺寸、间隔、形状、和折射率可以产生零阶反射和增强的亮度。

Detection device for preventing production equipment from scratching substrate and detection method

本发明公开了一种防止生产设备划伤基板的检测装置和检测方法。装置包括检测基板、控制模块、传输模块和监控模块；控制模块，用于检测生产设备与检测基板的接触点的位置信息，并将位置信息发送给传输模块；传输模块，用于接收位置信息并将位置信息发送给所述监控模块；监控模块，用于根据位置信息生成生产设备与检测基板的接触点的坐标。本发明实施例的技术方案中，可采用检测基板模拟制造TFT-LCD的流程，预先对生产设备进行检测，并检测出生产设备与检测基板的接触点的坐标，从而可及时对该生产设备进行调整，有效防止实际生产过程中生产设备对基板的划伤。

Electrophoretic, high index and phase transition control of total internal reflection in high efficiency variable reflectivity image displays

Charged particles (21) suspended in a medium (20) such as FluorinertTM Electronic Liquid are used to electrophoretically control total internal reflection (TIR) at a retro-reflective surface formed on a high refractive index material. Prismatic structures (35, 32, 81) redirect ambient light from an overhead light source toward a display image and then from the image to the region in front of the image, yielding a high contrast reflective display. A transparent planar waveguide (36) front lights the display with sequential flashes of red, blue and green light to generate a full colour display. TIR can also be controlled at retro-reflective surfaces by means of a vapour-liquid phase transition, or by changing the absorption coefficient of a material using electrical, chemical and/or electrochemical methods.

Electro-optical device, electro-optical crystal thin film, and manufacturing method thereof

【課題】 少なくとも１つの基板（１）と、少なくとも一対の電極（２）と、少なくとも一層の電気光学材料とからなる電気光学装置を提供する。 【解決手段】 電気光学材料は、光学的異方性結晶薄膜（３）を表し、芳香環を有し、かつ光軸の１つに沿って３．４±０．２Åの格子面間隔（ブラッグ反射）を有する格子をもつ分子を含む。電気光学材料（３）は、電界強度に依存する異方性屈折率及び／又は異方性吸収係数を有する。

Method and apparatus for preceding half retroreflection display of light

本披露总体上涉及一种具有透明的和选择性发射的光定向的前光显示器。该披露的半后向反射显示器、半镜面显示器和镜面显示器包括多个定向前光系统，这些定向前光系统用一种保留了光输出的非朗伯特性的方式对光进行反射。在具有基本上朗伯反射系数的常规的微囊化电泳显示器中，很多光没有被反射回朝向观看者，与之相比，本披露引出具有更高照明度的更亮的显示器。

Enhanced effective refractive indextotal internal reflection image display

一种用于在最佳方向(26)上观看图像的显示器。平行、宏观平整、带有构造面的非光吸收光折射和反射部分在垂直于方向(26)的相互垂直的方向(24，20)上纵向对称。一含组元(34)的液体(28)接触该反射部分。一控制器(56)施加一电磁力来选择性地将该组元移动到一个与该反射部分相邻的隐失波区域内，在反射部分上的选定位置处阻止TIR。该折射部分的构造面通过对方向(26)上入射的光线(40)引入一个该反射部分的纵向对称方向上的方向分量，将该光线朝该反射部分折射(42)。该反射部分的构造面在TIR未被阻止的位置上将折射的光线向该折射部分全内反射(44，48)。该折射部分的构造面折射(50)TIR光线，消除了该方向分量，使得折射后的TIR光线基本上平行于方向(26)射出(51)。

Display base plate, display panel and display device

A display substrate, a display panel and a display device are disclosed. The display substrate includes: a base substrate (1), and a color film structure (2) and a transparent conductive oxide film layer (3) subsequently laminated on the base substrate (1). The color film structure (2) includes a plurality of color filter units arranged in a matrix and having different colors; at least one color of the color filter units in the color film structure (2) includes at least two layers of laminated color filter films, refractive indices of the color filter films gradually increase in a direction from the base substrate (1) towards the transparent conductive oxide film layer (3), and one layer of the color filter films adjacent to the base substrate (1) has refractive index larger than that of the base substrate (1), one layer of the color filter films adjacent to the transparent conductive oxide film layer (3) has refractive index less than that of the transparent conductive oxide film layer (3). The display substrate reduces the loss of light transmitted in the display panel, and thus the display brightness of the display device is increased.

Two particle total internal reflection image display

A totally internally reflective image display having a first electrically charged particle and a second electrically charged particle of opposite charges are disclosed. By applying a non-zero voltage the particles are moved such that they frustrate total internal reflection and create a dark state. By applying a zero voltage and/or voltage pulsing, light is totally internally reflected to create a light state. The display is DC balanced and compatible with common drive electronics. Multi-colored displays may be created using first and second particles with different optical characteristics.

Compact holographic edge illuminated wearable display

There is provided a wearable display comprising a light source emitting light of a first wavelength; a first SBG device having a front side and a rear side; first and second transparent plates sandwiching said SBG device; independently switchable transparent electrode elements applied to the opposing surfaces of said transparent plates, a means for spatio-temporally modulating light from the light source to provide image light and a means for coupling the image light into the light guide formed by the two transparent plates and the SBG device. The SBG device comprises a multiplicity of selectively switchable grating regions. The SBG device diffracts image into the pupil of an eye.

Two particle total internal reflection image display

Display base plate, display panel and display device

一种显示基板、显示面板及显示装置。该显示基板包括：衬底基板（1），以及在衬底基板（1）上依次层叠设置的彩膜结构（2）和透明导电氧化物膜层（3）。彩膜结构（2）包括呈矩阵排列且颜色不同的多个滤光单元；其中彩膜结构（2）中至少一种颜色的滤光单元包括层叠设置的至少两层滤光膜，各层滤光膜的折射率从衬底基板（1）指向透明导电氧化物膜层（3）的方向逐渐增大，且与衬底基板（1）相邻的一层滤光膜的折射率大于衬底基板（1）的折射率，与透明导电氧化物膜层（3）相邻的一层滤光膜的折射率小于透明导电氧化物膜层（3）的折射率。该显示基板减少了光在显示面板的传输过程中的损失，进而提高了显示装置的显示亮度。

Discrete element light modulating microstructure devices

An optical system may be formed by including a plurality of discrete protrusions comprising electro-optic material. Each discrete protrusion is electrically and optically isolated from each other. The protrusions further have defined a top face, a bottom face, a first side face or first and second side faces, and front and back faces. A plurality of electrodes are associated with each of the protrusions. The electrodes are capable of inducing an electric field in the electro-optic material for independently modulating one or more light beams which are incident upon one of the faces of the protrusions. In one preferred embodiment, the protrusions are oriented with respect to the one or more light beams such that each of the light beams enters the protrusion and strikes a boundary between first and second portions of the protrusion at an angle and is reflected by total internal reflection when the first portion is electro-optically activated by application of sufficient voltage, but which will pass substantially unreflected through the boundary when the first portion is not electro-optically activated.

Reflective display and method for manufacturing such a display

The invention relates to a reflective display (1) comprising a substrate (4) and a reflective layer (3), e.g. comprising microcapsules (2) with an electrophoretic suspension arranged to reflect incident light (12) passing through the substrate (4), wherein the substrate (4) is structured so as to form a plurality of funnel-shaped protrusions (7) with reflective walls (8), the protrusions being oriented with a top end (72) facing towards the reflective layer and a base end (71) facing away from the reflective layer. According to this design, light that is reflected at sufficiently large reflection angles will experience one or more reflections by the protrusion walls (8). At each reflection the angle of propagation of the light (11) traveling through the substrate is decreased by twice the angle alpha between the wall (8) and the normal of the reflective layer (3).

Display device and method of manufacturing the same

Bistability enhancement in total internal reflection image displays

Total internal reflection image displays are equipped with a bistability enhancement particle interaction layer. The bistability enhancement layer imparts bistability in the display at 0V or power off. The bistability enhancement layer may hold particles near the surface in the evanescent wave region at the front electrode at 0V or power off to retain a dark state image. The particle interaction layer may hold particles near the surface of the rear electrode at 0V or power off to retain a bright state image. Control of particle density improves bistability.

Method and apparatus for two particle total internal reflection image display

Brightness in total internal reflection image displays may be enhanced by addition of a plurality of light reflecting particles. The particles may be charged, uncharged or weakly charged. The particles may be designed such that they do not enter the evanescent wave region and frustrate TIR when near the surface of the convex protrusions but be close enough to reflect light rays that pass through the dark pupil region to enhance brightness.

Structured fluid compositions for electrophoretically frustrated total internal reflection displays

A structured fluid composition comprising: (a) a low refractive index liquid; (b) particles including light absorbing charged particles such as pigments, non-light absorbing uncharged particles such as teflon, silica, alumina and combinations thereof; and (c) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a charging agent, a surfactant, a flocculating agent, a polymer, and combination thereof; for use in a TIR electronic display. The inventive composition improves the long-term stability, response time and visible appearance of image displays which electrophoretically frustrate total internal reflection (TIR).

Surface parallel modulator

SiGe quantum wells where the well material has a lowest conduction band energy minimum at k=0 (the Γ point of the first Brillouin zone) are provided. Quantum well structures that satisfy this condition have “Kane-like” bands at and near k=0 which can provide physical effects useful for various device applications, especially optical modulators. In the Si 1-x Ge x material system, this condition on the band structure is satisfied for x greater than about 0.7. The quantum well barrier composition may or may not have Kane-like bands. Embodiments of the invention having a surface parallel configuration are especially suitable for use in fiber coupled devices. Such surface parallel devices have light propagating in the plane of the quantum wells, in a device geometry that is preferably not single-mode waveguided.

Silicon-based ge/sige optical interconnects

SiGe quantum wells where the well material has a lowest conduction band energy minimum at k=0 (the Γ point of the first Brillouin zone) are provided. Quantum well structures that satisfy this condition have “Kane-like” bands at and near k=0 which can provide physical effects useful for various device applications, especially optical modulators. In the Si 1-x Ge x material system, this condition on the band structure is satisfied for x greater than about 0.7. The quantum well barrier composition may or may not have Kane-like bands. Optical modulators and/or detectors according to the invention are suitable for inclusion in waveguide-based optical interconnects. Such interconnects can be on-chip interconnects or chip to chip interconnects.

Bildanzeigevorrichtung mit farbfilterung und absorbierender innerer totalreflexion

磁擦除电子书写器

一种磁擦除电子书写器或书写装置包括胆甾型液晶材料，其中使用磁激活电子电路擦除书写的图像。通过取消现有技术电子书写器的机械擦除按钮，电子书写器可以被设计成具有可以几乎覆盖电子书写器的整个表面的显示覆盖区。擦除磁体可以与该装置一起使用，该装置可以是手持的，例如，作为触笔的一部分。由于擦除磁体与设备分离，并且省略了机械擦除按钮，电子书写器避免了无意擦除，无意擦除是现有技术电子书写器的缺点。

磁気消去式イーライター

【課題】新規なライティング装置又はイーライターを提供すること。【解決手段】本発明のイーライターは、磁気作動型電子回路を用いて書き込まれた画像が消去されるコレステリック液晶材料を含む。先行技術のイーライターの機械的消去ボタンを取り除くことによって、イーライターは、イーライターのほぼ全面をカバーすることができるディスプレイ占有部分を有するように設計することができる。消去用の磁石は、例えばスタイラスの一部としてハンドヘルド型とすることができるデバイスと共に使用することができる。消去磁石が装置から分離され、機械的消去ボタンが省略されるので、イーライターは、先行技術のイーライターの欠点である意図しない消去を回避することもできる。【選択図】図２Ａ

Displaced porous electrode for frustrating tir

A brightness enhancing structure for a reflective display incorporates a transparent sheet having an inward hemispherical surface, a backplane electrode, an apertured membrane between the hemispherical surface and the backplane electrode, and a light reflecting electrode on an outward side of the membrane. A voltage source connected between the electrodes is switchable to apply a first voltage to move the particles inwardly through the apertured membrane toward the backplane electrode, and a second voltage to move the particles outwardly through the apertured membrane toward the light reflecting electrode. Movement of the particles toward the light reflecting electrode frustrates total internal reflection of light rays at the hemispherical surface. Movement of the particles toward the backplane electrode permits total internal reflection of light rays at the hemispherical surface, and outward reflection from the light reflecting electrode toward the hemispherical surface of light rays which pass inwardly through the hemispherical surface.

Color filtering and absorbing total internal reflection image display

A color image display having a spatially uniform distribution of at least two different "types" of prism structure. The first type consists of a prism, a color filter associated with one of the prism's facets and two color absorbing control members, each of which can be biased away from or into optical contact with one of the prism's other two facets. The color filter has a first spectral absorption characteristic, and the control members have second and third spectral absorption characteristics respectively. The second type of prism structure consists of a second prism, a color filter associated with one of the second prism's facets and at least one color absorbing control member which can be biased away from or into optical contact with one of the second prism's other two facets. The second prism's color filter and control member have fourth and fifth spectral absorption characteristics respectively. The spectral absorption characteristics are selected such that, for any selected set comprising proximate ones of each of the two types of prism structure, controlled movement of the members between particular selected combinations of their possible respective positions causes the set as a whole to reflect light which has an average spectral reflectance characteristic corresponding to any one of three independent colors, with no one of the independent colors being obtainable by mixing any other two of the independent colors.

Bildanzeigevorrichtung mit farbfilterung und absorbierender innerer totalreflexion

Color filtering and absorbing total internal reflection image display

A color image display having a spatially uniform distribution of at least two different "types" of prism structure. The first type consists of a prism, a color filter associated with one of the prism's facets and two color absorbing control members, each of which can be biased away from or into optical contact with one of the prism's other two facets. The color filter has a first spectral absorption characteristic, and the control members have second and third spectral absorption characteristics respectively. The second type of prism structure consists of a second prism, a color filter associated with one of the second prism's facets and at least one color absorbing control member which can be biased away from or into optical contact with one of the second prism's other two facets. The second prism's color filter and control member have fourth and fifth spectral absorption characteristics respectively. The spectral absorption characteristics are selected such that, for any selected set comprising proximate ones of each of the two types of prism structure, controlled movement of the members between particular selected combinations of their possible respective positions causes the set as a whole to reflect light which has an average spectral reflectance characteristic corresponding to any one of three independent colors, with no one of the independent colors being obtainable by mixing any other two of the independent colors.

영상표시장치

표시특성을 향상시킬 수 있는 영상표시장치를 개시한다. 영상표시장치는 프리즘 및 프리즘의 일면에 형성된 화소부를 구비한다. 화소부는 반사 전극 및 반사 전극과 소정의 거리로 이격되어 위치하는 유전체를 구비한다. 유전체는 전압이 인가되면 반사 전극과 접촉되고, 영상 신호에 대응하여 굴절율이 변경된다. 여기서, 반사 전극은 유전체와 접촉된 부분의 굴절율이 변경되고, 이로써, 반사 전극은 영상 신호에 대응하여 반사율이 변경된다. 특히, 화소부는 반사 전극을 조절하여 표면플라즈몬공명을 조절할 수 있고, 표면플라즈몬공명을 이용하여 블랙 모드를 표시할 수 있다. 이에 따라, 영상표시장치는 블랙 모드에서의 빛샘 현상을 방지하여 대비비를 향상시킬 수 있으므로, 표시 특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 표면플라즈몬, 여기, 공명, 표면플라즈몬파, 유전체, 굴절율, 대비비

显示装置及制造显示装置的方法

公开了显示装置和制造显示装置的方法，显示装置包括显示面板、窗构件和多个第一光转换构件，其中，显示面板包括多个显示元件，窗构件设置在显示面板上，所述多个第一光转换构件转换从显示元件发射的光的路径并且其截面的直径为约450nm至约950nm，其中，第一光转换构件直接接触窗构件的表面。

Optical switch and display unit

The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting Δn be a difference between a refractive index n 0 of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n 1 of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, “d” be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and λ be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of Δn, “d”, and λ satisfy a condition of 2.20×10 −3 |≦Δn·d·λ −1 |≦3.03×10 −3 . With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied. The present invention also provides a display unit using the optical switches.

提高了有效折射系数的全内反射图像显示器

一种用于在最佳方向(26)上观看图像的显示器。平行、宏观平整、带有构造面的非光吸收光折射和反射部分在垂直于方向(26)的相互垂直的方向(24，20)上纵向对称。一含组元(34)的液体(28)接触该反射部分。一控制器(56)施加一电磁力来选择性地将该组元移动到一个与该反射部分相邻的隐失波区域内，在反射部分上的选定位置处阻止TIR。该折射部分的构造面通过对方向(26)上入射的光线(40)引入一个该反射部分的纵向对称方向上的方向分量，将该光线朝该反射部分折射(42)。该反射部分的构造面在TIR未被阻止的位置上将折射的光线向该折射部分全内反射(44，48)。该折射部分的构造面折射(50)TIR光线，消除了该方向分量，使得折射后的TIR光线基本上平行于方向(26)射出(51)。

电光器件

提供一种电光器件，其包括至少一个衬底(1)，至少一对电极(2)以及至少一层电光材料。该电光材料代表光学各向异性薄晶体薄膜(3)，并且包含具有芳香环且具有沿着光轴之一、面间距(布喇格反射)为3.4±0.2的晶格的分子。电光材料(3)具有依赖于电场强度的各向异性折射率和/或各向异性吸收系数。

磁擦除电子书写器

一种磁擦除电子书写器或书写装置包括胆甾型液晶材料，其中使用磁激活电子电路擦除书写的图像。通过取消现有技术电子书写器的机械擦除按钮，电子书写器可以被设计成具有可以几乎覆盖电子书写器的整个表面的显示覆盖区。擦除磁体可以与该装置一起使用，该装置可以是手持的，例如，作为触笔的一部分。由于擦除磁体与设备分离，并且省略了机械擦除按钮，电子书写器避免了无意擦除，无意擦除是现有技术电子书写器的缺点。

显示装置及制造显示装置的方法

公开了显示装置和制造显示装置的方法，显示装置包括显示面板、窗构件和多个第一光转换构件，其中，显示面板包括多个显示元件，窗构件设置在显示面板上，所述多个第一光转换构件转换从显示元件发射的光的路径并且其截面的直径为约450nm至约950nm，其中，第一光转换构件直接接触窗构件的表面。

Displaced porous electrode for frustrating TIR and returning light through exit pupil

A brightness enhancing structure for a reflective display incorporates a transparent sheet having an inward hemispherical surface, a backplane electrode, an apertured membrane between the hemispherical surface and the backplane electrode, and a light reflecting electrode on an outward side of the membrane. A voltage source connected between the electrodes is switchable to apply a first voltage to move the particles inwardly through the apertured membrane toward the backplane electrode, and a second voltage to move the particles outwardly through the apertured membrane toward the light reflecting electrode. Movement of the particles toward the light reflecting electrode frustrates total internal reflection of light rays at the hemispherical surface. Movement of the particles toward the backplane electrode permits total internal reflection of light rays at the hemispherical surface, and outward reflection from the light reflecting electrode toward the hemispherical surface of light rays which pass inwardly through the hemispherical surface.

Method and apparatus for front-lit semi-retro-reflective display

The disclosure generally relates to a front-lit display having transparent and selectively emissive light directionality. The disclosed semi-retro-reflective, semi-specular and specular displays include directional front light systems that reflect light in a manner to preserve the non-Lambertian characteristic of the light output. This leads to brighter displays with a higher degree of luminance as compared to conventional microencapsulated electrophoretic displays with substantially Lambertian reflectance where much of the light is not reflected back towards the viewer.

Reflective display apparatus and manufacturing method of reflective display apparatus

A reflective display apparatus including at least one front-light module, a first frame, a first liquid, and a display unit is provided. The at least one front-light module includes a light source and a light guide plate. The light source is adapted for providing an illumination beam. The first frame connects with the light guide plate of the at least one front-light module. The display unit, the first frame, the at least one front-light module form a first containing space and the first liquid is injected into the first containing space. Besides, a manufacturing method of the reflective display apparatus is also provided.